As filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission on July 3, 2012
Securities Act File No. 333-181285
UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM N-14
REGISTRATION STATEMENT
UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933 x
Pre-Effective Amendment No. 1 x
Post-Effective Amendment No. o
(Check appropriate box or boxes)
Morgan Stanley Institutional Fund, Inc.
(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in Charter)
522 Fifth Avenue
New York, New York 10036
(Address of Principal Executive Offices: (Number, Street, City, State, Zip Code))
(212) 296-6970
(Area Code and Telephone Number)
Stefanie V. Chang Yu, Esq.
Morgan Stanley Investment Management Inc.
522 Fifth Avenue
New York, New York 10036
(Name and Address of Agent for Service)
Copy to:
Carl Frischling, Esq. Kramer Levin Naftalis & Frankel LLP 1177 Avenue of the Americas New York, New York 10036 | Stuart M. Strauss, Esq. Dechert LLP 1095 Avenue of the Americas New York, New York 10036 | ||||||
Approximate Date of Proposed Public Offering: As soon as practicable after the effective date of this Registration Statement.
No filing fee is required because an indefinite number of common shares of beneficial interest of Morgan Stanley Institutional Fund, Inc. have previously been registered pursuant to Rule 24f-2 under the Investment Company Act of 1940.
The Registrant hereby amends this Registration Statement on such date or dates as may be necessary to delay its effective date until the Registrant shall file a further amendment which specifically states that this Registration Statement shall thereafter become effective in accordance with Section 8(a) of the Securities Act of 1933 or until this Registration Statement shall become effective on such date as the Commission, acting pursuant to said Section 8(a), may determine.
MORGAN STANLEY FRONTIER
EMERGING MARKETS FUND, INC.
522 Fifth Avenue
New York, NY 10036
(800) 231-2608
NOTICE OF SPECIAL MEETING OF STOCKHOLDERS
TO BE HELD AUGUST 22, 2012
To the Stockholders of Morgan Stanley Frontier Emerging Markets Fund, Inc.:
Notice is hereby given of a Special Meeting of Stockholders (the "Meeting") of Morgan Stanley Frontier Emerging Markets Fund, Inc. (the "Acquired Fund"), to be held in Conference Room 3N, 3rd Floor, 522 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY 10036, at 9:00 a.m., New York time, on August 22, 2012, and any adjournments or postponements thereof, for the following purposes:
1. To consider and vote upon a proposal to approve the actions and transactions described in that certain Agreement and Plan of Reorganization, dated April 25, 2012 (the "Reorganization Agreement"), between the Acquired Fund and Morgan Stanley Institutional Fund, Inc. (the "Company"), on behalf of the Frontier Emerging Markets Portfolio (the "Acquiring Fund"), pursuant to which all of the assets and liabilities of the Acquired Fund will be transferred to the Acquiring Fund, a newly created series of the Company, in exchange for Class I shares of common stock of the Acquiring Fund and pursuant to which the Acquired Fund will be dissolved (the "Reorganization"). As a result of this transaction, stockholders of the Acquired Fund will become stockholders of the Acquiring Fund receiving Class I shares of common stock of the Acquiring Fund with a value equal to the aggregate net asset value of their common shares of the Acquired Fund held immediately prior to the Reorganization; and
2. To act upon such other matters as may properly come before the Meeting.
The Reorganization is more fully described in the accompanying Proxy Statement and Prospectus and a copy of the Reorganization Agreement is attached as Exhibit A thereto. Stockholders of record of the Acquired Fund at the close of business on June 7, 2012 are entitled to notice of, and to vote at, the Meeting. Please read the Proxy Statement and Prospectus carefully before telling us, through your Proxy or in person, how you wish your common shares to be voted. Alternatively, if you are eligible to vote telephonically by touchtone telephone or electronically on the Internet (as discussed in the enclosed Proxy Statement and Prospectus), you may do so in lieu of attending the Meeting in person. The Board of Directors of the Acquired Fund recommends you vote in favor of the Reorganization. WE URGE YOU TO PROMPTLY SIGN, DATE AND MAIL THE ENCLOSED PROXY OR RECORD YOUR VOTE ELECTRONICALLY VIA TELEPHONE OR THE INTERNET.
By Order of the Board of Directors,
Mary E. Mullin
Secretary
July 3, 2012
You can help avoid the necessity and expense of sending follow-up letters to ensure a quorum by promptly returning the enclosed Proxy. If you are unable to be present in person, please fill in, sign and return the enclosed Proxy in order that the necessary quorum be represented at the Meeting. The enclosed envelope requires no postage if mailed in the United States. Stockholders will be able to vote telephonically by touchtone telephone or electronically on the Internet by following instructions on their proxy cards or on the enclosed Voting Information Card.
MORGAN STANLEY INSTITUTIONAL FUND, INC.
FRONTIER EMERGING MARKETS PORTFOLIO
522 Fifth Avenue
New York, NY 10036
(800) 548-7786
This Proxy Statement and Prospectus is being furnished to stockholders ("Stockholders") of Morgan Stanley Frontier Emerging Markets Fund, Inc. (the "Acquired Fund"), in connection with a Special Meeting of Stockholders (the "Meeting") to be held in Conference Room 3N, 3rd Floor, 522 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY 10036, at 9:00 a.m., New York time, on August 22, 2012, and any adjournments or postponements thereof, for the following purposes:
1. To consider and vote upon a proposal to approve the actions and transactions described in that certain Agreement and Plan of Reorganization, dated April 25, 2012 (the "Reorganization Agreement"), between the Acquired Fund and Morgan Stanley Institutional Fund, Inc. (the "Company"), on behalf of the Frontier Emerging Markets Portfolio (the "Acquiring Fund" and together with the Acquired Fund, the "Funds"), pursuant to which all of the assets and liabilities of the Acquired Fund will be transferred to the Acquiring Fund, a newly created series of the Company, in exchange for Class I shares of common stock of the Acquiring Fund and pursuant to which the Acquired Fund will be dissolved (the "Reorganization"). As a result of this transaction, Stockholders of the Acquired Fund will become stockholders of the Acquiring Fund receiving Class I shares of common stock of the Acquiring Fund with a value equal to the aggregate net asset value of their common shares of the Acquired Fund held immediately prior to the Reorganization.
The terms and conditions of the transaction are more fully described in this Proxy Statement and Prospectus and in the Reorganization Agreement attached hereto as Exhibit A. The address and telephone number of the Acquired Fund is that of the Acquiring Fund set forth above. This Proxy Statement also constitutes a Prospectus of the Acquiring Fund, filed by the Company with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the "Commission") as part of the Company's Registration Statement on Form N-14 (the "Registration Statement").
The Company is an open-end management investment company. The investment objective of the Acquiring Fund is to seek long-term capital appreciation.
This Proxy Statement and Prospectus sets forth concisely information about the Acquiring Fund that Stockholders of the Acquired Fund should know before voting on the Reorganization Agreement. A copy of the Prospectus for the Acquiring Fund, dated June 26, 2012, is attached as Exhibit B and incorporated herein by reference. In addition, incorporated herein by reference is the Annual Report of the Acquired Fund for the fiscal year ended October 31, 2011 and its succeeding Semi-Annual Report for the six months ended April 30, 2012. A Statement of Additional Information relating to the Reorganization, described in this Proxy Statement and Prospectus, dated July 3, 2012, has been filed with the Commission and is also incorporated herein by reference. Such documents are available upon request and without charge by calling (800) 231-2608 (toll-free) with respect to the Acquired Fund and (800) 548-7786 with respect to the Acquiring Fund or by visiting the Commission's website at www.sec.gov. The common shares of the Acquired Fund are listed on the New York Stock Exchange ("NYSE") under the ticker symbol "FFD" and will be delisted from the NYSE following the Reorganization. Reports, proxy statements and other information concerning the Acquired Fund can be inspected at 11 Wall Street, New York, NY 10005.
Stockholders are advised to read and retain this Proxy Statement and Prospectus for future reference.
The Securities and Exchange Commission has not approved or disapproved these securities or passed upon the adequacy of this Prospectus. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.
This Proxy Statement and Prospectus is dated July 3, 2012.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
PROXY STATEMENT AND PROSPECTUS
Page | |||||||
Synopsis | 1 | ||||||
General | 1 | ||||||
The Reorganization | 1 | ||||||
Fee Table | 2 | ||||||
Portfolio Turnover | 3 | ||||||
Tax Consequences of the Reorganization | 3 | ||||||
Comparison of the Acquired Fund and Acquiring Fund | 3 | ||||||
Foreign Stockholders | 7 | ||||||
Record Date; Quorum | 7 | ||||||
Proxies | 7 | ||||||
Expenses of Solicitation | 8 | ||||||
Vote Required | 8 | ||||||
Principal Risk Factors | 9 | ||||||
The Reorganization | 10 | ||||||
The Board's Considerations | 10 | ||||||
The Reorganization Agreement | 12 | ||||||
Tax Aspects of the Reorganization | 13 | ||||||
Description of Shares | 14 | ||||||
Capitalization Table (unaudited) | 14 | ||||||
Appraisal Rights | 14 | ||||||
Comparison of Investment Objectives, Policies and Restrictions | 15 | ||||||
Investment Objectives and Policies | 15 | ||||||
Investment Restrictions | 16 | ||||||
Financial Highlights | 16 | ||||||
Financial Information | 18 | ||||||
Additional Information About the Funds | 18 | ||||||
General | 18 | ||||||
Rights of Acquired Fund Stockholders and Acquiring Fund Stockholders | 18 | ||||||
Management | 20 | ||||||
Description of Shares and Stockholders Inquiries | 21 | ||||||
Trading History and Share Price Data | 22 | ||||||
Dividends, Distributions and Taxes; Dividend Reinvestment Plan | 23 | ||||||
Purchases, Exchanges and Redemptions | 24 | ||||||
Share Information | 24 | ||||||
Principal Risk Factors | 24 | ||||||
Additional Risk Considerations | 30 | ||||||
Financial Statements and Experts | 35 | ||||||
Legal Matters | 35 | ||||||
Available Information | 35 | ||||||
Other Business | 36 | ||||||
Exhibit A – Form of Agreement and Plan of Reorganization | A-1 | ||||||
Exhibit B – Prospectus of Acquiring Fund dated June 26, 2012 | B-1 | ||||||
SYNOPSIS
The following is a synopsis of certain information contained in or incorporated by reference in this Proxy Statement and Prospectus. This synopsis is only a summary and is qualified in its entirety by the more detailed information contained or incorporated by reference in this Proxy Statement and Prospectus and the Reorganization Agreement. Stockholders should carefully review this Proxy Statement and Prospectus and the Reorganization Agreement in their entirety and, in particular, the Acquiring Fund's Prospectus, which is attached to this Proxy Statement and Prospectus as Exhibit B and incorporated herein by reference.
General
This Proxy Statement and Prospectus is being furnished to the Stockholders of the Acquired Fund in connection with the solicitation by the Board of Directors (the "Board") of the Acquired Fund, a diversified closed-end management investment company, of proxies ("Proxies") to be used at the Meeting to consider the Reorganization. It is expected that the first mailing of this Proxy Statement and Prospectus will be made on or about July 9, 2012.
At the Meeting, Stockholders of the Acquired Fund will consider and vote upon the actions and transactions described in the Reorganization Agreement. Pursuant to the Reorganization, Stockholders of the Acquired Fund will receive Class I shares of the Acquiring Fund. The shares to be issued by the Acquiring Fund pursuant to the Reorganization (the "Acquiring Fund Shares") will be issued at net asset value ("NAV") without any sales charges. The Acquiring Fund Shares will not be registered for sale in any non-U.S. jurisdiction and therefore non-U.S. Stockholders will only be able to hold and redeem the Acquiring Fund Shares. Further information relating to the Acquiring Fund is set forth herein and in the Acquiring Fund's current Prospectus, dated June 26, 2012 (the "Acquiring Fund's Prospectus"), attached to this Proxy Statement and Prospectus as Exhibit B and incorporated herein by reference. The Company's Board of Directors has authorized the issuance of the Acquiring Fund Shares to Stockholders of the Acquired Fund in connection with the Reorganization.
The information concerning the Acquired Fund contained herein has been supplied by the Acquired Fund. The information concerning the Acquiring Fund contained herein has been supplied by the Company, on behalf of the Acquiring Fund.
The Reorganization
The Reorganization is being proposed because the Board of Directors of the Acquired Fund has determined that it is in the best interests of the Acquired Fund and its Stockholders. The Reorganization will allow Stockholders to capture the value of the discount between market price and NAV of the shares, if any, at the time of the Reorganization and to have daily liquidity at NAV. In addition, the Reorganization will allow Stockholders to be invested in a fund that is managed according to identical investment objectives and substantially similar investment strategies and restrictions. The Acquiring Fund has a lower advisory fee, but a higher total expense ratio than the Acquired Fund; however, the Acquiring Fund's investment adviser, Morgan Stanley Investment Management Inc. ("MSIM"), has agreed to waive fees so that the total expense ratio of the Class I shares of the Acquiring Fund will not exceed 1.85% for at least one year. There is no assurance that MSIM will continue to waive these fees and therefore the total expense ratio of the Class I shares of the Acquiring Fund may be higher in the future. See "The Reorganization—The Board's Considerations."
The Reorganization Agreement provides for the transfer of all the assets of the Acquired Fund, and the assumption of the liabilities, to the Acquiring Fund in exchange for the Acquiring Fund Shares. The aggregate NAV of the Acquiring Fund Shares issued in the exchange will equal the aggregate value of the net assets of the Acquired Fund received by the Acquiring Fund. On or after the closing date scheduled for the Reorganization (the "Closing Date"), the Acquired Fund will distribute the Acquiring Fund Shares received by the Acquired Fund to its Stockholders as of the Valuation Date (as defined below) in complete liquidation of the Acquired Fund, and the Acquired Fund will thereafter be deregistered under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the "1940 Act") and dissolved under Maryland law, the state of its incorporation. As a result of the Reorganization, each Stockholder of the Acquired Fund will receive that number of full and fractional Acquiring Fund Shares equal in value to such Stockholder's pro rata interest in the net assets of the Acquired Fund transferred to the Acquiring Fund. Pursuant to the Reorganization, Stockholders of the Acquired Fund will receive Class I shares of the Acquiring Fund. The Board has determined that the interests of Stockholders will not be diluted as a result of the
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Reorganization. The "Valuation Date" is the date, following the receipt of the requisite approval of the Reorganization Agreement by the Stockholders of the Acquired Fund or at such other time as the Acquired Fund and Acquiring Fund may agree, on which date the number of Acquiring Fund Shares to be delivered to the Acquired Fund will be determined.
For the reasons set forth below under "The Reorganization—The Board's Considerations," the Board, including the Directors who are not "interested persons" of the Acquired Fund ("Independent Board Members"), as that term is defined in the 1940 Act, has concluded that the Reorganization is advisable and in the best interests of the Acquired Fund and its Stockholders and recommends approval of the Reorganization.
Fee Table
The following tables briefly describe the stockholder fees and annual Fund operating expenses that stockholders of the Funds bear directly and indirectly from an investment in the Funds. Stockholder fees will not be charged on those Acquired Fund Shares received in connection with the Reorganization. Each Fund pays expenses for management of its assets, distribution of its shares and other services, and those expenses are reflected in the NAV per share of each Fund. These expenses are deducted from each respective Fund's assets and are based on actual expenses incurred by the Acquired Fund for its fiscal year ended October 31, 2011. The tables set forth pro forma fees for the surviving combined fund (i.e., the Acquiring Fund) (the "Combined Fund") reflecting what the fee schedule would have been on December 31, 2011, if the Reorganization had been consummated twelve (12) months prior to that date.
Stockholder Fees
(fees paid directly from your investment)
Acquired Fund | Acquiring Fund—Class I | Pro Forma Combined Fund (Acquiring Fund—Class I) | |||||||||||||
Redemption Fee (as a percentage of the amount redeemed on redemptions made within 30 days of purchase) | None | 2.00 | % | 2.00 | % |
Annual Fund Operating Expenses
(expenses that are deducted from Fund assets)
Acquired Fund | Acquiring Fund—Class I | Pro Forma Combined Fund (Acquiring Fund—Class I) | |||||||||||||
Advisory Fees | 1.50 | % | 1.25 | % | 1.25 | % | |||||||||
Distribution and/or Service (12b-1) Fees | None | None | None | ||||||||||||
Other Expenses | 0.53 | % | 0.91 | %‡ | 0.91 | %‡ | |||||||||
Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses | 2.03 | % | 2.16 | %* | 2.16 | %* | |||||||||
Fee Waiver and/or Expense Reimbursement | N/A | 0.31 | %* | 0.31 | %* | ||||||||||
Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses After Fee Waiver and/or Expense Reimbursement | 2.03 | % | 1.85 | %* | 1.85 | %* |
‡ Other expenses for the Acquiring Fund have been estimated for the current fiscal year.
* MSIM has agreed to reduce its advisory fee and/or reimburse the Acquiring Fund so that Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses, excluding certain investment related expenses, will not exceed 1.85% for Class I. The fee waivers and/or expense reimbursements will continue for at least one year or until such time as the Company's Board of Directors acts to discontinue all or a portion of such waivers and/or reimbursements when it deems such action is appropriate.
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Example
To attempt to show the effect of these expenses on an investment over time, the hypothetical shown below has been created. The example assumes that an investor invests $10,000 in either the Acquired Fund or Acquiring Fund, that the investment has a 5% return each year and that the operating expenses for each Fund remain the same (as set forth in the chart above). Although a stockholder's actual costs may be higher or lower, the table below shows a stockholder's costs at the end of each period based on these assumptions.
Acquired Fund | Acquiring Fund—Class I | Pro Forma Combined Fund (Acquiring Fund—Class I) | |||||||||||||
1 Year | $ | 206 | $ | 188 | $ | 188 | |||||||||
3 Years | $ | 637 | $ | 582 | $ | 582 | |||||||||
5 Years | $ | 1,093 | $ | 1,001 | $ | 1,001 | |||||||||
10 Years | $ | 2,358 | $ | 2,169 | $ | 2,169 |
The purpose of the foregoing fee table is to assist the stockholder in understanding the various costs and expenses that a stockholder in each Fund will bear directly or indirectly. To the extent that MSIM decides not to continue its advisory fee waiver and/or reimbursements beyond the one year period or in the event the Board of Directors of the Company acts to discontinue all or a portion of such waivers and/or reimbursements, the total expenses of the Combined Fund may be higher than those of the Acquired Fund.
For a more complete description of these costs and expenses, see "Comparison of the Acquired Fund and Acquiring Fund—Investment Advisory Fees," "—Distribution Plan and Shareholder Services Plan Fees," "—Other Significant Fees" and "—Purchases, Exchanges and Redemptions" below.
Portfolio Turnover
Each Fund pays transaction costs, such as commissions, when it buys and sells securities (or "turns over" its portfolio). A higher portfolio turnover rate may indicate higher transaction costs and may result in higher taxes when Fund shares are held in a taxable account. These costs, which are not reflected in Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses or in the Example, affect Fund performance.
Tax Consequences of the Reorganization
As a condition to the Reorganization, the Acquired Fund has requested an opinion of Dechert LLP to the effect, based upon certain facts, assumptions and representations, that the Reorganization will constitute a tax-free reorganization for U.S. federal income tax purposes, and no gain or loss will be recognized by the Acquired Fund, the Acquiring Fund or the Acquired Fund's Stockholders for U.S. federal income tax purposes as a result of the transactions included in the Reorganization. Receipt of such opinion is a condition to the Reorganization. The opinion does not address the tax consequences of the proposed Reorganization in any non-U.S. jurisdiction. For further information about the tax consequences of the Reorganization, see "The Reorganization—Tax Aspects of the Reorganization" below.
Comparison of the Acquired Fund and Acquiring Fund
Investment Objectives and Principal Investment Policies. The investment objective and principal investment policies of each Fund are substantially similar and are set forth below. Each Fund is a diversified fund. The principal differences between the investment policies of the Acquired Fund and the Acquiring Fund are more fully described under "Comparison of Investment Objectives, Policies and Restrictions" below. Each Fund's investment objective is not fundamental and may be changed by its Board.
Acquired Fund | Acquiring Fund | ||||||
Investment Objective | Investment Objective | ||||||
• seeks long-term capital appreciation | • seeks long-term capital appreciation | ||||||
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Acquired Fund | Acquiring Fund | ||||||
Investment Policies | Investment Policies | ||||||
• seeks to achieve its investment objective by investing, under normal circumstances, at least 80% of its net assets in equity securities of companies operating in frontier emerging market countries | • under normal circumstances, at least 80% of its net assets in equity securities of companies operating in frontier emerging market countries • seek to maximize returns by investing primarily in growth-oriented equity securities in frontier emerging markets | ||||||
• equity investments primarily include common and preferred stocks, rights, warrants, depositary receipts and limited partnership interests | • equity investments primarily include common and preferred stocks, rights, warrants, depositary receipts and limited partnership interests and other specialty securities having equity features | ||||||
• may hold or have exposure to equity securities of companies of any size, including small and medium capitalization stocks, and to companies in any industry or sector | • may hold or have exposure to equity securities of companies of any size, including small and medium capitalization stocks, and to companies in any industry or sector | ||||||
• for purposes of maintaining exposure of at least 80% of the its net assets to equity securities of companies operating in frontier emerging market countries, may also invest in American depositary receipts ("ADRs"), Global depositary receipts ("GDRs") and other types of depositary receipts with respect to companies operating in frontier emerging market countries, securities of other open- and closed-end investment companies, including exchange-traded funds ("ETFs"), and derivative instruments such as swaps, contracts for difference ("CFDs"), warrants and structured notes (collectively "Strategic Transactions"). The Acquired Fund may utilize foreign currency forward exchange contracts, which are also derivatives, in connection with its investments in foreign securities | • for purposes of maintaining exposure of at least 80% of the its net assets to equity securities of companies operating in frontier emerging market countries, may also invest in ADRs, GDRs and other types of depositary receipts with respect to companies operating in frontier emerging market countries, securities of other open- and closed-end investment companies, including ETFs • may purchase and sell derivative instruments such as futures, swaps, structured investments, and other related instruments and techniques. The Acquiring Fund may utilize foreign currency forward exchange contracts, which are also derivatives, in connection with its investments in foreign securities. Derivative instruments used by the Acquiring Fund will be counted toward the 80% policy discussed above to the extent they have economic characteristics similar to the securities included within that policy | ||||||
• at all times, will be required to invest 25% or more of its total assets in the securities of issuers in the banking industry | • will not acquire any securities of companies within one industry if, as a result of such acquisition, more than 25% of the value of the Acquiring Fund's total assets would be invested in securities of companies within such industry; provided, however, that there shall be no limitation on the purchase of obligations issued or guaranteed by the U.S. Government, its agencies or instrumentalities, except that the Acquiring Fund will invest more than 25% of its total assets in the banking industry | ||||||
• a diversified fund | • a diversified fund | ||||||
• a closed-end fund | • an open-end fund | ||||||
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Difference Between a Closed-End and an Open-End Fund. A closed-end fund, like the Acquired Fund, does not redeem its outstanding shares or generally engage in the continuous sale of new shares, and its shares are typically traded on a securities exchange. Thus, investors who want to buy or sell closed-end fund shares generally must do so through a broker-dealer and pay or receive the prevailing market price per share (plus or minus any applicable commissions). The market price may be more (a premium) or less (a discount) than the net asset value per share of the closed-end fund. The Acquired Fund has generally traded at a discount since its inception. Over the past 12 months, the Acquired Fund's discount has widened and as of June 26, 2012, the Acquired Fund's discount was -5.84%. An open-end fund, like the Acquiring Fund, continuously issues shares that can generally be redeemed or sold back to the fund at the fund's NAV per share (less any applicable redemption fee). Moreover, open-end funds are not typically traded on a securities exchange and therefore issue new shares at the fund's offering price, which is the NAV per share plus any applicable sales charge. Since open-end funds must be ready to redeem their shares on a daily basis, open-end funds may hold more cash reserves than closed-end funds, which may affect performance.
Fund Management. The current portfolio management team for the Acquired Fund will continue to be primarily responsible for the day-to-day management of the Acquiring Fund. Each Fund is managed within MSIM's Emerging Markets Equity team and, if the Reorganization is approved, the Acquiring Fund will continue to be managed within MSIM's Emerging Markets Equity team. The team consists of portfolio managers and analysts. The member of the team primarily responsible for the day-to-day management of the Funds is Tim Drinkall. Mr. Drinkall has been associated with MSIM in an investment management capacity since October 2007. Prior to joining MSIM, Mr. Drinkall was a Fund Manager at Gustavia Capital from July 2005 to October 2007.
Additional information about the portfolio manager's compensation structure, other accounts managed by the portfolio manager and the portfolio manager's ownership of securities in the Funds is provided in the Statement of Additional Information to this Proxy Statement and Prospectus that is incorporated by reference herein.
Investment Advisory Fees. The Acquiring Fund and the Acquired Fund currently obtain advisory services from MSIM. Morgan Stanley is the direct parent of MSIM. Morgan Stanley is a preeminent global financial services firm engaged in securities trading and brokerage activities, as well as providing investment banking, research and analysis, financing and financial advisory services. The address of MSIM is 522 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY 10036.
The annual advisory fee (as a percentage of daily net assets) payable by the Acquiring Fund is lower than the fee payable by the Acquired Fund and is set forth below. The Acquiring Fund will pay MSIM an advisory fee computed daily and payable on a quarterly basis while the Acquired Fund pays MSIM an advisory fee computed weekly and payable on a monthly basis.
Acquired Fund | 1.50% of the Acquired Fund's average weekly net assets. | ||||||
Acquiring Fund | 1.25% of the Acquiring Fund's average daily net assets. | ||||||
Comparison of Other Service Providers. The following table identifies the principal service providers that service the Acquiring Fund and the Acquired Fund:
Acquired Fund | Acquiring Fund | ||||||||||
Administrator: | Morgan Stanley Investment Management Inc. | Morgan Stanley Investment Management Inc. | |||||||||
Transfer Agent: | Computershare Trust Company, N.A. | Morgan Stanley Services Company Inc. | |||||||||
Custodian: | State Street Bank and Trust Company | State Street Bank and Trust Company | |||||||||
Distributor: | N/A | Morgan Stanley Distribution, Inc. | |||||||||
Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm: | Ernst & Young LLP | Ernst & Young LLP | |||||||||
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Other Significant Fees. Each of the Funds pay additional fees in connection with their operations, including legal, auditing, transfer agent and custodial fees. See "Synopsis—Fee Table" above for the percentage of average net assets represented by such "Other Expenses."
Purchases, Exchanges and Redemptions. The Company's Board of Directors has authorized the issuance of the Acquiring Fund Shares in connection with the Reorganization.
Acquired Fund Shares
The Acquired Fund is a closed-end investment company that currently has outstanding one class of common shares, par value $0.01 per common share. The Acquired Fund's common shares are not subject to a sales charge or 12b-1 fee. The Acquired Fund's common shares trade on the NYSE (symbol: FFD) and may only be purchased and sold through a broker or dealer at the market price, plus a brokerage commission.
Acquiring Fund Shares (Class I)
Minimum Investments. The minimum initial investment for Class I shares of the Acquiring Fund generally is $5,000,000. If the value of an investor's account falls below the minimum initial investment amount for Class I shares as a result of share redemptions, the investor's account may be subject to involuntary conversion or involuntary redemption. There is no minimum investment amount for subsequent purchases of Class I shares of the Acquiring Fund. Stockholders who are not U.S. persons that receive Class I shares of the Acquiring Fund in connection with the Reorganization are not permitted to make subsequent purchases of shares of the Acquiring Fund. For further information relating to minimum investment requirements for Class I shares of the Acquiring Fund, please see the section entitled "Shareholder Information—How To Purchase Class I, Class P and Class L Shares" in the Acquiring Fund's Prospectus attached hereto as Exhibit B.
The minimum initial investment for Class I shares will be waived for Stockholders of the Acquired Fund that receive Class I shares of the Acquiring Fund in connection with the Reorganization. In addition, the Acquiring Fund's ability to impose an involuntary conversion or redemption will be waived indefinitely for Stockholders of the Acquired Fund that receive Class I shares of the Acquiring Fund in connection with the Reorganization.
Sales Charges. Class I shares of the Acquiring Fund are not subject to either an initial sales charge or a contingent deferred sales charge.
Redemption of Fund Shares. Class I shares of the Acquiring Fund redeemed or exchanged within 30 days of purchase will be subject to a 2% redemption fee, payable to the Acquiring Fund. Following the consummation of the Reorganization, Class I shares received by Acquired Fund Stockholders in connection with the Reorganization will be subject to the redemption fee. The redemption fee is designed to protect the Acquiring Fund and its remaining stockholders from the effects of short-term trading. The redemption fee is not imposed on redemptions made: (i) through systematic withdrawal/exchange plans, (ii) through preapproved asset allocation programs, (iii) of shares received by reinvesting income dividends or capital gain distributions, (iv) through certain collective trust funds or other pooled vehicle, (v) on behalf of advisory accounts where client allocations are solely at the discretion of the MSIM investment team and (vi) transactions by funds of funds advised by MSIM. The redemption fee is based on, and deducted from, the redemption proceeds. Each time you redeem or exchange Class I shares, the shares held the longest will be redeemed or exchanged first. For greater details relating to redemption of shares and redemption fees applicable to Class I shares of the Acquiring Fund, see the section entitled "Shareholder Information—How To Redeem Class I, Class P and Class L Shares" in the Acquiring Fund's Prospectus attached hereto as Exhibit B.
Exchange Privileges. Class I shares of the Acquiring Fund may be exchanged for shares of the same class of any other available portfolio of the Company and available portfolios of Morgan Stanley Institutional Fund Trust (each an "Exchange Portfolio"). Exchanges are effected based on the respective NAVs of the applicable portfolios (subject to any applicable redemption fee). Upon consummation of the Reorganization, the foregoing exchange privileges will apply to U.S. stockholders of the Acquiring Fund; however, such stockholders must satisfy the Class I minimum initial investment amount of the Exchange Portfolio (generally $5,000,000) at the time of the exchange.
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The Acquiring Fund provides telephone exchange privileges to its stockholders. For greater details relating to exchange privileges applicable to the Acquiring Fund, see the section entitled "Shareholder Information—How to Redeem Class I, Class P and Class L Shares—Exchange Privilege" in the Acquiring Fund's Prospectus attached hereto as Exhibit B.
Dividends. The Acquiring Fund declares dividends separately for each of its classes. The Acquired Fund pays dividends from net investment income, if any, annually and distributes net realized capital gains, if any, at least annually. The Acquired Fund declares dividends and normally pays dividends from net investment income monthly and distributes net capital gains, if any, in December. The Acquired Fund, however, may elect annually to retain for reinvestment any net realized long-term capital gains. With respect to the Acquiring Fund, dividends and capital gains distributions are automatically reinvested in additional shares of the same class of shares of such Fund at NAV unless the stockholder instructs otherwise. With respect to the Acquired Fund, dividends and capital gains distributions are automatically reinvested in additional common shares of the Acquired Fund pursuant to the Acquired Fund's Dividend Reinvestment Plan unless the stockholder elects to receive cash. See "Dividends, Distributions and Taxes; Dividend Reinvestment Plan."
Foreign Stockholders
Stockholders who are not U.S. citizens or residents may be restricted in their ability to purchase additional shares of the Acquiring Fund, or exchange shares of the Acquiring Fund for shares of any Exchange Portfolio, as laws in various jurisdictions relating to the ability to purchase securities listed on a national securities exchange (such as the NYSE on which the Acquired Fund's shares are listed) may differ from laws relating to the ability to purchase securities not listed on any such exchange (such as shares of the Acquiring Fund which, as an open-end investment company will sell and redeem its shares directly through its Distributor).
The opinion expected to be received by the Funds regarding the tax consequences of the proposed Reorganization relates solely to U.S. federal income tax, and does not address the tax consequences of the proposed Reorganization in any non-U.S. jurisdiction or to any non-U.S. Stockholder. Stockholders that are subject to tax laws outside the United States should consult their tax advisors as to the tax consequences of the proposed Reorganization in those jurisdictions.
Record Date; Quorum
The Board has fixed the close of business on June 7, 2012 as the record date (the "Record Date") for the determination of the Stockholders of the Acquired Fund entitled to notice of, and to vote at, the Meeting. As of the Record Date, there were 6,662,999 common shares of the Acquired Fund issued and outstanding. Stockholders on the Record Date are entitled to one vote per share and a fractional vote for a fractional share on each matter submitted to a vote at the Meeting. A majority of the outstanding common shares entitled to vote, represented in person or by proxy, will constitute a quorum at the Meeting.
Proxies
The enclosed form of Proxy for the Acquired Fund, if properly executed and returned, will be voted in accordance with the choice specified thereon. The Proxy will be voted in favor of the Reorganization unless a choice is indicated to vote against or to abstain from voting on the Reorganization. If a Stockholder executes and returns a Proxy but fails to indicate how the votes should be cast, the Proxy will be voted in favor of the Reorganization. The Board knows of no business, other than that set forth in the Notice of Special Meeting of Stockholders, to be presented for consideration at the Meeting. However, the Proxy confers discretionary authority upon the persons named therein to vote as they determine on other business, not currently contemplated, which may come before the Meeting.
The Proxy may be revoked at any time prior to the voting thereof by: (i) delivering written notice of revocation to the Secretary of the Acquired Fund, 522 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY 10036; (ii) attending the Meeting and voting in person; or (iii) completing and returning a new Proxy (whether by mail or, as discussed below, by touchtone
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telephone or the Internet) (if returned and received in time to be voted). Attendance at the Meeting will not in and of itself revoke a Proxy.
In the event that the necessary quorum to transact business or the vote required to approve or reject the Reorganization is not obtained at the Meeting, the persons named as Proxies may propose one or more adjournments of the Meeting to permit further solicitation of Proxies. Any such adjournment will require the affirmative vote of the holders of a majority of the common shares of the Acquired Fund present in person or by Proxy at the Meeting. The persons named as Proxies will vote for such adjournment consistent with the votes for the Reorganization for which the required vote has not been obtained. Abstentions will not be voted either for or against any such adjournment. Additionally, in the event the necessary quorum is not obtained, the Chairman of the Board has the power to adjourn the Meeting.
Stockholders will be able to vote their common shares by touchtone telephone or by Internet by following the instructions on the Proxy Card or on the Voting Information Card accompanying this Proxy Statement and Prospectus. To vote by Internet or by telephone, Stockholders can access the website or call the toll-free number listed on the Proxy Card or noted in the enclosed voting instructions. To vote by touchtone telephone, Stockholders will need the number that appears on the Proxy Card. In certain instances, a proxy solicitor may call Stockholders to ask if they would be willing to have their votes recorded by telephone. The telephone voting procedure is designed to authenticate Stockholders' identities, to allow Stockholders to authorize the voting of their shares in accordance with their instructions and to confirm that their instructions have been recorded properly. No recommendation will be made as to how a Stockholder should vote on any proposal other than to refer to the recommendations of the Board. Stockholders voting by telephone in this manner will be asked for identifying information and will be given an opportunity to authorize Proxies to vote their shares in accordance with their instructions. To ensure that the Stockholders' instructions have been recorded correctly they will receive a confirmation of their instructions in the mail. A special toll-free number set forth in the confirmation will be available in case the information contained in the confirmation is incorrect. Although a Stockholder's vote may be taken by telephone, each Shareholder will receive a copy of this Proxy Statement and may vote by mail using the enclosed Proxy Card or by touchtone telephone or the Internet as set forth above. The last proxy vote received in time to be voted, whether by Proxy Card, touchtone telephone or Internet, will be the vote that is counted and will revoke all previous votes by the Stockholders.
Expenses of Solicitation
Solicitation of Proxies is being made primarily by the mailing of this Proxy Statement and Prospectus with its enclosures. In addition to the solicitation of Proxies by mail, employees of MSIM and its affiliates, without additional compensation, may solicit Proxies in person or by telephone, telegraph, facsimile or oral communication. The Acquired Fund may retain Computershare Fund Services, a professional proxy solicitation firm, to assist with any necessary solicitation of Proxies. The estimated cost of additional telephone solicitation by Computershare Fund Services is approximately $10,000. The expenses of this solicitation, including the cost of printing, filing and proxy solicitation, and legal and accounting expenses are expected to be approximately $300,000, all of which will be borne by the Acquired Fund.
Vote Required
Approval of the Reorganization by the Stockholders of the Acquired Fund requires the affirmative vote of a majority of the shares of capital stock of the Acquired Fund outstanding and entitled to be cast by the Stockholders of the Acquired Fund on the matter. Abstentions are not considered votes "FOR" the Reorganization at the Meeting. As a result, abstentions have the same effect as a vote against the Reorganization because approval of the Reorganization requires the affirmative vote of a majority of the shares of capital stock of the Acquired Fund outstanding and entitled to be cast by the Stockholders of the Acquired Fund on the matter.
If the Reorganization is not approved by Stockholders of the Acquired Fund, the Acquired Fund will continue in existence and the Board may consider alternative actions.
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Principal Risk Factors
The principal risks of investing in the Acquiring Fund are substantially similar to those of investing in the Acquired Fund. The value of an investment in the Funds is based on the market prices of the securities such Fund holds. These prices change daily due to economic and other events that affect markets generally, as well as those that affect particular regions, countries, industries, companies or governments.
Frontier Emerging Market Securities. Investing in the securities of issuers operating in frontier emerging markets involves a high degree of risk and special considerations not typically associated with investing in the securities of other foreign or U.S. issuers. In addition, the risks associated with investing in the securities of issuers operating in emerging market countries are magnified when investing in frontier emerging market countries. These types of investments could be affected by factors not usually associated with investments in U.S. issuers, including risks associated with expropriation and/or nationalization, political or social instability, pervasiveness of corruption and crime, armed conflict, the impact on the economy of civil war, religious or ethnic unrest and the withdrawal or non-renewal of any license enabling a Fund to trade in securities of a particular country, confiscatory taxation, restrictions on transfers of assets, lack of uniform accounting, auditing and financial reporting standards, less publicly available financial and other information, diplomatic development which could affect U.S. investments in those countries and potential difficulties in enforcing contractual obligations. These risks and special considerations make investments in companies operating in frontier emerging market countries highly speculative in nature and, accordingly, an investment in a Fund must be viewed as highly speculative in nature and may not be suitable for an investor who is not able to afford the loss of his or her entire investment. To the extent that a Fund invests a significant percentage of its assets in a single frontier emerging market country, the Fund will be subject to heightened risk associated with investing in frontier emerging market countries and additional risks associated with that particular country. In addition, a Fund's investments may be denominated in foreign currencies and therefore, changes in the value of a country's currency compared to the U.S. dollar may affect the value of the Fund's investments. Hedging a Fund's currency risks through foreign currency forward exchange contracts involves the risk of mismatching the Fund's objectives under a foreign currency forward exchange contract with the value of securities denominated in a particular currency. There is additional risk that such transactions reduce or preclude the opportunity for gain and that currency contracts create exposure to currencies in which a Fund's securities are not denominated. The use of foreign currency forward exchange contracts involves the risk of loss from the insolvency or bankruptcy of the counterparty to the contract or the failure of the counterparty to make payments or otherwise comply with the terms of the contract.
Equity Securities. In general, prices of equity securities are more volatile than those of fixed income securities. The prices of equity securities will rise and fall in response to a number of different factors. In particular, prices of equity securities will respond to events that affect entire financial markets or industries (changes in inflation or consumer demand, for example) and to events that affect particular issuers (news about the success or failure of a new product, for example). To the extent that a Fund invests in convertible securities, and the convertible security's investment value is greater than its conversion value, its price will be likely to increase when interest rates fall and decrease when interest rates rise. If the conversion value exceeds the investment value, the price of the convertible security will tend to fluctuate directly with the price of the underlying equity security.
Small- and Medium-Capitalization Companies. Investments in small and medium capitalization companies may involve greater risk than investments in larger, more established companies. The securities issued by small and medium capitalization companies may be less liquid and their prices subject to more abrupt or erratic price movements.
Investment Company Securities. Subject to the limitations set forth in the 1940 Act, or as otherwise permitted by the Commission, a Fund may acquire shares in other investment companies, including foreign investment companies and ETFs, which may be managed by the Adviser or its affiliates. The market value of the shares of other investment companies may differ from the NAV of a Fund. The shares of closed-end investment companies frequently trade at a discount to their NAV. As a stockholder in an investment company, a Fund would bear its ratable share of that entity's expenses, including its investment advisory and administration fees. At the same time, a Fund would continue to pay its own advisory and administration fees and other expenses. As a result, a Fund and
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its stockholders, in effect, will be absorbing duplicate levels of fees with respect to investments in other investment companies.
Derivatives. A derivative instrument often has risks similar to its underlying asset and may have additional risks, including imperfect correlation between the value of the derivative and the underlying asset, risks of default by the counterparty to certain transactions, magnification of losses incurred due to changes in the market value of the securities, instruments, indices or interest rates to which they relate and risks that the transactions may not be liquid. Certain derivative transactions may give rise to a form of leverage. Leverage magnifies the potential for gain and the risk of loss.
Concentration Risk. Investment opportunities in many frontier emerging markets may be concentrated in the banking industry. Based on the Acquired Fund's investment restriction regarding concentration, the Acquired Fund, at all times, is required to invest 25% or more of its total assets in the securities of issuers in the banking industry. As a result, the Acquired Fund may have a high concentration of investments in the banking industry. The banking industry can be affected by global and local economic conditions, such as the levels and liquidity of the global and local financial and asset markets, the absolute and relative level and volatility of interest rates and equity prices, investor sentiment, inflation, and the availability and cost of credit. Adverse developments in these conditions can have a greater adverse effect on the banking industry of a frontier emerging market economy than on other industries of its economy. Because the Acquired Fund's investments will be concentrated in the banking industry, factors that have an adverse impact on this industry may have a disproportionate impact on the Acquired Fund's performance. The Acquiring Fund is subject to a similar investment restriction regarding concentration in that it will not acquire any securities of companies within one industry if, as a result of such acquisition, more than 25% of the value of the Acquiring Fund's total assets would be invested in securities of companies within such industry; provided, however, that there shall be no limitation on the purchase of obligations issued or guaranteed by the U.S. Government, its agencies or instrumentalities, except that the Acquiring Fund will invest more than 25% of its total assets in the banking industry.
The foregoing discussion is a summary of the principal risk factors. For a more complete discussion of the risks of the Acquiring Fund, see "Frontier Emerging Markets Portfolio—Details of the Portfolio—Risks" and "Additional Information about the Portfolio's Investment Strategies and Risks" in the Acquiring Fund's Prospectus attached hereto as Exhibit B. For a more complete discussion of these risks, and additional risks associated with an investment in the Acquired Fund, see "Principal Risk Factors" below.
THE REORGANIZATION
The Board's Considerations
On April 25, 2012, the Board, including the Independent Board Members, unanimously declared advisable and approved the Reorganization on behalf of the Acquired Fund and determined to recommend that Stockholders of the Acquired Fund approve the Reorganization. In reaching this decision, the Board made an extensive inquiry into a number of factors, particularly the Acquired Fund's small asset size and the comparative expenses currently incurred in the operations of the Acquiring Fund. The Board also considered other factors, including, but not limited to: the general compatibility of the investment objectives, investment strategies and restrictions of the Funds; the extent to which the common shares of the Acquired Fund have historically traded at a discount or premium to NAV; the current and future sales and asset growth potential of the Acquiring Fund; that the total expenses of the Stockholders of the Acquired Fund would be lower, taking into account the proposed waiver, as a result of the Reorganization; the annual expense savings for Stockholders of the Acquired Fund; the common portfolio management team of each Fund; the terms and conditions of the Reorganization which would affect the price of shares to be issued in the Reorganization; the capital loss carry-forwards of the Acquired Fund; the tax-free nature of the Reorganization; and the expenses of this solicitation, including the cost of preparing and mailing this Proxy Statement and Prospectus, all of which will be borne by the Acquired Fund in connection with the Reorganization.
At this and prior meetings, the Board considered information provided by MSIM. The parties discussed the different service providers of the Acquiring Fund versus the Acquired Fund and noted that in many cases the same
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entities provide similar services to the Acquired Fund and Acquiring Fund. The parties also discussed the exchangeability among funds within the Morgan Stanley fund family, the expense cap on the Acquiring Fund and the waivers of sales charges and minimum investment amounts applicable to the Acquiring Fund for Stockholders of the Acquired Fund in connection with the Reorganization.
The Board discussed with MSIM the foreseeable short- and long-term effects of the Reorganization on the Acquired Fund and its Stockholders. The Board discussed the possibility that the Acquiring Fund may experience increased redemptions of Class I shares in the period of time that follows the closing of the Reorganization and that if this were to occur, it would decrease the anticipated net asset size of the Combined Fund and remaining stockholders would suffer the potential effects of these redemptions in the form of transaction costs and lower security prices than the Combined Fund might have received under other circumstances. As a result, the Board considered the fact that a 2% redemption fee will apply to Class I shares of the Acquiring Fund received by Acquired Fund Stockholders in the Reorganization that are redeemed (by sale or exchange) within 30 days following the closing of the Reorganization. The Board noted that the imposition of the redemption fee could have the effect of reducing the redemptions of Class I shares of the Acquiring Fund immediately following the consummation of the Reorganization, which would therefore (i) offset the brokerage and other costs resulting from such redemptions, (ii) mitigate the potential abuses associated with short-term trading and (iii) reduce any disruption of the Acquiring Fund's normal portfolio management. It is not possible to predict the extent of such net redemptions or whether such redemptions would require the Acquiring Fund to sell significant amounts of portfolio securities to fund such redemptions. The Independent Board Members conferred separately with their counsel about the Reorganization during the meetings.
In connection with the Board review of the Reorganization, MSIM advised the Board about a variety of matters, including, but not limited to:
1. there is not expected to be any diminution in the nature, quality and extent of services provided to the Acquired Fund and Stockholders as a result of the Reorganization;
2. the substantially similar investment objectives, principal investment strategies and risks of the Acquired Fund and the Acquiring Fund;
3. the current size of the Acquired Fund and its growth prospects;
4. the transition from current service providers to post-Reorganization service providers will not have any foreseeable adverse effect on Stockholders;
5. the same portfolio manager currently managing the Acquired Fund will continue managing the Acquiring Fund after the Reorganization;
6. the estimated expenses of the Reorganization;
7. the Reorganization will constitute a tax-free reorganization for U.S. federal income tax purposes;
8. the lower advisory fee and potentially lower expense ratio of the Acquiring Fund taking into account the proposed waiver; and
9. the opportunity for Stockholders of the Acquired Fund to capture the value of the discount between market price and NAV of the shares, if any, at the time of the Reorganization and to have daily liquidity at NAV.
In its deliberations, the Board considered all information it received, as described above, as well as advice and analysis from its counsel. The Board considered the Reorganization and the impact of the Reorganization on the Acquired Fund and its Stockholders. The Board concluded, based on all of the information presented, that the Reorganization is advisable and in the best interest of the Acquired Fund's Stockholders and that Stockholders will not be diluted as a result thereof, and to recommend that the Acquired Fund's Stockholders approve the Reorganization.
If the Stockholders of the Acquired Fund do not approve the Reorganization, the Board of the Acquired Fund may consider other courses of action for the Acquired Fund.
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The Reorganization Agreement
The terms and conditions under which the Reorganization would be consummated, as summarized below, are set forth in the Reorganization Agreement. This summary is qualified in its entirety by reference to the Reorganization Agreement, a copy of which is attached as Exhibit A to this Proxy Statement and Prospectus.
The Reorganization Agreement provides that (i) the Acquired Fund will transfer all of its assets, including portfolio securities, cash, cash equivalents and receivables, to the Acquiring Fund on the Closing Date in exchange for Acquiring Fund Shares and the assumption by the Acquiring Fund of the liabilities of the Acquired Fund, including all expenses, costs, charges and reserves, as reflected on an unaudited statement of assets and liabilities of Acquired Fund prepared by the Treasurer of the Acquired Fund as of the Valuation Date (as defined below) in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles consistently applied from the prior audited period, and the delivery of the Acquiring Fund Shares; (ii) such Acquiring Fund Shares would be distributed to Stockholders on the Closing Date or as soon as practicable thereafter; (iii) the Acquired Fund would be liquidated and dissolved; and (iv) the outstanding shares of Acquired Fund would be canceled.
The number of Acquiring Fund Shares to be delivered to the Acquired Fund will be determined by dividing the aggregate NAV of the shares of the Acquired Fund acquired by the Acquiring Fund by the NAV per share of the class of shares of the Acquiring Fund; these values will be calculated as of the close of business of the NYSE on the third business day following the receipt of the requisite approval by Stockholders of the Reorganization Agreement or at such other time as the Acquiring Fund and Acquired Fund may agree (the "Valuation Date"). As an illustration, assume that on the Valuation Date, common shares of the Acquired Fund had an aggregate NAV of $100,000. If the NAV per Class I share of the Acquiring Fund were $10 per share at the close of business on the Valuation Date, the number of Class I shares of the Acquiring Fund to be issued would be 10,000 ($100,000 ÷ $10). These 10,000 Class I shares of the Acquiring Fund would be distributed to the former stockholders of the Acquired Fund. This example is given for illustration purposes only and does not bear any relationship to the dollar amounts or shares expected to be involved in the Reorganization.
On the Closing Date or as soon as practicable thereafter, the Acquired Fund will distribute pro rata to its Stockholders of record as of the close of business on the Valuation Date, the Acquiring Fund Shares it receives. Each Stockholder will receive Class I shares of the Acquiring Fund. The Acquiring Fund will cause its transfer agent to credit and confirm an appropriate number of the Acquiring Fund's Shares to each Stockholder.
The Closing Date will be the Valuation Date or the next business day following the Valuation Date. The consummation of the Reorganization is contingent upon the approval of the Reorganization by the Stockholders and the receipt of the other opinions and certificates set forth in Sections 6, 7 and 8 of the Reorganization Agreement and the occurrence of the events described in those Sections, certain of which may be waived by a Fund. The Reorganization Agreement may be amended in any mutually agreeable manner.
The Reorganization Agreement may be terminated and the Reorganization abandoned at any time, before or after approval by Stockholders, by mutual consent of the Company, on behalf of the Acquiring Fund, and the Acquired Fund. In addition, either party may terminate the Reorganization Agreement upon the occurrence of a material breach of the Reorganization Agreement by the other party or if, by April 25, 2013, any condition set forth in the Reorganization Agreement has not been fulfilled or waived by the party entitled to its benefits.
Under the Reorganization Agreement, as soon after the Closing Date as is reasonably practicable, the Acquired Fund shall be dissolved following the distribution of the Acquiring Fund Shares to Stockholders of record of the Acquired Fund.
The effect of the Reorganization is that Stockholders who vote their common shares in favor of the Reorganization Agreement are electing to sell their common shares of the Acquired Fund and reinvest the proceeds in the Acquiring Fund Shares at NAV and without recognition of taxable gain or loss for federal income tax purposes. See "Tax Aspects of the Reorganization" below. As noted in "Tax Aspects of the Reorganization" below, if the Acquired Fund recognizes net gain from the sale of securities prior to the Closing Date, such gain, along with any other net gains recognized by the Acquired Fund, to the extent not offset by capital loss carry-forwards, will be subsequently distributed by the Acquiring Fund and will be taxable as capital gain.
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Stockholders of the Acquired Fund will continue to be able to trade their common shares of the Acquired Funds on the NYSE until the close of business on the business day next preceding the Closing Date.
To the extent that a Stockholder holds common shares of the Acquired Fund through a retirement plan separate account for which the Acquiring Fund is not an investment option, the disposition of such Stockholder's common shares will be governed by such Stockholder's contract with the retirement plan.
Tax Aspects of the Reorganization
The following is a general summary of the material federal income tax consequences of the Reorganization and is based upon the current provisions of the Code, the existing U.S. Treasury Regulations thereunder, current administrative rulings of the Internal Revenue Service ("IRS") and published judicial decisions, all of which are subject to change. This discussion is limited to U.S. persons who hold common shares of the Acquired Fund as capital assets for federal income tax purposes. Stockholders who are not U.S. persons are strongly urged to consult their own tax advisors with respect to the particular tax consequences of the Reorganization and of an investment in the common shares of the Acquiring Fund. This summary does not address all of the U.S. federal income tax consequences that may be relevant to a particular stockholder or to Stockholders who may be subject to special treatment under federal income tax laws.
U.S. Tax Consequences of the Reorganization to the Stockholders. The Reorganization is intended to qualify for federal income tax purposes as a tax-free reorganization under Section 368(a)(1) of the Code.
As a condition to the Reorganization, the Acquired Fund and the Acquiring Fund, have requested an opinion of Dechert LLP substantially to the effect that, based on certain assumptions, facts, the terms of the Reorganization Agreement and representations set forth in the Reorganization Agreement or otherwise provided by the Acquired Fund and the Acquiring Fund:
1. The transfer of all of the assets of the Acquired Fund solely in exchange for the Acquiring Fund Shares and the assumption by the Acquiring Fund of the liabilities of the Acquired Fund followed by the distribution by the Acquired Fund of the Acquiring Fund Shares to Stockholders in exchange for their Acquired Fund common shares pursuant to and in accordance with the terms of the Reorganization Agreement will constitute a "reorganization" within the meaning of Section 368(a)(1) of the Code;
2. No gain or loss will be recognized by the Acquiring Fund upon the receipt of the assets of the Acquired Fund solely in exchange for the Acquiring Fund Shares and the assumption by the Acquiring Fund of the stated liabilities of the Acquired Fund, except that Acquired Fund may be required to recognize gain or loss with respect to contracts described in Section 1256(b) of the Code or stock in a passive foreign investment company, as defined in Section 1297(a) of the Code;
3. No gain or loss will be recognized by the Acquired Fund upon the transfer of the assets of the Acquired Fund to the Acquiring Fund solely in exchange for the Acquiring Fund Shares and the assumption by the Acquiring Fund of the stated liabilities or upon the distribution of the Acquiring Fund Shares to Stockholders in exchange for their Acquired Fund common shares, except that the Acquired Fund may be required to recognize gain or loss with respect to contracts described in Section 1256(b) of the Code or stock in a passive foreign investment company, as defined in Section 1297(a) of the Code;
4. No gain or loss will be recognized by U.S. Stockholders upon the exchange of the common shares of the Acquired Fund solely for the Acquiring Fund Shares;
5. The aggregate tax basis for the Acquiring Fund Shares received by each Stockholder pursuant to the Reorganization will be the same as the aggregate tax basis of the common shares in the Acquired Fund surrendered by each such Stockholder in exchange therefor;
6. The holding period of the Acquiring Fund Shares to be received by each Stockholder will include the period during which the common shares in the Acquired Fund surrendered in exchange therefor were held (provided such common shares in the Acquired Fund were held as capital assets on the date of the Reorganization);
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7. The tax basis of the assets of the Acquired Fund acquired by the Acquiring Fund will be the same as the tax basis of such assets of the Acquired Fund immediately prior to the Reorganization; and
8. The holding period of the assets of the Acquired Fund in the hands of the Acquiring Fund will include the period during which those assets were held by the Acquired Fund (except where investment activities of Acquiring Fund have the effect of reducing or eliminating a holding period with respect to an asset).
The Acquired Fund may be required to sell, or otherwise deem it desirable to sell, certain holdings prior to the Closing Date. To the extent that net gains are recognized that are not offset by capital loss carryovers or other losses, such gains will subsequently be distributed by the Acquired Fund.
The advice of counsel is not binding on the IRS or the courts and neither the Acquired Fund nor the Acquiring Fund has sought a ruling with respect to the tax treatment of the Reorganization. The opinion of counsel, if delivered, will be based on the Code, regulations issued by the Treasury Department under the Code, court decisions, and administrative pronouncements issued by the IRS with respect to all of the foregoing, all as in effect on the date of the opinion, and all of which may be repealed, revoked or modified thereafter, possibly on a retroactive basis.
After the Reorganization, you will continue to be responsible for tracking the adjusted tax basis and holding period of your shares for federal income tax purposes.
Stockholders should consult their tax advisors regarding the effect, if any, of the proposed Reorganization in light of their individual circumstances. Because the foregoing discussion only relates to the U.S. federal income tax consequences of the proposed Reorganization, Stockholders should also consult their tax advisors as to state and local tax consequences, if any, of the proposed Reorganization. The opinion does not address the tax consequences of the proposed Reorganization in any non-U.S. jurisdiction or to any non-U.S. Stockholder. Stockholders that are subject to tax laws outside of the United States should consult their tax advisors as to the tax consequences, if any, of the proposed Reorganization in those jurisdictions.
Description of Shares
The Acquiring Fund Shares to be issued pursuant to the Reorganization Agreement will, when issued in exchange for the consideration therefor, be fully paid and non-assessable by the Acquiring Fund and transferable without restrictions and will have no preemptive rights. For greater details regarding the Acquiring Fund's shares, see "Shareholder Information" in the Acquiring Fund's Prospectus attached hereto as Exhibit B.
Capitalization Table (unaudited)
The following table sets forth the capitalization of the Acquired Fund as of December 31, 2011 and the Acquiring Fund on a pro forma combined basis as if the Reorganization had occurred on that date:
Net Assets | Shares Outstanding | Net Asset Value Per Share | |||||||||||||
Morgan Stanley Frontier Emerging Markets Fund, Inc. (Acquired Fund) | $ | 79,285,245 | 6,662,999 | $ | 11.90 | ||||||||||
Morgan Stanley Institutional Fund, Inc.—Frontier Emerging Markets Portfolio (Acquiring Fund—Class I) | — | — | — | ||||||||||||
Pro Forma Adjustments* | $ | (300,000 | ) | — | — | ||||||||||
Pro Forma Combined Fund | $ | 78,985,245 | 6,662,999 | $ | 11.85 |
* Reflects the charge for estimated reorganization expenses of $300,000 attributable to the Acquired Fund.
Appraisal Rights
Stockholders will have no appraisal rights in connection with the Reorganization.
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COMPARISON OF INVESTMENT OBJECTIVES, POLICIES AND RESTRICTIONS
Investment Objectives and Policies
The investment objective of the Acquiring Fund and the Acquired Fund is set forth in the table below:
Acquired Fund | Acquiring Fund | ||||||
Investment Objective | |||||||
• seeks long-term capital appreciation | • seeks long-term capital appreciation | ||||||
• The Acquired Fund's investment objective may be changed without stockholder approval; however, stockholders will be notified in writing of any changes at least 60 days' prior to any change | • The Acquiring Fund's investment objective may be changed by the Company's Board of Directors without stockholder approval, but no change is anticipated. If the Acquiring Fund's investment objective changes, the Acquiring Fund will notify shareholders and shareholders should consider whether the Acquiring Fund remains an appropriate investment in light of the change | ||||||
In selecting investments for the Funds, MSIM combines top-down country allocation based on relative economic, political and social fundamentals, stock valuations and investor sentiment, with bottom-up fundamental analysis seeking to identify issuers with investor friendly management, effective use of free cash flows and strong earnings growth potential.
MSIM's global strategists analyze the global economic environment, particularly its impact on frontier emerging markets, and allocate each Fund's assets among frontier emerging markets based on relative economic, political and social fundamentals, stock valuations and investor sentiment. MSIM invests in countries based on the work of country specialists who conduct extensive fundamental analysis of companies within these markets and seek to identify companies with strong earnings growth prospects. To manage risk, MSIM emphasizes macroeconomic and fundamental research. MSIM generally considers selling a portfolio holding when it determines that the holding no longer satisfies its investment criteria.
The Acquired Fund seeks to achieve its investment objective by investing, under normal circumstances, at least 80% of its net assets in equity securities of companies operating in frontier emerging market countries. Under normal circumstances, at least 80% of the Acquiring Fund's assets will be invested in equity securities of companies operating in frontier emerging market countries. The Acquiring Fund seeks to achieve its investment objective by investing primarily in growth-oriented equity securities in frontier emerging markets. The equity securities in which the Acquired Fund may primarily invest include common and preferred stocks, rights, warrants, depositary receipts and limited partnership interests. The Acquiring Fund may invest in the same types of equity securities as the Acquired Fund and may also invest in other specialty securities having equity features. Each Fund may hold or have exposure to equity securities of companies of any size, including small- and medium-capitalization companies, and to companies in any industry or sector.
For purposes of each Fund's policies, a company is considered to be operating in a frontier emerging market country if (i) the principal trading market for its securities is in a frontier emerging market country, (ii) alone or on a consolidated basis it derives 50% or more of its annual revenues from goods produced, sales made or services performed in a frontier emerging market country or countries or (iii) it is organized under the laws of, or has a principal office in, a frontier emerging market country. By applying this test, it is possible that a particular issuer could be deemed to be from more than one country. For example, a company that derives 50% or more of its annual revenues from services performed in a frontier emerging market country can be deemed to be operating in that country even though it was organized under the laws of another country and its principal trading market is also a different country. In addition, certain of the issuers that fall within categories (ii) and (iii) above may or may not have a principal trading market in a frontier emerging market country and, while exposing each Fund's assets to the
15
economic benefits of investing in a frontier emerging market country, may not do so to the same extent as an issuer with a principal trading market in a frontier emerging market country.
The term "frontier emerging markets" refers to those emerging market countries outside the "mainstream" emerging markets, whose capital markets have traditionally been difficult for foreign investors to enter or are in early stages of capital market and/or economic development. Frontier emerging market countries in which each Fund may invest currently include Argentina, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Botswana, Bulgaria, Croatia, Ecuador, Estonia, Georgia, Ghana, Jamaica, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Kenya, Kuwait, Latvia, Lebanon, Lithuania, Mauritius, Namibia, Nigeria, Oman, Pakistan, Panama, Qatar, Romania, Saudi Arabia, Serbia, Slovenia, Sri Lanka, Trinidad & Tobago, Tunisia, Ukraine, United Arab Emirates and Vietnam. The countries that comprise frontier emerging markets may change from time to time. Each Fund may invest in equity securities of companies operating in frontier emerging market countries that exist now and/or in the future.
For purposes of maintaining exposure of at least 80% of each Fund's assets to equity securities of companies operating in frontier emerging market countries, each Fund may also invest in ADRs, GDRs and other types of depositary receipts with respect to companies operating in frontier emerging market countries, securities of other open- and closed-end investment companies, including ETFs, and derivative instruments, as described herein.
Each Fund may purchase and sell certain derivative instruments. The Acquired Fund may invest in futures, swaps, structured investments and foreign currency forward exchange contracts, for a variety of purposes, including hedging, risk management, portfolio management or to earn income. The Acquired Fund may invest in swaps, CFDs, warrants and structured notes for various portfolio management purposes and to mitigate risks. Derivative instruments used by the Acquiring Fund will be counted toward the 80% policy discussed above to the extent they have economic characteristics similar to the securities included within that policy.
Investment Restrictions
The investment restrictions adopted by the Acquired Fund and the Acquiring Fund as fundamental policies are similar. The Acquiring Fund's investment restrictions are summarized under the caption "Investment Limitations" in the Company's Statement of Additional Information dated June 26, 2012, relating to the Acquiring Fund. The Acquired Fund's investment restrictions are included under the caption "Additional Information About the Acquired Fund—Investment Restrictions" in the Statement of Additional Information to this Proxy Statement and Prospectus that is incorporated by reference herein.
A fundamental investment restriction cannot be changed without the vote of the majority of the outstanding voting securities of a Fund, which is defined by the 1940 Act as the lesser of (i) at least 67% of the voting securities of a fund or portfolio present at a meeting if the holders of more than 50% of the outstanding voting securities of a fund or portfolio are present or represented by proxy; or (ii) more than 50% of the outstanding voting securities of a fund or portfolio. The differences in the Funds' investment restrictions are discussed below:
1. The Acquiring Fund may not write or acquire options or interests in oil, gas or other mineral exploration or development programs. The Acquired Fund is not subject to this fundamental restriction.
FINANCIAL HIGHLIGHTS
The Acquiring Fund is a newly created series of the Company and has not yet commenced operations. As a result, the Acquiring Fund has no financial information to report as of the date of this Proxy Statement and Prospectus.
The financial highlights table that follows is intended to help you understand the financial performance of the common shares of the Acquired Fund for the periods presented. The total returns in the tables represent the rate that an investor would have earned (or lost) on an investment in the Acquired Fund (assuming reinvestment of all dividends and distributions). The information has been audited by Ernst & Young LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm (except for the information for the six months ended April 30, 2012). Ernst & Young LLP's report, along with the Acquired Fund's financial statements, are included in the Acquired Fund's Annual Report to Stockholders for the fiscal year ended October 31, 2011, which are available upon request.
16
Morgan Stanley Frontier Emerging Markets Fund, Inc.
Six Months Ended April 30, 2012 | YEAR ENDED OCTOBER 31, | Period from August 27, 2008^ to October 31, | |||||||||||||||||||||
(unaudited) | 2011 | 2010 | 2009 | 2008 | |||||||||||||||||||
Net Asset Value, Beginning of Period | $ | 12.75 | $ | 15.26 | $ | 13.19 | $ | 11.79 | $ | 19.10 | |||||||||||||
Net Investment Income (Loss)† | 0.23 | 0.34 | 0.13 | 0.21 | (0.04 | ) | |||||||||||||||||
Net Realized and Unrealized Gain (Loss) on Investments | 0.55 | (2.65 | ) | 2.06 | 1.18 | (7.23 | ) | ||||||||||||||||
Total from Investment Operations | 0.78 | (2.31 | ) | 2.19 | 1.39 | (7.27 | ) | ||||||||||||||||
Distributions from and/or in excess of: Net Investment Income | (0.22 | ) | (0.20 | ) | (0.21 | ) | — | — | |||||||||||||||
Total Distributions | (0.22 | ) | (0.20 | ) | (0.21 | ) | — | — | |||||||||||||||
Offering Cost Charge to Capital | — | — | — | — | (0.04 | ) | |||||||||||||||||
Anti-Dilutive Effect of Share Repurchase Program | — | — | 0.09 | 0.01 | — | ||||||||||||||||||
Net Asset Value, End of Period | $ | 13.31 | $ | 12.75 | $ | 15.26 | $ | 13.19 | $ | 11.79 | |||||||||||||
Per Share Market Value, End of Period | $ | 11.73 | $ | 11.40 | $ | 14.04 | $ | 11.65 | $ | 9.70 | |||||||||||||
Total Investment Return: | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Market Value | 4.98 | %# | (17.74 | )% | 22.87 | % | 19.49 | % | (51.25 | )%# | |||||||||||||
Net Asset Value(1) | 6.51 | %# | (15.35 | )% | 17.95 | % | 11.87 | % | (38.27 | )%# | |||||||||||||
Ratios, Supplemental Data: | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Net Assets, End of Period (Thousands) | $ | 88,682 | $ | 84,962 | $ | 101,662 | $ | 93,038 | $ | 83,742 | |||||||||||||
Ratio of Expenses to Average Net Assets | 2.11 | %*+ | 2.03 | %+ | 2.13 | %+ | 2.05 | %+ | 2.71 | %*+ | |||||||||||||
Ratio of Net Investment Income (Loss) to Average Net Assets | 3.64 | %*+ | 2.32 | %+ | 1.00 | %+ | 1.89 | %+ | (1.38 | )%*+ | |||||||||||||
Ratio of Rebate from Morgan Stanley Affiliates to Average Net Assets | 0.00 | %§ | 0.00 | %§ | 0.00 | %§ | 0.01 | % | 0.03 | %* | |||||||||||||
Portfolio Turnover Rate | 30 | %# | 60 | % | 42 | % | 54 | % | 31 | %# |
^ Commencement of Operations.
(1) Total investment return based on net asset value per share reflects the effects of changes in net asset value on the performance of the Fund during each period, and assumes dividends and distributions, if any, were reinvested. This percentage is not an indication of the performance of a stockholder's investment in the Fund based on market value due to differences between the market price of the stock and the net asset value per share of the Acquired Fund.
† Per share amount is based on average shares outstanding.
# Not annualized.
* Annualized.
+ The Ratios of Expenses and Net Investment Income (Loss) reflect the rebate of certain Fund expenses in connection with the investments in Morgan Stanley affiliates during the period. The effect of the rebate on the ratios is disclosed in the above table as "Ratio of Rebate from Morgan Stanley Affiliates to Average Net Assets."
§ Amount is less than 0.005%.
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Financial Information
Additional financial information about the Acquired Fund is available in its Annual Report to Stockholders for the fiscal year ended October 31, 2011 and its succeeding Semi-Annual Report for the six months ended April 30, 2012.
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION ABOUT THE FUNDS
General
The Acquired Fund is a diversified, closed-end management investment company registered under the 1940 Act. The Acquired Fund was organized under the laws of the State of Maryland on April 30, 2008, pursuant to the Acquired Fund's Articles of Incorporation filed with the State Department of Assessments and Taxation of Maryland on April 30, 2008. Common shares of the Acquired Fund are not issued, insured or guaranteed by as to value or yield by the U.S. Government, its agencies or instrumentalities.
For a discussion of the organization and operation of the Acquiring Fund, see "Portfolio Summary" and "Fund Management" in the Acquiring Fund's Prospectus attached hereto as Exhibit B. For a discussion of the organization and operation of the Company, see "General Information—Fund History" in the Statement of Additional Information relating to the Acquiring Fund.
Rights of Acquired Fund Stockholders and Acquiring Fund Stockholders
The Acquiring Fund is organized as a separate series of shares of common stock of the Company, a Maryland corporation that is governed by its Charter, Bylaws, as amended, and Maryland law. The Acquired Fund is organized as a Maryland corporation and is governed by its Charter, Bylaws, as amended, and Maryland law. Each Fund is subject to federal securities laws, including the 1940 Act and the rules and regulations promulgated by the Commission thereunder, and applicable state securities laws.
Consistent with Maryland law, the Company's Board of Directors, on behalf of the Acquiring Fund, has authorized the issuance of a specific number of shares, although the organizational documents authorize such Board of Directors to increase or decrease, from time to time, as it considers necessary, the aggregate number of shares of stock or of any class of stock which the Company has the authority to issue. The Acquiring Fund's organizational documents allow the Board of Directors to create one or more separate investment portfolios and to establish a separate series of shares for each portfolio and to further subdivide the shares of a series into one or more classes.
Neither the Charter nor the Bylaws of the Company contain specific provisions regarding the personal liability of stockholders. However, under the Maryland General Corporation Law, stockholders of a Maryland corporation generally will not be held personally liable for the acts or obligations of the corporation, except that a stockholder may be liable to the extent that (i) consideration for the shares has not been paid, (ii) the stockholder knowingly accepts a distribution in violation of the charter or Maryland law, or (iii) the stockholder receives assets of the corporation upon its liquidation and the corporation is unable to meet its debts and obligations, in which case the stockholder may be liable for such debts and obligations to the extent of the assets received in the distribution.
The Acquired Fund's Charter and Bylaws, as well as Maryland law, include provisions that could limit the ability of others to acquire control of the Acquired Fund, to modify the structure of the Acquired Fund or to cause it to engage in certain transactions. These provisions, described below, also could have the effect of depriving stockholders of an opportunity to sell their common shares at a premium over prevailing market prices by discouraging third parties from seeking to obtain control of the Acquired Fund in a tender offer or similar transaction. In the opinion of the Acquired Fund, however, these provisions offer several possible advantages. They potentially require persons seeking control of the Acquired Fund to negotiate with its management regarding the price to be paid for the common shares required to obtain such control, they promote continuity and stability and they enhance the Acquired Fund's ability to pursue long-term strategies that are consistent with its investment objectives.
The Acquired Fund holds annual meetings as required by the rules of the NYSE. Under Maryland law and the Acquired Fund's Bylaws, the Acquired Fund will call a special meeting of its stockholders upon the written request
18
of stockholders entitled to cast at least a majority of all the votes entitled to be cast at such meeting. Such request for such a special meeting must state the purpose of the meeting and the matters proposed to be acted on at it. The secretary of the Acquired Fund shall (i) inform the stockholders who make the request of the reasonably estimated cost of preparing and mailing a notice of the meeting, and (ii) on payment of these costs to the Acquired Fund notify each stockholder entitled to notice of the meeting. Notwithstanding the above, under Maryland law and the Acquired Fund's Bylaws, unless requested by stockholders entitled to cast a majority of all the votes entitled to be cast at the meeting, a special meeting need not be called to consider any matter which is substantially the same as a matter voted on at any special meeting of the stockholders held during the preceding 12 months. The Acquiring Fund is not required, and the Acquiring Fund does not anticipate, holding annual meetings of its stockholders. The Acquiring Fund has certain mechanics whereby stockholders can call a special meeting of the Acquiring Fund.
Stockholders of the Funds generally have the right to approve investment advisory agreements, elect trustees/directors, change fundamental investment policies and vote on other matters required by law or deemed desirable by the Board.
The business of each Fund is supervised by the respective Board of such corporation. The Board of the Acquired Fund consists of the same members as the Board of the Company. For the Acquiring Fund, director vacancies may be filled by approval of a majority of the directors then in office subject to provisions of the 1940 Act. Directors' terms last until the election of such person's successor or until such person's earlier resignation or removal. The Directors of the Acquired Fund are divided into three classes, each having a term of three years, with the term of one class expiring each year. In addition, a Director may be removed from office only by the affirmative vote of at least two-thirds of the votes entitled to be cast by the Acquired Fund's stockholders, and the affirmative vote of 75% or more of the Acquired Fund's outstanding common shares is required to amend, alter or repeal the provisions in the Acquired Fund's Charter relating to removal of Directors. These provisions could delay the replacement of a majority of the Directors and have the effect of making changes in the Board more difficult than if such provisions were not in place.
The affirmative vote of the holders of 75% or more of the outstanding common shares is required to (1) convert the Acquired Fund from a closed-end to an open-end investment company, (2) merge or consolidate with any other entity, (3) dissolve or liquidate the Acquired Fund, (4) sell all or substantially all of its assets, (5) cease to be an investment company registered under the 1940 Act, (6) issue to any person securities in exchange for property worth $1,000,000 or more, exclusive of sales of securities in connection with a public offering, issuance of securities pursuant to a dividend reinvestment plan or other stock dividend or issuance of securities upon the exercise of any stock subscription rights, or (7) amend, alter or repeal the above provisions in the Acquired Fund's Charter. However, if such actions described in (1) through (6) above have been approved or authorized by the affirmative vote of at least 70% of the entire Board, the affirmative vote of only a majority of the outstanding common shares would be required for approval, except in the case of the issuance of securities, in which no stockholder vote would be required unless otherwise required by applicable law. The principal purpose of the above provisions is to increase the Acquired Fund's ability to resist takeover attempts and attempts to change the fundamental nature of the business of the Acquired Fund that are not supported by either the Board or a large majority of the stockholders. These provisions make it more difficult to liquidate, take over or open-end the Acquired Fund and thereby are intended to discourage investors from purchasing its common shares with the hope of making a quick profit by forcing the Acquired Fund to change its structure. These provisions, however, would apply to all actions proposed by anyone, including management, and would make changes in the Acquired Fund's structure accomplished through a transaction covered by the provisions more difficult to achieve. The foregoing provisions also could impede or prevent transactions in which holders of common shares might obtain prices for their common shares in excess of the current market prices at which the Acquired Fund's common shares were then trading.
The foregoing is only a summary of certain differences between the Acquiring Fund and the Acquired Fund under applicable law. It is not intended to be a complete list of differences and Shareholders should refer to the provisions of each Fund's applicable organizational documents for a more thorough comparison. Such documents are filed as part of each Fund's registration statements with the Commission, and Shareholders may obtain copies of such documents as described herein.
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Management
Board of Directors of the Funds. The Board of each Fund oversees the management of the Fund, but does not itself manage the Fund. Each Fund's Directors review various services provided by or under the direction of MSIM to ensure that each Fund's general investment policies and programs are properly carried out. The Directors also conduct their review to ensure that administrative services are provided to the Funds in a satisfactory manner.
Under state law, the duties of the Directors are generally characterized as a duty of loyalty and a duty of care. The duty of loyalty requires a Director to exercise his or her powers in the interest of each Fund and not the Director's own interest or the interest of another person or organization. A Director satisfies his or her duties by acting in good faith with the care that an ordinarily prudent person in a like position would use under similar circumstances and in a manner the Director reasonably believes to be in the best interest of each Fund.
Adviser. Morgan Stanley Investment Management Inc. serves as each Fund's investment adviser. MSIM is a registered investment adviser under the U.S. Investment Advisers Act of 1940, as amended (the "Advisers Act"). MSIM provides portfolio management services to taxable and nontaxable institutions, international organizations and individuals investing in U.S. and international equity and fixed income securities. As of March 31, 2012, MSIM, together with its affiliated asset management companies, had $303.8 billion of assets under management or supervision. MSIM's principal address is 522 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY 10036. MSIM, together with its investment advisory affiliates, currently acts as investment adviser for 101 investment funds (including all of their portfolios). Morgan Stanley & Co. LLC is an affiliate of MSIM.
Investment Advisory Agreement. MSIM provides investment advisory services to each Fund under the terms of each Fund's investment advisory agreement (each, an "Investment Advisory Agreement"). Pursuant to the Acquired Fund's Investment Advisory Agreement, the Acquired Fund pays its advisory fee on a monthly basis at an annual rate of 1.50% of the Acquired Fund's average weekly net assets. Pursuant to the Acquiring Fund's Investment Advisory Agreement, the Acquiring Fund will pay its advisory fee on a quarterly basis at an annual rate of 1.25% of the Acquiring Fund's average daily net assets.
Each Investment Advisory Agreement continues in effect from year to year provided such continuance is specifically approved at least annually by (i) a vote of a majority of those members of the Board who are not "interested persons" of MSIM or a Fund, cast in person at a meeting called for the purpose of voting on such approval, and (ii) by a majority vote of either the Fund's Board or the Fund's outstanding voting securities. The Investment Advisory Agreement may be terminated at any time without payment of penalty by the Fund or by MSIM upon 60 days' written notice. Each Investment Advisory Agreement will automatically terminate in the event of its assignment, as defined under the 1940 Act.
A discussion regarding the Board of Directors' approval of the Investment Advisory Agreement for the Acquired Fund is available in the Acquired Fund's Annual Report to Stockholders for the fiscal year ended October 31, 2011. A discussion regarding the Board of Directors' approval of the Investment Advisory Agreement for the Acquiring Fund will be available in the Acquiring Fund's Semiannual Report to Stockholders for the period ending June 30, 2012.
Portfolio Management. Subsequent to the consummation of the Reorganization, the current portfolio management team for the Acquired Fund will continue to be primarily responsible for the day-to-day management of the Acquiring Fund. Each Fund is managed within MSIM's Emerging Markets Equity team and, if the Reorganization is approved, the Acquiring Fund will continue to be managed within MSIM's Emerging Markets Equity team. The team consists of portfolio managers and analysts. The member of the team primarily responsible for the day-to-day management of the Funds is Tim Drinkall. Mr. Drinkall has been associated with MSIM in an investment management capacity since October 2007. Prior to joining MSIM, Mr. Drinkall was a Fund Manager at Gustavia Capital from July 2005 to October 2007.
The composition of the team may change from time to time.
Additional information about the portfolio manager's compensation structure, other accounts managed by the portfolio manager and the portfolio manager's ownership of securities in the Acquiring Fund is provided in the
20
Company's Statement of Additional Information relating to the Acquiring Fund. In addition, the Statement of Additional Information to this Proxy Statement and Prospectus that is incorporated by reference herein provides additional information about the portfolio manager's compensation structure, other accounts managed by the portfolio manager and the portfolio manager's ownership of securities in the Acquired Fund.
Administrator. Pursuant to an Administration Agreement with MSIM, each Fund pays an administration fee equal to 0.08% of the Fund's average weekly net assets. Under a Sub-Administration Agreement between MSIM and State Street Bank and Trust Company ("State Street"), State Street provides certain administrative services to each Fund. For such services, MSIM pays State Street a portion of the fee MSIM receives from each Fund.
Other Service Providers. State Street, located at One Lincoln Street, Boston, MA 02111-2101, acts as each Fund's custodian. State Street holds cash, securities, and other assets of each Fund as required by the 1940 Act. Custody fees are payable monthly based on assets held in custody, investment purchases and sales activity and account maintenance fees, plus reimbursement for certain out-of-pocket expenses.
Computershare Trust Company, N.A. ("Computershare") acts as the Acquired Fund's dividend paying agent, transfer agent and the registrar for the Acquired's common shares. Computershare charges the Acquired Fund an annual fee and is reimbursed for its out-of-pocket expenses.
Morgan Stanley Services Company Inc. ("Morgan Stanley Services"), P.O. Box 219804 Kansas City, Missouri 64121, acts as the Company's dividend disbursing and transfer agent. Pursuant to a transfer agency agreement, the Company pays Morgan Stanley Services a fee based on the number of classes, accounts and transactions relating to the portfolios of the Company.
For information about the Board of Directors, MSIM and the distributor of the Acquiring Fund, see "Fund Management—Investment Adviser" in the Acquiring Fund's Prospectus attached hereto as Exhibit B and "Management of the Fund" in the Company's Statement of Additional Information.
Description of Shares and Stockholder Inquiries
Acquiring Fund. For a description of the nature and most significant attributes of shares of the Acquiring Fund, and information regarding stockholder inquiries, see "General Information" in the Company's Statement of Additional Information as well as "Shareholder Information" and "Where to Find Additional Information" in the Acquiring Fund's Prospectus attached hereto as Exhibit B.
Acquired Fund. The Acquired Fund is authorized to issue 100,000,000 shares of common stock, par value $0.01 per share, and 50,000,000 shares of preferred stock, par value $0.01 per share. The shares of preferred stock may be issued in one or more classes or series, each having such designation, number of shares, preferences, conversion and other rights, voting powers, restrictions, limitations as to dividends, qualifications and terms and conditions of redemption as determined by the Board of Directors, by action of the Board of Directors, without the approval of the common stockholders. To date, the Acquired Fund has not classified any unissued shares of capital stock into, or issued, preferred stock of any class or series.
Common shares of the Acquired Fund, when issued in exchange for consideration therefor, will be fully paid and non-assessable and will have no conversion, preemptive or other subscription rights. Each common share has one vote per share on all matters to be voted upon by stockholders, and stockholders may not cumulate their votes in the election of Directors. Thus, holders of more than 50% of the shares voting for the election of Directors have the power to elect all of the successors of the class of Directors whose term expires at that meeting. All shares are equal as to assets, earnings and the receipt of dividends and distributions, if any, as may be declared by the Board of Directors out of funds available therefore; however, the Acquired Fund's Board of Directors has the authority to classify and reclassify any authorized but unissued shares of capital stock and to establish the rights and preferences of such unclassified shares. In the event of liquidation, dissolution or winding up of the Fund, each common share is entitled to receive its proportion of the Fund's assets remaining after payment of all debts and expenses and the amounts to which holders of any class of stock hereafter classified or reclassified having a preference on distributions in liquidation, dissolution or winding up of the Fund may be entitled.
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The Acquired Fund is a closed-end investment company, and as such its stockholders do not have the right to cause the Acquired Fund to redeem their common shares. The Acquired Fund, however, may repurchase common shares from time to time in the open market or in private transactions when it can do so at prices at or below the current NAV per share on terms that represent a favorable investment opportunity. Subject to its investment limitations, the Acquired Fund may borrow to finance the repurchase of common shares. However, the payment of interest on such borrowings will increase the Acquired Fund's expenses and consequently reduce net income. In addition, the Acquired Fund is required under the 1940 Act to maintain "asset coverage" of not less than 300% of its "senior securities representing indebtedness" as such terms are defined in the 1940 Act.
The Acquired Fund's common shares trade in the open market at a price which is a function of several factors, including their NAV and yield. The common shares of closed-end investment companies frequently sell at a discount from, but sometimes at a premium over, their NAVs. There can be no assurance that it will be possible for investors to resell common shares of the Acquired Fund at or above the price at which common shares are offered by this Prospectus or that the market price of the Acquired Fund's common shares will equal or exceed NAV. Since the Acquired Fund may repurchase its common shares at prices below their NAV or make a tender offer for its common shares, the NAV of those common shares that remain outstanding will be increased, but the effect of such repurchases on the market price of the remaining common shares cannot be predicted.
Any offer by the Acquired Fund to repurchase common shares will be made at a price based upon the NAV of the common shares at the close of business on or within 14 days after the last date of the offer. Each offer will be made and stockholders notified in accordance with the requirements of the U.S. Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the "1934 Act"), and the 1940 Act, either by publication or mailing or both. Each offering document will contain such information as is prescribed by such laws and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder. When a repurchase offer is authorized by the Acquired Fund's Board, a stockholder wishing to accept the offer may be required to offer to sell all (but not less than all) of the common shares owned by such stockholder (or attributed to him for federal income tax purposes under Section 318 of the Code). The Acquired Fund will purchase all common shares tendered in accordance with the terms of the offer unless it determines to accept none of them (based upon one of the conditions set forth below). Persons tendering common shares may be required to pay a service charge to help defray certain costs of the transfer agent. Any such service charges will not be deducted from the consideration paid for the tendered common shares. During the period of a repurchase offer, the Acquired Fund's stockholders will be able to determine the Acquired Fund's current NAV (which will be calculated weekly) by use of a toll-free telephone number.
Trading History and Share Price Data
The Acquired Fund's common shares are listed and traded on the NYSE. The following table shows the high and low closing prices on the NYSE per common share of the Acquired Fund, the high and low NAV per share and the discount or premium to NAV represented by the quotation for each quarter since January 2010.
Market Price(1) | Net Asset Value(1) | Premium (Discount)(1) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Quarter Ended | High | Low | High | Low | High | Low | |||||||||||||||||||||
January 31, 2010 | $ | 12.0272 | $ | 10.66 | $ | 13.32 | $ | 12.33 | -9.434 | % | -15.847 | % | |||||||||||||||
April 30, 2010 | $ | 12.79 | $ | 10.75 | $ | 14.22 | $ | 12.73 | -9.7942 | % | -15.818 | % | |||||||||||||||
July 31, 2010 | $ | 12.60 | $ | 10.97 | $ | 13.99 | $ | 12.64 | -9.098 | % | -16.3234 | % | |||||||||||||||
October 31, 2010 | $ | 14.04 | $ | 12.14 | $ | 15.28 | $ | 13.56 | -6.0176 | % | -11.1924 | % | |||||||||||||||
January 31, 2011 | $ | 15.59 | $ | 13.96 | $ | 16.38 | $ | 15.29 | -4.4253 | % | -11.3892 | % | |||||||||||||||
April 30, 2011 | $ | 14.79 | $ | 13.37 | $ | 15.97 | $ | 14.51 | -6.1989 | % | -10.5665 | % | |||||||||||||||
July 31, 2011 | $ | 14.25 | $ | 12.65 | $ | 15.79 | $ | 14.42 | -8.8427 | % | -12.5173 | % | |||||||||||||||
October 31, 2011 | $ | 12.69 | $ | 10.75 | $ | 14.46 | $ | 12.20 | -9.45 | % | -16.1049 | % | |||||||||||||||
January 31, 2012 | $ | 11.42 | $ | 10.34 | $ | 12.85 | $ | 11.85 | -13.54 | % | -9.4324 | % | |||||||||||||||
April 30, 2012 | $ | 11.45 | $ | 10.87 | $ | 13.18 | $ | 12.40 | -10.024 | % | -14.7416 | % |
(1) As reported by Bloomberg.
22
Shares of closed-end management companies frequently trade at discounts from their NAVs, and the Acquired Fund's common shares have also traded at a discount in recent times.
There can be no assurance that the Acquired Fund's common shares will trade in the future above, at or below NAV.
Dividends, Distributions and Taxes; Dividend Reinvestment Plan
For a discussion of the Acquiring Fund's policies with respect to dividends, distributions and taxes, see "Shareholder Information—Dividends and Distributions; Taxes" in the Acquiring Fund's Prospectus, "Taxes" in the Company's Statement of Additional Information, and the discussions herein under "Synopsis—Comparison of the Acquired Fund and Acquiring Fund—Dividends," "Synopsis—Tax Consequences of the Reorganization" and "The Reorganization—Tax Aspects of the Reorganization."
It is the Acquired Fund's present policy, which may be changed by the Board, to distribute to stockholders, on an annual basis, all or substantially all of its investment company taxable income and net capital gain to its stockholders. The Acquired Fund may elect annually to retain for reinvestment any net realized long-term capital gains.
Pursuant to the Acquired Fund's Dividend Reinvestment Plan (the "Plan"), each stockholder is deemed to have elected, unless the Plan Agent (defined below) is otherwise instructed by the stockholder in writing, to have all distributions automatically reinvested by Computershare (the "Plan Agent"), in Acquired Fund shares pursuant to the Plan. Stockholders who do not participate in the Plan receive all distributions in cash paid by check in U.S. dollars mailed directly to the stockholder by Computershare, as paying agent.
The Plan Agent serves as agent for the stockholders in administering the Plan. If the Directors of the Acquired Fund declare an income dividend or realized capital gains distribution payable either in the Acquired Fund's common shares or in cash, as stockholders may have elected, non-participants in the Plan will receive cash and participants in the Plan will receive common shares to be issued by the Acquired Fund. If the market price per common share on the valuation date equals or exceeds NAV per common share on that date, the Acquired Fund will issue new shares to participants at NAV unless the NAV is less than 95% of the market price on the valuation date, in which case, at 95% of the market price. The valuation date will be the dividend or distribution payment date or, if that date is not a trading day on the exchange on which the Acquired Fund's common shares are then listed, the next preceding trading day. If the NAV exceeds the market price of common shares at such time, or if the Acquired Fund should declare a dividend or capital gains distribution payable only in cash, the Plan Agent will, as agent for the participants, buy the Acquired Fund's common shares in the open market, or elsewhere, with the cash in respect of the dividend or distribution, for the participants' account on, or shortly after, the payment date.
The Plan Agent maintains all stockholder accounts in the Plan and furnishes written confirmations of all transactions in the account, including information needed by stockholders for personal and tax records. Shares in the account of each Plan participant are held by the Plan Agent in non-certificated form in the name of the participant, and each stockholder's proxy includes those shares purchased pursuant to the Plan.
In the case of stockholders, such as banks, brokers or nominees, which hold shares for others who are the beneficial owners, the Plan Agent administers the Plan on the basis of the number of shares certified from time to time by the stockholder as representing the total amount registered in the stockholder's name and held for the account of beneficial owners who are participating in the Plan.
There is no charge to participants for reinvesting dividends or distributions. The Plan Agent's fees for the handling of the reinvestment of dividends and distributions are paid by the Fund. However, each participant's account is charged a pro rata share of brokerage commissions incurred with respect to the Plan Agent's open market purchases in connection with the reinvestment of dividends or capital gains distributions. Brokerage charges for purchasing small amounts of stock for individual accounts through the Plan are generally less than the usual brokerage charges, because the Plan Agent purchases stock for all participants in blocks and prorates the lower commission thus attainable.
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The automatic reinvestment of dividends and distributions does not relieve participants of any income tax that may be payable on such dividends and distributions.
The Acquired Fund reserves the right to amend, suspend or terminate the Plan as applied to any voluntary cash payment made and any dividend or distribution paid subsequent to notice of the change sent to all stockholders at least 30 days before the record date for the dividend or distribution. The Plan also may be amended or terminated by the Plan Agent by at least 30 days' written notice to all stockholders.
Purchases, Exchanges and Redemptions
For a discussion of how the Acquiring Fund's shares may be purchased, exchanged and redeemed, see "Shareholder Information—How to Purchase Class I, Class P and Class L Shares," "—How to Redeem Class I, Class P and Class L Shares" and "—Exchange Privilege" in the Acquiring Fund's Prospectus, "Purchase of Shares" and "Redemption of Shares" in the Company's Statement of Additional Information, and the discussion herein under "Synopsis—Comparison of the Acquired Fund and Acquiring Fund—Purchases, Exchanges and Redemptions."
SHARE INFORMATION
The following persons were known to own of record or beneficially 5% or more of the outstanding common shares of the Acquired Fund as of the Record Date. This information is based on publicly available Schedule 13G disclosures filed with the Commission.
Stockholder | Number of Common Shares | Percentage of Outstanding Common Shares | |||||||||
Choate Investment Advisors, LLC Two International Place Boston, MA 02110 | 997,142 common shares with sole power to vote or to direct the vote | 14.13 | % | ||||||||
City of London Investment Group PLC and City of London Investment Management Company Limited 77 Gracechurch Street London, EC3V 0AS England | 876,587 common shares with shared power to vote or to direct the vote | 13.20 | % | ||||||||
Lazard Asset Management LLC 30 Rockefeller Plaza New York, New York 10112 | 363,812 common shares with sole power to vote or to direct the vote | 5.46 | % | ||||||||
As of the Record Date, the Directors and officers of the Acquired Fund, as a group, owned less than 1% of the outstanding common shares of the Acquired Fund.
The Acquiring Fund is a newly created series of the Company and had no outstanding shares as of the date of this Proxy Statement and Prospectus.
PRINCIPAL RISK FACTORS
For a complete discussion of the risks of the Acquiring Fund, see "Details of the Portfolio—Risks" and "Additional Information about the Portfolio's Investment Strategies and Risks" in the Acquiring Fund's Prospectus attached hereto as Exhibit B. The principal risks and additional risks associated with an investment in the Acquired Fund are summarized below.
Frontier Emerging Market Securities. Investing in the securities of issuers operating in frontier emerging markets involves a high degree of risk and special considerations not typically associated with investing in the securities of other foreign or U.S. issuers. In addition, the risks associated with investing in the securities of issuers operating in emerging market countries are magnified when investing in frontier emerging market countries. These
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types of investments could be affected by factors not usually associated with investments in U.S. issuers, including risks associated with expropriation and/or nationalization, political or social instability, pervasiveness of corruption and crime, armed conflict, the impact on the economy of civil war, religious or ethnic unrest and the withdrawal or non-renewal of any license enabling the Acquired Fund to trade in securities of a particular country, confiscatory taxation, restrictions on transfers of assets, lack of uniform accounting, auditing and financial reporting standards, less publicly available financial and other information, diplomatic development which could affect U.S. investments in those countries and potential difficulties in enforcing contractual obligations. These risks and special considerations make investments in companies operating in frontier emerging market countries highly speculative in nature and, accordingly, an investment in the Acquired Fund's common shares must be viewed as highly speculative in nature and may not be suitable for an investor who is not able to afford the loss of his or her entire investment. To the extent that the Acquired Fund invests a significant percentage of its assets in a single frontier emerging market country, the Acquired Fund will be subject to heightened risk associated with investing in frontier emerging market countries and additional risks associated with that particular country.
Economic Risk. The economies of individual frontier emerging market countries may differ favorably or unfavorably from the U.S. economy in such respects as growth of gross domestic product, rate of inflation, currency depreciation, capital reinvestment, resource self-sufficiency and balance of payments position. Governments of many frontier emerging market countries have exercised and continue to exercise substantial influence over many aspects of the private sector. In some cases, the government owns or controls many companies, including some of the largest in the country. Accordingly, government actions could have a significant effect on economic conditions in a frontier emerging market country and on market conditions, prices and yields of securities in the Acquired Fund's portfolio. Moreover, the economies of frontier emerging market countries may be heavily dependent upon international trade and, accordingly, have been and may continue to be adversely affected by trade barriers, exchange controls, managed adjustments in relative currency values and other protectionist measures imposed or negotiated by the countries with which they trade. These economies also have been and may continue to be adversely affected by economic conditions in the countries with which they trade.
In addition, the inter-relatedness of the economies in frontier emerging market countries has deepened over the years, with the effect that economic difficulties in one country often spread throughout a region or even among all or most markets of frontier emerging market countries, an effect that may vitiate any attempt by the Acquired Fund to reduce risk through geographic diversification of its portfolio investments.
Financial Market Risk. The financial markets of frontier emerging market countries have, for the most part, substantially less volume than more developed markets, and securities of many companies are less liquid and their prices are more volatile than securities of comparable companies in more sizeable markets. There are also varying levels of government supervision and regulation of exchanges, financial institutions and issuers in various countries. In addition, the manner in which foreign investors may invest in securities in certain countries, as well as limitations on such investments, may affect the investment operations of the Acquired Fund.
Concentration Risk. Investment opportunities in many frontier emerging markets may be concentrated in the banking industry. Based on the Acquired Fund's investment restriction regarding concentration, the Acquired Fund, at all times, is required to invest 25% or more of its total assets in the securities of issuers in the banking industry. As a result, the Acquired Fund may have a high concentration of investments in the banking industry. The banking industry can be affected by global and local economic conditions, such as the levels and liquidity of the global and local financial and asset markets, the absolute and relative level and volatility of interest rates and equity prices, investor sentiment, inflation, and the availability and cost of credit. Adverse developments in these conditions can have a greater adverse effect on the banking industry of a frontier emerging market economy than on other industries of its economy. Because the Acquired Fund's investments will be concentrated in the banking industry, factors that have an adverse impact on this industry may have a disproportionate impact on the Acquired Fund's performance.
Securities Market Risk. Investments in securities of issuers operating in frontier emerging market countries may also be exposed to an extra degree of custodial ownership and/or market risk, especially where the securities purchased are not traded on an official exchange or where ownership records regarding the securities are maintained
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by an unregulated entity (or even the issuer itself). In some countries, market practice may require that payment shall be made prior to receipt of the security which is being purchased, or that delivery of a security must be made before payment is received. In such cases, default by a broker or bank through whom the relevant transaction is effected might result in a loss being suffered by the Acquired Fund. In addition, there is generally less governmental supervision and regulation of stock exchanges, brokers and listed issuers than in the United States. The Adviser seeks, where possible, to cause the Acquired Fund to use counterparties whose financial status is such that this risk is reduced. However, there can be no certainty that the Adviser will be successful in eliminating this risk for the Acquired Fund, particularly as counterparties operating in frontier emerging market countries frequently lack the substance or financial resources of those in developed countries. There may also be a danger that, because of uncertainties in the operation of settlement systems in individual markets, competing claims may arise in respect of securities held by or to be transferred to the Acquired Fund. Furthermore, compensation schemes may be non-existent or limited or inadequate to meet the Acquired Fund's claims in any of these events.
Investment and Repatriation Restrictions. Investment in equity securities of issuers operating in certain frontier emerging market countries is restricted or controlled to varying degrees. These restrictions or controls may at times limit or preclude foreign investment in equity securities of issuers operating in certain frontier emerging market countries and increase the costs and expenses of the Acquired Fund. Certain frontier emerging market countries require governmental approval prior to investments by foreign persons, limit the amount of investment by foreign persons in a particular issuer, limit the investment by foreign persons only to a specific class of securities of an issuer that may have less advantageous rights than the classes available for purchase by domiciliaries of the countries and/or impose additional taxes on foreign investors. Certain frontier emerging market countries may also restrict investment opportunities in issuers in industries deemed important to national interests.
Frontier emerging market countries may require governmental approval for the repatriation of investment income, capital or the proceeds of sales of securities by foreign investors. In addition, if a deterioration occurs in a frontier emerging market country's balance of payments, the country could impose temporary restrictions on foreign capital remittances. The Acquired Fund could be adversely affected by delays in, or a refusal to grant, any required governmental approval for repatriation of capital, as well as by the application to the Acquired Fund of any restrictions on investments. Investing in local markets in frontier emerging market countries may require the Acquired Fund to adopt special procedures, seek local government approvals or take other actions, each of which may involve additional costs to the Acquired Fund.
Entities with No or Poor Credit Ratings. Investment in frontier emerging market countries may entail purchasing securities issued by or on behalf of entities that are insolvent, bankrupt, in default or otherwise engaged in an attempt to reorganize or reschedule their obligations and in entities that have little or no proven credit rating or credit history. In any such case, the issuer's poor or deteriorating financial condition may increase the likelihood that the Acquired Fund will experience losses or diminution in available gains due to bankruptcy, insolvency or fraud.
Tax Regulations. Certain foreign governments levy withholding or other taxes on dividend and interest income. Although in some countries a portion of these taxes are recoverable, the non-recovered portion of foreign withholding taxes will reduce the income received from investments in such countries.
International Sanctions. From time to time, certain of the companies in which the Acquired Fund expects to invest may operate in, or have dealings with, countries subject to sanctions or embargoes imposed by the U.S. government and the United Nations and/or countries identified by the U.S. government as state sponsors of terrorism. A company may suffer damage to its reputation if it is identified as a company which operates in, or has dealings with, countries subject to sanctions or embargoes imposed by the U.S. government and the United Nations and/or countries identified by the U.S. government as state sponsors of terrorism. As an investor in such companies, the Acquired Fund will be indirectly subject to those risks.
Common Stock Risk. The Acquired Fund's investments include common stocks. In general, common stock values fluctuate in response to activities specific to the company as well as general market, economic and political conditions. Stock prices can fluctuate widely in response to these factors.
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Foreign Currency Considerations. The Acquired Fund invests directly in equity securities of issuers operating in frontier emerging market countries that are denominated in the local currency. The Acquired Fund is subject to the risk that those currencies will decline in value relative to the U.S. dollar. The values of the currencies of the frontier emerging market countries in which the Acquired Fund may invest may be subject to a high degree of fluctuation due to changes in interest rates, the effects of monetary policies of the United States, foreign governments, central banks or supranational entities, the imposition of currency controls or other national or global political or economic developments. Therefore, the Acquired Fund's exposure to foreign currencies may result in reduced returns to the Acquired Fund.
The Acquired Fund computes and distributes its income in U.S. dollars, and the computation of income is made on the date that the income is earned by the Acquired Fund at the foreign exchange rate in effect on that date. If the value of the foreign currencies in which the Acquired Fund receives its income falls relative to the U.S. dollar between the earning of the income and the time at which the Acquired Fund converts the foreign currencies to U.S. dollars, the Acquired Fund may be required to liquidate securities in order to make distributions if the Acquired Fund has insufficient cash in U.S. dollars to meet distribution requirements. See "Dividends and Distributions; Dividend Reinvestment Plan." The liquidation of investments, if required, may have an adverse impact on the Acquired Fund's performance.
Since the Acquired Fund invests in equity securities of issuers operating in frontier emerging market countries that are denominated in the local currency, changes in foreign currency exchange rates will affect the value of securities in the Acquired Fund's portfolio and the unrealized appreciation or depreciation of investments. In addition to changes in the value of the Acquired Fund's portfolio investments resulting from currency fluctuations, the Acquired Fund may incur costs in connection with conversions between various currencies. Foreign exchange dealers realize a profit based on the difference between the prices at which they are buying and selling various currencies. Thus, a dealer normally will offer to sell a foreign currency to the Acquired Fund at one rate, while offering a lesser rate of exchange should the Acquired Fund desire immediately to resell that currency to the dealer. The Acquired Fund conducts its foreign currency exchange transactions either on a spot (i.e., cash) basis at the spot rate prevailing in the foreign currency exchange market, or through entering into forward, futures or options contracts to purchase or sell foreign currencies.
The Acquired Fund may, from time to time, seek to protect the value of some portion or all of its portfolio holdings against currency risks by engaging in currency hedging transactions. There is no limitation on the extent to which the Acquired Fund may engage in currency hedging transactions. Such transactions may include entering into forward currency exchange contracts, currency futures contracts and options on such futures contracts, as well as purchasing put or call options on currencies, in U.S. or foreign markets. Currency hedging involves special risks, including possible default by the other party to the transaction, illiquidity and, to the extent the Adviser's view as to certain market movements is incorrect, the risk that the use of hedging could result in losses greater than if they had not been used. The Adviser may in its discretion choose not to hedge against currency risk. In addition, in certain countries in which the Acquired Fund may invest or in certain market conditions, currency hedging opportunities may not be available or it may be uneconomical to do so.
Depositary Receipts. Depositary Receipts are instruments that represent interests in companies trading outside the markets in which the Depositary Receipts are traded. Accordingly, while Depositary Receipts are traded on recognized exchanges, there may be other risks associated with such instruments to consider, for example, the interests underlying the Depositary Receipts may be subject to political, economic, inflationary, exchange rate, custody or other risks in markets outside those in which the Depositary Receipts are traded.
Convertible Securities Risk. The Acquired Fund may invest in securities that are convertible into common stock or other securities of the same or a different issuer or into cash within a particular period of time at a specified price or formula. Convertible securities are generally debt securities (but may include preferred stock) and generally rank senior to common stocks in an issuer's capital structure and, therefore, entail less risk than the issuer's common stock. The value of a convertible security is a function of its "investment value" (its value as if it did not have a conversion privilege), and its "conversion value" (the security's worth if it were to be exchanged for the underlying security, at market value, pursuant to its conversion privilege).
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To the extent that a convertible security's investment value is greater than its conversion value, its price will be primarily a reflection of such investment value and its price will be likely to increase when interest rates fall and decrease when interest rates rise, as with a debt security (the credit standing of the issuer and other factors may also have an effect on the convertible security's value). If the conversion value exceeds the investment value, the price of the convertible security will rise above its investment value and, in addition, will generally trade at some premium over its conversion value. (This premium represents the price investors are willing to pay for the privilege of purchasing a debt security with a possibility of capital appreciation due to the conversion privilege.) At such times the price of the convertible security will tend to fluctuate directly with the price of the underlying equity security. Convertible securities may be purchased by the Acquired Fund at varying price levels above their investment values and/or their conversion values in keeping with the Acquired Fund's objectives.
The Acquired Fund may invest in convertible securities rated below investment grade, which may be referred to as "junk." Although the Acquired Fund selects these securities primarily on the basis of their equity characteristics, investors should be aware that convertible securities rated in these categories are considered high risk securities; the rating agencies consider them speculative with respect to the issuer's continuing ability to make timely payments of interest and principal. Thus, to the extent that such convertible securities are acquired by the Acquired Fund, there is a greater risk as to the timely repayment of the principal of, and timely payment of interest or dividends on, such securities than in the case of higher-rated convertible securities.
There are additional special risks associated with the Acquired Fund's investments in "exchangeable" and "synthetic" convertible securities. These securities may be more volatile and less liquid than traditional convertible securities.
Risks of Investing in Other Investment Companies. Subject to the limitations set forth in the 1940 Act or as otherwise permitted by the Commission, the Acquired Fund may acquire shares in other investment companies, including foreign investment companies and ETFs, which may be managed by the Adviser or its affiliates. The market value of the shares of other investment companies may differ from the NAV of the particular fund. The shares of closed-end investment companies frequently trade at a discount to their NAV. As a stockholder in an investment company, the Acquired Fund would bear its ratable share of that entity's expenses, including its investment advisory and administration fees. At the same time, the Acquired Fund would continue to pay its own advisory and administration fees and other expenses. As a result, the Acquired Fund and its stockholders, in effect, will be absorbing duplicate levels of fees with respect to investments in other investment companies.
Exchange-Traded Funds. The Acquired Fund may purchase shares of various ETFs. Shares of ETFs have many of the same risks as direct investments in common stocks or bonds. In addition, their market value is expected to rise and fall as the value of the underlying index or security rises and falls. The market value of their shares may differ from the NAV of the particular fund. As a stockholder in an ETF (as with other investment companies), the Acquired Fund would bear its ratable share of that entity's expenses. At the same time, the Acquired Fund would continue to pay its own investment management fees and other expenses. As a result, the Acquired Fund and its stockholders, in effect, will be absorbing duplicate levels of fees with respect to investments in ETFs.
Risks of Engaging in Strategic Transactions. Strategic Transactions involve risks, including the imperfect correlation between the value of such instruments and the underlying assets, the possible default by the other party to the transaction, illiquidity of the derivative instrument, potential mispricing or improper valuation of the derivative instrument and, to the extent the Adviser's prediction as to certain market movements is incorrect, the risk that the use of such Strategic Transactions could result in losses greater than if they had not been used. Strategic Transactions which are used to gain exposure to frontier emerging market countries may be more susceptible to these kinds of risks as a result of certain characteristics of the underlying frontier emerging market, such as illiquid or infrequent trading and volatility of market prices. In addition, it may not always be possible to enter into derivatives contracts in, or in respect of, certain frontier emerging market countries if, in the country in question, Strategic Transactions are deemed to be illegal gaming contracts, or netting is not a recognized legal concept, or appropriate OTC derivative documentation is not available.
The Acquired Fund's investments in interest rate and total return swaps do not involve the delivery of securities, other underlying assets or principal. Accordingly, the risk of loss with respect to interest rate and total return swaps
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is limited to the net amount of interest payments that the Acquired Fund is contractually obligated to make. If the other party to an interest rate or total return swap defaults, the Acquired Fund's risk of loss consists of the net amount of interest payments that the Acquired Fund is contractually entitled to receive. In contrast, currency swaps may involve the delivery of the entire principal value of one designated currency in exchange for the other designated currency. Therefore, the entire principal value of a currency swap may be subject to the risk that the other party to the swap will default on its contractual delivery obligations. If there is a default by the counterparty, the Acquired Fund may have contractual remedies pursuant to the agreements related to the transaction. The swap market has grown substantially in recent years with a large number of banks and investment banking firms acting both as principals and as agents utilizing standardized swap documentation. The use of swaps is a highly specialized activity that involves investment techniques and risks different from those associated with ordinary portfolio securities transactions. If the Adviser is incorrect in its forecasts of market values, interest rates and currency exchange rates, the investment performance of the Acquired Fund would be less favorable than it would have been if this investment technique were not used.
A CFD is a privately negotiated contract between two parties, buyer and seller, stipulating that the seller will pay to or receive from the buyer the difference between the nominal value of the underlying instrument at the opening of the contract and that instrument's value at the end of the contract. The underlying instrument may be a single security, stock basket or index. A CFD can be set up to take either a short or long position on the underlying instrument. The buyer and seller are both required to post margin, which is adjusted daily. The buyer will also pay to the seller a financing rate on the notional amount of the capital employed by the seller less the margin deposit. A CFD is usually terminated at the buyer's initiative. As is the case with owning any financial instrument, there is the risk of loss associated with buying a CFD. There may be liquidity risk if the underlying instrument is illiquid because the liquidity of a CFD is based on the liquidity of the underlying instrument. A further risk is that adverse movements in the underlying security will require the buyer to post additional margin. CFDs also carry counterparty risk, i.e., the risk that the counterparty to the CFD transaction may be unable or unwilling to make payments or to otherwise honor its financial obligations under the terms of the contract. If the counterparty were to do so, the value of the contract, and of the Acquired Fund's shares, may be reduced.
Entry into a CFD transaction may, in certain circumstances, require the payment of an initial margin and adverse market movements against the underlying stock may require the buyer to make additional margin payments. CFDs may be considered illiquid. To the extent that there is an imperfect correlation between the return on the Acquired Fund's obligation to its counterparty under the CFDs and the return on related assets in its portfolio, the CFD transaction may increase the Acquired Fund's financial risk. The Acquired Fund will not enter into a CFD transaction that is inconsistent with its investment objective, policies and strategies.
Warrants give holders the right, but not the obligation, to buy common stock of an issuer at a given price, usually higher than the market price at the time of issuance, during a specified period. Warrants are usually freely transferable. The risk of investing in a warrant is that the warrant may expire prior to the market value of the common stock exceeding the price fixed by the warrant.
Structured notes are derivative securities for which the amount of principal repayment and/or interest payments is based on the movement of one or more factors. These factors include, but are not limited to, currency exchange rates, interest rates (such as the prime lending rate or LIBOR), referenced bonds and stock indices. Some of these factors may or may not correlate to the total rate of return on one or more underlying instruments referenced in such notes. In some cases, the impact of the movements of these factors may increase or decrease through the use of multipliers or deflators. When investing in structured notes, it is impossible to predict whether the underlying index or price of the underlying security will rise or fall, but prices of the underlying indices and securities (and, therefore, the prices of structured notes) will be influenced by the same types of political and economic events that affect particular issuers of securities and capital markets generally.
The Acquired Fund's use of forward contracts and futures transactions entails certain special risks. In particular, the variable degree of correlation between price movements of futures contracts and price movements in the related portfolio position of the Acquired Fund could create the possibility that losses on the hedging instrument will be greater than gains in the value of the Acquired Fund's position. In addition, futures markets could be illiquid in
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some circumstances. As a result, in certain markets, the Acquired Fund might not be able to close out a position without incurring substantial losses. To the extent that the Acquired Fund utilizes forwards or futures transactions for hedging, such transactions should tend to minimize the risk of loss due to a decline in the value of the hedged position and, at the same time, limit any potential gain to the Acquired Fund that might result from an increase in value of the position. There is no limit on the amount of the Acquired Fund's assets that can be put at risk through the use of forwards and futures contracts thereon. In addition, the daily variation margin requirements for futures contracts create an ongoing potential financial risk. Losses resulting from the use of hedging will reduce the Acquired Fund's NAV, and possibly income, and the losses can be greater than if hedging had not been used. The Acquired Fund may be limited in its ability to enter into hedging transactions involving forward contracts by the requirements of the Code relating to qualification as a regulated investment company. Forward contracts may limit gains on portfolio securities that could otherwise be realized had they not been utilized and could result in losses. The contracts also may increase the Acquired Fund's volatility and may involve a significant amount of risk relative to the investment of cash.
Small- and Medium-Capitalization Companies. Companies in frontier emerging markets generally do not have large market capitalizations. The Acquired Fund's investments in small- and medium-capitalization companies carry more risk than investments in larger companies. While some of the Acquired Fund's holdings in these companies may be listed on a local securities exchange, such securities are more likely to be traded in the over-the-counter market. The low market liquidity of these securities may have an adverse impact on the Acquired Fund's ability to sell certain securities at favorable prices and may also make it difficult for the Acquired Fund to obtain market quotations based on actual trades for purposes of valuing the Acquired Fund's securities. Investing in lesser-known, small- and medium-capitalization companies involves greater risk of volatility of the Acquired Fund's NAV than is customarily associated with larger, more established companies. Often small- and medium-capitalization companies and the industries in which they are focused are still evolving and, while this may offer better growth potential than larger, more established companies, it also may make them more sensitive to changing market conditions.
Additional Risk Considerations
Sovereign Debt Securities Risk. Investments in frontier emerging market countries' government debt securities involve special risks. Certain frontier emerging market countries have historically experienced, and may continue to experience, high rates of inflation, high interest rates, exchange rate fluctuations, large amounts of external debt, balance of payments and trade difficulties and extreme poverty and unemployment. The issuer or governmental authority that controls the repayment of a frontier emerging country's debt may not be able or willing to repay the principal and/or interest when due in accordance with the terms of such debt. A debtor's willingness or ability to repay principal and interest due in a timely manner may be affected by, among other factors, its cash flow situation and, in the case of a government debtor, the extent of its foreign reserves, the availability of sufficient foreign exchange on the date a payment is due, the relative size of the debt service burden to the economy as a whole, the government debtor's policy towards the International Monetary Fund and the political constraints to which a government debtor may be subject. Government debtors may default on their debt and may also be dependent on expected disbursements from foreign governments, multilateral agencies and others abroad to reduce principal and interest arrearages on their debt. The commitment on the part of these governments, agencies and others to make such disbursements may be conditioned on a debtor's implementation of economic reforms and/or economic performance and the timely service of such debtor's obligations. Failure to implement such reforms, achieve such levels of economic performance or repay principal or interest when due may result in the cancellation of such third parties' commitments to lend funds to the government debtor, which may further impair such debtor's ability or willingness to service its debts on a timely basis. Holders of government debt, including the Acquired Fund, may be requested to participate in the rescheduling of such debt and to extend further loans to government debtors.
As a result of the foregoing, a government obligor may default on its obligations. If such an event occurs, the Acquired Fund may have limited legal recourse against the issuer and/or guarantor. Remedies must, in some cases, be pursued in the courts of the defaulting party itself, and the ability of the holder of foreign government debt securities to obtain recourse may be subject to the political climate in the relevant country. In addition, no assurance
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can be given that the holders of commercial bank debt will not contest payments to the holders of other foreign government debt obligations in the event of default under their commercial bank loan agreements.
Investments in frontier emerging market countries' government debt securities involve currency risk. Currency exchange rates may be negatively impacted by rates of inflation, interest rate levels, balance of payments and governmental surpluses or deficits in the frontier emerging market countries in which the Acquired Fund invests. Governments that issue sovereign debt obligations may engage in certain techniques to control the value of their local currencies. Such techniques include central bank intervention, imposition of regulatory controls or the imposition of taxes that may impact the exchange rates of the local currencies in which the debt obligations are denominated. Frontier emerging market countries may also issue a new currency to replace an existing currency or may devaluate their currencies. The liquidity and market values of the Acquired Fund's investments in debt obligations of issuers located in frontier emerging market countries may be impacted by the actions of the governments of the frontier emerging market countries in which the Acquired Fund invests.
The issuers of the government debt securities in which the Acquired Fund expects to invest have in the past experienced substantial difficulties in servicing their external debt obligations, which led to defaults on certain obligations and the restructuring of certain indebtedness. Restructuring arrangements have included, among other things, reducing and rescheduling interest and principal payments by negotiating new or amended credit agreements, and obtaining new credit to finance interest payments. Holders of certain foreign government debt securities may be requested to participate in the restructuring of such obligations and to extend further loans to their issuers. There can be no assurance that the foreign government debt securities in which the Acquired Fund may invest will not be subject to similar restructuring arrangements or to requests for new credit which may adversely affect the Acquired Fund's holdings. Furthermore, certain participants in the secondary market for such debt may be directly involved in negotiating the terms of these arrangements and may therefore have access to information not available to other market participants.
Corporate Debt Obligations Risk. Prices of corporate debt obligations fluctuate and, in particular, are subject to several key risks including, but not limited to, interest-rate risk, credit risk, prepayment risk and spread risk. The market value of a corporate bond also may be affected by the credit rating of the corporation, the corporation's performance and perceptions of the corporation in the market place. There is a risk that the issuers of the corporate debt obligations in which the Acquired Fund may invest may not be able to meet their obligations on interest or principal payments at the time called for by an instrument.
Debt Securities Risk. All debt securities are subject to two types of risk: credit risk and interest rate risk. Credit risk refers to the possibility that the issuer of a security will be unable to make interest payments and/or repay the principal on its debt. Interest rate risk refers to fluctuations in the value of a debt security resulting from changes in the general level of interest rates. When the general level of interest rates goes up, the prices of most debt securities go down. When the general level of interest rates goes down, the prices of most debt securities go up. (Zero coupon securities are typically subject to greater price fluctuations than comparable securities that pay interest.)
Loan Participations and Assignments Risk. The Acquired Fund may invest in fixed and floating rate loans arranged through private negotiations between an issuer of sovereign debt obligations and one or more financial institutions. The Acquired Fund's investments in loans in most instances will be in the form of participations in loans or assignments of all or a portion of loans from third parties. In connection with purchasing participations, the Acquired Fund generally will have no right to enforce compliance by the borrower with the terms of the loan agreement relating to the loan, nor any rights of set-off against the borrower, and the Acquired Fund may not directly benefit from any collateral supporting the Loan in which it has purchased the Participation. As a result, the Acquired Fund may be subject to the credit risk of both the borrower and the lender that is selling the participation. In the event of the insolvency of the lender selling a participation, the Acquired Fund may be treated as a general creditor of the lender and may not benefit from any set-off between the lender and the borrower. Certain participations may be structured in a manner designed to avoid purchasers of participations being subject to the credit risk of the lender with respect to the participation, but even under such a structure, in the event of the lender's insolvency, the lender's servicing of the participation may be delayed and the assignability of the participation impaired. The Acquired
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Fund will acquire participations only if the lender interpositioned between the Acquired Fund and the borrower is determined by the Adviser to be creditworthy.
The Acquired Fund may have difficulty disposing of assignments and participations because to do so it will have to assign such securities to a third party. Because there is no liquid market for such securities, the Acquired Fund anticipates that such securities could be sold only to a limited number of institutional investors. The lack of a liquid secondary market may have an adverse impact on the value of such securities and the Acquired Fund's ability to dispose of particular Assignments or Participations when necessary to meet the Acquired Fund's liquidity needs or in response to a specific economic event such as a deterioration in the creditworthiness of the borrower. The lack of a liquid secondary market for assignments and participations also may make it more difficult for the Acquired Fund to assign a value to these securities for purposes of valuing the Acquired Fund's portfolio and calculating its NAV.
Yankee Dollar Obligations, Eurobonds and Global Bonds Risk. Yankee dollar obligations, eurobonds and global bonds are subject to the same risks as other debt issues, notably credit risk, market risk, currency and liquidity risk. To a limited extent, they may also be subject to certain sovereign risks. One such risk is the possibility that a sovereign country might prevent capital, in the form of the currency in which the securities are denominated, from flowing across its borders. Other risks include adverse political and economic developments; the extent and quality of government regulations of financial markets and institutions; the imposition of foreign withholding taxes; and the expropriation or nationalization of foreign issuers.
Repurchase Agreements Risk. Subject to its investment objective and policies, the Acquired Fund may invest without limit in repurchase agreements. Repurchase agreements typically involve the acquisition by the Acquired Fund of debt securities from a selling financial institution such as a bank, savings and loan association or broker-dealer. The agreement provides that the Acquired Fund will sell the securities back to the institution at a fixed time in the future. The Acquired Fund does not bear the risk of a decline in the value of the underlying security unless the seller defaults under its repurchase obligation. In the event of the bankruptcy or other default of a seller of a repurchase agreement, the Acquired Fund could experience both delays in liquidating the underlying securities and losses, including (a) possible decline in the value of the underlying security during the period while the Acquired Fund seeks to enforce its rights thereto; (b) possible lack of access to income on the underlying security during this period; and (c) expenses of enforcing its rights. While repurchase agreements involve certain risks not associated with direct investments in debt securities, the Acquired Fund follows procedures approved by the Acquired Fund's Board of Directors that are designed to minimize such risks. These procedures include effecting repurchase transactions only with large, well-capitalized and well-established financial institutions whose financial condition will be continually monitored by the Adviser. In addition, as described above, the value of the collateral underlying the repurchase agreement will be at least equal to the repurchase price, including any accrued interest earned on the repurchase agreement. In the event of a default or bankruptcy by a selling financial institution, the Acquired Fund generally will seek to liquidate such collateral. However, the exercising of the Acquired Fund's right to liquidate such collateral could involve certain costs or delays and, to the extent that proceeds from any sale upon a default of the obligation to repurchase were less than the repurchase price, the Acquired Fund could suffer a loss. With regard to reverse repurchase agreements, there is a risk that the buyer of the securities sold by the Acquired Fund may not deliver them at the time that the Acquired Fund seeks to repurchase.
Lower Rated and Unrated Securities Risk. The Acquired Fund may invest in securities that are generally considered to have a credit quality rated below investment grade by a nationally recognized statistical rating organization such as Moody's Investors Service, Inc. ("Moody's") and Standard & Poor's Rating Services, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. ("S&P"). Non-investment grade securities (that is, rated Ba1 or lower by Moody's or BB+ or lower by S&P) are commonly referred to as "junk bonds" and are regarded as predominantly speculative with respect to the issuer's capacity to pay interest and repay principal in accordance with the terms of the obligations and involve major risk exposure to adverse conditions. The Acquired Fund may invest in defaulted securities. Some of the debt securities held by the Acquired Fund, which may not be paying interest currently or may be in payment default, may be comparable to securities rated as low as C by Moody's or CCC or lower by S&P. These securities are considered to have extremely poor prospects of ever attaining any real investment standing, to have a current identifiable vulnerability to default, to be unlikely to have the capacity to pay interest and repay
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principal when due in the event of adverse business, financial or economic conditions and/or to be in default or not current in the payment of interest or principal.
Debt instruments rated below investment grade and unrated debt instruments generally offer a higher current yield than that available from higher grade issues, but typically involve greater risk. Securities rated below investment grade and unrated securities are especially subject to adverse changes in general economic conditions, to changes in the financial condition of their issuers and to price fluctuation in response to changes in interest rates. During periods of economic downturn or rising interest rates, issuers of instruments rated below investment grade and unrated instruments may experience financial stress that could adversely affect their ability to make payments of principal and interest and increase the possibility of default. Adverse publicity and investor perceptions, whether or not based on fundamental analysis, may also decrease the values and liquidity of securities rated below investment grade and unrated securities especially in a market characterized by a low volume of trading.
Tax Risk. The Acquired Fund intends to elect to be treated and to qualify each year as a "regulated investment company" under the Code. If the Acquired Fund qualifies as a regulated investment company, it generally will not be subject to U.S. federal income tax on its net investment income, including net capital gain, distributed (or deemed distributed, as described below) to stockholders, provided that, for each taxable year, the Acquired Fund distributes (or is treated as distributing) to its stockholders an amount equal to or exceeding 90% of its "investment company taxable income" as that term is defined in the Code (which includes, among other things, dividends, taxable interest and the excess of any net short-term capital gains over net long-term capital losses, as reduced by certain deductible expenses). The Acquired Fund intends to distribute annually all or substantially all of its investment company taxable income and net capital gain. In order for the Acquired Fund to qualify as a regulated investment company in any taxable year, the Acquired Fund must meet certain asset diversification tests and at least 90% of its gross income for such year must be from certain types of qualifying income. Foreign currency gains will generally be treated as qualifying income for purposes of the 90% gross income requirement as long as such gains are derived with respect to the business of investing in stocks, securities or such currencies. However, the U.S. Treasury Department has authority to issue regulations in the future that could treat some or all of the Acquired Fund's foreign currency gains as non-qualifying income, thereby jeopardizing the Acquired Fund's status as a regulated investment company for all years to which the regulations are applicable. If for any taxable year the Acquired Fund did not qualify as a regulated investment company, it would be treated as a corporation subject to U.S. federal income tax, thereby subjecting any income earned by the Acquired Fund to tax at the corporate level (currently, at a maximum U.S. federal tax rate of 35%) and, when such income is distributed, to a further tax at the stockholder level to the extent of the Acquired Fund's current or accumulated earnings and profits.
Investment Risk. You may lose money by investing in the Acquired Fund, including the possibility that you may lose all of your investment. An investment in the Acquired Fund is not a deposit in a bank and is not insured or guaranteed by the U.S. Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation or any other governmental agency.
The Acquired Fund is intended to be a long-term investment vehicle and is not designed to provide investors with a means of speculating on short-term stock market movements. Investors should not consider the Acquired Fund a complete investment program.
Net Asset Value Discount. Frequently, shares of closed-end investment companies, such as the Acquired Fund, trade at a price below their NAV, commonly referred to as a "discount." Historically, shares of closed-end funds have traded at a discount to their NAV and the Acquired Fund cannot predict whether its shares will trade at a discount to their NAV. Immediately following the offering, the NAV of the Acquired Fund's shares will be reduced by offering costs paid by the Acquired Fund creating an increased risk that the Acquired Fund will trade at a discount to its NAV for a period following the offering. Therefore, there is an added risk to investors who may sell their shares shortly after the offering. Before making an investment decision, a prospective investor should consider the suitability of this investment with respect to the investor's investment objectives and personal situation.
Inflation Risk. Inflation risk refers to fluctuations in the value of currency. Inflation decreases the value of money, thereby decreasing the real value of the Acquired Fund's future investment returns. To the extent that inflation occurs, it will reduce the real value of dividends paid by the Acquired Fund and the Acquired Fund's common shares. Most frontier emerging market countries are high growth economies which are particularly prone
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to, and have in fact experienced substantial, and in some periods extremely high and volatile, rates of inflation. Inflation and rapid fluctuations in inflation rates have had and may continue to have very negative effects on the economies and securities markets of certain frontier emerging market countries. In an attempt to control inflation, wage and price controls have been imposed at times in certain countries.
Illiquid Investments. Investment of the Acquired Fund's assets in illiquid securities may restrict the ability of the Acquired Fund to dispose of its investments in a timely fashion and for a fair price, as well as its ability to take advantage of market opportunities. The risks associated with illiquidity will be particularly acute in situations in which the Acquired Fund's operations require cash, such as when the Acquired Fund pays dividends or distributions or if the Acquired Fund repurchases common shares, and could result in the Acquired Fund borrowing to meet short-term cash requirements or incurring capital losses on the sale of illiquid investments.
Counterparty Risk. The Acquired Fund will be subject to credit risk with respect to the counterparties to any Strategic Transactions entered into by the Acquired Fund. If a counterparty becomes bankrupt or otherwise fails to perform its obligations in connection with a Strategic Transaction due to financial difficulties, the Acquired Fund may experience significant delays in obtaining any recovery in connection with the Strategic Transaction in bankruptcy or other reorganization proceeding. The Acquired Fund may obtain only a limited recovery or may obtain no recovery in such circumstances.
Risks of Lending Portfolio Securities. The Acquired Fund may lend its portfolio securities to brokers, dealers, domestic and foreign banks and other institutional investors. By lending its portfolio securities, the Acquired Fund will attempt to earn incremental income on portfolio securities through the receipt of interest on the cash collateral with respect to the loan or fees received from the borrower in connection with the loan. Any gain or loss in the market price of the securities loaned that might occur during the term of the loan would be for the account of the Acquired Fund. The Acquired Fund employs an agent to implement the securities lending program and the agent receives a fee from the Acquired Fund for its services. The Acquired Fund will not lend more than 331/3% of the value of its net assets. The Acquired Fund may lend its portfolio securities consistent with the Acquired Fund's investment objective so long as the terms, structure and the aggregate amount of such loans are not inconsistent with the Investment Company Act or the rules and regulations or interpretations of the Commission thereunder, which currently require that (i) the borrower pledge and maintain with the Acquired Fund collateral consisting of liquid, unencumbered assets having a value at all times not less than 100% of the value of the securities loaned; (ii) the borrower add to such collateral whenever the price of the securities loaned rises (i.e., the borrower "marks to market" on a daily basis); (iii) the loan be made subject to termination by the Acquired Fund at any time; and (iv) the Acquired Fund receive a reasonable return on the loan (which may include the Acquired Fund investing any cash collateral in interest bearing short-term investments), any distributions on the loaned securities and any increase in their market value. In addition, voting rights may pass with the loaned securities, but the Acquired Fund retains the right to call any security in anticipation of a vote that the Adviser deems material to the security on loan. There may be risks of delay and costs involved in recovery of securities or even loss of rights in the collateral should the borrower of the securities fail financially. These delays and costs could be greater for foreign securities. However, loans will be made only to borrowers deemed by the Adviser to be creditworthy and when, in the judgment of the Adviser, the income that can be earned from such securities loans justifies the attendant risk. All relevant facts and circumstances, including the creditworthiness of the broker, dealer, bank or institution, will be considered in making decisions with respect to the lending of securities, subject to review by the Acquired Fund's Board of Directors. The Acquired Fund also bears the risk that the reinvestment of collateral will result in a principal loss. Finally, there is the risk that the price of the securities will increase while they are on loan and the collateral will not be adequate to cover their value.
Portfolio Turnover Risk. The Acquired Fund may engage in active and frequent trading of its portfolio securities. The Acquired Fund's annual portfolio turnover rate may be greater than 100%. There are no limits on the rate of portfolio turnover, and investments may be sold without regard to length of time held by the Acquired Fund. A high portfolio turnover rate (over 100%) could result in high brokerage costs and an increase in taxable capital gains distributions to the stockholders.
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Certain Affiliations. Certain broker-dealers, including Morgan Stanley & Co. LLC, will be considered affiliated persons of the Acquired Fund or MSIM. Absent an exemption from the Commission or other regulatory relief, the Acquired Fund is generally precluded from effecting certain principal transactions with affiliated brokers, and its ability to purchase securities being underwritten by an affiliated broker or syndicate including an affiliated broker, or to utilize affiliated brokers for agency transactions, is subject to restrictions. This could limit the Acquired Fund's ability to engage in securities transactions and take advantage of market opportunities.
Market Disruption and Geopolitical Risk. The aftermath of the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan, instability in the Middle East and terrorist attacks and around the world, as well as concerns over the outbreak of infectious diseases, have resulted in market volatility and may have long-term effects on the U.S. and worldwide financial markets and may cause further economic uncertainties in the United States and worldwide. The Acquired Fund does not know how long the securities markets will continue to be affected by these events and cannot predict the effects of the occupation or similar events in the future on the U.S. economy and global securities markets.
Anti-Takeover Provisions. The Acquired Fund's Charter and Bylaws include provisions that could limit the ability of other entities or persons to acquire control of the Acquired Fund or convert the Acquired Fund to open-end status and delay or limit the ability of other persons to acquire control of the Acquired Fund. These provisions could deprive the Acquired Fund's common stockholders of opportunities to sell their common shares at a premium over the then-current market price of the common shares or at NAV. The Acquired Fund's Board of Directors has determined that these provisions are in the best interests of stockholders generally.
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND EXPERTS
The Acquiring Fund is a newly created series of the Company and has not yet commenced operations. As a result, the Acquiring Fund has no financial statements.
The financial statements of the Acquired Fund, for the fiscal year ended October 31, 2011 and for the six months ended April 30, 2012, that are incorporated by reference in the Statement of Additional Information relating to the Company's Registration Statement of which this Proxy Statement and Prospectus forms a part, have been audited (except for the semi-annual report for the six months ended April 30, 2012) by Ernst & Young LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm. The financial statements are incorporated by reference in reliance upon such reports given upon the authority of said firm as experts in accounting and auditing.
LEGAL MATTERS
Certain legal matters concerning the issuance of the Acquiring Fund Shares will be passed upon by Dechert LLP, New York, New York. Such firm will rely on Maryland counsel as to matters of Maryland law.
AVAILABLE INFORMATION
Additional information about each Fund is available, as applicable, in the following documents which are incorporated herein by reference: (i) the Acquiring Fund's Prospectus dated June 26, 2012, attached to this Proxy Statement and Prospectus as Exhibit B, which Prospectus forms a part of Post-Effective Amendment No. 109 to the Company's Registration Statement on Form N-1A (File Nos. 033-23166; 811-05624) (ii) the Acquired Fund's Annual Report for its fiscal year ended October 31, 2011 and (ii) the Acquired Fund's Semi-Annual Report for the six-month period ended April 30, 2012. The foregoing documents may be obtained without charge by calling (800) 231-2608 (toll-free) with respect to the Acquired Fund and (800) 548-7786 with respect to the Acquiring Fund.
Each Fund is subject to the informational requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and in accordance therewith, file reports and other information with the Commission. Proxy material, reports and other information about each Fund which are of public record can be viewed and copied at the Commission's Public Reference Room in Washington, D.C. Information about the Reference Room's operations may be obtained by calling the Commission at (202) 551-8090. Reports and other information about each Portfolio and the Company are available on the EDGAR Database on the Commission's Internet site (www.sec.gov) and copies of this
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information may be obtained, after paying a duplicating fee, by electronic request at the following E-mail address: publicinfo@sec.gov, or by writing the Public Reference Branch, Office of Consumer Affairs and Information Services, Securities and Exchange Commission, Washington, D.C. 20549-1520.
OTHER BUSINESS
Management of the Acquired Fund knows of no business other than the matters specified above which will be presented at the Meeting. Since matters not known at the time of the solicitation may come before the Meeting, the Proxy as solicited confers discretionary authority with respect to such matters as properly come before the Meeting, including any adjournment or adjournments thereof, and it is the intention of the persons named as attorneys-in-fact in the Proxy to vote this Proxy in accordance with their judgment on such matters.
By Order of the Boards of Directors,
Mary E. Mullin
Secretary
July 3, 2012
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Exhibit A
FORM OF AGREEMENT AND PLAN OF REORGANIZATION
THIS AGREEMENT AND PLAN OF REORGANIZATION ("Agreement") is made as of this ___ day of ____, 2012, by and between MORGAN STANLEY INSTITUTIONAL FUND, INC. (the "Company"), a Maryland corporation, on behalf of Frontier Emerging Markets Portfolio ("Acquiring Fund"), and MORGAN STANLEY FRONTIER EMERGING MARKETS FUND, INC., a Maryland corporation ("Acquired Fund").
This Agreement is intended to be and is adopted as a "plan of reorganization" within the meaning of Treas. Reg. 1.368-2(g), for a reorganization under Section 368(a)(1) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the "Code"). The reorganization ("Reorganization") will consist of the transfer to Acquiring Fund of all of the assets of Acquired Fund in exchange for the assumption by Acquiring Fund of the liabilities of Acquired Fund and the issuance by Acquiring Fund of shares of common stock, par value $0.001 per share (the "Acquiring Fund Shares"), to be distributed, after the Closing Date hereinafter referred to, to the stockholders of Acquired Fund in liquidation of Acquired Fund as provided herein, all upon the terms and conditions hereinafter set forth in this Agreement.
In consideration of the premises and of the covenants and agreements hereinafter set forth, the parties hereto covenant and agree as follows:
1. The Reorganization and Liquidation of Acquired Fund
1.1. Subject to the terms and conditions herein set forth and on the basis of the representations and warranties contained herein, Acquired Fund agrees to assign, deliver and otherwise transfer the Acquired Fund Assets (as defined in paragraph 1.2) to Acquiring Fund, and the Company, on behalf of Acquiring Fund, agrees in exchange therefor to assume all of Acquired Fund's liabilities on the Closing Date as set forth in paragraph 1.3 and to deliver to Acquired Fund the number of Acquiring Fund Shares, including fractional Acquiring Fund Shares, determined in the manner set forth in paragraph 2.3. Such transactions shall take place at the closing provided for in paragraph 3.1 ("Closing").
1.2. (a) The "Acquired Fund Assets" shall consist of all property, including without limitation, all cash, cash equivalents, securities and dividend and interest receivables owned by Acquired Fund, and any deferred or prepaid expenses shown as an asset on Acquired Fund's books on the Valuation Date.
(b) On or prior to the Valuation Date, Acquired Fund will provide Acquiring Fund with a list of all of Acquired Fund's assets to be assigned, delivered and otherwise transferred to Acquiring Fund and a list of the liabilities to be assumed by Acquiring Fund pursuant to this Agreement. Acquired Fund reserves the right to sell any of the securities on such list but will not, without the prior approval of the Company, on behalf of Acquiring Fund, acquire any additional securities other than securities of the type in which Acquiring Fund is permitted to invest and in amounts agreed to in writing by the Company, on behalf of Acquiring Fund. The Company, on behalf of Acquiring Fund will, within a reasonable time prior to the Valuation Date, furnish Acquired Fund with a statement of Acquiring Fund's investment objective, policies and restrictions and a list of the securities, if any, on the list referred to in the first sentence of this paragraph that do not conform to Acquiring Fund's investment objective, policies and restrictions. In the event that Acquired Fund holds any investments that Acquiring Fund is not permitted to hold, Acquired Fund will dispose of such securities on or prior to the Valuation Date. In addition, if it is determined that the portfolios of Acquired Fund and Acquiring Fund, when aggregated, would contain investments exceeding certain percentage limitations imposed upon Acquiring Fund with respect to such investments, Acquired Fund if requested by the Company, on behalf of Acquiring Fund, will, on or prior to the Valuation Date, dispose of and/or reinvest a sufficient amount of such investments as may be necessary to avoid violating such limitations as of the Closing Date (as defined in paragraph 3.1).
1.3. The Company, on behalf of Acquiring Fund, will assume all liabilities, which includes, without limitation, all expenses, costs, charges and reserves reflected on an unaudited Statement of Assets and Liabilities of
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Acquired Fund prepared by the Treasurer of Acquired Fund as of the Valuation Date in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles consistently applied from the prior audited period.
1.4. On the Closing Date or as soon as practicable thereafter, Acquired Fund will distribute Acquiring Fund Shares received by Acquired Fund pursuant to paragraph 1.1 pro rata to its stockholders of record determined as of the close of business on the Valuation Date ("Acquired Fund Stockholders"). Each Acquired Fund Stockholder will receive Acquiring Fund Shares. Such distribution will be accomplished by an instruction, signed by Acquired Fund's Secretary, to transfer Acquiring Fund Shares then credited to Acquired Fund's account on the books of Acquiring Fund to open accounts on the books of Acquiring Fund in the names of the Acquired Fund Stockholders and representing the respective pro rata number of Acquiring Fund Shares due such Acquired Fund Stockholders. All issued and outstanding shares of Acquired Fund simultaneously will be canceled on Acquired Fund's books.
1.5. Ownership of Acquiring Fund Shares will be shown on the books of Acquiring Fund's transfer agent. Acquiring Fund Shares will be issued in the manner described in Acquiring Fund's current Prospectus, as supplemented, and the Company's Statement of Additional Information.
1.6. Any transfer taxes payable upon issuance of Acquiring Fund Shares in a name other than the registered holder of Acquiring Fund Shares on Acquired Fund's books as of the close of business on the Valuation Date shall, as a condition of such issuance and transfer, be paid by the person to whom Acquiring Fund Shares are to be issued and transferred.
1.7. Any reporting responsibility of Acquired Fund is and shall remain the responsibility of Acquired Fund up to and including the date on which Acquired Fund is terminated and deregistered pursuant to paragraph 1.9.
1.8. As soon after the Closing Date as is reasonably practicable, Acquired Fund shall be dissolved as a Maryland corporation and deregistered as an investment company under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the "1940 Act"), following the making of all distributions pursuant to paragraph 1.4.
1.9. Copies of all books and records maintained on behalf of Acquired Fund in connection with its obligations under the 1940 Act, the Code, state blue sky laws or otherwise in connection with this Agreement will promptly be delivered after the Closing to officers of Acquiring Fund or their designee, and Acquiring Fund or its designee shall comply with applicable record retention requirements to which Acquired Fund is subject under the 1940 Act.
2. Valuation
2.1. The value of the Acquired Fund Assets shall be the value of such assets computed as of 4:00 p.m. on the New York Stock Exchange on the third business day, following the receipt of the requisite approval of this Agreement by Acquired Fund Stockholders or at such time on such earlier or later date after such approval, as may be mutually agreed upon in writing (such time and date being hereinafter called the "Valuation Date"), using the valuation procedures set forth in Acquiring Fund's then current Prospectus, as supplemented, and the Company's Statement of Additional Information.
2.2. The net asset value of an Acquiring Fund Share shall be the net asset value per share computed on the Valuation Date, using the valuation procedures set forth in Acquiring Fund's then current Prospectus, as supplemented, and the Company's Statement of Additional Information.
2.3. The number of Acquiring Fund Shares (including fractional shares, if any) to be issued hereunder shall be determined, with respect to each class, by dividing the aggregate net asset value of each class of Acquired Fund shares (determined in accordance with paragraph 2.1) by the net asset value per share of the corresponding class of shares of Acquiring Fund (determined in accordance with paragraph 2.2).
2.4. All computations of value shall be made by Morgan Stanley Services Company Inc. ("Morgan Stanley Services") in accordance with its regular practice in pricing Acquiring Fund. The Company, on behalf of Acquiring Fund, shall cause Morgan Stanley Services to deliver a copy of Acquiring Fund's valuation report at the Closing.
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3. Closing and Closing Date
3.1. The Closing shall take place on the Valuation Date or on the next business day following the Valuation Date (the "Closing Date"). The Closing shall be held as of 9:00 a.m. Eastern time, or at such other time as the parties may agree. The Closing shall be held in a location mutually agreeable to the parties hereto. All acts taking place at the Closing shall be deemed to take place simultaneously as of 9:00 a.m. Eastern time on the Closing Date unless otherwise provided.
3.2. Portfolio securities held by Acquired Fund and represented by a certificate or other written instrument shall be presented by it or on its behalf to State Street Bank and Trust Company (the "Custodian"), as custodian for Acquiring Fund, for examination no later than five business days preceding the Valuation Date. Such portfolio securities (together with any cash or other assets) shall be delivered by Acquired Fund to the Custodian for the account of Acquiring Fund on or before the Closing Date in conformity with applicable custody provisions under the 1940 Act and duly endorsed in proper form for transfer in such condition as to constitute good delivery thereof in accordance with the custom of brokers. The portfolio securities shall be accompanied by all necessary federal and state stock transfer stamps or a check for the appropriate purchase price of such stamps. Portfolio securities and instruments deposited with a securities depository (as defined in Rule 17f-4 under the 1940 Act) shall be delivered on or before the Closing Date by book-entry in accordance with customary practices of such depository and the Custodian. The cash delivered shall be in the form of a Federal Funds wire, payable to the order of "State Street Bank and Trust Company, Custodian for Morgan Stanley Institutional Fund, Inc."
3.3. In the event that on the Valuation Date, (a) the New York Stock Exchange shall be closed to trading or trading thereon shall be restricted or (b) trading or the reporting of trading on such Exchange or elsewhere shall be disrupted so that, in the judgment of both the Company, on behalf of Acquiring Fund, and Acquired Fund, accurate appraisal of the value of the net assets of Acquiring Fund or the Acquired Fund Assets is impracticable, the Valuation Date shall be postponed until the first business day after the day when trading shall have been fully resumed without restriction or disruption and reporting shall have been restored.
3.4. If requested, Acquired Fund shall deliver to the Company, on behalf of Acquiring Fund, or its designee (a) at the Closing, a list, certified by Acquired Fund's Secretary, of the names, addresses and taxpayer identification numbers of the Acquired Fund Stockholders and the number and percentage ownership of outstanding Acquired Fund shares owned by each such Acquired Fund Stockholder, all as of the Valuation Date, and (b) as soon as practicable after the Closing, all original documentation (including Internal Revenue Service forms, certificates, certifications and correspondence) relating to the Acquired Fund Stockholders' taxpayer identification numbers and their liability for or exemption from back-up withholding. The Company, on behalf of Acquiring Fund, shall issue and deliver to such Secretary a confirmation evidencing delivery of Acquiring Fund Shares to be credited on the Closing Date to Acquired Fund or provide evidence satisfactory to Acquired Fund that such Acquiring Fund Shares have been credited to Acquired Fund's account on the books of Acquiring Fund. At the Closing, each party shall deliver to the other such bills of sale, checks, assignments, share certificates, if any, receipts or other documents as such other party or its counsel may reasonably request.
4. Covenants of Acquiring Fund and Acquired Fund
4.1. Except as otherwise expressly provided herein, the Acquired Fund and the Company, on behalf of Acquiring Fund, will operate in the ordinary course between the date hereof and the Closing Date, it being understood that such ordinary course of business will include customary dividends and other distributions.
4.2. The Company will prepare and file with the Securities and Exchange Commission ("Commission") a registration statement on Form N-14 under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended ("1933 Act"), relating to Acquiring Fund Shares ("Registration Statement"). Acquired Fund will provide the Proxy Materials as described in paragraph 4.3 below for inclusion in the Registration Statement. The Company, on behalf of the Acquiring Fund, and the Acquired Fund agree that each of Acquired Fund and Acquiring Fund will further provide such other information and documents as are reasonably necessary for the preparation of the Registration Statement.
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4.3. Acquired Fund will call a meeting of Acquired Fund's stockholders to consider and act upon this Agreement and to take all other action necessary to obtain approval of the transactions contemplated herein. Acquired Fund will prepare the notice of meeting, form of proxy and proxy statement (collectively, "Proxy Materials") to be used in connection with such meeting; provided that the Company, on behalf of Acquiring Fund, will furnish Acquired Fund with its currently effective prospectus for inclusion in the Proxy Materials and with such other information relating to Acquiring Fund as is reasonably necessary for the preparation of the Proxy Materials.
4.4. Acquired Fund will assist Acquiring Fund in obtaining such information as Acquiring Fund reasonably requests concerning the beneficial ownership of Acquired Fund shares.
4.5. Subject to the provisions of this Agreement, the Company, on behalf of the Acquiring Fund, and the Acquired Fund agree that each respective Fund will each take, or cause to be taken, all action, and do or cause to be done, all things reasonably necessary, proper or advisable to consummate and make effective the transactions contemplated by this Agreement.
4.6. Acquired Fund shall furnish or cause to be furnished to Acquiring Fund within 30 days after the Closing Date a statement of Acquired Fund's assets and liabilities as of the Closing Date, which statement shall be certified by Acquired Fund's Treasurer and shall be in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles consistently applied. As promptly as practicable, but in any case within 60 days after the Closing Date, Acquired Fund shall furnish Acquiring Fund, in such form as is reasonably satisfactory to Acquiring Fund, a statement certified by Acquired Fund's Treasurer of Acquired Fund's earnings and profits for federal income tax purposes that will be carried over to Acquiring Fund pursuant to Section 381 of the Code.
4.7. The Company agrees to use all reasonable efforts to obtain the approvals and authorizations required by the 1933 Act and the 1940 Act and to make such filings required by the state Blue Sky and securities laws as it may deem appropriate in order to continue the Acquiring Fund's operations after the Closing Date.
5. Representations and Warranties
5.1. The Company, on behalf of Acquiring Fund, represents and warrants to Acquired Fund as follows:
(a) Acquiring Fund is a series of the Company, a validly existing Maryland corporation with full power to carry on its business as presently conducted;
(b) The Company is a duly registered, open-end management investment company, and its registration with the Commission as an investment company under the 1940 Act and the registration of its shares under the 1933 Act are in full force and effect;
(c) All of the issued and outstanding shares of Acquiring Fund have been offered and sold in compliance in all material respects with applicable registration requirements of the 1933 Act and state securities laws. Shares of Acquiring Fund are registered in all jurisdictions in which they are required to be registered under state securities laws and other laws, and said registrations, including any periodic reports or supplemental filings, are complete and current, all fees required to be paid have been paid, and Acquiring Fund is not subject to any stop order and is fully qualified to sell its shares in each state in which its shares have been registered;
(d) The current Prospectus of the Acquiring Fund and Statement of Additional Information of the Company conform in all material respects to the applicable requirements of the 1933 Act and the 1940 Act and the regulations thereunder and do not include any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state any material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein, in light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading;
(e) The Company is not in, and the execution, delivery and performance of this Agreement will not result in a, material violation of any provision of its Articles of Incorporation or By-Laws, each as amended, or of any agreement, indenture, instrument, contract, lease or other undertaking to which Acquiring Fund is a party or by which it is bound;
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(f) No litigation or administrative proceeding or investigation of or before any court or governmental body is presently pending or, to its knowledge, threatened against the Company, Acquiring Fund or any of their properties or assets which, if adversely determined, would materially and adversely affect Acquiring Fund's financial condition or the conduct of its business; and the Company knows of no facts that might form the basis for the institution of such proceedings and is not a party to or subject to the provisions of any order, decree or judgment of any court or governmental body which materially and adversely affects, or is reasonably likely to materially and adversely affect, its business or its ability to consummate the transactions herein contemplated;
(g) The Acquiring Fund is, and will be on the Closing Date, a newly created series of the Company, without assets (other than seed capital) or liabilities, formed for the purpose of receiving the Acquired Fund Assets in connection with the Reorganization and, accordingly, the Acquiring Fund has not prepared books of account and related records or financial statements or issued any shares except those issued in a private placement to Morgan Stanley Investment Management Inc. or its affiliate to secure any required initial shareholder approvals;
(h) All issued and outstanding Acquiring Fund Shares are, and at the Closing Date will be, duly and validly issued and outstanding, fully paid and non-assessable with no personal liability attaching to the ownership thereof. Acquiring Fund does not have outstanding any options, warrants or other rights to subscribe for or purchase any of its shares;
(i) The execution, delivery and performance of this Agreement have been duly authorized by all necessary action on the part of the Company, and this Agreement constitutes a valid and binding obligation of Acquiring Fund enforceable in accordance with its terms, subject as to enforcement, to bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization, moratorium and other laws relating to or affecting creditors' rights and to general equity principles. No other consents, authorizations or approvals are necessary in connection with Acquiring Fund's performance of this Agreement;
(j) Acquiring Fund Shares to be issued and delivered to Acquired Fund, for the account of the Acquired Fund Stockholders, pursuant to the terms of this Agreement will at the Closing Date have been duly authorized and, when so issued and delivered, will be duly and validly issued Acquiring Fund Shares, and will be fully paid and non-assessable with no personal liability attaching to the ownership thereof;
(k) Since December 31, 2011, there has been no change by Acquiring Fund in accounting methods, principles or practices, including those required by generally accepted accounting principles;
(l) The information furnished or to be furnished by the Company on behalf of Acquiring Fund for use in registration statements, proxy materials and other documents which may be necessary in connection with the transactions contemplated hereby shall be accurate and complete in all material respects and shall comply in all material respects with federal securities and other laws and regulations applicable thereto; and
(m) The Proxy Materials to be included in the Registration Statement (only insofar as they relate to Acquiring Fund) will, on the effective date of the Registration Statement and on the Closing Date, not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not materially misleading.
5.2. Acquired Fund represents and warrants to the Company, on behalf of Acquiring Fund, as follows:
(a) Acquired Fund is a validly existing Maryland corporation with full power to carry on its business as presently conducted;
(b) Acquired Fund is a duly registered, closed-end, management investment company, and its registration with the Commission as an investment company under the 1940 Act and the registration of its shares under the 1933 Act are in full force and effect;
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(c) All of the issued and outstanding shares of beneficial interest of Acquired Fund have been offered and sold in compliance in all material respects with applicable requirements of the 1933 Act and state securities laws. Shares of Acquired Fund are registered in all jurisdictions in which they are required to be registered and said registrations, including any periodic reports or supplemental filings, are complete and current, all fees required to be paid have been paid, and Acquired Fund is not subject to any stop order and is fully qualified to sell its shares in each state in which its shares have been registered;
(d) Acquired Fund is not in, and the execution, delivery and performance of this Agreement will not result in a, material violation of any provision of Acquired Fund's Charter or By-Laws, each as amended, or of any agreement, indenture, instrument, contract, lease or other undertaking to which Acquired Fund is a party or by which it is bound;
(e) No litigation or administrative proceeding or investigation of or before any court or governmental body is presently pending or, to its knowledge, threatened against Acquired Fund or any of its properties or assets which, if adversely determined, would materially and adversely affect Acquired Fund's financial condition or the conduct of its business; and Acquired Fund knows of no facts that might form the basis for the institution of such proceedings and is not a party to or subject to the provisions of any order, decree or judgment of any court or governmental body which materially and adversely affects, or is reasonably likely to materially and adversely affect, Acquired Fund's business or Acquired Fund's ability to consummate the transactions herein contemplated;
(f) The Statement of Assets and Liabilities, Statement of Operations, Statement of Changes in Net Assets and Financial Highlights of Acquired Fund for its last completed fiscal year, audited by Ernst & Young LLP, Acquired Fund's independent registered public accounting firm (copies of which have been or will be furnished to Acquiring Fund) fairly present, in all material respects, Acquired Fund's financial condition as of such date, and its results of operations, changes in its net assets and financial highlights for such period in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and as of such date there were no known liabilities of Acquired Fund (contingent or otherwise) not disclosed therein that would be required in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles to be disclosed therein;
(g) Acquired Fund has no material contracts or other commitments (other than this Agreement) that will be terminated with liability to it prior to the Closing Date;
(h) All issued and outstanding shares of Acquired Fund are, and at the Closing Date will be, duly and validly issued and outstanding, fully paid and non-assessable with no personal liability attaching to the ownership thereof. Acquired Fund does not have outstanding any options, warrants or other rights to subscribe for or purchase any of its shares, nor is there outstanding any security convertible to any of its shares. All such shares will, at the time of Closing, be held by the persons and in the amounts set forth in the list of stockholders submitted to Acquiring Fund pursuant to paragraph 3.4;
(i) The execution, delivery and performance of this Agreement will have been duly authorized prior to the Closing Date by all necessary action on the part of Acquired Fund, and subject to the approval of Acquired Fund Stockholders, this Agreement constitutes a valid and binding obligation of Acquired Fund, enforceable in accordance with its terms, subject as to enforcement to bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization, moratorium and other laws relating to or affecting creditors' rights and to general equity principles. No other consents, authorizations or approvals are necessary in connection with Acquired Fund's performance of this Agreement;
(j) All material federal and other tax returns and reports of Acquired Fund required by law to be filed on or before the Closing Date shall have been filed and are correct and all federal and other taxes shown as due or required to be shown as due on said returns and reports have been paid or provision has been made for the payment thereof, and to the best of Acquired Fund's knowledge, no such return is currently under audit and no assessment has been asserted with respect to any such return;
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(k) For each taxable year since its inception, Acquired Fund has met all the requirements of Subchapter M of the Code for qualification and treatment as a "regulated investment company" and neither the execution or delivery of nor the performance of its obligations under this Agreement will adversely affect, and no other events are reasonably likely to occur which will adversely affect the ability of Acquired Fund to continue to meet the requirements of Subchapter M of the Code for its final taxable year ending on the Closing Date;
(l) At the Closing Date, Acquired Fund will have good and valid title to the Acquired Fund Assets, subject to no liens (other than the obligation, if any, to pay the purchase price of portfolio securities purchased by Acquired Fund which have not settled prior to the Closing Date), security interests or other encumbrances, and full right, power and authority to assign, deliver and otherwise transfer such assets hereunder, and upon delivery and payment for such assets, the Company, on behalf of Acquiring Fund, will acquire good and marketable title thereto, subject to no restrictions on the full transfer thereof, including any restrictions as might arise under the 1933 Act;
(m) On the effective date of the Registration Statement, at the time of the meeting of Acquired Fund's Stockholders and on the Closing Date, the Proxy Materials (exclusive of the currently effective Acquiring Fund Prospectus contained therein) will (i) comply in all material respects with the provisions of the 1933 Act, the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the "1934 Act"), and the 1940 Act and the regulations thereunder and (ii) not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein not misleading. Any other information furnished by Acquired Fund for use in the Registration Statement or in any other manner that may be necessary in connection with the transactions contemplated hereby shall be accurate and complete and shall comply in all material respects with applicable federal securities and other laws and regulations thereunder;
(n) Acquired Fund will, on or prior to the Valuation Date, declare one or more dividends or other distributions to stockholders that, together with all previous dividends and other distributions to stockholders, shall have the effect of distributing to the stockholders all of its investment company taxable income and net capital gain, if any, through the Valuation Date (computed without regard to any deduction for dividends paid);
(o) Acquired Fund has maintained or has caused to be maintained on its behalf all books and accounts as required of a registered investment company in compliance with the requirements of Section 31 of the 1940 Act and the rules thereunder; and
(p) Acquired Fund is not acquiring Acquiring Fund Shares to be issued hereunder for the purpose of making any distribution thereof other than in accordance with the terms of this Agreement.
6. Conditions Precedent to Obligations of Acquired Fund
The obligations of Acquired Fund to consummate the transactions provided for herein shall be subject, at its election, to the performance by the Company, on behalf of Acquiring Fund, of all the obligations to be performed by it hereunder on or before the Closing Date and, in addition thereto, the following conditions:
6.1. All representations and warranties of the Company made on behalf of Acquiring Fund, contained in this Agreement shall be true and correct in all material respects as of the date hereof and, except as they may be affected by the transactions contemplated by this Agreement, as of the Closing Date with the same force and effect as if made on and as of the Closing Date;
6.2. The Company, on behalf of Acquiring Fund, shall have delivered to Acquired Fund a certificate of the Company's President and Treasurer, in a form reasonably satisfactory to Acquired Fund and dated as of the Closing Date, to the effect that the representations and warranties of the Company, on behalf of Acquiring Fund, made in this Agreement are true and correct at and as of the Closing Date, except as they may be affected by the transactions contemplated by this Agreement, and as to such other matters as Acquired Fund shall reasonably request;
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6.3. Acquired Fund shall have received a favorable opinion from Dechert LLP, counsel to Acquiring Fund, dated as of the Closing Date, to the effect that:
(a) Acquiring Fund is a series of the Company, is a validly existing Maryland corporation, and has the power to own all of its properties and assets and to carry on its business as presently conducted (Maryland counsel may be relied upon in delivering such opinion); (b) the Company is a duly registered, open-end, management investment company, and its registration with the Commission as an investment company under the 1940 Act is in full force and effect; (c) this Agreement has been duly authorized, executed and delivered by the Company and, assuming that the Registration Statement complies with the 1933 Act, the 1934 Act and the 1940 Act and regulations thereunder and assuming due authorization, execution and delivery of this Agreement by Acquired Fund, is a valid and binding obligation of Acquiring Fund enforceable against Acquiring Fund in accordance with its terms, subject as to enforcement, to bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization, moratorium and other laws relating to or affecting creditors' rights and to general equity principles; (d) Acquiring Fund Shares to be issued to Acquired Fund Stockholders as provided by this Agreement are duly authorized and upon such delivery will be validly issued, fully paid and non-assessable, and no stockholder of Acquiring Fund has any preemptive rights to subscription or purchase in respect thereof (Maryland counsel may be relied upon in delivering such opinion); (e) the execution and delivery of this Agreement did not, and the consummation of the transactions contemplated hereby will not, violate the Company's Articles of Incorporation or By-Laws, each as amended; and (f) to the knowledge of such counsel, no consent, approval, authorization or order of any court or governmental authority of the United States or any state is required for the consummation by Acquiring Fund of the transactions contemplated herein, except such as have been obtained under the 1933 Act, the 1934 Act and the 1940 Act and such as may be required under state securities laws; and
6.4. As of the Closing Date, there shall have been no material change in the investment objective, policies and restrictions of Acquiring Fund or any increase in the investment management fees or annual fees pursuant to Acquiring Fund's shareholder services plan fees from those described in Acquiring Fund's Prospectus dated June 26, 2012, as may be supplemented, and the Company's Statement of Additional Information dated June 26, 2012, as may be supplemented.
7. Conditions Precedent to Obligations of Acquiring Fund
The obligations of the Company, on behalf of Acquiring Fund, to complete the transactions provided for herein shall be subject, at its election, to the performance by Acquired Fund of all the obligations to be performed by it hereunder on or before the Closing Date and, in addition thereto, the following conditions:
7.1. All representations and warranties of Acquired Fund contained in this Agreement shall be true and correct in all material respects as of the date hereof and, except as they may be affected by the transactions contemplated by this Agreement, as of the Closing Date with the same force and effect as if made on and as of the Closing Date;
7.2. Acquired Fund shall have delivered to Acquiring Fund at the Closing a certificate of Acquired Fund's President and its Treasurer, in form and substance satisfactory to Acquiring Fund and dated as of the Closing Date, to the effect that the representations and warranties of Acquired Fund made in this Agreement are true and correct at and as of the Closing Date, except as they may be affected by the transactions contemplated by this Agreement, and as to such other matters as the Company, on behalf of Acquiring Fund, shall reasonably request;
7.3. Acquired Fund shall have delivered to Acquiring Fund a statement of the Acquired Fund Assets and its liabilities, together with a list of Acquired Fund's portfolio securities and other assets showing the respective adjusted bases and holding periods thereof for income tax purposes, as of the Closing Date, certified by the Treasurer of Acquired Fund;
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7.4. The Company, on behalf of Acquiring Fund, shall have received at the Closing a favorable opinion from Dechert LLP, counsel to Acquired Fund, dated as of the Closing Date to the effect that:
(a) Acquired Fund is a validly existing Maryland corporation and has the power to own all of its properties and assets and to carry on its business as presently conducted (Maryland counsel may be relied upon in delivering such opinion); (b) Acquired Fund is a duly registered, closed-end management investment company under the 1940 Act, and its registration with the Commission as an investment company under the 1940 Act is in full force and effect; (c) this Agreement has been duly authorized, executed and delivered by Acquired Fund and, assuming that the Registration Statement complies with the 1933 Act, the 1934 Act and the 1940 Act and the regulations thereunder and assuming due authorization, execution and delivery of this Agreement by the Company, on behalf of Acquiring Fund, is a valid and binding obligation of Acquired Fund enforceable against Acquired Fund in accordance with its terms, subject as to enforcement, to bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization, moratorium and other laws relating to or affecting creditors' rights and to general equity principles; (d) the execution and delivery of this Agreement did not, and the consummation of the transactions contemplated hereby will not, violate Acquired Fund's Declaration of Trust or By-Laws, each as amended; and (e) to the knowledge of such counsel, no consent, approval, authorization or order of any court or governmental authority of the United States or any state is required for the consummation by Acquired Fund of the transactions contemplated herein, except such as have been obtained under the 1933 Act, the 1934 Act and the 1940 Act and such as may be required under state securities laws; and
7.5. On the Closing Date, the Acquired Fund Assets shall include no assets that Acquiring Fund, by reason of limitations of the Acquired Fund's Declaration of Trust, as amended, or otherwise, may not properly acquire.
8. Further Conditions Precedent to Obligations of Acquiring Fund and Acquired Fund
The obligations of Acquired Fund and the Company, on behalf of Acquiring Fund, hereunder are each subject to the further conditions that on or before the Closing Date:
8.1. This Agreement and the transactions contemplated herein shall have been approved by the requisite vote of the holders of the outstanding shares of Acquired Fund in accordance with the provisions of Acquired Fund's Articles of Incorporation, as amended, and certified copies of the resolutions evidencing such approval shall have been delivered to Acquiring Fund;
8.2. On the Closing Date, no action, suit or other proceeding shall be pending before any court or governmental agency in which it is sought to restrain or prohibit, or obtain damages or other relief in connection with, this Agreement or the transactions contemplated herein;
8.3. All consents of other parties and all other consents, orders and permits of federal, state and local regulatory authorities (including those of the Commission and of state Blue Sky and securities authorities, including "no-action" positions of and exemptive orders from such federal and state authorities) deemed necessary by Acquiring Fund or the Company, on behalf of Acquiring Fund, or Acquired Fund to permit consummation, in all material respects, of the transactions contemplated herein shall have been obtained, except where failure to obtain any such consent, order or permit would not involve risk of a material adverse effect on the assets or properties of Acquiring Fund or Acquired Fund;
8.4. The Registration Statement shall have become effective under the 1933 Act, no stop orders suspending the effectiveness thereof shall have been issued and, to the best knowledge of the parties hereto, no investigation or proceeding for that purpose shall have been instituted or be pending, threatened or contemplated under the 1933 Act;
8.5. The parties shall have received the opinion of the law firm of Dechert LLP (based on certain facts, assumptions and representations), addressed to Acquiring Fund and Acquired Fund, which opinion may be relied upon by the stockholders of Acquired Fund, substantially to the effect that, for federal income tax purposes:
(a) The transfer of Acquired Fund's assets solely in exchange for Acquiring Fund Shares and the assumption by Acquiring Fund of the liabilities of Acquired Fund followed by the distribution by Acquired Fund of Acquiring Fund Shares to the Acquired Fund Stockholders in exchange for their Acquired Fund shares pursuant to
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and in accordance with the terms of the Reorganization Agreement will constitute a "reorganization" within the meaning of Section 368(a)(1) of the Code;
(b) No gain or loss will be recognized by Acquiring Fund upon the receipt of the assets of Acquired Fund solely in exchange for Acquiring Fund Shares and the assumption by Acquiring Fund of the liabilities of Acquired Fund;
(c) No gain or loss will be recognized by Acquired Fund upon the transfer of all of the assets of Acquired Fund to Acquiring Fund solely in exchange for Acquiring Fund Shares and the assumption by Acquiring Fund of the stated liabilities or upon the distribution of Acquiring Fund Shares to the Acquired Fund Stockholders in exchange for their Acquired Fund shares, except that the Acquired Fund may be required to recognize gain or loss with respect to contracts described in Section 1256(b) of the Code or stock in a passive foreign investment company, as defined in Section 1297(a) of the Code;
(d) No gain or loss will be recognized by the Acquired Fund Stockholders upon the exchange of the Acquired Fund shares for Acquiring Fund Shares;
(e) The aggregate tax basis for Acquiring Fund Shares received by each Acquired Fund Stockholder pursuant to the Reorganization will be the same as the aggregate tax basis of the Acquired Fund shares surrendered by each such Acquired Fund Stockholder in exchange therefor;
(f) The holding period of Acquiring Fund Shares to be received by each Acquired Fund Stockholder will include the period during which the Acquired Fund shares surrendered in exchange therefor were held (provided such Acquired Fund shares were held as capital assets on the date of the Reorganization);
(g) The tax basis of the assets of Acquired Fund acquired by Acquiring Fund will be the same as the tax basis of such assets to Acquired Fund immediately prior to the Reorganization; and
(h) The holding period of the assets of Acquired Fund in the hands of Acquiring Fund will include the period during which those assets were held by Acquired Fund (except where the investment activities of the Acquiring Fund have the effect of reducing or eliminating such period with respect to an asset).
Notwithstanding anything herein to the contrary, neither the Company, on behalf of Acquiring Fund, nor Acquired Fund, may waive the conditions set forth in this paragraph 8.5.
9. Fees and Expenses
9.1. (a) Acquired Fund shall bear all the expenses incurred in connection with the entering into, and carrying out of, the provisions of this Agreement, including printing, filing and proxy solicitation expenses, legal, accounting, Commission registration fees and Blue Sky expenses.
(b) In the event the transactions contemplated herein are not consummated by reason of Acquired Fund being either unwilling or unable to go forward (other than by reason of the non-fulfillment or failure of any condition to Acquired Fund's obligations specified in this Agreement), Acquired Fund's only obligation hereunder shall be to reimburse Acquiring Fund for all reasonable out-of-pocket fees and expenses incurred by Acquiring Fund in connection with those transactions.
(c) In the event the transactions contemplated herein are not consummated by reason of Acquiring Fund being either unwilling or unable to go forward (other than by reason of the non-fulfillment or failure of any condition to Acquiring Fund's obligations specified in this Agreement), Acquiring Fund's only obligation hereunder shall be to reimburse Acquired Fund for all reasonable out-of-pocket fees and expenses incurred by Acquired Fund in connection with those transactions.
10. Entire Agreement; Survival of Warranties
10.1. This Agreement constitutes the entire agreement between the parties.
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10.2. The representations, warranties and covenants contained in this Agreement or in any document delivered pursuant hereto or in connection herewith shall survive the consummation of the transactions contemplated herein, except that the representations, warranties and covenants of Acquired Fund hereunder shall not survive the dissolution and complete liquidation of Acquired Fund in accordance with Section 1.9.
11. Termination
11.1. This Agreement may be terminated and the transactions contemplated hereby may be abandoned at any time prior to the Closing:
(a) by the mutual written consent of Acquired Fund, and the Company, on behalf of Acquiring Fund;
(b) by either the Company, on behalf of Acquiring Fund, or Acquired Fund, by notice to the other, without liability to the terminating party on account of such termination (providing the terminating party is not otherwise in material default or breach of this Agreement), if the Closing shall not have occurred on or before April 25, 2013; or
(c) by either the Company, on behalf of Acquiring Fund, or Acquired Fund, in writing without liability to the terminating party on account of such termination (provided the terminating party is not otherwise in material default or breach of this Agreement), if (i) the other party shall fail to perform in any material respect its agreements contained herein required to be performed on or prior to the Closing Date, (ii) the other party materially breaches any of its representations, warranties or covenants contained herein, (iii) the Acquired Fund Stockholders fail to approve this Agreement at any meeting called for such purpose at which a quorum was present or (iv) any other condition herein expressed to be precedent to the obligations of the terminating party has not been met and it reasonably appears that it will not or cannot be met.
11.2. (a) Termination of this Agreement pursuant to paragraphs 11.1(a) or (b) shall terminate all obligations of the parties hereunder and there shall be no liability for damages on the part of the Company, Acquiring Fund or Acquired Fund, or the directors or officers of the Company, on behalf of Acquiring Fund, or the directors or officers of the Acquired Fund, to any other party or its directors, trustees or officers.
(b) Termination of this Agreement pursuant to paragraph 11.1(c) shall terminate all obligations of the parties hereunder and there shall be no liability for damages on the part of the Company, Acquiring Fund or Acquired Fund, or the directors or officers of the Company, on behalf of Acquiring Fund, or the directors or officers of Acquired Fund, except that any party in breach of this Agreement shall, upon demand, reimburse the non-breaching party for all reasonable out-of-pocket fees and expenses incurred in connection with the transactions contemplated by this Agreement, including legal, accounting and filing fees.
12. Amendments
This Agreement may be amended, modified or supplemented in such manner as may be mutually agreed upon in writing by the parties.
13. Miscellaneous
13.1. The article and paragraph headings contained in this Agreement are for reference purposes only and shall not affect in any way the meaning or interpretation of this Agreement.
13.2. This Agreement may be executed in any number of counterparts, each of which shall be deemed an original.
13.3. This Agreement shall be governed by and construed in accordance with the laws of the State of Maryland.
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13.4. This Agreement shall bind and inure to the benefit of the parties hereto and their respective successors and assigns, but no assignment or transfer hereof or of any rights or obligations hereunder shall be made by any party without the written consent of the other party. Nothing herein expressed or implied is intended or shall be construed to confer upon or give any person, firm or corporation, other than the parties hereto and their respective successors and assigns, any rights or remedies hereunder or by reason of this Agreement.
13.5. The obligations and liabilities of Acquiring Fund hereunder are solely those of Acquiring Fund. It is expressly agreed that no stockholder, nominee, director, officer, agent, or employee of Acquiring Fund, or the directors or officers of the Company, acting on behalf of Acquiring Fund, shall be personally liable hereunder. The execution and delivery of this Agreement have been authorized by the directors of Acquiring Fund and signed by authorized officers of the Company, acting on behalf of Acquiring Fund, and neither such authorization by such directors nor such execution and delivery by such officers shall be deemed to have been made by any of them individually or to impose any liability on any of them personally.
13.6. The obligations and liabilities of Acquired Fund hereunder are solely those of Acquired Fund. It is expressly agreed that no stockholder, nominee, director, officer, agent or employee of Acquired Fund, or the directors or officers of Acquired Fund shall be personally liable hereunder. The execution and delivery of this Agreement have been authorized by the directors of Acquired Fund and signed by authorized officers of Acquired Fund acting as such, and neither such authorization by such directors nor such execution and delivery by such officers shall be deemed to have been made by any of them individually or to impose any liability on any of them personally.
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IN WITNESS WHEREOF, each of the parties hereto has caused this Agreement to be executed by a duly authorized officer.
MORGAN STANLEY INSTITUTIONAL FUND, INC., on behalf of the Acquiring Fund | |||
By: Name: Title: | |||
MORGAN STANLEY FRONTIER EMERGING MARKETS FUND, INC. | |||
By: Name: Title: | |||
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INVESTMENT MANAGEMENT
Morgan Stanley
Institutional Fund, Inc.
Frontier Emerging Markets Portfolio
Share Class and Ticker Symbol | |||||||||||||||||||
Portfolio | Class I | Class P | Class H | Class L | |||||||||||||||
Frontier Emerging Markets | MFMIX | MFMPX | MFMHX | MFMLX | |||||||||||||||
Prospectus
June 26, 2012
The Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC") has not approved or disapproved these securities or passed upon the adequacy of this Prospectus. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.
Table of Contents
Page | |||||||
Portfolio Summary | 1 | ||||||
Details of the Portfolio | 5 | ||||||
Additional Information about the Portfolio's Investment Strategies and Risks | 9 | ||||||
Fund Management | 12 | ||||||
Shareholder Information | 13 | ||||||
Financial Highlights | 21 | ||||||
Morgan Stanley Institutional Fund, Inc. Prospectus
Portfolio Summary
Frontier Emerging Markets Portfolio
Objective
The Frontier Emerging Markets Portfolio seeks long-term capital appreciation.
Fees and Expenses
The table below describes the fees and expenses that you may pay if you buy and hold shares of the Portfolio. For shareholders of Class H shares, you may qualify for sales charge discounts if the cumulative net asset value ("NAV") of Class H shares of the Portfolio purchased in a single transaction, together with the NAV of all Class H shares of a portfolio of Morgan Stanley Institutional Fund, Inc. (the "Fund") or a portfolio of Morgan Stanley Institutional Fund Trust held in related accounts, amounts to $50,000 or more. More information about these and other discounts is available from your financial adviser and in the "Shareholder Information—How To Purchase Class H Shares" section on page 14 of this Prospectus.
Shareholder Fees (fees paid directly from your investment)
Class I | Class P | Class H | Class L | ||||||||||||||||
Maximum sales charge (load) imposed on purchases (as a percentage of offering price) | None | None | 4.75 | %† | None | ||||||||||||||
Redemption Fee (as a percentage of the amount redeemed on redemptions made within 30 days of purchase) | 2.00 | % | 2.00 | % | 2.00 | % | 2.00 | % |
Annual Portfolio Operating Expenses (expenses that you pay each year as a percentage of the value of your investment)
Class I | Class P | Class H | Class L | ||||||||||||||||
Advisory Fee | 1.25 | % | 1.25 | % | 1.25 | % | 1.25 | % | |||||||||||
Distribution and/or Service (12b-1) Fee | None | 0.25 | % | 0.25 | % | 0.75 | % | ||||||||||||
Other Expenses‡ | 0.91 | % | 0.91 | % | 0.91 | % | 0.91 | % | |||||||||||
Total Annual Portfolio Operating Expenses* | 2.16 | % | 2.41 | % | 2.41 | % | 2.91 | % | |||||||||||
Fee Waiver and/or Expense Reimbursement* | 0.31 | % | 0.31 | % | 0.31 | % | 0.31 | % | |||||||||||
Total Annual Portfolio Operating Expenses After Fee Waiver and/or Expense Reimbursement* | 1.85 | % | 2.10 | % | 2.10 | % | 2.60 | % |
Example
The example below is intended to help you compare the cost of investing in the Portfolio with the cost of investing in other mutual funds.
The example assumes that you invest $10,000 in the Portfolio, your investment has a 5% return each year and that the Portfolio's operating expenses remain the same. Although your actual costs may be higher or lower, based on these assumptions your costs would be:
1 Year | 3 Years | ||||||||||
Class I | $ | 188 | $ | 582 | |||||||
Class P | $ | 213 | $ | 658 | |||||||
Class H | $ | 678 | $ | 1,102 | |||||||
Class L | $ | 263 | $ | 808 |
† The sales charge is calculated as a percentage of the offering price. The sales charge is reduced for purchases of $50,000 and over. See "Shareholder Information—How To Purchase Class H Shares."
‡ Other expenses have been estimated for the current fiscal year.
* The Portfolio's "Adviser," Morgan Stanley Investment Management Inc., has agreed to reduce its advisory fee and/or reimburse the Portfolio so that Total Annual Portfolio Operating Expenses, excluding certain investment related expenses, will not exceed 1.85% for Class I, 2.10% for Class P, 2.10% for Class H and 2.60% for Class L. The fee waivers and/or expense reimbursements will continue for at least one year or until such time as the Fund's Board of Directors acts to discontinue all or a portion of such waivers and/or reimbursements when it deems such action is appropriate.
Portfolio Turnover
The Portfolio pays transaction costs when it buys and sells securities (or "turns over" its portfolio). A higher portfolio turnover rate may indicate higher transaction costs and may result in higher taxes when Portfolio shares are held in a taxable account. These costs, which are not reflected in Total Annual Portfolio Operating Expenses or in the Example, affect Portfolio performance.
Principal Investment Strategies
The Adviser seek to maximize returns by investing primarily in growth-oriented equity securities in frontier emerging markets.
The Adviser's investment approach combines top-down country allocation with bottom-up stock selection. The Adviser allocates the Portfolio's assets among frontier emerging markets based on relative economic, political and social fundamentals, stock valuations and investor sentiment. To manage risk, the Adviser emphasizes macroeconomic and fundamental research.
Under normal circumstances, at least 80% of the Portfolio's assets will be invested in equity securities of companies operating in frontier emerging market countries. The Portfolio may also invest in emerging market securities. The equity securities in which the Portfolio may primarily invest include common and preferred stocks, convertible securities, rights, warrants, depositary receipts, limited partnership interests and other specialty
1
Frontier Emerging Markets Portfolio (Cont'd)
securities having equity features. The Portfolio may hold or have exposure to equity securities of companies of any size, including small and medium capitalization companies, and to companies in any industry or sector. The Portfolio has a fundamental policy (i.e., one that cannot be changed without shareholder approval) of investing 25% or more of its assets in the banking industry. The Adviser generally considers selling an investment when it determines the company no longer satisfies its investment criteria.
The term "frontier emerging markets" refers to those emerging market countries outside the "mainstream" emerging markets, whose capital markets have traditionally been difficult for foreign investors to enter or are in early stages of capital market and/or economic development. Frontier emerging market countries in which the Portfolio currently may invest include Argentina, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Botswana, Bulgaria, Croatia, Ecuador, Estonia, Georgia, Ghana, Jamaica, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Kenya, Kuwait, Latvia, Lebanon, Lithuania, Mauritius, Namibia, Nigeria, Oman, Pakistan, Panama, Qatar, Romania, Saudi Arabia, Serbia, Slovenia, Sri Lanka, Trinidad & Tobago, Tunisia, Ukraine, United Arab Emirates and Vietnam. The countries that comprise frontier emerging markets may change from time to time. The Portfolio may invest in equity securities of companies operating in frontier emerging market countries that exist now and/or in the future.
For purposes of maintaining exposure of at least 80% of the Portfolio's assets to equity securities of companies operating in frontier emerging market countries, the Portfolio may also invest in American Depositary Receipts ("ADRs"), Global Depositary Receipts ("GDRs") and other types of depositary receipts with respect to companies operating in frontier emerging market countries, securities of other open- and closed-end investment companies, including exchange-traded funds ("ETFs"), and derivative instruments as described herein.
The Portfolio may, but it is not required to, use derivative instruments for a variety of purposes, including hedging, risk management, portfolio management or to earn income. The Portfolio's use of derivatives may involve the purchase and sale of derivative instruments such as futures, swaps, structured investments, and other related instruments and techniques. The Portfolio may utilize foreign currency forward exchange contracts, which are also derivatives, in connection with its investments in foreign securities.
Principal Risks
There is no assurance that the Portfolio will achieve its investment objective and you can lose money investing in this Portfolio. The principal risks of investing in the Portfolio include:
• Equity Securities. In general, prices of equity securities are more volatile than those of fixed income securities. The prices of equity securities will rise and fall in response to a number of different factors, including events that affect particular issuers as well as events that affect entire financial markets or industries. To the extent that the Portfolio invests in convertible securities, and the convertible security's investment value is greater than its conversion value, its price will be likely to increase when interest rates fall and decrease when interest rates rise. If the conversion value exceeds the investment value, the price of the convertible security will tend to fluctuate directly with the price of the underlying equity security.
• Small and Medium Capitalization Companies. Investments in small and medium capitalization companies may involve greater risk than investments in larger, more established companies. The securities issued by small and medium capitalization companies may be less liquid and their prices subject to more abrupt or erratic price movements.
• Frontier Emerging Market Securities. Investing in the securities of issuers operating in frontier emerging markets involves a high degree of risk and special considerations not typically associated with investing in the securities of other foreign or U.S. issuers. In addition, the risks associated with investing in the securities of issuers operating in emerging market countries are magnified when investing in frontier emerging market countries. These types of investments could be affected by factors not usually associated with investments in U.S. issuers, including risks associated with expropriation and/or nationalization, political or social instability, pervasiveness of corruption and crime, armed conflict, the impact on the economy of civil war, religious or ethnic unrest and the withdrawal or non-renewal of any license enabling the Portfolio to trade in securities of a particular country, confiscatory taxation, restrictions on transfers of assets, lack of uniform accounting, auditing and financial reporting standards, less publicly available financial and other information, diplomatic development which could affect U.S. investments in those countries and potential difficulties in enforcing contractual obligations. These risks and special considerations make investments in companies operating in frontier emerging market countries highly speculative in nature and, accordingly, an investment in the Portfolio must be viewed as highly speculative in nature and may not be suitable for an investor who is not able to afford the loss of his or her entire investment. To the extent that the Portfolio invests a significant percentage of its assets in a single frontier emerging market country, the Portfolio will be subject to heightened risk associated with investing in frontier emerging market countries and additional risks associated with that particular country. In addition, the Portfolio's investments may be denominated in foreign currencies and therefore, changes in the value of a country's currency compared to the U.S. dollar may affect the value of the Portfolio's investments. Hedging the Portfolio's currency risks through foreign currency forward exchange contracts involves
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Morgan Stanley Institutional Fund, Inc. Prospectus
Portfolio Summary
Frontier Emerging Markets Portfolio (Cont'd)
the risk of mismatching the Portfolio's objectives under a foreign currency forward exchange contract with the value of securities denominated in a particular currency. There is additional risk that such transactions reduce or preclude the opportunity for gain and that currency contracts create exposure to currencies in which the Portfolio's securities are not denominated. The use of foreign currency forward exchange contracts involves the risk of loss from the insolvency or bankruptcy of the counterparty to the contract or the failure of the counterparty to make payments or otherwise comply with the terms of the contract.
• Banking Industry. Investment opportunities in many frontier emerging markets may be concentrated in the banking industry. Based on the Portfolio's investment restriction regarding concentration, the Portfolio, at all times, will be required to invest 25% or more of its total assets in the securities of issuers in the banking industry. As a result, the Portfolio may have a high concentration of investments in the banking industry. The banking industry can be affected by global and local economic conditions, such as the levels and liquidity of the global and local financial and asset markets, the absolute and relative level and volatility of interest rates and equity prices, investor sentiment, inflation, and the availability and cost of credit. Adverse developments in these conditions can have a greater adverse effect on the banking industry of a frontier emerging market economy than on other industries of its economy. Because the Portfolio's investments will be concentrated in the banking industry, factors that have an adverse impact on this industry may have a disproportionate impact on the Portfolio's performance.
• Investment Company Securities. Subject to the limitations set forth in the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the "1940 Act"), or as otherwise permitted by the SEC, the Portfolio may acquire shares in other investment companies, including foreign investment companies and ETFs, which may be managed by the Adviser or its affiliates. The market value of the shares of other investment companies may differ from the NAV of the Portfolio. The shares of closed-end investment companies frequently trade at a discount to their NAV. As a shareholder in an investment company, the Portfolio would bear its ratable share of that entity's expenses, including its investment advisory and administration fees. At the same time, the Portfolio would continue to pay its own advisory and administration fees and other expenses. As a result, the Portfolio and its shareholders, in effect, will be absorbing duplicate levels of fees with respect to investments in other investment companies.
• Derivatives Risk. A derivative instrument often has risks similar to its underlying asset and may have additional risks, including imperfect correlation between the value of the derivative and the underlying asset, risks of default by the counterparty to certain transactions, magnification of losses incurred due to changes in the market value of the securities, instruments, indices or interest rates to which they relate and risks that the transactions may not be liquid. Certain derivative transactions may give rise to a form of leverage. Leverage magnifies the potential for gain and the risk of loss.
Shares of the Portfolio are not bank deposits and are not guaranteed or insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corportion or any other government agency.
Performance Information
As of the date hereof, the Portfolio has not yet completed a full calendar year of investment operations. Upon the completion of a full calendar year of investment operations by the Portfolio, this section will include charts that show annual total returns, highest and lowest quarterly returns and average annual total returns (before and after taxes) compared to a benchmark index selected for the Portfolio. Performance information for the Portfolio will be available online at www.morganstanley.com/im.
Adviser. Morgan Stanley Investment Management Inc.
Portfolio Manager. The Portfolio is managed by members of the Emerging Markets Equity team. Information about the member primarily responsible for the day-to-day management of the Portfolio is shown below:
Name | Title with Adviser | Date Began Managing Portfolio | |||||||||
Tim Drinkall | Executive Director | Since Inception | |||||||||
Purchase and Sale of Fund Shares
The minimum initial investment generally is $5,000,000 for Class I shares, $1,000,000 for Class P shares and $25,000 for each of Class H and Class L shares of the Portfolio. The minimum initial investment will be waived for certain investments. For more information, please refer to the "Shareholder Information—How To Purchase Class I, Class P and Class L Shares" and "—How To Purchase Class H Shares" sections beginning on pages 13 and 14, respectively of this Prospectus.
Class I, Class P and Class L shares of the Portfolio may be purchased or sold on any day the New York Stock Exchange ("NYSE") is open for business directly through the Fund by mail (c/o Morgan Stanley Services Company Inc., P.O. Box 219804, Kansas City, MO 64121-9804) or by telephone (1-800-548-7786) or by contacting your financial intermediary.
For more information, please refer to the "Shareholder Information—How To Purchase Class I, Class P and Class L Shares" and "—How To Redeem Class I, Class P
3
Frontier Emerging Markets Portfolio (Cont'd)
and Class L Shares" sections beginning on pages 13 and 16, respectively, of this Prospectus.
Class H shares of the Portfolio may be purchased or redeemed by contacting your authorized financial representative.
Tax Information
The Portfolio intends to make distributions that may be taxed as ordinary income or capital gains, unless you are investing through a tax-deferred arrangement, such as a 401(k) plan or an individual retirement account.
Payments to Broker-Dealers and Other Financial Intermediaries
If you purchase the Portfolio through a broker-dealer or other financial intermediary (such as a bank), the Adviser and/or the Portfolio's "Distributor," Morgan Stanley Distribution, Inc., may pay the intermediary for the sale of Portfolio shares and related services. These payments, which may be significant in amount, may create a conflict of interest by influencing the broker-dealer or other intermediary and your salesperson to recommend the Portfolio over another investment. Ask your salesperson or visit your financial intermediary's web site for more information.
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Morgan Stanley Institutional Fund, Inc. Prospectus
Details of the Portfolio
Frontier Emerging Markets Portfolio
Objective
The Frontier Emerging Markets Portfolio seeks long-term capital appreciation.
The Portfolio's investment objective may be changed by the Fund's Board of Directors without shareholder approval, but no change is anticipated. If the Portfolio's investment objective changes, the Portfolio will notify shareholders and shareholders should consider whether the Portfolio remains an appropriate investment in light of the change.
Approach
The Adviser seeks to achieve the Portfolio's investment objective by investing primarily in growth-oriented equity securities in frontier emerging markets. The Adviser's investment approach combines top-down country allocation based on relative economic, political and social fundamentals, stock valuations and investor sentiment, with bottom-up fundamental analysis seeking to identify issuers with investor friendly management, effective use of free cash flows and strong earnings growth potential.
Process
The Adviser's global strategists analyze the global economic environment, particularly its impact on frontier emerging markets, and allocate the Portfolio's assets among frontier emerging markets based on relative economic, political and social fundamentals, market valuations and investor sentiment. The Adviser invests in countries based on the work of country specialists who conduct extensive fundamental analysis of companies within these markets and seek to identify companies with strong earnings growth prospects. To manage risk, the Adviser emphasizes macroeconomic and fundamental research. The Adviser generally considers selling a portfolio holding when it determines that the holding no longer satisfies its investment criteria.
Under normal circumstances, at least 80% of the Portfolio's assets will be invested in equity securities of companies operating in frontier emerging market countries. This policy may be changed without shareholder approval; however, you would be notified in writing of any changes.
The equity securities in which the Portfolio may primarily invest include common and preferred stocks, convertible securities, rights, warrants, depositary receipts, limited partnership interests and other specialty securities having equity features. The Portfolio may also invest in emerging market securities. The Portfolio may hold or have exposure to equity securities of companies of any size, including small and medium capitalization companies, and to companies in any industry or sector. The Portfolio has a fundamental policy (i.e., one that cannot be changed without shareholder approval) of investing 25% or more of its assets in the banking industry.
The Adviser considers a company to be operating in a frontier emerging market country if (i) the principal trading market for its securities is in a frontier emerging market country, (ii) alone or on a consolidated basis it derives 50% or more of its annual revenues from goods produced, sales made or services performed in a frontier emerging market country or countries or (iii) it is organized under the laws of, or has a principal office in, a frontier emerging market country. By applying this test, it is possible that a particular issuer could be deemed to be from more than one country. For example, a company that derives 50% or more of its annual revenues from services performed in a frontier emerging market country can be deemed to be operating in that country even though it was organized under the laws of another country and its principal trading market is also a different country. In addition, certain of the issuers that fall within categories (ii) and (iii) above may or may not have a principal trading market in a frontier emerging market country and, while exposing the Portfolio's assets to the economic benefits of investing in a frontier emerging market country, may not do so to the same extent as an issuer with a principal trading market in a frontier emerging market country.
The term "frontier emerging markets" refers to those emerging market countries outside the "mainstream" emerging markets, whose capital markets have traditionally been difficult for foreign investors to enter or are in early stages of capital market and/or economic development. Frontier emerging market countries in which the Portfolio currently may invest include Argentina, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Botswana, Bulgaria, Croatia, Ecuador, Estonia, Georgia, Ghana, Jamaica, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Kenya, Kuwait, Latvia, Lebanon, Lithuania, Mauritius, Namibia, Nigeria, Oman, Pakistan, Panama, Qatar, Romania, Saudi Arabia, Serbia, Slovenia, Sri Lanka, Trinidad & Tobago, Tunisia, Ukraine, United Arab Emirates and Vietnam. The countries that comprise frontier emerging markets may change from time to time. The Portfolio may invest in equity securities of companies operating in frontier emerging market countries that exist now and/or in the future.
For purposes of maintaining exposure of at least 80% of the Portfolio's assets to equity securities of companies operating in frontier emerging market countries, the Portfolio may also invest in ADRs, GDRs and other types of depositary receipts with respect to companies operating in frontier emerging market countries, securities of other open- and closed-end investment companies, including ETFs, and derivative instruments as described herein.
The Portfolio may, but it is not required to, use derivative instruments for a variety of purposes, including hedging, risk management, portfolio management or to earn income. Derivatives are financial instruments whose value is based on the value of an underlying asset, interest rate, index or financial instrument. The Portfolio's
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Frontier Emerging Markets Portfolio (Cont'd)
use of derivatives may involve the purchase and sale of derivative instruments such as futures, swaps, structured investments, and other related instruments and techniques. The Portfolio may utilize forward foreign currency exchange contracts, which are also derivatives, in connection with its investments in foreign securities. Derivative instruments used by the Portfolio will be counted toward the 80% policy discussed above to the extent they have economic characteristics similar to the securities included within that policy.
Risks
The Portfolio's principal investment strategies are subject to the following principal risks:
Investing in the Portfolio may be appropriate for you if you are willing to accept the risks and uncertainties of investing in the equity securities of issuers in frontier emerging markets. In general, prices of equity securities are more volatile than those of fixed income securities. The prices of equity securities will rise and fall in response to a number of different factors. In particular, prices of equity securities will respond to events that affect entire financial markets or industries (changes in inflation or consumer demand, for example) and to events that affect particular issuers (news about the success or failure of a new product, for example).
To the extent that the Portfolio invests in convertible securities, and the convertible security's investment value is greater than its conversion value, its price will be likely to increase when interest rates fall and decrease when interest rates rise. If the conversion value exceeds the investment value, the price of the convertible security will tend to fluctuate directly with the price of the underlying equity security.
In addition, at times, small and medium capitalization equity securities may underperform relative to the overall market. Investments in small and medium capitalization companies may involve greater risk than investments in larger, more established companies. The securities issued by small and medium capitalization companies may be less liquid and their prices subject to more abrupt or erratic price movements. In addition, small and medium capitalization companies may have more limited markets, financial resources and product lines, and may lack the depth of management of larger companies. The Adviser's perception that a stock is under- or over-valued may not be accurate or may not be realized.
Investing in the securities of issuers operating in frontier emerging markets involves a high degree of risk and special considerations not typically associated with investing in the securities of other foreign or U.S. issuers. In addition, the risks associated with investing in the securities of issuers operating in emerging market countries are magnified when investing in frontier emerging market countries. These types of investments could be affected by factors not usually associated with investments in U.S. issuers, including risks associated with expropriation and/or nationalization, political or social instability, pervasiveness of corruption and crime, armed conflict, the impact on the economy of civil war, religious or ethnic unrest and the withdrawal or non-renewal of any license enabling the Portfolio to trade in securities of a particular country, confiscatory taxation, restrictions on transfers of assets, lack of uniform accounting, auditing and financial reporting standards, less publicly available financial and other information, diplomatic development which could affect U.S. investments in those countries and potential difficulties in enforcing contractual obligations. These risks and special considerations make investments in companies operating in frontier emerging market countries highly speculative in nature and, accordingly, an investment in the Portfolio's common shares must be viewed as highly speculative in nature and may not be suitable for an investor who is not able to afford the loss of his or her entire investment. To the extent that the Portfolio invests a significant percentage of its assets in a single frontier emerging market country, the Portfolio will be subject to heightened risk associated with investing in frontier emerging market countries and additional risks associated with that particular country.
The economies of individual frontier emerging market countries may differ favorably or unfavorably from the U.S. economy in such respects as growth of gross domestic product, rate of inflation, currency depreciation, capital reinvestment, resource self-sufficiency and balance of payments position. Governments of many frontier emerging market countries have exercised and continue to exercise substantial influence over many aspects of the private sector. In some cases, the government owns or controls many companies, including some of the largest in the country. Accordingly, government actions could have a significant effect on economic conditions in a frontier emerging market country and on market conditions, prices and yields of securities in the Portfolio's portfolio. Moreover, the economies of frontier emerging market countries may be heavily dependent upon international trade and, accordingly, have been and may continue to be adversely affected by trade barriers, exchange controls, managed adjustments in relative currency values and other protectionist measures imposed or negotiated by the countries with which they trade. These economies also have been and may continue to be adversely affected by economic conditions in the countries with which they trade. In addition, the inter-relatedness of the economies in frontier emerging market countries has deepened over the years, with the effect that economic difficulties in one country often spread throughout a region or even among all or most markets of frontier emerging market countries, an effect that may vitiate any attempt by the Portfolio to reduce risk through geographic diversification of its portfolio investments.
The financial markets of frontier emerging market countries have, for the most part, substantially less volume
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Morgan Stanley Institutional Fund, Inc. Prospectus
Details of the Portfolio
Frontier Emerging Markets Portfolio (Cont'd)
than more developed markets, and securities of many companies are less liquid and their prices are more volatile than securities of comparable companies in more sizeable markets. There are also varying levels of government supervision and regulation of exchanges, financial institutions and issuers in various countries. In addition, the manner in which foreign investors may invest in securities in certain countries, as well as limitations on such investments, may affect the investment operations of the Portfolio.
Investments in securities of issuers operating in frontier emerging market countries may also be exposed to an extra degree of custodial ownership and/or market risk, especially where the securities purchased are not traded on an official exchange or where ownership records regarding the securities are maintained by an unregulated entity (or even the issuer itself). In some countries, market practice may require that payment shall be made prior to receipt of the security which is being purchased, or that delivery of a security must be made before payment is received. In such cases, default by a broker or bank through whom the relevant transaction is effected might result in a loss being suffered by the Portfolio. In addition, there is generally less governmental supervision and regulation of stock exchanges, brokers and listed issuers than in the United States. The Adviser will seek, where possible, to cause the Portfolio to use counterparties whose financial status is such that this risk is reduced. However, there can be no certainty that the Adviser will be successful in eliminating this risk for the Portfolio, particularly as counterparties operating in frontier emerging market countries frequently lack the substance or financial resources of those in developed countries. There may also be a danger that, because of uncertainties in the operation of settlement systems in individual markets, competing claims may arise in respect of securities held by or to be transferred to the Portfolio. Furthermore, compensation schemes may be non-existent or limited or inadequate to meet the Portfolio's claims in any of these events.
Investment in equity securities of issuers operating in certain frontier emerging market countries is restricted or controlled to varying degrees. These restrictions or controls may at times limit or preclude foreign investment in equity securities of issuers operating in certain frontier emerging market countries and increase the costs and expenses of the Portfolio. Certain frontier emerging market countries require governmental approval prior to investments by foreign persons, limit the amount of investment by foreign persons in a particular issuer, limit the investment by foreign persons only to a specific class of securities of an issuer that may have less advantageous rights than the classes available for purchase by domiciliaries of the countries and/or impose additional taxes on foreign investors. Certain frontier emerging market countries may also restrict investment opportunities in issuers in industries deemed important to national interests.
Frontier emerging market countries may require governmental approval for the repatriation of investment income, capital or the proceeds of sales of securities by foreign investors. In addition, if deterioration occurs in a frontier emerging market country's balance of payments, the country could impose temporary restrictions on foreign capital remittances. The Portfolio could be adversely affected by delays in, or a refusal to grant, any required governmental approval for repatriation of capital, as well as by the application to the Portfolio of any restrictions on investments. Investing in local markets in frontier emerging market countries may require the Portfolio to adopt special procedures, seek local government approvals or take other actions, each of which may involve additional costs to the Portfolio.
Investment in frontier emerging market countries may entail purchasing securities issued by or on behalf of entities that are insolvent, bankrupt, in default or otherwise engaged in an attempt to reorganize or reschedule their obligations and in entities that have little or no proven credit rating or credit history. In any such case, the issuer's poor or deteriorating financial condition may increase the likelihood that the Portfolio will experience losses or diminution in available gains due to bankruptcy, insolvency or fraud. Certain foreign governments levy withholding or other taxes on dividend and interest income. Although in some countries a portion of these taxes are recoverable, the non-recovered portion of foreign withholding taxes will reduce the income received from investments in such countries.
From time to time, certain of the companies in which the Portfolio expects to invest may operate in, or have dealings with, countries subject to sanctions or embargoes imposed by the U.S. government and the United Nations and/or countries identified by the U.S. Government as state sponsors of terrorism. A company may suffer damage to its reputation if it is identified as a company which operates in, or has dealings with, countries subject to sanctions or embargoes imposed by the U.S. Government and the United Nations and/or countries identified by the U.S. Government as state sponsors of terrorism. As an investor in such companies, the Portfolio will be indirectly subject to those risks.
A substantial portion of the Portfolio's investments in foreign issuers may be denominated in foreign currencies. As a result, changes in the value of a country's currency compared to the U.S. dollar may affect the value of the Portfolio's investments. These changes may occur separately from and in response to events that do not otherwise affect the value of the security in the issuer's home country. Hedging the Portfolio's currency risks through foreign currency forward exchange contracts involves the risk of mismatching the Portfolio's objectives under a foreign currency forward exchange contract with the value of securities denominated in a particular currency. Furthermore, such transactions reduce or
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Frontier Emerging Markets Portfolio (Cont'd)
preclude the opportunity for gain if the value of the currency should move in the direction opposite to the position taken. There is additional risk that such transactions reduce or preclude the opportunity for gain and that currency contracts create exposure to currencies in which the Portfolio's securities are not denominated. The use of foreign currency forward exchange contracts involves the risk of loss from the insolvency or bankruptcy of the counterparty to the contract or the failure of the counterparty to make payments or otherwise comply with the terms of the contract.
Investment opportunities in many frontier emerging markets may be concentrated in the banking industry. The banking industry can be affected by global and local economic conditions, such as the levels and liquidity of the global and local financial and asset markets, the absolute and relative level and volatility of interest rates and equity prices, investor sentiment, inflation, and the availability and cost of credit. Adverse developments in these conditions can have a greater adverse effect on the banking industry of a frontier emerging market economy than on other industries of its economy. Because the Portfolio's investments will be concentrated in the banking industry, factors that have an adverse impact on this industry may have a disproportionate impact on the Portfolio's performance.
Subject to the limitations set forth in the 1940 Act or as otherwise permitted by the SEC, the Portfolio may acquire shares in other investment companies, including foreign investment companies and ETFs, which may be managed by the Adviser or its affiliates. The market value of the shares of other investment companies may differ from the NAV of the particular Portfolio. The shares of closed-end investment companies frequently trade at a discount to their NAV. As a shareholder in an investment company, the Portfolio would bear its ratable share of that entity's expenses, including its investment advisory and administration fees. At the same time, the Portfolio would continue to pay its own advisory and administration fees and other expenses. As a result, the Portfolio and its stockholders, in effect, will be absorbing duplicate levels of fees with respect to investments in other investment companies.
A derivative instrument often has risks similar to its underlying asset and may have additional risks, including imperfect correlation between the value of the derivative and the underlying asset, risks of default by the counterparty to certain transactions, magnification of losses incurred due to changes in the market value of the securities, instruments, indices or interest rates to which they relate, and risks that the transactions may not be liquid. Certain derivative transactions may give rise to a form of leverage. Leverage magnifies the potential for gain and the risk of loss.
Please see "Additional Information about the Portfolio's Investment Strategies and Related Risks" for further information about these and other risks of investing in the Portfolio.
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Morgan Stanley Institutional Fund, Inc. Prospectus
Additional Information about the Portfolio's Investment
Strategies and Risks
This section discusses additional information relating to the Portfolio's investment strategies, other types of investments that the Portfolio may make and related risk factors. The Portfolio's investment practices and limitations are described in more detail in the Statement of Additional Information ("SAI"), which is incorporated by reference and legally is a part of this Prospectus. For details on how to obtain a copy of the SAI and other reports and information, see the back cover of this Prospectus.
Equity Securities
Equity securities may include common and preferred stocks, convertible securities, rights, warrants, depositary receipts, limited partnerships and other specialty securities having equity features. The Portfolio may invest in equity securities that are publicly-traded on securities exchanges or over-the-counter or in equity securities that are not publicly traded. Securities that are not publicly traded may be more difficult to sell and their value may fluctuate more dramatically than other securities.
A convertible security is a bond, debenture, note, preferred stock, right, warrant or other security that may be converted into or exchanged for a prescribed amount of common stock or other security of the same or a different issuer or into cash within a particular period of time at a specified price or formula. A convertible security generally entitles the holder to receive interest paid or accrued on debt securities or the dividend paid on preferred stock until the convertible security matures or is redeemed, converted or exchanged. Before conversion, convertible securities generally have characteristics similar to both debt and equity securities. The value of convertible securities tends to decline as interest rates rise and, because of the conversion feature, tends to vary with fluctuations in the market value of the underlying securities. Convertible securities ordinarily provide a stream of income with generally higher yields than those of common stock of the same or similar issuers. Convertible securities generally rank senior to common stock in a corporation's capital structure but are usually subordinated to comparable nonconvertible securities. Convertible securities generally do not participate directly in any dividend increases or decreases of the underlying securities although the market prices of convertible securities may be affected by any dividend changes or other changes in the underlying securities.
Fixed Income Securities
Fixed income securities are securities that pay a fixed or a variable rate of interest until a stated maturity date. Fixed income securities include U.S. government securities, securities issued by federal or federally sponsored agencies and instrumentalities, corporate bonds and notes, asset-backed securities, mortgage securities, high yield securities, floating rate securities, inflation-linked fixed income securities, municipal bonds, loan participations and assignments, zero coupon bonds, convertible securities, Eurobonds, Brady Bonds, Yankee Bonds, securities issued or guaranteed by foreign governments or supranational organizations or any of their instrumentalities, repurchase agreements, commercial paper and cash equivalents.
These securities are subject to risks related to changes in interest rates and in the financial health or credit rating of the issuers. The maturity and duration of a fixed income instrument also affects the extent to which the price of the security will change in response to these and other factors. Longer term securities tend to experience larger price changes than shorter term securities because they are more sensitive to changes in interest rates or in the credit ratings of the issuers.
Fixed income securities may be called (i.e., redeemed by the issuer) prior to final maturity. If a callable security is called, the Portfolio may have to reinvest the proceeds at a lower rate of interest.
Price Volatility
The value of your investment in the Portfolio is based on the market prices of the securities the Portfolio holds. These prices change daily due to economic and other events that affect markets generally, as well as those that affect particular regions, countries, industries, companies or governments. These price movements, sometimes called volatility, may be greater or less depending on the types of securities the Portfolio owns and the markets in which the securities trade. Over time, equity securities have generally shown gains superior to fixed income securities, although they have tended to be more volatile in the short term. Fixed income securities, regardless of credit quality, also experience price volatility, especially in response to interest rate changes. As a result of price volatility, there is a risk that you may lose money by investing in the Portfolio.
Foreign Investing
To the extent that the Portfolio invests in foreign issuers, there is the risk that news and events unique to a country or region will affect those markets and their issuers. These same events will not necessarily have an effect on the U.S. economy or similar issuers located in the United States. In addition, a substantial portion of the Portfolio's securities, including underlying securities represented by depositary receipts, generally will be denominated in foreign currencies. As a result, changes in the value of a country's currency compared to the U.S. dollar may affect the value of the Portfolio's investments. These changes may happen separately from, and in response to, events that do not otherwise affect the value of the security in the issuer's home country. These risks may be intensified for the Portfolio's investments in securities of issuers located in emerging market or developing countries.
Foreign Securities
Foreign issuers generally are subject to different accounting, auditing and financial reporting standards than U.S. issuers. There may be less information available to the public about foreign issuers. Securities of foreign issuers can be less liquid and experience greater price movements. In addition, the prices of such securities may be susceptible to influence by large traders, due to the limited size of many foreign securities markets. Moreover, investments in certain foreign markets, which have historically been considered stable, may become more volatile and subject to increased risk due to ongoing developments and changing conditions in such markets. Also, the growing interconnectivity of global economies and financial markets has increased probability that
9
adverse developments and conditions in one country or region will affect the stability of economies and financial markets in other countries or regions. In some foreign countries, there is also the risk of government expropriation, excessive taxation, political or social instability, the imposition of currency controls or diplomatic developments that could affect the Portfolio's investment. There also can be difficulty obtaining and enforcing judgments against issuers in foreign countries. Foreign stock exchanges, broker-dealers and listed issuers may be subject to less government regulation and oversight. The cost of investing in foreign securities, including brokerage commissions and custodial expenses, can be higher than in the United States.
The Portfolio may invest in debt obligations known as "sovereign debt," which are obligations of governmental issuers in frontier emerging market, emerging market or developing countries and industrialized countries. Certain frontier emerging market, emerging market or developing countries are among the largest debtors to commercial banks and foreign governments. The issuer or governmental authority that controls the repayment of sovereign debt may not be willing or able to repay the principal and/or pay interest when due in accordance with the terms of such obligations.
In connection with its investments in foreign securities, the Portfolio also may enter into contracts with banks, brokers or dealers to purchase or sell securities or foreign currencies at a future date. A foreign currency forward exchange contract is a negotiated agreement between the contracting parties to exchange a specified amount of currency at a specified future time at a specified rate. The rate can be higher or lower than the spot rate between the currencies that are the subject of the contract. Foreign currency forward exchange contracts may be used to protect against uncertainty in the level of future foreign currency exchange rates or to gain or modify exposure to a particular currency. In addition, the Portfolio may use cross currency hedging or proxy hedging with respect to currencies in which the Portfolio has or expects to have portfolio or currency exposure. Cross currency hedges involve the sale of one currency against the positive exposure to a different currency and may be used for hedging purposes or to establish an active exposure to the exchange rate between any two currencies. The use of foreign currency forward exchange contracts involves the risk of loss from the insolvency or bankruptcy of the counterparty to the contract or the failure of the counterparty to make payments or otherwise comply with the terms of the contract.
Foreign Currency
The investments of the Portfolio may be denominated in foreign currencies. The value of foreign currencies may fluctuate relative to the value of the U.S. dollar. Since the Portfolio may invest in such non-U.S. dollar-denominated securities, and therefore may convert the value of such securities into U.S. dollars, changes in currency exchange rates can increase or decrease the U.S. dollar value of the Portfolio's assets. The Adviser may use derivatives to reduce this risk. The Adviser may in its discretion choose not to hedge against currency risk. In addition, certain market conditions may make it impossible or uneconomical to hedge against currency risk.
Derivatives
The Portfolio may, but it is not required to, use derivative instruments for a variety of purposes, including hedging, risk management, portfolio management or to earn income. Derivatives are financial instruments whose value is based on the value of an underlying asset, interest rate, index or financial instrument.
A derivative instrument often has risks similar to its underlying asset and may have additional risks, including imperfect correlation between the value of the derivative and the underlying asset, risks of default by the counterparty to certain transactions, magnification of losses incurred due to changes in the market value of the securities, instruments, indices or interest rates to which they relate, and risks that the transactions may not be liquid. The use of derivatives involves risks that are different from, and possibly greater than, the risks associated with other portfolio investments. Derivatives may involve the use of highly specialized instruments that require investment techniques and risk analyses different from those associated with other portfolio investments.
Certain derivative transactions may give rise to a form of leverage. Leverage magnifies the potential for gain and the risk of loss. Leverage associated with derivative transactions may cause the Portfolio to liquidate portfolio positions when it may not be advantageous to do so to satisfy its obligations or to meet earmarking or segregation requirements, pursuant to applicable SEC rules and regulations, or may cause the Portfolio to be more volatile than if the Portfolio had not been leveraged. Although the Adviser seeks to use derivatives to further the Portfolio's investment objective, there is no assurance that the use of derivatives will achieve this result.
The derivative instruments and techniques that the Portfolio may principally use include:
Futures. A futures contract is a standardized, exchange-traded agreement to buy or sell a specific quantity of an underlying instrument at a specific price at a specific future time. The value of a futures contract tends to increase and decrease in tandem with the value of the underlying instrument. Depending on the terms of the particular contract, futures contracts are settled through either physical delivery of the underlying instrument on the settlement date or by payment of a cash settlement amount on the settlement date. A decision as to whether, when and how to use futures involves the exercise of skill and judgment and even a well-conceived futures transaction may be unsuccessful because of market behavior or
10
Morgan Stanley Institutional Fund, Inc. Prospectus
Additional Information about the Portfolio's Investment
Strategies and Risks
unexpected events. In addition to the derivatives risks discussed above, the prices of futures can be highly volatile, using futures can lower total return, and the potential loss from futures can exceed the Portfolio's initial investment in such contracts.
Swaps. An over-the-counter ("OTC") swap contract is an agreement between two parties pursuant to which the parties exchange payments at specified dates on the basis of a specified notional amount, with the payments calculated by reference to specified securities, indexes, reference rates, currencies or other instruments. A small percentage of swap contracts are cleared through a central clearinghouse. Most swap agreements provide that when the period payment dates for both parties are the same, the payments are made on a net basis (i.e., the two payment streams are netted out, with only the net amount paid by one party to the other). The Portfolio's obligations or rights under a swap contract entered into on a net basis will generally be equal only to the net amount to be paid or received under the agreement, based on the relative values of the positions held by each counterparty. Most swap agreements are not entered into or traded on exchanges and often there is no central clearing or guaranty function for swaps. These OTC swaps are often subject to credit risk or the risk of default or non-performance by the counterparty. Swaps could result in losses if interest rates or foreign currency exchange rates or credit quality changes are not correctly anticipated by the Portfolio or if the reference index, security or investments do not perform as expected. The Portfolio's use of swaps may include those based on the credit of an underlying security, commonly referred to as "credit default swaps." Where the Portfolio is the buyer of a credit default swap contract, it would be entitled to receive the par (or other agreed-upon) value of a referenced debt obligation from the counterparty to the contract only in the event of a default or similar event by a third party on the debt obligation. If no default occurs, the Portfolio would have paid to the counterparty a periodic stream of payments over the term of the contract and received no benefit from the contract. When the Portfolio is the seller of a credit default swap contract, it receives the stream of payments but is obligated to pay an amount equal to the par (or other agreed-upon) value of a referenced debt obligation upon the default or similar event of that referenced debt obligation.
Structured Investments. The Portfolio also may invest a portion of its assets in structured investments. A structured investment is a derivative security designed to offer a return linked to a particular underlying security, currency, commodity or market. Structured investments may come in various forms including notes (such as exchange-traded notes), warrants and options to purchase securities. The Portfolio will typically use structured investments to gain exposure to a permitted underlying security, currency or market when direct access to a market is limited or inefficient from a tax or cost standpoint. Investments in structured investments involve risks including issuer risk, counterparty risk and market risk. Holders of structured investments bear risks of the underlying investment and are subject to issuer or counterparty risk because the Portfolio is relying on the creditworthiness of such issuer or counterparty and has no rights with respect to the underlying investment. Certain structured investments may be thinly traded or have a limited trading market and may have the effect of increasing the Portfolio's illiquidity to the extent that the Portfolio, at a particular point in time, may be unable to find qualified buyers for these securities.
Investment Discretion
In pursuing the Portfolio's investment objective, the Adviser has considerable leeway in deciding which investments it buys, holds or sells on a day-to-day basis, and which trading strategies it uses. For example, the Adviser, in its discretion, may determine to use some permitted trading strategies while not using others. The success or failure of such decisions will affect the Portfolio's performance.
Temporary Defensive Investments
When the Adviser believes that changes in economic, financial or political conditions warrant, the Portfolio may invest without limit in certain short- and medium-term fixed income securities for temporary defensive purposes that may be inconsistent with the Portfolio's principal investment strategies. If the Adviser incorrectly predicts the effects of these changes, such defensive investments may adversely affect the Portfolio's performance and the Portfolio may not achieve its investment objective.
Portfolio Turnover
Consistent with its investment policies, the Portfolio will purchase and sell securities without regard to the effect on portfolio turnover. Higher portfolio turnover (e.g., over 100% per year) will cause the Portfolio to incur additional transaction costs and may result in taxable gains being passed through to shareholders. The Portfolio may engage in frequent trading of securities to achieve its investment objective.
11
Morgan Stanley Institutional Fund, Inc. Prospectus
Fund Management
Adviser
Morgan Stanley Investment Management Inc., with principal offices at 522 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY 10036, conducts a worldwide portfolio management business and provides a broad range of portfolio management services to customers in the United States and abroad. Morgan Stanley is the direct parent of the Adviser and the indirect parent of the Distributor. Morgan Stanley is a preeminent global financial services firm engaged in securities trading and brokerage activities, as well as providing investment banking, research and analysis, financing and financial advisory services. As of March 31, 2012, the Adviser, together with its affiliated asset management companies, had approximately $303.8 billion in assets under management or supervision.
Advisory Fees
The Adviser receives a fee for advisory services equal to 1.25% of the Portfolio's average daily net assets.
The Adviser has agreed to reduce its advisory fee and/or reimburse the Portfolio, if necessary, if such fees would cause the total annual operating expenses of the Portfolio to exceed 1.85% for Class I, 2.10% for Class P, 2.10% for Class H and 2.60% for Class L. In determining the actual amount of fee waiver and/or expense reimbursement for the Portfolio, if any, the Adviser excludes from annual operating expenses certain investment related expenses. The fee waivers and/or expense reimbursements for the Portfolio will continue for at least one year or until such time as the Fund's Board of Directors acts to discontinue all or a portion of such waivers and/or reimbursements when it deems such action is appropriate.
Portfolio Management
The Portfolio is managed by members of the Emerging Markets Equity team. The team consists of portfolio managers and analysts. The member of the team primarily responsible for the day-to-day management of the Portfolio is Tim Drinkall.
Mr. Drinkall has been associated with the Adviser in an investment management capacity since October 2007. Prior to joining the Adviser, Mr. Drinkall was a Fund Manager at Gustavia Capital from July 2005 to October 2007.
Additional Information
The Portfolio's SAI provides additional information about the portfolio managers' compensation structure, other accounts managed by the portfolio managers and the portfolio managers' ownership of securities in the Portfolio.
The composition of the team may change from time to time.
A discussion regarding the Board of Directors' approval of the Investment Advisory Agreement will be available in the Fund's Semiannual Report to Shareholders for the period ending June 30, 2012.
12
Morgan Stanley Institutional Fund, Inc. Prospectus
Shareholder Information
Shareholder Information
Share Class
This Prospectus offers Class I, Class P, Class H and Class L shares of the Portfolio. Neither Class I shares, Class P nor Class L shares are subject to a sales charge, and Class I shares are not subject to a shareholder services fee. Both Class I and Class P shares generally require investments in minimum amounts that are substantially higher than Class H and Class L shares.
Distribution of Portfolio Shares
Morgan Stanley Distribution, Inc. is the exclusive Distributor of Class I, Class P, Class H and Class L shares of the Portfolio. The Distributor receives no compensation from the Fund for distributing Class I shares of the Portfolio. The Fund has adopted a Shareholder Services Plan with respect to the Class P shares of the Portfolio, a Shareholder Services Plan with respect to the Class H shares of the Portfolio and a Distribution and Shareholder Services Plan with respect to the Class L shares of the Portfolio (the "Plans") pursuant to Rule 12b-1 under the 1940 Act. Under the Plans, the Portfolio pays the Distributor a shareholder services fee of up to 0.25% of the average daily net assets of each of the Class P shares, Class H shares and Class L shares on an annualized basis and a distribution fee of up to 0.50% of the average daily net assets of Class L shares on an annualized basis. The Distributor may compensate other parties for providing distribution-related and/or shareholder support services to investors who purchase Class P, Class H and Class L shares. Such fees relate solely to the Class P, Class H and Class L shares and will reduce the net investment income and total return of the Class P, Class H and Class L shares, respectively.
The Adviser and/or Distributor may pay compensation to certain brokers or other service providers in connection with the sale, distribution, marketing and retention of the Portfolio's shares and/or shareholder servicing. Such compensation may be significant in amount and the prospect of receiving any such additional compensation may provide affiliated or unaffiliated entities with an incentive to favor sales of shares of the Portfolio over other investment options. Any such payments will not change the NAV or the price of the Portfolio's shares. For more information, please see the Portfolio's SAI.
About Net Asset Value
The NAV per share of a class of shares of the Portfolio is determined by dividing the total of the value of the Portfolio's investments and other assets attributable to the class, less any liabilities attributable to the class, by the total number of outstanding shares of that class of the Portfolio. In making this calculation, the Portfolio generally values securities at market price. If market prices are unavailable or may be unreliable because of events occurring after the close of trading, including circumstances under which the Adviser determines that a security's market price is not accurate, fair value prices may be determined in good faith using methods approved by the Fund's Board of Directors.
In addition, with respect to securities that primarily are listed on foreign exchanges, when an event occurs after the close of such exchanges that is likely to have changed the value of the securities (e.g., a percentage change in value of one or more U.S. securities indices in excess of specified thresholds), such securities will be valued at their fair value, as determined under procedures established by the Fund's Board of Directors. Securities also may be fair valued in the event of a significant development affecting a country or region or an issuer-specific development which is likely to have changed the value of the security. In these cases, the Portfolio's NAV will reflect certain portfolio securities' fair value rather than their market price. To the extent the Portfolio invests in open-end management companies that are registered under the 1940 Act, the Portfolio's NAV is calculated based upon the NAV of such funds. The prospectuses for such funds explain the circumstances under which they will use fair value pricing and its effects.
Fair value pricing involves subjective judgments and it is possible that the fair value determined for a security is materially different than the value that could be realized upon the sale of that security. With respect to securities that are primarily listed on foreign exchanges, the values of the Portfolio's investment securities may change on days when you will not be able to purchase or sell your shares.
Pricing of Portfolio Shares
You may buy or sell (redeem) Class I, Class P, Class H and Class L shares of the Portfolio at the NAV next determined for the class after receipt of your order, plus any applicable sales charge. The Fund determines the NAV per share for the Portfolio as of the close of the NYSE (normally 4:00 p.m. Eastern Time) on each day that the NYSE is open for business (the "Pricing Time").
Portfolio Holdings
A description of the Fund's policies and procedures with respect to the disclosure of the Portfolio's securities is available in the Portfolios' SAI.
How To Purchase Class I, Class P and Class L Shares
You may purchase Class I, Class P and Class L shares of the Portfolio directly from the Fund, from the Distributor or through certain third parties ("Financial Intermediaries") on each day that the Portfolio is open for business.
Investors purchasing Class I, Class P and Class L shares through a Financial Intermediary may be charged a transaction-based or other fee by the Financial Intermediary for its services. If you are purchasing Class I, Class P or Class L shares through a Financial Intermediary, please consult your Financial Intermediary for purchase instructions.
13
Shareholder Information (Cont'd)
The minimum initial investment generally is $5,000,000 for Class I shares, $1,000,000 for Class P shares and $25,000 for Class L shares of the Portfolio. The minimum initial investment will be waived for certain investments, including sales through banks, broker-dealers and other financial institutions (including registered investment advisers and financial planners) purchasing shares on behalf of their clients in (i) discretionary and non-discretionary advisory programs, (ii) fund supermarkets, (iii) asset allocation programs or (iv) other programs in which the client pays an asset-based fee for advice or for executing transactions in Portfolio shares or for otherwise participating in the program. In addition, the minimum initial investment will be waived for: (i) certain retirement plans investing directly with the Fund; (ii) retirement plans investing through certain retirement plan platforms; (iii) certain endowments, foundations and other not for profit entities investing directly with the Fund; (iv) other registered investment companies advised by Morgan Stanley Investment Management or any of its affiliates; (v) Morgan Stanley Investment Management and its affiliates with respect to shares held in connection with certain retirement and deferred compensation programs established for their employees; (vi) the independent Directors of the Fund; and (vii) investments made in connection with certain reorganizations as determined by the Adviser. If the value of your account falls below the minimum initial investment amount for Class I, Class P or Class L shares as a result of share redemptions or you no longer meet one of the waiver criteria set forth above, your account may be subject to involuntary conversion or involuntary redemption. You will be notified prior to any such conversions or redemptions.
Initial Purchase by Mail
You may open an account, subject to acceptance by the Fund, by completing and signing an Account Registration Form provided by Morgan Stanley Services Company Inc. ("Morgan Stanley Services"), the Fund's transfer agent, which you can obtain by calling Morgan Stanley Services at 1-800-548-7786 and mailing it to Morgan Stanley Institutional Fund, Inc., c/o Morgan Stanley Services Company Inc., P.O. Box 219804, Kansas City, MO 64121-9804 together with a check payable to Morgan Stanley Institutional Fund, Inc.
Please note that payments to investors who redeem Class I, Class P and Class L shares purchased by check will not be made until payment of the purchase has been collected, which may take up to 15 business days after purchase. You can avoid this delay by purchasing Class I, Class P and Class L shares by wire.
Initial Purchase by Wire
You may purchase Class I, Class P and Class L shares of the Portfolio by wiring Federal Funds (monies credited by a Federal Reserve Bank) to State Street Bank and Trust Company (the "Custodian"). You should forward a completed Account Registration Form to Morgan Stanley Services in advance of the wire. See the section above entitled "Pricing of Portfolio Shares." Instruct your bank to send a Federal Funds wire in a specified amount to the Custodian using the following wire instructions:
State Street Bank and Trust Company
One Lincoln Street
Boston, MA 02111-2101
ABA #011000028
DDA #00575373
Attn: Morgan Stanley Institutional Fund, Inc.
Subscription Account
Ref: (Portfolio Name, Account Number,
Account Name)
Additional Investments
You may purchase additional Class I, Class P and Class L shares for your account at any time by purchasing shares at NAV by any of the methods described above. For additional purchases directly from the Fund, your account name, account number, the Portfolio name and the class selected must be specified in the letter to assure proper crediting to your account. In addition, you may purchase additional shares by wire by following instructions under "Initial Purchase by Wire."
How To Purchase Class H Shares
Class H shares of the Portfolio may be purchased by contacting your authorized financial representative who will assist you, step-by-step, with the procedures to invest in Class H shares.
Class H shares are available to investors with a minimum investment of $25,000. The minimum initial investment may be waived for investments made in connection with certain reorganizations as determined by the Adviser. If the value of your account falls below the minimum initial investment amount for Class H shares as a result of share redemptions, your account may be subject to involuntary redemption. You will be notified prior to any such redemptions.
Class H shares are subject to a sales charge equal to a maximum of 4.75% calculated as a percentage of the offering price on a single transaction as shown in the table below. As shown below, the sales charge is reduced for purchases of $50,000 and over.
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Morgan Stanley Institutional Fund, Inc. Prospectus
Shareholder Information
Shareholder Information (Cont'd)
Front End Sales Charge | |||||||||||
Amount of Single Transaction | Percentage of Public Offering Price | Approximate Percentage of Net Amount Invested | |||||||||
$25,000 but less than $50,000 | 4.75 | % | 4.99 | % | |||||||
$50,000 but less than $100,000 | 4.00 | % | 4.17 | % | |||||||
$100,000 but less than $250,000 | 3.00 | % | 3.09 | % | |||||||
$250,000 but less than $500,000 | 2.50 | % | 2.56 | % | |||||||
$500,000 but less than $1 million | 2.00 | % | 2.04 | % | |||||||
$1 million and over | 0.00 | % | 0.00 | % |
You may benefit from a reduced sales charge schedule (i.e., breakpoint discount) for purchases of Class H shares of the Portfolio, by combining, in a single transaction, your purchase with purchases of Class H shares of the Portfolio by the following related accounts:
• A single account (including an individual, trust or fiduciary account).
• A family member account (limited to spouse, and children under the age of 21).
• Pension, profit sharing or other employee benefit plans of companies and their affiliates.
• Employer sponsored and individual retirement accounts (including IRAs, Keogh, 401(k), 403(b), 408(k) and 457(b) Plans).
• Tax-exempt organizations.
• Groups organized for a purpose other than to buy mutual fund shares.
In addition to investments of $1 million or more, purchases of Class H shares are not subject to a front-end sales charge for accounts of employees of Morgan Stanley and its subsidiaries, such persons' family members (limited to spouse, and children under the age of 21) and trust accounts for which any such person is a beneficiary. The front-end sales charge may also be waived in connection with certain reorganizations as determined by the Adviser.
Combined Purchase Privilege
You will have the benefit of reduced sales charges by combining purchases of Class H shares of the Portfolio for any related account in a single transaction with purchases of Class H shares of another portfolio of the Fund or of a portfolio of Morgan Stanley Institutional Fund Trust for the related account or any other related account. For the purpose of this combined purchase privilege, a "related account" is:
• A single account (including an individual account, a joint account and a trust account established solely for the benefit of the individual).
• A family member account (limited to spouse, and children under the age of 21, but including trust accounts established solely for the benefit of a spouse, or children under the age of 21).
• An IRA and single participant retirement account (such as a Keogh).
• An UGMA/UTMA account.
Right of Accumulation
You may benefit from a reduced sales charge if the cumulative NAV of Class H shares of the Portfolio purchased in a single transaction, together with the NAV of all Class H shares of a portfolio of the Fund or of a portfolio of Morgan Stanley Institutional Fund Trust held in related accounts, amounts to $50,000 or more. For the purposes of the right of accumulation privilege, a related account is any one of the accounts listed under "Combined Purchase Privilege" above.
Notification
You must notify your authorized financial representative at the time a purchase order is placed, that the purchase qualifies for a reduced sales charge under any of the privileges discussed above. The reduced sales charge will not be granted if: (i) notification is not furnished at the time of the order; or (ii) a review of the records of Morgan Stanley Smith Barney LLC ("Morgan Stanley Smith Barney") or your authorized financial representative or the Fund's transfer agent, Morgan Stanley Services, does not confirm your represented holdings.
In order to obtain a reduced sales charge under any of the privileges discussed above, it may be necessary at the time of purchase for you to inform your authorized financial representative of the existence of other accounts in which there are holdings eligible to be aggregated to meet the sales load breakpoint and/or right of accumulation threshold. In order to verify your eligibility, you may be required to provide account statements and/or confirmations regarding Class H shares of a portfolio of the Fund or of a portfolio of Morgan Stanley Institutional Fund Trust held in all related accounts described above at your authorized financial representative, as well as shares held by related parties, such as members of the same family or household, in order to determine whether you have met the sales load breakpoint and/or right of accumulation threshold.
Letter of Intent
The above schedule of reduced sales charges for larger purchases also will be available to you if you enter into a written "Letter of Intent." A Letter of Intent provides for the purchase of Class H shares of a portfolio of the Fund or of a portfolio of Morgan Stanley Institutional Fund Trust within a 13-month period. The initial purchase under a Letter of Intent must be at least 5% of the stated investment goal. The Letter of Intent does not preclude the Portfolio from discontinuing sales of its
15
Shareholder Information (Cont'd)
shares. To determine the applicable sales charge reduction, you may also include (1) the cost of other Class H shares which were previously purchased at a price including a front-end sales charge during the 90-day period prior to the Distributor receiving the Letter of Intent and (2) the historical cost of Class H shares of other portfolios of the Fund or portfolios of Morgan Stanley Institutional Fund Trust you currently own acquired in exchange for shares of other portfolios of the Fund or portfolios of Morgan Stanley Institutional Fund Trust purchased during that period at a price including a front-end sales charge. You may combine purchases and exchanges by family members (limited to spouse, and children under the age of 21) during the period referenced above. You should retain any records necessary to substantiate historical costs because the Fund, Morgan Stanley Services and your authorized financial representative may not maintain this information. You can obtain a Letter of Intent by contacting your authorized financial representative. If you do not achieve the stated investment goal within the 13-month period, you are required to pay the difference between the sales charges otherwise applicable and sales charges actually paid, which may be deducted from your investment. Shares acquired through reinvestment of distributions are not aggregated to achieve the stated investment goal.
Additional Investments
You may purchase additional Class H shares for your account at any time by purchasing shares at NAV, plus any applicable sales charge.
Order Processing Fees
Your financial intermediary may charge processing or other fees in connection with the purchase or sale of Class H shares. Please consult your authorized financial representative for more information regarding any such fee.
General
Class I, Class P, Class H and Class L shares may, in the Fund's discretion, be purchased with investment securities (in lieu of or, in conjunction with, cash) acceptable to the Fund. The securities would be accepted by the Fund at their market value in return for Portfolio shares of equal value, taking into account any applicable sales charge.
To help the U.S. Government fight the funding of terrorism and money laundering activities, federal law requires all financial institutions to obtain, verify and record information that identifies each person who opens an account. What this means to you: when you open an account, we will ask your name, address, date of birth and other information that will allow us to identify you. If we are unable to verify your identity, we reserve the right to restrict additional transactions and/or liquidate your account at the next calculated NAV after your account is closed (less any applicable sales/account charges and/or tax penalties) or take any other action required by law. In accordance with federal law requirements, the Fund has implemented an anti-money laundering compliance program, which includes the designation of an anti-money laundering compliance officer.
Other Transaction Information
The Fund may suspend the offering of shares, or any class of shares, of the Portfolio or reject any purchase orders when we think it is in the best interests of the Fund.
Certain patterns of exchange and/or purchase or sale transactions involving the Portfolio may result in the Fund rejecting, limiting or prohibiting, at its sole discretion, and without prior notice, additional purchases and/or exchanges and may result in a shareholder's account being closed. Determination in this regard may be made based on the frequency or dollar amount of the previous exchange or purchase or sale transaction. See "Frequent Purchases and Redemptions of Shares."
How To Redeem Class I, Class P and Class L Shares
You may redeem Class I, Class P and Class L shares of the Portfolio by mail or, if authorized, by telephone, at no charge other than as described below. The value of shares redeemed may be more or less than the purchase price, depending on the NAV at the time of redemption. Class I, Class P and Class L shares of the Portfolio will be redeemed at the NAV next determined after we receive your redemption request in good order.
Requests should be addressed to Morgan Stanley Institutional Fund, Inc., c/o Morgan Stanley Services Company Inc., P.O. Box 219804, Kansas City, MO 64121-9804.
To be in good order, redemption requests must include the following documentation:
(a) A letter of instruction, if required, or a stock assignment specifying the number of shares or dollar amount to be redeemed, signed by all registered owners of the shares in the exact names in which the shares are registered;
(b) The share certificates, if issued;
(c) Any required signature guarantees; and
(d) Other supporting legal documents, if required, in the case of estates, trusts, guardianships, custodianship, corporations, pension and profit sharing plans and other organizations.
You automatically have telephone redemption and exchange privileges unless you indicate otherwise by checking the applicable box on the new account application form or calling Morgan Stanley Services to opt out of such privileges. You may request a redemption of Class I, Class P and Class L shares by calling the Fund at 1-800-548-7786 and requesting that the redemption proceeds be wired to you. You cannot redeem Class I, Class P and Class L shares by telephone if you hold share certificates for those shares. For your protection
16
Morgan Stanley Institutional Fund, Inc. Prospectus
Shareholder Information
Shareholder Information (Cont'd)
when calling the Fund, we will employ reasonable procedures to confirm that instructions communicated over the telephone are genuine. These procedures may include requiring various forms of personal identification such as name, mailing address, social security number or other tax identification number. Telephone instructions may also be recorded. If reasonable procedures are employed, none of Morgan Stanley, Morgan Stanley Services or the Fund will be liable for following telephone instructions which it reasonably believes to be genuine. Telephone redemptions and exchanges may not be available if you cannot reach Morgan Stanley Services by telephone, whether because all telephone lines are busy or for any other reason; in such case, a shareholder would have to use the Fund's other redemption and exchange procedures described in this Prospectus. During periods of drastic economic or market changes, it is possible that the telephone privileges may be difficult to implement, although this has not been the case with the Fund in the past. To opt out of telephone privileges, please contact Morgan Stanley Services at 1-800-548-7786.
The Fund will ordinarily distribute redemption proceeds in cash within one business day of your redemption request, but it may take up to seven days. However, if you purchased Class I, Class P and Class L shares by check, the Fund will not distribute redemption proceeds until it has collected your purchase payment, which may take up to eight days.
If we determine that it is in the best interest of the Fund or Portfolio not to pay redemption proceeds in cash, we may distribute to you securities held by the Portfolio. If requested, we will pay a portion of your redemption(s) in cash (during any 90 day period) up to the lesser of $250,000 or 1% of the net assets of the Portfolio at the beginning of such period. Such in-kind securities may be illiquid and difficult or impossible for a shareholder to sell at a time and at a price that a shareholder would like. Redemptions paid in such securities generally will give rise to income, gain or loss for income tax purposes in the same manner as redemptions paid in cash. In addition, you may incur brokerage costs and a further gain or loss for income tax purposes when you ultimately sell the securities.
Class I, Class P and Class L shares of the Portfolio redeemed within 30 days of purchase will be subject to a 2% redemption fee, payable to the Portfolio. The redemption fee is designed to protect the Portfolio and its remaining shareholders from the effects of short-term trading. The redemption fee is not imposed on redemptions made: (i) through systematic withdrawal/exchange plans, (ii) through pre-approved asset allocation programs, (iii) of shares received by reinvesting income dividends or capital gain distributions, (iv) through certain collective trust funds or other pooled vehicles, (v) on behalf of advisory accounts where client allocations are solely at the discretion of the Morgan Stanley Investment Management investment team and (vi) transactions by funds of funds advised by Morgan Stanley Investment Management. The redemption fee is based on, and deducted from, the redemption proceeds. Each time you redeem or exchange Class I, Class P and Class L shares, the shares held the longest will be redeemed or exchanged first.
The redemption fee may not be imposed on transactions that occur through certain omnibus accounts at Financial Intermediaries. Certain Financial Intermediaries may not have the ability to assess a redemption fee. Certain Financial Intermediaries may apply different methodologies than those described above in assessing redemption fees, may impose their own redemption fee that may differ from the Portfolio's redemption fee or may impose certain trading restrictions to deter market-timing and frequent trading. If you invest in the Portfolio through a Financial Intermediary, please read that Financial Intermediary's materials carefully to learn about any other restrictions or fees that may apply.
Exchange Privilege
You may exchange Class I, Class P and Class L shares for the same class of shares of other available portfolios of the Fund and available portfolios of Morgan Stanley Institutional Fund Trust. Exchanges are effected based on the respective NAVs of the applicable portfolios (subject to any applicable redemption fee). To obtain a prospectus for another portfolio, call the Fund at 1-800-548-7786 or contact your Financial Intermediary. If you purchased Portfolio shares through a Financial Intermediary, certain portfolios may be unavailable for exchange. Contact your Financial Intermediary to determine which portfolios are available for exchange.
You can process your exchange by contacting your Financial Intermediary. Otherwise, you should send exchange requests to Morgan Stanley Services by mail to Morgan Stanley Institutional Fund, Inc., c/o Morgan Stanley Services Company Inc., P.O. Box 219804, Kansas City, MO 64121-9804. Exchange requests can also be made by calling 1-800-548-7786.
When you exchange for Class I, Class P or Class L shares of another portfolio, your transaction will be treated the same as an initial purchase. You will be subject to the same minimum initial investment and account size as an initial purchase. Your exchange price will be the price calculated at the next Pricing Time after the Fund receives your exchange order. The Fund, in its sole discretion, may waive the minimum initial investment amount in certain cases. An exchange of Portfolio shares held for less than 30 days from the date of purchase will be subject to the 2% redemption fee described above. The Fund may terminate or revise the exchange privilege upon required notice or in certain cases without notice.
How To Redeem Class H Shares
You may redeem Class H shares of the Portfolio by contacting your authorized financial representative. The value of Class H shares redeemed may be more or less than the purchase price, depending on the NAV at the
17
Shareholder Information (Cont'd)
time of redemption. Class H shares of the Portfolio will be redeemed at the NAV next determined after we receive your redemption request in good order.
The Fund will ordinarily distribute redemption proceeds in cash within one business day of your redemption request, but it may take up to seven days.
If we determine that it is in the best interest of the Fund or Portfolio not to pay redemption proceeds in cash, we may distribute to you securities held by the Portfolio. If requested, we will pay a portion of your redemption(s) in cash (during any 90 day period) up to the lesser of $250,000 or 1% of the net assets of the Portfolio at the beginning of such period. Such in-kind securities may be illiquid and difficult or impossible for a shareholder to sell at a time and at a price that a shareholder would like. Redemptions paid in such securities generally will give rise to income, gain or loss for income tax purposes in the same manner as redemptions paid in cash. In addition, you may incur brokerage costs and a further gain or loss for income tax purposes when you ultimately sell the securities.
Class H shares of the Portfolio redeemed within 30 days of purchase will be subject to a 2% redemption fee, payable to the Portfolio. The redemption fee is designed to protect the Portfolio and its remaining shareholders from the effects of short-term trading. The redemption fee is not imposed on redemptions made: (i) through systematic withdrawal/exchange plans, (ii) through pre-approved asset allocation programs, (iii) of shares received by reinvesting income dividends or capital gain distributions, (iv) through certain collective trust funds or other pooled vehicles, (v) on behalf of advisory accounts where client allocations are solely at the discretion of the Morgan Stanley Investment Management investment team and (vi) transactions by funds of funds advised by Morgan Stanley Investment Management. The redemption fee is based on, and deducted from, the redemption proceeds. Each time you redeem or exchange shares, the shares held the longest will be redeemed or exchanged first.
The redemption fee may not be imposed on transactions that occur through certain omnibus accounts at Financial Intermediaries. Certain Financial Intermediaries may not have the ability to assess a redemption fee. Certain Financial Intermediaries may apply different methodologies than those described above in assessing redemption fees, may impose their own redemption fee that may differ from the Portfolio's redemption fee or may impose certain trading restrictions to deter market-timing and frequent trading. If you invest in the Portfolio through a Financial Intermediary, please read that Financial Intermediary's materials carefully to learn about any other restrictions or fees that may apply.
Exchange Privilege
You may exchange Class H shares of the Portfolio for Class H shares of other available portfolios of the Fund. In addition, you may exchange Class H shares for Class H shares of available portfolios of Morgan Stanley Institutional Fund Trust. Not all portfolios of Morgan Stanley Institutional Fund Trust offer Class H shares. Your ability to exchange Class H shares may therefore be limited. A front-end sales charge (load) is not imposed on exchanges of Class H shares. Exchanges are effected based on the respective NAVs of the applicable portfolios (subject to any applicable redemption fee). To obtain a prospectus for another portfolio, call the Fund at 1-800-548-7786 or contact your Financial Intermediary. If you purchased Portfolio shares through a Financial Intermediary, certain portfolios may be unavailable for exchange. Contact your Financial Intermediary to determine which portfolios are available for exchange.
You can process your exchange by contacting your Financial Intermediary.
When you exchange for shares of another portfolio, your transaction will be treated the same as an initial purchase. You will be subject to the same minimum initial investment and account size as an initial purchase, except that it will not be subject to a front-end sales charge. Your exchange price will be the price calculated at the next Pricing Time after the Fund receives your exchange order. The Fund, in its sole discretion, may waive the minimum initial investment amount in certain cases. An exchange of shares of the Portfolio held for less than 30 days from the date of purchase will be subject to the 2% redemption fee described above. The Fund may terminate or revise the exchange privilege upon required notice or in certain cases without notice.
Frequent Purchases and Redemptions of Shares
Frequent purchases and redemptions of shares by Portfolio shareholders are referred to as "market-timing" or "short-term trading" and may present risks for other shareholders of the Portfolio, which may include, among other things, diluting the value of the Portfolio's shares held by long-term shareholders, interfering with the efficient management of the Portfolio, increasing brokerage and administrative costs, incurring unwanted taxable gains and forcing the Portfolio to hold excess levels of cash.
In addition, the Portfolio is subject to the risk that market-timers and/or short-term traders may take advantage of time zone differences between the foreign markets on which the Portfolio's securities trade and the time the Portfolio's NAV is calculated ("time-zone arbitrage"). For example, a market-timer may purchase shares of the Portfolio based on events occurring after foreign market closing prices are established, but before the Portfolio's NAV calculation, that are likely to result in higher prices in foreign markets the following day. The market-timer would redeem the Portfolio's shares the next day when the Portfolio's share price would reflect the increased prices in foreign markets for a quick profit at the expense of long-term Portfolio shareholders.
Investments in other types of securities also may be susceptible to short-term trading strategies. These investments include securities that are, among other things, thinly traded, traded infrequently or relatively illiquid,
18
Morgan Stanley Institutional Fund, Inc. Prospectus
Shareholder Information
Shareholder Information (Cont'd)
which have the risk that the current market price for the securities may not accurately reflect current market values. A shareholder may seek to engage in short-term trading to take advantage of these pricing differences (referred to as "price arbitrage"). Investments in certain fixed income securities, such as high yield bonds, may be adversely affected by price arbitrage trading strategies.
The Fund discourages and does not accommodate frequent purchases and redemptions of Portfolio shares by Portfolio shareholders and the Fund's Board of Directors has adopted policies and procedures with respect to such frequent purchases and redemptions.
The Fund's policies with respect to purchases and redemptions of Portfolio shares are described in the "Shareholder Information—How To Purchase Class I, Class P and Class L Shares," "Shareholder Information—How To Purchase Class H Shares," "Shareholder Information—Other Transaction Information," "Shareholder Information—How To Redeem Class I, Class P and Class L Shares" and "Shareholder Information—How To Redeem Class H Shares" sections of this Prospectus. Except as described in each of these sections, and with respect to trades that occur through omnibus accounts at Financial Intermediaries, as described below, the Fund's policies regarding frequent trading of Portfolio shares are applied uniformly to all shareholders. With respect to trades that occur through omnibus accounts at Financial Intermediaries, such as investment advisers, broker-dealers, transfer agents and third party administrators, the Fund (i) requests assurance that such Financial Intermediaries currently selling Portfolio shares have in place internal policies and procedures reasonably designed to address market-timing concerns and has instructed such Financial Intermediaries to notify the Fund immediately if they are unable to comply with such policies and procedures and (ii) requires all prospective Financial Intermediaries to agree to cooperate in enforcing the Fund's policies (or, upon prior written approval only, a Financial Intermediary's own policies) with respect to frequent purchases, redemptions and exchanges of Portfolio shares.
With respect to trades that occur through omnibus accounts at Financial Intermediaries, to some extent, the Fund relies on the Financial Intermediary to monitor frequent short-term trading within the Portfolio by the Financial Intermediary's customers and to collect the Portfolio's redemption fee from its customers. However, the Fund has entered into agreements with Financial Intermediaries whereby Financial Intermediaries are required to provide certain customer identification and transaction information upon the Fund's request. The Fund may use this information to help identify and prevent market-timing activity in the Fund. There can be no assurance that the Fund will be able to identify or prevent all market-timing activities.
Dividends and Distributions
The Portfolio's policy is to distribute to shareholders substantially all of its net investment income, if any, in the form of an annual dividend and to distribute net realized capital gains, if any, at least annually.
The Fund automatically reinvests all dividends and distributions in additional shares. However, you may elect to receive distributions in cash by giving written notice to the Fund or your Financial Intermediary or by checking the appropriate box in the Distribution Option section on the Account Registration Form.
Taxes
The dividends and distributions you receive from the Portfolio may be subject to federal, state and local taxation, depending on your tax situation. The tax treatment of dividends and distributions is the same whether or not you reinvest them. For taxable years beginning before January 1, 2013, dividends paid by the Portfolio that are attributable to "qualified dividends" received by the Portfolio may be taxed at reduced rates to individual shareholders (15% at the maximum), if certain requirements are met by the Portfolio and the shareholders. "Qualified dividends" include dividends distributed by certain foreign corporations (generally, corporations incorporated in a possession of the United States, some corporations eligible for treaty benefits under a treaty with the United States, and corporations whose stock with respect to which such dividend is paid is readily tradable on an established securities market in the United States). Dividends paid by the Portfolio not attributable to "qualified dividends" received by the Portfolio, including distributions of short-term capital gains, will be taxed at normal tax rates applicable to ordinary income. Long-term capital gains distributions to individuals are taxed at a reduced rate (15% at the maximum) before January 1, 2013, regardless of how long you have held your shares. Unless further Congressional legislative action is taken, reduced rates for dividends and long-term capital gain will cease to be in effect after December 31, 2012. The Portfolio may be able to pass through to you a credit for foreign income taxes it pays. The Fund will tell you annually how to treat dividends and distributions.
If you redeem shares of the Portfolio, you may be subject to tax on any gains you earn based on your holding period for the shares and your marginal tax rate. An exchange of shares of the Portfolio for shares of another portfolio is treated for tax purposes as a sale of the original shares in the Portfolio, followed by the purchase of shares in the other portfolio. Conversions of shares between classes will not result in taxation.
19
Shareholder Information (Cont'd)
Due to recent legislation, the Portfolio (or its administrative agent) is required to report to the Internal Revenue Service and furnish to Portfolio shareholders the cost basis information for sale transactions of shares purchased on or after January 1, 2012. Shareholders may elect to have one of several cost basis methods applied to their account when calculating the cost basis of shares sold, including average cost, FIFO ("first-in, first-out") or some other specific identification method. Unless you instruct otherwise, the Portfolio will use average cost as its default cost basis method, and will treat sales as first coming from shares purchased prior to January 1, 2012. If average cost is used for the first sale of Portfolio shares covered by these new rules, the shareholder may only use an alternative cost basis method for shares purchased prospectively. Portfolio shareholders should consult with their tax advisors to determine the best cost basis method for their tax situation.
Because each investor's tax circumstances are unique and the tax laws may change, you should consult your tax advisor about your investment.
The Fund currently consists of the following portfolios:
U.S. Equity
Advantage Portfolio
Focus Growth Portfolio*
Growth Portfolio
Insight Portfolio
Opportunity Portfolio
Small Company Growth Portfolio*
U.S. Real Estate Portfolio
Global and International Equity
Active International Allocation Portfolio
Asian Equity Portfolio
Emerging Markets Portfolio
Frontier Emerging Markets Portfolio
Global Advantage Portfolio
Global Discovery Portfolio
Global Franchise Portfolio
Global Insight Portfolio
Global Opportunity Portfolio
Global Real Estate Portfolio
International Advantage Portfolio
International Equity Portfolio
International Opportunity Portfolio
International Real Estate Portfolio
International Small Cap Portfolio
Select Global Infrastructure Portfolio
Fixed Income
Emerging Markets Domestic Debt Portfolio
Emerging Markets External Debt Portfolio
Multi-Asset
Multi-Asset Portfolio
Total Emerging Markets Portfolio
* Portfolio is currently closed to new investors
20
Morgan Stanley Institutional Fund, Inc. Prospectus
Financial Highlights
Financial Highlights
No financial information is provided for the Portfolio because it had not commenced operations as of the date of this Prospectus.
21
Morgan Stanley Institutional Fund, Inc. Prospectus
Additional Information
Where to Find
Additional Information
In addition to this Prospectus, the Fund has a Statement of Additional Information, dated June 26, 2012, which contains additional, more detailed information about the Fund and the Portfolio. The Statement of Additional Information is incorporated by reference into this Prospectus and, therefore, legally forms a part of this Prospectus.
The Fund publishes Annual and Semiannual Reports to Shareholders ("Shareholder Reports") that contain additional information about the Portfolio's investments. In the Fund's Annual Report to Shareholders, when available, you will find a discussion of the market conditions and the investment strategies that significantly affected the Portfolio's performance during the last fiscal year. For additional Fund information, including information regarding the investments comprising the Portfolio, please call the toll-free number below.
You may obtain the Statement of Additional Information and Shareholder Reports without charge by contacting the Fund at the toll-free number below or on our internet site at: www.morganstanley.com/im. If you purchased shares through a Financial Intermediary, you may also obtain these documents, without charge, by contacting your Financial Intermediary.
Information about the Fund, including the Statement of Additional Information and Shareholder Reports, may be obtained from the SEC in any of the following ways: (1) in person: you may review and copy documents in the SEC's Public Reference Room in Washington D.C. (for information call 1-202-551-8090); (2) on-line: you may retrieve information from the SEC's web site at http://www.sec.gov; (3) by mail: you may request documents, upon payment of a duplicating fee, by writing to the Securities and Exchange Commission, Public Reference Section, Washington, D.C. 20549-1520 or (4) by e-mail: you may request documents, upon payment of a duplicating fee, by e-mailing the SEC at the following address: publicinfo@sec.gov.
Morgan Stanley Institutional Fund, Inc.
c/o Morgan Stanley Services Company Inc.
P.O. Box 219804
Kansas City, MO 64121-9804
For Shareholder Inquiries,
call 1-800-548-7786.
Prices and Investment Results are available at www.morganstanley.com/im.
The Fund's Investment Company Act registration number is 811-05624.
IFIFEMPRO 6/12
Morgan Stanley Frontier Emerging Markets Fund, Inc.
Directors
Michael E. Nugent
Frank L. Bowman
Michael Bozic
Kathleen A. Dennis
James F. Higgins
Dr. Manuel H. Johnson
Joseph J. Kearns
Michael F. Klein
W. Allen Reed
Fergus Reid
Stefanie V. Chang Yu
Vice President
Francis J. Smith
Treasurer and Principal Financial Officer
Mary Ann Picciotto
Chief Compliance Officer
Mary E. Mullin
Secretary
Officers
Michael E. Nugent
Chairman of the Board and Director
Arthur Lev
President and Principal Executive Officer
Investment Adviser and Administrator
Morgan Stanley Investment Management Inc.
522 Fifth Avenue
New York, New York 10036
Custodian
State Street Bank and Trust Company
One Lincoln Street
Boston, Massachusetts 02111
Stockholder Servicing Agent
Computershare Trust Company, N.A.
250 Royall Street
Canton, Massachusetts 02021
Legal Counsel
Dechert LLP
1095 Avenue of the Americas
New York, New York 10036
Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
Ernst & Young LLP
200 Clarendon Street
Boston, Massachusetts 02116
For additional Fund information, including the Fund's net asset value per share and information regarding the investments comprising the Fund's portfolio, please call toll free 1 (800) 231-2608 or visit our website at www.morganstanley.com/im. All investments involve risks, including the possible loss of principal.
© 2011 Morgan Stanley
INVESTMENT MANAGEMENT
Morgan Stanley
Frontier Emerging Markets
Fund, Inc. (FFD)
Morgan Stanley
Investment Management Inc.
Investment Adviser
Annual
Report
October 31, 2011
MSITFANN
IU11-02592P-Y10/11
Morgan Stanley Frontier Emerging Markets Fund, Inc.
Overview
Letter to Stockholders (unaudited)
Performance
For the year ended October 31, 2011, the Morgan Stanley Frontier Emerging Markets Fund, Inc. (the "Fund") had total returns of -15.35%, based on net asset value, and -17.74% based on market value per share (including reinvestment of distributions), compared to its benchmark, the Morgan Stanley Capital International (MSCI) Frontier Markets Index (the "Index"), which returned -12.09%. On October 31, 2011, the closing price of the Fund's shares on the New York Stock Exchange was $11.40, representing a 10.6% discount to the Fund's net asset value per share. Past performance is no guarantee of future results.
Factors Affecting Performance
• Performance dispersion between countries continued to be high, highlighting the importance of conducting strong macro analysis and rigorous country allocation, along with active management within the frontier universe.
• Rising inflation and growing political risk across many of the frontier markets around the world have made 2011 the most challenging year for performance since the inception of the Fund. While Argentina dealt with presidential elections and an economy in desperate need of policy change, Kenya struggled with inflation and a weak currency. The European Union debt crisis also weighed heavily on the peripheral Eastern European frontier markets. On a positive note, following the Arab Spring, many of the countries in the Middle East recovered quickly, with Qatar and Tunisia posting positive returns year-to-date.
• Country allocation contributed to performance, driven by an underweight allocation to Bangladesh. An overweight allocation to Saudi Arabia also added to returns.
• Stock selection and an overweight allocation to Kazakhstan also aided performance.
• However, stock selection detracted from returns, primarily in Argentina, Pakistan and Nigeria.
• An overweight allocation in Kenya also dampened performance.
Management Strategies
• Despite the difficulties of 2011, in our view, the long-term prospects for the asset class remain positive given the compelling economic and demographic characteristics of so many frontier markets. Sentiment toward the asset class has been relatively positive in the past year and any change in risk appetite leaves it vulnerable to near-term corrections. However, in our opinion, the strong fundamentals of many frontier markets contribute to our positive strategic outlook for many of these markets.
2
Morgan Stanley Frontier Emerging Markets Fund, Inc.
Overview
Letter to Stockholders (unaudited) (cont'd)
• In terms of portfolio positioning, we continue to focus on countries where we believe gross domestic product (GDP) growth, fiscal policy, and reform agendas remain constructive and on companies with what we consider strong earnings visibility, sensible management and solid balance sheets. We continue to search for oversold opportunities where we believe valuations are not reflecting underlying fundamentals. This core view has not changed. We remain overweight in the portfolio to such countries as Saudi Arabia, Qatar, Nigeria, and Sri Lanka, where we believe healthy reform-led growth, reasonable inflation, and increasing access to credit have set the stage for strong growth potential in currently low penetration levels in such sectors as banking and wireless. Kuwait and Bangladesh remain the portfolio's largest underweight country positions and drive the large underweight to the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region.
Sincerely,
Arthur Lev
President and Principal Executive Officer November 2011
3
Morgan Stanley Frontier Emerging Markets Fund, Inc.
October 31, 2011
Investment Advisory Agreement Approval (unaudited)
Nature, Extent and Quality of Services
The Board reviewed and considered the nature and extent of the investment advisory services provided by the Adviser (as defined herein) under the advisory agreement, including portfolio management, investment research and equity and fixed income securities trading. The Board also reviewed and considered the nature and extent of the non-advisory, administrative services provided by the Fund's Adviser under the administration agreement, including accounting, clerical, bookkeeping, compliance, business management and planning, and the provision of supplies, office space and utilities at the Adviser's expense. (The advisory and administration agreements together are referred to as the "Management Agreement.") The Board also compared the nature of the services provided by the Adviser with similar services provided by non-affiliated advisers as reported to the Board by Lipper, Inc. ("Lipper").
The Board reviewed and considered the qualifications of the portfolio managers, the senior administrative managers and other key personnel of the Adviser who provide the administrative and advisory services to the Fund. The Board determined that the Adviser's portfolio managers and key personnel are well qualified by education and/or training and experience to perform the services in an efficient and professional manner. The Board concluded that the nature and extent of the advisory and administrative services provided were necessary and appropriate for the conduct of the business and investment activities of the Fund and supported its decision to approve the Management Agreement.
Performance, Fees and Expenses of the Fund
The Board reviewed the performance, fees and expenses of the Fund compared to its peers, as determined by Lipper, and to appropriate benchmarks where applicable. The Board discussed with the Adviser the performance goals and the actual results achieved in managing the Fund. When considering a fund's performance, the Board and the Adviser place emphasis on trends and longer-term returns (focusing on one-year, three-year and five-year performance, as of December 31, 2010, or since inception, as applicable). When a fund underperforms its benchmark and/or its peer group average, the Board and the Adviser discuss the causes of such underperformance and, where necessary, they discuss specific changes to investment strategy or investment personnel. The Board noted that the Fund's performance was better than its peer group average for the one-year period but below its peer group average since the end of August 2008, the month of the Fund's inception. The Board also noted that the Fund outperformed its benchmark for the one-year and since inception periods. The Board discussed with the Adviser the level of the advisory and administration fees (together, the "management fee") for this Fund relative to comparable funds and/or other accounts advised by the Adviser and/or compared to its peers as determined by Lipper. In addition to the management fee, the Board also reviewed the Fund's total expense ratio. The Board noted that the management fee and total expense ratio were higher than its peer group average. After discussion, the Board concluded that (i) the Fund's performance was acceptable; and (ii) the Fund's management fee and total expense ratio, although higher than its peer group average, were acceptable given the quality and nature of services provided.
Economies of Scale
The Board considered the size and growth prospects of the Fund and how that relates to the Fund's total expense ratio and particularly the Fund's management fee rate, which does not include breakpoints. In conjunction with its review of the Adviser's profitability, the Board discussed with the Adviser how a change in assets can affect the efficiency or effectiveness of managing the Fund and whether the management fee level is appropriate relative to current and projected asset levels and/or whether the management fee structure reflects economies of scale as asset levels change. The Board considered that, with respect to closed-end funds, the assets are not likely
4
Morgan Stanley Frontier Emerging Markets Fund, Inc.
October 31, 2011
Investment Advisory Agreement Approval (unaudited) (cont'd)
to grow with new sales or grow significantly as a result of capital appreciation. The Board concluded that economies of scale for the Fund were not a factor that needed to be considered at the present time.
Profitability of the Adviser and Affiliates
The Board considered information concerning the costs incurred and profits realized by the Adviser and its affiliates during the last year from their relationship with the Fund and during the last two years from their relationship with the Morgan Stanley Fund Complex and reviewed with the Adviser the cost allocation methodology used to determine the profitability of the Adviser and affiliates. The Board has determined that its review of the analysis of the Adviser's expenses and profitability supports its decision to approve the Management Agreement.
Other Benefits of the Relationship
The Board considered other benefits to the Adviser and its affiliates derived from their relationship with the Fund and other funds advised by the Adviser. These benefits may include, among other things, "float" benefits derived from handling of checks for purchases and sales, research received by the Adviser generated from commission dollars spent on funds' portfolio trading and fees for distribution and/or shareholder servicing. The Board reviewed with the Adviser each of these arrangements and the reasonableness of the Adviser's costs relative to the services performed. The Board has determined that its review of the other benefits received by the Adviser or its affiliates supports its decision to approve the Management Agreement.
Resources of the Adviser and Historical Relationship Between the Fund and the Adviser
The Board considered whether the Adviser is financially sound and has the resources necessary to perform its obligations under the Management Agreement. The Board also reviewed and considered the historical relationship between the Fund and the Adviser, including the organizational structure of the Adviser, the policies and procedures formulated and adopted by the Adviser for managing the Fund's operations and the Board's confidence in the competence and integrity of the senior managers and key personnel of the Adviser. The Board concluded that the Adviser has the financial resources necessary to fulfill its obligations under the Management Agreement and that it is beneficial for the Fund to continue its relationship with the Adviser.
Other Factors and Current Trends
The Board considered the controls and procedures adopted and implemented by the Adviser and monitored by the Fund's Chief Compliance Officer and concluded that the conduct of business by the Adviser indicates a good faith effort on its part to adhere to high ethical standards in the conduct of the Fund's business.
General Conclusion
After considering and weighing all of the above factors, the Board concluded that it would be in the best interest of the Fund and its shareholders to approve renewal of the Management Agreement for another year. In reaching this conclusion the Board did not give particular weight to any single factor referenced above. The Board considered these factors over the course of numerous meetings, some of which were in executive session with only the independent Board members and their counsel present. It is possible that individual Board members may have weighed these factors differently in reaching their individual decisions to approve the Management Agreement.
5
Morgan Stanley Frontier Emerging Markets Fund, Inc.
October 31, 2011
Portfolio of Investments
Shares | Value (000) | ||||||||||
COMMON STOCKS (85.0%) | |||||||||||
Argentina (7.4%) | |||||||||||
Commercial Banks | |||||||||||
Banco Macro SA ADR | 63,000 | $ | 1,263 | ||||||||
BBVA Banco Frances SA ADR | 225,927 | 1,403 | |||||||||
2,666 | |||||||||||
Diversified Telecommunication Services | |||||||||||
Telecom Argentina SA ADR | 65,200 | 1,309 | |||||||||
Oil, Gas & Consumable Fuels | |||||||||||
YPF SA ADR | 69,100 | 2,323 | |||||||||
6,298 | |||||||||||
Bangladesh (3.3%) | |||||||||||
Pharmaceuticals | |||||||||||
Renata Ltd. | 12,462 | 2,071 | |||||||||
Textiles, Apparel & Luxury Goods | |||||||||||
Apex Adelchi Footwear Ltd. | 17,861 | 699 | |||||||||
2,770 | |||||||||||
Kazakhstan (4.4%) | |||||||||||
Metals & Mining | |||||||||||
Eurasian Natural Resources Corp. PLC | 230,575 | 2,422 | |||||||||
Kazakhmys PLC | 86,500 | 1,280 | |||||||||
3,702 | |||||||||||
Kenya (2.4%) | |||||||||||
Beverages | |||||||||||
East African Breweries Ltd. | 693,532 | 1,083 | |||||||||
Commercial Banks | |||||||||||
Equity Bank Ltd. | 5,008,400 | 995 | |||||||||
2,078 | |||||||||||
Kuwait (9.1%) | |||||||||||
Commercial Banks | |||||||||||
Burgan Bank SAK (a) | 2,021,597 | 3,518 | |||||||||
Wireless Telecommunication Services | |||||||||||
Mobile Telecommunications Co. KSC | 329,200 | 1,111 | |||||||||
National Mobile Telecommunication Co. KSC | 429,281 | 3,087 | |||||||||
4,198 | |||||||||||
7,716 |
Shares | Value (000) | ||||||||||
Lebanon (3.1%) | |||||||||||
Commercial Banks | |||||||||||
Banque Audi sal-Audi Saradar Group GDR | 153,915 | $ | 992 | ||||||||
BLOM Bank SAL GDR | 219,225 | 1,683 | |||||||||
2,675 | |||||||||||
Mongolia (1.1%) | |||||||||||
Metals & Mining | |||||||||||
Mongolian Mining Corp. (a)(b) | 1,083,900 | 942 | |||||||||
Nigeria (12.2%) | |||||||||||
Beverages | |||||||||||
Nigerian Breweries PLC | 4,100,673 | 2,356 | |||||||||
Commercial Banks | |||||||||||
First Bank of Nigeria PLC | 19,991,883 | 1,263 | |||||||||
Guaranty Trust Bank PLC | 29,060,277 | 2,664 | |||||||||
3,927 | |||||||||||
Construction Materials | |||||||||||
Dangote Cement PLC | 1,235,196 | 838 | |||||||||
Household Products | |||||||||||
PZ Cussons PLC | 166,742 | 985 | |||||||||
Oil, Gas & Consumable Fuels | |||||||||||
Oando PLC | 13,335,843 | 2,300 | |||||||||
10,406 | |||||||||||
Pakistan (1.9%) | |||||||||||
Chemicals | |||||||||||
Engro Corp. Ltd. | 1,196,093 | 1,635 | |||||||||
Qatar (15.8%) | |||||||||||
Commercial Banks | |||||||||||
Qatar National Bank SAQ | 80,770 | 3,244 | |||||||||
Diversified Telecommunication Services | |||||||||||
Qatar Telecom Q-Tel QSC | 48,480 | 1,954 | |||||||||
Energy Equipment & Services | |||||||||||
Gulf International Services OSC | 191,200 | 1,256 | |||||||||
Industrial Conglomerates | |||||||||||
Industries Qatar QSC | 84,692 | 3,066 | |||||||||
Insurance | |||||||||||
Qatar Insurance Co. | 67,711 | 1,434 | |||||||||
Multi-Utilities | |||||||||||
Qatar Electricity & Water Co. | 63,148 | 2,445 | |||||||||
13,399 |
The accompanying notes are an integral part of the financial statements.
6
Morgan Stanley Frontier Emerging Markets Fund, Inc.
October 31, 2011
Portfolio of Investments (cont'd)
Shares | Value (000) | ||||||||||
Romania (3.5%) | |||||||||||
Commercial Banks | |||||||||||
Banca Transilvania (a) | 2,859,244 | $ | 906 | ||||||||
BRD-Groupe Societe Generale | 227,660 | 805 | |||||||||
1,711 | |||||||||||
Diversified Financial Services | |||||||||||
SC Fondul Proprietatea SA | 8,980,552 | 1,282 | |||||||||
2,993 | |||||||||||
Slovenia (1.7%) | |||||||||||
Pharmaceuticals | |||||||||||
Krka dd Novo mesto | 19,100 | 1,416 | |||||||||
Sri Lanka (5.6%) | |||||||||||
Commercial Banks | |||||||||||
Commercial Bank of Ceylon PLC | 1,718,416 | 1,690 | |||||||||
Industrial Conglomerates | |||||||||||
John Keells Holdings PLC | 1,009,940 | 1,731 | |||||||||
Wireless Telecommunication Services | |||||||||||
Dialog Axiata PLC | 18,347,188 | 1,347 | |||||||||
4,768 | |||||||||||
Ukraine (3.2%) | |||||||||||
Food & Staples Retailing | |||||||||||
Milkiland N.V. (a) | 232,964 | 1,483 | |||||||||
Oil, Gas & Consumable Fuels | |||||||||||
Sadovaya Group SA (a) | 403,457 | 1,200 | |||||||||
2,683 | |||||||||||
United Arab Emirates (8.0%) | |||||||||||
Air Freight & Logistics | |||||||||||
Aramex Co. | 6,630,159 | 3,245 | |||||||||
Commercial Banks | |||||||||||
First Gulf Bank | 312,800 | 1,332 | |||||||||
Real Estate Management & Development | |||||||||||
Emaar Properties PJSC | 2,954,000 | 2,221 | |||||||||
6,798 | |||||||||||
United Kingdom (2.3%) | |||||||||||
Pharmaceuticals | |||||||||||
Hikma Pharmaceuticals PLC | 180,168 | 1,948 | |||||||||
TOTAL COMMON STOCKS (Cost $74,856) | 72,227 |
Shares | Value (000) | ||||||||||
PARTICIPATION NOTES (12.8%) | |||||||||||
Saudi Arabia (12.8%) | |||||||||||
Commercial Banks | |||||||||||
Riyadh Bank, expires 2/29/12 (a) | 308,684 | $ | 1,971 | ||||||||
Samba Financial Group, expires 12/3/12 (a) | 139,587 | 1,787 | |||||||||
3,758 | |||||||||||
Metals & Mining | |||||||||||
Saudi Arabian Mining Co., expires 6/25/12 (a) | 297,914 | 2,073 | |||||||||
Wireless Telecommunication Services | |||||||||||
Etihad Etisalat Co., expires 4/2/12 (a) | 222,963 | 3,062 | |||||||||
Etisalat, expires 4/14/14 (a) | 733,145 | 1,997 | |||||||||
5,059 | |||||||||||
TOTAL PARTICIPATION NOTES (Cost $11,183) | 10,890 | ||||||||||
SHORT-TERM INVESTMENT (1.9%) | |||||||||||
Investment Company (1.9%) | |||||||||||
Morgan Stanley Institutional Liquidity Funds — Money Market Portfolio — Institutional Class (See Note F) (Cost $1,577) | 1,577,064 | 1,577 | |||||||||
TOTAL INVESTMENTS (99.7%) (Cost $87,616) (c) | 84,694 | ||||||||||
OTHER ASSETS IN EXCESS OF LIABILITIES (0.3%) | 268 | ||||||||||
NET ASSETS (100.0%) | $ | 84,962 |
(a) Non-income producing security.
(b) Security trades on the Hong Kong exchange.
(c) The approximate market value and percentage of net assets, $53,738,000 and 63.2%, respectively, represent the securities that have been fair valued under the fair valuation policy for international investments as described in Note A-1 within the Notes to the Financial Statements.
ADR — American Depositary Receipt.
GDR — Global Depositary Receipt.
The accompanying notes are an integral part of the financial statements.
7
Morgan Stanley Frontier Emerging Markets Fund, Inc.
October 31, 2011
Portfolio of Investments (cont'd)
Fair Value Measurement Information:
The following is a summary of the inputs used to value the Fund's net assets as of October 31, 2011. (See Note A-5 to the financial statements for further information regarding fair value measurement.)
Investment Type | Level 1 Unadjusted quoted prices (000) | Level 2 Other significant observable inputs (000) | Level 3 Significant unobservable inputs (000) | Total (000) | |||||||||||||||
Assets: | |||||||||||||||||||
Common Stocks | |||||||||||||||||||
Air Freight & Logistics | $ | — | $ | 3,245 | $ | — | $ | 3,245 | |||||||||||
Beverages | 2,356 | 1,083 | — | 3,439 | |||||||||||||||
Chemicals | — | 1,635 | — | 1,635 | |||||||||||||||
Commercial Banks | 6,593 | 15,165 | — | 21,758 | |||||||||||||||
Construction Materials | 838 | — | — | 838 | |||||||||||||||
Diversified Financial Services | — | 1,282 | — | 1,282 | |||||||||||||||
Diversified Telecommunication Services | 1,309 | 1,954 | — | 3,263 | |||||||||||||||
Energy Equipment & Services | — | 1,256 | — | 1,256 | |||||||||||||||
Food & Staples Retailing | — | 1,483 | — | 1,483 | |||||||||||||||
Household Products | — | 985 | — | 985 | |||||||||||||||
Industrial Conglomerates | — | 4,797 | — | 4,797 | |||||||||||||||
Insurance | — | 1,434 | — | 1,434 | |||||||||||||||
Metals & Mining | — | 4,644 | — | 4,644 | |||||||||||||||
Multi-Utilities | — | 2,445 | — | 2,445 | |||||||||||||||
Oil, Gas & Consumable Fuels | 4,623 | 1,200 | — | 5,823 | |||||||||||||||
Pharmaceuticals | 2,071 | 3,364 | — | 5,435 | |||||||||||||||
Real Estate Management & Development | — | 2,221 | — | 2,221 | |||||||||||||||
Textiles, Apparel & Luxury Goods | 699 | — | — | 699 |
Fair Value Measurement Information: (cont'd)
Investment Type | Level 1 Unadjusted quoted prices (000) | Level 2 Other significant observable inputs (000) | Level 3 Significant unobservable inputs (000) | Total (000) | |||||||||||||||
Assets: (cont'd) | |||||||||||||||||||
Common Stocks (cont'd) | |||||||||||||||||||
Wireless Telecommunication Services | $ | — | $ | 5,545 | $ | — | $ | 5,545 | |||||||||||
Total Common Stocks | 18,489 | 53,738 | — | 72,227 | |||||||||||||||
Participation Notes | 6,846 | 4,044 | — | 10,890 | |||||||||||||||
Short-Term Investment — | |||||||||||||||||||
Investment Company | 1,577 | — | — | 1,577 | |||||||||||||||
Total Assets | $ | 26,912 | $ | 57,782 | $ | — | $ | 84,694 |
Transfers between investment levels may occur as the markets fluctuate and/or the availability of data used in an investment's valuation changes. The Fund recognizes transfers between the levels as of the end of the period. As of October 31, 2011, securities with a total value of approximately $34,527,000 transferred from Level 1 to Level 2. At October 31, 2011, the fair market value of certain securities were adjusted due to developments which occurred between the time of the close of the foreign markets on which they trade and the close of business on the NYSE which resulted in their Level 2 classification.
The accompanying notes are an integral part of the financial statements.
8
Morgan Stanley Frontier Emerging Markets Fund, Inc.
October 31, 2011
Portfolio of Investments (cont'd)
Portfolio Composition
Classification | Percentage of Total Investments | ||||||
Other* | 30.5 | % | |||||
Commercial Banks | 30.1 | ||||||
Wireless Telecommunication Services | 12.5 | ||||||
Metals & Mining | 7.9 | ||||||
Oil, Gas & Consumable Fuels | 6.9 | ||||||
Pharmaceuticals | 6.4 | ||||||
Industrial Conglomerates | 5.7 | ||||||
Total Investments | 100.0 | % |
* Industries representing less than 5% of total investments.
The accompanying notes are an integral part of the financial statements.
9
Morgan Stanley Frontier Emerging Markets Fund, Inc.
October 31, 2011
Financial Statements
Statement of Assets and Liabilities | October 31, 2011 (000) | ||||||
Assets: | |||||||
Investments in Securities of Unaffiliated Issuers, at Value (Cost $86,039) | $ | 83,117 | |||||
Investment in Security of Affiliated Issuer, at Value (Cost $1,577) | 1,577 | ||||||
Total Investments in Securities, at Value (Cost $87,616) | 84,694 | ||||||
Foreign Currency, at Value (Cost $122) | 122 | ||||||
Receivable for Investments Sold | 396 | ||||||
Dividends Receivable | 112 | ||||||
Receivable from Affiliate | — | @ | |||||
Other Assets | 2 | ||||||
Total Assets | 85,326 | ||||||
Liabilities: | |||||||
Deferred Capital Gain Country Tax | 143 | ||||||
Payable for Investment Advisory Fees | 106 | ||||||
Payable for Professional Fees | 53 | ||||||
Payable for Custodian Fees | 44 | ||||||
Payable for Administration Fees | 6 | ||||||
Payable for Stockholder Servicing Agent Fees | 1 | ||||||
Payable for Directors' Fees and Expenses | 1 | ||||||
Other Liabilities | 10 | ||||||
Total Liabilities | 364 | ||||||
Net Assets | |||||||
Applicable to 6,662,999 Issued and Outstanding $0.01 Par Value Shares (100,000,000 Shares Authorized) | $ | 84,962 | |||||
Net Asset Value Per Share | $ | 12.75 | |||||
Net Assets Consist of: | |||||||
Common Stock | $ | 67 | |||||
Paid-in-Capital | 127,807 | ||||||
Undistributed Net Investment Income | 1,443 | ||||||
Accumulated Net Realized Loss | (41,290 | ) | |||||
Unrealized Appreciation (Depreciation) on: | |||||||
Investments (Net of $143 Deferred Capital Gain Country Tax) | (3,065 | ) | |||||
Foreign Currency Translations | (— | @) | |||||
Net Assets | $ | 84,962 |
@ Amount is less than $500.
The accompanying notes are an integral part of the financial statements.
10
Morgan Stanley Frontier Emerging Markets Fund, Inc.
October 31, 2011
Financial Statements (cont'd)
Statement of Operations | October 31, 2011 (000) | ||||||
Investment Income: | |||||||
Dividends from Securities of Unaffiliated Issuers (Net of $279 of Foreign Taxes Withheld) | $ | 4,117 | |||||
Interest from Securities of Unaffiliated Issuers (Net of $@ of Foreign Taxes Withheld) | 180 | ||||||
Dividends from Security of Affiliated Issuer | 3 | ||||||
Total Investment Income | 4,300 | ||||||
Expenses: | |||||||
Investment Advisory Fees (Note B) | 1,484 | ||||||
Custodian Fees (Note D) | 238 | ||||||
Professional Fees | 131 | ||||||
Administration Fees (Note C) | 79 | ||||||
Stockholder Reporting Expenses | 22 | ||||||
Stockholder Servicing Agent Fees | 6 | ||||||
Directors' Fees and Expenses | 4 | ||||||
Other Expenses | 43 | ||||||
Total Expenses | 2,007 | ||||||
Rebate from Morgan Stanley Affiliate (Note F) | (3 | ) | |||||
Net Expenses | 2,004 | ||||||
Net Investment Income | 2,296 | ||||||
Realized Gain (Loss): | |||||||
Investments Sold (Net of Capital Gains Country Tax $317) | 3,842 | ||||||
Foreign Currency Transactions | (211 | ) | |||||
Net Realized Gain (Loss) | 3,631 | ||||||
Change in Unrealized Appreciation (Depreciation): | |||||||
Investments (Net of Increase in Deferred Capital Gain Country Tax Accruals of $143) | (21,316 | ) | |||||
Foreign Currency Translations | (1 | ) | |||||
Net Change in Unrealized Appreciation (Depreciation) | (21,317 | ) | |||||
Net Realized Gain (Loss) and Change in Unrealized Appreciation (Depreciation) | (17,686 | ) | |||||
Net Decrease in Net Assets Resulting from Operations | $ | (15,390 | ) |
@ Amount is less than $500.
The accompanying notes are an integral part of the financial statements.
11
Morgan Stanley Frontier Emerging Markets Fund, Inc.
October 31, 2011
Financial Statements (cont'd)
Statements of Changes in Net Assets | Year Ended October 31, 2011 (000) | Year Ended October 31, 2010 (000) | |||||||||
Increase (Decrease) in Net Assets: | |||||||||||
Operations: | |||||||||||
Net Investment Income | $ | 2,296 | $ | 913 | |||||||
Net Realized Gain (Loss) | 3,631 | (4,435 | ) | ||||||||
Net Change in Unrealized Appreciation (Depreciation) | (21,317 | ) | 18,155 | ||||||||
Net Increase (Decrease) in Net Assets Resulting from Operations | (15,390 | ) | 14,633 | ||||||||
Distributions from and/or in Excess of: | |||||||||||
Net Investment Income | (1,310 | ) | (1,471 | ) | |||||||
Total Distributions | (1,310 | ) | (1,471 | ) | |||||||
Capital Share Transactions: | |||||||||||
Repurchase of Shares (0 and 391,637 shares) | — | (4,538 | ) | ||||||||
Net Decrease in Net Assets Resulting from Capital Share Transactions | — | (4,538 | ) | ||||||||
Total Increase (Decrease) | (16,700 | ) | 8,624 | ||||||||
Net Assets: | |||||||||||
Beginning of Period | 101,662 | 93,038 | |||||||||
End of Period (Including Undistributed Net Investment Income of $1,443 and $668) | $ | 84,962 | $ | 101,662 |
The accompanying notes are an integral part of the financial statements.
12
Morgan Stanley Frontier Emerging Markets Fund, Inc.
October 31, 2011
Financial Highlights
Selected Per Share Data and Ratios
Year Ended October 31, | Period from August 27, 2008^ to | ||||||||||||||||||
2011 | 2010 | 2009 | October 31, 2008 | ||||||||||||||||
Net Asset Value, Beginning of Period | $ | 15.26 | $ | 13.19 | $ | 11.79 | $ | 19.10 | |||||||||||
Net Investment Income (Loss)† | 0.34 | 0.13 | 0.21 | (0.04 | ) | ||||||||||||||
Net Realized and Unrealized Gain (Loss) on Investments | (2.65 | ) | 2.06 | 1.18 | (7.23 | ) | |||||||||||||
Total from Investment Operations | (2.31 | ) | 2.19 | 1.39 | (7.27 | ) | |||||||||||||
Distributions from and/or in excess of: Net Investment Income | (0.20 | ) | (0.21 | ) | — | — | |||||||||||||
Total Distributions | (0.20 | ) | (0.21 | ) | — | — | |||||||||||||
Offering Cost Charge to Capital | — | — | — | (0.04 | ) | ||||||||||||||
Anti-Dilutive Effect of Share Repurchase Program | — | 0.09 | 0.01 | — | |||||||||||||||
Net Asset Value, End of Period | $ | 12.75 | $ | 15.26 | $ | 13.19 | $ | 11.79 | |||||||||||
Per Share Market Value, End of Period | $ | 11.40 | $ | 14.04 | $ | 11.65 | $ | 9.70 | |||||||||||
TOTAL INVESTMENT RETURN: | |||||||||||||||||||
Market Value | (17.74 | )% | 22.87 | % | 19.49 | % | (51.25 | )%# | |||||||||||
Net Asset Value(1) | (15.35 | )% | 17.95 | % | 11.87 | % | (38.27 | )%# | |||||||||||
RATIOS, SUPPLEMENTAL DATA: | |||||||||||||||||||
Net Assets, End of Period (Thousands) | $ | 84,962 | $ | 101,662 | $ | 93,038 | $ | 83,742 | |||||||||||
Ratio of Expenses to Average Net Assets | 2.03 | %+ | 2.13 | %+ | 2.05 | %+ | 2.71 | %*+ | |||||||||||
Ratio of Net Investment Income (Loss) to Average Net Assets | 2.32 | %+ | 1.00 | %+ | 1.89 | %+ | (1.38 | )%*+ | |||||||||||
Ratio of Rebate from Morgan Stanley Affiliates to Average Net Assets | 0.00 | %§ | 0.00 | %§ | 0.01 | % | 0.03 | %* | |||||||||||
Portfolio Turnover Rate | 60 | % | 42 | % | 54 | % | 31 | %# |
^ Commencement of Operations.
(1) Total investment return based on net asset value per share reflects the effects of changes in net asset value on the performance of the Fund during each period, and assumes dividends and distributions, if any, were reinvested. This percentage is not an indication of the performance of a stockholder's investment in the Fund based on market value due to differences between the market price of the stock and the net asset value per share of the Fund.
† Per share amount is based on average shares outstanding.
# Not annualized.
* Annualized.
+ The Ratios of Expenses and Net Investment Income (Loss) reflect the rebate of certain Fund expenses in connection with the investments in Morgan Stanley affiliates during the period. The effect of the rebate on the ratios is disclosed in the above table as "Ratio of Rebate from Morgan Stanley Affiliates to Average Net Assets."
§ Amount is less than 0.005%.
The accompanying notes are an integral part of the financial statements.
13
Morgan Stanley Frontier Emerging Markets Fund, Inc.
October 31, 2011
Notes to Financial Statements
The Morgan Stanley Frontier Emerging Markets Fund, Inc. (the "Fund") was incorporated on August 25, 2008 and is registered as a non-diversified, closed-end management investment company under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the "Act"). Because the Fund acted diversified for a period of more than three consecutive years, as of August 29, 2011 the Fund became defacto diversified. The Fund's investment objective is to seek long-term capital appreciation through investments primarily in equity securities of companies operating in frontier emerging market countries. To the extent that the Fund invests in derivative instruments that the Adviser believes have economic characteristics similar to such securities, such investments will be counted for purposes of the Fund's policy described in the previous sentence. To the extent the Fund makes such investments, the Fund will be subject to the risks of such derivative instruments as described herein.
A. Significant Accounting Policies: The following significant accounting policies are in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles ("GAAP"). Such policies are consistently followed by the Fund in the preparation of its financial statements. U.S. GAAP may require management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. Actual results may differ from those estimates.
1. Security Valuation: Securities listed on a foreign exchange are valued at their closing price except as noted below. Unlisted securities and listed securities not traded on the valuation date for which market quotations are readily available are valued at the mean between the current bid and ask prices. Equity securities listed on a U.S. exchange are valued at the latest quoted sales price on the valuation date. Equity securities listed or traded on NASDAQ, for which market quotations are available, are valued at the NASDAQ Official Closing Price. Short-term debt securities purchased with remaining maturities of 60 days or less are valued at amortized cost, unless the Board of Directors (the "Directors") determines such valuation does not reflect the securities' fair value, in which case these securities will be valued at their fair value as determined in good faith under procedures adopted by the Directors.
All other securities and investments for which market values are not readily available, including restricted securities, and those securities for which it is inappropriate to determine prices in accordance with the aforementioned procedures, are valued at fair value as determined in good faith under procedures adopted by the Directors, although the actual calculations may be done by others. Factors considered in making this determination may include, but are not limited to, information obtained by contacting the issuer, analysts, or the appropriate stock exchange (for exchange-traded securities), analysis of the issuer's financial statements or other available documents and, if necessary, available information concerning other securities in similar circumstances.
Most foreign markets close before the New York Stock Exchange ("NYSE"). Occasionally, developments that could affect the closing prices of securities and other assets may occur between the times at which valuations of such securities are determined (that is, close of the foreign market on which the securities trade) and the close of business on the NYSE. If these developments are expected to materially affect the value of the securities, the valuations may be adjusted to reflect the estimated fair value as of the close of the NYSE, as determined in good faith under procedures established by the Directors.
2. Foreign Currency Translation: The books and records of the Fund are maintained in U.S. dollars. Foreign currency amounts are translated into U.S. dollars at the mean of the bid and ask prices of such currencies against U.S. dollars last quoted by a major bank as follows:
—investments, other assets and liabilities at the prevailing rate of exchange on the valuation date;
14
Morgan Stanley Frontier Emerging Markets Fund, Inc.
October 31, 2011
Notes to Financial Statements (cont'd)
—investment transactions and investment income at the prevailing rates of exchange on the dates of such transactions.
Although the net assets of the Fund are presented at the foreign exchange rates and market values at the close of the period, the Fund does not isolate that portion of the results of operations arising as a result of changes in the foreign exchange rates from the fluctuations arising from changes in the market prices of securities held at period end. Similarly, the Fund does not isolate the effect of changes in foreign exchange rates from the fluctuations arising from changes in the market prices of securities sold during the period. Accordingly, realized and unrealized foreign currency gains (losses) on investments in securities are included in the reported net realized and unrealized gains (losses) on investment transactions and balances.
Net realized gains (losses) on foreign currency transactions represent net foreign exchange gains (losses) from sales and maturities of foreign currency exchange contracts, disposition of foreign currencies, currency gains (losses) realized between the trade and settlement dates on securities transactions, and the difference between the amount of investment income and foreign withholding taxes recorded on the Fund's books and the U.S. dollar equivalent amounts actually received or paid. Net unrealized currency gains (losses) from valuing foreign currency denominated assets and liabilities at period end exchange rates are reflected as a component of unrealized appreciation (depreciation) on investments and foreign currency translations in the Statement of Assets and Liabilities. The change in unrealized currency gains (losses) on foreign currency translations for the period is reflected in the Statement of Operations.
A significant portion of the Fund's net assets consist of securities of issuers located in emerging markets, which are denominated in foreign currencies. Changes in currency exchange rates will affect the value of and investment income from such securities. Emerging market securities are often subject to greater price volatility, limited capitalization and liquidity, and higher rates of inflation than U.S. securities. In addition, emerging market issuers may be subject to substantial governmental involvement in the economy and greater social, economic and political uncertainty. Such securities may be concentrated in a limited number of countries and regions and may vary throughout the year. Accordingly, the price which the Fund may realize upon sale of securities in such markets may not be equal to its value as presented in the financial statements. Governmental approval for foreign investments may be required in advance of making an investment under certain circumstances in some countries, and the extent of foreign investments in domestic companies may be subject to limitation in other countries. Foreign ownership limitations also may be imposed by the charters of individual companies to prevent, among other concerns, violations of foreign investment limitations. As a result, an additional class of shares (identified as "Foreign" in the Portfolio of Investments) may be created and offered for investment. The "local" and "foreign shares" market values may differ. In the absence of trading of the foreign shares in such markets, the Fund values the foreign shares at the closing exchange price of the local shares. Such securities, if any, are identified as fair valued in the Portfolio of Investments.
3. Foreign Real Estate Companies: The Fund may invest up to 10% of its net assets in foreign real estate companies. Foreign real estate companies pool investor funds for investments primarily in commercial real estate properties. They may also include among other businesses, real estate developers, brokers and operating companies whose products and services are significantly related to the real estate industry such as building suppliers and mortgage lenders.
15
Morgan Stanley Frontier Emerging Markets Fund, Inc.
October 31, 2011
Notes to Financial Statements (cont'd)
4. Structured Investments: The Fund invested a portion of its assets in structured investments. A structured investment is a derivative security designed to offer a return linked to a particular underlying security, currency or market. Structured investments may come in various forms including notes, warrants and options to purchase securities. The Fund will typically use structured investments to gain exposure to a permitted underlying security, currency or market when direct access to a market is limited or inefficient from a tax or cost standpoint. Investments in structured investments involve risks including counterparty risk and market risk. Holders of structured investments bear risks of the underlying investment and are subject to counterparty risk because the Fund is relying on the creditworthiness of such counterparty and has no rights with respect to the underlying investment. Certain structured investments may be thinly traded or have a limited trading market and may have the effect of increasing the Fund's illiquidity to the extent that the Fund, at a particular time, may be unable to find qualified buyers for these securities.
5. Fair Value Measurement: Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") Accounting Standards Codification ("ASC") 820, "Fair Value Measurements and Disclosure" ("ASC 820"), defines fair value as the value that the Fund would receive to sell an investment or pay to transfer a liability in a timely transaction with an independent buyer in the principal market, or in the absence of a principal market the most advantageous market for the investment or liability. ASC 820 establishes a three-tier hierarchy to distinguish between (1) inputs that reflect the assumptions market participants would use in valuing an asset or liability developed based on market data obtained from sources independent of the reporting entity (observable inputs) and (2) inputs that reflect the reporting entity's own assumptions about the assumptions market participants would use in valuing an asset or liability developed based on the best information available in the circumstances (unobservable inputs) and to establish classification of fair value measurements for disclosure purposes. Various inputs are used in determining the value of the Fund's investments. The inputs are summarized in the three broad levels listed below.
• Level 1 – unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical investments
• Level 2 – other significant observable inputs (including quoted prices for similar investments, interest rates, prepayment speeds, credit risk, etc.)
• Level 3 – significant unobservable inputs including the Fund's own assumptions in determining the fair value of investments. Factors considered in making this determination may include, but are not limited to, information obtained by contacting the issuer, analysts, or the appropriate stock exchange (for exchange-traded securities), analysis of the issuer's financial statements or other available documents and, if necessary, available information concerning other securities in similar circumstances
The inputs or methodology used for valuing securities are not necessarily an indication of the risk associated with investing in those securities and the determination of the significance of a particular input to the fair value measurement in its entirety requires judgment and considers factors specific to each security.
In May 2011, FASB issued Accounting Standards Update ("ASU") 2011-04. The amendments in this update are the results of the work of FASB and the International Accounting Standards Board to develop common requirements for measuring fair value and for disclosing information about fair value measurements, which are effective during interim and annual periods beginning after
16
Morgan Stanley Frontier Emerging Markets Fund, Inc.
October 31, 2011
Notes to Financial Statements (cont'd)
December 15, 2011. Consequently, these amendments improve the comparability of fair value measurements presented and disclosed in the financial statements prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP and International Financial Reporting Standards. At this time, the Fund's management is evaluating the implications of ASU 2011-04.
6. Indemnifications: The Fund enters into contracts that contain a variety of indemnifications. The Fund's maximum exposure under these arrangements is unknown. However, the Fund has not had prior claims or losses pursuant to these contracts and expects the risk of loss to be remote.
7 Other: Security transactions are accounted for on the date the securities are purchased or sold. Realized gains (losses) on the sale of investment securities are determined on the specific identified cost basis. Interest income is recognized on the accrual basis. Dividend income and distributions are recorded on the ex-dividend date (except certain dividends which may be recorded as soon as the Fund is informed of such dividends) net of applicable withholding taxes.
B. Investment Advisory Fees: Morgan Stanley Investment Management Inc. (the "Adviser" or "MS Investment Management") provides investment advisory services to the Fund under the terms of an Investment Advisory Agreement (the "Agreement"). Under the Agreement, the Adviser is paid a fee computed weekly and payable monthly at an annual rate of 1.50% of the Fund's average weekly net assets.
C. Administration Fees: MS Investment Management also serves as Administrator to the Fund pursuant to an Administration Agreement. Under the Administration Agreement, the administration fee is 0.08% of the Fund's average weekly net assets. Under a Sub-Administration Agreement between the Administrator and State Street Bank and Trust Company ("State Street"), State Street provides certain administrative services to the Fund. For such services, the Administrator pays State Street a portion of the fee the Administrator receives from the Fund.
D. Custodian Fees: State Street (the "Custodian") and its affiliates serve as Custodian for the Fund. The Custodian holds cash, securities, and other assets of the Fund as required by the Act. Custody fees are payable monthly based on assets held in custody, investment purchases and sales activity and account maintenance fees, plus reimbursement for certain out-of-pocket expenses.
The Fund has entered into an arrangement with its Custodian whereby credits realized on uninvested cash balances were used to offset a portion of the Fund's expenses. If applicable, these custodian credits are shown as "Expense Offset" in the Statement of Operations.
E. Federal Income Taxes: It is the Fund's intention to continue to qualify as a regulated investment company and distribute all of its taxable income. Accordingly, no provision for Federal income taxes is required in the financial statements. Dividend income and distributions to stockholders are recorded on the ex-dividend date.
The Fund may be subject to taxes imposed by countries in which it invests. Such taxes are generally based on income and/or capital gains earned or repatriated. Taxes are accrued and applied to net investment income, net realized gains and net unrealized appreciation as such income and/or gains are earned. Taxes may also be based on transactions in foreign currency and are accrued based on the value of investments denominated in such currency.
FASB ASC 740-10 "Income Taxes — Overall" sets forth a minimum threshold for financial statement recognition of the benefit of a tax position taken or expected to be taken in a tax return. Management has concluded there are no significant uncertain tax positions that would require recognition in the financial statements. If applicable, the Fund recognizes interest accrued related to unrecognized tax benefits in "Interest Expense" and penalties in ''Other Expenses" in the Statement of Operations. The Fund files tax returns with the U.S. Internal
17
Morgan Stanley Frontier Emerging Markets Fund, Inc.
October 31, 2011
Notes to Financial Statements (cont'd)
Revenue Service, New York and various states. Each of the tax years in the four-year period ended October 31, 2011, remains subject to examination by taxing authorities.
The tax character of distributions paid may differ from the character of distributions shown in the Statements of Changes in Net Assets due to short-term capital gains being treated as ordinary income for tax purposes.
The tax character of distributions paid during fiscal 2011 and 2010 was as follows:
2011 Distributions Paid From: | 2010 Distributions Paid From: | ||||||||||||||
Ordinary Income (000) | Long-Term Capital Gain (000) | Ordinary Income (000) | Long-Term Capital Gain (000) | ||||||||||||
$ | 1,310 | $ | — | $ | 1,471 | $ | — |
The amount and character of income and capital gain distributions to be paid by the Fund are determined in accordance with Federal income tax regulations, which may differ from U.S. GAAP. These book/tax differences are considered either temporary or permanent in nature.
Temporary differences are attributable to differing book and tax treatments for the timing of the recognition of gains (losses) on certain investment transactions and the timing of the deductibility of certain expenses.
Permanent differences, primarily due to differing treatments of gains (losses) related to foreign currency transactions, resulted in the following reclassifications among the components of net assets at October 31, 2011:
Undistributed (Distributions in Excess of) Net Investment Income (Loss) (000) | Accumulated Net Realized Gain (Loss) (000) | Paid-in Capital (000) | |||||||||
$ | (211 | ) | $ | 211 | $ | — |
At October 31, 2011, the components of distributable earnings for the Fund on a tax basis were as follows:
Undistributed Ordinary Income (000) | Undistributed Long-Term Capital Gain (000) | ||||||
$ | 1,445 | $ | — |
At October 31, 2011, the U.S. Federal income tax cost basis of investments was approximately $87,617,000 and, accordingly, net unrealized depreciation for U.S. Federal income tax purposes was $2,923,000 of which $8,909,000 related to appreciated securities and $11,832,000 related to depreciated securities.
At October 31, 2011, the Fund had a capital loss carryforward for U.S. Federal income tax purposes of approximately $41,290,000 to offset against future capital gains of which $10,567,000 will expire on October 31, 2016, $26,532,000 will expire on October 31, 2017 and $4,191,000 will expire on October 31, 2018. During the year ended October 31, 2011, the Fund had utilized capital loss carryforward for U.S. Federal income tax purpose of approximately $3,842,000.
F. Security Transactions and Transactions with Affiliates: During the year ended October 31, 2011, the Fund made purchases and sales totaling approximately $57,765,000 and $57,744,000, respectively, of investment securities other than long-term U.S. Government securities and short-term investments. There were no purchases and sales of long-term U.S. Government securities for the year ended October 31, 2011.
The Fund invests in the Institutional Class of the Morgan Stanley Institutional Liquidity Funds — Money Market Portfolio (the "Liquidity Funds"), an open-end management investment company managed by the Adviser. Investment Advisory fees paid by the Fund are reduced by an amount equal to its pro-rata share of advisory and administration fees paid by the Fund due to its investments in the Liquidity Funds. For the year ended October 31, 2011, advisory fees paid were reduced by
18
Morgan Stanley Frontier Emerging Markets Fund, Inc.
October 31, 2011
Notes to Financial Statements (cont'd)
approximately $3,000 relating to the Fund's investment in the Liquidity Funds.
A summary of the Fund's transactions in shares of the Liquidity Funds during the year ended October 31, 2011 is as follows:
Value October 31, 2010 (000) | Purchases at Cost (000) | Sales (000) | Dividend Income (000) | Value October 31, 2011 (000) | |||||||||||||||
$ | 1,874 | $ | 39,108 | $ | 39,405 | $ | 3 | $ | 1,577 |
During the year ended October 31, 2011, the Fund incurred approximately $1,000 in brokerage commissions with Morgan Stanley & Co., LLC, an affiliate of the Adviser and Administrator, for portfolio transactions executed on behalf of the Portfolio.
During the year ended October 31, 2011, the Fund incurred approximately $80,000 in brokerage commissions with Citigroup, Inc. and its affiliated broker/dealers, which may be deemed affiliates of the Adviser and Administrator under Section 17 of the Act.
G. Other: On November 24, 2008, the Fund commenced a share repurchase program for purposes of enhancing stockholder value and reducing the discount at which the Fund's shares trade from their net asset value. During the year ended October 31, 2011, the Fund did not repurchase any of its shares. Since the inception of the program, the Fund has repurchased 442,237 of its shares at an average discount of 12.18% from net asset value per share. The Fund expects to continue to repurchase its outstanding shares at such time and in such amounts as it believes will further the accomplishment of the foregoing objectives, subject to review by the Directors.
H. Results of Annual Meeting of Stockholders (unaudited): On June 30, 2011, an annual meeting of the Fund's stockholders was held for the purpose of voting on the following matter, the results of which were as follows:
Election of Directors by all stockholders:
Director | For | Withheld | |||||||||
Kathleen A. Dennis | 5,787,426 | 116,661 | |||||||||
Joseph J. Kearns | 5,772,362 | 131,725 | |||||||||
Michael E. Nugent | 5,768,177 | 135,910 | |||||||||
Fergus Reid | 5,760,125 | 143,962 |
Federal Income Tax Information (unaudited)
For Federal income tax purposes, the following information is furnished with respect to the Fund's earnings for its taxable year ended October 31, 2011. When distributed, certain earnings may be subject to a maximum tax rate of 15% as provided for the Jobs and Growth Tax Relief Reconciliation Act of 2003. The Fund designated up to a maximum of $1,750,028 as taxable at this lower rate.
During the taxable year ended October 31, 2011, the Fund intends to pass through foreign tax credits of $272,236 and has derived $4,397,572 of net income from sources within foreign countries.
In January, the Fund provides tax information to stockholders for the preceding calendar year.
19
Morgan Stanley Frontier Emerging Markets Fund, Inc.
October 31, 2011
Notes to Financial Statements (cont'd)
For More Information About Portfolio Holdings (unaudited)
The Fund provides a complete schedule of portfolio holdings in its semi-annual and annual reports within 60 days of the end of the Fund's second and fourth fiscal quarters. The semi-annual reports and the annual reports are filed electronically with the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) on Form N-CSRS and Form N-CSR, respectively. Morgan Stanley also delivers the semi-annual and annual reports to Fund stockholders and makes these reports available on its public website, www.morganstanley.com/im. Each Morgan Stanley fund also files a complete schedule of portfolio holdings with the SEC for the Fund's first and third fiscal quarters on Form N-Q. Morgan Stanley does not deliver the reports for the first and third fiscal quarters to stockholders, nor are the reports posted to the Morgan Stanley public website. You may, however, obtain the Form N-Q filings (as well as the Form N-CSR and N-CSRS filings) by accessing the SEC's website, www.sec.gov. You may also review and copy them at the SEC's Public Reference Room in Washington, DC. Information on the operation of the SEC's Public Reference Room may be obtained by calling the SEC toll free at 1(800) SEC-0330. You can also request copies of these materials, upon payment of a duplicating fee, by electronic request at the SEC's e-mail address (publicinfo@sec.gov) or by writing the public reference section of the SEC, Washington, DC 20549-0102.
In addition to filing a complete schedule of portfolio holdings with the SEC each fiscal quarter, the Fund makes portfolio holdings information available by periodically providing the information on its public website, www.morganstanley.com/im.
The Fund provides a complete schedule of portfolio holdings on the public website on a calendar-quarter basis approximately 31 calendar days after the close of the calendar quarter. The Fund also provides Top 10 holdings information on the public website approximately 15 business days following the end of each month. You may obtain copies of the Fund's monthly or calendar-quarter website postings, by calling toll free 1(800) 231-2608.
Proxy Voting Policy and Procedures and Proxy Voting Record (unaudited)
A copy of (1) the Fund's policies and procedures with respect to the voting of proxies relating to the Fund's portfolio securities; and (2) how the Fund voted proxies relating to portfolio securities during the most recent twelve-month period ended June 30, is available without charge, upon request, by calling toll free 1(800) 548-7786 or by visiting our website at www.morganstanley.com/im. This information is also available on the SEC's web site at www.sec.gov.
20
Morgan Stanley Frontier Emerging Markets Fund, Inc.
October 31, 2011
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
To the Stockholders and Board of Directors of
Morgan Stanley Frontier Emerging Markets Fund, Inc.
We have audited the accompanying statement of assets and liabilities of Morgan Stanley Frontier Emerging Markets Fund, Inc., (the "Fund"), including the portfolio of investments, as of October 31, 2011, and the related statement of operations for the year then ended, the statements of changes in net assets for each of the two years in the period then ended and the financial highlights for each of the periods indicated therein. These financial statements and financial highlights are the responsibility of the Fund's management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these financial statements and financial highlights based on our audits.
We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements and financial highlights are free of material misstatement. We were not engaged to perform an audit of the Fund's internal control over financial reporting. Our audits included consideration of internal control over financial reporting as a basis for designing audit procedures that are appropriate in the circumstances, but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Fund's internal control over financial reporting. Accordingly, we express no such opinion. An audit also includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements and financial highlights, assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, and evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. Our procedures included confirmation of securities owned as of October 31, 2011 by correspondence with the custodian and others, or by other appropriate auditing procedures where replies from others were not received. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.
In our opinion, the financial statements and financial highlights referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of Morgan Stanley Frontier Emerging Markets Fund, Inc. at October 31, 2011, the results of its operations for the year then ended, the changes in its net assets for each of the two years in the period then ended and the financial highlights for each of the periods indicated therein, in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles.
Boston, Massachusetts
December 22, 2011
21
Morgan Stanley Frontier Emerging Markets Fund, Inc.
October 31, 2011
Portfolio Management (unaudited)
The Fund is managed within the Emerging Markets Equity team. The team consists of portfolio managers and analysts. Timothy Drinkall,an Executive Director of the Adviser, is primarily responsible for the day-to-day management of the Fund's portfolio.
Mr. Drinkall has been associated with the Adviser in an investment management capacity since October 2007 and began managing the Fund at its inception in August 2008. Prior to October 2007, Mr. Drinkall was a fund manager at Gustavia Capital (July 2005 to October 2007) and, prior to that, an equity sales specialist at Cheuvreux North America (January 2004 to June 2005).
22
Morgan Stanley Frontier Emerging Markets Fund, Inc.
October 31, 2011
Investment Policy (unaudited)
The Fund may use derivative instruments for a variety of purposes, including hedging, risk management, portfolio management or to earn income. Derivatives are financial instruments whose value is based on the value of another underlying asset, interest rate, index or financial instrument. A derivative instrument often has risks similar to its underlying instrument and may have additional risks, including imperfect correlation between the value of the derivative and the underlying instrument, risks of default by the other party to certain transactions, magnification of losses incurred due to changes in the market value of the securities, instruments, indices or interest rates to which they relate, and risks that the transactions may not be liquid. The use of derivatives involves risks that are different from, and possibly greater than, the risks associated with other portfolio investments. Derivatives may involve the use of highly specialized instruments that require investment techniques and risk analyses different from those associated with other portfolio investments. Certain derivative transactions may give rise to a form of leverage. Leverage associated with derivative transactions may cause the Fund to liquidate portfolio positions when it may not be advantageous to do so to satisfy its obligations or to meet earmarking or segregation requirements, pursuant to applicable SEC rules and regulations, or may cause the Fund to be more volatile than if the Fund had not been leveraged. Although the Investment Adviser seeks to use derivatives to further the Fund's investment objectives, there is no assurance that the use of derivatives will achieve this result.
Following is a description of the derivative instruments and techniques that the Fund may use and their associated risks:
CFDs. A CFD is a privately negotiated contract between two parties, buyer and seller, stipulating that the seller will pay to or receive from the buyer the difference between the nominal value of the underlying instrument at the opening of the contract and that instrument's value at the end of the contract. The underlying instrument may be a single security, stock basket or index. A CFD can be set up to take either a short or long position on the underlying instrument. The buyer and seller are both required to post margin, which is adjusted daily. The buyer will also pay to the seller a financing rate on the notional amount of the capital employed by the seller less the margin deposit. In addition to the general risks of derivatives, CFDs may be subject to liquidity risk and counterparty risk.
Foreign Currency Forward Contracts. In connection with its investments in foreign securities, the Fund also may enter into contracts with banks, brokers or dealers to purchase or sell securities or foreign currencies at a future date ("forward contracts"). A foreign currency forward contract is a negotiated agreement between the contracting parties to exchange a specified amount of currency at a specified future time at a specified rate. The rate can be higher or lower than the spot rate between the currencies that are the subject of the contract. Forward foreign currency contracts may be used to protect against uncertainty in the level of future foreign currency exchange rates or to gain or modify exposure to a particular currency. In addition, the Fund may use cross currency hedging or proxy hedging with respect to currencies in which the Fund has or expects to have portfolio or currency exposure. Cross currency hedges involve the sale of one currency against the positive exposure to a different currency and may be used for hedging purposes or to establish an active exposure to the exchange rate between any two currencies. A currency exchange contract is marked-to-market daily and the change in market value is recorded by the Fund as unrealized gain or loss. The Fund records realized gains (losses) when the contract is closed equal to the difference between the value of the contract at the time it was opened and the value at the time it was closed. Hedging the Fund's currency risks involves the risk of mismatching the Fund's objectives under a currency exchange or futures contract with the value of securities denominated in a particular currency. Furthermore, such transactions reduce or preclude the
23
Morgan Stanley Frontier Emerging Markets Fund, Inc.
October 31, 2011
Investment Policy (unaudited) (cont'd)
opportunity for gain if the value of the currency should move in the direction opposite to the position taken. There is an additional risk to the effect that currency contracts create exposure to currencies in which the Fund's securities are not denominated. Unanticipated changes in currency prices may result in poorer overall performance for the Fund than if it had not entered into such contracts.
Futures. A futures contract is a standardized agreement between two parties to buy or sell a specific quantity of an underlying instrument at a specific price at a specific future time. The value of a futures contract tends to increase and decrease in tandem with the value of the underlying instrument. Futures contracts are bilateral agreements, with both the purchaser and the seller equally obligated to complete the transaction. Depending on the terms of the particular contract, futures contracts are settled through either physical delivery of the underlying instrument on the settlement date or by payment of a cash settlement amount on the settlement date. A decision as to whether, when and how to use futures involves the exercise of skill and judgment and even a well conceived futures transaction may be unsuccessful because of market behavior or unexpected events. In addition to the derivatives risks discussed above, the prices of futures can be highly volatile, using futures can lower total return, and the potential loss from futures can exceed the Fund's initial investment in such contracts.
Structured Investments. The Fund also may invest a portion of its assets in structured investments. A structured investment is a derivative security designed to offer a return linked to a particular underlying security, currency or market. Structured investments may come in various forms including notes, warrants and options to purchase securities. The Fund will typically use structured investments to gain exposure to a permitted underlying security, currency or market when direct access to a market is limited or inefficient from a tax or cost standpoint. Investments in structured investments involve risks including counterparty risk and market risk. Holders of structured investments bear risks of the underlying investment and are subject to counterparty risk because the Fund is relying on the creditworthiness of such counterparty and has no rights with respect to the underlying investment. Certain structured investments may be thinly traded or have a limited trading market and may have the effect of increasing the Fund's illiquidity to the extent that the Fund, at a particular point in time, may be unable to find qualified buyers for these securities.
Swaps. A swap contract is an agreement between two parties pursuant to which the parties exchange payments at specified dates on the basis of a specified notional amount, with the payments calculated by reference to specified securities, indexes, reference rates, currencies or other instruments. Most swap agreements provide that when the period payment dates for both parties are the same, the payments are made on a net basis (i.e., the two payment streams are netted out, with only the net amount paid by one party to the other). The Fund's obligations or rights under a swap contract entered into on a net basis will generally be equal only to the net amount to be paid or received under the agreement, based on the relative values of the positions held by each counterparty. Swap agreements are not entered into or traded on exchanges and there is no central clearing or guaranty function for swaps. Therefore, swaps are subject to credit risk or the risk of default or non-performance by the counterparty. Swaps could result in losses if interest rate or foreign currency exchange rates or credit quality changes are not correctly anticipated by the Fund or if the reference index, security or investments do not perform as expected.
24
Morgan Stanley Frontier Emerging Markets Fund, Inc.
October 31, 2011
Dividend Reinvestment Plan (unaudited)
Pursuant to the Dividend Reinvestment Plan (the Plan), each stockholder will be deemed to have elected, unless Computershare Trust Company, N.A. (the Plan Agent) is otherwise instructed by the stockholder in writing, to have all distributions automatically reinvested in Fund shares.
Dividend and capital gain distributions (Distribution) will be reinvested on the reinvestment date in full and fractional shares. If the market price per share equals or exceeds net asset value per share on the reinvestment date, the Fund will issue shares to participants at net asset value or, if net asset value is less than 95% of the market price on the reinvestment date, shares will be issued at 95% of the market price. If net asset value exceeds the market price on the reinvestment date, participants will receive shares valued at market price. The Fund may purchase shares of its Common Stock in the open market in connection with dividend reinvestment requirements at the discretion of the Board of Directors. Should the Fund declare a Distribution payable only in cash, the Plan Agent will purchase Fund shares for participants in the open market as agent for the participants.
The Plan Agent's fees for the reinvestment of a Distribution will be paid by the Fund. However, each participant's account will be charged a pro rata share of brokerage commissions incurred on any open market purchases effected on such participant's behalf. Although stockholders in the Plan may receive no cash distributions, participation in the Plan will not relieve participants of any income tax which may be payable on such dividends or distributions.
In the case of stockholders, such as banks, brokers or nominees, that hold shares for others who are the beneficial owners, the Plan Agent will administer the Plan on the basis of the number of shares certified from time to time by the stockholder as representing the total amount registered in the stockholder's name and held for the account of beneficial owners who are participating in the Plan.
Stockholders who do not wish to have Distributions automatically reinvested should notify the Plan Agent in writing. There is no penalty for non-participation or withdrawal from the Plan, and stockholders who have previously withdrawn from the Plan may rejoin at any time. Requests for additional information or any correspondence concerning the Plan should be directed to the Plan Agent at:
Morgan Stanley Frontier Emerging Markets Fund, Inc.
Computershare Trust Company, N.A.
P.O. Box 43078
Providence, Rhode Island 02940-3078
1 (800) 231-2608
25
Morgan Stanley Frontier Emerging Markets Fund, Inc.
October 31, 2011
U.S. Privacy Policy (unaudited)
An Important Notice Concerning Our U.S. Privacy Policy
We are required by federal law to provide you with a copy of our privacy policy ("Policy") annually.
This Policy applies to current and former individual clients of certain Morgan Stanley closed-end funds and related companies.
This Policy is not applicable to partnerships, corporations, trusts or other non-individual clients or account holders, nor is this Policy applicable to individuals who are either beneficiaries of a trust for which we serve as trustee or participants in an employee benefit plan administered or advised by us. This Policy is, however, applicable to individuals who select us to be a custodian of securities or assets in individual retirement accounts, 401(k) accounts, 529 Educational Savings Accounts, accounts subject to the Uniform Gifts to Minors Act, or similar accounts. We may amend this Policy at any time, and will inform you of any changes to this Policy as required by law.
We Respect Your Privacy
We appreciate that you have provided us with your personal financial information and understand your concerns about safeguarding such information. We strive to maintain the privacy of such information while we help you achieve your financial objectives. This Policy describes what nonpublic personal information we collect about you, how we collect it, when we may share it with others, and how others may use it. It discusses the steps you may take to limit our sharing of information about you with affiliated Morgan Stanley companies ("affiliated companies"). It also discloses how you may limit our affiliates' use of shared information for marketing purposes. Throughout this Policy, we refer to the nonpublic information that personally identifies you or your accounts as "personal information."
1. What Personal Information Do We Collect About You?
To better serve you and manage our business, it is important that we collect and maintain accurate information about you. We obtain this information from applications and other forms you submit to us, from your dealings with us, from consumer reporting agencies, from our websites and from third parties and other sources.
For example:
• We collect information such as your name, address, e-mail address, telephone/fax numbers, assets, income and investment objectives through application forms you submit to us.
• We may obtain information about account balances, your use of account(s) and the types of products and services you prefer to receive from us through your dealings and transactions with us and other sources.
• We may obtain information about your creditworthiness and credit history from consumer reporting agencies.
• We may collect background information from and through third-party vendors to verify representations you have made and to comply with various regulatory requirements.
26
Morgan Stanley Frontier Emerging Markets Fund, Inc.
October 31, 2011
U.S. Privacy Policy (unaudited) (cont'd)
• If you interact with us through our public and private Web sites, we may collect information that you provide directly through online communications (such as an e-mail address). We may also collect information about your Internet service provider, your domain name, your computer's operating system and Web browser, your use of our Web sites and your product and service preferences, through the use of "cookies." "Cookies" recognize your computer each time you return to one of our sites, and help to improve our sites' content and personalize your experience on our sites by, for example, suggesting offerings that may interest you. Please consult the Terms of Use of these sites for more details on our use of cookies.
2. When Do We Disclose Personal Information We Collect About You?
To provide you with the products and services you request, to better serve you, to manage our business and as otherwise required or permitted by law, we may disclose personal information we collect about you to other affiliated companies and to nonaffiliated third parties.
A. Information We Disclose to Our Affiliated Companies. In order to manage your account(s) effectively, including servicing and processing your transactions, to let you know about products and services offered by us and affiliated companies, to manage our business, and as otherwise required or permitted by law, we may disclose personal information about you to other affiliated companies. Offers for products and services from affiliated companies are developed under conditions designed to safeguard your personal information.
B. Information We Disclose to Third Parties. We do not disclose personal information that we collect about you to nonaffiliated third parties except to enable them to provide marketing services on our behalf, to perform joint marketing agreements with other financial institutions, and as otherwise required or permitted by law. For example, some instances where we may disclose information about you to third parties include: for servicing and processing transactions, to offer our own products and services, to protect against fraud, for institutional risk control, to respond to judicial process or to perform services on our behalf. When we share personal information with a nonaffiliated third party, they are required to limit their use of personal information about you to the particular purpose for which it was shared and they are not allowed to share personal information about you with others except to fulfill that limited purpose or as may be required by law.
3. How Do We Protect the Security and Confidentiality of Personal Information We Collect About You?
We maintain physical, electronic and procedural security measures to help safeguard the personal information we collect about you. We have internal policies governing the proper handling of client information. Third parties that provide support or marketing services on our behalf may also receive personal information about you, and we require them to adhere to confidentiality standards with respect to such information.
27
Morgan Stanley Frontier Emerging Markets Fund, Inc.
October 31, 2011
U.S. Privacy Policy (unaudited) (cont'd)
4. How Can You Limit Our Sharing of Certain Personal Information About You With Our Affiliated Companies for Eligibility Determination?
We respect your privacy and offer you choices as to whether we share with our affiliated companies personal information that was collected to determine your eligibility for products and services such as credit reports and other information that you have provided to us or that we may obtain from third parties ("eligibility information"). Please note that, even if you direct us not to share certain eligibility information with our affiliated companies, we may still share your personal information, including eligibility information, with those companies under circumstances that are permitted under applicable law, such as to process transactions or to service your account. We may also share certain other types of personal information with affiliated companies — such as your name, address, telephone number, e-mail address and account number(s), and information about your transactions and experiences with us.
5. How Can You Limit the Use of Certain Personal Information About You by Our Affiliated Companies for Marketing?
You may limit our affiliated companies from using certain personal information about you that we may share with them for marketing their products or services to you. This information includes our transactions and other experiences with you such as your assets and account history. Please note that, even if you choose to limit our affiliated companies from using certain personal information about you that we may share with them for marketing their products and services to you, we may still share such personal information about you with them, including our transactions and experiences with you, for other purposes as permitted under applicable law.
6. How Can You Send Us an Opt-Out Instruction?
If you wish to limit our sharing of certain personal information about you with our affiliated companies for "eligibility purposes" and for our affiliated companies' use in marketing products and services to you as described in this notice, you may do so by:
• Calling us at (800) 231-2608
Monday–Friday between 9a.m. and 6p.m. (EST)
• Writing to us at the following address:
Morgan Stanley Closed-End Privacy Department
Harborside Financial Center
201 Plaza Two, 3rd Floor
Jersey City, NJ 07311
If you choose to write to us, your written request should include: your name, address, telephone number and account number(s) to which the opt-out applies and should not be sent with any other correspondence. In order to process your request, we require that the request be provided by you directly and not through a third party. Once you have informed us about your privacy preferences, your opt-out preference will remain in effect with respect to this Policy (as it may be amended) until you notify us otherwise. If you are a joint account owner, we will accept instructions from any one of you and apply those instructions to the entire account. Please allow approximately 30 days from our receipt of your opt-out for your instructions to become effective.
28
Morgan Stanley Frontier Emerging Markets Fund, Inc.
October 31, 2011
U.S. Privacy Policy (unaudited) (cont'd)
Please understand that if you opt-out, you and any joint account holders may not receive certain Morgan Stanley or our affiliated companies' products and services that could help you manage your financial resources and achieve your investment objectives.
If you have more than one account with us or our affiliates, you may receive multiple privacy policies from us, and would need to follow the directions stated in each particular policy for each account you have with us.
7. What if an affiliated company becomes a nonaffiliated third party?
If, at any time in the future, an affiliated company becomes a nonaffiliated third party, further disclosures of personal information made to the former affiliated company will be limited to those described in Section 2(b) above relating to nonaffiliated third parties. If you elected under Section 6 to limit disclosures we make to affiliated companies, or use of personal information by affiliated companies, your election will not apply to use by any former affiliated company of your personal information in their possession once it becomes a nonaffiliated third party.
SPECIAL NOTICE TO RESIDENTS OF VERMONT
This section supplements our Policy with respect to our individual clients who have a Vermont address and supersedes anything to the contrary in the above Policy with respect to those clients only.
The State of Vermont requires financial institutions to obtain your consent prior to sharing personal information that they collect about you with affiliated companies and nonaffiliated third parties other than in certain limited circumstances. Except as permitted by law, we will not share personal information we collect about you with nonaffiliated third parties or other affiliated companies unless you provide us with your written consent to share such information ("opt-in").
If you wish to receive offers for investment products and services offered by or through other affiliated companies, please notify us in writing at the following address:
Morgan Stanley Closed-End Privacy Department
Harborside Financial Center
201 Plaza Two, 3rd Floor
Jersey City, NJ 07311
Your authorization should include: your name, address, telephone number and account number(s) to which the opt-in applies and should not be sent with any other correspondence. In order to process your authorization, we require that the authorization be provided by you directly and not through a third-party.
29
Morgan Stanley Frontier Emerging Markets Fund, Inc.
October 31, 2011
U.S. Privacy Policy (unaudited) (cont'd)
SPECIAL NOTICE TO RESIDENTS OF CALIFORNIA
The following section supplements our Policy with respect to our individual clients who have a California address and supersedes anything to the contrary in the above Policy with respect to those clients only.
In response to a California law, if your account has a California home address, your personal information will not be disclosed to nonaffiliated third parties except as permitted by applicable California law, and we will limit sharing such personal information with our affiliates to comply with California privacy laws that apply to us.
30
2011 Annual Report
October 31, 2011
Director and Officer Information (unaudited)
Independent Directors:
Name, Age and Address of Independent Director | Position(s) Held with Registrant | Length of Time Served* | Principal Occupation(s) During Past 5 Years | Number of Portfolios in Fund Complex Overseen by Independent Director** | Other Directorships Held by Independent Director*** | ||||||||||||||||||
Frank L. Bowman (67) c/o Kramer Levin Naftalis & Frankel LLP Counsel to the Independent Directors 1177 Avenue of the Americas New York, NY 10036 | Director | Since August 2006 | President, Strategic Decisions, LLC (consulting) (since February 2009); Director or Trustee of various Morgan Stanley Funds (since August 2006); Chairperson of the Insurance Sub-Committee of the Compliance and Insurance Committee (since February 2007); served as President and Chief Executive Officer of the Nuclear Energy Institute (policy organization) (February 2005 through November 2008); retired as Admiral, U.S. Navy after serving over 38 years on active duty including 8 years as Director of the Naval Nuclear Propulsion Program in the Department of the Navy and the U.S. Department of Energy (1996-2004); served as Chief of Naval Personnel (July 1994-September 1996) and on the joint staff as Director of Political - Military Affairs (June 1992 to July 1994); Knighted as Honorary Knight Commander of the Most Excellent Order of the British Empire; Awarded the Officer de l'Orde National du Mérite by the French Government; elected to the National Academy of Engineering (2009). | 102 | Director of BP p.l.c.; Director of Naval and Nuclear Technologies LLP; Director of the Armed Services YMCA of the USA and the Naval Submarine League; Director of the American Shipbuilding Suppliers Association; Member of the National Security Advisory Council of the Center for U.S. Global Engagement and a member of the CNA military Advisory Board. | ||||||||||||||||||
Michael Bozic (70) c/o Kramer Levin Naftalis & Frankel LLP Counsel to the Independent Directors 1177 Avenue of the Americas New York, NY 10036 | Director | Since April 1994 | Private investor; Chairperson of the Compliance and Insurance Committee (since October 2006); Director or Trustee of various Morgan Stanley Funds (since April 1994); formerly, Chairperson of the Insurance Committee (July 2006-September 2006); Vice Chairman of Kmart Corporation (December 1998-October 2000), Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of Levitz Furniture Corporation (November 1995-November 1998) and President and Chief Executive Officer of Hills Department Stores (May 1991-July 1995); variously Chairman, Chief Executive Officer, President and Chief Operating Officer (1987-1991) of the Sears Merchandise Group of Sears, Roebuck & Co. | 104 | Director of various business organizations. | ||||||||||||||||||
31
2011 Annual Report
October 31, 2011
Director and Officer Information (unaudited) (cont'd)
Independent Directors: (cont'd)
Name, Age and Address of Independent Director | Position(s) Held with Registrant | Length of Time Served* | Principal Occupation(s) During Past 5 Years | Number of Portfolios in Fund Complex Overseen by Independent Director** | Other Directorships Held by Independent Director*** | ||||||||||||||||||
Kathleen A. Dennis (58) c/o Kramer Levin Naftalis & Frankel LLP Counsel to the Independent Directors 1177 Avenue of the Americas New York, NY 10036 | Director | Since August 2006 | President, Cedarwood Associates (mutual fund and investment management consulting) (since July 2006); Chairperson of the Money Market and Alternatives Sub-Committee of the Investment Committee (since October 2006) and Director or Trustee of various Morgan Stanley Funds (since August 2006); formerly, Senior Managing Director of Victory Capital Management (1993-2006). | 102 | Director of various non-profit organizations. | ||||||||||||||||||
Dr. Manuel H. Johnson (62) c/o Johnson Smick Group, Inc. 888 16th Street, N.W. Suite 740 Washington, D.C. 20006 | Director | Since July 1991 | Senior Partner, Johnson Smick International, Inc. (consulting firm); Chairperson of the Investment Committee (since October 2006) and Director or Trustee of various Morgan Stanley Funds (since July 1991); Co-Chairman and a founder of the Group of Seven Council (G7C) (international economic commission); formerly, Chairperson of the Audit Committee (July 1991-September 2006), Vice Chairman of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System and Assistant Secretary of the U.S. Treasury. | 104 | Director of NVR, Inc. (home construction); Director of Evergreen Energy; Director of Greenwich Capital Holdings. | ||||||||||||||||||
Joseph J. Kearns (69) c/o Kearns & Associates LLC PMB754 22631 Pacific Coast Highway Malibu, CA 90265 | Director | Since August 1994 | President, Kearns & Associates LLC (investment consulting); Chairperson of the Audit Committee (since October 2006) and Director or Trustee of various Morgan Stanley Funds (since August 1994); formerly, Deputy Chairperson of the Audit Committee (July 2003-September 2006) and Chairperson of the Audit Committee of various Morgan Stanley Funds (since August 1994); CFO of the J. Paul Getty Trust. | 105 | Director of Electro Rent Corporation (equipment leasing) and The Ford Family Foundation. | ||||||||||||||||||
32
2011 Annual Report
October 31, 2011
Director and Officer Information (unaudited) (cont'd)
Independent Directors: (cont'd)
Name, Age and Address of Independent Director | Position(s) Held with Registrant | Length of Time Served* | Principal Occupation(s) During Past 5 Years | Number of Portfolios in Fund Complex Overseen by Independent Director** | Other Directorships Held by Independent Director*** | ||||||||||||||||||
Michael F. Klein (53) c/o Kramer Levin Naftalis & Frankel LLP Counsel to the Independent Directors 1177 Avenue of the Americas New York, NY 10036 | Director | Since August 2006 | Managing Director, Aetos Capital, LLC (since March 2000) and Co-President, Aetos Alternatives Management, LLC (since January 2004); Chairperson of the Fixed Income Sub-Committee of the Investment Committee (since October 2006) and Director or Trustee of various Morgan Stanley Funds (since August 2006); formerly, Managing Director, Morgan Stanley & Co. Inc. and Morgan Stanley Dean Witter Investment Management, President, Morgan Stanley Funds (June 1998-March 2000) and Principal, Morgan Stanley & Co. Inc. and Morgan Stanley Dean Witter Investment Management (August 1997-December 1999). | 102 | Director of certain investment funds managed or sponsored by Aetos Capital, LLC. Director of Sanitized AG and Sanitized Marketing AG (specialty chemicals). | ||||||||||||||||||
Michael E. Nugent (75) c/o Triumph Capital, L.P. 445 Park Avenue New York, NY 10022 | Chairperson of the Board and Director | Chairperson of the Boards since July 2006 and Director since July 1991 | General Partner, Triumph Capital, L.P. (private investment partnership); Chairperson of various Morgan Stanley Funds (since July 2006); Director or Trustee of the Funds (since July 1991); formerly, Chairperson of the Insurance Committee (until July 2006). | 104 | None. | ||||||||||||||||||
W. Allen Reed (64) c/o Kramer Levin Naftalis & Frankel LLP Counsel to the Independent Directors 1177 Avenue of the Americas New York, NY 10036 | Director | Since August 2006 | Chairperson of the Equity Sub-Committee of the Investment Committee (since October 2006) and Director or Trustee of various Morgan Stanley Funds (since August 2006); formerly, President and CEO of General Motors Asset Management; Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of the GM Trust Bank and Corporate Vice President of General Motors Corporation (August 1994-December 2005). | 102 | Director of Temple-Inland Industries (packaging and forest products); Director of Legg Mason, Inc. and Director of the Auburn University Foundation; formerly, Director of iShares, Inc. (2001-2006). | ||||||||||||||||||
Fergus Reid (79) c/o Joe Pietryka, Inc. 85 Charles Colman Blvd. Pawling, NY 12564 | Director | Since June 1992 | Chairman, Joe Pietryka, Inc.; Chairperson of the Governance Committee and Director or Trustee of various Morgan Stanley Funds (since June 1992). | 105 | Trustee and Director of certain investment companies in the JPMorgan Funds complex managed by JP Morgan Investment Management Inc. | ||||||||||||||||||
33
2011 Annual Report
October 31, 2011
Director and Officer Information (unaudited) (cont'd)
Interested Director:
Name, Age and Address of Independent Director | Position(s) Held with Registrant | Length of Time Served* | Principal Occupation(s) During Past 5 Years | Number of Portfolios in Fund Complex Overseen by Independent Director** | Other Directorships Held by Independent Director*** | ||||||||||||||||||
James F. Higgins (63) c/o Morgan Stanley Services Company Inc. Harborside Financial Center 201 Plaza Two Jersey City, NJ 07311 | Director | Since June 2000 | Director or Trustee of various Morgan Stanley Funds (since June 2000); Senior Advisor of Morgan Stanley (since August 2000). | 103 | Director of AXA Financial, Inc. and The Equitable Life Assurance Society of the United States (financial services). | ||||||||||||||||||
* Each Director serves an indefinite term, until his or her successor is elected.
** The Fund Complex includes all open-end and closed-end funds (including all of their portfolios) advised by Morgan Stanley Investment Management Inc. (the "Adviser") (as of December 31, 2010) and any funds that have an adviser that is an affiliated person of the Adviser (including, but not limited to, Morgan Stanley AIP GP LP).
*** This includes any directorships at public companies and registered investment companies held by the Director at any time during the past five years.
34
2011 Annual Report
October 31, 2011
Director and Officer Information (unaudited) (cont'd)
Executive Officers:
Name, Age and Address of Executive Officer | Position(s) Held with Registrant | Length of Time Served* | Principal Occupation(s) During Past 5 Years | ||||||||||||
Arthur Lev (50) 522 Fifth Avenue New York, NY 10036 | President and Principal Executive Officer – Equity and Fixed Income Funds | Since June 2011 | President and Principal Executive Officer (since June 2011) of the Equity and Fixed Income Funds in the Fund Complex; Head of the Long Only Business of Morgan Stanley Investment Management (since February 2011); Managing Director of the Adviser and various entities affiliated with the Adviser (since December 2006). Formerly, Chief Strategy Officer of Morgan Stanley Investment Management's Traditional Asset Management business (November 2010-February 2011); General Counsel of Morgan Stanley Investment Management (December 2006-October 2010); Partner and General Counsel of FrontPoint Partners LLC (July 2002 to December 2006); Managing Director and General Counsel of Morgan Stanley Investment Management (May 2000 to June 2002). | ||||||||||||
Mary Ann Picciotto (38) c/o Morgan Stanley Services Company Inc. Harborside Financial Center 201 Plaza Two Jersey City, NJ 07311 | Chief Compliance Officer | Since May 2010 | Executive Director of the Adviser and various entities affiliated with the Adviser; Chief Compliance Officer of various Morgan Stanley Funds (since May 2010); Chief Compliance Officer of the Adviser (since April 2007). | ||||||||||||
Stefanie V. Chang Yu (45) 522 Fifth Avenue New York, NY 10036 | Vice President | Since December 1997 | Managing Director of the Adviser and various entities affiliated with the Adviser; Vice President of various Morgan Stanley Funds (since December 1997), Formerly, Secretary of the Adviser and various entities affiliated with the Adviser. | ||||||||||||
Francis J. Smith (46) c/o Morgan Stanley Services Company Inc. Harborside Financial Center 201 Plaza Two Jersey City, NJ 07311 | Treasurer and Principal Financial Officer | Treasurer since July 2003 and Principal Financial Officer since September 2002 | Executive Director of the Adviser and various entities affiliated with the Adviser; Treasurer and Principal Financial Officer of various Morgan Stanley Funds (since July 2003). | ||||||||||||
Mary E. Mullin (44) 522 Fifth Avenue New York, NY 10036 | Secretary | Since June 1999 | Executive Director of the Adviser and various entities affiliated with the Adviser; Secretary of various Morgan Stanley Funds (since June 1999). | ||||||||||||
* Each Officer serves an indefinite term, until his or her successor is elected.
35
Morgan Stanley Frontier Emerging Markets Fund, Inc.
Directors
Michael E. Nugent
Frank L. Bowman
Michael Bozic
Kathleen A. Dennis
James F. Higgins
Dr. Manuel H. Johnson
Joseph J. Kearns
Michael F. Klein
W. Allen Reed
Fergus Reid
Stefanie V. Chang Yu
Vice President
Francis J. Smith
Treasurer and Principal Financial Officer
Mary Ann Picciotto
Chief Compliance Officer
Mary E. Mullin
Secretary
Officers
Michael E. Nugent
Chairman of the Board and Director
Arthur Lev
President and Principal Executive Officer
Adviser and Administrator
Morgan Stanley Investment Management Inc.
522 Fifth Avenue
New York, New York 10036
Custodian
State Street Bank and Trust Company
One Lincoln Street
Boston, Massachusetts 02111
Stockholder Servicing Agent
Computershare Trust Company, N.A.
250 Royall Street
Canton, Massachusetts 02021
Legal Counsel
Dechert LLP
1095 Avenue of the Americas
New York, New York 10036
Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
Ernst & Young LLP
200 Clarendon Street
Boston, Massachusetts 02116
For additional Fund information, including the Fund's net asset value per share and information regarding the investments comprising the Fund's portfolio, please call toll free 1 (800) 231-2608 or visit our website at www.morganstanley.com/im. All investments involve risks, including the possible loss of principal.
© 2012 Morgan Stanley
INVESTMENT MANAGEMENT
Morgan Stanley
Frontier Emerging Markets
Fund, Inc. (FFD)
Morgan Stanley
Investment Management Inc.
Investment Adviser
Semi-Annual
Report
April 30, 2012
CEFFDSAN
IU12-01224P-Y04/12
Morgan Stanley Frontier Emerging Markets Fund, Inc.
April 30, 2012
Table of Contents
Letter to Stockholders | 3 | ||||||
Portfolio of Investments | 5 | ||||||
Statement of Assets and Liabilities | 8 | ||||||
Statement of Operations | 9 | ||||||
Statements of Changes in Net Assets | 10 | ||||||
Financial Highlights | 11 | ||||||
Notes to Financial Statements | 12 | ||||||
Portfolio Management | 19 | ||||||
Investment Policy | 20 | ||||||
Dividend Reinvestment Plan | 22 | ||||||
U.S. Privacy Policy | 23 | ||||||
2
Morgan Stanley Frontier Emerging Markets Fund, Inc.
Overview (unaudited)
Letter to Stockholders
Performance
For the six months ended April 30, 2012, The Morgan Stanley Frontier Emerging Markets Fund, Inc. (the "Fund") had total returns of 6.51%, based on net asset value, and 4.98% based on market value per share (including reinvestment of distributions), compared to its benchmark, the Morgan Stanley Capital International (MSCI) Frontier Markets Index (the "Index")*, which returned 0.28%. On April 30, 2012, the closing price of the Fund's shares on the New York Stock Exchange was $11.73, representing a 11.9% discount to the Fund's net asset value per share. Past performance is no guarantee of future results.
Factors Affecting Performance
• Performance dispersion between countries continued to be high, highlighting the importance of conducting strong macro analysis and rigorous country allocation along with active management within the frontier universe.
• Over the last six months, Argentina has struggled with significant policy issues and more recently the nationalization of YPF, while the European Union (EU) sovereign debt crisis also weighed heavily on the peripheral Eastern European frontier markets. On a positive note, Kenya and Nigeria, which faced challenging performance in 2011, saw a strong recovery in the first few months of 2012.
• Country allocation was the primary contributor to performance with stock selection also marginally adding to returns. An overweight allocation to Saudi Arabia was the top contributor to returns, followed by stock selection in Qatar.
• Stock selection and an underweight allocation to Kuwait also contributed to performance.
• Stock selection in Kazakhstan was the top detractor from returns. Additionally, an overweight allocation to Sri Lanka and an underweight allocation to Pakistan had a negative impact on performance.
• The Fund utilized P-notes (participation notes) to gain access to Saudi Arabia's market. P-note exposure is intended to mirror the performance of the underlying stock. There is no investment leverage associated with P-notes.
Management Strategies
• We believe long-term prospects remain constructive given the compelling economic, demographic and productivity characteristics of so many frontier markets. We believe the rising violence in Syria between opposition forces and the military will continue to present political risk for regional markets. Structural problems and sluggish recoveries in the developed countries, combined with slowing growth in many emerging countries, could continue to dampen equity performance generally, in our view. Individual frontier markets face specific, isolated challenges. However, strong fundamentals and earnings prospects in much of the frontier universe contribute to our constructive strategic outlook for the asset class.
3
Morgan Stanley Frontier Emerging Markets Fund, Inc.
Overview (unaudited)
Letter to Stockholders (cont'd)
• In terms of portfolio positioning, we continue to focus on countries where gross domestic product (GDP) growth, fiscal policy and reform agendas remain constructive and on companies that we believe have strong earnings visibility, sensible management and solid balance sheets, in our opinion. We continue to search for oversold opportunities where valuations are not reflecting underlying fundamentals. This core view has not changed. The portfolio remains overweight such countries as Saudi Arabia, Nigeria, Sri Lanka and Qatar relative to the Index, where there is sustainable reform-led growth and reasonable inflation. Kuwait, Argentina and Pakistan remain our largest underweight country positions relative to the Index.
Notice of upcoming Stockholder Meeting
On May 4, 2012 the Fund announced that the Board of Directors of the Fund (the "Board") determined that it would be in the best interests of stockholders of the Fund to be converted into an open-end fund through a shell reorganization (the "Conversion"). It is currently anticipated that the Conversion will be effectuated through a reorganization of the Fund into a newly-created series of an open-end mutual fund. The Conversion is subject to certain conditions, including stockholder approval and customary closing conditions. The Conversion of the Fund will be submitted for stockholder approval at a stockholder meeting to be held on August 22, 2012, and any adjournments or postponements thereof. Further information about the Conversion will be included in a proxy statement/prospectus expected to be mailed to stockholders in the third quarter of 2012.
Sincerely,
Arthur Lev
President and Principal Executive Officer May 2012
*The MSCI Frontier Markets Index is a free float-adjusted market capitalization index that is designed to measure equity market performance of frontier markets. The MSCI Frontier Markets Index currently consists of 25 frontier market country indices. The performance of the Index is calculated in U.S. dollars and assumes reinvestment of net dividends. "Net dividends" reflects a reduction in dividends after taking into account withholding of taxes by certain foreign countries represented in the Index. It is not possible to invest directly in an index.
4
Morgan Stanley Frontier Emerging Markets Fund, Inc.
April 30, 2012 (unaudited)
Portfolio of Investments
Shares | Value (000) | ||||||||||
COMMON STOCKS (79.4%) | |||||||||||
Bangladesh (4.4%) | |||||||||||
Commercial Banks | |||||||||||
Islami Bank Bangladesh Ltd. | 1,767,375 | $ | 989 | ||||||||
Pharmaceuticals | |||||||||||
Renata Ltd. | 82,320 | 1,221 | |||||||||
Wireless Telecommunication Services | |||||||||||
GrameenPhone Ltd. | 656,672 | 1,722 | |||||||||
3,932 | |||||||||||
Kazakhstan (2.0%) | |||||||||||
Metals & Mining | |||||||||||
Eurasian Natural Resources Corp. PLC | 194,597 | 1,767 | |||||||||
Kenya (2.0%) | |||||||||||
Beverages | |||||||||||
East African Breweries Ltd. | 693,532 | 1,750 | |||||||||
Korea, Republic of (1.3%) | |||||||||||
Automobiles | |||||||||||
Kolao Holdings | 104,770 | 1,168 | |||||||||
Kuwait (14.6%) | |||||||||||
Commercial Banks | |||||||||||
Burgan Bank SAK | 2,122,676 | 3,323 | |||||||||
Wireless Telecommunication Services | |||||||||||
Mobile Telecommunications Co. KSC | 2,472,500 | 6,584 | |||||||||
National Mobile Telecommunication Co. KSC | 351,781 | 3,063 | |||||||||
9,647 | |||||||||||
12,970 | |||||||||||
Mongolia (1.0%) | |||||||||||
Metals & Mining | |||||||||||
Mongolian Mining Corp. (a)(b) | 1,083,900 | 873 | |||||||||
Nigeria (15.9%) | |||||||||||
Beverages | |||||||||||
Nigerian Breweries PLC | 4,100,673 | 2,869 | |||||||||
Commercial Banks | |||||||||||
First Bank of Nigeria PLC | 28,852,483 | 1,830 | |||||||||
Guaranty Trust Bank PLC | 34,487,504 | 3,511 | |||||||||
Zenith Bank PLC | 14,697,100 | 1,323 | |||||||||
6,664 |
Shares | Value (000) | ||||||||||
Construction Materials | |||||||||||
Dangote Cement PLC | 1,857,996 | $ | 1,381 | ||||||||
Household Products | |||||||||||
PZ Cussons PLC | 251,942 | 1,359 | |||||||||
Oil, Gas & Consumable Fuels | |||||||||||
Afren PLC (a) | 814,436 | 1,778 | |||||||||
14,051 | |||||||||||
Qatar (17.8%) | |||||||||||
Commercial Banks | |||||||||||
Qatar National Bank SAQ | 93,687 | 3,433 | |||||||||
Diversified Telecommunication Services | |||||||||||
Qatar Telecom Q-Tel QSC | 66,534 | 2,560 | |||||||||
Energy Equipment & Services | |||||||||||
Gulf International Services OSC | 263,780 | 1,880 | |||||||||
Industrial Conglomerates | |||||||||||
Industries Qatar QSC | 89,292 | 3,581 | |||||||||
Insurance | |||||||||||
Qatar Insurance Co. | 85,693 | 1,765 | |||||||||
Multi-Utilities | |||||||||||
Qatar Electricity & Water Co. | 66,648 | 2,603 | |||||||||
15,822 | |||||||||||
Romania (3.1%) | |||||||||||
Commercial Banks | |||||||||||
Banca Transilvania (a) | 3,484,887 | 1,289 | |||||||||
Diversified Financial Services | |||||||||||
Fondul Proprietatea SA | 8,980,552 | 1,496 | |||||||||
2,785 | |||||||||||
Slovenia (2.2%) | |||||||||||
Pharmaceuticals | |||||||||||
Krka dd Novo mesto | 30,300 | 1,905 | |||||||||
Sri Lanka (4.6%) | |||||||||||
Commercial Banks | |||||||||||
Commercial Bank of Ceylon PLC | 1,990,054 | 1,612 | |||||||||
Industrial Conglomerates | |||||||||||
John Keells Holdings PLC | 1,009,940 | 1,582 | |||||||||
Wireless Telecommunication Services | |||||||||||
Dialog Axiata PLC | 18,347,188 | 878 | |||||||||
4,072 |
The accompanying notes are an integral part of the financial statements.
5
Morgan Stanley Frontier Emerging Markets Fund, Inc.
April 30, 2012 (unaudited)
Portfolio of Investments (cont'd)
Shares | Value (000) | ||||||||||
United Arab Emirates (8.4%) | |||||||||||
Air Freight & Logistics | |||||||||||
Aramex Co. | 5,792,259 | $ | 2,838 | ||||||||
Commercial Banks | |||||||||||
First Gulf Bank | 819,000 | 2,007 | |||||||||
Real Estate Management & Development | |||||||||||
Emaar Properties PJSC (a) | 2,954,000 | 2,630 | |||||||||
7,475 | |||||||||||
United Kingdom (2.1%) | |||||||||||
Pharmaceuticals | |||||||||||
Hikma Pharmaceuticals PLC | 180,168 | 1,836 | |||||||||
TOTAL COMMON STOCKS (Cost $66,126) | 70,406 | ||||||||||
PARTICIPATION NOTES (12.9%) | |||||||||||
Luxembourg (2.9%) | |||||||||||
Food Products | |||||||||||
Almarai Co. Ltd., expires 3/24/14 (a) | 144,126 | 2,575 | |||||||||
Saudi Arabia (8.1%) | |||||||||||
Commercial Banks | |||||||||||
Alinma Bank, expires 12/3/12 (a) | 266,314 | 1,061 | |||||||||
HSBC Bank PLC Series 0008, expires 12/15/14 (a) | 30,868,400 | 2,058 | |||||||||
3,119 | |||||||||||
Food & Staples Retailing | |||||||||||
Herfy Food Services Co., expires 12/1/14 (a) | 8,477 | 200 | |||||||||
Metals & Mining | |||||||||||
Saudi Arabian Mining Co., expires 6/25/12 (a) | 11,295,300 | 1,006 | |||||||||
Wireless Telecommunication Services | |||||||||||
Etihad Etisalat Co., expires 12/3/12 (a) | 155,059 | 2,863 | |||||||||
7,188 | |||||||||||
United Arab Emirates (1.9%) | |||||||||||
Diversified Telecommunication Services | |||||||||||
Emirates Telecommunications Corp., expires 4/14/14 (a) | 733,145 | 1,729 | |||||||||
TOTAL PARTICIPATION NOTES (Cost $9,856) | 11,492 |
Shares | Value (000) | ||||||||||
SHORT-TERM INVESTMENT (7.2%) | |||||||||||
Investment Company (7.2%) | |||||||||||
Morgan Stanley Institutional Liquidity Funds — Money Market Portfolio — Institutional Class (See Note F) (Cost $6,357) | 6,356,528 | $ | 6,357 | ||||||||
TOTAL INVESTMENTS (99.5%) (Cost $82,339) | 88,255 | ||||||||||
OTHER ASSETS IN EXCESS OF LIABILITIES (0.5%) | 427 | ||||||||||
NET ASSETS (100.0%) | $ | 88,682 |
(a) Non-income producing security.
(b) Security trades on the Hong Kong exchange.
Fair Value Measurement Information:
The following is a summary of the inputs used to value the Fund's investments as of April 30, 2012. (See Note A-5 to the financial statements for further information regarding fair value measurement.)
Investment Type | Level 1 Unadjusted quoted prices (000) | Level 2 Other significant observable inputs (000) | Level 3 Significant unobservable inputs (000) | Total (000) | |||||||||||||||
Assets: | |||||||||||||||||||
Common Stocks | |||||||||||||||||||
Air Freight & Logistics | $ | 2,838 | $ | — | $ | — | $ | 2,838 | |||||||||||
Automobiles | 1,168 | — | — | 1,168 | |||||||||||||||
Beverages | 4,619 | — | — | 4,619 | |||||||||||||||
Commercial Banks | 18,028 | 1,289 | — | 19,317 | |||||||||||||||
Construction Materials | 1,381 | — | — | 1,381 | |||||||||||||||
Diversified Financial Services | 1,496 | — | — | 1,496 | |||||||||||||||
Diversified Telecommunication Services | 2,560 | — | — | 2,560 | |||||||||||||||
Energy Equipment & Services | 1,880 | — | — | 1,880 | |||||||||||||||
Household Products | 1,359 | — | — | 1,359 | |||||||||||||||
Industrial Conglomerates | 5,163 | — | — | 5,163 | |||||||||||||||
Insurance | 1,765 | — | — | 1,765 | |||||||||||||||
Metals & Mining | 2,640 | — | — | 2,640 |
The accompanying notes are an integral part of the financial statements.
6
Morgan Stanley Frontier Emerging Markets Fund, Inc.
April 30, 2012 (unaudited)
Portfolio of Investments (cont'd)
Fair Value Measurement Information: (cont'd)
Investment Type | Level 1 Unadjusted quoted prices (000) | Level 2 Other significant observable inputs (000) | Level 3 Significant unobservable inputs (000) | Total (000) | |||||||||||||||
Assets: (cont'd) | |||||||||||||||||||
Common Stocks (cont'd) | |||||||||||||||||||
Multi-Utilities | $ | 2,603 | $ | — | $ | — | $ | 2,603 | |||||||||||
Oil, Gas & Consumable Fuels | 1,778 | — | — | 1,778 | |||||||||||||||
Pharmaceuticals | 4,962 | — | — | 4,962 | |||||||||||||||
Real Estate Management & Development | 2,630 | — | — | 2,630 | |||||||||||||||
Wireless Telecommunication Services | 12,247 | — | — | 12,247 | |||||||||||||||
Total Common Stocks | 69,117 | 1,289 | — | 70,406 | |||||||||||||||
Participation Notes | — | 11,492 | — | 11,492 | |||||||||||||||
Short-Term Investment — | |||||||||||||||||||
Investment Company | 6,357 | — | — | 6,357 | |||||||||||||||
Total Assets | $ | 75,474 | $ | 12,781 | $ | — | $ | 88,255 |
Transfers between investment levels may occur as the markets fluctuate and/or the availability of data used in an investment's valuation changes. The Fund recognizes transfers between the levels as of the end of the period. As of April 30, 2012, securities with a total value of approximately $51,325,000 transferred from Level 2 to Level 1. At October 31, 2011, the fair market value of certain securities were adjusted due to developments which occurred between the time of the close of the foreign markets on which they trade and the close of business on the NYSE which resulted in their Level 2 classification. As of April 30, 2012, securities with a total value of approximately $4,592,000 transferred from Level 1 to Level 2. At April 30, 2012, the fair market value of certain securities were adjusted due a change in pricing methodology which resulted in their Level 2 classification.
Portfolio Composition
Classification | Percentage of Total Investments | ||||||
Other* | 33.6 | % | |||||
Commercial Banks | 25.4 | ||||||
Wireless Telecommunication Services | 17.1 | ||||||
Short-Term Investments | 7.2 | ||||||
Industrial Conglomerates | 5.9 | ||||||
Pharmaceuticals | 5.6 | ||||||
Beverages | 5.2 | ||||||
Total Investments | 100.0 | % |
* Industries representing less than 5% of total investments.
The accompanying notes are an integral part of the financial statements.
7
Morgan Stanley Frontier Emerging Markets Fund, Inc.
April 30, 2012
Financial Statements
Statement of Assets and Liabilities | April 30, 2012 (unaudited) (000) | ||||||
Assets: | |||||||
Investments in Securities of Unaffiliated Issuers, at Value (Cost $75,982) | $ | 81,898 | |||||
Investment in Security of Affiliated Issuer, at Value (Cost $6,357) | 6,357 | ||||||
Total Investments in Securities, at Value (Cost $82,339) | 88,255 | ||||||
Foreign Currency, at Value (Cost $327) | 328 | ||||||
Dividends Receivable | 441 | ||||||
Receivable from Affiliate | 1 | ||||||
Other Assets | 31 | ||||||
Total Assets | 89,056 | ||||||
Liabilities: | |||||||
Deferred Capital Gain Country Tax | 136 | ||||||
Payable for Advisory Fees | 107 | ||||||
Payable for Custodian Fees | 50 | ||||||
Payable for Investments Purchased | 34 | ||||||
Payable for Professional Fees | 25 | ||||||
Payable for Administration Fees | 6 | ||||||
Payable for Stockholder Servicing Agent Fees | — | @ | |||||
Other Liabilities | 16 | ||||||
Total Liabilities | 374 | ||||||
Net Assets | |||||||
Applicable to 6,662,999 Issued and Outstanding $.01 Par Value Shares (100,000,000 Shares Authorized) | $ | 88,682 | |||||
Net Asset Value Per Share | $ | 13.31 | |||||
Net Assets Consist of: | |||||||
Common Stock | $ | 67 | |||||
Paid-in-Capital | 127,807 | ||||||
Undistributed Net Investment Income | 1,526 | ||||||
Accumulated Net Realized Loss | (46,498 | ) | |||||
Unrealized Appreciation (Depreciation) on: | |||||||
Investments (Net of $136 Deferred Capital Gain Country Tax) | 5,780 | ||||||
Foreign Currency Translations | — | @ | |||||
Net Assets | $ | 88,682 |
@ Amount is less than $500.
The accompanying notes are an integral part of the financial statements.
8
Morgan Stanley Frontier Emerging Markets Fund, Inc.
April 30, 2012
Financial Statements (cont'd)
Statement of Operations | Six Months Ended April 30, 2012 (unaudited) (000) | ||||||
Investment Income: | |||||||
Dividends from Securities of Unaffiliated Issuers (Net of $179 of Foreign Taxes Withheld) | $ | 2,348 | |||||
Interest from Securities of Unaffiliated Issuers (Net of $@ of Foreign Taxes Withheld) | 59 | ||||||
Dividends from Security of Affiliated Issuer | 2 | ||||||
Total Investment Income | 2,409 | ||||||
Expenses: | |||||||
Advisory Fees (Note B) | 625 | ||||||
Custodian Fees (Note D) | 123 | ||||||
Professional Fees | 73 | ||||||
Administration Fees (Note C) | 33 | ||||||
Stockholder Reporting Expenses | 12 | ||||||
Stockholder Servicing Agent Fees | 3 | ||||||
Directors' Fees and Expenses | 2 | ||||||
Other Expenses | 12 | ||||||
Total Expenses | 883 | ||||||
Rebate from Morgan Stanley Affiliate (Note F) | (2 | ) | |||||
Net Expenses | 881 | ||||||
Net Investment Income | 1,528 | ||||||
Realized Loss: | |||||||
Investments Sold (Net of Capital Gains Country Tax $12) | (5,148 | ) | |||||
Foreign Currency Transactions | (60 | ) | |||||
Net Realized Loss | (5,208 | ) | |||||
Change in Unrealized Appreciation (Depreciation): | |||||||
Investments (Net of Decrease in Deferred Capital Gain Country Tax Accruals of $7) | 8,845 | ||||||
Net Change in Unrealized Appreciation (Depreciation) | 8,845 | ||||||
Net Realized Loss and Change in Unrealized Appreciation (Depreciation) | 3,637 | ||||||
Net Increase in Net Assets Resulting from Operations | $ | 5,165 |
@ Amount is less than $500.
The accompanying notes are an integral part of the financial statements.
9
Morgan Stanley Frontier Emerging Markets Fund, Inc.
April 30, 2012
Financial Statements (cont'd)
Statements of Changes in Net Assets | Six Months Ended April 30, 2012 (unaudited) (000) | Year Ended October 31, 2011 (000) | |||||||||
Increase (Decrease) in Net Assets: | |||||||||||
Operations: | |||||||||||
Net Investment Income | $ | 1,528 | $ | 2,296 | |||||||
Net Realized Gain (Loss) | (5,208 | ) | 3,631 | ||||||||
Net Change in Unrealized Appreciation (Depreciation) | 8,845 | (21,317 | ) | ||||||||
Net Increase (Decrease) in Net Assets Resulting from Operations | 5,165 | (15,390 | ) | ||||||||
Distributions from and/or in Excess of: | |||||||||||
Net Investment Income | (1,445 | ) | (1,310 | ) | |||||||
Total Distributions | (1,445 | ) | (1,310 | ) | |||||||
Total Increase (Decrease) | 3,720 | (16,700 | ) | ||||||||
Net Assets: | |||||||||||
Beginning of Period | 84,962 | 101,662 | |||||||||
End of Period (Including Undistributed Net Investment Income of $1,526 and $1,443) | $ | 88,682 | $ | 84,962 |
The accompanying notes are an integral part of the financial statements.
10
Morgan Stanley Frontier Emerging Markets Fund, Inc.
April 30, 2012
Financial Highlights
Selected Per Share Data and Ratios
Six Months Ended April 30, | Year Ended October 31, | Period from August 27, 2008^ to | |||||||||||||||||||||
2012 (unaudited) | 2011 | 2010 | 2009 | October 31, 2008 | |||||||||||||||||||
Net Asset Value, Beginning of Period | $ | 12.75 | $ | 15.26 | $ | 13.19 | $ | 11.79 | $ | 19.10 | |||||||||||||
Net Investment Income (Loss)† | 0.23 | 0.34 | 0.13 | 0.21 | (0.04 | ) | |||||||||||||||||
Net Realized and Unrealized Gain (Loss) | 0.55 | (2.65 | ) | 2.06 | 1.18 | (7.23 | ) | ||||||||||||||||
Total from Investment Operations | 0.78 | (2.31 | ) | 2.19 | 1.39 | (7.27 | ) | ||||||||||||||||
Distributions from and/or in excess of: | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Net Investment Income | (0.22 | ) | (0.20 | ) | (0.21 | ) | — | — | |||||||||||||||
Total Distributions | (0.22 | ) | (0.20 | ) | (0.21 | ) | — | — | |||||||||||||||
Offering Cost Charge to Capital | — | — | — | — | (0.04 | ) | |||||||||||||||||
Anti-Dilutive Effect of Share Repurchase Program | — | — | 0.09 | 0.01 | — | ||||||||||||||||||
Net Asset Value, End of Period | $ | 13.31 | $ | 12.75 | $ | 15.26 | $ | 13.19 | $ | 11.79 | |||||||||||||
Per Share Market Value, End of Period | $ | 11.73 | $ | 11.40 | $ | 14.04 | $ | 11.65 | $ | 9.70 | |||||||||||||
TOTAL INVESTMENT RETURN: | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Market Value | 4.98 | %# | (17.74 | )% | 22.87 | % | 19.49 | % | (51.25 | )%# | |||||||||||||
Net Asset Value(1) | 6.51 | %# | (15.35 | )% | 17.95 | % | 11.87 | % | (38.27 | )%# | |||||||||||||
RATIOS, SUPPLEMENTAL DATA: | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Net Assets, End of Period (Thousands) | $ | 88,682 | $ | 84,962 | $ | 101,662 | $ | 93,038 | $ | 83,742 | |||||||||||||
Ratio of Expenses to Average Net Assets | 2.11 | %*+ | 2.03 | %+ | 2.13 | %+ | 2.05 | %+ | 2.71 | %*+ | |||||||||||||
Ratio of Net Investment Income (Loss) to Average Net Assets | 3.64 | %*+ | 2.32 | %+ | 1.00 | %+ | 1.89 | %+ | (1.38 | )%*+ | |||||||||||||
Ratio of Rebate from Morgan Stanley Affiliates to Average Net Assets | 0.00 | %*§ | 0.00 | %§ | 0.00 | %§ | 0.01 | % | 0.03 | %* | |||||||||||||
Portfolio Turnover Rate | 30 | %# | 60 | % | 42 | % | 54 | % | 31 | %# |
^ Commencement of Operations.
† Per share amount is based on average shares outstanding.
(1) Total investment return based on net asset value per share reflects the effects of changes in net asset value on the performance of the Fund during each period, and assumes dividends and distributions, if any, were reinvested. This percentage is not an indication of the performance of a stockholder's investment in the Fund based on market value due to differences between the market price of the stock and the net asset value per share of the Fund.
# Not annualized.
* Annualized.
+ The Ratios of Expenses and Net Investment Income (loss) reflect the rebate of certain Fund expenses in connection with the investments in Morgan Stanley affiliates during the period. The effect of the rebate on the ratios is disclosed in the above table as "Ratio of Rebate from Morgan Stanley Affiliates to Average Net Assets."
§ Amount is less than 0.005%.
The accompanying notes are an integral part of the financial statements.
11
Morgan Stanley Frontier Emerging Markets Fund, Inc.
April 30, 2012 (unaudited)
Notes to Financial Statements
The Morgan Stanley Frontier Emerging Markets Fund, Inc. (the "Fund") was incorporated on August 25, 2008 and is a diversified, closed-end management investment company under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the "Act"). Because the Fund acted diversified for a period of more than three consecutive years, as of August 29, 2011 the Fund became defacto diversified. The Fund's investment objective is to seek long-term capital appreciation through investments primarily in equity securities of companies operating in frontier emerging market countries. To the extent that the Fund invests in derivative instruments that the Adviser believes have economic characteristics similar to such securities, such investments will be counted for purposes of the Fund's policy described in the previous sentence. To the extent the Fund makes such investments, the Fund will be subject to the risks of such derivative instruments as described herein.
A. Significant Accounting Policies: The following significant accounting policies are in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles ("GAAP"). Such policies are consistently followed by the Fund in the preparation of its financial statements. GAAP may require management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. Actual results may differ from those estimates.
1. Security Valuation: Securities listed on a foreign exchange are valued at their closing price except as noted below. Unlisted securities and listed securities not traded on the valuation date for which market quotations are readily available are valued at the mean between the current bid and ask prices. Equity securities listed on a U.S. exchange are valued at the latest quoted sales price on the valuation date. Equity securities listed or traded on NASDAQ, for which market quotations are available, are valued at the NASDAQ Official Closing Price. Short-term debt securities purchased with remaining maturities of 60 days or less are valued at amortized cost, unless the Board of Directors (the "Directors") determines such valuation does not reflect the securities' fair value, in which case these securities will be valued at their fair value as determined in good faith under procedures adopted by the Directors.
All other securities and investments for which market values are not readily available, including restricted securities, and those securities for which it is inappropriate to determine prices in accordance with the aforementioned procedures, are valued at fair value as determined in good faith under procedures adopted by the Directors, although the actual calculations may be done by others. Factors considered in making this determination may include, but are not limited to, information obtained by contacting the issuer, analysts, or the appropriate stock exchange (for exchange-traded securities), analysis of the issuer's financial statements or other available documents and, if necessary, available information concerning other securities in similar circumstances.
Most foreign markets close before the New York Stock Exchange ("NYSE"). Occasionally, developments that could affect the closing prices of securities and other assets may occur between the times at which valuations of such securities are determined (that is, close of the foreign market on which the securities trade) and the close of business on the NYSE. If these developments are expected to materially affect the value of the securities, the valuations may be adjusted to reflect the estimated fair value as of the close of the NYSE, as determined in good faith under procedures established by the Directors.
2. Foreign Currency Translation: The books and records of the Fund are maintained in U.S. dollars. Foreign currency amounts are translated into U.S. dollars at the mean of the bid and ask prices of such currencies against U.S. dollars last quoted by a major bank as follows:
—investments, other assets and liabilities at the prevailing rate of exchange on the valuation date;
12
Morgan Stanley Frontier Emerging Markets Fund, Inc.
April 30, 2012 (unaudited)
Notes to Financial Statements (cont'd)
—investment transactions and investment income at the prevailing rates of exchange on the dates of such transactions.
Although the net assets of the Fund are presented at the foreign exchange rates and market values at the close of the period, the Fund does not isolate that portion of the results of operations arising as a result of changes in the foreign exchange rates from the fluctuations arising from changes in the market prices of securities held at period end. Similarly, the Fund does not isolate the effect of changes in foreign exchange rates from the fluctuations arising from changes in the market prices of securities sold during the period. Accordingly, realized and unrealized foreign currency gains (losses) on investments in securities are included in the reported net realized and unrealized gains (losses) on investment transactions and balances.
Net realized gains (losses) on foreign currency transactions represent net foreign exchange gains (losses) from sales and maturities of foreign currency exchange contracts, disposition of foreign currencies, currency gains (losses) realized between the trade and settlement dates on securities transactions, and the difference between the amount of investment income and foreign withholding taxes recorded on the Fund's books and the U.S. dollar equivalent amounts actually received or paid. Net unrealized currency gains (losses) from valuing foreign currency denominated assets and liabilities at period end exchange rates are reflected as a component of unrealized appreciation (depreciation) on investments and foreign currency translations in the Statement of Assets and Liabilities. The change in unrealized currency gains (losses) on foreign currency translations for the period is reflected in the Statement of Operations.
A significant portion of the Fund's net assets consist of securities of issuers located in emerging markets, which are denominated in foreign currencies. Changes in currency exchange rates will affect the value of and investment income from such securities. Emerging market securities are often subject to greater price volatility, limited capitalization and liquidity, and higher rates of inflation than U.S. securities. In addition, emerging market issuers may be subject to substantial governmental involvement in the economy and greater social, economic and political uncertainty. Such securities may be concentrated in a limited number of countries and regions and may vary throughout the year. Accordingly, the price which the Fund may realize upon sale of securities in such markets may not be equal to its value as presented in the financial statements. Governmental approval for foreign investments may be required in advance of making an investment under certain circumstances in some countries, and the extent of foreign investments in domestic companies may be subject to limitation in other countries. Foreign ownership limitations also may be imposed by the charters of individual companies to prevent, among other concerns, violations of foreign investment limitations. As a result, an additional class of shares (identified as "Foreign" in the Portfolio of Investments) may be created and offered for investment. The "local" and "foreign shares" market values may differ. In the absence of trading of the foreign shares in such markets, the Fund values the foreign shares at the closing exchange price of the local shares. Such securities, if any, are identified as fair valued in the Portfolio of Investments.
3. Foreign Real Estate Companies: The Fund may invest up to 10% of its net assets in foreign real estate companies. Foreign real estate companies pool investor funds for investments primarily in commercial real estate properties. They may also include among other businesses, real estate developers, brokers and operating companies whose products and services are significantly related to the real estate industry such as building suppliers and mortgage lenders.
13
Morgan Stanley Frontier Emerging Markets Fund, Inc.
April 30, 2012 (unaudited)
Notes to Financial Statements (cont'd)
4. Structured Investments: The Fund invested a portion of its assets in structured investments. A structured investment is a derivative security designed to offer a return linked to a particular underlying security, currency, commodity or market. Structured investments may come in various forms including notes, warrants and options to purchase securities. The Fund will typically use structured investments to gain exposure to a permitted underlying security, currency, commodity or market when direct access to a market is limited or inefficient from a tax or cost standpoint. Investments in structured investments involve risks including issuer risk, counterparty risk and market risk. Holders of structured investments bear risks of the underlying investment and are subject to issuer or counterparty risk because the Fund is relying on the creditworthiness of such issuer or counterparty and has no rights with respect to the underlying investment. Certain structured investments may be thinly traded or have a limited trading market and may have the effect of increasing the Fund's illiquidity to the extent that the Fund, at a particular time, may be unable to find qualified buyers for these securities.
5. Fair Value Measurement: Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") Accounting Standards CodificationTM ("ASC") 820, "Fair Value Measurements and Disclosure" ("ASC 820"), defines fair value as the value that the Fund would receive to sell an investment or pay to transfer a liability in a timely transaction with an independent buyer in the principal market, or in the absence of a principal market the most advantageous market for the investment or liability. ASC 820 establishes a three-tier hierarchy to distinguish between (1) inputs that reflect the assumptions market participants would use in valuing an asset or liability developed based on market data obtained from sources independent of the reporting entity (observable inputs) and (2) inputs that reflect the reporting entity's own assumptions about the assumptions market participants would use in valuing an asset or liability developed based on the best information available in the circumstances (unobservable inputs) and to establish classification of fair value measurements for disclosure purposes. Various inputs are used in determining the value of the Fund's investments. The inputs are summarized in the three broad levels listed below.
• Level 1 – unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical investments
• Level 2 – other significant observable inputs (including quoted prices for similar investments, interest rates, prepayment speeds, credit risk, etc.)
• Level 3 – significant unobservable inputs including the Fund's own assumptions in determining the fair value of investments. Factors considered in making this determination may include, but are not limited to, information obtained by contacting the issuer, analysts, or the appropriate stock exchange (for exchange-traded securities), analysis of the issuer's financial statements or other available documents and, if necessary, available information concerning other securities in similar circumstances
The inputs or methodology used for valuing securities are not necessarily an indication of the risk associated with investing in those securities and the determination of the significance of a particular input to the fair value measurement in its entirety requires judgment and considers factors specific to each security.
In May 2011, FASB issued Accounting Standards Update ("ASU") 2011-04. The amendments in this update are the results of the work of FASB and the International Accounting Standards Board to develop common requirements for measuring fair value and for disclosing information about fair value measurements, which are
14
Morgan Stanley Frontier Emerging Markets Fund, Inc.
April 30, 2012 (unaudited)
Notes to Financial Statements (cont'd)
effective during interim and annual periods beginning after December 15, 2011. Consequently, these amendments improve the comparability of fair value measurements presented and disclosed in the financial statements prepared in accordance with GAAP and International Financial Reporting Standards. At this time, the Fund's management is evaluating the implications of ASU 2011-04.
6. Indemnifications: The Fund enters into contracts that contain a variety of indemnifications. The Fund's maximum exposure under these arrangements is unknown. However, the Fund has not had prior claims or losses pursuant to these contracts and expects the risk of loss to be remote.
7. Other: Security transactions are accounted for on the date the securities are purchased or sold. Realized gains (losses) on the sale of investment securities are determined on the specific identified cost basis. Interest income is recognized on the accrual basis. Dividend income and distributions are recorded on the ex-dividend date (except certain dividends which may be recorded as soon as the Fund is informed of such dividends) net of applicable withholding taxes.
B. Advisory Fees: Morgan Stanley Investment Management Inc. (the "Adviser"), a wholly-owned subsidiary of Morgan Stanley, provides the Fund with advisory services under the terms of an Investment Advisory Agreement, computed weekly and payable monthly at an annual rate of 1.50% of the Fund's average weekly net assets.
C. Administration Fees: The Adviser also serves as Administrator to the Fund and provides administrative services pursuant to an Administration Agreement for an annual fee, accrued daily and paid monthly, of 0.08% of the Fund's average weekly net assets.
Under a Sub-Administration Agreement between the Administrator and State Street Bank and Trust Company ("State Street"), State Street provides certain administrative services to the Fund. For such services, the Administrator pays State Street a portion of the fee the Administrator receives from the Fund.
D. Custodian Fees: State Street (the "Custodian") and its affiliates serve as Custodian for the Fund. The Custodian holds cash, securities, and other assets of the Fund as required by the Act. Custody fees are payable monthly based on assets held in custody, investment purchases and sales activity and account maintenance fees, plus reimbursement for certain out-of-pocket expenses.
The Fund has entered into an arrangement with its Custodian whereby credits realized on uninvested cash balances were used to offset a portion of the Fund's expenses. If applicable, these custodian credits are shown as "Expense Offset" in the Statement of Operations.
E. Federal Income Taxes: It is the Fund's intention to continue to qualify as a regulated investment company and distribute all of its taxable income. Accordingly, no provision for Federal income taxes is required in the financial statements. Dividend income and distributions to stockholders are recorded on the ex-dividend date.
The Fund may be subject to taxes imposed by countries in which it invests. Such taxes are generally based on income and/or capital gains earned or repatriated. Taxes are accrued and applied to net investment income, net realized gains and net unrealized appreciation as such income and/or gains are earned. Taxes may also be based on transactions in foreign currency and are accrued based on the value of investments denominated in such currency.
FASB ASC 740-10 "Income Taxes — Overall" sets forth a minimum threshold for financial statement recognition of the benefit of a tax position taken or expected to be taken in a tax return. Management has concluded there are no significant uncertain tax positions that would require recognition in the financial statements. If applicable, the Fund recognizes interest accrued related to unrecognized tax benefits in "Interest
15
Morgan Stanley Frontier Emerging Markets Fund, Inc.
April 30, 2012 (unaudited)
Notes to Financial Statements (cont'd)
Expense" and penalties in ''Other Expenses" in the Statement of Operations. The Fund files tax returns with the U.S. Internal Revenue Service, New York and various states. Each of the tax years in the four-year period ended October 31, 2011, remains subject to examination by taxing authorities.
The tax character of distributions paid may differ from the character of distributions shown in the Statements of Changes in Net Assets due to short-term capital gains being treated as ordinary income for tax purposes.
The tax character of distributions paid during fiscal 2011 and 2010 was as follows:
2011 Distributions Paid From: | 2010 Distributions Paid From: | ||||||||||||||
Ordinary Income (000) | Long-Term Capital Gain (000) | Ordinary Income (000) | Long-Term Capital Gain (000) | ||||||||||||
$ | 1,310 | $ | — | $ | 1,471 | $ | — |
The amount and character of income and capital gain distributions to be paid by the Fund are determined in accordance with Federal income tax regulations, which may differ from GAAP. These book/tax differences are considered either temporary or permanent in nature.
Temporary differences are attributable to differing book and tax treatments for the timing of the recognition of gains (losses) on certain investment transactions and the timing of the deductibility of certain expenses.
Permanent differences, primarily due to differing treatments of gains (losses) related to foreign currency transactions resulted in the following reclassifications among the components of net assets at October 31, 2011:
Undistributed (Distributions in Excess of) Net Investment Income (Loss) (000) | Accumulated Net Realized Gain (Loss) (000) | Paid-in Capital (000) | |||||||||
$ | (211 | ) | $ | 211 | $ | — |
At October 31, 2011, the components of distributable earnings for the Fund on a tax basis were as follows:
Undistributed Ordinary Income (000) | Undistributed Long-Term Capital Gain (000) | ||||||
$ | 1,445 | $ | — |
At April 30, 2012, the aggregate cost for federal income tax purposes approximates the aggregate cost for book purposes. The aggregate gross unrealized appreciation was approximately $12,586,000 and the aggregate gross unrealized depreciation was approximately $6,670,000 resulting in net unrealized appreciation of approximately $5,916,000.
On December 22, 2010, the Regulated Investment Company Modernization Act of 2010 (the "Modernization Act") was signed into law. The Modernization Act modernizes several tax provisions related to Regulated Investment Companies ("RICs") and their shareholders. One key change made by the Modernization Act is that capital losses will generally retain their character as short-term or long-term and may be carried forward indefinitely to offset future gains. These losses are utilized before other capital loss carryforwards that expire. Generally, the Modernization Act is effective for taxable years beginning after December 22, 2010.
At October 31, 2011, the Fund had a capital loss carryforward for U.S. Federal income tax purposes of approximately $41,290,000 to offset against future capital gains of which $10,567,000 will expire on October 31, 2016, $26,532,000 will
16
Morgan Stanley Frontier Emerging Markets Fund, Inc.
April 30, 2012 (unaudited)
Notes to Financial Statements (cont'd)
expire on October 31, 2017 and $4,191,000 will expire on October 31, 2018. To the extent that capital loss carryforwards are used to offset any future capital gains realized during the carryforward period as provided by U.S. Federal income tax regulations, no capital gains tax liability will be incurred by the Fund for gains realized and not distributed. To the extent that capital gains are offset, such gains will not be distributed to the stockholders. During the year ended October 31, 2011, the Fund had utilized capital loss carryforwards for U.S. Federal income tax purposes of approximately $3,842,000.
F. Security Transactions and Transactions with Affiliates: For the six months ended April 30, 2012, purchases and sales of investment securities for the Fund, other than long-term U.S. Government securities and short-term investments, were approximately $24,554,000 and $29,476,000, respectively. There were no purchases and sales of long-term U.S. Government securities for the six months ended April 30, 2012.
The Fund invests in the Institutional Class of the Morgan Stanley Institutional Liquidity Funds — Money Market Portfolio (the "Liquidity Funds"), an open-end management investment company managed by the Adviser. Advisory fees paid by the Fund are reduced by an amount equal to its pro-rata share of advisory and administration fees paid by the Fund due to its investments in the Liquidity Funds. For the six months ended April 30, 2012, advisory fees paid were reduced by approximately $2,000 relating to the Fund's investment in the Liquidity Funds.
A summary of the Fund's transactions in shares of the Liquidity Funds during the six months ended April 30, 2012 is as follows:
Value October 31, 2011 (000) | Purchases at Cost (000) | Sales (000) | Dividend Income (000) | Value April 30, 2012 (000) | |||||||||||||||
$ | 1,577 | $ | 19,920 | $ | 15,140 | $ | 2 | $ | 6,357 |
During the six months ended April 30, 2012, the Fund incurred approximately $8,000 in brokerage commissions with Citigroup, Inc. and its affiliated broker-dealers, which may be deemed affiliates of the Adviser and Administrator under Section 17 of the Act, for portfolio transactions executed on behalf of the Portfolio.
The Fund has an unfunded Deferred Compensation Plan (the "Compensation Plan"), which allows each independent Director to defer payment of all, or a portion, of the fees he or she receives for serving on the Board of Directors. Each eligible Director generally may elect to have the deferred amounts credited with a return equal to the total return on one or more of the Morgan Stanley funds that are offered as investment options under the Compensation Plan. Appreciation/depreciation and distributions received from these investments are recorded with an offsetting increase/decrease in the deferred compensation obligation and do not affect the net asset value of the Fund.
G. Other: On November 24, 2008, the Fund commenced a share repurchase program for purposes of enhancing stockholder value and reducing the discount at which the Fund's shares trade from their net asset value. During the six months ended April 30, 2012, the Fund did not repurchase any of its shares. Since the inception of the program, the Fund has repurchased 442,237 of its shares at an average discount of 12.18% from net asset value per share. The Directors regularly monitor the Fund's share repurchase program as part of their review and consideration of the Fund's premium/discount history. The Fund expects to continue to repurchase its outstanding shares at such time and in such amounts as it believes will further the accomplishment of the foregoing objectives, subject to review by the Directors.
H. Subsequent Event: The Board of Directors of the Fund approved a Plan of Reorganization (the, "Reorganization"), whereby the Fund would convert into an open end structured portfolio of the Morgan Stanley Institutional Fund, Inc. All the existing Stockholders would move into the I Share Class of the new portfolio, which does not have a 12b-1 fee. The Reorganization will require a Stockholder vote. A special meeting for this proposed Reorganization will be held on August 22, 2012. If approved by the Stockholders, the Reorganization is expected to be consummated in September 2012.
17
Morgan Stanley Frontier Emerging Markets Fund, Inc.
April 30, 2012 (unaudited)
Notes to Financial Statements (cont'd)
For More Information About Portfolio Holdings
The Fund provides a complete schedule of portfolio holdings in its semi-annual and annual reports within 60 days of the end of the Fund's second and fourth fiscal quarters. The semi-annual reports and the annual reports are filed electronically with the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) on Form N-CSRS and Form N-CSR, respectively. Morgan Stanley also delivers the semi-annual and annual reports to Fund stockholders and makes these reports available on its public website, www.morganstanley.com/im. Each Morgan Stanley fund also files a complete schedule of portfolio holdings with the SEC for the Fund's first and third fiscal quarters on Form N-Q. Morgan Stanley does not deliver the reports for the first and third fiscal quarters to stockholders, nor are the reports posted to the Morgan Stanley public website. You may, however, obtain the Form N-Q filings (as well as the Form N-CSR and N-CSRS filings) by accessing the SEC's website, www.sec.gov. You may also review and copy them at the SEC's Public Reference Room in Washington, DC. Information on the operation of the SEC's Public Reference Room may be obtained by calling the SEC toll free at 1(800) SEC-0330. You can also request copies of these materials, upon payment of a duplicating fee, by electronic request at the SEC's e-mail address (publicinfo@sec.gov) or by writing the public reference section of the SEC, Washington, DC 20549-0102.
In addition to filing a complete schedule of portfolio holdings with the SEC each fiscal quarter, the Fund makes portfolio holdings information available by periodically providing the information on its public website, www.morganstanley.com/im.
The Fund provides a complete schedule of portfolio holdings on the public website on a calendar-quarter basis approximately 31 calendar days after the close of the calendar quarter. The Fund also provides Top 10 holdings information on the public website approximately 15 business days following the end of each month. You may obtain copies of the Fund's monthly or calendar-quarter website postings, by calling toll free 1(800) 231-2608.
Proxy Voting Policy and Procedures and Proxy Voting Record
A copy of (1) the Fund's policies and procedures with respect to the voting of proxies relating to the Fund's portfolio securities; and (2) how the Fund voted proxies relating to portfolio securities during the most recent twelve-month period ended June 30, is available without charge, upon request, by calling toll free 1(800) 548-7786 or by visiting our website at www.morganstanley.com/im. This information is also available on the SEC's web site at www.sec.gov.
18
Morgan Stanley Frontier Emerging Markets Fund, Inc.
April 30, 2012 (unaudited)
Portfolio Management
The Fund is managed within the Emerging Markets Equity team. The team consists of portfolio managers and analysts. Timothy Drinkall, an Executive Director of the Adviser, is primarily responsible for the day-to-day management of the Fund's portfolio.
Mr. Drinkall has been associated with the Adviser in an investment management capacity since October 2007 and began managing the Fund at its inception in August 2008. Prior to October 2007, Mr. Drinkall was a fund manager at Gustavia Capital (July 2005 to October 2007) and, prior to that, an equity sales specialist at Cheuvreux North America (January 2004 to June 2005).
19
Morgan Stanley Frontier Emerging Markets Fund, Inc.
April 30, 2012 (unaudited)
Investment Policy
The Fund may, but is not required to, use derivative instruments for a variety of purposes, including hedging, risk management, portfolio management or to earn income. Derivatives are financial instruments whose value is based on the value of an underlying asset, interest rate, index or financial instrument. A derivative instrument often has risks similar to its underlying asset and may have additional risks, including imperfect correlation between the value of the derivative and the underlying asset, risks of default by the counterparty to certain transactions, magnification of losses incurred due to changes in the market value of the securities, instruments, indices or interest rates to which they relate, and risks that the transactions may not be liquid. The use of derivatives involves risks that are different from, and possibly greater than, the risks associated with other portfolio investments. Derivatives may involve the use of highly specialized instruments that require investment techniques and risk analyses different from those associated with other portfolio investments. Certain derivative transactions may give rise to a form of leverage. Leverage magnifies the potential for gain and risk of loss. Leverage associated with derivative transactions may cause the Fund to liquidate portfolio positions when it may not be advantageous to do so to satisfy its obligations or to meet earmarking or segregation requirements, pursuant to applicable SEC rules and regulations, or may cause the Fund to be more volatile than if the Fund had not been leveraged. Although the Adviser seeks to use derivatives to further the Fund's investment objectives, there is no assurance that the use of derivatives will achieve this result.
Following is a description of the derivative instruments and techniques that the Fund may use and their associated risks:
Contracts for Difference ("CFDs"). A CFD is a privately negotiated contract between two parties, buyer and seller, stipulating that the seller will pay to or receive from the buyer the difference between the nominal value of the underlying instrument at the opening of the contract and that instrument's value at the end of the contract. The underlying instrument may be a single security, stock basket or index. A CFD can be set up to take either a short or long position on the underlying instrument. The buyer and seller are both required to post margin, which is adjusted daily. The buyer will also pay to the seller a financing rate on the notional amount of the capital employed by the seller less the margin deposit. In addition to the general risks of derivatives, CFDs may be subject to liquidity risk and counterparty risk.
Foreign Currency Exchange Contracts. In connection with its investments in foreign securities, the Fund also may enter into contracts with banks, brokers or dealers to purchase or sell securities or foreign currencies at a future date. A foreign currency exchange contract ("currency contract") is a negotiated agreement between two parties to exchange specified amounts of two or more currencies at a specified future time at a specified rate. The rate specified by the currency contract can be higher or lower than the spot rate between the currencies that are the subject of the contract. Currency contracts may be used to protect against uncertainty in the level of future foreign currency exchange rates or to gain or modify exposure to a particular currency. In addition, the Fund may use cross currency hedging or proxy hedging with respect to currencies in which the Fund has or expects to have portfolio or currency exposure. Cross currency hedges involve the sale of one currency against the positive exposure to a different currency and may be used for hedging purposes or to establish an active exposure to the exchange rate between any two currencies. Hedging the Fund's currency risks involves the risk of mismatching the Fund's objectives under a currency contract with the value of securities denominated in a particular currency. Furthermore, such transactions reduce or preclude the opportunity for gain if the value of the currency should move in the direction opposite to the position taken. There is an additional risk to the effect that currency contracts create exposure to currencies in
20
Morgan Stanley Frontier Emerging Markets Fund, Inc.
April 30, 2012 (unaudited)
Investment Policy (cont'd)
which the Fund's securities are not denominated. Unanticipated changes in currency prices may result in poorer overall performance for the Fund than if it had not entered into such contracts. The use of currency contracts involves the risk of loss from the insolvency or bankruptcy of the counterparty to the contract or the failure of the counterparty to make payments or otherwise comply with the terms of the contract.
Futures. A futures contract is a standardized, exchange-traded agreement to buy or sell a specific quantity of an underlying asset, reference rate or index at a specific price at a specific future time. The value of a futures contract tends to increase and decrease in tandem with the value of the underlying instrument. Depending on the terms of the particular contract, futures contracts are settled through either physical delivery of the underlying instrument on the settlement date or by payment of a cash settlement amount on the settlement date. A decision as to whether, when and how to use futures involves the exercise of skill and judgment and even a well-conceived futures transaction may be unsuccessful because of market behavior or unexpected events. In addition to the derivatives risks discussed above, the prices of futures contracts can be highly volatile, using futures can lower total return, and the potential loss from futures can exceed the Fund's initial investment in such contracts.
Structured Investments. The Fund also may invest a portion of its assets in structured investments. A structured investment is a derivative security designed to offer a return linked to a particular underlying security, currency, commodity or market. Structured investments may come in various forms including notes, warrants and options to purchase securities. The Fund will typically use structured investments to gain exposure to a permitted underlying security, currency, commodity or market when direct access to a market is limited or inefficient from a tax or cost standpoint. Investments in structured investments involve risks including issuer risk, counterparty risk and market risk. Holders of structured investments bear risks of the underlying investment and are subject to issuer or counterparty risk because the Fund is relying on the creditworthiness of such issuer or counterparty and has no rights with respect to the underlying investment. Certain structured investments may be thinly traded or have a limited trading market and may have the effect of increasing the Fund's illiquidity to the extent that the Fund, at a particular point in time, may be unable to find qualified buyers for these securities.
Swaps. An over-the-counter ("OTC") swap contract is an agreement between two parties pursuant to which the parties exchange payments at specified dates on the basis of a specified notional amount, with the payments calculated by reference to specified securities, indexes, reference rates, currencies or other instruments. A small percentage of swap contracts are cleared through a central clearinghouse. Most swap agreements provide that when the period payment dates for both parties are the same, the payments are made on a net basis (i.e., the two payment streams are netted out, with only the net amount paid by one party to the other). The Fund's obligations or rights under a swap contract entered into on a net basis will generally be equal only to the net amount to be paid or received under the agreement, based on the relative values of the positions held by each party. Most swap agreements are not entered into or traded on exchanges and often there is no central clearing or guaranty function for swaps. These OTC swaps are often subject to credit risk or the risk of default or non-performance by the counterparty. Swaps could result in losses if interest rate or foreign currency exchange rates or credit quality changes are not correctly anticipated by the Fund or if the reference index, security or investments do not perform as expected.
21
Morgan Stanley Frontier Emerging Markets Fund, Inc.
April 30, 2012 (unaudited)
Dividend Reinvestment Plan
Pursuant to the Dividend Reinvestment Plan (the Plan), each stockholder will be deemed to have elected, unless Computershare Trust Company, N.A. (the Plan Agent) is otherwise instructed by the stockholder in writing, to have all distributions automatically reinvested in Fund shares.
Dividend and capital gain distributions (Distribution) will be reinvested on the reinvestment date in full and fractional shares. If the market price per share equals or exceeds net asset value per share on the reinvestment date, the Fund will issue shares to participants at net asset value or, if net asset value is less than 95% of the market price on the reinvestment date, shares will be issued at 95% of the market price. If net asset value exceeds the market price on the reinvestment date, participants will receive shares valued at market price. The Fund may purchase shares of its Common Stock in the open market in connection with dividend reinvestment requirements at the discretion of the Board of Directors. Should the Fund declare a Distribution payable only in cash, the Plan Agent will purchase Fund shares for participants in the open market as agent for the participants.
The Plan Agent's fees for the reinvestment of a Distribution will be paid by the Fund. However, each participant's account will be charged a pro rata share of brokerage commissions incurred on any open market purchases effected on such participant's behalf. Although stockholders in the Plan may receive no cash distributions, participation in the Plan will not relieve participants of any income tax which may be payable on such dividends or distributions.
In the case of stockholders, such as banks, brokers or nominees, that hold shares for others who are the beneficial owners, the Plan Agent will administer the Plan on the basis of the number of shares certified from time to time by the stockholder as representing the total amount registered in the stockholder's name and held for the account of beneficial owners who are participating in the Plan.
Stockholders who do not wish to have Distributions automatically reinvested should notify the Plan Agent in writing. There is no penalty for non-participation or withdrawal from the Plan, and stockholders who have previously withdrawn from the Plan may rejoin at any time. Requests for additional information or any correspondence concerning the Plan should be directed to the Plan Agent at:
Morgan Stanley Frontier Emerging Markets Fund, Inc.
Computershare Trust Company, N.A.
P.O. Box 43078
Providence, Rhode Island 02940-3078
1 (800) 231-2608
22
Morgan Stanley Frontier Emerging Markets Fund, Inc.
April 30, 2012 (unaudited)
U.S. Privacy Policy
An Important Notice Concerning Our U.S. Privacy Policy
This privacy notice describes the U.S. privacy policy of Morgan Stanley Distribution, Inc., and the Morgan Stanley family of mutual funds ("us", "our", "we").
We are required by federal law to provide you with notice of our U.S. privacy policy ("Policy"). This Policy applies to both our current and former clients unless we state otherwise and is intended for individual clients who purchase products or receive services from us for personal, family or household purposes. This Policy is not applicable to partnerships, corporations, trusts or other non-individual clients or account holders, nor is this Policy applicable to individuals who are either beneficiaries of a trust for which we serve as trustee or participants in an employee benefit plan administered or advised by us. This Policy is, however, applicable to individuals who select us to be a custodian of securities or assets in individual retirement accounts, 401(k) accounts, or accounts subject to the Uniform Gifts to Minors Act.
This notice sets out our business practices to protect your privacy; how we collect and share personal information about you; and how you can limit our sharing or certain uses by others of this information. We may amend this Policy at any time, and will inform you of any changes to our Policy as required by law.
We Respect Your Privacy
We appreciate that you have provided us with your personal financial information and understand your concerns about your information. We strive to safeguard the information our clients entrust to us. Protecting the confidentiality and security of client information is an important part of how we conduct our business.
This notice describes what personal information we collect about you, how we collect it, when we may share it with others, and how certain others may use it. It discusses the steps you may take to limit our sharing of certain information about you with our affiliated companies, including, but not limited to our affiliated banking businesses, brokerage firms and credit service affiliates. It also discloses how you may limit our affiliates' use of shared information for marketing purposes.
Throughout this Policy, we refer to the nonpublic information that personally identifies you as "personal information." We also use the term "affiliated company" in this notice. An affiliated company is a company in our family of companies and includes companies with the Morgan Stanley name. These affiliated companies are financial institutions such as broker-dealers, banks, investment advisers and credit card issuers. We refer to any company that is not an affiliated company as a nonaffiliated third party. For purposes of Section 5 of this notice, and your ability to limit certain uses of personal information by our affiliates, this notice applies to the use of personal information by our affiliated companies.
1. What Personal Information Do We Collect From You?
We may collect the following types of information about you: (i) information provided by you, including information from applications and other forms we receive from you, (ii) information about your transactions with us or our affiliates, (iii) information
23
Morgan Stanley Frontier Emerging Markets Fund, Inc.
April 30, 2012 (unaudited)
U.S. Privacy Policy (cont'd)
about your transactions with nonaffiliated third parties, (iv) information from consumer reporting agencies, (v) information obtained from our websites, and (vi) information obtained from other sources. For example:
• We collect information such as your name, address, e-mail address, telephone/fax numbers, assets, income and investment objectives through applications and other forms you submit to us.
• We may obtain information about account balances, your use of account(s) and the types of products and services you prefer to receive from us through your dealings and transactions with us and other sources.
• We may obtain information about your creditworthiness and credit history from consumer reporting agencies.
• We may collect background information from and through third-party vendors to verify representations you have made and to comply with various regulatory requirements.
2. When Do We Disclose Personal Information We Collect About You?
We may disclose personal information we collect about you in each of the categories listed above to affiliated and nonaffiliated third parties.
a. Information We Disclose to Affiliated Companies. We may disclose personal information that we collect about you to our affiliated companies to manage your account(s) effectively, to service and process your transactions, and to let you know about products and services offered by us and affiliated companies, to manage our business, and as otherwise required or permitted by law. Offers for products and services from affiliated companies are developed under conditions designed to safeguard your personal information.
b. Information We Disclose to Third Parties. We may disclose personal information that we collect about you to nonaffiliated third parties to provide marketing services on our behalf or to other financial institutions with whom we have joint marketing agreements. We may also disclose all of the information we collect to other nonaffiliated third parties for our everyday business purposes, such as to process transactions, maintain account(s), respond to court orders and legal investigations, report to credit bureaus, offer our own products and services, protect against fraud, for institutional risk control, to perform services on our behalf, and as otherwise required or permitted by law.
When we share personal information about you with a nonaffiliated third party, they are required to limit their use of personal information about you to the particular purpose for which it was shared and they are not allowed to share personal information about you with others except to fulfill that limited purpose or as may be permitted or required by law.
3. How Do We Protect The Security and Confidentiality Of Personal Information We Collect About You?
We maintain physical, electronic and procedural security measures that comply with applicable law and regulations to help safeguard the personal information we collect about you. We have internal policies governing the proper handling of client information by
24
Morgan Stanley Frontier Emerging Markets Fund, Inc.
April 30, 2012 (unaudited)
U.S. Privacy Policy (cont'd)
employees. Third parties that provide support or marketing services on our behalf may also receive personal information about you, and we require them to adhere to appropriate security standards with respect to such information.
4. How Can You Limit Our Sharing Certain Personal Information About You With Our Affiliated Companies For Eligibility Determination?
By following the opt-out procedures in Section 6 below, you may limit the extent to which we share with our affiliated companies, personal information that was collected to determine your eligibility for products and services such as your credit reports and other information that you have provided to us or that we may obtain from third parties ("eligibility information"). Eligibility information does not include your identification information or personal information pertaining to our transactions or experiences with you. Please note that, even if you direct us not to share eligibility information with our affiliated companies, we may still share your personal information, including eligibility information, with our affiliated companies under circumstances that are permitted under applicable law, such as to process transactions or to service your account.
5. How Can You Limit the Use of Certain Personal Information About You by Our Affiliated Companies for Marketing?
By following the opt-out instructions in Section 6 below, you may limit our affiliated companies from marketing their products or services to you based on personal information we disclose to them. This information may include, for example, your income and account history with us. Please note that, even if you choose to limit our affiliated companies from using personal information about you that we may share with them for marketing their products and services to you, our affiliated companies may use your personal information that they obtain from us to market to you in circumstances permitted by law, such as if the affiliated party has its own relationship with you.
6. How Can You Send Us an Opt-Out Instruction?
If you wish to limit our sharing of eligibility information about you with our affiliated companies, or our affiliated companies' use of personal information for marketing purposes, as described in this notice, you may do so by:
• Calling us at (800) 548-7786
Monday-Friday between 8a.m. and 5p.m. (EST)
• Writing to us at the following address:
Morgan Stanley Services Company Inc.
c/o Privacy Coordinator
201 Plaza Two, 3rd Floor
Jersey City, New Jersey 07311
If you choose to write to us, your request should include: your name, address, telephone number and account number(s) to which the opt-out applies and whether you are opting out with respect to sharing of eligibility information (Section 4 above), or information
25
Morgan Stanley Frontier Emerging Markets Fund, Inc.
April 30, 2012 (unaudited)
U.S. Privacy Policy (cont'd)
used for marketing (Section 5 above), or both. Written opt-out requests should not be sent with any other correspondence. In order to process your request, we require that the request be provided by you directly and not through a third party. Once you have informed us about your privacy preferences, your opt-out preference will remain in effect with respect to this Policy (as it may be amended) until you notify us otherwise. If you are a joint account owner, we will accept instructions from any one of you and apply those instructions to the entire account.
Please understand that if you limit our sharing or our affiliated companies' use of personal information, you and any joint account holder(s) may not receive information about our affiliated companies' products and services, including products or services that could help you manage your financial resources and achieve your investment objectives.
If you have more than one account or relationship with us, please specify the accounts to which you would like us to apply your privacy choices. If you have accounts or relationships with our affiliates, you may receive multiple privacy policies from them, and will need to separately notify those companies of your privacy choices for those accounts or relationships.
7. What if an affiliated company becomes a nonaffiliated third party?
If, at any time in the future, an affiliated company becomes a nonaffiliated third party, further disclosures of personal information made to the former affiliated company will be limited to those described in Section 2(b) above relating to nonaffiliated third parties. If you elected under Section 6 to limit disclosures we make to affiliated companies, or use of personal information by affiliated companies, your election will not apply to use by any former affiliated company of your personal information in their possession once it becomes a nonaffiliated third party.
SPECIAL NOTICE TO RESIDENTS OF VERMONT
The following section supplements our Policy with respect to our individual clients who have a Vermont address and supersedes anything to the contrary in the above Policy with respect to those clients only.
The State of Vermont requires financial institutions to obtain your consent prior to sharing personal information that they collect about you with nonaffiliated third parties, or eligibility information with affiliated companies, other than in certain limited circumstances. Except as permitted by law, we will not share personal information we collect about you with nonaffiliated third parties or eligibility information with affiliated companies, unless you provide us with your written consent to share such information.
26
Morgan Stanley Frontier Emerging Markets Fund, Inc.
April 30, 2012 (unaudited)
U.S. Privacy Policy (cont'd)
SPECIAL NOTICE TO RESIDENTS OF CALIFORNIA
The following section supplements our Policy with respect to our individual clients who have a California address and supersedes anything to the contrary in the above Policy with respect to those clients only.
In response to a California law, if your account has a California home address, your personal information will not be disclosed to nonaffiliated third parties except as permitted by applicable California law, and we will limit sharing such personal information with our affiliates to comply with California privacy laws that apply to us.
27
MORGAN STANLEY INSTITUTIONAL FUND, INC.
FRONTIER EMERGING MARKETS PORTFOLIO
PART B
STATEMENT OF ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
This Statement of Additional Information (the "SAI") relates to the shares of common stock ("shares") of the Frontier Emerging Markets Portfolio (the "Acquiring Fund"), a newly created series of Morgan Stanley Institutional Fund, Inc. (the "Company"), to be issued pursuant to an Agreement and Plan of Reorganization, dated April 25, 2012 (the "Reorganization Agreement"), between the Company, on behalf of the Acquiring Fund, and Morgan Stanley Frontier Emerging Markets Fund, Inc. (the "Acquired Fund"), pursuant to which all of the assets and liabilities of the Acquired Fund will be transferred to the Acquiring Fund in exchange for Class I shares of common stock of the Acquiring Fund and pursuant to which the Acquired Fund will be dissolved (the "Reorganization").
This SAI does not constitute a prospectus. This SAI does not include all information that a shareholder should consider before voting on the proposals contained in the Proxy Statement and Prospectus, and, therefore, should be read in conjunction with the related Proxy Statement and Prospectus, dated July 3, 2012. A copy of the Proxy Statement and Prospectus may be obtained upon request and without charge by calling (800) 548-7786 (toll-free). Please retain this document for future reference.
The date of this SAI is July 3, 2012.
B-1
Table of Contents | Page | ||||||
Introduction | B-2 | ||||||
Additional Information About the Acquiring Fund | B-2 | ||||||
Additional Information About the Acquired Fund | B-3 | ||||||
Financial Statements | B-6 | ||||||
INTRODUCTION
This SAI is intended to supplement the information provided in the Proxy Statement and Prospectus dated July 3, 2012 (the "Proxy Statement and Prospectus"). The Proxy Statement and Prospectus has been sent to the Acquired Fund's Stockholders in connection with the solicitation of proxies by the Board of Directors of the Acquired Fund to be voted at the Special Meetings of Stockholders of the Acquired Fund to be held on August 22, 2012. The Company's Statement of Additional Information, dated June 26, 2012, with respect to the Acquiring Fund, as may be supplemented (the "Company's Statement of Additional Information") accompanies, and is incorporated by reference in, this SAI.
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION ABOUT THE ACQUIRING FUND
Fund History
For additional information about the Acquiring Fund's history, see "General Information—Fund History" in the Company's Statement of Additional Information relating to the Acquiring Fund.
Investment Objectives and Policies
For additional information about the Acquiring Fund's investment objectives and policies, see "Investment Policies and Strategies" in the Company's Statement of Additional Information relating to the Acquiring Fund.
Portfolio Holdings
For additional information about the Acquiring Fund's policies and procedures with respect to the disclosure of their portfolio securities to any person, see "Disclosure of Portfolio Holdings" in the Company's Statement of Additional Information relating to the Acquiring Fund.
Management
For additional information about the Board of Directors, officers and management personnel of the Acquiring Fund, see "Management of the Fund" and "Investment Advisory and Other Services" in the Company's Statement of Additional Information relating to the Acquiring Fund.
Investment Advisory and Other Services
For additional information about the Acquiring Fund's investment adviser, the Acquiring Fund's independent registered public accounting firm and other services provided to the Acquiring Fund, see "Investment Advisory and Other Services" in the Company's Statement of Additional Information relating to the Acquiring Fund.
Codes of Ethics
For additional information about the Codes of Ethics adopted by the Acquiring Fund, the Acquiring Fund's investment adviser and the Acquiring Fund's distributor, see "Management of the Fund—Codes of Ethics" in the Company's Statement of Additional Information relating to the Acquiring Fund.
Proxy Voting Policies
For additional information about the voting of proxies held by the Acquiring Fund, see "Investment Advisory and Other Services—Proxy Voting Policies and Procedures and Proxy Voting Record" in the Company's Statement of Additional Information relating to the Acquiring Fund.
B-2
Portfolio Manager
For additional information about the portfolio manager primarily responsible for the day-to-day management of the Acquiring Fund, his compensation structure and his holdings in the Acquiring Fund, see "Investment Advisory and Other Services—Portfolio Managers" in the Company's Statement of Additional Information relating to the Acquiring Fund.
Portfolio Transactions and Brokerage
For additional information about brokerage allocation practices, see "Brokerage Practices" in the Company's Statement of Additional Information relating to the Acquiring Fund.
Description of Fund Shares
For additional information about the voting rights and other characteristics of the shares of the Acquiring Fund, see "General Information—Description of Shares and Voting Rights" in the Company's Statement of Additional Information relating to the Acquiring Fund.
Purchase, Redemption and Pricing of Shares
For additional information about the purchase and redemption of the Acquiring Fund's shares and the determination of net asset value, see "Purchase of Shares" and "Redemption of Shares" in the Company's Statement of Additional Information relating to the Acquiring Fund.
Dividends, Distributions and Tax Status
For additional information about the Acquiring Fund's policies regarding dividends and distributions and tax matters affecting the Acquiring Fund and its Shareholders, see "General Information—Dividends and Capital Gains Distributions" and "Taxes" in the Company's Statement of Additional Information relating to the Acquiring Fund.
Distribution of Shares
For additional information about the Acquiring Fund's distributor and the distribution agreement between the Acquiring Fund and its distributor, see "Investment Advisory and Other Services" in the Company's Statement of Additional Information relating to the Acquiring Fund.
Performance Data
The Acquiring Fund is a newly created series of the Company and has not yet commenced operations. As a result, the Acquiring Fund has no performance data.
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION ABOUT THE ACQUIRED FUND
Investment Restrictions
The following are fundamental investment restrictions of the Acquired Fund and may not be changed without the approval of the holders of a majority of the Acquired Fund's outstanding common shares (which for this purpose and under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the "Act"), means the lesser of (i) 67% of the common shares represented at a meeting at which more than 50% of the outstanding common shares are represented or (ii) more than 50% of the outstanding shares). Except as otherwise noted, all percentage limitations set forth below apply immediately after a purchase or initial investment and any subsequent change in any applicable percentage resulting from market fluctuations does not require any action. With respect to the limitations on the issuance of senior securities and in the case of borrowings, the percentage limitations apply at the time of issuance and on an ongoing basis. The Acquired Fund may not:
1. Invest 25% or more of its total assets in an industry or group of industries; provided, however, that the Acquired Fund will invest 25% or more of its total assets in the securities of issuers in the banking industry.
B-3
2. Purchase or sell physical commodities unless acquired as a result of ownership of securities or other instruments; provided that this restriction shall not prohibit the Acquired Fund from investing in futures, options, forward contracts, swaps, collateralized mortgage obligations, structured notes, other derivative instruments or any other financial instruments or from investing in securities or other instruments backed by physical commodities or as otherwise permitted by (i) the Act, as amended from time to time, (ii) the rules and regulations promulgated by the Securities and Exchange Commission under the Act, as amended from time to time or (iii) an exemption or other relief applicable to the Acquired Fund from the provisions of the Act, as amended from time to time.
3. Make loans of money or property to any person, except (a) to the extent that securities or interests in which the Acquired Fund may invest are considered to be loans, (b) through the loan of portfolio securities, (c) by engaging in repurchase agreements or (d) as may otherwise be permitted by (i) the Act, as amended from time to time, (ii) the rules and regulations promulgated by the Securities and Exchange Commission under the Act, as amended from time to time or (iii) an exemption or other relief applicable to the Acquired Fund from the provisions of the Act, as amended from time to time.
4. Borrow money, except the Acquired Fund may borrow money to the extent permitted by (i) the Act, as amended from time to time, (ii) the rules and regulations promulgated by the Securities and Exchange Commission under the Act, as amended from time to time, or (iii) an exemption or other relief applicable to the Acquired Fund from the provisions of the Act, as amended from time to time.
5. Engage in the underwriting of securities, except insofar as the Acquired Fund may be deemed an underwriter under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, in disposing of a portfolio security.
6. Issue senior securities, except the Acquired Fund may issue senior securities to the extent permitted by (i) the Act, as amended from time to time, (ii) the rules and regulations promulgated by the Securities and Exchange Commission under the Act, as amended from time to time, or (iii) an exemption or other relief applicable to the Acquired Fund from the provisions of the Act, as amended from time to time.
7. Purchase or sell real estate, although it may purchase and sell securities of companies that deal in real estate and may purchase and sell securities that are secured by interests in real estate.
As a matter of operating policy, which may be changed by the Acquired Fund's Board of Directors without stockholder vote, the Acquired Fund may not:
1. Invest its assets in the securities of any investment company except as may be permitted by (i) the Act, as amended from time to time, (ii) the rules and regulations promulgated by the Securities and Exchange Commission under the Act, as amended from time to time or (iii) an exemption or other relief applicable to the Acquired Fund from the provisions of the Act, as amended from time to time.
2. Make short sales of securities, except short sales against the box.
Portfolio Manager
Other Accounts Managed by the Portfolio Manager
Because the portfolio managers may manage assets for other investment companies, pooled investment vehicles and/or other accounts (including institutional clients, pension plans and certain high net worth individuals), there may be an incentive to favor one client over another resulting in conflicts of interest. For instance, Morgan Stanley Investment Management Inc. (the "Adviser") may receive fees from certain accounts that are higher than the fee it receives from the Fund, or it may receive a performance-based fee on certain accounts. In those instances, the portfolio manager may have an incentive to favor the higher and/or performance-based fee accounts over the Acquired Fund. In addition, a conflict of interest could exist to the extent the Adviser has proprietary investments in certain accounts, where the portfolio manager has personal investments in certain accounts or when certain accounts are investment options in the Adviser's employee benefits and/or deferred compensation plans. The portfolio manager may have an incentive to favor these accounts over others. If the Adviser manages accounts that engage in short sales of securities of the type in which the Acquired Fund invests, the Adviser could be seen as
B-4
harming the performance of the Acquired Fund for the benefit of the accounts engaging in short sales if the short sales cause the market value of the securities to fall. The Adviser has adopted trade allocation and other policies and procedures that it believes are reasonably designed to address these and other conflicts of interest.
Portfolio Manager Compensation Structure
Portfolio managers receive a combination of base compensation and discretionary compensation, comprising a cash bonus and several deferred compensation programs described below. The methodology used to determine portfolio manager compensation is applied across all funds/accounts managed by the portfolio managers.
Base Salary Compensation. Generally, the portfolio managers receive base salary compensation based on the level of their position with the Adviser.
Discretionary Compensation. In addition to base compensation, the portfolio managers may receive discretionary compensation.
Discretionary compensation can include:
• Cash Bonus.
• Morgan Stanley's Long Term Incentive Compensation awards—a mandatory program that defers a portion of discretionary year-end compensation into restricted stock units or other awards based on Morgan Stanley common stock or other plans that are subject to vesting and other conditions. All long term incentive compensation awards are subject to clawback provisions where awards can be cancelled if an employee takes any action, or omits to take any action which; causes a restatement of Morgan Stanley's consolidated financial results; or constitutes a violation of Morgan Stanley's risk policies and standards.
• Investment Management Alignment Plan (IMAP) awards—a mandatory program that defers a portion of discretionary year-end compensation and notionally invests it in designated funds advised by the Adviser or its affiliates. The award is subject to vesting and other conditions. Portfolio managers must notionally invest a minimum of 25% to a maximum of 100% of their IMAP deferral account into a combination of the designated funds they manage that are included in the IMAP fund menu, which may or may not include the Acquired Fund. In addition to the clawbacks listed above for long term incentive compensation awards, the provision on IMAP awards is further strengthened such that it may also be triggered if an employee's actions cause substantial financial loss on a trading strategy, investment, commitment or other holding provided that previous gains on those positions were relevant to the employees' prior year compensation decisions.
• Voluntary Deferred Compensation Plans—voluntary programs that permit certain employees to elect to defer a portion of their discretionary year-end compensation and notionally invest the deferred amount across a range of designated investment funds, including funds advised by the Adviser or its affiliates.
Several factors determine discretionary compensation, which can vary by portfolio management team and circumstances. These factors include:
• Revenues generated by the investment companies, pooled investment vehicles and other accounts managed by the portfolio manager.
• The investment performance of the funds/accounts managed by the portfolio manager.
• Contribution to the business objectives of the Adviser.
• The dollar amount of assets managed by the portfolio manager.
• Market compensation survey research by independent third parties.
• Other qualitative factors, such as contributions to client objectives.
• Performance of Morgan Stanley and Morgan Stanley Investment Management, and the overall performance of the investment team(s) of which the portfolio manager is a member.
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Other Accounts Managed by Portfolio Manager as of March 31, 2012
Registered Investment Companies | Other Pooled Investment Vehicles | Other Accounts | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Portfolio Managers | Number of Accounts | Total Assets in the Accounts | Number of Accounts | Total Assets in the Accounts | Number of Accounts | Total Assets in the Accounts | |||||||||||||||||||||
Tim Drinkall | 1 | $87.7 million | 3 | $2.6 billion | 19 | (1) | $5.2 billion(1) |
(1) Of these other accounts, three accounts with a total of approximately $1.7 billion, had performance-based fees.
Securities Ownership of Portfolio Manager (as of March 31, 2012)
Portfolio Manager | Portfolio Holdings | ||||||
Tim Drinkall | None |
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
The Acquiring Fund is a newly created series of the Company and has not yet commenced operations. As a result, the Acquiring Fund has no financial statements.
The financial statements of the Acquired Fund, for the fiscal year ended October 31, 2011 and for the six months ended April 30, 2012, have been audited (except for the semi-annual report for the six months ended April 30, 2012) by Ernst & Young LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm. Ernst & Young LLP's report, along with the Acquired Fund's financial statements, are included in the Acquired Fund's Annual Report to Stockholders for the fiscal year ended October 31, 2011. The Acquired Fund's most recent financial statements (unaudited) are set forth in the Acquired Fund's Semi-Annual Report for the six months ended April 30, 2012. A copy of each report accompanies and is incorporated by reference in this SAI.
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MORGAN STANLEY INSTITUTIONAL FUND, INC.
Frontier Emerging Markets Portfolio
522 Fifth Avenue
New York, NY 10036
STATEMENT OF ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
June 26, 2012
Morgan Stanley Institutional Fund, Inc. (the "Fund") is a mutual fund consisting of 27 portfolios offering a variety of investment alternatives, one of which is included in this Statement of Additional Information ("SAI") (the "Portfolio"). The Portfolio offers Class I, Class P, Class H and Class L shares.
Share Class and Ticker Symbol | |||||||||||||||||||
Class I | Class P | Class H | Class L | ||||||||||||||||
Frontier Emerging Markets Portfolio | MFMIX | MFMPX | MFMHX | MFMLX |
This SAI is not a prospectus, but should be read in conjunction with the Portfolio's prospectus, dated June 26, 2012, as may be supplemented from time to time. To obtain the prospectus, please call the Fund toll-free at 1-800-548-7786.
The Portfolio is diversified and, as such, the Portfolio's investments are required to meet certain diversification requirements under federal securities law.
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Table of Contents | Page | ||||||
Investment Policies and Strategies | 2 | ||||||
Investment Limitations | 30 | ||||||
Disclosure of Portfolio Holdings | 31 | ||||||
Purchase of Shares | 33 | ||||||
Redemption of Shares | 35 | ||||||
Account Policies and Features | 37 | ||||||
Management of the Fund | 38 | ||||||
Investment Advisory and Other Services | 49 | ||||||
Distribution and Shareholder Services Plans | 52 | ||||||
Brokerage Practices | 53 | ||||||
General Information | 55 | ||||||
Taxes | 56 | ||||||
Control Persons and Principal Holders of Securities | 61 | ||||||
Performance Information | 62 | ||||||
Financial Statements | 62 | ||||||
Appendix A Morgan Stanley Investment Management Proxy Voting Policy and Procedures | A-1 | ||||||
INVESTMENT POLICIES AND STRATEGIES
This SAI provides additional information about the investment policies and operations of the Fund and the Portfolio. Morgan Stanley Investment Management Inc. (the "Adviser") acts as investment adviser to the Portfolio.
The following table summarizes the permissible strategies and investments for the Portfolio. The table should be used in conjunction with the investment summary for the Portfolio contained in the Portfolio's Prospectus in order to provide a more complete description of the Portfolio's investment policies. More details about each investment and related risks are provided in the discussion following the table.
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Frontier Emerging Markets | |||||||
Equity Securities: | |||||||
Common Stocks | a | ||||||
Depositary Receipts | a | ||||||
Preferred Stocks | a | ||||||
Rights | a | ||||||
Warrants | a | ||||||
IPOs | a | ||||||
Convertible Securities | a | ||||||
Limited Partnerships | a | ||||||
Investment Company Securities | a | ||||||
Exchange-Traded Funds | a | ||||||
Real Estate Investing | a | ||||||
—REITs | a | ||||||
—Foreign Real Estate Companies | a | ||||||
—Specialized Ownership Vehicles | a | ||||||
Fixed Income Securities: | |||||||
Investment Grade Securities | a | ||||||
High Yield Securities | a | ||||||
U.S. Government Securities | a | ||||||
Agencies | a | ||||||
Corporates | a | ||||||
Money Market Instruments | a | ||||||
Cash Equivalents | a | ||||||
Mortgage Related Securities | a | ||||||
Repurchase Agreements | a | ||||||
Municipals | a | ||||||
Asset-Backed Securities | a | ||||||
Loan Participations and Assignments | a | ||||||
Temporary Investments | a | ||||||
Zero Coupons, Pay-In-Kind Securities or Deferred Payment Securities | a | ||||||
Eurodollar and Yankee Dollar Obligations | a | ||||||
Foreign Investment: | |||||||
Foreign Equity Securities | a | ||||||
Foreign Government Fixed Income Securities | a | ||||||
Foreign Corporate Fixed Income Securities | a | ||||||
Emerging Market Securities | a | ||||||
Foreign Currency Transactions | a | ||||||
Brady Bonds | a | ||||||
Investment Funds | a | ||||||
Other Securities and Investment Strategies: | |||||||
Loans of Portfolio Securities | a | ||||||
Non-Publicly Traded Securities, Private Placements and Restricted Securities | a | ||||||
When-Issued and Delayed Delivery Securities | a | ||||||
Temporary Borrowing | a | ||||||
Reverse Repurchase Agreements | a | ||||||
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Frontier Emerging Markets | |||||||
Derivatives: | |||||||
Forwards | a | ||||||
Futures Contracts | a | ||||||
Swaps | a | ||||||
Structured Investments | a | ||||||
Combined Transactions | a | ||||||
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EQUITY SECURITIES
Equity securities generally represent an ownership interest in an issuer, or may be convertible into or represent a right to acquire an ownership interest in an issuer. While there are many types of equity securities, prices of all equity securities will fluctuate. Economic, political and other events may affect the prices of broad equity markets. For example, changes in inflation or consumer demand may affect the prices of equity securities generally in the United States. Similar events also may affect the prices of particular equity securities. For example, news about the success or failure of a new product may affect the price of a particular issuer's equity securities.
Common Stocks. Common stocks are equity securities representing an ownership interest in a corporation, entitling the stockholder to voting rights and receipt of dividends paid based on proportionate ownership.
Depositary Receipts. Depositary Receipts represent an ownership interest in securities of foreign companies (an "underlying issuer") that are deposited with a depositary. Depositary Receipts are not necessarily denominated in the same currency as the underlying securities. Depositary Receipts include American Depositary Receipts ("ADRs"), Global Depositary Receipts ("GDRs") and other types of depositary receipts (which, together with ADRs and GDRs, are hereinafter collectively referred to as "Depositary Receipts"). ADRs are dollar-denominated Depositary Receipts typically issued by a U.S. financial institution which evidence an ownership interest in a security or pool of securities issued by a foreign issuer. ADRs are listed and traded in the United States. ADRs also include American depositary shares. GDRs and other types of Depositary Receipts are typically issued by foreign banks or trust companies, although they also may be issued by U.S. financial institutions, and evidence ownership interests in a security or pool of securities issued by either a foreign or a U.S. corporation. Generally, depositary receipts in registered form are designed for use in the U.S. securities market and depositary receipts in bearer form are designed for use in securities markets outside the United States.
Depositary Receipts may be "sponsored" or "unsponsored." Sponsored Depositary Receipts are established jointly by a depositary and the underlying issuer, whereas unsponsored Depositary Receipts may be established by a depositary without participation by the underlying issuer. Holders of unsponsored Depositary Receipts generally bear all the costs associated with establishing unsponsored Depositary Receipts. In addition, the issuers of the securities underlying unsponsored Depository Receipts are not obligated to disclose material information in the United States and, therefore, there may be less information available regarding such issuers and there may not be a correlation between such information and the market value of the Depositary Receipts. For purposes of the Portfolio's investment policies, the Portfolio's investments in Depositary Receipts will be deemed to be an investment in the underlying securities, except that ADRs may be deemed to be issued by a U.S. issuer.
Preferred Stocks. Preferred stocks are securities that evidence ownership in a corporation which pay a fixed or variable stream of dividends. Preferred stocks have a preference over common stocks in the event of the liquidation of an issuer and usually do not carry voting rights. Because preferred stocks pay a fixed or variable stream of dividends, they have many of the characteristics of a fixed income security and are, therefore, included in both the definition of equity security and fixed income security.
Rights. Rights represent the right, but not the obligation, for a fixed period of time to purchase additional shares of an issuer's common stock at the time of a new issuance, usually at a price below the initial offering price of the common stock and before the common stock is offered to the general public. Rights are usually freely transferable. The risk of investing in a right is that the right may expire prior to the market value of the common stock exceeding the price fixed by the right.
Warrants. Warrants give holders the right, but not the obligation, to buy common stock of an issuer at a given price, usually higher than the market price at the time of issuance, during a specified period. Warrants are usually freely transferable. The risk of investing in a warrant is that the warrant may expire prior to the market value of the common stock exceeding the price fixed by the warrant.
IPOs. The Portfolio may purchase equity securities issued as part of, or a short period after, a company's initial public offering ("IPOs"), and may at times dispose of those securities shortly after their acquisition. The Portfolio's purchase of securities issued in IPOs exposes it to the risks associated with companies that have little operating history as public companies, as well as to the risks inherent in those sectors of the market where these issuers operate. The market for IPO issuers has been volatile, and share prices of newly-public companies have fluctuated significantly over short periods of time.
Convertible Securities. A convertible security is a bond, debenture, note, preferred stock, right, warrant or other security that may be converted into or exchanged for a prescribed amount of common stock or other security of the same or a different issuer or into cash within a particular period of time at a specified price or formula. A
5
convertible security generally entitles the holder to receive interest paid or accrued on debt securities or the dividend paid on preferred stock until the convertible security matures or is redeemed, converted or exchanged. Before conversion, convertible securities generally have characteristics similar to both debt and equity securities. The value of convertible securities tends to decline as interest rates rise and, because of the conversion feature, tends to vary with fluctuations in the market value of the underlying securities. Convertible securities ordinarily provide a stream of income with generally higher yields than those of common stock of the same or similar issuers. Convertible securities generally rank senior to common stock in a corporation's capital structure but are usually subordinated to comparable nonconvertible securities. Convertible securities generally do not participate directly in any dividend increases or decreases of the underlying securities although the market prices of convertible securities may be affected by any dividend changes or other changes in the underlying securities. Certain of the convertible securities in which the Portfolio may invest are rated below investment grade or are unrated. The prices of such securities are likely to be more sensitive to adverse economic changes, resulting in increased volatility of market prices of these securities during periods of economic uncertainty, or adverse individual corporate developments, than higher-rated securities. In addition, during an economic downturn or substantial period of rising interest rates, lower rated issuers may experience financial stress.
Limited Partnerships. A limited partnership interest entitles the Portfolio to participate in the investment return of the partnership's assets as defined by the agreement among the partners. As a limited partner, the Portfolio generally is not permitted to participate in the management of the partnership. However, unlike a general partner whose liability is not limited, a limited partner's liability generally is limited to the amount of its commitment to the partnership. The Portfolio may invest in limited liability company interests to the same extent it invests in limited partnership interests. Limited liability company interests have similar characteristics as limited partnership interests.
Investment Company Securities. Investment company securities are securities of other open-end, closed-end and unregistered investment companies, including foreign investment companies, hedge funds and exchange-traded funds. The Portfolio may invest in investment company securities as may be permitted by (i) the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended from time to time (the "1940 Act"); (ii) the rules and regulations promulgated by the United States Securities and Exchange Commission (the "SEC") under the 1940 Act, as amended from time to time; or (iii) an exemption or other relief applicable to the Portfolio from provisions of the 1940 Act, as amended from time to time. The 1940 Act generally prohibits an investment company from acquiring more than 3% of the outstanding voting shares of an investment company and limits such investments to no more than 5% of a portfolio's total assets in any one investment company, and no more than 10% in any combination of investment companies. The Portfolio may invest in investment company securities of investment companies managed by the Adviser or its affiliates to the extent permitted under the 1940 Act or as otherwise authorized by the SEC. To the extent the Portfolio invests a portion of its assets in investment company securities, those assets will be subject to the risks of the purchased investment company's portfolio securities, and a shareholder in any such Portfolio will bear not only his proportionate share of the expenses of the Portfolio, but also, indirectly the expenses of the purchased investment company.
To the extent permitted by applicable law, the Portfolio may invest all or some of its short term cash investments in any money market fund advised or managed by the Adviser or its affiliates. In connection with any such investments, the Portfolio, to the extent permitted by the 1940 Act, will pay its share of all expenses (other than advisory and administrative fees) of a money market fund in which it invests which may result in the Portfolio bearing some additional expenses.
Exchange-Traded Funds ("ETFs"). The Portfolio may invest in shares of various ETFs. Shares of ETFs have many of the same risks as direct investments in common stocks or bonds. In addition, their market value is expected to rise and fall as the value of the underlying index or bond rises and falls. The market value of their shares may differ from the net asset value of the particular fund. As a shareholder in an ETF (as with other investment companies), the Portfolio would bear its ratable share of that entity's expenses. At the same time, the Portfolio would continue to pay its own investment management fees and other expenses. As a result, the Portfolio and its shareholders, in effect, will be absorbing duplicate levels of fees with respect to investments in ETFs. Further, certain of the ETFs in which the Portfolio may invest are leveraged. The more the Portfolio invests in such leveraged ETFs, the more this leverage will magnify any losses on those investments.
Real Estate Investing. Investments in securities of issuers engaged in the real estate industry entail special risks and considerations. In particular, securities of such issuers may be subject to risks associated with the direct ownership of real estate. These risks include the cyclical nature of real estate values, risks related to general and local economic conditions, overbuilding and increased competition, increases in property taxes and operating
6
expenses, demographic trends and variations in rental income, changes in zoning laws, casualty or condemnation losses, environmental risks, regulatory limitations on rents, changes in neighborhood values, changes in the appeal of properties to tenants, increases in interest rates and other real estate capital market influences. Generally, increases in interest rates will increase the costs of obtaining financing, which could directly and indirectly decrease the value of the Portfolio's investments.
Real estate investment trusts ("REITs") and foreign real estate companies. The Portfolio may invest in REITs and/or foreign real estate companies, which are similar to entities organized and operated as REITs in the United States. REITs and foreign real estate companies pool investors' funds for investment primarily in real estate properties or real estate-related loans. REITs and foreign real estate companies generally derive their income from rents on the underlying properties or interest on the underlying loans, and their value is impacted by changes in the value of the underlying property or changes in interest rates affecting the underlying loans owned by the REITs and/or foreign real estate companies. REITs and foreign real estate companies are more susceptible to risks associated with the ownership of real estate and the real estate industry in general. These risks can include fluctuations in the value of underlying properties; defaults by borrowers or tenants; market saturation; changes in general and local economic conditions; decreases in market rates for rents; increases in competition, property taxes, capital expenditures or operating expenses; and other economic, political or regulatory occurrences affecting the real estate industry. In addition, REITs and foreign real estate companies depend upon specialized management skills, may not be diversified (which may increase the volatility of a REIT's and/or foreign real estate company's value), may have less trading volume and may be subject to more abrupt or erratic price movements than the overall securities market. Foreign real estate companies may be subject to laws, rules and regulations governing those entities and their failure to comply with those laws, rules and regulations could negatively impact the performance of those entities. Operating REITS and foreign real estate companies requires specialized management skills and a Portfolio indirectly bears management expenses along with the direct expenses of the Portfolio. REITs are not taxed on income distributed to shareholders provided they comply with several requirements of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the "Code"). REITs are subject to the risk of failing to qualify for tax-free pass-through of income under the Code.
Specialized Ownership Vehicles. Specialized ownership vehicles pool investors' funds for investment primarily in income-producing real estate or real estate-related loans or interests. Such specialized ownership vehicles in which the Portfolio may invest include property unit trusts, foreign real estate companies, REITs and other similar specialized investment vehicles. Investments in such specialized ownership vehicles may have favorable or unfavorable legal, regulatory or tax implications for the Portfolio and, to the extent such vehicles are structured similarly to investment funds, a shareholder in the Portfolio will bear not only his proportionate share of the expenses of the Portfolio, but also, indirectly the expenses of the specialized ownership vehicle.
FIXED INCOME SECURITIES
Fixed income securities generally represent an issuer's obligation to repay to the investor (or lender) the amount borrowed plus interest over a specified time period. A typical fixed income security specifies a fixed date when the amount borrowed (principal) is due in full, known as the maturity date, and specifies dates when periodic interest (coupon) payments will be made over the life of the security.
Fixed income securities come in many varieties and may differ in the way that interest is calculated, the amount and frequency of payments, the type of collateral, if any, and the presence of special features (e.g., conversion rights). Prices of fixed income securities fluctuate and, in particular, are subject to several key risks including, but not limited to, interest rate risk, credit risk, prepayment risk and spread risk.
Interest rate risk arises due to general changes in the level of market rates after the purchase of a fixed income security. Generally, the values of fixed income securities vary inversely with changes in interest rates. During periods of falling interest rates, the values of most outstanding fixed income securities generally rise and during periods of rising interest rates, the values of most fixed income securities generally decline. While fixed income securities with longer final maturities often have higher yields than those with shorter maturities, they usually possess greater price sensitivity to changes in interest rates and other factors. Traditionally, the remaining term to maturity has been used as a barometer of a fixed income security's sensitivity to interest rate changes. This measure, however, considers only the time until the final principal payment and takes no account of the pattern or amount of principal or interest payments prior to maturity. Duration combines consideration of yield, coupon, interest and principal payments, final maturity and call (prepayment) features. Duration measures the likely percentage change in a fixed income security's price for a small parallel shift in the general level of interest rates;
7
it is also an estimate of the weighted average life of the remaining cash flows of a fixed income security. In almost all cases, the duration of a fixed income security is shorter than its term to maturity.
Credit risk, also known as default risk, represents the possibility that an issuer may be unable to meet scheduled interest and principal payment obligations. It is most often associated with corporate bonds, although it can be present in other fixed income securities as well (note that the market generally assumes that obligations of the U.S. Treasury are free from credit risk). Credit ratings and quantitative models attempt to measure the degree of credit risk in fixed income securities, and provide insight as to whether prevailing yield spreads afford sufficient compensation for such risk. Other things being equal, fixed income securities with high degrees of credit risk should trade in the market at lower prices (and higher yields) than fixed income securities with low degrees of credit risk.
Prepayment risk, also known as call risk, arises due to the issuer's ability to prepay all or most of the fixed income security prior to the stated final maturity date. Prepayments generally rise in response to a decline in interest rates as debtors take advantage of the opportunity to refinance their obligations. This risk is often associated with mortgage securities where the underlying mortgage loans can be refinanced, although it can also be present in corporate or other types of bonds with call provisions. When a prepayment occurs, the Portfolio may be forced to reinvest in lower yielding fixed income securities. Quantitative models are designed to help assess the degree of prepayment risk, and provide insight as to whether prevailing yield spreads afford sufficient compensation for such risk.
Spread risk is the potential for the value of the Portfolio's assets to fall due to the widening of spreads. Fixed income securities generally compensate for greater credit risk by paying interest at a higher rate. The difference (or "spread") between the yield of a security and the yield of a benchmark, such as a U.S. Treasury security with a comparable maturity, measures the additional interest paid for credit risk. As the spread on a security widens (or increases), the price (or value) of the security falls. Spread widening may occur, among other reasons, as a result of market concerns over the stability of the market, excess supply, general credit concerns in other markets, security- or market-specific credit concerns or general reductions in risk tolerance.
Economic, political and other events also may affect the prices of broad fixed income markets, although the risks associated with such events are transmitted to the market via changes in the prevailing levels of interest rates, credit risk, prepayment risk or spread risk.
Investment Grade Securities. Investment grade securities are fixed income securities rated by one or more of the rating agencies in one of the four highest rating categories at the time of purchase (e.g., AAA, AA, A or BBB by Standard & Poor's Rating Group, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. ("S&P"), or Fitch Ratings ("Fitch"), or Aaa, Aa, A or Baa by Moody's Investors Service, Inc. ("Moody's")) or determined to be of equivalent quality by the Adviser. Securities rated BBB or Baa represent the lowest of four levels of investment grade securities and are regarded as borderline between definitely sound obligations and those in which the speculative element begins to predominate. Ratings assigned to fixed income securities represent only the opinion of the rating agency assigning the rating and are not dispositive of the credit risk associated with the purchase of a particular fixed income security. Moreover, market risk also will affect the prices of even the highest rated fixed income securities so that their prices may rise or fall even if the issuer's capacity to repay its obligations remains unchanged.
High Yield Securities. High yield securities are generally considered to include fixed income securities rated below the four highest rating categories at the time of purchase (e.g., Ba through C by Moody's, or BB through D by S&P or Fitch) and unrated fixed income securities considered by the Adviser to be of equivalent quality. High yield securities are not considered investment grade and are commonly referred to as "junk bonds" or high yield, high risk securities. Investment grade securities that the Portfolio holds may be downgraded to below investment grade by the rating agencies. If the Portfolio holds a security that is downgraded, the Portfolio may choose to retain the security.
While high yield securities offer higher yields, they also normally carry a high degree of credit risk and are considered speculative by the major credit rating agencies. High yield securities may be issued as a consequence of corporate restructuring or similar events. High yield securities are often issued by smaller, less creditworthy issuers, or by highly leveraged (indebted) issuers, that are generally less able than more established or less leveraged issuers to make scheduled payments of interest and principal. In comparison to investment grade securities, the price movement of these securities is influenced less by changes in interest rates and more by the financial and business position of the issuer. The values of high yield securities are more volatile and may react with greater sensitivity to market changes.
8
U.S. Government Securities. U.S. government securities refers to a variety of fixed income securities issued or guaranteed by the U.S. Government and various instrumentalities and agencies. The U.S. government securities that the Portfolio may purchase include U.S. Treasury bills, notes and bonds, all of which are direct obligations of the U.S. Government. In addition, the Portfolio may purchase securities issued by agencies and instrumentalities of the U.S. Government which are backed by the full faith and credit of the United States. Among the agencies and instrumentalities issuing these obligations are the Government National Mortgage Association ("Ginnie Mae") and the Federal Housing Administration ("FHA"). The Portfolio may also purchase securities issued by agencies and instrumentalities which are not backed by the full faith and credit of the United States, but whose issuing agency or instrumentality has the right to borrow, to meet its obligations, from the U.S. Treasury. Among these agencies and instrumentalities are the Federal National Mortgage Association ("Fannie Mae"), the Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation ("Freddie Mac") and the Federal Home Loan Banks. Further, the Portfolio may purchase securities issued by agencies and instrumentalities which are backed solely by the credit of the issuing agency or instrumentality. Among these agencies and instrumentalities is the Federal Farm Credit System.
Agencies. Agencies refer to fixed income securities issued or guaranteed by federal agencies and U.S. government sponsored instrumentalities. They may or may not be backed by the full faith and credit of the U.S. Government. If they are not backed by the full faith and credit of the United States, the investor must look principally to the agency or instrumentality issuing or guaranteeing the obligation for ultimate repayment, and may not be able to assert a claim against the United States itself in the event the agency or instrumentality does not meet its commitment. Agencies which are backed by the full faith and credit of the United States include the Export-Import Bank, Farmers Home Administration, Federal Financing Bank and others. Certain debt issued by Resolution Funding Corporation has both its principal and interest backed by the full faith and credit of the U.S. Treasury in that its principal is backed by U.S. Treasury zero coupon issues, while the U.S. Treasury is explicitly required to advance funds sufficient to pay interest on it, if needed. Certain agencies and instrumentalities, such as Ginnie Mae, are, in effect, backed by the full faith and credit of the United States through provisions in their charters that they may make "indefinite and unlimited" drawings on the Treasury, if needed to service its debt. Debt from certain other agencies and instrumentalities, including the Federal Home Loan Bank and Fannie Mae, are not guaranteed by the United States, but those institutions are protected by the discretionary authority of the U.S. Treasury to purchase certain amounts of their securities to assist them in meeting their debt obligations. Finally, other agencies and instrumentalities, such as the Farm Credit System, are federally chartered institutions under U.S. government supervision, but their debt securities are backed only by the credit worthiness of those institutions, not the U.S. Government. Some of the U.S. government agencies that issue or guarantee securities include the Export-Import Bank of the United States, Farmers Home Administration, FHA, Maritime Administration, Small Business Administration and The Tennessee Valley Authority ("TVA"). An instrumentality of the U.S. Government is a government agency organized under federal charter with government supervision. Instrumentalities issuing or guaranteeing securities include, among others, Federal Home Loan Banks, the Federal Land Banks, Central Bank for Cooperatives, Federal Intermediate Credit Banks and Fannie Mae.
In September 2008, the U.S. Treasury Department announced that the U.S. Government would be taking over Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac and placing the companies into a conservatorship. In addition, the U.S. Treasury announced additional steps that it intended to take with respect to the debt and mortgage-backed securities issued by Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac in order to support the conservatorship. No assurance can be given that these initiatives will be successful. The maximum potential liability of the issuers of some U.S. government securities held by the Portfolio may greatly exceed their current resources, including their legal right to support from the U.S. Treasury. It is possible that these issuers will not have the funds to meet their payment obligations in the future.
An instrumentality of the U.S. Government is a government agency organized under federal charter with government supervision. Instrumentalities issuing or guaranteeing securities include, among others, Federal Home Loan Banks, the Federal Land Banks, Central Bank for Cooperatives, Federal Intermediate Credit Banks and Fannie Mae.
Corporates. Corporates are fixed income securities issued by private businesses. Holders, as creditors, have a prior legal claim over holders of equity securities of the issuer as to both income and assets for the principal and interest due the holder.
Money Market Instruments. Money market instruments are high quality short-term fixed income securities. Money market instruments may include obligations of governments, government agencies, banks, corporations and special purpose entities and repurchase agreements relating to these obligations. Certain money market instruments may be denominated in a foreign currency.
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Cash Equivalents. Cash equivalents are short-term fixed income securities comprising:
(1) Time deposits, certificates of deposit (including marketable variable rate certificates of deposit) and bankers' acceptances issued by a commercial bank or savings and loan association. Time deposits are non-negotiable deposits maintained in a banking institution for a specified period of time at a stated interest rate. Certificates of deposit are negotiable short-term obligations issued by commercial banks or savings and loan associations against funds deposited in the issuing institution. Variable rate certificates of deposit are certificates of deposit on which the interest rate is periodically adjusted prior to their stated maturity based upon a specified market rate. A bankers' acceptance is a time draft drawn on a commercial bank by a borrower, usually in connection with an international commercial transaction (to finance the import, export, transfer or storage of goods).
The Portfolio may invest in obligations of U.S. banks, foreign branches of U.S. banks (Eurodollars) and U.S. branches of foreign banks (Yankee dollars). Eurodollar and Yankee dollar investments will involve some of the same risks of investing in international securities that are discussed in various foreign investing sections of this SAI.
The Portfolio will not invest in any security issued by a commercial bank unless (i) the bank has total assets of at least $1 billion, or the equivalent in other currencies or, in the case of domestic banks which do not have total assets of at least $1 billion, the aggregate investment made in any one such bank is limited to $250,000 principal amount per certificate (a temporary increase from $100,000, which is due to expire on December 31, 2013) and the principal amount of such investment is insured in full by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation ("FDIC"), (ii) in the case of U.S. banks, it is a member of the FDIC and (iii) in the case of foreign branches of U.S. banks, the security is deemed by the Adviser to be of an investment quality comparable with other debt securities which the Portfolio may purchase;
(2) The Portfolio may invest in commercial paper (see below) rated at time of purchase by one or more nationally recognized statistical rating organizations ("NRSROs") in one of their two highest categories (e.g., A-l or A-2 by S&P or Prime 1 or Prime 2 by Moody's) or, if not rated, issued by a corporation having an outstanding unsecured debt issue rated high-grade by an NRSRO (e.g., A or better by Moody's, S&P or Fitch);
(3) Short-term corporate obligations rated high-grade at the time of purchase by an NRSRO (e.g., A or better by Moody's, S&P or Fitch);
(4) U.S. government obligations, including bills, notes, bonds and other debt securities issued by the U.S. Treasury. These are direct obligations of the U.S. Government and differ mainly in interest rates, maturities and dates of issue;
(5) Government agency securities issued or guaranteed by U.S. government sponsored instrumentalities and Federal agencies. These include securities issued by the Federal Home Loan Banks, Federal Land Bank, Farmers Home Administration, Farm Credit Banks, Federal Intermediate Credit Bank, Fannie Mae, Federal Financing Bank, TVA and others; and
(6) Repurchase agreements collateralized by the securities listed above.
Commercial Paper. Commercial paper refers to short-term fixed income securities with maturities ranging from 1 to 270 days. They are primarily issued by corporations needing to finance large amounts of receivables, but may be issued by banks and other borrowers. Commercial paper is issued either directly or through broker-dealers, and may be discounted or interest bearing. Commercial paper is unsecured, but is almost always backed by bank lines of credit. Virtually all commercial paper is rated by Moody's or S&P.
Commercial paper rated A-1 by S&P has the following characteristics: (1) liquidity ratios are adequate to meet cash requirements; (2) long-term senior debt is rated "A" or better; (3) the issuer has access to at least two additional channels of borrowing; (4) basic earnings and cash flow have an upward trend with allowance made for unusual circumstances; (5) typically, the issuer's industry is well established and the issuer has a strong position within the industry; and (6) the reliability and quality of management are unquestioned. Relative strength or weakness of the above factors determine whether the issuer's commercial paper is A-1, A-2 or A-3.
The rating Prime-1 is the highest commercial paper rating assigned by Moody's. Among the factors considered by Moody's in assigning ratings are the following: (1) evaluation of the management of the issuer; (2) economic evaluation of the issuer's industry or industries and the appraisal of speculative-type risks which may be inherent in certain areas; (3) evaluation of the issuer's products in relation to competition and customer acceptance; (4) liquidity; (5) amount and quality of long-term debt; (6) trend of earnings over a period of ten years; (7) financial strength of a parent company and the relationships that exist with the issuer; and (8) recognition by
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the management of obligations which may be present or may arise as a result of public interest questions and preparations to meet such obligations.
Mortgage Related Securities. Mortgage related securities are securities that, directly or indirectly, represent a participation in, or are secured by and payable from, mortgage loans on real property. Mortgage related securities include collateralized mortgage obligations and mortgage-backed securities issued or guaranteed by agencies or instrumentalities of the U.S. Government or by private sector entities.
Mortgage-Backed Securities. With mortgage-backed securities ("MBSs"), many mortgagees' obligations to make monthly payments to their lending institution are pooled together and passed through to investors. The pools are assembled by various governmental, Government-related and private organizations. The Portfolio may invest in securities issued or guaranteed by Ginnie Mae, Freddie Mac or Fannie Mae, private issuers and other government agencies. MBSs issued by non-agency issuers, whether or not such securities are subject to guarantees, may entail greater risk, since private issuers may not be able to meet their obligations under the policies. If there is no guarantee provided by the issuer, the Portfolio will purchase only MBSs that, at the time of purchase, are rated investment grade by one or more NRSROs or, if unrated, are deemed by the Adviser to be of comparable quality.
MBSs are issued or guaranteed by private sector originators of or investors in mortgage loans and structured similarly to governmental pass-through securities. Because private pass-throughs typically lack a guarantee by an entity having the credit status of a governmental agency or instrumentality, however, they are generally structured with one or more of the types of credit enhancement described below. Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac obligations are not backed by the full faith and credit of the U.S. Government as GNMA certificates are. Freddie Mac securities are supported by the Freddie Mac's right to borrow from the U.S. Treasury. Each of GNMA, Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac guarantees timely distributions of interest to certificate holders. Each of GNMA and Fannie Mae also guarantees timely distributions of scheduled principal. Although Freddie Mac has in the past guaranteed only the ultimate collection of principal of the underlying mortgage loan, Freddie Mac now issues MBSs (Freddie Mac Gold PCS) that also guarantee timely payment of monthly principal reductions. Resolution Funding Corporation ("REFCORP") obligations are backed, as to principal payments, by zero coupon U.S. Treasury bonds and, as to interest payments, ultimately by the U.S. Treasury.
There are two methods of trading MBSs. A specified pool transaction is a trade in which the pool number of the security to be delivered on the settlement date is known at the time the trade is made. This is in contrast with the typical MBS transaction, called a TBA ("To Be Announced") transaction, in which the type of MBS to be delivered is specified at the time of trade but the actual pool numbers of the securities that will be delivered are not known at the time of the trade. The pool numbers of the pools to be delivered at settlement are announced shortly before settlement takes place. The terms of the TBA trade may be made more specific if desired. Generally, agency pass-through MBSs are traded on a TBA basis.
Like fixed income securities in general, MBSs will generally decline in price when interest rates rise. Rising interest rates also tend to discourage refinancings of home mortgages, with the result that the average life of MBSs held by the Portfolio may be lengthened. As average life extends, price volatility generally increases. This extension of average life causes the market price of the MBSs to decrease further when interest rates rise than if their average lives were fixed. However, when interest rates fall, mortgages may not enjoy as large a gain in market value due to prepayment risk because additional mortgage prepayments must be reinvested at lower interest rates. Faster prepayment will shorten the average life and slower prepayments will lengthen it. However, it is possible to determine what the range of the average life movement could be and to calculate the effect that it will have on the price of the MBS. In selecting MBSs, the Adviser looks for those that offer a higher yield to compensate for any variation in average maturity. If the underlying mortgage assets experience greater than anticipated prepayments of principal, the Portfolio may fail to fully recoup its initial investment in these securities, even if the security is in one of the highest rating categories. The Portfolio may invest, without limit, in MBSs issued by private issuers when the Adviser deems that the quality of the investment, the quality of the issuer, and market conditions warrant such investments. The Portfolio will purchase securities issued by private issuers that are rated investment grade at the time of purchase by Moody's, Fitch or S&P or are deemed by the Adviser to be of comparable investment quality.
Fannie Mae Certificates. Fannie Mae is a federally chartered and privately owned corporation organized and existing under the Federal National Mortgage Association Charter Act of 1938. Each Fannie Mae certificate represents a pro rata interest in one or more pools of mortgage loans insured by the FHA under the Housing Act, or Title V of the Housing Act of 1949 ("FHA Loans"), or guaranteed by the Department of Veteran Affairs under the Servicemen's Readjustment Act of 1944, as amended ("VA Loans") or conventional mortgage loans (i.e., mortgage loans that are not insured or guaranteed by any governmental agency) of the following types: (i) fixed
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rate level payment mortgage loans; (ii) fixed rate growing equity mortgage loans; (iii) fixed rate graduated payment mortgage loans; (iv) variable rate California mortgage loans; (v) other adjustable rate mortgage loans; and (vi) fixed rate and adjustable mortgage loans secured by multi-family projects.
Freddie Mac Certificates. Freddie Mac is a corporate instrumentality of the United States created pursuant to the Emergency Home Finance Act of 1970, as amended (the "FHLMC Act"). Freddie Mac certificates represent a pro rata interest in a group of mortgage loans (a "Freddie Mac Certificate group") purchased by Freddie Mac. The mortgage loans underlying the Freddie Mac Certificates consist of fixed rate or adjustable rate mortgage loans with original terms to maturity of between ten and thirty years, substantially all of which are secured by first liens on one-to-four-family residential properties or multi-family projects. Each mortgage loan must meet the applicable standards set forth in the FHLMC Act. A Freddie Mac Certificate group may include whole loans, participation interests in whole loans and undivided interests in whole loans and participations comprising another Freddie Mac Certificate group.
In September 2008, the U.S. Treasury Department announced that the government would be taking over Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac and placing the companies into a conservatorship. In addition, the U.S. Treasury announced three additional steps that it intended to take with respect to Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac in order to support the conservatorship. First, the U.S. Treasury entered into "Preferred Stock Purchase Agreements" (PSPAs) under which, if the Federal Housing Finance Agency ("FHFA") determines that Fannie Mae's or Freddie Mac's liabilities exceed its assets under generally accepted accounting principles, the U.S. Treasury will contribute cash capital to the company in an amount equal to the difference between liabilities and assets. The PSPAs are designed to provide protection to the senior and subordinated debt and the mortgage-backed securities issued by Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac. Second, the U.S. Treasury established a new secured lending credit facility that was available to Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac until December 2009. Third, the U.S. Treasury initiated a temporary program to purchase Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac mortgage-backed securities, which terminated in December 2009. In addition, the Federal Reserve exercised its separate authority in 2009 to purchase mortgage-backed securities of Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac. While the U.S. Treasury is committed to offset negative equity at Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac through its stock purchases, no assurance can be given that the Federal Reserve, U.S. Treasury, or FHFA initiatives discussed above will ensure that Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac will remain successful in meeting their obligations with respect to the debt and mortgage-backed securities they issue.
Ginnie Mae Certificates. Ginnie Mae is a wholly-owned corporate instrumentality of the United States within the Department of Housing and Urban Development. The National Housing Act of 1934, as amended (the "Housing Act"), authorizes Ginnie Mae to guarantee the timely payment of the principal and interest on certificates that are based on and backed by a pool of FHA Loans, VA Loans or by pools of other eligible mortgage loans. The Housing Act provides that the full faith and credit of the U.S. Government is pledged to the payment of all amounts that may be required to be paid under any guaranty. In order to meet its obligations under such guaranty, Ginnie Mae is authorized to borrow from the U.S. Treasury with no limitations as to amount.
Each Ginnie Mae certificate represents a pro rata interest in one or more of the following types of mortgage loans: (i) fixed rate level payment mortgage loans; (ii) fixed rate graduated payment mortgage loans; (iii) fixed rate growing equity mortgage loans; (iv) fixed rate mortgage loans secured by manufactured (mobile) homes; (v) mortgage loans on multi-family residential properties under construction; (vi) mortgage loans on completed multi-family projects; (vii) fixed rate mortgage loans as to which escrowed funds are used to reduce the borrower's monthly payments during the early years of the mortgage loans ("buydown" mortgage loans); (viii) mortgage loans that provide for adjustments in payments based on periodic changes in interest rates or in other payment terms of the mortgage loans; and (ix) mortgage-backed serial notes. All of these mortgage loans will be FHA Loans or VA loans and, except as otherwise specified above, will be fully-amortizing loans secured by first liens on one to four-family housing units.
Collateralized Mortgage Obligations. The Portfolio may invest in collateralized mortgage obligations ("CMOs"), which are mortgage-backed securities that are collateralized by mortgage loans or mortgage pass-through securities, and multi-class pass-through securities, which are equity interests in a trust composed of mortgage loans or other mortgage-backed securities. Unless the context indicates otherwise, the discussion of CMOs below also applies to multi-class pass through securities.
CMOs may be issued by governmental or government-related entities or by private entities, such as banks, savings and loan institutions, private mortgage insurance companies, mortgage bankers and other secondary market traders. CMOs are issued in multiple classes, often referred to as "tranches," with each tranche having a specific fixed or floating coupon rate and stated maturity or final distribution date. Under the traditional CMO
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structure, the cash flows generated by the mortgages or mortgage pass-through securities in the collateral pool are used to first pay interest and then pay principal to the holders of the CMOs. Subject to the various provisions of individual CMO issues, the cash flow generated by the underlying collateral (to the extent it exceeds the amount required to pay the stated interest) is used to retire the bonds.
The principal and interest on the underlying collateral may be allocated among the several tranches of a CMO in innumerable ways. In a common CMO structure, the tranches are retired sequentially in the order of their respective stated maturities or final distribution dates (as opposed to the pro-rata return of principal found in traditional pass-through obligations). The fastest-pay tranches would initially receive all principal payments. When those tranches are retired, the next tranches in the sequence receive all of the principal payments until they are retired. The sequential retirement of bond groups continues until the last tranche is retired. Accordingly, the CMO structure allows the issuer to use cash flows of long maturity, monthly-pay collateral to formulate securities with short, intermediate, and long final maturities and expected average lives and risk characteristics.
The primary risk of CMOs is the uncertainty of the timing of cash flows that results from the rate of prepayments on the underlying mortgages serving as collateral and from the structure of the particular CMO transaction (that is, the priority of the individual tranches). An increase or decrease in prepayment rates (resulting from a decrease or increase in mortgage interest rates) may cause the CMOs to be retired substantially earlier than their stated maturities or final distribution dates and will affect the yield and price of CMOs. In addition, the collateral securing CMOs or any third party guarantees are insufficient to make payments, the Portfolio could sustain a loss. The prices of certain CMOs, depending on their structure and the rate of prepayments, can be volatile. Some CMOs may also not be as liquid as other types of mortgage securities. As a result, it may be difficult or impossible to sell the securities at an advantageous time or price.
New types of CMO tranches have evolved. These include floating rate CMOs, planned amortization classes, accrual bonds and CMO residuals. These newer structures affect the amount and timing of principal and interest received by each tranche from the underlying collateral. Under certain of these newer structures, given classes of CMOs have priority over others with respect to the receipt of prepayments on the mortgages. Therefore, depending on the type of CMOs in which the Portfolio invests, the investment may be subject to a greater or lesser risk of prepayment than other types of mortgage-backed securities.
CMOs may include real estate investment conduits ("REMICs"). REMICs, which were authorized under the Tax Reform Act of 1986, are private entities formed for the purpose of holding a fixed pool of mortgages secured by an interest in real property. A REMIC is a CMO that qualifies for special tax treatment under the Internal Revenue Code and invests in certain mortgages principally secured by interests in real property.
The Portfolio may invest in, among others, parallel pay CMOs and Planned Amortization Class CMOs ("PAC Bonds"). Parallel pay CMOs are structured to provide payments of principal on each payment date to more than one tranche. These simultaneous payments are taken into account in calculating the stated maturity date or final distribution date of each tranche which, as with other CMO structures, must be retired by its stated maturity date or final distribution date but may be retired earlier. PAC Bonds are a form of parallel pay CMO, with the required principal payment on such securities having the highest priority after interest has been paid to all classes. PAC Bonds generally require payments of a specified amount of principal on each payment date.
Stripped Mortgage-Backed Securities. The Portfolio may invest in stripped mortgage-backed securities ("SMBS"). A SMBS is a derivative multi-class mortgage security. SMBS usually are structured with two classes that receive different proportions of the interest and principal distribution on a pool of mortgage assets. In the most extreme case, one class will receive all of the interest (the interest-only or "IO" class), while the other class will receive all of the principal (the principal-only or "PO" class). The yield to maturity on an IO class is extremely sensitive to the rate of principal payments (including prepayments) on the related underlying mortgage assets, and a rapid rate of principal payments may have a material adverse effect on such security's yield to maturity. If the underlying mortgage assets experience greater than anticipated prepayments of principal, the Portfolio may fail to fully recoup its initial investment in these securities. Conversely, if the underlying mortgage assets experience less than anticipated prepayments of principal, the yield of POs could be materially adversely affected. The market values of IOs and POs are subject to greater risk of fluctuation in response to changes in market rates of interest than many other types of government securities. To the extent the Portfolio invests in IOs and POs, this increases the risk of fluctuations in the net asset value of the Portfolio.
Credit Enhancement. Mortgage related securities are often backed by a pool of assets representing the obligations of a number of parties. To lessen the effect of failure by obligors on underlying assets to make payments, these securities may have various types of credit support. Credit support falls into two primary
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categories: (i) liquidity protection, and (ii) protection against losses resulting from ultimate default by an obligor on the underlying assets. Liquidity protection generally refers to the provision of advances, typically by the entity administering the pool of assets, to ensure that the pass-through of payments due on the underlying pool occurs in a timely fashion. Protection against losses resulting from ultimate default enhances the likelihood of ultimate payment of the obligations on at least a portion of the assets in the pool. Such protection may be provided through guarantees, insurance policies or letters of credit obtained by the issuer or sponsor from third parties (referred to herein as "third party credit support"), through various means of structuring the transaction or through a combination of such approaches.
The ratings of mortgage related securities for which third party credit enhancement provides liquidity protection or protection against losses from default are generally dependent upon the continued creditworthiness of the provider of the credit enhancement. The ratings of such securities could decline in the event of deterioration in the creditworthiness of the credit enhancement provider even in cases where the delinquency and loss experience on the underlying pool of assets is better than expected.
Examples of credit support arising out of the structure of the transaction include "senior-subordinated securities" (multiple class securities with one or more classes subordinate to other classes as to the payment of principal and interest thereon, with defaults on the underlying assets being borne first by the holders of the most subordinated class), creation of "reserve funds" (where cash or investments, sometimes funded from a portion of the payments on the underlying assets, are held in reserve against future losses) and "over-collateralization" (where the scheduled payments on, or the principal amount of, the underlying assets exceed those required to make payment of the securities and pay any servicing or other fees). The degree of credit support provided for each security is generally based on historical information with respect to the level of credit risk associated with the underlying assets. Delinquency or loss in excess of that which is anticipated could adversely affect the return on an investment in such a security.
Repurchase Agreements. Repurchase agreements are transactions in which the Portfolio purchases a security or basket of securities and simultaneously commits to resell that security or basket to the seller (a bank, broker or dealer) at a mutually agreed upon date and price. The resale price reflects the purchase price plus an agreed upon market rate of interest which is unrelated to the coupon rate or date of maturity of the purchased security. The term of these agreements is usually from overnight to one week, and never exceeds one year. Repurchase agreements with a term of over seven days are considered illiquid.
In these transactions, the Portfolio receives securities that have a market value at least equal to the purchase price (including accrued interest) of the repurchase agreement, and this value is maintained during the term of the agreement. These securities are held by the Fund's custodian or an approved third party for the benefit of the Portfolio until repurchased. Repurchase agreements permit the Portfolio to remain fully invested while retaining overnight flexibility to pursue investments of a longer-term nature. If the seller defaults and the value of the repurchased securities declines, the Portfolio might incur a loss. If bankruptcy proceedings are commenced with respect to the seller, the Portfolio's realization upon the collateral may be delayed.
While repurchase agreements involve certain risks not associated with direct investments in debt securities, the Portfolio follows procedures approved by the Directors that are designed to minimize such risks. These procedures include effecting repurchase transactions only with large, well-capitalized and well-established financial institutions whose financial condition will be continually monitored by the Adviser. In addition, as described above, the value of the collateral underlying the repurchase agreement will be at least equal to the repurchase price, including any accrued interest earned on the repurchase agreement. In the event of a default or bankruptcy by a selling financial institution, the Portfolio will seek to liquidate such collateral. However, the exercising of the Portfolio's right to liquidate such collateral could involve certain costs or delays and, to the extent that proceeds from any sale upon a default of the obligation to repurchase were less than the repurchase price, the Portfolio could suffer a loss.
Pursuant to an order issued by the SEC, the Portfolio may pool its daily uninvested cash balances in order to invest in repurchase agreements on a joint basis with other investment companies advised by the Adviser. By entering into repurchase agreements on a joint basis, the Portfolio expects to incur lower transaction costs and potentially obtain higher rates of interest on such repurchase agreements. The Portfolio's participation in the income from jointly purchased repurchase agreements will be based on that Portfolio's percentage share in the total repurchase agreement.
Municipals. Municipal securities are fixed income securities issued by local, state and regional governments that provide interest income which is exempt from federal income taxes. Municipals include both municipal bonds
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(those securities with maturities of five years or more) and municipal notes (those with maturities of less than five years). Municipal bonds are issued for a wide variety of reasons: to construct public facilities, such as airports, highways, bridges, schools, hospitals, mass transportation, streets, water and sewer works; to obtain funds for operating expenses; to refund outstanding municipal obligations; and to loan funds to various public institutions and facilities. Certain industrial development bonds are also considered municipal bonds if their interest is exempt from federal income tax. Industrial development bonds are issued by, or on behalf of, public authorities to obtain funds for various privately-operated manufacturing facilities, housing, sports arenas, convention centers, airports, mass transportation systems and water, gas or sewage works. Industrial development bonds are ordinarily dependent on the credit quality of a private user, not the public issuer.
The two principal classifications of municipal bonds are "general obligation" and "revenue" or "special tax" bonds. General obligation bonds are secured by the issuer's pledge of its full faith, credit and taxing power for the payment of principal and interest. Revenue or special tax bonds are payable only from the revenues derived from a particular facility or class of facilities or, in some cases, from the proceeds of a special excise or other tax, but not from general tax revenues.
Industrial revenue bonds in most cases are revenue bonds and generally do not have the pledge of the credit of the issuer. The payment of the principal and interest on such industrial revenue bonds is dependent solely on the ability of the user of the facilities financed by the bonds to meet its financial obligations and the pledge, if any, of real and personal property so financed as security for such payment. Short-term municipal obligations issued by states, cities, municipalities or municipal agencies, include tax anticipation notes, revenue anticipation notes, bond anticipation notes, construction loan notes and short-term discount notes.
Municipal notes are issued to meet the short-term funding requirements of local, regional and state governments. Municipal notes include bond anticipation notes, revenue anticipation notes and tax and revenue anticipation notes. These are short-term debt obligations issued by state and local governments to aid cash flows while waiting for taxes or revenue to be collected, at which time the debt is retired. Other types of municipal notes in which the Portfolio may invest are construction loan notes, short-term discount notes, tax-exempt commercial paper, demand notes and similar instruments.
Municipal bonds generally include debt obligations issued by states and their political subdivisions, and duly constituted authorities and corporations, to obtain funds to construct, repair or improve various public facilities such as airports, bridges, highways, hospitals, housing, schools, streets and water and sewer works. Municipal bonds may also be issued to refinance outstanding obligations as well as to obtain funds for general operating expenses and for loans to other public institutions and facilities.
Note obligations with demand or put options may have a stated maturity in excess of one year, but permit any holder to demand payment of principal plus accrued interest upon a specified number of days' notice. Frequently, such obligations are secured by letters of credit or other credit support arrangements provided by banks. The issuer of such notes normally has a corresponding right, after a given period, to repay at its discretion the outstanding principal of the note plus accrued interest upon a specific number of days' notice to the bondholders. The interest rate on a demand note may be based upon a known lending rate, such as the prime lending rate, and be adjusted when such rate changes, or the interest rate on a demand note may be a market rate that is adjusted at specified intervals. Each note purchased by the Portfolio will meet the quality criteria set out in the prospectus for the Portfolio.
The yields of municipal bonds depend on, among other things, general money market conditions, conditions in the municipal bond market, the size of a particular offering, the maturity of the obligation, and the rating of the issue. The ratings of Moody's and S&P represent their opinions of the quality of the municipal bonds rated by them. It should be emphasized that such ratings are general and are not absolute standards of quality. Consequently, municipal bonds with the same maturity, coupon and rating may have different yields, while municipal bonds of the same maturity and coupon, but with different ratings, may have the same yield. It will be the responsibility of the Adviser to appraise independently the fundamental quality of the bonds held by the Portfolio.
Municipal bonds are sometimes purchased on a "when-issued" or "delayed-delivery" basis, which means the Portfolio has committed to purchase certain specified securities at an agreed upon price when they are issued. The period between commitment date and issuance date can be a month or more. It is possible that the securities will never be issued and the commitment canceled.
From time to time proposals have been introduced before Congress to restrict or eliminate the federal income tax exemption for interest on municipal bonds. Similar proposals may be introduced in the future. If any such proposal were enacted, it might restrict or eliminate the ability of the Portfolio to achieve its investment objective.
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In that event, the Fund's Directors and officers would reevaluate investment objectives and policies and consider recommending to shareholders changes in such objectives and policies.
Similarly, from time to time proposals have been introduced before state and local legislatures to restrict or eliminate the state and local income tax exemption for interest on municipal bonds. Similar proposals may be introduced in the future. If any such proposal were enacted, it might restrict or eliminate the ability of the Portfolio to achieve its investment objective. In that event, the Fund's Directors and officers would reevaluate investment objectives and policies and consider recommending to shareholders changes in such investment objectives and policies.
The Portfolio may also purchase bonds the income on which is subject to the alternative minimum tax ("AMT bonds"). AMT bonds are tax-exempt private activity bonds issued after August 7, 1986, the proceeds of which are directed, at least in part, to private, for-profit organizations. While the income from AMT bonds is exempt from regular federal income tax, it is a tax preference item in the calculation of the alternative minimum tax. The alternative minimum tax is a special separate tax that applies to some taxpayers who have certain adjustments to income or tax preference items.
Build America Bonds are taxable municipal securities on which the issuer receives federal support of the interest paid. Assuming certain specified conditions are satisfied, issuers of Build America Bonds may either (i) receive reimbursement from the U.S. Treasury with respect to a portion of its interest payments on the bonds ("direct pay" Build America Bonds) or (ii) provide tax credits to investors in the bonds ("tax credit" Build America Bonds). Unlike most other municipal securities, interest received on Build America Bonds is subject to federal and state income tax. Issuance of Build America Bonds ceased on December 31, 2010. The number of Build America Bonds available in the market is limited, which may negatively affect the value of the Build America Bonds.
Lease Obligations. Included within the revenue bonds category, as noted above, are participations in lease obligations or installment purchase contracts (hereinafter collectively called "lease obligations") of municipalities. State and local governments, agencies or authorities issue lease obligations to acquire equipment and facilities. Lease obligations may have risks not normally associated with general obligation or other revenue bonds. Leases, and installment purchase or conditional sale contracts (which may provide for title to the leased asset to pass eventually to the issuer), have developed as a means for governmental issuers to acquire property and equipment without the necessity of complying with the constitutional and statutory requirements generally applicable for the issuance of debt. Certain lease obligations contain "non-appropriation" clauses that provide that the governmental issuer has no obligation to make future payments under the lease or contract unless money is appropriated for such purpose by the appropriate legislative body on an annual or other periodic basis. Consequently, continued lease payments on those lease obligations containing "non-appropriation" clauses are dependent on future legislative actions. If such legislative actions do not occur, the holders of the lease obligation may experience difficulty in exercising their rights, including disposition of the property.
In addition, lease obligations represent a relatively new type of financing that has not yet developed the depth of marketability associated with more conventional municipal obligations, and, as a result, certain of such lease obligations may be considered illiquid securities. To determine whether or not the Portfolio will consider such securities to be illiquid (and subject to the Portfolio's limitation on investing in illiquid securities), the Fund's Board of Directors has established guidelines to be utilized by the Portfolio in determining the liquidity of a lease obligation. The factors to be considered in making the determination include (i) the frequency of trades and quoted prices for the obligation; (ii) the number of dealers willing to purchase or sell the security and the number of other potential purchasers; (iii) the willingness of dealers to undertake to make a market in the security; and (iv) the nature of the marketplace trades, including the time needed to dispose of the security, the method of soliciting offers, and the mechanics of the transfer.
Asset-Backed Securities. The Portfolio may invest in asset-backed securities. Asset-backed securities utilize the securitization techniques used to develop mortgage-backed securities. These techniques are also applied to a broad range of other assets. Various types of assets, primarily automobile and credit card receivables and home equity loans, are being securitized in pass-through structures similar to the mortgage pass-through structures. These types of securities are known as asset-backed securities. The Portfolio may invest in any type of asset-backed security. Asset-backed securities have risk characteristics similar to mortgage-backed securities. Like mortgage-backed securities, they generally decrease in value as a result of interest rate increases, but may benefit less than other fixed income securities from declining interest rates, principally because of prepayments. Also, as in the case of mortgage-backed securities, prepayments generally increase during a period of declining interest rates although other factors, such as changes in credit use and payment patterns, may also influence prepayment rates. Asset-backed
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securities also involve the risk that various federal and state consumer laws and other legal, regulatory and economic factors may result in the collateral backing the securities being insufficient to support payment on the securities.
Loan Participations and Assignments. Loan participations are interests in loans or other direct debt instruments ("Loans") relating to amounts owed by a corporate, governmental or other borrower to another party. Loans may represent amounts owed to lenders or lending syndicates, to suppliers of goods or services (trade claims or other receivables), or to other parties ("Lenders") and may be fixed rate or floating rate. Loans also may be arranged through private negotiations between an issuer of sovereign debt obligations and Lenders.
The Portfolio's investments in Loans may be in the form of a participation in Loans ("Participations") and assignments of all or a portion of Loans ("Assignments") from third parties. In the case of a Participation, the Portfolio will have the right to receive payments of principal, interest and any fees to which it is entitled only from the Lender selling the Participation and only upon receipt by the Lender of the payments from the borrower. In the event of an insolvency of the Lender selling a Participation, the Portfolio may be treated as a general creditor of the Lender and may not benefit from any set-off between the Lender and the borrower. Certain Participations may be structured in a manner designed to avoid purchasers of Participations being subject to the credit risk of the Lender with respect to the Participation. Even under such a structure, in the event of a Lender's insolvency, the Lender's servicing of the Participation may be delayed and the assignability of the Participation may be impaired. The Portfolio will acquire Participations only if the Lender interpositioned between the Portfolio and the borrower is determined by the Adviser to be creditworthy.
When the Portfolio purchases Assignments from Lenders it will acquire direct rights against the borrower on the Loan. However, because Assignments are arranged through private negotiations between potential assignees and potential assignors, the rights and obligations acquired by the Portfolio as the purchaser of an Assignment may differ from, and be more limited than, those held by the assigning Lender. Because there is no liquid market for Loan Participations and Assignments, it is likely that such securities could be sold only to a limited number of institutional investors. The lack of a liquid secondary market may have an adverse impact on the value of such securities and the Portfolio's ability to dispose of particular Assignments or Participations when necessary to meet the Portfolio's liquidity needs or in response to a specific economic event, such as a deterioration in the creditworthiness of the borrower. The lack of a liquid secondary market for Loan Participations and Assignments also may make it more difficult for the Portfolio to assign a value to these securities for purposes of valuing the Portfolio's securities and calculating its net asset value.
Loan Participations and Assignments involve a risk of loss in case of default or insolvency of the borrower. In addition, they may offer less legal protection to the Portfolio in the event of fraud or misrepresentation and may involve a risk of insolvency of the Lender. Certain Loan Participations and Assignments may also include standby financing commitments that obligate the investing Portfolio to supply additional cash to the borrower on demand. Participations involving emerging market country issuers may relate to Loans as to which there has been or currently exists an event of default or other failure to make payment when due, and may represent amounts owed to Lenders that are themselves subject to political and economic risks, including the risk of currency devaluation, expropriation, or failure. Such Loan Participations and Assignments present additional risk of default or loss.
Temporary Investments. When the Adviser believes that changes in economic, financial or political conditions make it advisable, the Portfolio may invest up to 100% of its assets in cash and certain short- and medium-term fixed income securities for temporary defensive purposes. These temporary investments may consist of obligations of the U.S. or foreign governments, their agencies or instrumentalities; money market instruments; and instruments issued by international development agencies.
Zero Coupons, Pay-In-Kind Securities or Deferred Payment Securities. Zero coupon, pay-in-kind and deferred payment securities are all types of fixed income securities on which the holder does not receive periodic cash payments of interest or principal. Generally, these securities are subject to greater price volatility and lesser liquidity in the event of adverse market conditions than comparably rated securities paying cash interest at regular intervals. Although the Portfolio will not receive cash periodic coupon payments on these securities, the Portfolio may be deemed to have received interest income, or "phantom income" during the life of the obligation. The Portfolio may have to pay taxes on this phantom income, although it has not received any cash payment.
Zero Coupons. Zero coupons are fixed income securities that do not make regular interest payments. Instead, zero coupons are sold at a discount from their face value. The difference between a zero coupon's issue or purchase price and its face value represents the imputed interest an investor will earn if the obligation is held until maturity. For tax purposes, a portion of this imputed interest is deemed as income received by zero coupon bondholders each
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year. The Portfolio intends to pass along such interest as a component of the Portfolio's distributions of net investment income.
Zero coupons may offer investors the opportunity to earn a higher yield than that available on ordinary interest-paying obligations of similar credit quality and maturity. However, zero coupon prices may also exhibit greater price volatility than ordinary fixed income securities because of the manner in which their principal and interest are returned to the investor.
Pay-In-Kind Securities. Pay-in-kind securities are securities that have interest payable by delivery of additional securities. Upon maturity, the holder is entitled to receive the aggregate par value of the securities.
Deferred Payment Securities. Deferred payment securities are securities that remain zero coupons until a predetermined date, at which time the stated coupon rate becomes effective and interest becomes payable at regular intervals.
Eurodollar and Yankee Dollar Obligations. Eurodollar and Yankee dollar obligations are fixed income securities that include time deposits, which are non-negotiable deposits maintained in a bank for a specified period of time at a stated interest rate. The Eurodollar obligations may include bonds issued and denominated in euros (the new currency implemented on January 1, 1999 by the countries participating in the EMU). Eurodollar obligations may be issued by government and corporate issuers in Europe. Yankee bank obligations, which include time deposits and certificates of deposit, are U.S. dollar-denominated obligations issued in the U.S. capital markets by foreign banks. Eurodollar bank obligations, which include time deposits and certificates of deposit, are U.S. dollar-denominated obligations issued outside the U.S. capital markets by foreign branches of U.S. banks and by foreign banks. The Portfolio may consider Yankee dollar obligations to be domestic securities for purposes of its investment policies.
Eurodollar and Yankee dollar obligations are subject to the same risks as domestic issues, notably credit risk, market risk and liquidity risk. However, Eurodollar (and to a limited extent, Yankee dollar) obligations are also subject to certain sovereign risks. One such risk is the possibility that a sovereign country might prevent capital from flowing across its borders. Other risks include adverse political and economic developments; the extent and quality of government regulations of financial markets and institutions; the imposition of foreign withholding taxes; and the expropriation or nationalization of foreign issuers.
FOREIGN INVESTMENT
Investing in foreign securities involves certain special considerations which are not typically associated with investments in the securities of U.S. issuers. Foreign issuers are not generally subject to uniform accounting, auditing and financial reporting standards and may have policies that are not comparable to those of domestic issuers. As a result, there may be less information available about foreign issuers than about domestic issuers. Securities of some foreign issuers may be less liquid and more volatile than securities of comparable domestic issuers. There is generally less government supervision and regulation of stock exchanges, brokers and listed issuers than in the United States. In addition, with respect to certain foreign countries, there is a possibility of expropriation or confiscatory taxation, political and social instability, or diplomatic developments which could affect U.S. investments in those countries. The costs of investing in foreign countries frequently are higher than the costs of investing in the United States. Although the Adviser endeavors to achieve the most favorable execution costs in portfolio transactions, fixed commissions on many foreign stock exchanges are generally higher than negotiated commissions on U.S. exchanges. In addition, investments in certain foreign markets which have historically been considered stable may become more volatile and subject to increased risk due to ongoing developments and changing conditions in such markets. Moreover, the growing interconnectivity of global economies and financial markets has increased the probability that adverse developments and conditions in one country or region will affect the stability of economies and financial markets in other countries or regions.
Investments in securities of foreign issuers may be denominated in foreign currencies. Accordingly, the value of the Portfolio's assets, as measured in U.S. dollars, may be affected favorably or unfavorably by changes in currency exchange rates and in exchange control regulations. The Portfolio may incur costs in connection with conversions between various currencies.
Certain foreign governments may levy withholding or other taxes on dividend and interest income. Although in some countries a portion of these taxes may be recoverable, the non-recovered portion of foreign withholding
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taxes will reduce the income received from investments in such countries. The Portfolio may be able to claim a credit for U.S. tax purposes with respect to any such foreign taxes.
The Adviser may consider an issuer to be from a particular country (including the United States) or geographic region if (i) its principal securities trading market is in that country or geographic region; (ii) alone or on a consolidated basis it derives 50% or more of its annual revenue from goods produced, sales made or services performed in that country or geographic region; or (iii) it is organized under the laws of, or has a principal office in, that country or geographic region. By applying these tests, it is possible that a particular issuer could be deemed to be from more than one country or geographic region.
Foreign Equity Securities. Foreign equity securities are equity securities of a non-U.S. issuer.
Foreign Government Fixed Income Securities. Foreign government fixed income securities are fixed income securities issued by a government other than the U.S. government or government-related issuer in a country other than the United States.
Foreign Corporate Fixed Income Securities. Foreign corporate fixed income securities are fixed income securities issued by a private issuer in a country other than the United States.
Emerging Market Securities. The Portfolio may invest in emerging market securities. An emerging market security is one issued by a foreign government or private issuer that has one or more of the following characteristics: (i) its principal securities trading market is in an emerging market or developing country, (ii) alone or on a consolidated basis it derives 50% or more of its annual revenue from goods produced, sales made or services performed in emerging markets or (iii) it is organized under the laws of, or has a principal office in, an emerging market or developing country. Based on these criteria it is possible for a security to be considered issued by an issuer in more than one country. Therefore, it is possible for the securities of any issuer that has one or more of these characteristics in connection with any emerging market or developing country not to be considered an emerging market security if it has one or more of these characteristics in connection with a developed country.
Emerging market describes any country which is generally considered to be an emerging or developing country by major organizations in the international financial community, such as the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (more commonly known as the World Bank) and the International Finance Corporation or the Portfolio's benchmark index. Emerging markets can include every nation in the world except the United States, Canada, Japan, Australia, New Zealand and most nations located in Western Europe.
The economies of individual emerging market or developing countries may differ favorably or unfavorably from the U.S. economy in such respects as growth of gross domestic product, rate of inflation or deflation, currency depreciation, capital reinvestment, resource self-sufficiency and balance of payments position. Further, the economies of developing countries generally are heavily dependent upon international trade and, accordingly, have been, and may continue to be, adversely affected by trade barriers, exchange controls, managed adjustments in relative currency values and other protectionist measures. These economies also have been, and may continue to be, adversely affected by economic conditions in the countries with which they trade.
Prior governmental approval for foreign investments may be required under certain circumstances in some emerging market or developing countries, and the extent of foreign investment in certain fixed income securities and domestic companies may be subject to limitation in other emerging market or developing countries. Foreign ownership limitations also may be imposed by the charters of individual companies in emerging market or developing countries to prevent, among other concerns, violation of foreign investment limitations. Repatriation of investment income, capital and the proceeds of sales by foreign investors may require governmental registration and/or approval in some emerging countries. The Portfolio could be adversely affected by delays in, or a refusal to grant, any required governmental registration or approval for such repatriation. Any investment subject to such repatriation controls will be considered illiquid if it appears reasonably likely that this process will take more than seven days.
Investment in emerging market or developing countries may entail purchasing securities issued by or on behalf of entities that are insolvent, bankrupt, in default or otherwise engaged in an attempt to reorganize or reschedule their obligations and in entities that have little or no proven credit rating or credit history. In any such case, the issuer's poor or deteriorating financial condition may increase the likelihood that the Portfolio will experience losses or diminution in available gains due to bankruptcy, insolvency or fraud. Emerging market or developing countries also pose the risk of nationalization, expropriation or confiscatory taxation, political changes,
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government regulation, social instability or diplomatic developments (including war) that could adversely affect the economies of such countries or the value of the Portfolio's investments in those countries. In addition, it may be difficult to obtain and enforce a judgment in a court outside the United States.
The Portfolio may also be exposed to an extra degree of custodial and/or market risk, especially where the securities purchased are not traded on an official exchange or where ownership records regarding the securities are maintained by an unregulated entity (or even the issuer itself).
Foreign Currency Transactions. The U.S. dollar value of the assets of the Portfolio, to the extent they invest in securities denominated in foreign currencies, may be affected favorably or unfavorably by changes in foreign currency exchange rates and exchange control regulations, and the Portfolio may incur costs in connection with conversions between various currencies. The Portfolio may conduct its foreign currency exchange transactions on a spot (i.e., cash) basis at the spot rate prevailing in the foreign currency exchange market. The Portfolio also may manage its foreign currency transactions by entering into foreign currency forward exchange contracts to purchase or sell foreign currencies or by using other instruments and techniques described under "Derivatives" below.
Under normal circumstances, consideration of the prospect for changes in the values of currency will be incorporated into the long-term investment decisions made with regard to overall diversification strategies. However, the Adviser believes that it is important to have the flexibility to use such derivative products when it determines that it is in the best interests of the Portfolio. It may not be practicable to hedge foreign currency risk in all markets, particularly emerging markets.
Foreign Currency Warrants. The Portfolio may invest in foreign currency warrants, which entitle the holder to receive from the issuer an amount of cash (generally, for warrants issued in the United States, in U.S. dollars) which is calculated pursuant to a predetermined formula and based on the exchange rate between a specified foreign currency and the U.S. dollar as of the exercise date of the warrant. Foreign currency warrants generally are exercisable upon their issuance and expire as of a specified date and time.
Foreign currency warrants have been issued in connection with U.S. dollar-denominated debt offerings by major corporate issuers in an attempt to reduce the foreign currency exchange risk which, from the point of view of prospective purchasers of the securities, is inherent in the international fixed income marketplace. Foreign currency warrants may attempt to reduce the foreign exchange risk assumed by purchasers of a security by, for example, providing for a supplemental payment in the event that the U.S. dollar depreciates against the value of a major foreign currency such as the Japanese Yen. The formula used to determine the amount payable upon exercise of a foreign currency warrant may make the warrant worthless unless the applicable foreign currency exchange rate moves in a particular direction (e.g., unless the U.S. dollar appreciates or depreciates against the particular foreign currency to which the warrant is linked or indexed). Foreign currency warrants are severable from the debt obligations with which they may be offered, and may be listed on exchanges.
Foreign currency warrants may be exercisable only in certain minimum amounts, and an investor wishing to exercise warrants who possesses less than the minimum number required for exercise may be required either to sell the warrants or to purchase additional warrants, thereby incurring additional transaction costs. In the case of any exercise of warrants, there may be a delay between the time a holder of warrants gives instructions to exercise and the time the exchange rate relating to exercise is determined, during which time the exchange rate could change significantly, thereby affecting both the market and cash settlement values of the warrants being exercised. The expiration date of the warrants may be accelerated if the warrants should be delisted from an exchange or if their trading should be suspended permanently, which would result in the loss of any remaining "time value" of the warrants (i.e., the difference between the current market value and the exercise value of the warrants), and, in the case where the warrants were "out-of-the-money," in a total loss of the purchase price of the warrants.
Foreign currency warrants are generally unsecured obligations of their issuers and are not standardized foreign currency options issued by the Options Clearing Corporation ("OCC"). Unlike foreign currency options issued by the OCC, the terms of foreign exchange warrants generally will not be amended in the event of governmental or regulatory actions affecting exchange rates or in the event of the imposition of other regulatory controls affecting the international currency markets. The initial public offering price of foreign currency warrants is generally considerably in excess of the price that a commercial user of foreign currencies might pay in the interbank market for a comparable option involving significantly larger amounts of foreign currencies. Foreign currency warrants are subject to complex political or economic factors.
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Principal Exchange Rate Linked Securities. Principal exchange rate linked securities are debt obligations the principal on which is payable at maturity in an amount that may vary based on the exchange rate between the U.S. dollar and a particular foreign currency at or about that time. The return on "standard" principal exchange rate linked securities is enhanced if the foreign currency to which the security is linked appreciates against the U.S. dollar, and is adversely affected by increases in the foreign exchange value of the U.S. dollar; "reverse" principal exchange rate linked securities are like the "standard" securities, except that their return is enhanced by increases in the value of the U.S. dollar and adversely impacted by increases in the value of foreign currency. Interest payments on the securities are generally made in U.S. dollars at rates that reflect the degree of foreign currency risk assumed or given up by the purchaser of the notes (i.e., at relatively higher interest rates if the purchaser has assumed some foreign currency risk).
Brady Bonds. Brady Bonds are fixed income securities that are created through the exchange of existing commercial bank loans to foreign entities for new obligations in connection with debt restructuring under a plan introduced by Nicholas F. Brady when he was the U.S. Secretary of the Treasury. They may be collateralized or uncollateralized and issued in various currencies (although most are U.S. dollar-denominated) and they are actively traded in the over-the-counter ("OTC") secondary market. The Portfolio will invest in Brady Bonds only if they are consistent with the Portfolio's quality specifications. Dollar-denominated, collateralized Brady Bonds may be fixed rate par bonds or floating rate discount bonds. Interest payments on Brady Bonds generally are collateralized by cash or securities in an amount that, in the case of fixed rate bonds, is equal to at least one year of rolling interest payments or, in the case of floating rate bonds, initially is equal to at least one year's rolling interest payments based on the applicable interest rate at that time and is adjusted at regular intervals thereafter. Certain Brady Bonds are entitled to "value recovery payments" in certain circumstances, which in effect constitute supplemental interest payments but generally are not collateralized.
Brady Bonds are often viewed as having three or four valuation components: (i) the collateralized repayment of principal at final maturity; (ii) the collateralized interest payments; (iii) the uncollateralized interest payments; and (iv) any uncollateralized repayment of principal at maturity (these uncollateralized amounts constitute the "residual risk"). In the event of a default with respect to collateralized Brady Bonds as a result of which the payment obligations of the issuer are accelerated, the U.S. Treasury zero coupon obligations held as collateral for the payment of principal will not be distributed to investors, nor will such obligations be sold and the proceeds distributed. The collateral will be held by the collateral agent to the scheduled maturity of the defaulted Brady Bonds, which will continue to be outstanding, at which time the face amount of the collateral will equal the principal payments due on the Brady Bonds in the normal course. However, Brady Bonds should be viewed as speculative in light of the history of defaults with respect to commercial bank loans by public and private entities of countries issuing Brady Bonds.
Investment Funds. Some emerging market countries have laws and regulations that currently preclude direct investment or make it undesirable to invest directly in the securities of their companies. However, indirect investment in the securities of companies listed and traded on the stock exchanges in these countries is permitted by certain emerging market countries through investment funds that have been specifically authorized. The Portfolio may invest in these investment funds subject to the provisions of the 1940 Act, as applicable, and other applicable laws.
OTHER SECURITIES AND INVESTMENT STRATEGIES
Loans of Portfolio Securities. The Portfolio may lend its portfolio securities to brokers, dealers, banks and other institutional investors. By lending its portfolio securities, the Portfolio attempts to increase its net investment income through the receipt of interest on the cash collateral with respect to the loan or fees received from the borrower in connection with the loan. Any gain or loss in the market price of the securities loaned that might occur during the term of the loan would be for the account of the Portfolio. The Portfolio employs an agent to implement the securities lending program and the agent receives a fee from the Portfolio for its services. The Portfolio will not lend more than 331/3% of the value of its total assets.
The Portfolio may lend its portfolio securities so long as the terms, structure and the aggregate amount of such loans are not inconsistent with the 1940 Act or the rules and regulations or interpretations of the SEC thereunder, which currently require that (i) the borrower pledge and maintain with the Portfolio collateral consisting of liquid, unencumbered assets having a value at all times not less than 100% of the value of the securities loaned; (ii) the borrower add to such collateral whenever the price of the securities loaned rises (i.e., the borrower "marks to market" on a daily basis); (iii) the loan be made subject to termination by the Portfolio at any time; and (iv) the Portfolio receives a reasonable return on the loan (which may include the Portfolio investing any cash collateral in interest bearing short-term investments), any distributions on the loaned securities and any
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increase in their market value. In addition, voting rights may pass with the loaned securities, but the Portfolio will retain the right to call any security in anticipation of a vote that the Adviser deems material to the security on loan.
There may be risks of delay and costs involved in recovery of securities or even loss of rights in the collateral should the borrower of the securities fail financially. These delays and costs could be greater for foreign securities. However, loans will be made only to borrowers deemed by the Adviser to be creditworthy and when, in the judgment of the Adviser, the income which can be earned from such securities loans justifies the attendant risk. All relevant facts and circumstances, including the creditworthiness of the broker, dealer, bank or institution, will be considered in making decisions with respect to the lending of securities, subject to review by the Fund's Board of Directors. The Portfolio loaning securities also bears the risk that the reinvestment of collateral will result in a principal loss. Finally, there is the risk that the price of the securities will increase while they are on loan and the collateral will not be adequate to cover their value.
Non-Publicly Traded Securities, Private Placements and Restricted Securities. The Portfolio may invest in securities that are neither listed on a stock exchange nor traded OTC, including privately placed and restricted securities. Such unlisted securities may involve a higher degree of business and financial risk that can result in substantial losses. As a result of the absence of a public trading market for these securities, they may be less liquid than publicly traded securities. Although these securities may be resold in privately negotiated transactions, the prices realized from these sales could be less than those originally paid by the Portfolio or less than what may be considered the fair value of such securities. Furthermore, companies whose securities are not publicly traded may not be subject to the disclosure and other investor protection requirements which might be applicable if their securities were publicly traded. If such securities are required to be registered under the securities laws of one or more jurisdictions before being sold, the Portfolio may be required to bear the expenses of registration.
As a general matter, the Portfolio may not invest more than 15% of its net assets in illiquid securities, such as securities for which there is not a readily available secondary market or securities that are restricted from sale to the public without registration. However, certain Restricted Securities can be offered and sold to qualified institutional buyers under Rule 144A under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the "1933 Act") ("Rule 144A Securities"), and may be deemed to be liquid under guidelines adopted by the Fund's Board of Directors. The Portfolio may invest without limit in liquid Rule 144A Securities. Rule 144A Securities may become illiquid if qualified institutional buyers are not interested in acquiring the securities.
The Portfolio may purchase equity securities in a private placement that are issued by issuers who have outstanding, publicly-traded equity securities of the same class ("private investments in public equity" or "PIPES"). Shares in PIPES generally are not registered with the SEC until after a certain time period from the date the private sale is completed. This restricted period can last many months. Until the public registration process is completed, PIPES are restricted as to resale and the Portfolio cannot freely trade the securities. Generally, such restrictions cause the PIPES to be illiquid during this time. PIPES may contain provisions that the issuer will pay specified financial penalties to the holder if the issuer does not publicly register the restricted equity securities within a specified period of time, but there is no assurance that the restricted equity securities will be publicly registered, or that the registration will remain in effect.
When-Issued and Delayed Delivery Securities. From time to time, the Portfolio may purchase securities on a when-issued or delayed delivery basis or may purchase or sell securities on a forward commitment basis. When these transactions are negotiated, the price is fixed at the time of the commitment, but delivery and payment can take place a month or more after the date of commitment. The Portfolio may sell the securities before the settlement date, if it is deemed advisable. The securities so purchased or sold are subject to market fluctuation and no interest or dividends accrue to the purchaser prior to the settlement date.
At the time the Portfolio makes the commitment to purchase or sell securities on a when-issued, delayed delivery or forward commitment basis, it will record the transaction and thereafter reflect the value, each day, of such security purchased, or if a sale, the proceeds to be received, in determining its net asset value. At the time of delivery of the securities, their value may be more or less than the purchase or sale price. An increase in the percentage of the Portfolio's assets committed to the purchase of securities on a when-issued, delayed delivery or forward commitment basis may increase the volatility of its net asset value. The Portfolio will also earmark or segregate cash or liquid assets or on the Portfolio's books in which it will continually maintain cash or cash equivalents or other liquid portfolio securities equal in value to commitments to purchase securities on a when-issued, delayed delivery or forward commitment basis.
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Temporary Borrowing. The Portfolio is permitted to borrow money from banks in accordance with the 1940 Act, or the rules and regulations promulgated by the SEC thereunder. Currently, the 1940 Act permits a fund to borrow money from banks in an amount up to 331/3% of its total assets (including the amount borrowed) less its liabilities (not including any borrowings but including the fair market value at the time of computation of any other senior securities then outstanding). In addition, the Portfolio is permitted to borrow from banks in an amount up to 10% of its total assets for extraordinary or emergency purposes. For example, the Portfolio may borrow for temporary defensive purposes or to meet shareholder redemptions when the Adviser believes that it would not be in the best interests of the Portfolio to liquidate portfolio holdings. The Portfolio will not purchase additional securities while temporary borrowings exceed 5% of its total assets.
The Board of Directors of the Fund has approved procedures whereby the Portfolio together with other investment companies advised by the Adviser or its affiliates may enter into a joint line of credit arrangement with a bank. The Portfolio would be liable only for its own temporary borrowings under the joint line of credit arrangements.
In general, the Portfolio may not issue any class of senior security, except that each Portfolio may (i) borrow from banks, provided that immediately following any such borrowing there is an asset coverage of at least 300% for all Portfolio borrowings and in the event such asset coverage falls below 300% the Portfolio will within three days or such longer period as the SEC may prescribe by rules and regulations, reduce the amount of its borrowings to an extent that the asset coverage of such borrowings shall be at least 300%, and (ii) engage in trading practices which could be deemed to involve the issuance of a senior security, including but not limited to options, futures, forward contracts and reverse repurchase agreements, provided that the Portfolio earmarks or segregates liquid assets in accordance with applicable SEC regulations and interpretations.
Reverse Repurchase Agreements. Under a reverse repurchase agreement, the Portfolio sells a security and promises to repurchase that security at an agreed upon future date and price. The price paid to repurchase the security reflects interest accrued during the term of the agreement. The Portfolio will earmark cash or liquid assets or establish a segregated account holding cash and other liquid assets in an amount not less than the purchase obligations of the agreement. Reverse repurchase agreements may be viewed as a speculative form of borrowing called leveraging. The Portfolio may invest in reverse repurchase agreements if (i) interest earned from leveraging exceeds the interest expense of the original reverse repurchase transaction and (ii) proceeds from the transaction are not invested for longer than the term of the reverse repurchase agreement.
DERIVATIVES
The Portfolio may, but is not required to, use various derivatives and related investment strategies as described below. Derivatives may be used for a variety of purposes including hedging, risk management, portfolio management or to earn income. Any or all of the investment techniques described herein may be used at any time and there is no particular strategy that dictates the use of one technique rather than another, as the use of any derivative by the Portfolio is a function of numerous variables, including market conditions. The Portfolio complies with applicable regulatory requirements when using derivatives, including the segregation or earmarking of cash or liquid assets when mandated by the SEC rules or SEC staff positions. Although the Adviser seeks to use derivatives to further the Portfolio's investment objective, no assurance can be given that the use of derivatives will achieve this result.
General Risks of Derivatives. Derivatives utilized by the Portfolio may involve the purchase and sale of derivative instruments. A derivative is a financial instrument the value of which depends upon (or derives from) the value of another asset, security, interest rate or index. Derivatives may relate to a wide variety of underlying instruments, including equity and debt securities, indexes, interest rates, currencies and other assets. Certain derivative instruments which the Portfolio may use and the risks of those instruments are described in further detail below. The Portfolio may in the future also utilize derivatives techniques, instruments and strategies that may be newly developed or permitted as a result of regulatory changes, consistent with the Portfolio's investment objective and policies. Such newly developed techniques, instruments and strategies may involve risks different than or in addition to those described herein. No assurance can be given that any derivatives strategy employed by the Portfolio will be successful.
The risks associated with the use of derivatives are different from, and possibly greater than, the risks associated with investing directly in the instruments underlying such derivatives. Derivatives are highly specialized instruments that require investment techniques and risk analyses different from other portfolio investments. The
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use of derivative instruments requires an understanding not only of the underlying instrument but also of the derivative itself. Certain risk factors generally applicable to derivative transactions are described below.
• Derivatives are subject to the risk that the market value of the derivative itself or the market value of underlying instruments will change in a way adverse to the Portfolio's interests. The Portfolio bears the risk that the Adviser may incorrectly forecast future market trends and other financial or economic factors or the value of the underlying security, index, interest rate or currency when establishing a derivatives position for the Portfolio.
• Derivatives may be subject to pricing risk, which exists when a derivative becomes extraordinarily expensive (or inexpensive) relative to historical prices or corresponding instruments. Under such market conditions, it may not be economically feasible to initiate a transaction or liquidate a position at an advantageous time or price.
• Many derivatives are complex and often valued subjectively. Improper valuations can result in increased payment requirements to counterparties or a loss of value to the Portfolio.
• Using derivatives as a hedge against a portfolio investment subjects the Portfolio to the risk that the derivative will have imperfect correlation with the portfolio investment, which could result in the Portfolio incurring substantial losses. This correlation risk may be greater in the case of derivatives based on an index or other basket of securities, as the portfolio securities being hedged may not duplicate the components of the underlying index or the basket may not be of exactly the same type of obligation as those underlying the derivative. The use of derivatives for "cross hedging" purposes (using a derivative based on one instrument as a hedge on a different instrument) may also involve greater correlation risks.
• While using derivatives for hedging purposes can reduce the Portfolio's risk of loss, it may also limit the Portfolio's opportunity for gains or result in losses by offsetting or limiting the Portfolio's ability to participate in favorable price movements in portfolio investments.
• Derivatives transactions for non-hedging purposes involve greater risks and may result in losses which would not be offset by increases in the value of portfolio securities or declines in the cost of securities to be acquired. In the event that the Portfolio enters into a derivatives transaction as an alternative to purchasing or selling the underlying instrument or in order to obtain desired exposure to an index or market, the Portfolio will be exposed to the same risks as are incurred in purchasing or selling the underlying instruments directly.
• The use of certain derivatives transactions involves the risk of loss resulting from the insolvency or bankruptcy of the counterparty to the contract or the failure by the counterparty to make required payments or otherwise comply with the terms of the contract. In the event of default by a counterparty, the Portfolio may have contractual remedies pursuant to the agreements related to the transaction.
• Liquidity risk exists when a particular derivative is difficult to purchase or sell. If a derivative transaction is particularly large or if the relevant market is illiquid, the Portfolio may be unable to initiate a transaction or liquidate a position at an advantageous time or price.
• Certain derivatives transactions are not entered into or traded on exchanges or in markets regulated by the U.S. Commodity Futures Trading Commission ("CFTC") or the SEC. Instead, such OTC derivatives are entered into directly by the Portfolio and a counterparty and may be traded only through financial institutions acting as market makers. OTC derivatives transactions can only be entered into with a willing counterparty that is approved by the Adviser in accordance with guidelines established by the Board. Where no such counterparty is available, the Portfolio will be unable to enter into a desired OTC transaction. There also may be greater risk that no liquid secondary market in the trading of OTC derivatives will exist, in which case the Portfolio may be required to hold such instruments until exercise, expiration or maturity. Many of the protections afforded to exchange participants are not available to participants in OTC derivatives transactions. OTC derivatives transactions are not subject to the guarantee of an exchange or clearinghouse and, as a result, the Portfolio would bear greater risk of default by the counterparties to such transactions.
• The Portfolio may be required to make physical delivery of portfolio securities underlying a derivative in order to close out a derivatives position or to sell portfolio securities at a time or price at which it may be disadvantageous to do so in order to obtain cash to close out or to maintain a derivatives position.
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• As a result of the structure of certain derivatives, adverse changes in the value of the underlying instrument can result in losses substantially greater than the amount invested in the derivative itself. Certain derivatives have the potential for unlimited loss, regardless of the size of the initial investment.
• Certain derivatives may be considered illiquid and therefore subject to the Portfolio's limitation on investments in illiquid securities.
• Derivatives transactions conducted outside the United States may not be conducted in the same manner as those entered into on U.S. exchanges, and may be subject to different margin, exercise, settlement or expiration procedures. Brokerage commissions, clearing costs and other transaction costs may be higher on foreign exchanges. Many of the risks of OTC derivatives transactions are also applicable to derivatives transactions conducted outside the United States. Derivatives transactions conducted outside the United States are subject to the risk of governmental action affecting the trading in, or the prices of, foreign securities, currencies and other instruments. The value of such positions could be adversely affected by foreign political and economic factors; lesser availability of data on which to make trading decisions; delays on the Portfolio's ability to act upon economic events occurring in foreign markets; and less liquidity than U.S. markets.
• Currency derivatives are subject to additional risks. Currency derivatives transactions may be negatively affected by government exchange controls, blockages and manipulations. Currency exchange rates may be influenced by factors extrinsic to a country's economy. There is no systematic reporting of last sale information with respect to foreign currencies. As a result, the available information on which trading in currency derivatives will be based may not be as complete as comparable data for other transactions. Events could occur in the foreign currency market which will not be reflected in currency derivatives until the following day, making it more difficult for the Portfolio to respond to such events in a timely manner.
Regulatory Matters. As described herein, the Portfolio may be required to cover its potential economic exposure to certain derivatives transactions by holding an offsetting financial position and/or earmarking or segregating cash or liquid assets equal in value to the Portfolio's potential economic exposure under the transaction. The Portfolio will cover such transactions as described herein or in such other manner in accordance with applicable laws and regulations. Assets used to cover derivatives transactions cannot be sold while the derivatives position is open, unless they are replaced by other appropriate assets. Earmarked or segregated cash or liquid assets and assets held in margin accounts are not otherwise available to the Portfolio for investment purposes. If a large portion of the Portfolio's assets are used to cover derivatives transactions or are otherwise earmarked or segregated, it could affect portfolio management or the Portfolio's ability to meet redemption requests or other current obligations. With respect to derivatives which are cash-settled (i.e., have no physical delivery requirement), the Portfolio is permitted to set aside liquid assets in an amount equal to the Portfolio's daily marked-to-market net obligations (i.e., the Portfolio's daily net liability) under the derivative, if any, rather than the derivative's full notional value or the market value of the instrument underlying the derivative, as applicable. By setting aside assets equal to only its net obligations under cash-settled derivatives, the Portfolio will have the ability to employ leverage to a greater extent than if the Portfolio were required to segregate assets equal to the full notional amount of the derivative or the market value of the underlying instrument, as applicable.
Regulatory developments affecting the exchange-traded and OTC derivatives markets may impair the Portfolio's ability to manage or hedge its investment portfolio through the use of derivatives. The Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act (the "Dodd-Frank Act") and the rules promulgated thereunder may limit the ability of the Portfolio to enter into one or more exchange-traded or OTC derivatives transactions. In particular, pursuant to authority granted under the Dodd-Frank Act, the CFTC in October 2011 promulgated final rules that impose new federal position limits on listed futures and options contracts on, and economically equivalent OTC derivatives referencing, 28 individual agricultural, metal and energy commodities. The Portfolio's futures and options positions in these 28 contracts will be aggregated with its positions, if any, in economically equivalent OTC derivatives referencing these contracts. These new position limits, which will be imposed on the Portfolio and its counterparties, may impact the Portfolio's ability to invest in futures, options and swaps in a manner that efficiently meets its investment objectives. Derivatives positions of all investment companies advised by the Adviser are combined for purposes of these limits. An exchange may order the liquidation of positions found to be in excess of these limits and may impose certain other sanctions or restrictions.
The Portfolio's use of derivatives may be limited by the requirements of the Code for qualification as a regulated investment company for U.S. federal income tax purposes.
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In February 2012, the CFTC adopted certain regulatory changes that may impact the Fund by subjecting the Adviser to registration with the CFTC as the commodity pool operator ("CPO") of the Portfolio, unless the Portfolio is able to comply with certain trading and marketing limitations on its investments in futures and certain other instruments. If the Adviser becomes subject to CFTC registration as a CPO, the disclosure and operations of the Portfolio would need to comply with all applicable CFTC regulations. Compliance with these additional registration and regulatory requirements would increase Portfolio expenses.
Forwards. A foreign currency forward exchange contract is a negotiated agreement between two parties to exchange specified amounts of two or more currencies at a specified future time at a specified rate. The rate specified by the foreign currency forward exchange contract can be higher or lower than the spot rate between the currencies that are the subject of the contract. Currency futures are similar to currency foreign currency forward exchange contracts, except that they are traded on an exchange and standardized as to contract size and delivery date. Most currency futures call for payment or delivery in U.S. dollars. Unanticipated changes in currency prices may result in losses to the Portfolio and poorer overall performance for the Portfolio than if it had not entered into foreign currency forward exchange contracts. The Portfolio may enter into foreign currency forward exchange contracts under various circumstances. The typical use of a foreign currency forward exchange contract is to "lock in" the price of a security in U.S. dollars or some other foreign currency, which the Portfolio is holding in its portfolio. By entering into a foreign currency forward exchange contract for the purchase or sale, for a fixed amount of dollars or other currency, of the amount of foreign currency involved in the underlying security transactions, the Portfolio may be able to protect itself against a possible loss resulting from an adverse change in the relationship between the U.S. dollar or other currency which is being used for the security purchase and the foreign currency in which the security is denominated during the period between the date on which the security is purchased or sold and the date on which payment is made or received. The Adviser also may from time to time utilize foreign currency forward exchange contracts for other purposes. For example, they may be used to hedge a foreign security held in the portfolio or a security which pays out principal tied to an exchange rate between the U.S. dollar and a foreign currency, against a decline in value of the applicable foreign currency. They also may be used to lock in the current exchange rate of the currency in which those securities anticipated to be purchased are denominated. At times, the Portfolio may enter into "cross-currency" hedging transactions involving currencies other than those in which securities are held or proposed to be purchased are denominated.
The Portfolio will not enter into foreign currency forward exchange contracts or maintain a net exposure to these contracts where the consummation of the contracts would obligate the Portfolio to deliver an amount of foreign currency in excess of the value of the Portfolio's portfolio securities.
When required by law, the Portfolio will segregate or earmark cash, U.S. government securities or other appropriate liquid portfolio securities in an amount equal to the value of the Portfolio's total assets committed to the consummation of forward contracts entered into under the circumstances set forth above. If the value of the securities so earmarked declines, additional cash or securities will be segregated or earmarked on a daily basis so that the value of such securities will equal the amount of the Portfolio's commitments with respect to such contracts.
The Portfolio may be limited in its ability to enter into hedging transactions involving forward contracts by the Code requirements relating to qualification as a regulated investment company.
Foreign currency forward exchange contracts may limit gains on portfolio securities that could otherwise be realized had they not been utilized and could result in losses. The contracts also may increase the Portfolio's volatility and may involve a significant amount of risk relative to the investment of cash.
Futures Contracts. A futures contract is a standardized agreement to buy or sell a specific quantity of a commodity at a specific price at a specific future time (the "settlement date"). Futures contracts may be based on, among other things, a specified equity security (securities futures), a specified debt security or reference rate (interest rate futures), the value of a specified securities index (index futures) or the value of a foreign currency (forward contracts and currency futures). The value of a futures contract tends to increase and decrease in tandem with the value of the underlying instrument. The buyer of a futures contract agrees to purchase the underlying instrument on the settlement date and is said to be "long" the contract. The seller of a futures contract agrees to sell the underlying instrument on the settlement date and is said to be "short" the contract. Futures contracts call for settlement only on the expiration date and cannot be "exercised" at any other time during their term.
Depending on the terms of the particular contract, futures contracts are settled through either physical delivery of the underlying instrument on the settlement date (such as in the case of securities futures based on a specified debt security) or by payment of a cash settlement amount on the settlement date (such as in the case of
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futures contracts relating to interest rates, foreign currencies and broad-based securities indexes). In the case of cash settled futures contracts, the settlement amount is equal to the difference between the reference instrument's price on the last trading day of the contract and the reference instrument's price at the time the contract was entered into. Most futures contracts, particularly futures contracts requiring physical delivery, are not held until the settlement date, but instead are offset before the settlement date through the establishment of an opposite and equal futures position (buying a contract that had been sold, or selling a contract that had been purchased). All futures transactions are effected through a clearinghouse associated with the exchange on which the futures are traded.
The buyer and seller of a futures contract are not required to deliver or pay for the underlying commodity unless the contract is held until the settlement date. However, both the buyer and seller are required to deposit "initial margin" with a futures commission merchant when the futures contract is entered into. Initial margin deposits are typically calculated as a percentage of the contract's market value. If the value of either party's position declines, the party will be required to make additional "variation margin" payments to settle the change in value on a daily basis. The process is known as "marking-to-market." Upon the closing of a futures position through the establishment of an offsetting position, a final determination of variation margin will be made and additional cash will be paid by or released to the Portfolio.
In addition, the Portfolio may be required to earmark cash or liquid assets or maintain segregated cash or liquid assets in order to cover futures transactions. The Portfolio will earmark or segregate cash or liquid assets in an amount equal to the difference between the market value of a futures contract entered into by the Portfolio and the aggregate value of the initial and variation margin payments made by the Portfolio with respect to such contract or as otherwise permitted by SEC rules or SEC staff positions. See "Regulatory Matters" below.
Additional Risks of Futures Transactions. The risks associated with futures contract transactions are different from, and possibly greater than, the risks associated with investing directly in the underlying instruments. Futures are highly specialized instruments that require investment techniques and risk analyses different from those associated with other portfolio investments. The use of futures requires an understanding not only of the underlying instrument but also of the futures contract itself. Futures may be subject to the risk factors generally applicable to derivatives transactions described herein, and may also be subject to certain additional risk factors, including:
• The risk of loss in buying and selling futures contracts can be substantial. Small price movements in the commodity underlying a futures position may result in immediate and substantial loss (or gain) to the Portfolio.
• Buying and selling futures contracts may result in losses in excess of the amount invested in the position in the form of initial margin. In the event of adverse price movements in the underlying commodity, security, index, currency or instrument, the Portfolio would be required to make daily cash payments to maintain its required margin. The Portfolio may be required to sell portfolio securities, or make or take delivery of the underlying securities in order to meet daily margin requirements at a time when it may be disadvantageous to do so. The Portfolio could lose margin payments deposited with a futures commission merchant if the futures commission merchant breaches its agreement with the Portfolio, becomes insolvent or declares bankruptcy.
• Most exchanges limit the amount of fluctuation permitted in futures contract prices during any single trading day. Once the daily limit has been reached in a particular futures contract, no trades may be made on that day at prices beyond that limit. If futures contract prices were to move to the daily limit for several trading days with little or no trading, the Portfolio could be prevented from prompt liquidation of a futures position and subject to substantial losses. The daily limit governs only price movements during a single trading day and therefore does not limit the Portfolio's potential losses.
• Index futures based upon a narrower index of securities may present greater risks than futures based on broad market indexes, as narrower indexes are more susceptible to rapid and extreme fluctuations as a result of changes in value of a small number of securities.
Swaps. An OTC swap contract is an agreement between two parties pursuant to which the parties exchange payments at specified dates on the basis of a specified notional amount, with the payments calculated by reference to specified securities, indexes, reference rates, currencies or other instruments. A small percentage of swap contracts are cleared through a central clearinghouse. Most swap agreements provide that when the period payment dates for both parties are the same, the payments are made on a net basis (i.e., the two payment streams are netted out, with only the net amount paid by one party to the other). The Portfolio's obligations or rights under a swap contract entered into on a net basis will generally be equal only to the net amount to be paid or received under the agreement, based on the relative values of the positions held by each party. Most swap agreements are not entered into or traded on exchanges and often there is no central clearing or guaranty function for swaps. These OTC swaps
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are often subject to the risk of default or non-performance by the counterparty. Accordingly, the Adviser must assess the creditworthiness of the counterparty to determine the likelihood that the terms of the swap will be satisfied.
Swap agreements allow for a wide variety of transactions. For example, fixed rate payments may be exchanged for floating rate payments, U.S. dollar denominated payments may be exchanged for payments denominated in foreign currencies, and payments tied to the price of one security, index, reference rate, currency or other instrument may be exchanged for payments tied to the price of a different security, index, reference rate, currency or other instrument. Swap contracts are typically individually negotiated and structured to provide exposure to a variety of particular types of investments or market factors. Swap contracts can take many different forms and are known by a variety of names. To the extent consistent with the Portfolio's investment objectives and policies, the Portfolio is not limited to any particular form or variety of swap contract. The Portfolio may utilize swaps to increase or decrease its exposure to the underlying instrument, reference rate, foreign currency, market index or other asset. The Portfolio may also enter into related derivative instruments including caps, floors and collars.
The Portfolio may be required to cover swap transactions. Obligations under swap agreements entered into on a net basis are generally accrued daily and any accrued but unpaid amounts owed by the Portfolio to the swap counterparty will be covered by earmarking or segregating cash or liquid assets. If the Portfolio enters into a swap agreement on other than a net basis, the Portfolio will earmark or segregate cash or liquid assets with a value equal to the full amount of the Portfolio's accrued obligations under the agreement.
Interest Rate Swaps, Caps, Floors and Collars. Interest rate swaps consist of an agreement between two parties to exchange their respective commitments to pay or receive interest (e.g., an exchange of floating rate payments for fixed rate payments). Interest rate swaps are generally entered into on a net basis. Interest rate swaps do not involved the delivery of securities, other underlying assets, or principal. Accordingly, the risk of loss with respect to interest rate and total rate of return swaps is limited to the net amount of interest payments that the Portfolio is contractually obligated to make.
The Portfolio may also buy or sell interest rate caps, floors and collars. The purchase of an interest rate cap entitles the purchaser, to the extent that a specified index exceeds a predetermined interest rate, to receive payments of interest on a specified notional amount from the party selling the interest rate cap. The purchase of an interest rate floor entitles the purchaser, to the extent that a specified index falls below a predetermined interest rate, to receive payments of interest on a specified notional amount from the party selling the interest rate floor. A collar is a combination of a cap and a floor that preserves a certain return within a predetermined range of interest rate of values. Caps, floors and collars may be less liquid than other types of swaps. If the Portfolio sells caps, floors and collars, it will earmark or segregate cash or liquid assets with a value equal to the full amount, accrued daily, of the Portfolio's net obligations with respect to the caps, floors or collars.
Index Swaps. An index swap consists of an agreement between two parties in which a party exchanges a cash flow based on a notional amount of a reference index for a cash flow based on a different index or on another specified instrument or reference rate. Index swaps are generally entered into on a net basis.
Inflation Swaps. Inflation swap agreements are contracts in which one party agrees to pay the cumulative percentage increase in a price index, such as the Consumer Price Index, over the term of the swap (with some lag on the referenced inflation index), and the other party pays a compounded fixed rate. Inflation swap agreements may be used to protect the net asset value of the Portfolio against an unexpected change in the rate of inflation measured by an inflation index. The value of inflation swap agreements is expected to change in response to changes in real interest rates. Real interest rates are tied to the relationship between nominal interest rates and the rate of inflation.
Currency Swaps. A currency swap consists of an agreement between two parties to exchange cash flows on a notional amount of two or more currencies based on the relative value differential among them, such as exchanging a right to receive a payment in foreign currency for the right to receive U.S. dollars. Currency swap agreements may be entered into on a net basis or may involve the delivery of the entire principal value of one designated currency in exchange for the entire principal value of another designated currency. In such cases, the entire principal value of a currency swap is subject to the risk that the counterparty will default on its contractual delivery obligations.
Credit Default Swaps. A credit default swap consists of an agreement between two parties in which the "buyer" agrees to pay to the "seller" a periodic stream of payments over the term of the contract and the seller agrees to pay the buyer the par value (or other agreed-upon value) of a referenced debt obligation upon the occurrence of a credit event with respect to the issuer of the referenced debt obligation. Generally, a credit event
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means bankruptcy, failure to pay, obligation acceleration or modified restructuring. The Portfolio may be either the buyer or seller in a credit default swap. As the buyer in a credit default swap, the Portfolio would pay to the counterparty the periodic stream of payments. If no default occurs, the Portfolio would receive no benefit from the contract. As the seller in a credit default swap, the Portfolio would receive the stream of payments but would be subject to exposure on the notional amount of the swap, which it would be required to pay in the event of default. The Portfolio will generally earmark or segregate cash or liquid assets to cover any potential obligation under a credit default swap sold by the Portfolio. The use of credit default swaps could result in losses to the Portfolio if the Adviser fails to correctly evaluate the creditworthiness of the issuer of the referenced debt obligation.
Swaptions. An option on a swap agreement, also called a "swaption," is an option that gives the buyer the right, but not the obligation, to enter into a swap on a future date in exchange for paying a market based "premium." A receiver swaption gives the owner the right to receive the total return of a specified asset, reference rate, or index. A payer swaption gives the owner the right to pay the total return of a specified asset, reference rate, or index. Swaptions also include options that allow an existing swap to be terminated or extended by one of the counterparties.
General Risks of Swaps. The risks associated with swap transactions are different from, and possibly greater than, the risks associated with investing directly in the underlying instruments. Swaps are highly specialized instruments that require investment techniques and risk analyses different from those associated with other portfolio investments. The use of swaps requires an understanding not only of the underlying instrument but also of the swap contract itself. Swap transactions may be subject to the risk factors generally applicable to derivatives transactions described above, and may also be subject to certain additional risk factors, including:
• Many swap agreements are not traded on exchanges and not subject to a similar level of government regulation as exchange-traded derivatives. As a result, parties to a swap agreement are not protected by such government regulations to the same extent participants are in transactions in derivatives traded on organized exchanges.
• In addition to the risk of default by the counterparty, if the creditworthiness of a counterparty to a swap agreement declines, the value of the swap agreement would be likely to decline, potentially resulting in losses.
The swaps market is a relatively new market and currently is largely unregulated. It is possible that further developments in the swaps market, including future governmental regulation, could adversely affect the Portfolio's ability to utilize swaps, terminate existing swap agreements or realize amounts to be received under such agreements.
Structured Investments. The Portfolio also may invest a portion of its assets in structured investments. A structured investment is a derivative security designed to offer a return linked to a particular underlying security, currency, commodity or market, for which the amount of principal repayment and/or interest payments is based on the change in value of such underlying security, currency, commodity or market, including, among others, currency exchange rates, interest rates (such as the prime lending rate or LIBOR), referenced bonds and stock indices or other financial reference. Structured investments may come in various forms, including notes, warrants and options to purchase securities, and may be listed and traded on an exchange or otherwise traded in the OTC market.
The Portfolio will typically use structured investments to gain exposure to a permitted underlying security, currency, commodity or market when direct access to such security, currency, commodity or market is limited or inefficient from a tax, cost or regulatory standpoint. Investments in structured investments involve risks including issuer risk, counterparty risk and market risk. Holders of structured investments bear risks of the underlying investment and are subject to issuer or counterparty risk because the Portfolio is relying on the creditworthiness of such issuer or counterparty and has no rights with respect to the underlying investment. Certain structured investments may be thinly traded or have a limited trading market and may have the effect of increasing the Portfolio's illiquidity to the extent that the Portfolio, at a particular point in time, may be unable to find qualified buyers for these investments.
A structured investment may be linked either positively or negatively to its underlying security, currency, commodity or market and a change in interest rate, principal amount or other factor, depending on the structured investment's design, may be a multiple of the factor's movement. Application of a multiplier is comparable to the use of financial leverage, a speculative technique. Leverage magnifies the potential for gain and the risk of loss. As a result, a relatively small decline in the value of the referenced factor could result in a relatively large loss in the value of a structured investment.
Other types of structured investments include interests in entities organized and operated for the purpose of restructuring the investment characteristics of underlying investment interests or securities. This type of securitization or restructuring usually involves the deposit or purchase of an underlying security by a U.S. or foreign entity, such as a corporation or trust of specified instruments, and the issuance by that entity of one or more
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classes of securities backed by, or representing an interest in, the underlying instruments. The cash flow or rate of return on the underlying investments may be apportioned among the newly issued securities to create different investment characteristics, such as varying maturities, credit quality, payment priorities and interest rate provisions. Structured investments which are subordinated, for example, in payment priority often offer higher returns, but may result in increased risks compared to other investments.
Combined Transactions. Combined transactions involve entering into multiple derivatives transactions (such as multiple options transactions, including purchasing and writing options in combination with each other; multiple futures transactions; and combinations of options, futures, forward and swap transactions) instead of a single derivatives transaction in order to customize the risk and return characteristics of the overall position. Combined transactions typically contain elements of risk that are present in each of the component transactions. The Portfolio may enter into a combined transaction instead of a single derivatives transaction when, in the opinion of the Adviser, it is in the best interest of the Portfolio to do so. Because combined transactions involve multiple transactions, they may result in higher transaction costs and may be more difficult to close out.
INVESTMENT LIMITATIONS
Fundamental Limitations
The Portfolio has adopted the following restrictions, which are fundamental policies and may not be changed without the approval of the lesser of: (i) at least 67% of the voting securities of the Portfolio present at a meeting if the holders of more than 50% of the outstanding voting securities of the Portfolio are present or represented by proxy; or (ii) more than 50% of the outstanding voting securities of the Portfolio.
The Portfolio will not:
(1) purchase or sell physical commodities unless acquired as a result of ownership of securities or other instruments; provided that this restriction shall not prohibit the Portfolio from purchasing or selling options, futures contracts and related options thereon, forward contracts, swaps, caps, floors, collars and any other financial instruments or from investing in securities or other instruments backed by physical commodities or as otherwise permitted by (i) the 1940 Act, as amended from time to time, (ii) the rules and regulations promulgated by the SEC under the 1940 Act, as amended from time to time, or (iii) an exemption or other relief applicable to the Portfolio from the provisions of the 1940 Act, as amended from time to time;
(2) purchase or sell real estate, although it may purchase and sell securities of companies that deal in real estate and may purchase and sell securities that are secured by interests in real estate;
(3) make loans of money or property to any person, except (a) to the extent that securities or interests in which the Portfolio may invest are considered to be loans, (b) through the loan of portfolio securities, (c) by engaging in repurchase agreements or (d) as may otherwise be permitted by (i) the 1940 Act, as amended from time to time, (ii) the rules and regulations promulgated by the SEC under the 1940 Act, as amended from time to time, or (iii) an exemption or other relief applicable to the Fund from the provisions of the 1940 Act, as amended from time to time;
(4) invest in a manner inconsistent with its classification as a "diversified company" as provided by (i) the 1940 Act, as amended from time to time, (ii) the rules and regulations promulgated by the SEC under the 1940 Act, as amended from time to time, or (iii) an exemption or other relief applicable to the Portfolio from the provisions of the 1940 Act, as amended from time to time;
(5) borrow money, except the Portfolio may borrow money to the extent permitted by (i) the 1940 Act, as amended from time to time, (ii) the rules and regulations promulgated by the SEC under the 1940 Act, as amended from time to time, or (iii) an exemption or other relief applicable to the Portfolio from the provisions of the 1940 Act, as amended from time to time;
(6) issue senior securities, except the Portfolio may issue senior securities to the extent permitted by (i) the 1940 Act, as amended from time to time, (ii) the rules and regulations promulgated by the SEC under the 1940 Act, as amended from time to time, or (iii) an exemption or other relief applicable to the Portfolio from the provisions of the 1940 Act, as amended from time to time;
(7) underwrite securities issued by others, except to the extent that the Portfolio may be considered an underwriter within the meaning of the 1933 Act in the disposition of restricted securities;
(8) acquire any securities of companies within one industry if, as a result of such acquisition, more than 25% of the value of the Portfolio's total assets would be invested in securities of companies within such industry;
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provided, however, that there shall be no limitation on the purchase of obligations issued or guaranteed by the U.S. Government, its agencies or instrumentalities, except that the Portfolio will invest more than 25% of its total assets in the banking industry; and
(9) write or acquire options or interests in oil, gas or other mineral exploration or development programs.
Non-Fundamental Limitations
In addition, the Portfolio has adopted the following non-fundamental investment limitations, which may be changed by the Board without shareholder approval. The Portfolio will not:
(1) purchase on margin or sell short except (i) that the Portfolio may enter into option transactions and futures contracts as described in its Prospectus; and (ii) as specified above in fundamental investment limitation number (1) above;
(2) make loans except (i) by purchasing bonds, debentures or similar obligations (including repurchase agreements, subject to the limitations as described in the Prospectus) that are publicly distributed; and (ii) by lending its portfolio securities to banks, brokers, dealers and other financial institutions so long as such loans are not inconsistent with the 1940 Act or the rules and regulations or interpretations of the SEC thereunder;
(3) borrow money, except from banks for extraordinary or emergency purposes, and then only in amounts up to 10% of the value of the Portfolio's total assets (including, in each case, the amount borrowed less liabilities (other than borrowings)), or purchase securities while borrowings exceed 5% of its total assets; and
(4) invest in other investment companies in reliance on Sections 12(d)(1)(F), 12(d)(1)(G) or 12(d)(1)(J) of the 1940 Act.
The Portfolio will satisfy the diversification requirements for tax treatment as a regulated investment company ("RIC"). As a result, the Portfolio will diversify its holdings so that, at the close of each quarter of its taxable year or within 30 days thereafter, (i) at least 50% of the market value of the Portfolio's total assets is represented by cash (including cash items and receivables), U.S. government securities, securities of other RICs and other securities, with such other securities limited, in respect of any one issuer, for purposes of this calculation to an amount not greater than 5% of the value of the Portfolio's total assets and 10% of the outstanding voting securities of such issuer; and (ii) not more than 25% of the value of its total assets is invested in the securities of any one issuer (other than U.S. government securities or securities of other RICs). Prior to the close of each quarter (or within 30 days thereafter), the Portfolio's holdings may be less diversified and are not required to satisfy any diversification test.
The percentage limitations contained in these restrictions apply at the time of purchase of securities. A later change in percentage resulting from changes in the value of the Portfolio's assets or in total or net assets of the Portfolio will not be considered a violation of the restriction and the sale of securities will not be required. The foregoing does not apply to borrowings or investments in illiquid securities. Future portfolios of the Fund may adopt different limitations.
DISCLOSURE OF PORTFOLIO HOLDINGS
The Fund's Board of Directors and the Adviser have adopted policies and procedures regarding disclosure of portfolio holdings (the "Policy"). Pursuant to the Policy, the Adviser may disclose information concerning Fund portfolio holdings only if such disclosure is consistent with the antifraud provisions of the federal securities laws and the Fund's and the Adviser's fiduciary duties to Fund shareholders. In no instance may the Adviser or the Fund receive compensation or any other consideration in connection with the disclosure of information about the portfolio securities of the Fund. Consideration includes any agreement to maintain assets in the Fund or in other investment companies or accounts managed by the Adviser or by any affiliated person of the Adviser. Non-public information concerning portfolio holdings may be divulged to third parties only when the Fund has a legitimate business purpose for doing so and the recipients of the information are subject to a duty of confidentiality. Under no circumstances shall current or prospective Fund shareholders receive non-public portfolio holdings information, except as described below.
The Fund makes available on its public website the following portfolio holdings information:
• complete portfolio holdings information monthly, at least 15 calendar days after the end of each month; and
• top 10 holdings monthly, at least 15 calendar days after the end of each month.
The Fund provides a complete schedule of portfolio holdings for the second and fourth fiscal quarters in its semiannual and annual reports, and for the first and third fiscal quarters in its filings with the SEC on Form N-Q. The Fund's Form N-Qs are available on the SEC's website at http://www.sec.gov and may be reviewed and copied at the SEC's Public Reference Room in Washington, DC. Information on the operation of the Public Reference Room may be obtained by calling 1-800-SEC-0330.
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All other portfolio holdings information that has not been disseminated in a manner making it available to investors generally as described above is non-public information for purposes of the Policy.
The Fund may make selective disclosure of non-public portfolio holdings information pursuant to certain exemptions set forth in the Policy. Third parties eligible for exemptions under the Policy and therefore eligible to receive such disclosures currently include fund rating agencies, information exchange subscribers, consultants and analysts, portfolio analytics providers and service providers, provided that the third party expressly agrees to maintain the disclosed information in confidence and not to trade portfolio securities or related derivative securities based on the non-public information. Non-public portfolio holdings information may not be disclosed to a third party pursuant to an exemption unless and until the third party recipient has entered into a non-disclosure agreement with the Fund and the arrangement has been reviewed and approved as set forth in the Policy and discussed below. In addition, persons who owe a duty of trust or confidence to the Fund or the Adviser may receive non-public portfolio holdings information without entering into a non-disclosure agreement. Currently, these persons include (i) the Fund's independent registered public accounting firm (as of the Fund's fiscal year end and on an as needed basis), (ii) counsel to the Fund (on an as needed basis), (iii) counsel to the independent Directors (on an as needed basis) and (iv) members of the Board of Directors (on an as needed basis). Subject to the terms and conditions of any agreement between the Adviser or the Fund and the third party recipient, if these conditions for disclosure are satisfied, there shall be no restriction on the frequency with which Fund non-public portfolio holdings information is released, and no lag period shall apply (unless otherwise indicated below).
The Adviser may provide interest lists to broker-dealers who execute securities transactions for the Fund without entering into a non-disclosure agreement with the broker-dealers, provided that the interest list satisfies all of the following criteria: (1) the interest list must contain only the CUSIP numbers and/or ticker symbols of securities held in all registered management investment companies advised by the Adviser or any affiliate of the Adviser (the "MSIM Funds") on an aggregate, rather than a fund-by-fund basis; (2) the interest list must not contain information about the number or value of shares owned by a specified MSIM Fund; (3) the interest list may identify the investment strategy, but not the particular MSIM Funds, to which the list relates; and (4) the interest list may not identify the portfolio manager or team members responsible for managing the MSIM Funds.
Fund shareholders may elect in some circumstances to redeem their shares of the Fund in exchange for their pro rata share of the securities held by the Fund. Under such circumstances, Fund shareholders may receive a complete listing of the holdings of the Fund up to seven calendar days prior to making the redemption request provided that they represent in writing that they agree not to disclose or trade on the basis of the portfolio holdings information.
The Fund may discuss or otherwise disclose performance attribution analyses (i.e., mention the effects of having a particular security in the portfolio(s)) where such discussion is not contemporaneously made public, provided that the particular holding has been disclosed publicly. Additionally, any discussion of the analyses may not be more current than the date the holding was disclosed publicly.
The Fund may disclose portfolio holdings to transition managers, provided that the Fund has entered into a non-disclosure or confidentiality agreement with the party requesting that the information be provided to the transition manager and the party to the non-disclosure agreement has, in turn, entered into a non-disclosure or confidentiality agreement with the transition manager.
The Adviser, the Fund and/or the Portfolio currently have entered into ongoing arrangements with the following parties:
Name | Information Disclosed | Frequency(1) | Lag Time | ||||||||||||
Service Providers | |||||||||||||||
RiskMetrics Group (proxy voting agent)(*) | Complete portfolio holdings | Daily basis | (2) | ||||||||||||
State Street Bank and Trust Company(*) | Complete portfolio holdings | As needed | (2) | ||||||||||||
Fund Rating Agencies | |||||||||||||||
Lipper(*) | Top ten and complete portfolio holdings | Monthly basis | Approximately six business days after month end | ||||||||||||
Investment Company Institute(**) | Top ten portfolio holdings | Quarterly basis | Approximately 15 days after quarter end | ||||||||||||
Consultants and Analysts | |||||||||||||||
Citigroup(*) | Complete portfolio holdings | Quarterly basis(5) | At least one day after quarter end |
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Name | Information Disclosed | Frequency(1) | Lag Time | ||||||||||||
Credit Suisse First Boston(*) | Top ten and complete portfolio holdings | Monthly and quarterly basis, respectively | Approximately 10-12 days after month/quarter end | ||||||||||||
Evaluation Associates(*) | Top ten and complete portfolio holdings | Monthly and quarterly basis, respectively(5) | Approximately 10-12 days after month/quarter end | ||||||||||||
Mercer Investment Consulting(*) | Complete portfolio holdings | As needed | (2) | ||||||||||||
Merrill Lynch(*) | Top ten and complete portfolio holdings | Monthly and quarterly basis, respectively(5) | Approximately 10-12 days after month/quarter end | ||||||||||||
Portfolio Analytics Providers | |||||||||||||||
FactSet Research Systems, Inc.(*) | Complete portfolio holdings | Daily basis | One day |
(*) This entity has agreed to maintain Fund non-public portfolio holdings information in confidence and not to trade portfolio securities based on the non-public portfolio holdings information.
(1) Dissemination of portfolio holdings information to entities listed above may occur less frequently than indicated (or not at all).
(2) Information will typically be provided on a real time basis or as soon thereafter as possible.
(3) Complete portfolio holdings will also be provided upon request from time to time on a quarterly basis, with at least a 30 day lag.
(4) Top ten portfolio holdings will also be provided upon request from time to time, with at least a 15 day lag.
(5) This information will also be provided upon request from time to time.
(6) Complete portfolio holdings will also be provided upon request from time to time.
All disclosures of non-public portfolio holdings information made to third parties pursuant to the exemptions set forth in the Policy must be reviewed by Morgan Stanley Investment Management's ("MSIM") Legal and Compliance Division and approved by the Head of the Long-Only Business of MSIM. Disclosures made to third parties in connection with (i) broker-dealer interest lists; (ii) shareholder in-kind distributions; (iii) attribution analyses; or (iv) transition managers are pre-approved for purposes of the Policy. In addition, the following categories of third parties that may receive non-public portfolio holdings information are also pre-approved provided that they enter into non-disclosure agreements (as discussed above): (i) fund rating agencies; (ii) information exchange subscribers; (iii) consultants and analysts (including defined benefit and defined contribution plan sponsors, and variable annuity providers); (iv) portfolio analytics providers; and (v) service providers.
The Adviser shall report quarterly to the Board of Directors (or a designated committee thereof) at the next regularly scheduled meeting: (i) any material information concerning all parties receiving non-public portfolio holdings information pursuant to an exemption; and (ii) any new non-disclosure agreements entered into during the reporting period. Procedures to monitor the use of such non-public portfolio holdings information may include requiring annual certifications that the recipients have utilized such information only pursuant to the terms of the agreement between the recipient and the Adviser and, for those recipients receiving information electronically, acceptance of the information will constitute reaffirmation that the third party expressly agrees to maintain the disclosed information in confidence and not to trade portfolio securities based on the non-public information.
PURCHASE OF SHARES
You may purchase shares of the Portfolio on any day the New York Stock Exchange ("NYSE") is open. The Portfolio reserves the right in its sole discretion (i) to suspend the offering of its shares; (ii) to reject purchase orders when in the judgment of management such rejection is in the best interest of the Fund; and (iii) to reduce or waive the minimum for initial and subsequent investments for certain accounts such as employee benefit plans or under circumstances where certain economies can be achieved in sales of the Portfolio's shares.
Shares of the Portfolio may be purchased at the net asset value per share next determined after receipt by the Fund or its designee of a purchase order as described under "Methods of Purchase" and "Investment through Financial Intermediaries." Shares may, in the Fund's discretion, be purchased with investment securities (in lieu of or, in conjunction with cash) acceptable to the Fund. The securities would be accepted by the Fund at their market value in return for Portfolio shares of equal value. The net asset value per share of the Portfolio is calculated on days that the NYSE is open for business. Net asset value per share is determined as of the close of trading of the NYSE (normally 4:00 p.m. Eastern Time) (for the Portfolio, the "Pricing Time").
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Minimum Investment
The minimum initial investment generally is $5,000,000 for Class I shares, $1,000,000 for Class P shares and $25,000 for Class L shares of the Portfolio. The minimum initial investment will be waived for certain investments, including sales through banks, broker-dealers and other financial institutions (including registered investment advisers and financial planners) purchasing shares on behalf of their clients in (i) discretionary and non-discretionary advisory programs, (ii) fund supermarkets, (iii) asset allocation programs or (iv) other programs in which the client pays an asset-based fee for advice or for executing transactions in Portfolio shares or for otherwise participating in the program. In addition, the minimum initial investment will be waived for: (i) certain retirement plans investing directly with the Fund; (ii) retirement plans investing through certain retirement plan platforms; (iii) certain endowments, foundations and other not for profit entities investing directly with the Fund; (iv) other registered investment companies advised by Morgan Stanley Investment Management or any of its affiliates; (v) Morgan Stanley Investment Management and its affiliates with respect to shares held in connection with certain retirement and deferred compensation programs established for their employees; (vi) the independent Directors of the Fund; and (vii) investments made in connection with certain reorganizations as approved by the Adviser.
The minimum initial investment is $25,000 for Class H shares of the Portfolio.
Methods of Purchase for Class I, Class P and Class L Shares
You may purchase shares directly from the Fund by Federal Funds wire, by bank wire or by check; however, on days that the NYSE is open but the custodian bank is closed, you may only purchase shares by check. Investors may also invest in the Portfolio by purchasing shares through Financial Intermediaries that have made arrangements with the Fund. Some Financial Intermediaries may charge an additional service or transaction fee (see also "Investment Through Financial Intermediaries"). If a purchase is canceled due to nonpayment or because your check does not clear, you will be responsible for any loss the Fund or its agents incur. If you are already a shareholder, the Fund may redeem shares from your account(s) to reimburse the Fund or its agents for any loss. In addition, you may be prohibited or restricted from making future investments in the Fund.
Federal Funds Wire. Purchases may be made by having your bank wire Federal Funds to the Fund's bank account. Federal Funds purchase orders will be accepted only on a day on which the Fund and State Street Bank and Trust Company ("State Street") are open for business. Your bank may charge a service fee for wiring Federal Funds. In order to ensure proper handling of your purchase by Federal Funds wire, please follow these steps.
1. Complete and sign an Account Registration Form and mail it to the address shown thereon.
2. Instruct your bank to wire the specified amount to the Fund's Wire Concentration Bank Account as follows:
State Street Bank and Trust Company
One Lincoln Street
Boston, MA 02111-2101
ABA# 011000028
DDA# 00575373
Attn: Morgan Stanley Institutional Fund, Inc.
Subscription Account
Ref: (Portfolio Name, Account Number, Account Name)
When a purchase order is received prior to the Pricing Time and Federal Funds are received prior to the regular close of the Federal Funds Wire Control Center ("FFWCC") (normally 6:00 p.m. Eastern Time), the purchase will be executed at the net asset value computed on the date of receipt. Purchases for which an order is received after the Pricing Time or for which Federal Funds are received after the regular close of the FFWCC will be executed at the net asset value next determined. Certain institutional investors and financial institutions have entered into agreements with the Fund pursuant to which they may place orders prior to the Pricing Time, but make payment in Federal Funds for those shares the following business day.
Bank Wire. A purchase of shares by bank wire must follow the same procedure as for a Federal Funds wire, described above. However, depending on the time the bank wire is sent and the bank handling the wire, money transferred by bank wire may or may not be converted into Federal Funds prior to the close of the FFWCC. Prior to conversion to Federal Funds and receipt by the Fund, an investor's money will not be invested.
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Check. An account may be opened by completing and signing an Account Registration Form and mailing it, together with a check payable to "Morgan Stanley Institutional Fund, Inc. — [Portfolio name]" to:
Morgan Stanley Institutional Fund, Inc.
c/o Morgan Stanley Services Company Inc.
P.O. Box 219804
Kansas City, MO 64121-9804
A purchase of shares by check ordinarily will be credited to your account at the net asset value per share of the Portfolio determined on the day of receipt.
Additional Investments. You may purchase additional shares for your account at any time by purchasing shares at net asset value by any of the methods described above. For additional purchases directly from the Fund, your account name, account number, the Portfolio name and the class selected must be specified in the letter to assure proper crediting to your account. In addition, you may purchase additional shares by wire by following instructions 1 and 2 under "Federal Funds Wire" above.
Investment Through Financial Intermediaries
Certain Financial Intermediaries have made arrangements with the Fund so that an investor may purchase or redeem shares at the net asset value per share next determined after the Financial Intermediary receives the share order. In other instances, the Fund has also authorized such Financial Intermediaries to designate other intermediaries to receive purchase and redemption orders on the Fund's behalf at the share price next determined after such designees receive the share order. Under these arrangements, the Fund will be deemed to have received a purchase or redemption order when the Financial Intermediary or, if applicable, a Financial Intermediary's authorized designee, receives the share order from an investor.
Conversion to a New Share Class
If the value of an account containing shares of the Portfolio falls below the investment minimum for the class of shares held by the account because of shareholder redemption(s) or the failure to meet one of the waiver criteria set forth in the "Purchase of Shares—Minimum Investment" section and, if the account value remains below such investment minimum, the shares in such account may, at the Adviser's discretion, convert to another class of shares offered by the Portfolio, if an account meets the minimum investment amount for such class, and will be subject to the shareholder services fee and other features applicable to such shares. Conversion to another class of shares will result in holding a share class with higher fees. The Fund will not convert to another class of shares based solely upon changes in the market that reduce the net asset value of shares. Under current tax law, conversion between share classes is not a taxable event to the shareholder. Shareholders will be notified prior to any such conversion.
Involuntary Redemption of Shares
If the value of an account falls below the investment minimum for (i) Class L shares or (ii) Class P shares (where the applicable Portfolio does not offer Class H shares or Class L shares) because of shareholder redemption(s) or you no longer meet one of the waiver criteria set forth in the "Purchase of Shares—Minimum Investment" section and if the account value remains below such investment minimum, the shares in such account may be subject to redemption by the Fund. The Fund will not redeem shares based solely upon changes in the market that reduce the net asset value of shares. If redeemed, redemption proceeds will be promptly paid to the shareholder. Shareholders will be notified prior to any such redemption.
REDEMPTION OF SHARES
The Fund normally makes payment for all shares redeemed within one business day of receipt of the request, and in no event more than seven days after receipt of a redemption request in good order. However, payments to investors redeeming shares which were purchased by check will not be made until payment for the purchase has been collected, which may take up to eight days after the date of purchase. The Fund may suspend the right of redemption or postpone the date of payment (i) during any period that the NYSE is closed, or trading on the NYSE is restricted as determined by the SEC; (ii) during any period when an emergency exists as determined by the SEC as a result of which it is not practicable for the Portfolio to dispose of securities it owns, or fairly to determine the value of its assets; and (iii) for such other periods as the SEC may permit.
Class I, Class P and Class L shares of the Portfolio, if offered, may be redeemed at any time at the net asset value per share next determined after receipt by the Fund or its designee of a redemption order as described under "Methods of Redemption" and "Investment through Financial Intermediaries," which may be more or less than the purchase price of your shares. Shares of the Portfolio redeemed within 30 days of purchase will be subject to a 2% redemption fee, payable to the Portfolio. The redemption fee is designed to protect the Portfolio and its remaining
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shareholders from the effects of short-term trading. The redemption fee is calculated based on, and deducted from, the redemption proceeds. Each time you redeem or exchange shares, the shares held the longest will be redeemed or exchanged first. See the Prospectus for additional information about redeeming shares of the Portfolio.
Methods of Redemption for Class I, Class P and Class L Shares
You may redeem shares directly from the Fund or through the Distributor by mail or by telephone. However, shares purchased through a Financial Intermediary must be redeemed through a Financial Intermediary. Certain Financial Intermediaries may charge an additional service or transaction fee.
By Mail. The Portfolio will redeem shares upon receipt of a redemption request in "good order." Redemption requests may be sent by regular mail to Morgan Stanley Institutional Fund, Inc., c/o Morgan Stanley Services Company Inc., P.O. Box 219804, Kansas City, MO 64121-9804 or, by overnight courier, to Morgan Stanley Institutional Fund, Inc., c/o Morgan Stanley Services Company Inc., 430 West 7th Street, Kansas City, MO 64105.
"Good order" means that the request to redeem shares must include the following:
1. A letter of instruction, if required, or a stock assignment specifying the class and number of shares or dollar amount to be redeemed, signed by all registered owners of the shares in the exact names in which they are registered;
2. Share certificates, if issued;
3. Any required signature guarantees; and
4. Other supporting legal documents, if required, in the case of estates, trusts, guardianships, custodianships, corporations, pension and profit-sharing plans and other organizations.
Redemption requests received in "good order" prior to the Pricing Time will be executed at the net asset value computed on the date of receipt. Redemption requests received after the Pricing Time will be executed at the next determined net asset value. Shareholders who are uncertain of requirements for redemption by mail should consult a Fund representative.
By Telephone. You can redeem Portfolio shares (not purchased through a Financial Intermediary) by calling the Fund and requesting that the redemption proceeds be wired to your bank. Please contact one of the Fund's representatives for further details. To change the commercial bank or account designated to receive redemption proceeds, send a written request to the Fund at the address above. Requests to change the bank or account must be signed by each shareholder and each signature must be guaranteed. The telephone redemption option may be difficult to implement at times, particularly during volatile market conditions. If you experience difficulty in making a telephone redemption, you may redeem shares by mail as described above.
The Fund and the Transfer Agent will employ reasonable procedures to confirm that instructions communicated by telephone are genuine. These procedures include requiring the investor to provide certain personal identification information at the time an account is opened and prior to effecting each telephone transaction. In addition, all telephone transaction requests will be recorded and investors may be required to provide additional telecopied written instructions regarding transactions requests. Neither the Fund nor the Transfer Agent will be responsible for any loss, liability, cost or expense for following instructions received by telephone that either of them reasonably believes to be genuine.
Redemption Through Financial Intermediaries
Certain Financial Intermediaries have made arrangements with the Fund to accept redemption requests. These redemptions may be processed in the same way as purchases made through Financial Intermediaries, as described above.
Further Redemption Information
To protect your account and the Fund from fraud, signature guarantees are required for certain redemptions. Signature guarantees enable the Fund to verify the identity of the person who has authorized a redemption from your account. Signature guarantees are required in connection with: (i) all redemptions, regardless of the amount involved, when the proceeds are to be paid to someone other than the registered owner(s) and/or registered address; and (ii) share transfer requests. An "eligible guarantor institution" may include a bank, a trust company, a credit union or savings and loan association, a member firm of a domestic stock exchange, or a foreign branch of any of the foregoing. Notaries public are not acceptable guarantors. The signature guarantees must appear either: (i) on the written request for redemption; (ii) on a separate instrument for assignment ("stock power") which should specify the total number of shares to be redeemed; or (iii) on all stock certificates tendered for redemption and, if shares held by the Fund are also being redeemed, on the letter or stock power.
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ACCOUNT POLICIES AND FEATURES
Transfer of Shares
Shareholders may transfer Portfolio shares to another person by making a written request to the Fund. The request should clearly identify the account and number of shares to be transferred, and include the signature of all registered owners and all stock certificates, if any, which are subject to the transfer. It may not be possible to transfer shares purchased through a Financial Intermediary. The signature on the letter of request, the stock certificate or any stock power must be guaranteed in the same manner as described under "Redemption of Shares." As in the case of redemptions, the written request must be received in good order before any transfer can be made. Transferring shares may affect the eligibility of an account for a given class of the Portfolio's shares and may result in involuntary conversion or redemption of such shares. Under certain circumstances, the person who receives the transfer may be required to complete a new Account Registration Form.
Valuation of Shares
The net asset value per share of a class of shares of the Portfolio is determined by dividing the total market value of the Portfolio's investments and other assets attributable to such class, less all liabilities attributable to such class, by the total number of outstanding shares of such class of the Portfolio. Net asset value is calculated separately for each class of the Portfolio and may differ due to class specific expenses paid by each class. Net asset value per share of the Portfolio is determined as of the close of the NYSE (normally 4:00 p.m. Eastern Time) on each day that the NYSE is open for business. Price information on listed securities is taken from the exchange where the security is primarily traded. Portfolio securities are generally valued at their market value.
In the calculation of the Portfolio's net asset value: (1) an equity portfolio security listed or traded on the NYSE or other exchange is valued at its latest sale price, prior to the time when assets are valued; if there were no sales that day, the security is valued at the mean between the last reported bid and asked price; (2) an equity portfolio security listed or traded on the Nasdaq is valued at the NASDAQ Official Closing Price; if there were no sales that day, the security is valued at the mean between the last reported bid and asked price; and (3) all other portfolio securities for which OTC market quotations are readily available are valued at the mean between the last reported bid and asked price. In cases where a security is traded on more than one exchange, the security is valued on the exchange designated as the primary market. For equity securities traded on foreign exchanges, the closing price or the latest bid price may be used if there were no sales on a particular day. When market quotations are not readily available, including circumstances under which it is determined by the Adviser that the sale price, the bid price or the mean between the last reported bid and asked price are not reflective of a security's market value, portfolio securities are valued at their fair value as determined in good faith under procedures established by and under the general supervision of the Board. For valuation purposes, quotations of foreign portfolio securities, other assets and liabilities and forward contracts stated in foreign currency are translated into U.S. dollar equivalents at the prevailing market rates prior to the close of the NYSE.
Short-term debt securities with remaining maturities of 60 days or less at the time of purchase are valued at amortized cost, unless the Board determines such valuation does not reflect the securities' market value, in which case these securities will be valued at their fair market value as determined by the Board.
Certain of the Portfolio's securities may be valued by an outside pricing service approved by the Board. The pricing service may utilize a matrix system incorporating security quality, maturity and coupon as the evaluation model parameters, and/or research evaluations by its staff, including review of broker-dealer market price quotations in determining what it believes is the fair valuation of the portfolio securities valued by such pricing service.
Listed options on debt securities are valued at the latest sale price on the exchange on which they are listed unless no sales of such options have taken place that day, in which case they will be valued at the mean between their latest bid and asked prices. Unlisted options on debt securities and all options on equity securities are valued at the mean between their latest bid and asked prices. Futures are valued at the latest price published by the commodities exchange on which they trade unless it is determined that such price does not reflect their market value, in which case they will be valued at their fair value as determined in good faith under procedures established by and under the supervision of the Directors.
Generally, trading in foreign securities, as well as corporate bonds, U.S. government securities and money market instruments, is substantially completed each day at various times prior to the close of the NYSE. The values of such securities used in computing the net asset value of the Portfolio's shares are determined as of such times. Foreign currency exchange rates are also generally determined prior to the close of the NYSE. Occasionally, events which may affect the values of such securities and such exchange rates may occur between the times at which they are determined and the close of the NYSE and will therefore not be reflected in the computation of the Portfolio's net asset value. If
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events that may affect the value of such securities occur during such period, then these securities may be valued at their fair value as determined in good faith under procedures established by and under the supervision of the Directors.
Although the legal rights of Class I, Class P, Class H and Class L shares will be identical, the different expenses borne by each class will result in different net asset values and dividends for the class. Dividends will differ by approximately the amount of the distribution expense accrual differential among the classes. The net asset value of Class P, Class H and Class L shares will generally be lower than the net asset value of Class I shares as a result of the shareholder services fees charged to Class P and Class H shares and the distribution and shareholder services fees charged to Class L shares and certain other class-specific expenses of Class H and Class L shares.
MANAGEMENT OF THE FUND
Directors and Officers
The Board of the Fund consists of 10 Directors. These same individuals also serve as directors or trustees for certain of the funds advised by the Adviser and Morgan Stanley AIP GP LP. Nine Directors have no affiliation or business connection with the Adviser or any of its affiliated persons and do not own any stock or other securities issued by the Adviser's parent company, Morgan Stanley. These Directors are the "non-interested" or "Independent" Directors of the Fund. The other Director (the "Interested Director") is affiliated with the Adviser.
Board Structure and Oversight Function
The Board's leadership structure features an Independent Director serving as Chairperson and the Board Committees described below. The Chairperson participates in the preparation of the agenda for meetings of the Board and the preparation of information to be presented to the Board with respect to matters to be acted upon by the Board. The Chairperson also presides at all meetings of the Board and is involved in discussions regarding matters pertaining to the oversight of the management of the Fund between meetings.
The Board of Directors operates using a system of committees to facilitate the timely and efficient consideration of all matters of importance to the Directors, the Fund and Fund stockholders, and to facilitate compliance with legal and regulatory requirements and oversight of the Fund's activities and associated risks. The Board of Directors has established four standing committees: (1) Audit Committee, (2) Governance Committee, (3) Compliance and Insurance Committee, and (4) Investment Committee. The Audit Committee and the Governance Committee are comprised exclusively of Independent Directors. Each committee charter governs the scope of the committee's responsibilities with respect to the oversight of the Fund. The responsibilities of each committee, including their oversight responsibilities, are described further under the caption "Independent Directors and the Committees."
The Portfolio is subject to a number of risks, including investment, compliance, operational and valuation risk, among others. The Board of Directors oversees these risks as part of its broader oversight of the Fund's affairs through various Board and committee activities. The Board has adopted, and periodically reviews, policies and procedures designed to address various risks to the Portfolio. In addition, appropriate personnel, including but not limited to the Fund's Chief Compliance Officer, members of the Fund's administration and accounting teams, representatives from the Fund's independent registered public accounting firm, the Fund's Treasurer, portfolio management personnel and independent valuation and brokerage evaluation service providers, make regular reports regarding the Fund's activities and related risks to the Board of Directors and the committees, as appropriate. These reports include, among others, quarterly performance reports, quarterly derivatives activity and risk reports and discussions with members of the risk teams relating to each asset class. The Board's committee structure allows separate committees to focus on different aspects of risk and the potential impact of these risks on some or all of the funds in the complex and then report back to the full Board. In between regular meetings, Fund officers also communicate with the Directors regarding material exceptions and items germane to the Board's risk oversight function. The Board recognizes that it is not possible to identify all of the risks that may affect the Portfolio, and that it is not possible to develop processes and controls to eliminate all of the risks that may affect the Portfolio. Moreover, the Board recognizes that it may be necessary for the Portfolio to bear certain risks (such as investment risk) to achieve its investment objective.
As needed between meetings of the Board, the Board or a specific committee receives and reviews reports relating to the Fund and engages in discussions with appropriate parties relating to the Fund's operations and related risks.
Independent Directors
The Fund seeks as Directors individuals of distinction and experience in business and finance, government service or academia. In determining that a particular Director was and continues to be qualified to serve as
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Director, the Board has considered a variety of criteria, none of which, in isolation, was controlling. Based on a review of the experience, qualifications, attributes or skills of each Director, including those enumerated in the table below, the Board has determined that each of the Directors is qualified to serve as a Director of the Fund. In addition, the Board believes that, collectively, the Directors have balanced and diverse experience, qualifications, attributes and skills that allow the Board to operate effectively in governing the Fund and protecting the interests of shareholders. Information about the Fund's Governance Committee and Board of Directors nomination process is provided below under the caption "Independent Directors and the Committees."
The Independent Directors of the Fund, their age, address, term of office and length of time served, their principal business occupations during the past five years, the number of portfolios in the Fund Complex (defined below) overseen by each Independent Director (as of December 31, 2011) and other directorships, if any, held by the Directors, are shown below. The Fund Complex includes all open-end and closed-end funds (including all of their portfolios) advised by the Adviser and any funds that have an adviser that is an affiliate of the Adviser (including, but not limited to, Morgan Stanley AIP GP LP) (the "Morgan Stanley Funds").
Independent Directors:
Name, Age and Address of Independent Director | Position(s) Held with Registrant | Length of Time Served* | Principal Occupation(s) During Past 5 Years | Number of Portfolios in Fund Complex Overseen by Independent Director | Other Directorships Held by Independent Director** | ||||||||||||||||||
Frank L. Bowman (67) c/o Kramer Levin Naftalis & Frankel LLP Counsel to the Independent Directors 1177 Avenue of the Americas New York, NY 10036 | Director | Since August 2006 | President, Strategic Decisions, LLC (consulting) (since February 2009); Director or Trustee of various Morgan Stanley Funds (since August 2006); Chairperson of the Insurance Sub-Committee of the Compliance and Insurance Committee (since February 2007); served as President and Chief Executive Officer of the Nuclear Energy Institute (policy organization) (February 2005-November 2008); retired as Admiral, U.S. Navy after serving over 38 years on active duty including 8 years as Director of the Naval Nuclear Propulsion Program in the Department of the Navy and the U.S. Department of Energy (1996-2004); served as Chief of Naval Personnel (July 1994-September 1996) and on the Joint Staff as Director of Political Military Affairs (June 1992-July 1994); Knighted as Honorary Knight Commander of the Most Excellent Order of the British Empire; Awarded the Officer de l'Orde National du Mérite by the French Government; elected to the National Academy of Engineering (2009). | 102 | Director of BP p.l.c.; Director of Naval and Nuclear Technologies LLP; Director of the Armed Services YMCA of the USA and the Naval Submarine League; Director of the American Shipbuilding Suppliers Association; Member of the National Security Advisory Council of the Center for U. S. Global Engagement and a member of the CNA Military Advisory Board; Member of the American Lung Association's President's Council. | ||||||||||||||||||
* Each Director serves an indefinite term, until his or her successor is elected.
** This includes any directorships at public companies and registered investment companies held by the Director at any time during the past five years.
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Name, Age and Address of Independent Director | Position(s) Held with Registrant | Length of Time Served* | Principal Occupation(s) During Past 5 Years | Number of Portfolios in Fund Complex Overseen by Independent Director | Other Directorships Held by Independent Director** | ||||||||||||||||||
Michael Bozic (71) c/o Kramer Levin Naftalis & Frankel LLP Counsel to the Independent Directors 1177 Avenue of the Americas New York, NY 10036 | Director | Since April 1994 | Private investor; Chairperson of the Compliance and Insurance Committee (since October 2006); Director or Trustee of various Morgan Stanley Funds (since April 1994); formerly, Chairperson of the Insurance Committee (July 2006-September 2006), Vice Chairman of Kmart Corporation (December 1998-October 2000), Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of Levitz Furniture Corporation (November 1995-November 1998) and President and Chief Executive Officer of Hills Department Stores (May 1991-July 1995); variously Chairman, Chief Executive Officer, President and Chief Operating Officer (1987-1991) of the Sears Merchandise Group of Sears, Roebuck & Co. | 104 | Director of various business organizations. | ||||||||||||||||||
Kathleen A. Dennis (58) c/o Kramer Levin Naftalis & Frankel LLP Counsel to the Independent Directors 1177 Avenue of the Americas New York, NY 10036 | Director | Since August 2006 | President, Cedarwood Associates (mutual fund and investment management consulting) (since July 2006); Chairperson of the Money Market and Alternatives Sub-Committee of the Investment Committee (since October 2006) and Director or Trustee of various Morgan Stanley Funds (since August 2006); formerly, Senior Managing Director of Victory Capital Management (1993-2006). | 102 | Director of various non-profit organizations. | ||||||||||||||||||
Dr. Manuel H. Johnson (63) c/o Johnson Smick Group, Inc. 888 16th Street, N.W. Suite 740 Washington, D.C. 20006 | Director | Since July 1991 | Senior Partner, Johnson Smick International, Inc. (consulting firm); Chairperson of the Investment Committee (since October 2006) and Director or Trustee of various Morgan Stanley Funds (since July 1991); Co-Chairman and a founder of the Group of Seven Council (G7C) (international economic commission); formerly, Chairperson of the Audit Committee (July 1991-September 2006), Vice Chairman of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System and Assistant Secretary of the U.S. Treasury. | 104 | Director of NVR, Inc. (home construction). | ||||||||||||||||||
* Each Director serves an indefinite term, until his or her successor is elected.
** This includes any directorships at public companies and registered investment companies held by the Director at any time during the past five years.
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Name, Age and Address of Independent Director | Position(s) Held with Registrant | Length of Time Served* | Principal Occupation(s) During Past 5 Years | Number of Portfolios in Fund Complex Overseen by Independent Director | Other Directorships Held by Independent Director** | ||||||||||||||||||
Joseph J. Kearns (69) c/o Kearns & Associates LLC PMB754 22631 Pacific Coast Highway Malibu, CA 90265 | Director | Since August 1994 | President, Kearns & Associates LLC (investment consulting); Chairperson of the Audit Committee (since October 2006) and Director or Trustee of various Morgan Stanley Funds (since August 1994); formerly, Deputy Chairperson of the Audit Committee (July 2003-September 2006) and Chairperson of the Audit Committee of various Morgan Stanley Funds (since August 1994); CFO of the J. Paul Getty Trust. | 105 | Director of Electro Rent Corporation (equipment leasing) and The Ford Family Foundation. | ||||||||||||||||||
Michael F. Klein (53) c/o Kramer Levin Naftalis & Frankel LLP Counsel to the Independent Directors 1177 Avenue of the Americas New York, NY 10036 | Director | Since August 2006 | Managing Director, Aetos Capital, LLC (since March 2000) and Co-President, Aetos Alternatives Management, LLC (since January 2004); Chairperson of the Fixed Income Sub-Committee of the Investment Committee (since October 2006) and Director or Trustee of various Morgan Stanley Funds (since August 2006); formerly, Managing Director, Morgan Stanley & Co. Inc. and Morgan Stanley Dean Witter Investment Management, President, various Morgan Stanley Funds (June 1998-March 2000) and Principal, Morgan Stanley & Co. Inc. and Morgan Stanley Dean Witter Investment Management (August 1997-December 1999). | 102 | Director of certain investment funds managed or sponsored by Aetos Capital, LLC; Director of Sanitized AG and Sanitized Marketing AG (specialty chemicals). | ||||||||||||||||||
Michael E. Nugent (76) c/o Triumph Capital, L.P. 445 Park Avenue New York, NY 10022 | Chairperson of the Board and Director | Chairperson of the Boards since July 2006 and Trustee since July 1991 | General Partner, Triumph Capital, L.P. (private investment partnership); Chairperson of the Boards of various Morgan Stanley Funds (since July 2006); Director or Trustee of various Morgan Stanley Funds (since July 1991); formerly, Chairperson of the Insurance Committee (until July 2006). | 104 | None. | ||||||||||||||||||
* Each Director serves an indefinite term, until his or her successor is elected.
** This includes any directorships at public companies and registered investment companies held by the Director at any time during the past five years.
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Name, Age and Address of Independent Director | Position(s) Held with Registrant | Length of Time Served* | Principal Occupation(s) During Past 5 Years | Number of Portfolios in Fund Complex Overseen by Independent Director | Other Directorships Held by Independent Director** | ||||||||||||||||||
W. Allen Reed (65) c/o Kramer Levin Naftalis & Frankel LLP Counsel to the Independent Directors 1177 Avenue of the Americas New York, NY 10036 | Director | Since August 2006 | Chairperson of the Equity Sub-Committee of the Investment Committee (since October 2006) and Director or Trustee of various Morgan Stanley Funds (since August 2006); formerly, President and CEO of General Motors Asset Management; Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of the GM Trust Bank and Corporate Vice President of General Motors Corporation (August 1994-December 2005). | 102 | Director of Temple-Inland Industries (packaging and forest products); Director of Legg Mason, Inc. and Director of the Auburn University Foundation. | ||||||||||||||||||
Fergus Reid (79) c/o Joe Pietryka, Inc. 85 Charles Colman Blvd. Pawling, NY 12564 | Director | Since June 1992 | Chairman, Joe Pietryka, Inc.; Chairperson of the Governance Committee and Director or Trustee of various Morgan Stanley Funds (since June 1992). | 105 | Trustee and Director of certain investment companies in the JPMorgan Funds complex managed by JP Morgan Investment Management Inc. | ||||||||||||||||||
The Director who is affiliated with the Adviser or affiliates of the Adviser (as set forth below) and executive officers of the Fund, their age, address, term of office and length of time served, their principal business occupations during the past five years, the number of portfolios in the Fund Complex overseen by the Interested Director (as of December 31, 2011) and the other directorships, if any, held by the Interested Director, are shown below.
Interested Director:
Name, Age and Address of Interested Director | Position(s) Held with Registrant | Length of Time Served* | Principal Occupation(s) During Past 5 Years | Number of Portfolios in Fund Complex Overseen by Interested Director | Other Directorships Held by Interested Director** | ||||||||||||||||||
James F. Higgins (64) c/o Morgan Stanley Services Company Inc. Harborside Financial Center 201 Plaza Two Jersey City, NJ 07311 | Director | Since June 2000 | Director or Trustee of various Morgan Stanley Funds (since June 2000); Senior Advisor of Morgan Stanley (since August 2000). | 103 | Director of AXA Financial, Inc. and The Equitable Life Assurance Society of the United States (financial services). | ||||||||||||||||||
* Each Director serves an indefinite term, until his or her successor is elected.
** This includes any directorships at public companies and registered investment companies held by the Director at any time during the past five years.
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Executive Officers:
Name, Age and Address of Executive Officer | Position(s) Held with Registrant | Length of Time Served** | Principal Occupation(s) During Past 5 Years | ||||||||||||
Arthur Lev (50) 522 Fifth Avenue New York, NY 10036 | President and Principal Executive Officer–Equity and Fixed Income Funds | Since June 2011 | President and Principal Executive Officer (since June 2011) of the Equity and Fixed Income Funds in the Fund Complex; Head of the Long Only Business of Morgan Stanley Investment Management (since February 2011); Managing Director of the Adviser and various entities affiliated with the Adviser (since December 2006). Formerly, Chief Strategy Officer of Morgan Stanley Investment Management Traditional Asset Management business (November 2010-February 2011); General Counsel of Morgan Stanley Investment Management (December 2006-October 2010); Partner and General Counsel of FrontPoint Partners LLC (July 2002-December 2006); Managing Director and General Counsel of Morgan Stanley Investment Management (May 2000-June 2002). | ||||||||||||
Mary Ann Picciotto (39) c/o Morgan Stanley Services Company Inc. Harborside Financial Center 201 Plaza Two Jersey City, NJ 07311 | Chief Compliance Officer | Since May 2010 | Managing Director of the Adviser and various entities affiliated with the Adviser; Chief Compliance Officer of various Morgan Stanley Funds (since May 2010); Chief Compliance Officer of the Adviser (since April 2007). | ||||||||||||
Stefanie V. Chang Yu (45) 522 Fifth Avenue New York, NY 10036 | Vice President | Since December 1997 | Managing Director of the Adviser and various entities affiliated with the Adviser; Vice President of various Morgan Stanley Funds (since December 1997). | ||||||||||||
Francis J. Smith (46) c/o Morgan Stanley Services Company Inc. Harborside Financial Center 201 Plaza Two Jersey City, NJ 07311 | Treasurer and Principal Financial Officer | Treasurer since July 2003 and Principal Financial Officer since September 2002 | Executive Director of the Adviser and various entities affiliated with the Adviser; Treasurer and Principal Financial Officer of various Morgan Stanley Funds (since July 2003). | ||||||||||||
Mary E. Mullin (45) 522 Fifth Avenue New York, NY 10036 | Secretary | Since June 1999 | Executive Director of the Adviser and various entities affiliated with the Adviser; Secretary of various Morgan Stanley Funds (since June 1999). | ||||||||||||
** Each Officer serves an indefinite term, until his or her successor is elected.
In addition, the following individuals who are officers of the Adviser or who are officers of its affiliates serve as assistant secretaries of the Fund: Joanne Antico, Joseph C. Benedetti, Daniel E. Burton, Tara A. Farrelly and Edward J. Meehan.
For each Director, the dollar range of equity securities beneficially owned by the Director in the Fund and in the Family of Investment Companies (Family of Investment Companies includes all of the registered investment companies advised by the Adviser and Morgan Stanley AIP GP LP) for the calendar year ended December 31, 2011 is set forth in the table below.
Name of Director | Dollar Range of Equity Securities in the Fund (As of December 31, 2011) | Aggregate Dollar Range of Equity Securities in All Registered Investment Companies Overseen by Director in Family of Investment Companies (As of December 31, 2011) | |||||||||
Independent: | |||||||||||
Frank L. Bowman(1) | (2 | ) | over $100,000 | ||||||||
Michael Bozic | None | over $100,000 | |||||||||
Kathleen A. Dennis | (3) | over $100,000 | |||||||||
Manuel H. Johnson | None | over $100,000 |
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Name of Director | Dollar Range of Equity Securities in the Fund (As of December 31, 2011) | Aggregate Dollar Range of Equity Securities in All Registered Investment Companies Overseen by Director in Family of Investment Companies (As of December 31, 2011) | |||||||||
Joseph J. Kearns(1) | (4 | ) | over $100,000 | ||||||||
Michael F. Klein | (5 | ) | over $100,000 | ||||||||
Michael E. Nugent | (6 | ) | over $100,000 | ||||||||
W. Allen Reed(1) | (7 | ) | over $100,000 | ||||||||
Fergus Reid(1) | (8 | ) | over $100,000 | ||||||||
Interested: | |||||||||||
James F. Higgins | None | over $100,000 |
1 Includes the total amount of compensation deferred by the Director at his election pursuant to a deferred compensation plan. Such deferred compensation is placed in a deferral account and deemed to be invested in one or more of the Morgan Stanley Funds (or portfolio thereof) that are offered as investment options under the plan.
2 Focus Growth Portfolio ($10,001-$50,000); Growth Portfolio ($10,001-$50,000) and Small Company Growth Portfolio ($10,001-$50,000).
3 Small Company Growth Portfolio ($50,001-$100,000).
4 Emerging Markets Portfolio ($50,001-$100,000) and U.S. Real Estate Portfolio (over $100,000).
5 Emerging Markets Portfolio ($10,001-$50,000); Emerging Markets Domestic Debt Portfolio ($10,001-$50,000); Global Real Estate Portfolio ($10,001-$50,000); International Equity Portfolio ($50,001-$100,000) and Small Company Growth Portfolio ($10,001-$50,000).
6 Global Franchise Portfolio ($50,001-$100,000).
7 Emerging Markets Portfolio ($50,001-$100,000); Growth Portfolio ($50,001-$100,000); International Equity Portfolio ($10,001-$50,000); Small Company Growth Portfolio ($50,001-$100,000) and U.S. Real Estate Portfolio ($10,001-$50,000).
8 Active International Allocation Portfolio (over $100,000); Growth Portfolio (over $100,000); International Equity Portfolio (over $100,000); U.S. Real Estate Portfolio (over $100,000).
As to each Independent Director and his or her immediate family members, no person owned beneficially or of record securities in an investment adviser or principal underwriter of the Fund, or a person (other than a registered investment company) directly or indirectly controlling, controlled by or under common control with an investment adviser or principal underwriter of the Fund.
As of December 31, 2011, the Directors and officers of the Fund, as a group, owned less than 1% of the outstanding common stock of the Portfolio.
Independent Directors and the Committees
Law and regulation establish both general guidelines and specific duties for the Independent Directors. The Board has four committees: (1) Audit Committee, (2) Governance Committee, (3) Compliance and Insurance Committee and (4) Investment Committee. Three of the Independent Directors serve as members of the Audit Committee, three Independent Directors serve as members of the Governance Committee, four Directors, including three Independent Directors, serve as members of the Compliance and Insurance Committee and all of the Directors serve as members of the Investment Committee.
The Independent Directors are charged with recommending to the full Board approval of management, advisory and administration contracts, Rule 12b-1 plans and distribution and underwriting agreements; continually reviewing fund performance; checking on the pricing of portfolio securities, brokerage commissions, transfer agent costs and performance and trading among funds in the same complex; and approving fidelity bond and related insurance coverage and allocations, as well as other matters that arise from time to time. The Independent Directors are required to select and nominate individuals to fill any Independent Director vacancy on the board of any fund that has a Rule 12b-1 plan of distribution.
The Board of Directors has a separately-designated standing Audit Committee established in accordance with Section 3(a)(58)(A) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. The Audit Committee is charged with recommending to the full Board the engagement or discharge of the Fund's independent registered public accounting firm; directing investigations into matters within the scope of the independent registered public
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accounting firm's duties, including the power to retain outside specialists; reviewing with the independent registered public accounting firm the audit plan and results of the auditing engagement; approving professional services provided by the independent registered public accounting firm and other accounting firms prior to the performance of the services; reviewing the independence of the independent registered public account firm; considering the range of audit and non-audit fees; reviewing the adequacy of the Fund's system of internal controls; and reviewing the valuation process. The Fund has adopted a formal, written Audit Committee Charter.
The members of the Audit Committee of the Fund are Joseph J. Kearns, Michael E. Nugent and W. Allen Reed. None of the members of the Fund's Audit Committee is an "interested person," as defined under the 1940 Act, of the Fund (with such disinterested Directors being "Independent Directors" or individually, "Independent Director"). Each Independent Director is also "independent" from the Fund under the listing standards of the NYSE. The Chairperson of the Audit Committee of the Fund is Joseph J. Kearns.
The Board of Directors of the Fund also has a Governance Committee. The Governance Committee identifies individuals qualified to serve as Independent Directors on the Fund's Board and on committees of the Board and recommends such qualified individuals for nomination by the Fund's Independent Directors as candidates for election as Independent Directors, advises the Fund's Board with respect to Board composition, procedures and committees, develops and recommends to the Fund's Board a set of corporate governance principles applicable to the Fund, monitors and makes recommendations on corporate governance matters and policies and procedures of the Fund's Board of Directors and any Board committees and oversees periodic evaluations of the Fund's Board and its committees. The members of the Governance Committee of the Fund are Kathleen A. Dennis, Michael F. Klein and Fergus Reid, each of whom is an Independent Director. The Chairperson of the Governance Committee is Fergus Reid.
The Fund does not have a separate nominating committee. While the Fund's Governance Committee recommends qualified candidates for nominations as Independent Directors, the Board of Directors of the Fund believes that the task of nominating prospective Independent Directors is important enough to require the participation of all current Independent Directors, rather than a separate committee consisting of only certain Independent Directors. Accordingly, each Independent Director (Frank L. Bowman, Michael Bozic, Kathleen A. Dennis, Manuel H. Johnson, Joseph J. Kearns, Michael F. Klein, Michael E. Nugent, W. Allen Reed and Fergus Reid) participates in the election and nomination of candidates for election as Independent Directors for the Fund. Persons recommended by the Fund's Governance Committee as candidates for nomination as Independent Directors shall possess such experience, qualifications, attributes, skills and diversity so as to enhance the Board's ability to manage and direct the affairs and business of the Fund, including, when applicable, to enhance the ability of committees of the Board to fulfill their duties and/or to satisfy any independence requirements imposed by law, regulation or any listing requirements of the NYSE. While the Independent Directors of the Fund expect to be able to continue to identify from their own resources an ample number of qualified candidates for the Fund's Board as they deem appropriate, they will consider nominations from shareholders to the Board. Nominations from shareholders should be in writing and sent to the Independent Directors as described below under the caption "Shareholder Communications."
The Board formed the Compliance and Insurance Committee to address insurance coverage and oversee the compliance function for the Fund and the Board. The Compliance and Insurance Committee consists of Frank L. Bowman, Michael Bozic, James F. Higgins and Manuel H. Johnson. Frank L. Bowman, Michael Bozic and Manuel H. Johnson are Independent Directors. The Chairperson of the Compliance and Insurance Committee is Michael Bozic. The Compliance and Insurance Committee has an Insurance Sub-Committee to review and monitor the insurance coverage maintained by the Fund. The Chairperson of the Insurance Sub-Committee is Frank L. Bowman.
The Investment Committee oversees the portfolio investment process for and reviews the performance of the Fund. The Investment Committee also recommends to the Board to approve or renew the Fund's Investment Advisory, Sub-Advisory and Administration Agreements. The members of the Investment Committee are Frank L. Bowman, Michael Bozic, Kathleen A. Dennis, James F. Higgins, Manuel H. Johnson, Joseph J. Kearns, Michael F. Klein, Michael E. Nugent, W. Allen Reed and Fergus Reid. The Chairperson of the Investment Committee is Manuel H. Johnson.
The Investment Committee has three Sub-Committees, each with its own Chairperson. Each Sub-Committee focuses on the funds' primary areas of investment, namely equities, fixed income and alternatives. The Sub-Committees and their members are as follows:
(1) Equity—W. Allen Reed (Chairperson), Frank L. Bowman and Michael E. Nugent.
(2) Fixed Income—Michael F. Klein (Chairperson), Michael Bozic and Fergus Reid.
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(3) Money Market and Alternatives—Kathleen A. Dennis (Chairperson), James F. Higgins and Joseph J. Kearns.
During the Fund's fiscal year ended December 31, 2011, the Board of Directors held the following meetings:
Board of Directors | 8 | ||||||
Committee/Sub-Committee: | Number of meetings: | ||||||
Audit Committee | 4 | ||||||
Governance Committee | 4 | ||||||
Compliance and Insurance Committee | 4 | ||||||
Insurance Sub-Committee | 1 | ||||||
Investment Committee | 5 | ||||||
Equity Sub-Committee | 5 | ||||||
Fixed Income Sub-Committee | 5 | ||||||
Money Market and Alternatives Sub-Committee | 6 |
Experience, Qualifications and Attributes. The Board has concluded, based on each Director's experience, qualifications and attributes that each Board member should serve as a Director. Following is a brief summary of the information that led to and/or supports this conclusion.
Mr. Bowman has experience in a variety of business and financial matters through his prior service as a Director or Trustee for various other funds in the Fund Complex, where he serves as Chairperson of the Insurance Sub-Committee of the Compliance and Insurance Committee, and as a Director of BP p.l.c. and Naval and Nuclear Technologies LLP. Mr. Bowman also serves as a Director for the Armed Services YMCA of the USA, the Naval Submarine League and the American Shipbuilding Suppliers Association. Mr. Bowman is also a member of the National Security Advisory Council of the Center for U.S. Global Engagement and a member of the CNA Military Advisory Board. Mr. Bowman retired as an Admiral in the U.S. Navy after serving over 38 years on active duty including eight years as Director of the Naval Nuclear Propulsion Program in the Department of the Navy and the Department of Energy (1996-2004). Additionally, Mr. Bowman served as the U.S. Navy's Chief of Naval Personnel where he was responsible for the planning and programming of all manpower, personnel, training and education resources for the U.S. Navy, and on the Joint Staff as Director of Political Military Affairs (1992-1994). In addition, Mr. Bowman served as President and Chief Executive Officer of the Nuclear Energy Institute. Mr. Bowman has received such distinctions as a knighthood as Honorary Knight Commander of the Most Excellent Order of the British Empire and the Officer de l'Orde National du Mérite from the French Government, and was elected to the National Academy of Engineering (2009). He is President of the consulting firm Strategic Decisions, LLC.
With over 20 years of experience on the boards and in senior management of such companies as Kmart Corporation, Levitz Furniture Corporation, Hills Department Stores and Sears Merchandise Group of Sears, Roebuck & Co., where Mr. Bozic also served as Chief Financial Officer of the Merchandise Group, and with over 15 years of experience as a Director or Trustee of certain other funds in the Fund Complex, Mr. Bozic has experience with a variety of financial, management, regulatory and operational issues as well as experience with marketing and distribution. Mr. Bozic has served as the Chairperson of the Compliance and Insurance Committee since 2006.
Ms. Dennis has over 25 years of business experience in the financial services industry and related fields including serving as a Director or Trustee of various other funds in the Fund Complex, where she serves as Chairperson of the Money Market and Alternatives Sub-Committee of the Investment Committee. Ms. Dennis possesses a strong understanding of the regulatory framework under which investment companies must operate based on her years of service to this Board and her position as Senior Managing Director of Victory Capital Management.
In addition to his tenure as a Director or Trustee of various other funds in the Fund Complex, where he formerly served as Chairperson of the Audit Committee, Dr. Johnson has also served as an officer or a board member of numerous companies for nearly 20 years. These positions included Co-Chairman and a founder of the Group of Seven Council, Director of NVR, Inc., Director of Evergreen Energy and Director of Greenwich Capital Holdings. He also has served as Vice Chairman of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System and Assistant Secretary of the U.S. Treasury. In addition, Dr. Johnson also served as Chairman of the Financial Accounting Foundation, which oversees the Financial Accounting Standards Board, for seven years.
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Mr. Kearns gained extensive experience regarding accounting through his experience on the Audit Committees of the boards of other funds in the Funds Complex, including serving as either Chairperson or Deputy Chairperson of the Audit Committee for fourteen years, and through his position as Chief Financial Officer of the J. Paul Getty Trust. He also has experience in financial, accounting, investment and regulatory matters through his position as President and founder of Kearns & Associates LLC, a financial consulting company. Mr. Kearns also serves as a director of Electro Rent Corporation and The Ford Family Foundation. The Board has determined that Mr. Kearns is an "audit committee financial expert" as defined by the SEC.
Through his prior positions as Managing Director of Morgan Stanley & Co. Inc. and Morgan Stanley Dean Witter Investment Management and as President of Morgan Stanley Institutional Funds, Mr. Klein has experience in the management and operation of registered investment companies, enabling him to provide management input and investment guidance to the Board. Mr. Klein also has extensive experience in the investment management industry based on his current positions as Managing Director of Aetos Capital, LLC and as Director of certain investment funds managed or sponsored by Aetos Capital, LLC. In addition, he also has experience as a member of the board of other funds in the Fund Complex.
Mr. Nugent has extensive experience with financial, accounting, investment and regulatory matters through his almost 20 years of service on the boards of various funds in the Fund Complex, including time as the Chairperson of the Insurance Committee and Chairman of the Morgan Stanley Funds. Mr. Nugent also has experience as a General Partner in Triumph Capital, L.P.
Mr. Reed has experience on investment company boards and is experienced with financial, accounting, investment and regulatory matters through his prior service as a Director of iShares Inc. and his service as Trustee and Director of other funds in the Fund Complex. Mr. Reed also gained substantial experience in the financial services industry through his position as Director of Legg Mason, Inc. and prior position as President and CEO of General Motors Asset Management.
Mr. Reid has served on a number of mutual fund boards, including as a Trustee and Director of certain investment companies in the JPMorgan Funds complex and as a Director or Trustee of other funds in the Fund Complex. Therefore, Mr. Reid is experienced with financial, accounting, investment and regulatory matters, enabling him to provide management input and investment guidance to the Board.
Mr. Higgins has over 30 years of experience in the financial services industry. Mr. Higgins has substantial mutual fund experience and is experienced with financial, accounting, investment and regulatory matters due to his experience on the boards of other funds in the Fund Complex. Mr. Higgins also serves on the boards of other companies in the financial services industry, including AXA Financial, Inc. and The Equitable Life Assurance Society of the United States.
The Directors' principal occupations during the past five years or more are shown in the above tables.
Advantages of Having the Same Individuals as Directors for the Morgan Stanley Funds
The Independent Directors and the Fund's management believe that having the same Independent Directors for each of the Morgan Stanley Funds avoids the duplication of effort that would arise from having different groups of individuals serving as Independent Directors for each of the funds or even of sub-groups of funds. They believe that having the same individuals serve as Independent Directors of all the Morgan Stanley Funds tends to increase their knowledge and expertise regarding matters which affect the Fund Complex generally and enhances their ability to negotiate on behalf of each fund with the fund's service providers. This arrangement also precludes the possibility of separate groups of Independent Directors arriving at conflicting decisions regarding operations and management of the funds and avoids the cost and confusion that would likely ensue. Finally, having the same Independent Directors serve on all fund boards enhances the ability of each fund to obtain, at modest cost to each separate fund, the services of Independent Directors of the caliber, experience and business acumen of the individuals who serve as Independent Directors of the Morgan Stanley Funds.
Shareholder Communications
Shareholders may send communications to the Fund's Board of Directors. Shareholders should send communications intended for the Fund's Board by addressing the communications directly to that Board (or individual Board members) and/or otherwise clearly indicating in the salutation that the communication is for the Board (or individual Board members) and by sending the communication to either the Fund's office or directly to such Board member(s) at the address specified for each Director previously noted. Other shareholder communications received by the Fund not directly addressed and sent to the Board will be reviewed and generally
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responded to by management, and will be forwarded to the Board only at management's discretion based on the matters contained therein.
Compensation
Each Director (except for the Chairperson of the Boards) receives an annual retainer fee of $210,000 for serving as a Director the Morgan Stanley Funds.
The Chairperson of the Audit Committee receives an additional annual retainer fee of $78,750 and the Investment Committee Chairperson receives an additional annual retainer fee of $63,000. Other Committee and, effective January 1, 2012, Sub-Committee Chairpersons receive an additional annual retainer fee of $31,500. Prior to January 1, 2012, each Sub-Committee Chairperson received an additional annual retainer fee of $15,750. The aggregate compensation paid to each Director is paid by the Morgan Stanley Funds, and is allocated on a pro rata basis among each of the operational funds/portfolios of the Morgan Stanley Funds based on the relative net assets of each of the funds/portfolios. Michael E. Nugent receives a total annual retainer fee of $420,000 for his services as Chairperson of the Boards of the Morgan Stanley Funds and for administrative services provided to each Board.
The Fund also reimburses such Directors for travel and other out-of-pocket expenses incurred by them in connection with attending such meetings. Directors of the Fund who are employed by the Adviser receive no compensation or expense reimbursement from the Fund for their services as a Director.
Effective April 1, 2004, the Fund began a Deferred Compensation Plan (the "DC Plan"), which allows each Director to defer payment of all, or a portion, of the fees he or she receives for serving on the Board of Directors throughout the year. Each eligible Director generally may elect to have the deferred amounts credited with a return equal to the total return on one or more of the Morgan Stanley Funds (or portfolios thereof) that are offered as investment options under the DC Plan. At the Director's election, distributions are either in one lump sum payment, or in the form of equal annual installments over a period of five years. The rights of an eligible Director and the beneficiaries to the amounts held under the DC Plan are unsecured and such amounts are subject to the claims of the creditors of the Fund.
Prior to April 1, 2004, the Fund maintained a similar Deferred Compensation Plan (the "Prior DC Plan"), which also allowed each Independent Director to defer payment of all, or a portion, of the fees he or she received for serving on the Board of Directors throughout the year. Generally, the DC Plan amends and supersedes the Prior DC Plan and all amounts payable under the Prior DC Plan are now subject to the terms of the DC Plan (except for amounts paid during the calendar year 2004, which remain subject to the terms of the Prior DC Plan).
The following table shows aggregate compensation payable to each of the Fund's Directors from the Fund for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2011 and the aggregate compensation payable to each of the Fund's Directors by the Fund Complex (which includes all of the Morgan Stanley Funds) for the calendar year ended December 31, 2011.
Compensation(1) | |||||||||||
Name of Independent Director: | Aggregate Compensation From the Fund(2) | Total Compensation from Fund and Fund Complex Paid to Directors(3) | |||||||||
Frank L. Bowman | $ | 31,770 | $ | 225,750 | |||||||
Michael Bozic | 33,503 | 241,500 | |||||||||
Kathleen A. Dennis | 31,770 | 225,750 | |||||||||
Manuel H. Johnson | 37,886 | 273,000 | |||||||||
Joseph J. Kearns(2) | 40,093 | 306,750 | |||||||||
Michael F. Klein | 31,770 | 225,750 | |||||||||
Michael E. Nugent | 58,317 | 420,000 | |||||||||
W. Allen Reed(2) | 31,797 | 225,750 | |||||||||
Fergus Reid | 33,503 | 259,500 | |||||||||
Name of Interested Director: | |||||||||||
James F. Higgins | 29,149 | 210,000 |
(1) Includes all amounts paid for serving as director/trustee of the funds, as well as serving as Chairperson of the Boards or a Chairperson of a Committee or Sub-Committee.
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(2) The amounts shown in this column represent the aggregate compensation before deferral with respect to the Fund's fiscal year. The following Directors deferred compensation from the Fund during the fiscal year ended December 31, 2011: Mr. Kearns, $14,834 and Mr. Reed, $31,797.
(3) The amounts shown in this column represent the aggregate compensation paid by all of the funds in the Fund Complex as of December 31, 2011 before deferral by the Directors under the DC Plan. As of December 31, 2011, the value (including interest) of the deferral accounts across the Fund Complex for Messrs. Kearns, Reed and Reid pursuant to the deferred compensation plan was $532,157, $674,903 and $523,935, respectively. Because the funds in the Fund Complex have different fiscal year ends, the amounts shown in this column are presented on a calendar year basis.
Prior to December 31, 2003, 49 of the Morgan Stanley Funds (the "Adopting Funds") had adopted a retirement program under which an Independent Director who retired after serving for at least five years as an Independent Director of any such fund (an "Eligible Director") would have been entitled to retirement payments, based on factors such as length of service, upon reaching the eligible retirement age. On December 31, 2003, the amount of accrued retirement benefits for each Eligible Director was frozen, and will be payable, together with a return of 8% per annum, at or following each such Eligible Director's retirement as shown in the table below.
The following table illustrates the retirement benefits accrued to the Fund's Independent Directors by the Adopting Funds for the calendar year ended December 31, 2011, and the estimated retirement benefits for the Independent Directors from the Adopting Funds for each calendar year following retirement. Only the Directors noted below participated in the retirement program.
Name of Independent Director: | Retirement benefits accrued as fund expenses by all Adopting Funds | Estimated annual benefits upon retirement(1) from all Adopting Funds | |||||||||
Michael Bozic | $ | 42,107 | $ | 43,940 | |||||||
Manuel H. Johnson | $ | 30,210 | $ | 64,338 | |||||||
Michael E. Nugent | $ | 6,805 | $ | 57,539 |
(1) Total compensation accrued under the retirement plan, together with a return of 8% per annum, will be paid annually commencing upon retirement and continuing for the remainder of the Director's life.
Code of Ethics
Pursuant to Rule 17j-1 under the 1940 Act, the Board of Directors has adopted a Code of Ethics for the Fund and approved a Code of Ethics adopted by the Adviser and the Distributor (collectively the "Codes"). The Codes are intended to ensure that the interests of shareholders and other clients are placed ahead of any personal interest, that no undue personal benefit is obtained from the person's employment activities and that actual and potential conflicts of interest are avoided.
The Codes are designed to detect and prevent improper personal trading. The Codes permit personnel subject to the Codes to invest in securities, including securities that may be purchased, sold or held by the Fund, subject to a number of restrictions and controls, including prohibitions against purchases of securities in an initial public offering and a pre-clearance requirement with respect to personal securities transactions.
INVESTMENT ADVISORY AND OTHER SERVICES
Adviser
The Adviser is a wholly-owned subsidiary of Morgan Stanley, a preeminent global financial services firm engaged in securities trading and brokerage activities, as well as providing investment banking, research and analysis, financing and financial advisory services. The principal offices of Morgan Stanley are located at 1585 Broadway, New York, NY 10036, and the principal offices of the Adviser are located at 522 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY 10036. As of March 31, 2012, the Adviser, together with its affiliated asset management companies, had approximately $303.8 billion in assets under management or supervision.
The Adviser provides investment advice and portfolio management services pursuant to an Investment Advisory Agreement and, subject to the supervision of the Fund's Board of Directors, makes each of the Portfolio's day-to-day investment decisions, arranges for the execution of portfolio transactions and generally manages each of the Portfolio's investments. Pursuant to the Investment Advisory Agreement, the Adviser is entitled to receive from each class of shares of the Portfolio an annual management fee, payable quarterly, equal to the percentage of average daily net assets set forth in the table below. The Adviser has agreed to a reduction in the fees payable to it and to reimburse the Portfolio, if necessary, if such fees would cause the total annual operating expenses of the Portfolio to exceed the
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percentage of average daily net assets set forth in the table below. In determining the actual amount of fee waiver and/or expense reimbursement for the Portfolio, if any, the Adviser excludes from annual operating expenses certain investment related expenses. The fee waivers and/or expense reimbursements for the Portfolio will continue for at least one year or until such time as the Fund's Board of Directors acts to discontinue all or a portion of such waivers and/or reimbursements when it deems such action is appropriate.
The following table shows the contractual advisory fee and the maximum expense ratios for the Portfolio.
Portfolio | Contractual Rate of Advisory Fees | Expense Cap Class I | Expense Cap Class P | Expense Cap Class H | Expense Cap Class L | ||||||||||||||||||
Frontier Emerging Markets Portfolio | 1.25% of the Portfolio's average daily net assets | 1.85 | % | 2.10 | % | 2.10 | % | 2.60 | % | ||||||||||||||
Proxy Voting Policy and Proxy Voting Record
The Board of Directors believes that the voting of proxies on securities held by the Fund is an important element of the overall investment process. As such, the Directors have delegated the responsibility to vote such proxies to MSIM.
A copy of MSIM's Proxy Voting Policy ("Proxy Policy") is attached hereto as Appendix A. In addition, a copy of the Proxy Policy, as well as the Fund's most recent proxy voting record for the 12-month period ended June 30, as filed with the SEC, are available without charge on our web site at www.morganstanley.com/im. The Fund's proxy voting record is also available without charge on the SEC's web site at http://www.sec.gov.
Principal Underwriter
Morgan Stanley Distribution, Inc., with principal offices at 522 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY 10036, serves as principal underwriter to the Fund. For information relating to the services provided by Morgan Stanley Distribution, Inc., see "Distribution of Shares."
Fund Administration
The Adviser also provides administrative services to the Fund pursuant to an Administration Agreement. The services provided under the Administration Agreement are subject to the supervision of the officers and the Board of Directors of the Fund and include day-to-day administration of matters related to the corporate existence of the Fund, maintenance of records, preparation of reports, supervision of the Fund's arrangements with its custodian, and assistance in the preparation of the Fund's registration statement under federal laws. For its services under the Administration Agreement, the Fund pays the Adviser a monthly fee which on an annual basis equals 0.08% of the average daily net assets of the Portfolio. The Adviser may compensate other service providers for performing shareholder servicing and administrative services.
Sub-Administrator. Under an agreement between the Administrator and State Street, State Street provides certain administrative services to the Fund. For such services, the Administrator pays State Street a portion of the administrative fee the Administrator receives from the Fund. The Administrator supervises and monitors the administrative and accounting services provided by State Street. Their services are also subject to the supervision of the officers and Board of Directors of the Fund. State Street's business address is One Lincoln Street, Boston, MA 02111-2101.
Custodian
State Street, located at One Lincoln Street, Boston, MA 02111-2101, acts as the Fund's custodian. State Street is not an affiliate of the Adviser or the Distributor. In maintaining custody of foreign assets held outside the United States, State Street employs sub-custodians approved by the Board of Directors of the Fund in accordance with regulations of the SEC for the purpose of providing custodial services for such assets.
In the selection of foreign sub-custodians, the Directors or their delegates consider a number of factors, including, but not limited to, the reliability and financial stability of the institution, the ability of the institution to provide efficiently the custodial services required for the Fund, and the reputation of the institution in the particular country or region.
Dividend Disbursing and Transfer Agent
Morgan Stanley Services Company Inc., P.O. Box 219804, Kansas City, MO 64121-9804, provides dividend disbursing and transfer agency services for the Fund. As Transfer Agent and Dividend Disbursing Agent, the
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Transfer Agent's responsibilities include maintaining shareholder accounts, disbursing cash dividends and reinvesting dividends, processing account registration changes, handling purchase and redemption transactions, mailing prospectuses and reports, mailing and tabulating proxies, and maintaining shareholder records and lists. Pursuant to a Transfer Agency Agreement, the Fund pays Morgan Stanley Services Company Inc. a fee, which has been approved by the Fund's Board of Directors, generally based on the number of classes, accounts and transactions relating to the Portfolio. The Fund and Morgan Stanley Services Company Inc. may enter into agreements with third party intermediaries, pursuant to which such intermediaries agree to provide recordkeeping and other administrative services for their clients who invest in the Portfolio. In such instances, the Fund will pay certain fees to the intermediaries for the services they provide that otherwise would have been performed by Morgan Stanley Services Company Inc.
Portfolio Managers
Other Accounts Managed by the Portfolio Managers
Because the portfolio managers may manage assets for other investment companies, pooled investment vehicles and/or other accounts (including institutional clients, pension plans and certain high net worth individuals), there may be an incentive to favor one client over another resulting in conflicts of interest. For instance, the Adviser may receive fees from certain accounts that are higher than the fee it receives from the Fund, or it may receive a performance-based fee on certain accounts. In those instances, the portfolio managers may have an incentive to favor the higher and/or performance-based fee accounts over the Fund. In addition, a conflict of interest could exist to the extent the Adviser and/or Sub-Advisers have proprietary investments in certain accounts, where portfolio managers have personal investments in certain accounts or when certain accounts are investment options in the Adviser's employee benefits and/or deferred compensation plans. The portfolio manager may have an incentive to favor these accounts over others. If the Adviser manages accounts that engage in short sales of securities of the type in which the Fund invests, the Adviser could be seen as harming the performance of the Fund for the benefit of the accounts engaging in short sales if the short sales cause the market value of the securities to fall. The Adviser has adopted trade allocation and other policies and procedures that it believes are reasonably designed to address these and other conflicts of interest.
Portfolio Manager Compensation Structure
Portfolio managers receive a combination of base compensation and discretionary compensation, comprising a cash bonus and several deferred compensation programs described below. The methodology used to determine portfolio manager compensation is applied across all funds/accounts managed by the portfolio managers.
Base Salary Compensation. Generally, the portfolio managers receive base salary compensation based on the level of their position with the Adviser.
Discretionary Compensation. In addition to base compensation, the portfolio managers may receive discretionary compensation.
Discretionary compensation can include:
• Cash Bonus.
• Morgan Stanley's Long Term Incentive Compensation awards—a mandatory program that defers a portion of discretionary year-end compensation into restricted stock units or other awards based on Morgan Stanley common stock or other plans that are subject to vesting and other conditions. All long term incentive compensation awards are subject to clawback provisions where awards can be cancelled if an employee takes any action, or omits to take any action which; causes a restatement of Morgan Stanley's consolidated financial results; or constitutes a violation of Morgan Stanley's risk policies and standards.
• Investment Management Alignment Plan (IMAP) awards—a mandatory program that defers a portion of discretionary year-end compensation and notionally invests it in designated funds advised by the Adviser or its affiliates. The award is subject to vesting and other conditions. Portfolio managers must notionally invest a minimum of 25% to a maximum of 100% of their IMAP deferral account into a combination of the designated funds they manage that are included in the IMAP fund menu, which may or may not include the Portfolio. In addition to the clawbacks listed above for long term incentive compensation awards, the provision on IMAP awards is further strengthened such that it may also be triggered if an employee's actions cause substantial financial loss on a trading strategy, investment, commitment or other holding provided that previous gains on those positions were relevant to the employees' prior year compensation decisions.
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• Voluntary Deferred Compensation Plans—voluntary programs that permit certain employees to elect to defer a portion of their discretionary year-end compensation and notionally invest the deferred amount across a range of designated investment funds, including funds advised by the Adviser or its affiliates.
Several factors determine discretionary compensation, which can vary by portfolio management team and circumstances. These factors include:
• Revenues generated by the investment companies, pooled investment vehicles and other accounts managed by the portfolio manager.
• The investment performance of the funds/accounts managed by the portfolio manager.
• Contribution to the business objectives of the Adviser.
• The dollar amount of assets managed by the portfolio manager.
• Market compensation survey research by independent third parties.
• Other qualitative factors, such as contributions to client objectives.
• Performance of Morgan Stanley and Morgan Stanley Investment Management, and the overall performance of the investment team(s) of which the portfolio manager is a member.
Other Accounts Managed by Portfolio Manager as of March 31, 2012 (unless otherwise indicated)
Registered Investment Companies | Other Pooled Investment Vehicles | Other Accounts | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Portfolio Managers | Number of Accounts | Total Assets in the Accounts | Number of Accounts | Total Assets in the Accounts | Number of Accounts | Total Assets in the Accounts | |||||||||||||||||||||
Tim Drinkall | 1 | 87.7 million | 3 | 2.6 billion | 19 | (1) | 5.2 billion(1) |
(1) Of these other accounts, three accounts with a total of approximately $1.7 billion, had performance-based fees.
Securities Ownership of Portfolio Manager (as of March 31, 2012, unless otherwise noted)
Portfolio Managers | Portfolio Holdings | ||||||
Tim Drinkall | None |
Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
Ernst & Young LLP, located at 200 Clarendon Street, Boston, MA 02116-5021, serves as the Fund's independent registered public accounting firm and audits the annual financial statements of the Portfolio.
Fund Counsel
Dechert LLP, located at 1095 Avenue of the Americas, New York, NY 10036-6797, acts as the Fund's legal counsel.
DISTRIBUTION AND SHAREHOLDER SERVICES PLANS
Morgan Stanley Distribution, Inc., an indirect wholly owned subsidiary of Morgan Stanley, serves as the Fund's exclusive distributor of Portfolio shares pursuant to a Distribution Agreement. In addition, to promote the sale of Fund shares, the Fund has adopted a Shareholder Services Plan with respect to the Class P shares of the Portfolio, a Shareholder Services Plan with respect to the Class H shares of the Portfolio and a Distribution and Shareholder Services Plan with respect to Class L shares of the Portfolio under Rule 12b-1 of the 1940 Act (each, a "Plan"). Under the Plans, the Portfolio pays the Distributor a shareholder services fee of up to 0.25% of the Class P shares' average daily net assets on an annualized basis. The Portfolio also pays the Distributor a shareholder services fee of up to 0.25% of each of the Class H shares' and Class L shares' average daily net assets on an annualized basis and a distribution fee of up to 0.50% of the Class L shares' average daily net assets on an annualized basis. Morgan Stanley Distribution, Inc. may retain any portion of the fees it does not expend in meeting its obligations to the Fund. The Distributor may compensate financial intermediaries, plan fiduciaries and administrators, which may or may not be affiliated with Morgan Stanley, for providing distribution-related and/or shareholder support services, including account maintenance services, to shareholders (including, where applicable, underlying beneficial owners) of the Fund. The Distributor and the Adviser also may compensate third parties out of their own assets.
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The Plans for the Class P, Class H and Class L shares were approved by the Fund's Board of Directors, including the Independent Directors, none of whom has a direct or indirect financial interest in the operation of a Plan or in any agreements related thereto.
Revenue Sharing
The Adviser and/or the Distributor may pay compensation, out of their own funds and not as an expense of the Portfolio, to Morgan Stanley Smith Barney LLC, a majority-owned broker-dealer subsidiary of Morgan Stanley ("Morgan Stanley Smith Barney"), Citigroup Global Markets Inc. ("CGM"), certain insurance companies and/or other unaffiliated brokers, dealers and other financial intermediaries, including recordkeepers and administrators of various deferred compensation plans ("Intermediaries"), in connection with the sale, distribution, marketing and retention of shares of the Portfolio and/or shareholder servicing. For example, the Adviser or the Distributor may pay additional compensation to an Intermediary for, among other things, promoting the sale and distribution of Portfolio shares, providing access to various programs, mutual fund platforms or preferred or recommended mutual fund lists that may be offered by an Intermediary, granting the Distributor access to an Intermediary's financial advisors and consultants, providing assistance in the ongoing education and training of an Intermediary's financial personnel, furnishing marketing support, maintaining share balances and/or for sub-accounting, recordkeeping, administrative, shareholder, or transaction processing services. Such payments are in addition to any shareholder servicing fees and/or transfer agency fees that may be payable by the Portfolio. The additional payments are generally based on current assets, but may also be based on other measures as determined from time to time by the Adviser and/or the Distributor (e.g., gross sales or number of accounts). The amount of these payments may be different for different Intermediaries. Currently, there are no compensation arrangements in place with other Intermediaries.
With respect to Morgan Stanley Smith Barney and CGM, these payments currently include the following amounts, which are paid in accordance with the applicable compensation structure:
(1) on Class I, Class P, Class H and Class L shares of the Portfolio held in traditional brokerage accounts where Morgan Stanley Smith Barney or CGM is designated by purchasers as broker-dealer of record, an ongoing annual fee in an amount up to 0.13% of the total average monthly net asset value of such shares.
(2) on Class I and Class P shares of the Portfolio held in traditional brokerage accounts in the Morgan Stanley channel of Morgan Stanley Smith Barney, in addition to the amounts referenced in paragraph (1) above, an ongoing annual fee in an amount up to 35% of the Portfolio's advisory fees accrued from the average daily net asset value of such shares.
(3) On Class I and Class P shares of the Portfolio held in taxable accounts through any fee-based advisory program offered by Morgan Stanley Smith Barney, an ongoing annual fee in an amount up to 0.08% of the total average monthly net asset value of such shares.
The prospect of receiving, or the receipt of, additional compensation as described above by Morgan Stanley Smith Barney and CGM may provide Morgan Stanley Smith Barney and CGM and their financial advisors and other salespersons with an incentive to favor sales of shares of the Portfolio over other investment options with respect to which Morgan Stanley Smith Barney and CGM do not receive additional compensation (or receives lower levels of additional compensation). These payment arrangements, however, will not change the price that an investor pays for shares of the Portfolio or the amount that the Portfolio receive to invest on behalf of an investor. Investors may wish to take such payment arrangements into account when considering and evaluating any recommendations relating to Portfolio shares and should review carefully any disclosure provided by Morgan Stanley Smith Barney and CGM as to their compensation. Currently, there are no compensation arrangements in place with other Intermediaries.
BROKERAGE PRACTICES
Portfolio Transactions
The Adviser is responsible for decisions to buy and sell securities for the Portfolio, for broker-dealer selection and for negotiation of commission rates. The Adviser is prohibited from directing brokerage transactions on the basis of the referral of clients or the sale of shares of advised investment companies. Purchases and sales of securities on a stock exchange are effected through brokers who charge a commission for their services. In the OTC market, securities may be traded as agency transactions through broker dealers or traded on a "net" basis with dealers acting as principal for their own accounts without a stated commission, although the price of the security usually includes profit to the dealer. In underwritten offerings, securities are purchased at a fixed price which includes an amount of compensation to the underwriter, generally referred to as the underwriter's concession or discount. When securities are purchased or sold directly from or to an issuer, no commissions or discounts are paid.
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On occasion, the Portfolio may purchase certain money market instruments directly from an issuer without payment of a commission or concession. Money market instruments are generally traded on a "net" basis with dealers acting as principal for their own accounts without a stated commission, although the price of the security usually includes a profit to the dealer.
The Fund anticipates that certain of its transactions involving foreign securities will be effected on securities exchanges. Fixed commissions on such transactions are generally higher than negotiated commissions on domestic transactions. There is also generally less government supervision and regulation of foreign securities exchanges and brokers than in the United States.
The Adviser serves as investment adviser to a number of clients, including other investment companies. The Adviser attempts to equitably allocate purchase and sale transactions among the portfolios of the Fund and other client accounts. To that end, the Adviser considers various factors, including respective investment objectives, relative size of portfolio holdings of the same or comparable securities, availability of cash for investment, size of investment commitments generally held and the opinions of the persons responsible for managing the portfolios of the Fund and other client accounts.
The Adviser selects the brokers or dealers that will execute the purchases and sales of investment securities for the Portfolio. The Adviser effects transactions with those broker-dealers that it believes provide prompt execution of orders in an effective manner at the most favorable prices. The Adviser may place portfolio transactions with those brokers and dealers who also furnish research and other services to the Fund and/or the Adviser. Services provided may include certain research services (as described below), as well as effecting securities transactions and performing functions incidental thereto (such as clearance, settlement and custody).
The Adviser and its affiliated investment advisers have established commission sharing arrangements under a commission management program (the "Commission Management Program" or "CMP"), pursuant to which execution and research costs or a portion of those costs are decoupled in accordance with applicable laws, rules and regulations. Under the CMP, the Adviser and its affiliated investment advisers select approved equity brokers (which include the Adviser's affiliates) for execution services and after accumulation of commissions at such brokers, the Adviser and/or its affiliates instruct these approved equity brokers to pay for eligible research provided by executing brokers or third-party research providers, which are selected independently by a Research Services Committee of the Adviser and its affiliated investment advisers. Generally, the Adviser and its affiliated investment advisers will direct the approved equity broker to record research credits based upon a previously agreed-upon allocation and will periodically instruct the approved equity broker to direct specified dollar amounts from that pool to pay for eligible research services provided by third-party research providers and executing brokers. The research credits are pooled among the Adviser and its affiliated investment advisers and allocated on behalf of both the Adviser and its affiliated investment advisers. Likewise, the research services obtained under the CMP are shared among the Adviser and its affiliated investment advisers.
Selection of approved equity brokers for execution is based on three main criteria: access to liquidity, provision of capital and quality of execution. Under the CMP, each approved equity broker is responsible for the payment of fees for research services and obtains the research services pursuant to written agreements between the approved equity broker and the third-party research provider.
For those costs not decoupled, but retained by broker-dealers, the Adviser also effects transactions with brokers which directly pay for research services provided by those brokers in accordance with Section 28(e) of the 1934 Act. Such transactions include equity transactions and may include fixed-income transactions effected on an agency basis.
Transactions involving client accounts managed by two or more affiliated investment advisers may be aggregated and executed using the services of broker-dealers that provide third party benefits/research so long as: (i) all client accounts involved in the transaction benefit from one or more of the services offered by such broker-dealer; and (ii) each affiliated investment adviser has approved the use of such broker-dealer and the services provided thereby.
The research services received include those of the nature described above and other services which aid the Adviser in fulfilling its investment decision making responsibilities, including (a) furnishing advice as to the value of securities, the advisability of investing in, purchasing or selling securities, and the availability of securities or purchasers or sellers of securities; and (b) furnishing analyses and reports concerning issuers, industries, securities, economic factors and trends, portfolio strategy and the performance of accounts. Where a particular item (such as proxy services) has both research and non-research related uses, the Adviser will make a reasonable allocation of the cost of the item between research and non-research uses and will only pay for the portion of the cost allocated to research uses with client brokerage transactions. Research services furnished or paid for by brokers through whom the Adviser effects transactions for a particular account may be used by the Adviser or its affiliated
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investment advisers in servicing their other accounts, and not all such services may be used for the benefit of the client which pays the brokerage commission that results in the receipt of such research services. Commissions paid to brokers providing research services may be higher than those charged by brokers not providing services.
The Adviser and its affiliated investment advisers make a good faith determination of the value of research services in accordance with Section 28(e) of the 1934 Act, UK Financial Services Authority Rules and other relevant regulatory requirements.
Certain investment professionals and other employees of the Adviser are also officers of affiliated investment advisers and may provide investment advisory services to clients of such affiliated investment advisers. The Adviser's personnel also provide research and trading support to personnel of certain affiliated investment advisers. Research related costs may be shared by affiliated investment advisers and may benefit the clients of such affiliated investment advisers. Research services that benefit the Adviser may be received in connection with commissions generated by clients of its affiliated investment advisers. Similarly, research services received in connection with commissions generated by the Adviser's clients may benefit affiliated investment advisers and their clients. Moreover, research services provided by broker-dealers through which the Adviser effects transactions for a particular account may be used by the Adviser and/or an affiliated investment adviser in servicing its other accounts and not all such research services may be used for the benefit of the particular client, which pays the brokerage commission giving rise to the receipt of such research services.
Affiliated Brokers
Subject to the overriding objective of obtaining the best execution of orders, the Fund may use broker-dealer affiliates of the Adviser to effect Portfolio brokerage transactions, including transactions in futures contracts and options on futures contracts, under procedures adopted by the Fund's Board of Directors. In order to use such affiliates, the commission rates and other remuneration paid to the affiliates must be fair and reasonable in comparison to those of other broker-dealers for comparable transactions involving similar securities being purchased or sold during a comparable time period. This standard would allow the affiliated broker or dealer to receive no more than the remuneration which would be expected to be received by an unaffiliated broker.
Pursuant to an order issued by the SEC, the Fund is permitted to engage in principal transactions involving money market instruments, subject to certain conditions, with Morgan Stanley & Co. LLC, a broker-dealer affiliated with the Fund's Adviser.
Portfolio Turnover
The Portfolio generally does not invest for short-term trading purposes; however, when circumstances warrant, the Portfolio may sell investment securities without regard to the length of time they have been held. Market conditions in a given year could result in a higher or lower portfolio turnover rate than expected and the Portfolio will not consider portfolio turnover rate a limiting factor in making investment decisions consistent with its investment objective and policies. Higher portfolio turnover (e.g., over 100%) necessarily will cause the Portfolio to pay correspondingly increased brokerage and trading costs. In addition to transaction costs, higher portfolio turnover may result in the realization of capital gains. As discussed under "Taxes," to the extent net short-term capital gains are realized, any distributions resulting from such gains are considered ordinary income for federal income tax purposes.
GENERAL INFORMATION
Fund History
The Fund was incorporated pursuant to the laws of the State of Maryland on June 16, 1988 under the name Morgan Stanley Institutional Fund, Inc. The Fund filed a registration statement with the SEC registering itself as an open-end management investment company offering diversified and non-diversified series under the 1940 Act and its shares under the 1933 Act, as amended, and commenced operations on November 15, 1988. On December 1, 1998, the Fund changed its name to Morgan Stanley Dean Witter Institutional Fund, Inc. Effective May 1, 2001, the Fund changed its name to Morgan Stanley Institutional Fund, Inc.
Description of Shares and Voting Rights
The Fund's Amended and Restated Articles of Incorporation permit the Directors to issue 53.5 billion shares of common stock, par value $.001 per share ($.003 with respect to the Emerging Markets Domestic Debt Portfolio—Class I, Class P, Class H and Class L shares), from an unlimited number of classes or series of shares. The shares of the Portfolio of the Fund, when issued, are fully paid and nonassessable, and have no preference as
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to conversion, exchange, dividends, retirement or other features. Portfolio shares have no pre-emptive rights. The shares of the Fund have non-cumulative voting rights, which means that the holders of more than 50% of the shares voting for the election of Directors can elect 100% of the Directors if they choose to do so. Shareholders are entitled to one vote for each full share held (and a fractional vote for each fractional share held), then standing in their name on the books of the Fund. No portfolio of the Fund is subject to the liabilities of any other portfolio of the Fund.
Dividends and Capital Gains Distributions
The Fund's policy is to distribute substantially all of the Portfolio's net investment income, if any. The Fund may also distribute any net realized capital gains in the amount and at the times that will avoid both income (including taxable gains) taxes on it and the imposition of the federal excise tax on income and capital gains (see "Taxes"). However, the Fund may also choose to retain net realized capital gains and pay taxes on such gains. The amounts of any income dividends or capital gains distributions cannot be predicted.
Any dividend or distribution paid shortly after the purchase of shares of the Portfolio by an investor may have the effect of reducing the per share net asset value of that Portfolio by the per share amount of the dividend or distribution. Furthermore, such dividends or distributions, although in effect a return of capital, are subject to income taxes for shareholders subject to tax as set forth herein and in the applicable Prospectus.
As set forth in the Prospectus, unless the shareholder elects otherwise in writing, all dividends and capital gains distributions for a class of shares are automatically reinvested in additional shares of the same class of the Portfolio at net asset value (as of the business day following the record date). This automatic reinvestment of dividends and distributions will remain in effect until the shareholder notifies the Fund by telephone or in writing that either the Income Option (income dividends in cash and capital gain distributions reinvested in shares at net asset value) or the Cash Option (both income dividends and capital gains distributions in cash) has been elected. It may take up to three business days to effect this change. An account statement is sent to shareholders whenever a dividend or distribution is paid.
TAXES
The following is only a summary of certain additional federal income tax considerations generally affecting the Fund, Portfolio and its shareholders. No attempt is made to present a detailed explanation of the federal, state or local tax treatment of the Fund, Portfolio or shareholders, and the discussion here and in the Prospectus is not intended to be a substitute for careful tax planning.
The following general discussion of certain federal income tax consequences is based on the Code and the regulations issued thereunder as in effect on the date of this SAI. New legislation, as well as administrative changes or court decisions, may significantly change the conclusions expressed herein, and may have a retroactive effect with respect to the transactions contemplated herein.
The Portfolio within the Fund is generally treated as a separate corporation for federal income tax purposes. Thus, the provisions of the Code generally will be applied to the Portfolio separately, rather than to the Fund as a whole.
Regulated Investment Company Qualification
The Portfolio intends to qualify and elect to be treated for each taxable year as a RIC under Subchapter M of the Code. In order to so qualify, the Portfolio must, among other things, (i) derive at least 90% of its gross income each taxable year from dividends, interest, payments with respect to securities loans, gains from the sale or other disposition of stock, securities or foreign currencies, and other income derived with respect to its business of investing in such stock, securities or currencies, including, generally, certain gains from options, futures and forward contracts; and (ii) diversify its holdings so that, at the end of each fiscal quarter of the Portfolio's taxable year, (a) at least 50% of the market value of the Portfolio's total assets is represented by cash and cash items, U.S. government securities, securities of other RICs, and other securities, with such other securities limited, in respect to any one issuer, to an amount not greater than 5% of the value of the Portfolio's total assets or 10% of the outstanding voting securities of such issuer, and (b) not more than 25% of the value of its total assets are invested in the securities (other than U.S. government securities or securities of other RICs) of any one issuer or two or more issuers which the Portfolio controls and which are engaged in the same, similar, or related trades or businesses. For purposes of the 90% gross income requirement described above, foreign currency gains will generally be treated as qualifying income under current federal income tax law. However, the Code expressly provides the U.S. Treasury with authority to issue regulations that would exclude foreign currency gains from qualifying income if such gains are not directly related to a RIC's business of investing in stock or securities (or options or futures with respect to
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stocks or securities). While to date the U.S. Treasury has not exercised this regulatory authority, there can be no assurance that it will not issue regulations in the future (possibly with retroactive application) that would treat some or all of the Portfolio's foreign currency gains as non-qualifying income.
For purposes of the 90% test described above, dividends received by the Portfolio will be treated as qualifying income to the extent they are attributable to the issuer's current and accumulated earnings and profits. Distributions in excess of the distributing issuer's current and accumulated earnings and profits will first reduce the Portfolio's basis in the stock as a return of capital and will not qualify as gross income. Distributions in excess of the Portfolio's basis in the stock will qualify for the 90% test discussed above as the distribution will be treated as gain from the sale of stock. This gain will be long-term capital gain if the Portfolio held the stock for more than a year.
For purposes of the diversification requirement described above, the Portfolio will not be treated as in violation of such requirement as a result of a discrepancy between the value of its various investments and the diversification percentages described above, unless such discrepancy exists immediately following the acquisition of any security or other property and is wholly or partly the result of such acquisition. Moreover, even in the event of noncompliance with the diversification requirement as of the end of any given quarter, the Portfolio is permitted to cure the violation by eliminating the discrepancy causing such noncompliance within a period of 30 days from the close of the relevant quarter other than its first quarter following its election to be taxed as a RIC.
Net income derived from an interest in a "qualified publicly traded partnership," as defined in the Code, will be treated as qualifying income for purposes of the income requirement in clause (i) above. In addition, for the purposes of the diversification requirements in clause (ii) above, the outstanding voting securities of any issuer includes the equity securities of a qualified publicly traded partnership, and no more than 25% of the value of a RIC's total assets may be invested in the securities of one or more qualified publicly traded partnerships. The separate treatment for publicly traded partnerships under the passive loss rules of the Code applies to a RIC holding an interest in a qualified publicly traded partnership, with respect to items attributable to such interest.
In addition to the requirements described above, in order to qualify as a RIC, the Portfolio must distribute at least 90% of its investment company taxable income (which generally includes dividends, taxable interest, and the excess of net short-term capital gains over net long-term capital losses less operating expenses) and at least 90% of its net tax-exempt interest income, for each tax year, if any, to its shareholders. If the Portfolio meets all of the RIC requirements, it will not be subject to federal income tax on any of its investment company taxable income or capital gains that it distributes to shareholders.
If the Portfolio fails to qualify as a RIC for any taxable year, all of its net income will be subject to tax at regular corporate rates (whether or not distributed to shareholders), and its distributions (including capital gains distributions) will be taxable as income dividends to its shareholders to the extent of the Portfolio's current and accumulated earnings and profits, and will be eligible for the dividends-received deduction for corporate shareholders.
General Tax Treatment of Qualifying RICs and Shareholders
The Portfolio intends to distribute substantially all of its net investment income (including, for this purpose, net short-term capital gains) to shareholders. Dividends from the Portfolio's net investment income generally are taxable to shareholders as ordinary income, whether received in cash or in additional shares. Certain income distributions paid by the Portfolio to individual shareholders are taxed at rates equal to those applicable to net long-term capital gains (currently 15%). This tax treatment applies only if certain holding period requirements are satisfied by the shareholder and the dividends are attributable to qualified dividends received by the Portfolio itself. For this purpose, "qualified dividends" means dividends received by the Portfolio from certain U.S. corporations and qualifying foreign corporations, provided that the Portfolio satisfies certain holding period and other requirements in respect of the stock of such corporations. Distributions received from REITs are generally comprised of ordinary income dividends and capital gains dividends, which are generally passed along to shareholders retaining the same character and are subject to tax accordingly, as described above. In the case of securities lending transactions, payments in lieu of dividends are not qualified dividends. Dividends received by the Portfolio from REITs are qualified dividends eligible for this lower tax rate only in limited circumstances. These special rules relating to the taxation of ordinary income dividends from regulated investment companies generally apply to taxable years beginning before January 1, 2013. Thereafter, the Portfolio's dividends, other than capital gain dividends, will be fully taxable at ordinary income tax rates unless further Congressional legislative action is taken.
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A dividend paid by the Portfolio to a shareholder will not be treated as qualified dividend income of the shareholder if (1) the dividend is received with respect to any share held for fewer than 61 days during the 121-day period beginning on the date which is 60 days before the date on which such share becomes ex-dividend with respect to such dividend, (2) to the extent that the recipient is under an obligation (whether pursuant to a short sale or otherwise) to make related payments with respect to positions in substantially similar or related property or (3) if the recipient elects to have the dividend treated as investment income for purposes of the limitation on deductibility of investment interest.
You should also be aware that the benefits of the reduced tax rate applicable to long-term capital gains and qualified dividend income may be impacted by the application of the alternative minimum tax to individual shareholders.
Dividends paid to you out of the Portfolio's investment company taxable income that are not attributable to qualified dividends generally will be taxable to you as ordinary income (currently at a maximum federal income tax rate of 35%, except as noted above) to the extent of the Portfolio's earnings and profits. Distributions to you of net capital gain (the excess of net long-term capital gain over net short-term capital loss), if any, will be taxable to you as long-term capital gain, regardless of how long you have held your Fund shares.
Distributions of net long-term capital gains, if any, are taxable to shareholders as long-term capital gains regardless of how long a shareholder has held the Portfolio's shares and regardless of whether the distribution is received in additional shares or in cash. Under current law, for taxable years beginning before January 1, 2013 the maximum tax rate on long-term capital gains available to non-corporate shareholders generally is 15%.
The Portfolio will decide whether to distribute or to retain all or part of any net capital gains (the excess of net long-term capital gains over net short-term capital losses) in any year for reinvestment. Distributions of net capital gains are taxable to shareholders as a long-term capital gain regardless of how long shareholders have held their shares. The Portfolio will send reports annually to shareholders regarding the federal income tax status of all distributions made for the preceding year. To the extent such amounts include distributions received from a REIT, they may be based on estimates and be subject to change as REITs do not always have the information available by the time these reports are due and can recharacterize certain amounts after the end of the tax year. As a result, the final character and amount of distributions may differ from that initially reported. If any such gains are retained, the Portfolio will pay federal income tax thereon, and, if the Portfolio makes an election, the shareholders will include such undistributed gains in their income, and will increase their tax basis in Portfolio shares by the difference between the amount of the includable gains and the tax deemed paid by the shareholder in respect of such shares. The shareholder will be able to claim their share of the tax paid by the Portfolio as a refundable credit.
Shareholders generally are taxed on any ordinary dividend or capital gain distributions from the Portfolio in the year they are actually distributed. However, if any such dividends or distributions are declared in October, November or December, to shareholders of record of such month and paid in January, then such amounts will be treated for tax purposes as received by the shareholders on December 31.
After the end of each calendar year, shareholders will be sent information on their dividends and capital gain distributions for tax purposes, including the portion taxable as ordinary income, the portion taxable as long-term capital gains, and the amount of any dividends eligible for the federal dividends received deduction for corporations.
Gains or losses on the sale of securities by the Portfolio held as a capital asset will generally be long-term capital gains or losses if the securities have a tax holding period of more than one year at the time of such sale. Gains or losses on the sale of securities with a tax holding period of one year or less will be short-term capital gains or losses. Special tax rules described below may change the normal treatment of gains and losses recognized by the Portfolio when it makes certain types of investments. Those special tax rules can, among other things, affect the treatment of capital gain or loss as long-term or short-term and may result in ordinary income or loss rather than capital gain or loss. The application of these special rules would therefore also affect the character of distributions made by the Portfolio.
A gain or loss realized by a shareholder on the sale, exchange or redemption of shares of the Portfolio held as a capital asset will be capital gain or loss, and such gain or loss will be long-term if the holding period for the shares exceeds one year and otherwise will be short-term. Any loss realized on a sale, exchange or redemption of shares of the Portfolio will be disallowed to the extent the shares disposed of are replaced with substantially identical shares within the 61-day period beginning 30 days before and ending 30 days after the shares are disposed of. Any loss realized by a shareholder on the disposition of shares held six months or less is treated as a long-term
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capital loss to the extent of any distributions of net long-term capital gains received by the shareholder with respect to such shares or any inclusion of undistributed capital gain with respect to such shares. The ability to deduct capital losses may otherwise be limited under the Code.
Due to recent legislation, the Portfolio (or its administrative agent) is required to report to the Internal Revenue Service ("IRS") and furnish to Portfolio shareholders the cost basis information for sale transactions of shares purchased on or after January 1, 2012. Shareholders may elect to have one of several cost basis methods applied to their account when calculating the cost basis of shares sold, including average cost, FIFO ("first-in, first-out") or some other specific identification method. Unless you instruct otherwise, the Portfolio will use average cost as its default cost basis method, and will treat sales as first coming from shares purchased prior to January 1, 2012. If average cost is used for the first sale of Portfolio shares covered by these new rules, the shareholder may only use an alternative cost basis method for shares purchased prospectively. Portfolio shareholders should consult with their tax advisors to determine the best cost basis method for their tax situation.
The Portfolio will generally be subject to a nondeductible 4% federal excise tax to the extent it fails to distribute by the end of any calendar year at least 98% of its ordinary income for that year and 98.2% of its capital gain net income (the excess of short- and long-term capital gains over short- and long-term capital losses, including any available capital loss carryforwards) for the one-year period ending on October 31 of that year, plus certain other amounts. The Portfolio intends to make sufficient distributions or deemed distributions of its ordinary income and capital gain net income, prior to the end of each calendar year to avoid liability for federal excise tax, but can give no assurances that all such liability will be eliminated.
The Fund may be required to withhold and remit to the U.S. Treasury an amount equal (as of the date hereof) to 28% (scheduled to increase to 31% after 2012) of any dividends, capital gains distributions and redemption proceeds paid to any individual or certain other non-corporate shareholder (i) who has failed to provide a correct taxpayer identification number (generally an individual's social security number or non-individual's employer identification number) on the Account Registration Form; (ii) who is subject to backup withholding as notified by the IRS; or (iii) who has not certified to the Fund that such shareholder is not subject to backup withholding. This backup withholding is not an additional tax, and any amounts withheld would be sent to the IRS as an advance payment of taxes due on a shareholder's income for such year.
The Fund may make investments in which it recognizes income or gain prior to receiving cash with respect to such investment. For example, under certain tax rules, the Fund may be required to accrue a portion of any discount at which certain securities are purchased as income each year even though the Fund receives no payments in cash on the security during the year. To the extent that the Fund makes such investments, it generally would be required to pay out such income or gain as a distribution in each year to avoid taxation at the Fund level. Such distributions will be made from the available cash of the Fund or by liquidation of portfolio securities if necessary. If a distribution of cash necessitates the liquidation of portfolio securities, the Adviser will select which securities to sell. The Fund may realize a gain or loss from such sales. In the event the Fund realizes net capital gains from such transactions, the Fund and consequently its shareholders may receive a larger capital gain distribution, if any, than they would in the absence of such transactions.
Special Rules for Certain Foreign Currency and Derivatives Transactions
In general, gains from foreign currencies and from foreign currency options, foreign currency futures and forward foreign exchange contracts relating to investments in stock, securities or foreign currencies are currently considered to be qualifying income for purposes of determining whether the Portfolio qualifies as a RIC.
Under Section 988 of the Code, special rules are provided for certain transactions in a foreign currency other than the taxpayer's functional currency (i.e., unless certain special rules apply, currencies other than the U.S. dollar). In general, foreign currency gains or losses from forward contracts, from futures contracts that are not "regulated futures contracts," and from unlisted options will be treated as ordinary income or loss under Section 988 of the Code. Also, certain foreign exchange gains or losses derived with respect to foreign fixed income securities are also subject to Section 988 treatment. In general, therefore, Section 988 gains or losses will increase or decrease the amount of the Portfolio's investment company taxable income available to be distributed to shareholders as ordinary income, rather than increasing or decreasing the amount of the Portfolio's net capital gain.
The Portfolio's investment in options, swaps and related transactions, futures contracts and forward contracts, options on futures contracts and stock indices and certain other securities, including transactions involving actual or deemed short sales or foreign exchange gains or losses are subject to many complex and special tax rules. For example, OTC options on debt securities and equity options, including options on stock and on narrow-based stock indexes, will be subject to tax under Section 1234 of the Code, generally producing a long-term or short-term
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capital gain or loss upon exercise, lapse or closing out of the option or sale of the underlying stock or security. By contrast, the Portfolio's treatment of certain other options, futures and forward contracts entered into by the Portfolio is generally governed by Section 1256 of the Code. These "Section 1256" positions generally include listed options on debt securities, options on broad-based stock indexes, options on securities indexes, options on futures contracts, regulated futures contracts and certain foreign currency contracts and options thereon.
When the Portfolio holds options or futures contracts which substantially diminish their risk of loss with respect to other positions (as might occur in some hedging transactions), this combination of positions could be treated as a "straddle" for tax purposes, resulting in possible deferral of losses, adjustments in the holding periods of Portfolio securities and conversion of short-term capital losses into long-term capital losses. Certain tax elections exist for mixed straddles (i.e., straddles comprised of at least one Section 1256 position and at least one non-Section 1256 position) which may reduce or eliminate the operation of these straddle rules.
A Section 1256 position held by the Portfolio will generally be marked-to-market (i.e., treated as if it were sold for fair market value) on the last business day of the Fund's fiscal year, and all gain or loss associated with fiscal year transactions and mark-to-market positions at fiscal year end (except certain currency gain or loss covered by Section 988 of the Code) will generally be treated as 60% long-term capital gain or loss and 40% short-term capital gain or loss. The effect of Section 1256 mark-to-market rules may be to accelerate income or to convert what otherwise would have been long-term capital gains into short-term capital gains or short-term capital losses into long-term capital losses within the Portfolio. The acceleration of income on Section 1256 positions may require the Portfolio to accrue taxable income without the corresponding receipt of cash. In order to generate cash to satisfy the distribution requirements of the Code, the Portfolio may be required to dispose of portfolio securities that it otherwise would have continued to hold or to use cash flows from other sources. Any or all of these rules may, therefore, affect the amount, character and timing of income earned and, in turn, distributed to shareholders by the Portfolio.
Special Tax Considerations Relating to Foreign Investments
Gains or losses attributable to foreign currency contracts, or to fluctuations in exchange rates that occur between the time the Portfolio accrues interest or other receivables or accrues expenses or other liabilities denominated in a foreign currency and the time the Portfolio actually collects such receivables or pays such liabilities are treated as ordinary income or ordinary loss to the Portfolio. Similarly, gains or losses on disposition of debt securities denominated in a foreign currency attributable to fluctuations in the value of the foreign currency between the date of acquisition of the security and the date of disposition also are treated as ordinary gain or loss to the Portfolio. These gains or losses increase or decrease the amount of the Portfolio's net investment income available to be distributed to its shareholders as ordinary income.
It is expected that the Portfolio will be subject to foreign withholding taxes with respect to its dividend and interest income from foreign countries, and the Portfolio may be subject to foreign income taxes with respect to other income. So long as more than 50% in value of the Portfolio's total assets at the close of the taxable year consists of stock or securities of foreign corporations, the Portfolio may elect to treat certain foreign income taxes imposed on it for federal income tax purposes as paid directly by its shareholders. The Portfolio will make such an election only if it deems it to be in the best interest of its shareholders and will notify shareholders in writing each year if it makes an election and of the amount of foreign income taxes, if any, to be treated as paid by the shareholders. If the Portfolio makes the election, shareholders will be required to include in income their proportionate share of the amount of foreign income taxes treated as imposed on the Portfolio and will be entitled to claim either a credit (subject to the limitations discussed below) or, if they itemize deductions, a deduction, for their shares of the foreign income taxes in computing their federal income tax liability.
Certain foreign governments levy withholding or other taxes on dividend and interest income. Although in some countries a portion of these taxes are recoverable, the non-recovered portion of foreign withholding taxes will reduce the income received from investments in such countries. It is not expected that the Portfolio or its shareholders would be able to claim a credit for U.S. tax purposes with respect to any such foreign taxes. However, these foreign withholding taxes may not have a significant impact on the Portfolio, considering that the Portfolio's investment objective is to seek long-term capital appreciation and any dividend or interest income should be considered incidental.
Shareholders who choose to utilize a credit (rather than a deduction) for foreign taxes will be subject to a number of complex limitations regarding the availability and utilization of the credit. Because of these limitations, shareholders may be unable to claim a credit for the full amount of their proportionate shares of the foreign income taxes paid by the Portfolio. Shareholders are urged to consult their tax advisors regarding the application of these rules to their particular circumstances.
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Investments in a foreign corporation that are considered to be a passive foreign investment company for federal income tax purposes may cause the Portfolio to accrue certain amounts as taxable income in advance of the receipt of cash.
Taxes and Foreign Shareholders
Taxation of a shareholder who, as to the United States, is a nonresident alien individual, a foreign trust or estate, a foreign corporation or a foreign partnership ("Foreign Shareholder") depends on whether the income from the Portfolio is "effectively connected" with a U.S. trade or business carried on by such shareholder.
If the income from the Portfolio is not effectively connected with a U.S. trade or business carried on by a Foreign Shareholder, distributions of investment company taxable income will generally be subject to U.S. withholding tax at the rate of 30% (or such lower treaty rate as may be applicable) upon the gross amount of the dividend. Furthermore, Foreign Shareholders will generally be exempt from U.S. federal income tax on gains realized on the sale of shares of the Portfolio, distributions of net long-term capital gains and amounts retained by the Fund that are reported as undistributed capital gains.
For distributions with respect to taxable years of regulated investment companies beginning before January 1, 2012 (or later date if extended by the U.S. Congress), the Fund is not required to withhold any amounts with respect to distributions to Foreign Shareholders that are properly reported by the Fund as "interest-related dividends" or "short-term capital gains dividends," provided that the income is not subject to federal income tax if earned directly by the Foreign Shareholder. However, the Fund generally intends to withhold these amounts regardless of the fact that it was not required to do so. Any amounts withheld from payments made to a Foreign Shareholder are eligible to be refunded or credited against the shareholder's U.S. federal income tax liability, if any, provided that the required information is furnished to the IRS. Foreign Shareholders that own, either directly or indirectly, more than 5% of a class of Fund shares, are urged to consult their own tax advisors concerning special tax rules that may apply to their investment in Fund shares.
If the income from the Portfolio is effectively connected with a U.S. trade or business carried on by a Foreign Shareholder, then distributions from the Portfolio and any gains realized upon the sale of shares of the Portfolio will be subject to U.S. federal income tax at the rates applicable to U.S. citizens and residents or domestic corporations. In addition, Foreign Shareholders that are corporations may be subject to a branch profit tax.
The Portfolio may be required to withhold federal income tax on distributions that are otherwise exempt from withholding tax (or taxable at a reduced treaty rate) unless the Foreign Shareholder complies with IRS certification requirements.
The Fund will be required to withhold U.S. federal withholding taxes (at 30%) from certain "withholdable payments" made to a non-U.S. shareholder (other than a individual) after 2013, unless the non-U.S. shareholder complies with certain U.S. tax reporting (and, in some cases, withholding) requirements (generally relating to the entity's U.S. owners or account holders, if any) or otherwise qualifies for an exemption from such withholding. Withholdable payments generally will include interest (including original issue discount), dividends, rents, annuities, and other fixed or determinable annual or periodical gains, profits or income, if such payments are derived from U.S. sources, as well as gross proceeds from dispositions of securities that could produce U.S. source interest or dividends. Income which is effectively connected with the conduct of a U.S. trade or business, is not, however, included in this definition.
The tax consequences to a Foreign Shareholder entitled to claim the benefits of an applicable tax treaty may differ from those described here. Furthermore, Foreign Shareholders are strongly urged to consult their own tax advisors with respect to the particular tax consequences to them of an investment in the Portfolio, including the potential application of the provisions of the Foreign Investment in Real Estate Property Tax Act of 1980, as amended and the possible applicability of the U.S. estate tax.
State and Local Tax Considerations
Rules of state and local taxation of dividend and capital gains from regulated investment companies often differ from the rules for federal income taxation described above. Shareholders are urged to consult their tax advisors as to the consequences of these and other state and local tax rules regarding an investment in the Fund.
CONTROL PERSONS AND PRINCIPAL HOLDERS OF SECURITIES
As of the date of this SAI, no person was known by the Portfolio to own beneficially or of record 5% or more of the outstanding Class I, Class P, Class H or Class L shares of the Portfolio because the Portfolio had not commenced operations.
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PERFORMANCE INFORMATION
The Portfolio is newly organized. As a result, the Portfolio has no operating history or performance information to include.
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
No financial information is presented for the Portfolio because it had not commenced operations as of the date of this SAI.
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APPENDIX A
MORGAN STANLEY INVESTMENT MANAGEMENT
PROXY VOTING POLICY AND PROCEDURES
I. POLICY STATEMENT
Morgan Stanley Investment Management's ("MSIM") policy and procedures for voting proxies ("Policy") with respect to securities held in the accounts of clients applies to those MSIM entities that provide discretionary investment management services and for which an MSIM entity has authority to vote proxies. This Policy is reviewed and updated as necessary to address new and evolving proxy voting issues and standards.
The MSIM entities covered by this Policy currently include the following: Morgan Stanley AIP GP LP, Morgan Stanley Investment Management Inc., Morgan Stanley Investment Management Limited, Morgan Stanley Investment Management Company, Morgan Stanley Asset & Investment Trust Management Co., Limited, Morgan Stanley Investment Management Private Limited and Private Investment Partners Inc. (each an "MSIM Affiliate" and collectively referred to as the "MSIM Affiliates" or as "we" below).
Each MSIM Affiliate will use its best efforts to vote proxies as part of its authority to manage, acquire and dispose of account assets. With respect to the MSIM registered management investment companies (the "MSIM Funds"), each MSIM Affiliate will vote proxies under this Policy pursuant to authority granted under its applicable investment advisory agreement or, in the absence of such authority, as authorized by the Board of Directors/Trustees of the MSIM Funds. A MSIM Affiliate will not vote proxies unless the investment management or investment advisory agreement explicitly authorizes the MSIM Affiliate to vote proxies. MSIM Affiliates will vote proxies in a prudent and diligent manner and in the best interests of clients, including beneficiaries of and participants in a client's benefit plan(s) for which the MSIM Affiliates manage assets, consistent with the objective of maximizing long-term investment returns ("Client Proxy Standard"). In certain situations, a client or its fiduciary may provide an MSIM Affiliate with a proxy voting policy. In these situations, the MSIM Affiliate will comply with the client's policy.
Proxy Research Services—ISS Governance Services ("ISS") and Glass Lewis (together with other proxy research providers as we may retain from time to time, the "Research Providers") are independent advisers that specialize in providing a variety of fiduciary-level proxy-related services to institutional investment managers, plan sponsors, custodians, consultants, and other institutional investors. The services provided include in-depth research, global issuer analysis, and voting recommendations. While we may review and utilize the recommendations of one or more Research Providers in making proxy voting decisions, we are in no way obligated to follow such recommendations. In addition to research, ISS provides vote execution, reporting, and recordkeeping services.
Voting Proxies for Certain Non-U.S. Companies—Voting proxies of companies located in some jurisdictions may involve several problems that can restrict or prevent the ability to vote such proxies or entail significant costs. These problems include, but are not limited to: (i) proxy statements and ballots being written in a language other than English; (ii) untimely and/or inadequate notice of shareholder meetings; (iii) restrictions on the ability of holders outside the issuer's jurisdiction of organization to exercise votes; (iv) requirements to vote proxies in person; (v) the imposition of restrictions on the sale of the securities for a period of time in proximity to the shareholder meeting; and (vi) requirements to provide local agents with power of attorney to facilitate our voting instructions. As a result, we vote clients' non-U.S. proxies on a best efforts basis only, after weighing the costs and benefits of voting such proxies, consistent with the Client Proxy Standard. ISS has been retained to provide assistance in connection with voting non-U.S. proxies.
II. GENERAL PROXY VOTING GUIDELINES
To promote consistency in voting proxies on behalf of its clients, we follow this Policy (subject to any exception set forth herein). The Policy addresses a broad range of issues, and provides general voting parameters on proposals that arise most frequently. However, details of specific proposals vary, and those details affect particular voting decisions, as do factors specific to a given company. Pursuant to the procedures set forth herein, we may vote in a manner that is not in accordance with the following general guidelines, provided the vote is approved by the Proxy Review Committee (see Section III for description) and is consistent with the Client Proxy Standard. Morgan Stanley AIP GP LP will follow the procedures as described in Appendix A.
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We endeavor to integrate governance and proxy voting policy with investment goals, using the vote to encourage portfolio companies to enhance long-term shareholder value and to provide a high standard of transparency such that equity markets can value corporate assets appropriately.
We seek to follow the Client Proxy Standard for each client. At times, this may result in split votes, for example when different clients have varying economic interests in the outcome of a particular voting matter (such as a case in which varied ownership interests in two companies involved in a merger result in different stakes in the outcome). We also may split votes at times based on differing views of portfolio managers.
We may abstain on matters for which disclosure is inadequate.
A. Routine Matters.
We generally support routine management proposals. The following are examples of routine management proposals:
• Approval of financial statements and auditor reports if delivered with an unqualified auditor's opinion.
• General updating/corrective amendments to the charter, articles of association or bylaws, unless we believe that such amendments would diminish shareholder rights.
• Most proposals related to the conduct of the annual meeting, with the following exceptions. We generally oppose proposals that relate to "the transaction of such other business which may come before the meeting," and open-ended requests for adjournment. However, where management specifically states the reason for requesting an adjournment and the requested adjournment would facilitate passage of a proposal that would otherwise be supported under this Policy (i.e. an uncontested corporate transaction), the adjournment request will be supported.
We generally support shareholder proposals advocating confidential voting procedures and independent tabulation of voting results.
B. Board of Directors.
1. Election of directors: Votes on board nominees can involve balancing a variety of considerations. In vote decisions, we may take into consideration whether the company has a majority voting policy in place that we believe makes the director vote more meaningful. In the absence of a proxy contest, we generally support the board's nominees for director except as follows:
a. We consider withholding support from or voting against a nominee if we believe a direct conflict exists between the interests of the nominee and the public shareholders, including failure to meet fiduciary standards of care and/or loyalty. We may oppose directors where we conclude that actions of directors are unlawful, unethical or negligent. We consider opposing individual board members or an entire slate if we believe the board is entrenched and/or dealing inadequately with performance problems; if we believe the board is acting with insufficient independence between the board and management; or if we believe the board has not been sufficiently forthcoming with information on key governance or other material matters.
b. We consider withholding support from or voting against interested directors if the company's board does not meet market standards for director independence, or if otherwise we believe board independence is insufficient. We refer to prevalent market standards as promulgated by a stock exchange or other authority within a given market (e.g., New York Stock Exchange or Nasdaq rules for most U.S. companies, and The Combined Code on Corporate Governance in the United Kingdom). Thus, for an NYSE company with no controlling shareholder, we would expect that at a minimum a majority of directors should be independent as defined by NYSE. Where we view market standards as inadequate, we may withhold votes based on stronger independence standards. Market standards notwithstanding, we generally do not view long board tenure alone as a basis to classify a director as non-independent.
i. At a company with a shareholder or group that controls the company by virtue of a majority economic interest in the company, we have a reduced expectation for board independence, although we believe the presence of independent directors can be helpful, particularly in staffing the audit committee, and at times we may withhold support from or vote against a nominee on the view the
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board or its committees are not sufficiently independent. In markets where board independence is not the norm (e.g. Japan), however, we consider factors including whether a board of a controlled company includes independent members who can be expected to look out for interests of minority holders.
ii. We consider withholding support from or voting against a nominee if he or she is affiliated with a major shareholder that has representation on a board disproportionate to its economic interest.
c. Depending on market standards, we consider withholding support from or voting against a nominee who is interested and who is standing for election as a member of the company's compensation/remuneration, nominating/governance or audit committee.
d. We consider withholding support or voting against nominees if the term for which they are nominated is excessive. We consider this issue on a market-specific basis.
e. We consider withholding support from or voting against nominees if, in our view, there has been insufficient board renewal (turnover), particularly in the context of extended poor company performance.
f. We consider withholding support from or voting against a nominee standing for election if the board has not taken action to implement generally accepted governance practices for which there is a "bright line" test. For example, in the context of the U.S. market, failure to eliminate a dead hand or slow hand poison pill would be seen as a basis for opposing one or more incumbent nominees.
g. In markets that encourage designated audit committee financial experts, we consider voting against members of an audit committee if no members are designated as such. We also may not support the audit committee members if the company has faced financial reporting issues and/or does not put the auditor up for ratification by shareholders.
h. We believe investors should have the ability to vote on individual nominees, and may abstain or vote against a slate of nominees where we are not given the opportunity to vote on individual nominees.
i. We consider withholding support from or voting against a nominee who has failed to attend at least 75% of the nominee's board and board committee meetings within a given year without a reasonable excuse. We also consider opposing nominees if the company does not meet market standards for disclosure on attendance.
j. We consider withholding support from or voting against a nominee who appears overcommitted, particularly through service on an excessive number of boards. Market expectations are incorporated into this analysis; for U.S. boards, we generally oppose election of a nominee who serves on more than six public company boards (excluding investment companies), although we may reference National Association of Corporate Directors guidance suggesting that public company CEOs, for example, should serve no more than two outside boards given the level of time commitment required in their primary job.
2. Discharge of directors' duties: In markets where an annual discharge of directors' responsibility is a routine agenda item, we generally support such discharge. However, we may vote against discharge or abstain from voting where there are serious findings of fraud or other unethical behavior for which the individual bears responsibility. The annual discharge of responsibility represents shareholder approval of disclosed actions taken by the board during the year and may make future shareholder action against the board difficult to pursue.
3. Board independence: We generally support U.S. shareholder proposals requiring that a certain percentage (up to 66 2/3%) of the company's board members be independent directors, and promoting all-independent audit, compensation and nominating/governance committees.
4. Board diversity: We consider on a case-by-case basis shareholder proposals urging diversity of board membership with respect to social, religious or ethnic group.
5. Majority voting: We generally support proposals requesting or requiring majority voting policies in election of directors, so long as there is a carve-out for plurality voting in the case of contested elections.
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6. Proxy access: We consider on a case-by-case basis shareholder proposals on particular procedures for inclusion of shareholder nominees in company proxy statements.
7. Reimbursement for dissident nominees: We generally support well-crafted U.S. shareholder proposals that would provide for reimbursement of dissident nominees elected to a board, as the cost to shareholders in electing such nominees can be factored into the voting decision on those nominees.
8. Proposals to elect directors more frequently: In the U.S. public company context, we usually support shareholder and management proposals to elect all directors annually (to "declassify" the board), although we make an exception to this policy where we believe that long-term shareholder value may be harmed by this change given particular circumstances at the company at the time of the vote on such proposal. As indicated above, outside the U.S., we generally support greater accountability to shareholders that comes through more frequent director elections, but recognize that many markets embrace longer term lengths, sometimes for valid reasons given other aspects of the legal context in electing boards.
9. Cumulative voting: We generally support proposals to eliminate cumulative voting in the U.S. market context. (Cumulative voting provides that shareholders may concentrate their votes for one or a handful of candidates, a system that can enable a minority bloc to place representation on a board.) U.S. proposals to establish cumulative voting in the election of directors generally will not be supported.
10. Separation of Chairman and CEO positions: We vote on shareholder proposals to separate the Chairman and CEO positions and/or to appoint an independent Chairman based in part on prevailing practice in particular markets, since the context for such a practice varies. In many non-U.S. markets, we view separation of the roles as a market standard practice, and support division of the roles in that context. In the U.S., we consider such proposals on a case-by-case basis, considering, among other things, the existing board leadership structure, company performance, and any other evidence of entrenchment or perceived risk that power is overly concentrated in a single individual.
11. Director retirement age and term limits: Proposals setting or recommending director retirement ages or director term limits are voted on a case-by-case basis that includes consideration of company performance, the rate of board renewal, evidence of effective individual director evaluation processes, and any indications of entrenchment.
12. Proposals to limit directors' liability and/or broaden indemnification of officers and directors. Generally, we will support such proposals provided that an individual is eligible only if he or she has not acted in bad faith, with gross negligence or with reckless disregard of their duties.
C. Statutory auditor boards
The statutory auditor board, which is separate from the main board of directors, plays a role in corporate governance in several markets. These boards are elected by shareholders to provide assurance on compliance with legal and accounting standards and the company's articles of association. We generally vote for statutory auditor nominees if they meet independence standards. In markets that require disclosure on attendance by internal statutory auditors, however, we consider voting against nominees for these positions who failed to attend at least 75% of meetings in the previous year. We also consider opposing nominees if the company does not meet market standards for disclosure on attendance.
D. Corporate transactions and proxy fights.
We examine proposals relating to mergers, acquisitions and other special corporate transactions (i.e., takeovers, spin-offs, sales of assets, reorganizations, restructurings and recapitalizations) on a case-by-case basis in the interests of each fund or other account. Proposals for mergers or other significant transactions that are friendly and approved by the Research Providers usually are supported if there is no portfolio manager objection. We also analyze proxy contests on a case-by-case basis.
E. Changes in capital structure.
1. We generally support the following:
• Management and shareholder proposals aimed at eliminating unequal voting rights, assuming fair economic treatment of classes of shares we hold.
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• U.S. management proposals to increase the authorization of existing classes of common stock (or securities convertible into common stock) if: (i) a clear business purpose is stated that we can support and the number of shares requested is reasonable in relation to the purpose for which authorization is requested; and/or (ii) the authorization does not exceed 100% of shares currently authorized and at least 30% of the total new authorization will be outstanding. (We consider proposals that do not meet these criteria on a case-by-case basis.)
• U.S. management proposals to create a new class of preferred stock or for issuances of preferred stock up to 50% of issued capital, unless we have concerns about use of the authority for anti-takeover purposes.
• Proposals in non-U.S. markets that in our view appropriately limit potential dilution of existing shareholders. A major consideration is whether existing shareholders would have preemptive rights for any issuance under a proposal for standing share issuance authority. We generally consider market-specific guidance in making these decisions; for example, in the U.K. market, we usually follow Association of British Insurers' ("ABI") guidance, although company-specific factors may be considered and for example, may sometimes lead us to voting against share authorization proposals even if they meet ABI guidance.
• Management proposals to authorize share repurchase plans, except in some cases in which we believe there are insufficient protections against use of an authorization for anti-takeover purposes.
• Management proposals to reduce the number of authorized shares of common or preferred stock, or to eliminate classes of preferred stock.
• Management proposals to effect stock splits.
• Management proposals to effect reverse stock splits if management proportionately reduces the authorized share amount set forth in the corporate charter. Reverse stock splits that do not adjust proportionately to the authorized share amount generally will be approved if the resulting increase in authorized shares coincides with the proxy guidelines set forth above for common stock increases.
• Management dividend payout proposals, except where we perceive company payouts to shareholders as inadequate.
2. We generally oppose the following (notwithstanding management support):
• Proposals to add classes of stock that would substantially dilute the voting interests of existing shareholders.
• Proposals to increase the authorized or issued number of shares of existing classes of stock that are unreasonably dilutive, particularly if there are no preemptive rights for existing shareholders. However, depending on market practices, we consider voting for proposals giving general authorization for issuance of shares not subject to pre-emptive rights if the authority is limited.
• Proposals that authorize share issuance at a discount to market rates, except where authority for such issuance is de minimis, or if there is a special situation that we believe justifies such authorization (as may be the case, for example, at a company under severe stress and risk of bankruptcy).
• Proposals relating to changes in capitalization by 100% or more.
We consider on a case-by-case basis shareholder proposals to increase dividend payout ratios, in light of market practice and perceived market weaknesses, as well as individual company payout history and current circumstances. For example, currently we perceive low payouts to shareholders as a concern at some Japanese companies, but may deem a low payout ratio as appropriate for a growth company making good use of its cash, notwithstanding the broader market concern.
F. Takeover Defenses and Shareholder Rights.
1. Shareholder rights plans: We generally support proposals to require shareholder approval or ratification of shareholder rights plans (poison pills). In voting on rights plans or similar takeover defenses, we consider on a case-by-case basis whether the company has demonstrated a need for the defense in the context of promoting long-term share value; whether provisions of the defense are in line with generally accepted governance principles in the market (and specifically the presence of an adequate qualified offer provision that would
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exempt offers meeting certain conditions from the pill); and the specific context if the proposal is made in the midst of a takeover bid or contest for control.
2. Supermajority voting requirements: We generally oppose requirements for supermajority votes to amend the charter or bylaws, unless the provisions protect minority shareholders where there is a large shareholder. In line with this view, in the absence of a large shareholder we support reasonable shareholder proposals to limit such supermajority voting requirements.
3. Shareholder rights to call meetings: We consider proposals to enhance shareholder rights to call meetings on a case-by-case basis. At large-cap U.S. companies, we generally support efforts to establish the rights of holders of 10% or more of shares to call special meetings, unless the board or state law has a set policy or law establishing such rights at a threshold that we believe to be acceptable.
4. Written consent rights: In the U.S. context, we examine proposals for shareholder written consent rights on a case-by-case basis.
5. Reincorporation: We consider management and shareholder proposals to reincorporate to a different jurisdiction on a case-by-case basis. We oppose such proposals if we believe the main purpose is to take advantage of laws or judicial precedents that reduce shareholder rights.
6. Anti-greenmail provisions: Proposals relating to the adoption of anti-greenmail provisions will be supported, provided that the proposal: (i) defines greenmail; (ii) prohibits buyback offers to large block holders (holders of at least 1% of the outstanding shares and in certain cases, a greater amount) not made to all shareholders or not approved by disinterested shareholders; and (iii) contains no anti-takeover measures or other provisions restricting the rights of shareholders.
7. Bundled proposals: We may consider opposing or abstaining on proposals if disparate issues are "bundled" and presented for a single vote.
G. Auditors.
We generally support management proposals for selection or ratification of independent auditors. However, we may consider opposing such proposals with reference to incumbent audit firms if the company has suffered from serious accounting irregularities and we believe rotation of the audit firm is appropriate, or if fees paid to the auditor for non-audit-related services are excessive. Generally, to determine if non-audit fees are excessive, a 50% test will be applied (i.e., non-audit-related fees should be less than 50% of the total fees paid to the auditor). We generally vote against proposals to indemnify auditors.
H. Executive and Director Remuneration.
1. We generally support the following:
• Proposals for employee equity compensation plans and other employee ownership plans, provided that our research does not indicate that approval of the plan would be against shareholder interest. Such approval may be against shareholder interest if it authorizes excessive dilution and shareholder cost, particularly in the context of high usage ("run rate") of equity compensation in the recent past; or if there are objectionable plan design and provision.
• Proposals relating to fees to outside directors, provided the amounts are not excessive relative to other companies in the country or industry, and provided that the structure is appropriate within the market context. While stock-based compensation to outside directors is positive if moderate and appropriately structured, we are wary of significant stock option awards or other performance-based awards for outside directors, as well as provisions that could result in significant forfeiture of value on a director's decision to resign from a board (such forfeiture can undercut director independence).
• Proposals for employee stock purchase plans that permit discounts, but only for grants that are part of a broad-based employee plan, including all non-executive employees, and only if the discounts are limited to a reasonable market standard or less.
• Proposals for the establishment of employee retirement and severance plans, provided that our research does not indicate that approval of the plan would be against shareholder interest.
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2. We generally oppose retirement plans and bonuses for non-executive directors and independent statutory auditors.
3. In the U.S. context, shareholder proposals requiring shareholder approval of all severance agreements will not be supported, but proposals that require shareholder approval for agreements in excess of three times the annual compensation (salary and bonus) generally will be supported. We generally oppose shareholder proposals that would establish arbitrary caps on pay. We consider on a case-by-case basis shareholder proposals that seek to limit Supplemental Executive Retirement Plans (SERPs), but support such proposals where we consider SERPs to be excessive.
4. Shareholder proposals advocating stronger and/or particular pay-for-performance models will be evaluated on a case-by-case basis, with consideration of the merits of the individual proposal within the context of the particular company and its labor markets, and the company's current and past practices. While we generally support emphasis on long-term components of senior executive pay and strong linkage of pay to performance, we consider factors including whether a proposal may be overly prescriptive, and the impact of the proposal, if implemented as written, on recruitment and retention.
5. We generally support proposals advocating reasonable senior executive and director stock ownership guidelines and holding requirements for shares gained in executive equity compensation programs.
6. We generally support shareholder proposals for reasonable "claw-back" provisions that provide for company recovery of senior executive bonuses to the extent they were based on achieving financial benchmarks that were not actually met in light of subsequent restatements.
7. Management proposals effectively to re-price stock options are considered on a case-by-case basis. Considerations include the company's reasons and justifications for a re-pricing, the company's competitive position, whether senior executives and outside directors are excluded, potential cost to shareholders, whether the re-pricing or share exchange is on a value-for-value basis, and whether vesting requirements are extended.
8. Say-on-Pay: We consider proposals relating to an advisory vote on remuneration on a case-by-case basis. Considerations include a review of the relationship between executive remuneration and performance based on operating trends and total shareholder return over multiple performance periods. In addition, we review remuneration structures and potential poor pay practices, including relative magnitude of pay, discretionary bonus awards, tax gross ups, change-in-control features, internal pay equity and peer group construction. As long-term investors, we support remuneration policies that align with long-term shareholder returns.
I. Social, Political and Environmental Issues.
Shareholders in the U.S. and certain other markets submit proposals encouraging changes in company disclosure and practices related to particular corporate, social, political and environmental matters. We consider how to vote on the proposals on a case-by-case basis to determine likely impacts on shareholder value. We seek to balance concerns on reputational and other risks that lie behind a proposal against costs of implementation, while considering appropriate shareholder and management prerogatives. We may abstain from voting on proposals that do not have a readily determinable financial impact on shareholder value. We support proposals that, if implemented, would enhance useful disclosure, but we generally vote against proposals requesting reports that we believe are duplicative, related to matters not material to the business, or that would impose unnecessary or excessive costs. We believe that certain social and environmental shareholder proposals may intrude excessively on management prerogatives, which can lead us to oppose them.
J. Fund of Funds.
Certain Funds advised by an MSIM Affiliate invest only in other MSIM Funds. If an underlying fund has a shareholder meeting, in order to avoid any potential conflict of interest, such proposals will be voted in the same proportion as the votes of the other shareholders of the underlying fund, unless otherwise determined by the Proxy Review Committee.
III. ADMINISTRATION OF POLICY
The MSIM Proxy Review Committee (the "Committee") has overall responsibility for the Policy. The Committee, which is appointed by MSIM's Long-Only Executive Committee, consists of investment professionals who represent the different investment disciplines and geographic locations of the firm, and is chaired by the director
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of the Corporate Governance Team ("CGT"). Because proxy voting is an investment responsibility and impacts shareholder value, and because of their knowledge of companies and markets, portfolio managers and other members of investment staff play a key role in proxy voting, although the Committee has final authority over proxy votes.
The CGT Director is responsible for identifying issues that require Committee deliberation or ratification. The CGT, working with advice of investment teams and the Committee, is responsible for voting on routine items and on matters that can be addressed in line with these Policy guidelines. The CGT has responsibility for voting case-by-case where guidelines and precedent provide adequate guidance.
The Committee will periodically review and have the authority to amend, as necessary, the Policy and establish and direct voting positions consistent with the Client Proxy Standard.
CGT and members of the Committee may take into account Research Providers' recommendations and research as well as any other relevant information they may request or receive, including portfolio manager and/or analyst comments and research, as applicable. Generally, proxies related to securities held in accounts that are managed pursuant to quantitative, index or index-like strategies ("Index Strategies") will be voted in the same manner as those held in actively managed accounts, unless economic interests of the accounts differ. Because accounts managed using Index Strategies are passively managed accounts, research from portfolio managers and/or analysts related to securities held in these accounts may not be available. If the affected securities are held only in accounts that are managed pursuant to Index Strategies, and the proxy relates to a matter that is not described in this Policy, the CGT will consider all available information from the Research Providers, and to the extent that the holdings are significant, from the portfolio managers and/or analysts.
A. Committee Procedures
The Committee meets at least quarterly and reviews and considers changes to the Policy at least annually. Through meetings and/or written communications, the Committee is responsible for monitoring and ratifying "split votes" (i.e., allowing certain shares of the same issuer that are the subject of the same proxy solicitation and held by one or more MSIM portfolios to be voted differently than other shares) and/or "override voting" (i.e., voting all MSIM portfolio shares in a manner contrary to the Policy). The Committee will review developing issues and approve upcoming votes, as appropriate, for matters as requested by CGT.
The Committee reserves the right to review voting decisions at any time and to make voting decisions as necessary to ensure the independence and integrity of the votes.
B. Material Conflicts of Interest
In addition to the procedures discussed above, if the CGT Director determines that an issue raises a material conflict of interest, the CGT Director may request a special committee to review, and recommend a course of action with respect to, the conflict(s) in question ("Special Committee").
A potential material conflict of interest could exist in the following situations, among others:
1. The issuer soliciting the vote is a client of MSIM or an affiliate of MSIM and the vote is on a matter that materially affects the issuer.
2. The proxy relates to Morgan Stanley common stock or any other security issued by Morgan Stanley or its affiliates except if echo voting is used, as with MSIM Funds, as described herein.
3. Morgan Stanley has a material pecuniary interest in the matter submitted for a vote (e.g., acting as a financial advisor to a party to a merger or acquisition for which Morgan Stanley will be paid a success fee if completed).
If the CGT Director determines that an issue raises a potential material conflict of interest, depending on the facts and circumstances, the issue will be addressed as follows:
1. If the matter relates to a topic that is discussed in this Policy, the proposal will be voted as per the Policy.
2. If the matter is not discussed in this Policy or the Policy indicates that the issue is to be decided case-by-case, the proposal will be voted in a manner consistent with the Research Providers, provided that all the Research Providers consulted have the same recommendation, no portfolio manager objects to that vote, and the vote is consistent with MSIM's Client Proxy Standard.
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3. If the Research Providers' recommendations differ, the CGT Director will refer the matter to a Special Committee to vote on the proposal, as appropriate.
Any Special Committee shall be comprised of the CGT Director and at least two portfolio managers (preferably members of the Committee) as approved by the Committee. The CGT Director may request non-voting participation by MSIM's General Counsel or his/her designee and the Chief Compliance Officer or his/her designee. In addition to the research provided by Research Providers, the Special Committee may request analysis from MSIM Affiliate investment professionals and outside sources to the extent it deems appropriate.
C. Proxy Voting Reporting
The CGT will document in writing all Committee and Special Committee decisions and actions, which documentation will be maintained by the CGT for a period of at least six years. To the extent these decisions relate to a security held by an MSIM Fund, the CGT will report the decisions to each applicable Board of Trustees/Directors of those Funds at each Board's next regularly scheduled Board meeting. The report will contain information concerning decisions made during the most recently ended calendar quarter immediately preceding the Board meeting.
MSIM will promptly provide a copy of this Policy to any client requesting it. MSIM will also, upon client request, promptly provide a report indicating how each proxy was voted with respect to securities held in that client's account.
MSIM's Legal Department is responsible for filing an annual Form N-PX on behalf of each MSIM Fund for which such filing is required, indicating how all proxies were voted with respect to such Fund's holdings.
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APPENDIX A
The following procedures apply to accounts managed by Morgan Stanley AIP GP LP and Private Investment Partners Inc. ("AIP").
Generally, AIP will follow the guidelines set forth in Section II of MSIM's Proxy Voting Policy and Procedures. To the extent that such guidelines do not provide specific direction, or AIP determines that consistent with the Client Proxy Standard, the guidelines should not be followed, the Proxy Review Committee has delegated the voting authority to vote securities held by accounts managed by AIP to the Fund of Hedge Funds investment team, the Private Equity Fund of Funds investment team or the Private Equity Real Estate Fund of Funds investment team of AIP. A summary of decisions made by the investment teams will be made available to the Proxy Review Committee for its information at the next scheduled meeting of the Proxy Review Committee.
In certain cases, AIP may determine to abstain from determining (or recommending) how a proxy should be voted (and therefore abstain from voting such proxy or recommending how such proxy should be voted), such as where the expected cost of giving due consideration to the proxy does not justify the potential benefits to the affected account(s) that might result from adopting or rejecting (as the case may be) the measure in question.
Waiver of Voting Rights
For regulatory reasons, AIP may either 1) invest in a class of securities of an underlying fund (the "Fund") that does not provide for voting rights; or 2) waive 100% of its voting rights with respect to the following:
1. Any rights with respect to the removal or replacement of a director, general partner, managing member or other person acting in a similar capacity for or on behalf of the Fund (each individually a "Designated Person," and collectively, the "Designated Persons"), which may include, but are not limited to, voting on the election or removal of a Designated Person in the event of such Designated Person's death, disability, insolvency, bankruptcy, incapacity, or other event requiring a vote of interest holders of the Fund to remove or replace a Designated Person; and
2. Any rights in connection with a determination to renew, dissolve, liquidate, or otherwise terminate or continue the Fund, which may include, but are not limited to, voting on the renewal, dissolution, liquidation, termination or continuance of the Fund upon the occurrence of an event described in the Fund's organizational documents; provided, however, that, if the Fund's organizational documents require the consent of the Fund's general partner or manager, as the case may be, for any such termination or continuation of the Fund to be effective, then AIP may exercise its voting rights with respect to such matter.
Approved by Morgan Stanley Funds Board on September 27-28, 2011
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EVERY STOCKHOLDER’S VOTE IS IMPORTANT
| EASY VOTING OPTIONS: | |
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| VOTE ON THE INTERNET | |
| Log on to: | |
| www.proxy-direct.com | |
| Follow the on-screen instructions | |
| available 24 hours | |
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| VOTE BY PHONE | |
| Call 1-800-337-3503 | |
| Follow the recorded instructions | |
| available 24 hours | |
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| VOTE BY MAIL | |
| Vote, sign and date this Proxy Card | |
| and return in the postage-paid | |
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| VOTE IN PERSON | |
| Attend Stockholder Meeting | |
| 522 Fifth Avenue | |
| New York NY 10036 | |
| on August 22, 2012 |
Please detach at perforation before mailing.
PROXY | MORGAN STANLEY FRONTIER EMERGING MARKETS FUND, INC. | PROXY |
| SPECIAL MEETING OF STOCKHOLDERS |
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| TO BE HELD ON AUGUST 22, 2012 |
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This proxy is solicited on behalf of the Board of Directors of Morgan Stanley Frontier Emerging Markets Fund, Inc.
The undersigned hereby constitutes and appoints Stefanie V. Chang Yu, Mary E. Mullin and Arthur Lev, and each of them, as proxies for the undersigned, with full power of substitution and resubstitution, and hereby authorizes said proxies, and each of them, to represent and vote, as designated on the reverse side, all common shares of Morgan Stanley Frontier Emerging Markets Fund, Inc., held of record by the undersigned on June 7, 2012 at the Special Meeting of Stockholders to be held at 522 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY 10036, on August 22, 2012 at 9:00 a.m., New York time, and at any adjournment or postponement thereof. The undersigned hereby revokes any and all proxies with respect to such shares heretofore given by the undersigned.
This proxy card, when properly executed, will be voted in the manner directed herein by the undersigned stockholder, and, in the discretion of such proxies, upon any and all other matters as may properly come before the meeting or any adjournment or postponement thereof. If no direction is made, this proxy will be voted “FOR” the Proposal.
| VOTE VIA THE INTERNET: www.proxy-direct.com | |
| VOTE VIA THE TELEPHONE: 1-800-337-3503 | |
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| Note: Please sign exactly as your name appears on this proxy card. All joint owners should sign. When signing as executor, administrator, attorney, trustee or guardian or as custodian for a minor please sign full title as such. If a corporation, please sign in full corporate name and indicate the signer’s office. If a partner, sign in the partnership name. | |
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| Date | MFR_23687_062612 |
EVERY STOCKHOLDER’S VOTE IS IMPORTANT
Important Notice Regarding the Availability of Proxy Materials for the
Special Meeting of Stockholders to Be Held on August 22, 2012.
The Proxy Statement for this meeting is available at: https://www.proxy-direct.com/mfr-23687
Please detach at perforation before mailing.
THE BOARD RECOMMENDS THAT YOU CAST YOUR VOTE “FOR” THE PROPOSAL AS DESCRIBED IN THE PROXY STATEMENT/PROSPECTUS.
TO VOTE, MARK BLOCKS BELOW IN BLUE OR BLACK INK AS IN THIS EXAMPLE: x
o | To vote in accordance with the Board’s recommendation mark this box. No other vote is necessary. |
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| To consider and vote upon a proposal to approve the actions and transactions described in that certain Agreement and Plan of Reorganization, dated April 25, 2012 (the “Reorganization Agreement”), between Morgan Stanley Frontier Emerging Markets Fund, Inc. (the “Acquired Fund”) and Morgan Stanley Institutional Fund, Inc. (the “Company”), on behalf of the Frontier Emerging Markets Portfolio (the “Acquiring Fund”), pursuant to which all of the assets and liabilities of the Acquired Fund will be transferred to the Acquiring Fund, a newly created series of the Company, in exchange for Class I shares of common stock of the Acquiring Fund and pursuant to which the Acquired Fund will be dissolved. | FOR | AGAINST | ABSTAIN |
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| To act upon such other matters as may properly come before the Meeting. |
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PLEASE VOTE, SIGN AND DATE THIS PROXY AND RETURN IT PROMPTLY IN THE ENCLOSED ENVELOPE.
MFR_23687_062612
PART C. OTHER INFORMATION
ITEM 15. INDEMNIFICATION
The response to this item is incorporated herein by reference to Exhibits 1 and 2 under Item 16 below and by reference to Item 30 of the Company’s Post-Effective Amendment No. 109 to its Registration Statement on Form N-1A dated June 26, 2012 (File Nos. 033-23166; 811-05624).
ITEM 16. EXHIBITS
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| Articles of Amendment and Restatement is incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 1(a) to Post-Effective Amendment No. 26 to the Registration Statement on Form N-1A filed on October 13, 1995. |
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| Articles Supplementary to Registrant’s Articles of Amendment and Restatement (reclassifying shares) is incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 1(b) to Post-Effective Amendment No. 30 to the Registration Statement on Form N-1A filed on May 24, 1996. |
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| Articles Supplementary to Registrant’s Articles of Amendment and Restatement (adding new Technology Portfolio) is incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 1(c) to Post-Effective Amendment No. 30 to the Registration Statement on Form N-1A filed on May 24, 1996. |
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(d) |
| Articles Supplementary to Registrant’s Articles of Amendment and Restatement (adding U.S. Equity Plus Portfolio) is incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 1(d) to Post-Effective Amendment No. 38 to the Registration Statement on Form N-1A filed on February 27, 1998. |
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| Articles Supplementary to Registrant’s Articles of Amendment and Restatement (adding European Real Estate and Asian Real Estate Portfolios) is incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 1(e) to Post-Effective Amendment No. 38 to the Registration Statement on Form N-1A filed on February 27, 1998. |
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| Articles Supplementary to Registrant’s Articles of Amendment and Restatement (adding Class B shares to the Money Market Portfolio) is incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 1(f) to Post-Effective Amendment No. 38 to the Registration Statement on Form N-1A filed on February 27, 1998. |
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| Articles of Amendment to Registrant’s Articles of Amendment and Restatement (Active Country Allocation Portfolio name changed to Active International Portfolio) is incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit (a)(7) to Post-Effective Amendment No. 40 to the Registration Statement on Form N-1A filed on January 27, 1999. |
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| Articles of Amendment to Registrant’s Articles of Amendment and Restatement (Active International Portfolio name changed to Active International Allocation Portfolio) is incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit (a)(8) to Post-Effective Amendment No. 40 to the Registration Statement on Form N-1A filed on January 27, 1999. |
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| Articles of Amendment to Registrant’s Articles of Amendment and Restatement (changing corporate name to Morgan Stanley Dean Witter Institutional Fund, Inc.) is incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit (a)(9) to Post-Effective Amendment No. 40 to the Registration Statement on Form N-1A filed on January 27, 1999. |
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| Articles of Amendment to Registrant’s Articles of Amendment and Restatement (Aggressive Equity Portfolio name changed to Focus Equity Portfolio and Emerging Growth Portfolio name changed to Small Company Growth Portfolio) is incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit (a)(10) to Post-Effective Amendment No. 43 to the Registration Statement on Form N-1A filed on May 1, 2000. |
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| Articles of Amendment to Registrant’s Articles of Amendment and Restatement (changing corporate name to Morgan Stanley Institutional Fund, Inc., Global Equity Portfolio name changed to Global Value Equity Portfolio, European Equity Portfolio named changed to European Value Equity Portfolio and Japanese Equity Portfolio name changed to Japanese Value Equity Portfolio) is incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit (a)(11) to Post-Effective Amendment No. 45 to the Registration Statement on Form N-1A filed on April 30, 2001. |
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| Articles of Amendment to the Amended and Restated Articles of Incorporation (Fixed Income Portfolio name changed to Fixed Income III Portfolio, High Yield Portfolio name changed to High Yield II Portfolio and Global Fixed Income Portfolio name changed to Global Fixed Income II Portfolio) dated July 23, 2001 is incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit (a)(12) of Post-Effective Amendment No. 59 to the Registration Statement on Form N-1A filed on April 28, 2006. |
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| Articles Supplementary to Registrant’s Articles of Amendment and Restatement (adding new Global Franchise Portfolio) is incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit (a)(7) to Post-Effective Amendment No. 48 to the Registration Statement on Form N-1A filed on November 26, 2001. |
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(n) |
| Articles Supplementary to Registrant’s Articles of Amendment and Restatement (adding Large Cap Relative Value Portfolio) is incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit (a)(13) to Post-Effective Amendment No. 50 to the Registration Statement on Form N-1A filed on June 6, 2003. |
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| Certificate of Correction to the Articles Supplementary dated as of March 21, 2005, is incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit (a)(15) of Post-Effective Amendment No. 70 to the Registration Statement on Form N-1A filed on July 18, 2007. |
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| Certificate of Correction to the Articles Supplementary is incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit (a)(14) to Post-Effective Amendment No. 53 to the Registration Statement on Form N-1A filed on April 29, 2005. |
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| Certificate of Correction to the Articles Supplementary is incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit (a)(15) to Post-Effective Amendment No. 53 to the Registration Statement on Form N-1A filed on April 29, 2005. |
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| Articles Supplementary to Registrant’s Articles of Amendment and Restatement (liquidating the Asian Equity, Asian Real Estate, European Value Equity, Japanese Value Equity, Latin American and Technology Portfolios) are incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit (a)(16) to Post-Effective Amendment No. 53 to the Registration Statement on Form N-1A filed on April 29, 2005. |
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(s) |
| Articles of Amendment to the Articles of Amendment and Restatement (Large Cap Relative Value Portfolio name changed to Large Cap Value Portfolio and Value Equity Portfolio name changed to Large Cap Relative Value Portfolio) is incorporated by reference to Exhibit (a)(17) to Post-Effective Amendment No. 55 to the Registration Statement on Form N-1A filed on October 7, 2005. |
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(t) |
| Articles of Amendment to the Articles of Amendment and Restatement (European Real Estate Portfolio name changed to International Real Estate Portfolio) is incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit (a)(18) to Post-Effective Amendment No. 55 to the Registration Statement on Form N-1A filed on October 7, 2005. |
(u) |
| Certificate of Correction to the Articles Supplementary is incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit (a)(19) to Post-Effective Amendment No. 55 to the Registration Statement on Form N-1A filed on October 7, 2005. |
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(v) |
| Certificate of Correction to the Articles Supplementary is incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit (a)(20) to Post-Effective Amendment No. 55 to the Registration Statement on Form N-1A filed on October 7, 2005. |
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(w) |
| Articles of Amendment to Registrant’s Articles of Amendment and Restatement (changing the name of the Value Equity Portfolio to the Large Cap Relative Value Portfolio and the Equity Growth Portfolio to the U.S. Large Cap Growth Portfolio) is incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit (a)(21) to Post-Effective Amendment No. 55 to the Registration Statement on Form N-1A filed on October 7, 2005. |
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(x) |
| Articles Supplementary to Registrant’s Articles of Amendment and Restatement (adding International Growth Equity Portfolio), is incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit (a)(22) to Post-Effective Amendment No. 56 to the Registration Statement on Form N-1A filed on December 20, 2005. |
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(y) |
| Articles of Amendment to Registrant’s Articles of Amendment and Restatement (effecting a reverse stock split of the Emerging Markets Debt Portfolio), is incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit (a) (24) of Post-Effective Amendment No. 59 to the Registration Statement on Form N-1A filed on April 28, 2006. |
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(z) |
| Articles Supplementary to Registrant’s Articles of Amendment and Restatement (adding Systematic Active Large Cap Core Portfolio, Systematic Active Small Cap Core Portfolio, Systematic Active Small Cap Value Portfolio and Systematic Active Small Cap Growth Portfolio), are incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit (a) (25) of Post-Effective Amendment No. 59 to the Registration Statement on Form N-1A filed on April 28, 2006. |
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(aa) |
| Articles Supplementary to Registrant’s Articles of Amendment and Restatement (adding Global Real Estate Portfolio), is incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit (a) (26) of Post-Effective Amendment No. 60 to the Registration Statement on Form N-1A filed on May 3, 2006. |
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(bb) |
| Articles Supplementary to Registrant’s Articles of Amendment and Restatement (liquidating the assets of Municipal Money Market Portfolio and Money Market Portfolio), is incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit (a)(28) of Post-Effective Amendment No. 70 to the Registration Statement on Form N-1A filed on July 18, 2007. |
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(cc) |
| Certificate of Correction to the Registrant’s Articles of Amendment dated February 6, 2007, is incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit (a)(27) of Post-Effective Amendment No. 65 to the Registration Statement on Form N-1A filed on April 27, 2007. |
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(dd) |
| Certificate of Correction to the Registrant’s Articles of Amendment dated February 6, 2007, is incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit (a)(28) of Post-Effective Amendment No. 65 to the Registration Statement on Form N-1A filed on April 27, 2007. |
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(ee) |
| Articles of Restatement, dated February 20, 2007, is incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit (a)(29) of Post-Effective Amendment No. 65 to the Registration Statement on Form N-1A filed on April 27, 2007. |
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(ff) |
| Articles Supplementary to Registrant’s Articles of Amendment and Restatement (adding Disciplined Large Cap Value Active Extension Portfolio and Systematic Large Cap Core Active Extension Portfolio), dated February 21, 2007, is incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit (a)(30) of Post-Effective Amendment No. 68 to the Registration Statement on Form N-1A filed on May 29, 2007. |
(gg) |
| Articles Supplementary to Registrant’s Articles of Amendment and Restatement (adding International Growth Active Extension Portfolio), dated April 25, 2007 is incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit (a)(31) of Post-Effective Amendment No. 69 to the Registration Statement on Form N-1A filed on July 10, 2007. |
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(hh) |
| Articles Supplementary to Registrant’s Articles of Amendment and Restatement (adding U.S. Small/Mid Cap Value Portfolio), dated September 26, 2007, is incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit (a)(34) to Post-Effective Amendment No. 71 to the Registration Statement on Form N-1A filed on September 26, 2007. |
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(ii) |
| Articles Supplementary to Registrant’s Articles of Amendment and Restatement (adding Class H shares to certain Portfolios), dated December 18, 2007, is incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit (a)(35) to Post-Effective Amendment No. 73 to the Registration Statement on Form N-1A filed on December 20, 2007. |
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(jj) |
| Articles of Amendment to Registrant’s Articles of Amendment and Restatement, (redesignating all Portfolios’ Class A and Class B shares as Class I and Class P shares, respectively), dated December 18, 2007, is incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit (a)(36) to Post-Effective Amendment No. 73 to the Registration Statement on Form N-1A filed on December 20, 2007. |
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(kk) |
| Articles of Amendment to Registrant’s Articles of Amendment and Restatement (changing the name of the Focus Equity Portfolio to the Focus Growth Portfolio and the U.S. Large Cap Growth Portfolio to the Capital Growth Portfolio), dated April 22, 2008, is incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit (a)(37) to Post-Effective Amendment No. 75 to the Registration Statement on Form N-1A filed on April 28, 2008. |
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(ll) |
| Articles Supplementary to Registrant’s Articles of Amendment and Restatement (adding Class L shares to certain Portfolios), is incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit (a)(37) to Post-Effective Amendment No. 76 to the Registration Statement on Form N-1A filed on June 3, 2008. |
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(mm) |
| Articles Supplementary to Registrant’s Articles of Amendment and Restatement (liquidating the assets of Systematic Active Large Cap Core, Systematic Active Small Cap Core, Systematic Active Small Cap Growth and Systematic Active Small Cap Value Portfolios), dated June 27, 2008, are incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit (a)(38) to Post-Effective Amendment No. 78 to the Registration Statement on Form N-1A filed on October 17, 2008. |
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(nn) |
| Articles Supplementary to Registrant’s Articles of Amendment and Restatement (liquidating the assets of Disciplined Large Cap Value Active Extension and Systematic Large Cap Core Active Extension Portfolios), dated October 13, 2008, are incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit (a)(39) to Post-Effective Amendment No. 78 to the Registration Statement on Form N-1A filed on October 17, 2008. |
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(oo) |
| Articles Supplementary to Registrant’s Articles of Amendment and Restatement (with respect to Class P shares of International Small Cap Portfolio), are incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit (a)(40) to Post-Effective Amendment No. 78 to the Registration Statement on Form N-1A filed on October 17, 2008. |
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(pp) |
| Articles Supplementary to Registrant’s Articles of Amendment and Restatement (liquidating the assets of International Magnum Portfolio) dated April 16, 2009, are incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit (a)(42) to Post-Effective Amendment No. 79 to the Registration Statement on Form N-1A filed on April 28, 2009. |
(qq) |
| Articles Supplementary to Registrant’s Articles of Amendment and Restatement (liquidating the assets of International Growth Active Extension Portfolio), dated January 20, 2010, are incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit (a)(43) to Post-Effective Amendment No. 82 to the Registration Statement on Form N-1A filed on February 23, 2010. |
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(rr) |
| Articles Supplementary to Registrant’s Articles of Amendment and Restatement (liquidating the assets of Global Value Equity Portfolio), dated January 20, 2010, are incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit (a)(44) to Post-Effective Amendment No. 82 to the Registration Statement on Form N-1A filed on February 23, 2010. |
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(ss) |
| Articles Supplementary to Registrant’s Articles of Amendment and Restatement (adding Advantage, Equity Growth, Global Growth and International Opportunity Portfolios), dated January 20, 2010, are incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit (a)(45) to Post-Effective Amendment No. 82 to the Registration Statement on Form N-1A filed on February 23, 2010. |
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(tt) |
| Articles Supplementary to Registrant’s Articles of Amendment and Restatement (liquidating the assets of International Growth Equity, Large Cap Relative Value and U.S. Small/Mid Cap Value Portfolios), dated July 28, 2010, is incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit (a)(46) to Post-Effective Amendment No. 87 to the Registration Statement on Form N-1A filed on August 31, 2010. |
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(uu) |
| Articles Supplementary to Registrant’s Articles of Amendment and Restatement (adding Select Global Infrastructure Portfolio), dated July 28, 2010, is incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit (a)(47) to Post-Effective Amendment No. 87 to the Registration Statement on Form N-1A filed on August 31, 2010. |
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(vv) |
| Articles of Amendment to Registrant’s Articles of Amendment and Restatement (changing the name of the Equity Growth Portfolio to the Opportunity Portfolio and changing the name of the Global Growth Portfolio to the Global Opportunity Portfolio), dated October 4, 2010, is incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit (a)(48) to Post-Effective Amendment No. 90 to the Registration Statement on Form N-1A filed on October 28, 2010. |
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(ww) |
| Articles Supplementary to Registrant’s Articles of Amendment and Restatement (adding Asian Equity, Global Advantage, Global Discovery and International Advantage Portfolios), is incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit (a)(49) to Post-Effective Amendment No. 91 to the Registration Statement on Form N-1A filed on December 14, 2010. |
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(xx) |
| Articles of Amendment (renaming the Capital Growth Portfolio), dated April 5, 2011, is incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit (a)(50) to Post-Effective No. 93 to the Registration Statement on Form N-1A filed on April 27, 2011. |
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(yy) |
| Articles Supplementary to Registrant’s Articles of Amendment and Restatement (adding Class H and Class L shares to Small Company Growth and U.S. Real Estate Portfolios), is incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit (a)(51) to Post-Effective No. 96 to the Registration Statement on Form N-1A filed on August 22, 2011. |
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(zz) |
| Articles Supplementary to Registrant’s Articles of Amendment and Restatement (adding Global Insight and Insight Portfolios), are incorporated by reference to Exhibit (a)(52) to Post-Effective Amendment No. 99 to the Registration Statement on Form N-1A filed on December 9, 2011. |
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(aaa) |
| Articles Supplementary to Registrant’s Articles of Amendment and Restatement (adding Class H and Class L shares to Active International Allocation, Emerging Markets, Focus Growth, Global Franchise, Growth, International Equity, International Real Estate and International Small Cap Portfolios), are incorporated by reference to Exhibit (a)(53) to Post-Effective Amendment No. 104 to the Registration Statement on Form N-1A filed on April 27, 2012. |
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(bbb) |
| Articles of Amendment to Registrant’s Articles of Amendment and Restatement (changing the name of the Emerging Markets Debt Portfolio to Emerging Markets Domestic Debt Portfolio), are incorporated by reference to Exhibit (a)(54) to Post-Effective Amendment No. 104 to the Registration Statement on Form N-1A filed on April 27, 2012. |
(ccc) |
| Articles Supplementary to Registrant’s Articles of Amendment and Restatement (adding Emerging Markets External Debt, Multi-Asset and Total Emerging Markets Portfolios), are incorporated by reference to Exhibit (a)(55) to Post-Effective Amendment No. 107 to the Registration Statement on Form N-1A filed on May 23, 2012. |
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(ddd) |
| Articles Supplementary to Registrant’s Articles of Amendment and Restatement (adding Frontier Emerging Markets Portfolio), are incorporated by reference to Exhibit (a)(56) to Post-Effective Amendment No. 109 to the Registration Statement on Form N-1A filed on June 26, 2012. |
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(2) |
| Amended and Restated By-Laws, dated June 20, 2007, are incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit (b) to Post-Effective Amendment No. 71 to the Registration Statement on Form N-1A filed on September 26, 2007. |
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(3) |
| Not applicable. |
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(4) |
| Copy of Agreement and Plan of Reorganization (filed herewith as Exhibit A to the Proxy Statement and Prospectus). |
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(5) (a) |
| Specimen Security with respect to Morgan Stanley Institutional Fund, Inc. Class A shares is incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 1(a) (Amended and Restated Articles of Incorporation), as amended to date to Post-Effective Amendment No. 26 to the Registration Statement filed on October 13, 1995 and is incorporated by reference to Exhibit 2 (Amended and Restated By-Laws), as amended to date to Post-Effective Amendment No. 33 to the Registration Statement filed on February 28, 1997. |
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(b) |
| Specimen Security with respect to Morgan Stanley Institutional Fund, Inc. Class B shares is incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 1(a) (Amended and Restated Articles of Incorporation), as amended to date to Post-Effective Amendment No. 26 to the Registration Statement filed on October 13, 1995 and is incorporated by reference to Exhibit 2 (Amended and Restated By-Laws), as amended to date to Post-Effective Amendment No. 33 to the Registration Statement filed on February 28, 1997. |
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(6) (a) |
| Amended and Restated Investment Advisory Agreement between the Registrant and Morgan Stanley Investment Management Inc., is incorporated by reference to Exhibit (d)(1) to Post-Effective Amendment No. 109 to the Registration Statement on Form N-1A filed on June 26, 2012. |
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(b) |
| Sub-Advisory Agreement between Morgan Stanley Investment Management Inc. and Morgan Stanley Investment Advisors Inc. (formerly Morgan Stanley Dean Witter Investment Advisors Inc.) (with respect to the Money Market and Municipal Money Market Portfolios) is incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit (d)(6) to Post-Effective Amendment No. 43 to the Registration Statement on Form N-1A filed on May 1, 2000. |
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(c) |
| Sub-Advisory Agreement between Morgan Stanley Investment Management Inc. and Morgan Stanley Asset & Investment Trust Management Co., Limited (relating to the Japanese Value Equity Portfolio and International Magnum Portfolio), is incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit (d)(10) to Post-Effective Amendment No. 52 to the Registration Statement on Form N-1A filed on April 30, 2004. |
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(d) |
| Amended and Restated Sub-Advisory Agreement between Morgan Stanley Investment Management Inc. and Morgan Stanley Investment Management Limited (relating to the Emerging Markets Portfolio, Global Franchise Portfolio, Global Real Estate Portfolio, International Equity Portfolio, International Real Estate Portfolio, International Small Cap Portfolio and Select Global Infrastructure Portfolio), is incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit (d)(4) to Post-Effective Amendment No. 87 to the Registration Statement on Form N-1A filed on August 31, 2010. |
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(e) |
| Amended and Restated Sub-Advisory Agreement between Morgan Stanley Investment Management Inc. and Morgan Stanley Investment Management Company (relating to the Asian Equity Portfolio, Emerging Markets Portfolio, Global Franchise Portfolio, Global Real Estate Portfolio, International Equity Portfolio, International Real Estate Portfolio and Select Global Infrastructure Portfolio), is incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit (d)(5) to Post-Effective Amendment No. 91 to the Registration Statement on Form N-1A filed on December 14, 2010. |
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(7) |
| Distribution Agreement, between Registrant and Morgan Stanley Distribution, Inc. is incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit (e)(2) to Post-Effective Amendment No. 53 to the Registration Statement on Form N1-A filed on April 29, 2005. |
(8) |
| Not applicable. |
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(9) |
| Custody Agreement between Registrant and State Street Bank and Trust Company, is incorporated by reference to Exhibit (g) to Post-Effective Amendment No. 109 to the Registration Statement on Form N-1A filed on June 26, 2012. |
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(10) (a) |
| Amended and Restated Shareholder Services Plan under Rule 12b-1 for Class P Shares, is incorporated by reference to Exhibit (m)(1) to Post-Effective Amendment No. 109 to the Registration Statement on Form N-1A filed on June 26, 2012. |
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(b) |
| Shareholder Services Plan under Rule 12b-1 for Class H Shares, is incorporated by reference to Exhibit (m)(2) to Post-Effective Amendment No. 109 to the Registration Statement on Form N-1A filed on June 26, 2012. |
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(c) |
| Amended and Restated Distribution and Shareholder Services Plan under Rule 12b-1 for Class L Shares, is incorporated by reference to Exhibit (m)(3) to Post-Effective Amendment No. 109 to the Registration Statement on Form N-1A filed on June 26, 2012. |
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(d) |
| Amended and Restated Multi-Class 18f-3 Plan, is incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit (o) to Post-Effective Amendment No. 104 to the Registration Statement on Form N-1A filed on April 27, 2012. |
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(11) (a) |
| Opinion and Consent of Dechert LLP, is filed herewith. |
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(b) |
| Opinion of Ballard Spahr LLP, is filed herewith. |
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(12) |
| Form of opinion of Dechert LLP (as to tax matters), is filed herewith. |
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(13) (a) |
| Amended and Restated Administration Agreement between the Registrant and Morgan Stanley Investment Management Inc., dated as of November 1, 2004, is incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit (h)(1) to Post-Effective Amendment No. 52 to the Registration Statement on Form N-1A filed on February 11, 2005. |
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(b) |
| Transfer Agency and Service Agreement between the Registrant and Morgan Stanley Services Company Inc., dated June 9, 2008, is incorporated by reference to Exhibit (h)(2) to Post-Effective Amendment No. 109 to the Registration Statement on Form N-1A filed on June 26, 2012. |
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(c) |
| Amendment to Transfer Agency and Service Agreement between Registrant and Morgan Stanley Services Company Inc., dated April 23, 2009, is incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit (h)(3) to Post-Effective Amendment No. 93 to the Registration Statement on Form N-1A filed on April 27, 2011. |
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(14) |
| Consent of Ernst & Young LLP (with respect to Form N-14), is filed herewith. |
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(15) |
| Not applicable. |
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(16) |
| Powers of Attorney of Directors, dated May 1, 2012, are incorporated by reference to Exhibit (16) to the Registration Statement on Form N-14 filed on May 9, 2012. |
ITEM 17. UNDERTAKINGS
(1) The undersigned registrant agrees that prior to any public reoffering of the securities registered through the use of a prospectus which is a part of this registration statement on Form N-14 by any person or party who is deemed to be an underwriter within the meaning of Rule 145(c) of the Securities Act, the reoffering prospectus will contain the information called for by the applicable registration form for the reofferings by persons who may be deemed underwriters, in addition to the information called for by the other items of the applicable form.
(2) The undersigned registrant agrees that every prospectus that is filed under paragraph (1) above will be filed as a part of an amendment to this registration statement on Form N-14 and will not be used until the amendment is effective, and that, in determining any liability under the Securities Act, each post-effective amendment shall be deemed to be a new registration statement for the securities offered therein, and the offering of the securities at that time shall be deemed to be the initial bona fide offering of them.
(3) The undersigned registrant undertakes to file a post-effective amendment to this registration statement upon the closing of the Reorganization described in this registration statement that contains an opinion of counsel supporting the tax matters discussed in this registration statement.
SIGNATURES
As required by the Securities Act of 1933, this registration statement has been signed on behalf of the registrant, in the City of New York and State of New York on this 29th day of June, 2012.
| MORGAN STANLEY INSTITUTIONAL FUND, INC. | |
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| By: | /s/ Arthur Lev |
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| Arthur Lev |
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| President and Principal Executive Officer |
As required by the Securities Act of 1933, this registration statement has been signed below by the following persons in the capacities and on the dates indicated.
Signatures |
| Title |
| Date | |
(1) Principal Executive Officer |
| President and Principal Executive Officer |
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| |
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By: | /s/ Arthur Lev |
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| June 29, 2012 |
| Arthur Lev |
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(2) Principal Financial Officer |
| Principal Financial Officer |
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| |
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By: | /s/ Francis J. Smith |
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| June 29, 2012 |
| Francis J. Smith |
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(3) Majority of the Directors |
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INDEPENDENT DIRECTORS |
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| |
Frank L. Bowman |
| Michael F. Klein |
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| |
Michael Bozic |
| Michael E. Nugent |
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| |
Kathleen A. Dennis |
| W. Allen Reed |
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| |
Dr. Manuel H. Johnson |
| Fergus Reid |
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| |
Joseph J. Kearns |
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By: | /s/ Carl Frischling |
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| June 29, 2012 |
| Carl Frischling |
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| Attorney-in-Fact for the Independent Directors |
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INTERESTED DIRECTOR |
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| |
James F. Higgins |
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By: | /s/ Stefanie V. Chang Yu |
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| June 29, 2012 |
| Stefanie V. Chang Yu |
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| Attorney-in-Fact for the Interested Director |
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EXHIBIT INDEX
(11) | (a) |
| Opinion and Consent of Dechert LLP. |
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| (b) |
| Opinion of Ballard Spahr LLP. |
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(12) |
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| Form of opinion of Dechert LLP (as to tax matters). |
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(14) |
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| Consent of Ernst & Young LLP (with respect to Form N-14). |