Loans, Allowance for Credit Losses and Impaired Loans | Note 3. Loans, Allowance for Credit Losses and Impaired Loans Major categories of loans as of December 31, 2021 and 2020 are as follows: (Dollars in thousands) December 31, 2021 December 31, 2020 Originated Loans Real Estate Mortgage Construction and land development $ 107,478 $ 71,361 Residential real estate 159,701 128,285 Nonresidential 513,873 394,539 Home equity loans 19,246 18,526 Commercial 109,470 115,387 Consumer and other loans 3,546 2,924 913,314 731,022 Acquired Loans Real Estate Mortgage Construction and land development $ 505 $ 3,345 Residential real estate 41,529 71,064 Nonresidential 128,344 175,206 Home equity loans 11,149 15,700 Commercial 21,438 37,411 Consumer and other loans 916 1,757 203,881 304,483 Total Loans Real Estate Mortgage Construction and land development $ 107,983 $ 74,706 Residential real estate 201,230 199,349 Nonresidential 642,217 569,745 Home equity loans 30,395 34,226 Commercial 130,908 152,798 Consumer and other loans 4,462 4,681 1,117,195 1,035,505 Less: Allowance for credit losses (14,656) (13,203) $ 1,102,539 $ 1,022,302 Allowance for Credit Losses Management has an established methodology to determine the adequacy of the allowance for credit losses that assesses the risks and losses inherent in the loan portfolio. For purposes of determining the allowance for credit losses, the Company has segmented the loan portfolio into the following classifications: ● Real Estate Mortgage (which includes Construction and Land Development, Residential Real Estate, Nonresidential Real Estate and Home Equity Loans) ● Commercial ● Consumer and Other Loans Each of these segments are reviewed and analyzed quarterly using historical charge-off experience for their respective segments as well as the following qualitative factors: ● Changes in the levels and trends in delinquencies, non-accruals, classified assets and TDRs ● Changes in the value of underlying collateral ● Changes in the nature and volume of the portfolio ● Effects of any changes in lending policies, procedures, including underwriting standards and collections, charge off and recovery practices ● Changes in the experience, depth and ability of management ● Changes in the national and local economic conditions and developments, including the condition of various market segments ● Changes in the concentration of credits within each pool ● Changes in the quality of the Company's loan review system and the degree of oversight by the Company’s Board of Directors ● Changes in external factors such as competition and the legal environment The above factors result in a FASB ASC 450-10-20, calculated reserve for environmental factors. All credit exposures graded at a rating of “non-pass” with outstanding balances less than or equal to $250 thousand and credit exposures graded at a rating of “pass” are reviewed and analyzed quarterly using historical charge-off experience for their respective segments as well as the qualitative factors discussed above. The historical charge-off experience is further adjusted based on delinquency risk trend assessments and concentration risk assessments. All credit exposures graded at a rating of “non-pass” with outstanding balances greater than $250 thousand, as well as any loans considered TDRs, are to be reviewed no less than quarterly for the purpose of determining if a specific allocation is needed for that credit. The determination for a specific reserve is measured based on the present value of expected future cash flows, discounted at the loan's effective interest rate, except when the sole (remaining) source of repayment for the loan is the operation or liquidation of the collateral. In these cases management uses the current fair value of the collateral, less selling cost when foreclosure is probable, instead of discounted cash flows. If management determines that the value of the loan is less than the recorded investment in the loan (net of previous charge-offs, deferred loan fees or costs and unamortized premium or discount), impairment is recognized through an allowance for credit losses estimate or a charge-off to the allowance for credit losses. The establishment of a specific reserve does not necessarily mean that the credit with the specific reserve will definitely incur loss at the reserve level. It is only an estimation of potential loss based upon known events that are subject to change. A specific reserve will not be established unless loss elements can be determined and quantified based on known facts. The total allowance for credit losses reflects management's estimate of loan losses inherent in the loan portfolio as of December 31, 2021 and 2020. The following tables include impairment information relating to loans and the allowance for credit losses as of December 31, 2021 and 2020: Real Estate Mortgage Construction and Land Residential Consumer Dollars in Thousands Development Real Estate Nonresidential Home Equity Commercial and Other Unallocated Total Balance at December 31, 2021 Purchased credit impaired loans Balance in allowance $ — $ 9 $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ 9 Related loan balance 46 1,633 376 — 126 — — 2,181 Individually evaluated for impairment: Balance in allowance $ — $ 3 $ 1,000 $ — $ 452 $ — $ — $ 1,455 Related loan balance 598 2,082 9,901 53 584 — — 13,218 Collectively evaluated for impairment: Balance in allowance $ 1,143 $ 1,881 $ 8,239 $ 212 $ 1,433 $ 36 $ 248 $ 13,192 Related loan balance 107,339 197,515 631,940 30,342 130,198 4,462 — 1,101,796 Note: The balances above include unamortized discounts on acquired loans of $2.3 million. Real Estate Mortgage Construction and Land Residential Consumer Dollars in Thousands Development Real Estate Nonresidential Home Equity Commercial and Other Unallocated Total Balance at December 31, 2020 Purchased credit impaired loans Balance in allowance $ — $ — $ — $ — $ 41 $ — $ — $ 41 Related loan balance 44 1,839 2,237 — 361 — — 4,481 Individually evaluated for impairment: Balance in allowance $ — $ 156 $ 17 $ — $ 500 $ — $ — $ 673 Related loan balance 175 2,947 6,990 — 489 — — 10,601 Collectively evaluated for impairment: Balance in allowance $ 903 $ 2,195 $ 7,567 $ 271 $ 1,402 $ 37 $ 114 $ 12,489 Related loan balance 74,487 194,563 560,518 34,226 151,948 4,681 — 1,020,423 The following tables provide a summary of the activity in the allowance for credit losses allocated by loan class as December 31, 2021 and 2020. Allocation of a portion of the allowance for credit losses to one loan class does not preclude its availability to absorb losses in other loan classes. December 31, 2021 Real Estate Mortgage Construction and Land Residential Consumer Dollars in Thousands Development Real Estate Nonresidential Home Equity Commercial and Other Unallocated Total Year Ended Beginning Balance $ 903 $ 2,351 $ 7,584 $ 271 $ 1,943 $ 37 $ 114 $ 13,203 Charge-offs — (39) (692) (7) (184) (66) — (988) Recoveries 1 23 53 3 16 22 — 118 Provision/(recovery) 239 (442) 2,294 (55) 110 43 134 2,323 Ending Balance $ 1,143 $ 1,893 $ 9,239 $ 212 $ 1,885 $ 36 $ 248 $ 14,656 December 31, 2020 Real Estate Mortgage Construction and Land Residential Consumer Dollars in Thousands Development Real Estate Nonresidential Home Equity Commercial and Other Unallocated Total Year Ended Beginning Balance $ 602 $ 1,380 $ 4,074 $ 142 $ 826 $ 14 $ 266 $ 7,304 Charge-offs — (112) (575) (13) (918) (120) — (1,738) Recoveries 1 70 512 10 109 41 — 743 Provision 300 1,013 3,573 132 1,926 102 (152) 6,894 Ending Balance $ 903 $ 2,351 $ 7,584 $ 271 $ 1,943 $ 37 $ 114 $ 13,203 On March 27, 2020, the CARES Act was signed into law, which established the PPP and allocated $349.0 billion of loans to be issued by financial institutions. Under the program, the Small Business Administration (“SBA”) will forgive loans, in whole or in part, made by approved lenders to eligible borrowers for paycheck and other permitted purposes in accordance with the requirements of the program. These loans carry a fixed rate of 1.00% and a term of two years, if not forgiven, in whole or in part. The loans are 100% guaranteed by the SBA and payments are deferred for the first six months of the loan. The Company receives a processing fee ranging from 1% to 5% based on the size of the loan from the SBA. The Paycheck Protection Program and Health Care Enhancement Act (“PPP/ HCEA Act”) was signed into law on April 24, 2020. The PPP/HCEA Act authorized additional funding under the CARES Act of $310.0 billion for PPP loans to be issued by financial institutions through the SBA. The Company has provided $95.1 million in funding to over 1,130 customers through the PPP, of which approximately $8.2 million and $42.3 million were still outstanding as of December 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively. Because these loans are 100% guaranteed by the SBA and did not undergo the Company’s typical underwriting process, they are not graded and do not have an associated allocation for credit losses at this time. Credit Quality Information The following table represents credit exposures by creditworthiness category for the years ending December 31, 2021 and 2020. The use of creditworthiness categories to grade loans permits management to estimate a portion of credit risk. The Company’s internal creditworthiness is based on experience with similarly graded credits. The Company uses the definitions below for categorizing and managing its criticized loans. Loans categorized as “Pass” do not meet the criteria set forth below and are not considered criticized. Marginal — Loans in this category are presently protected from loss, but weaknesses are apparent which, if not corrected, could cause future problems. Loans in this category may not meet required underwriting criteria and have no mitigating factors. More than the ordinary amount of attention is warranted for these loans. Substandard — Loans in this category exhibit well-defined weaknesses that would typically bring normal repayment into jeopardy. These loans are no longer adequately protected due to well-defined weaknesses that affect the repayment capacity of the borrower. The possibility of loss is much more evident and above average supervision is required for these loans. Doubtful — Loans in this category have all the weaknesses inherent in a loan categorized as Substandard, with the characteristic that the weaknesses make collection or liquidation in full, on the basis of currently existing facts, conditions, and values, highly questionable and improbable. Loss — Loans in this category are of little value and are not warranted as a bankable asset. Non-accruals In general, a loan will be placed on non-accrual status at the end of the reporting month in which the interest or principal is past due more than 90 days. Exceptions to the policy are those loans that are in the process of collection and are well-secured. A well-secured loan is secured by collateral with sufficient market value to repay principal and all accrued interest. A summary of loans by risk rating is as follows: Real Estate Secured Construction & Land Residential Consumer & December 31, 2021 Development Real Estate Nonresidential Home Equity Commercial Other Total Dollars in Thousands Pass $ 107,339 $ 199,037 $ 622,648 $ 30,159 $ 128,949 $ 3,960 $ 1,092,092 Marginal 46 507 12,819 183 1,364 502 15,421 Substandard 598 1,686 6,750 53 595 — 9,682 TOTAL $ 107,983 $ 201,230 $ 642,217 $ 30,395 $ 130,908 $ 4,462 $ 1,117,195 Non-Accrual $ 598 $ 1,293 $ 6,486 $ — $ 584 $ — $ 8,961 Real Estate Secured Construction & Land Residential Consumer & December 31, 2020 Development Real Estate Nonresidential Home Equity Commercial Other Total Dollars in Thousands Pass $ 74,487 $ 195,599 $ 552,758 $ 33,479 $ 151,779 $ 4,681 $ 1,012,783 Marginal 44 575 12,542 693 420 — 14,274 Substandard 175 3,175 4,445 54 599 — 8,448 TOTAL $ 74,706 $ 199,349 $ 569,745 $ 34,226 $ 152,798 $ 4,681 $ 1,035,505 Non-Accrual $ 175 $ 2,022 $ 2,170 $ 54 $ 489 $ — $ 4,910 A summary of loans that were modified under the terms of a TDR during the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020 is shown below by class. The post-modification recorded balance reflects the period end balances, inclusive of any interest capitalized to principal, partial principal pay-downs, and principal charge-offs since the modification date. Loans modified as TDRs that were fully paid down, charged off, or foreclosed upon by period end are not reported. Real Estate Secured Construction & Land Residential Consumer & Development Real Estate Nonresidential Home Equity Commercial Other Total Dollars in Thousands Year ended December 31, 2021 Number of loans modified during the period — — 2 — — — 2 Pre-modification recorded balance $ — $ — $ 3,185 $ — $ — $ — $ 3,185 Post- modification recorded balance — — 2,905 — — — 2,905 Year ended December 31, 2020 Number of loans modified during the period — — — — 1 — 1 Pre-modification recorded balance $ — $ — $ — $ — $ 1,196 $ — $ 1,196 Post- modification recorded balance — — — — 489 — 489 During the year ended December 31, 2021, there were no loans modified as a TDR that subsequently defaulted which had been modified as a TDR during the twelve months prior to default. There was one loan modified as a TDR that subsequently defaulted during the year ended December 31, 2020 which had been modified as TDRs during the twelve months prior to default. This loan had a balance of $1.2 million prior to charge-off of $707 thousand. There were two loans secured by 1-4 family residential properties with an aggregate balance of $345 thousand that were in the process of foreclosure at December 31, 2021. There were two loans secured by 1-4 family residential properties with aggregate balances of $353 thousand that were in the process of foreclosure at December 31, 2020. The following table includes an aging analysis of the recorded investment of past due financing receivables as of December 31, 2021 and 2020: Recorded Investment Greater than Total >90 Days 30 - 59 Days 60 - 89 Days 90 Days Total Current Financing Past Due At December 31, 2021 Past Due* Past Due Past Due** Past Due Balance*** Receivables and Accruing Dollars in Thousands Real Estate Construction and land development $ — $ — $ 598 $ 598 $ 107,385 $ 107,983 $ — Residential real estate 658 245 361 1,264 199,966 201,230 — Nonresidential — — 2,915 2,915 639,302 642,217 — Home equity loans 160 — — 160 30,235 30,395 — Commercial 46 — 77 123 130,785 130,908 — Consumer and other loans 15 — — 15 4,447 4,462 — TOTAL $ 879 $ 245 $ 3,951 $ 5,075 $ 1,112,120 $ 1,117,195 $ — * Includes $55 thousand of non-accrual loans. ** Includes *** Includes Recorded Investment Greater than Total >90 Days 30 - 59 Days 60 - 89 Days 90 Days Total Current Financing Past Due At December 31, 2020 Past Due* Past Due** Past Due*** Past Due Balance**** Receivables and Accruing Dollars in Thousands Real Estate Construction and land development $ 642 $ 66 $ 175 $ 883 $ 73,823 $ 74,706 $ — Residential real estate 2,520 244 679 3,443 195,906 199,349 — Nonresidential 2,552 1,240 2,377 6,169 563,576 569,745 — Home equity loans 80 — 54 134 34,092 34,226 — Commercial 86 169 489 744 152,054 152,798 — Consumer and other loans 7 — 2 9 4,672 4,681 2 TOTAL $ 5,887 $ 1,719 $ 3,776 $ 11,382 $ 1,024,123 $ 1,035,505 $ 2 * Includes $683 thousand of non-accrual loans. ** Includes *** Includes $3.5 million of non-accrual loans. **** Includes $458 thousand of non-accrual loans. Impaired Loans Impaired loans are defined as non-accrual loans, TDRs, and loans risk rated substandard or above. When management identifies a loan as impaired, the impairment is measured for potential loss based on the present value of expected future cash flows, discounted at the loan's effective interest rate, except when the sole (remaining) source of repayment for the loan is the operation or liquidation of the collateral. In these cases management uses the current fair value of the collateral, less selling cost when foreclosure is probable, instead of discounted cash flows. If management determines that the value of the impaired loan is less than the recorded investment in the loan (net of previous charge-offs, deferred loan fees or costs and unamortized premium or discount), impairment is recognized through an allowance for credit losses estimate or a charge-off to the allowance for credit losses. When the ultimate collectability of the total principal of an impaired loan is in doubt and the loan is on non-accrual status, all payments are applied to principal, under the cost recovery method. When the ultimate collectability of the total principal of an impaired loan is not in doubt and the loan is on non-accrual status, contractual interest is credited to interest income when received, under the cash basis method. The following tables include the recorded investment and unpaid principal balance for impaired financing receivables, excluding PCI loans, with the associated allowance for credit losses amount, if applicable. Also presented are the average recorded investments in the impaired loans and the related amount of interest income recognized during the time within the period that the impaired loans were impaired. Unpaid Interest Average Recorded Principal Income Specific Recorded December 31, 2021 Investment Balance Recognized Reserve Investment Dollars in Thousands Impaired loans with specific reserves: Real Estate Mortgage Construction and land development $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — Residential real estate 426 426 22 3 433 Nonresidential 6,437 6,559 369 1,000 6,528 Home equity loans — — — — — Commercial 507 517 119 452 583 Consumer and other loans — — — — — Total impaired loans with specific reserves $ 7,370 $ 7,502 $ 510 $ 1,455 $ 7,544 Impaired loans with no specific reserve: Real Estate Mortgage Construction and land development $ 598 $ 598 $ 13 $ — $ 599 Residential real estate 1,656 1,687 26 — 1,698 Nonresidential 3,464 3,462 344 — 3,510 Home equity loans 53 53 1 — 53 Commercial 77 154 2 — 109 Consumer and other loans — — — — — Total impaired loans with no specific reserve $ 5,848 $ 5,954 $ 386 $ — $ 5,969 TOTAL $ 13,218 $ 13,456 $ 896 $ 1,455 $ 13,513 Total impaired loans of $13.2 million at December 31, 2021 do not include PCI loan balances of $2.2 million, which are net of a discount of $432 thousand. At December 31, 2021, there was $9 thousand in specific reserves related to PCI loans included in the allowance for credit losses. Unpaid Interest Average Recorded Principal Income Specific Recorded December 31, 2020 Investment Balance Recognized Reserve Investment Dollars in Thousands Impaired loans with specific reserves: Real Estate Mortgage Construction and land development $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — Residential real estate 614 614 — 156 671 Nonresidential 2,151 2,151 259 17 2,304 Home equity loans — — — — — Commercial 489 1,196 11 500 881 Consumer and other loans — — — — — Total impaired loans with specific reserves $ 3,254 $ 3,961 $ 270 $ 673 $ 3,856 Impaired loans with no specific reserve: Real Estate Mortgage Construction and land development $ 175 $ 175 $ — $ — $ 176 Residential real estate 2,333 2,425 107 — 2,365 Nonresidential 4,839 5,260 174 — 5,944 Home equity loans — — — — — Commercial — — — — — Consumer and other loans — — — — — Total impaired loans with no specific reserve $ 7,347 $ 7,860 $ 281 $ — $ 8,485 TOTAL $ 10,601 $ 11,821 $ 551 $ 673 $ 12,341 Total impaired loans of $10.6 million at December 31, 2020 do not include PCI loan balances of $4.5 million, which are net of a discount of $644 thousand. At December 31, 2020, there was All acquired loans were initially recorded at fair value at the acquisition date. The outstanding balance and the carrying amount of acquired loans included in the consolidated balance sheet are as follows: Dollars in Thousands December 31, 2021 December 31, 2020 Accountable for under ASC 310-30 (PCI loans) Outstanding balance $ 2,613 $ 5,125 Carrying amount 2,181 4,481 Accountable for under ASC 310-20 (non-PCI loans) Outstanding balance $ 203,596 $ 303,363 Carrying amount 201,700 300,002 Total acquired loans Outstanding balance $ 206,209 $ 308,488 Carrying amount 203,881 304,483 The following table provides changes in accretable yield for all acquired loans accounted for under ASC 310-20: Dollars in Thousands December 31, 2021 December 31, 2020 Balance at beginning of period $ 3,361 $ 5,081 Acquisitions — (1) Accretion (1,464) (1,718) Other changes, net (1) (1) Balance at end of period $ 1,896 $ 3,361 During the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020, the Company recorded $36 thousand and $15 thousand, respectively, in accretion on acquired loans accounted for under ASC 310-30. Non-accretable yield on PCI loans was $1.4 million and $1.6 million at December 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively. The Company had no commitments to loan additional funds to the borrowers of restructured, impaired, or non-accrual loans as of December 31, 2021 and 2020. Concentration of Risk: The Company makes loans to customers located primarily within Anne Arundel, Charles, Calvert, St. Mary’s, Wicomico and Worcester Counties, Maryland, Sussex County, Delaware, Camden and Burlington Counties, New Jersey, the Greater Fredericksburg, Virginia area (Stafford County, Spotsylvania County, King George County, Caroline County, and the City of Fredericksburg, Virginia) and the Greater Washington area (the District of Columbia, Arlington County, Clarke County, Fairfax County, Fauquier County, Loudoun County, Prince William County, Warren County, and the Cities of Alexandria, Fairfax, Falls Church, Manassas, Manassas Park, and Reston, Virginia) . A substantial portion of its loan portfolio consists of residential and commercial real estate mortgages. The ability of the Company’s debtors to honor their contracts is dependent upon the real estate and general economic conditions in these areas. Included in the amounts listed above are loans receivable from directors, principal officers, and stockholders of $22.0 million and $19.8 million at December 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively. During the years ending December 31, 2021 and 2020, loan additions totaled $9.8 million and $12.6 million , respectively. During the years ending December 31, 2021 and 2020, repayments totaled |