Investments | Note 3 – Investments Available for Sale Securities – Fixed Maturity and Equity Securities The Company’s insurance subsidiary is regulated by insurance statutes and regulations as to the type of investments they are permitted to make, and the amount of funds that may be used for any one type of investment. Investments in available for sale securities are summarized as follows: June 30, 2017 Original or Amortized Cost Gross Unrealized Gains Gross Unrealized Losses Estimated Fair Value Investments available for sale: Fixed maturities U.S. Government and govt. agencies and authorities $ 7,677,783 $ 51,149 $ (71,452 ) $ 7,657,480 U.S. special revenue and assessments 9,998,384 840,533 (8,973 ) 10,829,944 All other corporate bonds 150,412,792 20,946,796 (454,384 ) 170,905,204 168,088,959 21,838,478 (534,809 ) 189,392,628 Equity securities 38,166,461 16,885,577 (2,122,280 ) 52,929,758 Total $ 206,255,420 $ 38,724,055 $ (2,657,089 ) $ 242,322,386 December 31, 2016 Original or Amortized Cost Gross Unrealized Gains Gross Unrealized Losses Estimated Fair Value Investments available for sale: Fixed maturities U.S. Government and govt. agencies and authorities $ 9,058,210 $ 74,581 $ (96,981 ) $ 9,035,810 U.S. special revenue and assessments 10,145,531 1,002,789 (14,043 ) 11,134,277 All other corporate bonds 151,392,119 17,234,691 (1,557,179 ) 167,069,631 170,595,860 18,312,061 (1,668,203 ) 187,239,718 Equity securities 37,014,712 15,214,862 (522,471 ) 51,707,103 Total $ 207,610,572 $ 33,526,923 $ (2,190,674 ) $ 238,946,821 The amortized cost and estimated market value of debt securities at June 30, 2017, by contractual maturity, is shown below. Expected maturities will differ from contractual maturities because borrowers may have the right to call or prepay obligations with or without call or prepayment penalties. Fixed Maturities Available for Sale June 30, 2017 Amortized Cost Estimated Fair Value Due in one year or less $ 6,156,866 $ 6,276,044 Due after one year through five years 31,184,767 43,957,336 Due after five years through ten years 44,147,980 48,599,782 Due after ten years 86,599,346 90,559,466 Total $ 168,088,959 $ 189,392,628 The fair value of investments with sustained gross unrealized losses at June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016 are as follows: June 30, 2017 Less than 12 months 12 months or longer Total Fair value Unrealized losses Fair value Unrealized losses Fair value Unrealized losses U.S. Government and govt. agencies and authorities $ 6,605,409 $ (71,452 ) $ - $ - $ 6,605,409 $ (71,452 ) U.S. special revenue and assessments 979,770 (8,974 ) - - 979,770 (8,974 ) All other corporate bonds 18,527,248 (325,616 ) 1,863,740 (128,767 ) 20,390,988 (454,383 ) Total fixed maturities $ 26,112,427 $ (406,042 ) $ 1,863,740 (128,767 ) $ 27,976,167 (534,809 ) Equity securities $ 5,128,555 $ (2,122,280 ) $ - $ - $ 5,128,555 $ (2,122,280 ) December 31, 2016 Less than 12 months 12 months or longer Total Fair value Unrealized losses Fair value Unrealized losses Fair value Unrealized losses U.S. Government and govt. agencies and authorities $ 6,578,248 $ (96,981 ) $ 0 $ 0 $ 6,578,248 $ (96,981 ) U.S. special revenue and assessments 974,250 (14,043 ) 0 0 974,250 (14,043 ) All other corporate bonds 50,161,487 (1,408,828 ) 4,023,510 (148,351 ) 54,184,997 (1,557,179 ) Total fixed maturities $ 57,713,985 $ (1,519,852 ) $ 4,023,510 (148,351 ) $ 61,737,495 (1,668,203 ) Equity securities $ 4,703,033 $ (522,471 ) $ 0 $ 0 $ 4,703,033 $ (522,471 ) Additional information regarding investments in an unrealized loss position is as follows: Less than 12 months 12 months or longer Total As of June 30, 2017 Fixed maturities 14 1 15 Equity securities 4 - 4 As of December 31, 2016 Fixed maturities 25 3 28 Equity securities 3 - 3 Substantially all of the unrealized losses on fixed maturities available for sale and equity securities at June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016 are attributable to changes in market interest rates and general disruptions in the credit market subsequent to purchase. The Company does not currently intend to sell nor does it expect to be required to sell any of the securities in an unrealized loss position. Based upon the Company’s expected continuation of receipt of contractually required principal and interest payments and its intent and ability to retain the securities until price recovery, as well as the Company’s evaluation of other relevant factors, the Company deems these securities to be temporarily impaired as of June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016. Other-Than-Temporary Impairments The Company regularly reviews its investment securities for factors that may indicate that a decline in fair value of an investment is other than temporary. The factors considered by Management in its regular review to identify and recognize other-than-temporary impairment losses on fixed maturities include, but are not limited to: the length of time and extent to which the fair value has been less than cost; the Company’s intent to sell, or be required to sell, the debt security before the anticipated recovery of its remaining amortized cost basis; the financial condition and near-term prospects of the issuer; adverse changes in ratings announced by one or more rating agencies; subordinated credit support, whether the issuer of a debt security has remained current on principal and interest payments; current expected cash flows; whether the decline in fair value appears to be issuer specific or, alternatively, a reflection of general market or industry conditions, including the effect of changes in market interest rates. If the Company intends to sell a debt security, or it is more likely than not that it would be required to sell a debt security before the recovery of its amortized cost basis, the entire difference between the security’s amortized cost basis and its fair value at the balance sheet date would be recognized by a charge to other-than-temporary losses in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations. Equity securities may experience other-than-temporary impairments in the future based on the prospects for full recovery in value in a reasonable period of time and the Company’s ability and intent to hold the security to recovery. If a decline in fair value is judged by Management to be other-than-temporary or Management does not have the intent or ability to hold a security, a loss is recognized by a charge to other-than-temporary impairment losses in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations. Management regularly reviews its real estate portfolio in comparison to appraisal valuations and current market conditions for indications of other-than-temporary impairments. If a decline in value is judged by Management to be other-than-temporary, a loss is recognized by a charge to other-than-temporary impairment losses in the Consolidated Statements of Operations. Based on Management's review of the investment portfolio, the Company did not record any losses for other-than-temporary impairments in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations for the six-month period ended June 30, 2017 and 2016. Trading Securities Securities designated as trading securities are reported at fair value, with gains or losses resulting from changes in fair value recognized in net investment income on the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations. Trading securities include exchange-traded equities and exchange-traded options. Trading securities carried as liabilities are securities sold short. A gain, limited to the price at which the security was sold short, or a loss, potentially unlimited in size, will be recognized upon the termination of the short sale. The fair value of derivatives included in trading security assets and trading security liabilities as of June 30, 2017 was $0 and $0, respectively. The fair value of derivatives included in trading security assets and trading security liabilities as of December 31, 2016 was $2,500 and $(1,439), respectively. Earnings from trading securities are classified in cash flows from operating activities. The derivatives held by the Company are for income generation purposes only. Trading revenue charged to net investment income from trading securities was: Three Months Ended June 30, 2017 2016 Net unrealized gains (losses) $ - $ 24,938 Net realized gains (losses) - - Net unrealized and realized gains (losses) $ - $ 24,938 Six Months Ended June 30, 2017 2016 Net unrealized gains (losses) $ (111,531 ) $ 39,477 Net realized gains (losses) 110,470 - Net unrealized and realized gains (losses) $ (1,061 ) $ 39,477 Mortgage Loans The Company, from time to time, acquires mortgage loans through participation agreements with FSNB. FSNB has been able to provide the Company with additional expertise and experience in underwriting commercial and residential mortgage loans, which provide more attractive yields than the traditional bond market. The Company is able to receive participations from FSNB for three primary reasons: 1) FSNB has already reached its maximum lending limit to a single borrower, but the borrower is still considered a suitable risk; 2) the interest rate on a particular loan may be fixed for a long period that is more suitable for UG given its asset-liability structure; and 3) FSNB’s loan growth might at times outpace its deposit growth, resulting in FSNB participating such excess loan growth rather than turning customers away. For originated loans, the Company’s Management is responsible for the final approval of such loans after evaluation. Before a new loan is issued, the applicant is subject to certain criteria set forth by Company Management to ensure quality control. These criteria include, but are not limited to, a credit report, personal financial information such as outstanding debt, sources of income, and personal equity. Once the loan is approved, the Company directly funds the loan to the borrower. The Company bears all risk of loss associated with the terms of the mortgage with the borrower. Approximately 12% of the mortgage loan portfolio consists of discounted commercial mortgage loans as of June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016. The Company began purchasing discounted commercial mortgage loans in 2009. Management has extensive background and experience in the analysis and valuation of commercial real estate. The discounted loans are available through the FDIC’s sale of assets of closed banks and from banks wanting to reduce their loan portfolios. The loans are available on a loan by loan bid process. Once a loan has been acquired, contact is made with the appropriate individuals to begin a dialog with a goal of determining the borrower’s willingness to work together. There are generally three paths a discounted loan will take: the borrowers pay as required; a settlement is reached with the loan being paid off at a discounted value; or the loan is foreclosed. During 2017 and 2016, the Company acquired $305,000 and $6,935,273 in mortgage loans, respectively, including both regular participation mortgage loans as well as discounted mortgage loans. FSNB services the majority of the Company’s mortgage loan portfolio. The Company pays FSNB a .25% servicing fee on these loans and a one-time fee at loan origination of .50% of the original loan cost to cover costs incurred by FSNB relating to the processing and establishment of the loan. During 2017 and 2016, the maximum and minimum lending rates for mortgage loans were: 2017 2016 Maximum rate Minimum rate Maximum rate Minimum rate Farm Loans 5.00 % 5.00 % 5.00 % 5.00 % Commercial Loans 8.00 % 4.00 % 8.00 % 4.00 % Residential Loans 8.00 % 3.94 % 8.00 % 3.94 % Most mortgage loans are first position loans. Loans issued are generally limited to no more than 80% of the appraised value of the property. The Company has in place a monitoring system to provide Management with information regarding potential troubled loans. Letters are sent to each mortgagee when the loan becomes 30 days or more delinquent. Management is provided with a monthly listing of loans that are 60 days or more past due along with a brief description of what steps are being taken to resolve the delinquency. All loans 90 days or more past due are placed on a non-performing status and classified as delinquent loans. Quarterly, coinciding with external financial reporting, the Company reviews each delinquent loan and determines how each delinquent loan should be classified. Management believes the current internal controls surrounding the mortgage loan selection process provide a quality portfolio with minimal risk of foreclosure and/or negative financial impact. Changes in the current economy could have a negative impact on the loans, including the financial stability of the borrowers, the borrowers’ ability to pay or to refinance, the value of the property held as collateral and the ability to find purchasers at favorable prices. Given the uncertainty of the current market, Management has taken a conservative approach with the discounted mortgage loans and has classified all discounted mortgage loans held as non-accrual. In such status, the Company is not recording any accrued interest income nor is it recording any accrual of discount on the loans held. The Company records repayments on loans as discount accrual when the loan basis has been paid in full. On the remainder of the mortgage loan portfolio, interest accruals are analyzed based on the likelihood of repayment. In no event will interest continue to accrue when accrued interest along with the outstanding principal exceeds the net realizable value of the property. The Company does not utilize a specified number of days delinquent to cause an automatic non-accrual status. A mortgage loan reserve is established and adjusted based on Management's quarterly analysis of the portfolio and any deterioration in value of the underlying property which would reduce the net realizable value of the property below its current carrying value. The Company acquired the discounted mortgage loans at below contract value, and believes that it will fully recover its carrying value upon disposal, therefore no reserve for delinquent loans is deemed necessary. Those not currently paying are being vigorously worked by Management. The current discounted commercial mortgage loan portfolio has an average price of 32% of face value as of June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016. Management has determined that this deep discount provides a financial cushion or built in allowance for any of the loans that are not currently performing within the portfolio of loans purchased. The mortgage loan reserve was $0 at June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016. The following table summarizes the number of loans held in the discounted mortgage loan portfolio and the carrying value of the loans: June 30, 2017 Payment Frequency Number of Loans Carrying Value No payments received 8 $ - One-time payment received 1 - Irregular payments received 2 20,834 Periodic payments received 5 2,119,854 Total 16 $ 2,140,688 December 31, 2016 Payment Frequency Number of Loans Carrying Value No payments received 8 $ - One-time payment received 1 - Irregular payments received 2 20,834 Periodic payments received 5 2,168,062 Total 16 $ 2,188,896 The following table summarizes the mortgage loan holdings of the Company for the periods ended: June 30, 2017 December 31, 2016 In good standing $ 16,237,810 $ 16,388,477 Overdue interest over 90 days 20,834 20,834 Restructured 55,827 60,827 In process of foreclosure 2,064,028 2,107,234 Total mortgage loans $ 18,378,499 $ 18,577,372 Total foreclosed loans during the year $ - $ 735,000 Investment Real Estate Real estate acquired through foreclosure, consisting of properties obtained through foreclosure proceedings or acceptance of a deed in lieu of foreclosure, is reported on an individual asset basis at the lower of cost or fair value, less disposal costs. Fair value is determined on the basis of current appraisals, comparable sales, and other estimates of value obtained principally from independent sources. When properties are acquired through foreclosure, any excess of the loan balance at the time of foreclosure over the fair value of the real estate held as collateral is recognized and charged to the Consolidated Statements of Operations. Based upon Management’s evaluation of the real estate acquired through foreclosure, additional expense is recorded when necessary in an amount sufficient to reflect any declines in estimated fair value. Gains and losses recognized on the disposition of the properties are recorded as realized gains and losses in the Consolidated Statements of Operations. Notes Receivable Notes receivable represent collateral loans and promissory notes issued by the Company and are reported at their unpaid principal balances, adjusted for valuation allowances. Valuation allowances are established for impaired loans when it is probable that contractual principal and interest will not be collected. The valuation allowance as of June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016 was $0. Interest accruals are analyzed based on the likelihood of repayment. The Company does not utilize a specified number of days delinquent to cause an automatic non-accrual status. Before a new note is issued, the applicant is subject to certain criteria set forth by Company Management to ensure quality control. Once the note is approved, the Company directly funds the note to the borrower. Several of the notes have participation agreements in place, whereas the Company has reduced its investment in the note receivable by participating a portion of the note to a third party. Similar to the mortgage loans, FSNB services several of the notes receivable. The Company, and the participants in the notes, share in the risk of loss associated with the terms of the note with the borrower, based upon their ownership percentage in the note. The Company has in place a monitoring system to provide Management with information regarding potential troubled loans. |