| Filed pursuant to Rule 424(b)(1) |
| Registration No. 333-159212 |
The information in this prospectus is not complete and may be changed. This prospectus is not an offer to sell these securities and it is not soliciting an offer to buy or sell these securities in any jurisdiction where the offer or sale is not permitted. These securities may not be sold until the registration statement filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission is effective.
Up to 2,579,898 Class A Common Shares
Excel Maritime Carriers Ltd.
Through this prospectus, the selling securityholders are offering up to 2,579,898 Class A common shares.
This prospectus relates to the proposed sale from time to time by certain holders listed below under the section entitled “Selling Shareholders” of up to 2,579,898 Class A common shares of Excel Maritime Carriers Ltd., or Excel. The selling shareholders may sell any or all of their Excel Class A common shares on any stock exchange, market or trading facility on which the shares are traded or in privately negotiated transactions at fixed prices that may be changed, at market prices prevailing at the time of sale or at negotiated prices. Information on these selling shareholders and the times and manner in which they may offer and sell Excel Class A common shares is described under the sections entitled “Selling Shareholders” and “Plan of Distribution” in this prospectus. We are not selling any Excel Class A common shares under this prospectus and will not receive any of the proceeds from the sale of these Excel Class A common shares by the selling shareholders.
Our Class A common stock is listed on the New York Stock Exchange under the symbol “EXM.” On July 6, 2009, the last reported sale price of our Class A common stock was $6.33 per share. Class B shareholders together own 100% of the shares of our issued and outstanding Class B common stock, representing approximately 67% of the voting power of our outstanding capital stock.
Investing in our securities involves significant risks. See the section titled “Risk Factors” beginning on page 8 of this prospectus. You should read this prospectus and any accompanying prospectus supplement carefully before you make your investment decision.
_________________
The securities issued under this prospectus may be offered directly or through underwriters, agents or dealers as set forth in the prospectus.
NEITHER THE SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION NOR ANY STATE SECURITIES COMMISSION HAS APPROVED OR DISAPPROVED THESE SECURITIES, OR DETERMINED IF THIS PROSPECTUS IS TRUTHFUL OR COMPLETE. ANY REPRESENTATION TO THE CONTRARY IS A CRIMINAL OFFENSE.
The date of this prospectus is July 24, 2009
TABLE OF CONTENTS
ABOUT THIS PROSPECTUS | |
PROSPECTUS SUMMARY | 1 |
SUMMARY CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL AND OTHER DATA | 5 |
RISK FACTORS | 8 |
FORWARD LOOKING STATEMENTS | 25 |
PER SHARE MARKET PRICE INFORMATION | 26 |
DIVIDEND POLICY | 27 |
USE OF PROCEEDS | 28 |
CAPITALIZATION | 29 |
ENFORCEMENT OF CIVIL LIABILITIES | 30 |
TAXATION | 31 |
DESCRIPTION OF CAPITAL STOCK | 37 |
SELLING SHAREHOLDERS | 40 |
PLAN OF DISTRIBUTION | 42 |
EXPENSES | 44 |
LEGAL MATTERS | 44 |
EXPERTS | 44 |
WHERE YOU CAN FIND ADDITIONAL INFORMATION | 44 |
ABOUT THIS PROSPECTUS
In this prospectus, “we”, “us”, “our” and the “Company” all refer to Excel Maritime Carriers Ltd.
Unless otherwise indicated, all dollar references in this prospectus are to U.S. dollars and financial information presented in this prospectus that is derived from financial statements incorporated by reference is prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States.
This prospectus is part of a registration statement that we filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission, or Commission. You should read carefully both this prospectus and the additional information described below.
This prospectus is part of a registration statement that we filed with the Commission utilizing a shelf registration process. Under this shelf registration process, the selling securityholders may sell, from time to time, shares of our Class A common stock. This prospectus provides you with a general description of shares of our Class A common stock. When the selling securityholders sell the shares of our Class A common stock registered under the registration statement of which this prospectus is part, we may provide a prospectus supplement that will contain specific information about the terms of shares of our Class A common stock offered, and about their offering. A prospectus supplement may also add, supplement, update or change information in this prospectus.
In addition, this prospectus does not contain all the information provided in the registration statement that we filed with the Commission. For further information about us or the securities offered hereby, you should refer to that registration statement, which you can obtain from the Commission as described below under “Where You Can Find More Information.”
PROSPECTUS SUMMARY
This section summarizes some of the information that is contained later in this prospectus or in other documents incorporated by reference into this prospectus. As an investor or prospective investor, you should review carefully the risk factors and the more detailed information that appears later in this prospectus or is contained in the documents that we incorporate by reference into the prospectus.
Our Company
We are an international provider of dry bulk seaborne transportation services, with a focus on the transport of iron ore, coal and grain, collectively referred to as “major bulks,” and steel products, fertilizers, cement, bauxite, sugar and scrap metal, collectively referred to as “minor bulks.” Our Class A common stock trades on the New York Stock Exchange, or NYSE, under the symbol “EXM.” On April 15, 2008, we completed an acquisition of Quintana Maritime Limited, or Quintana, formerly a NASDAQ-listed international provider of dry bulk seaborne transportation services, in which Quintana merged with one of our wholly-owned subsidiaries.
We currently operate a fleet of 47 dry bulk vessels consisting of five Capesize, 14 Kamsarmax, 21 Panamax, five Handymax, and two Supramax vessels, representing a total carrying capacity of approximately 3.9 million dwt. We acquired 30 of our vessels in the acquisition of Quintana, and we own all of the 47 vessels we operate except for seven Panamax vessels that we operate under bareboat charters pursuant to sale and lease-back transactions entered into by Quintana in July 2007. Currently, the average age of our vessels is approximately 9.1 years.
In addition, we have acquired Quintana’s interests in seven joint venture vessel-owning companies that were each formed in 2007 to purchase a newbuilding Capesize drybulk vessel. We own a 50% interest in six of these joint venture companies and a 42.8% interest in the other. The seven new vessels are expected to be delivered to the joint ventures during 2010 and will have a total carrying capacity of approximately 1.3 million dwt. We expect to manage these vessels on behalf of the joint ventures and to receive management fees from the joint ventures. For four of these vessels, no refund guarantee has yet been received. Until such time as a refund guarantee is received, no installments will be paid for these vessels and as a result, these vessels may be delivered late or may never be delivered at all. We also assumed Quintana’s contract to purchase a Capesize vessel, the Sandra, which was delivered to us in the fourth quarter of 2008.
The technical management of our fleet is conducted by our wholly-owned subsidiary Maryville Maritime Inc., or Maryville.
Our Fleet
The following is a list of the 47 vessels in our current fleet as of July 3, 2009, all of which are dry bulk carriers:
| | | |
| | | |
Sandra | 180,000 | 2008 | Capesize |
Iron Miner | 177,000 | 2007 | Capesize |
Lowlands Beilun | 170,162 | 1999 | Capesize |
Iron Beauty | 165,500 | 2001 | Capesize |
Kirmar | 165,500 | 2001 | Capesize |
Iron Bradyn | 82,769 | 2005 | Kamsarmax |
Coal Gypsy | 82,300 | 2006 | Kamsarmax |
Coal Hunter | 82,300 | 2006 | Kamsarmax |
Iron Brooke | 82,300 | 2007 | Kamsarmax |
Iron Lindrew | 82,300 | 2007 | Kamsarmax |
Iron Manolis | 82,300 | 2007 | Kamsarmax |
Pascha | 82,300 | 2006 | Kamsarmax |
Santa Barbara | 82,266 | 2006 | Kamsarmax |
Iron Fuzeyya | 82,229 | 2006 | Kamsarmax |
Ore Hansa | 82,229 | 2006 | Kamsarmax |
Iron Kalypso | 82,204 | 2006 | Kamsarmax |
Iron Anne | 82,000 | 2006 | Kamsarmax |
Iron Bill | 82,000 | 2006 | Kamsarmax |
Iron Vassilis | 82,000 | 2006 | Kamsarmax |
Grain Express | 76,466 | 2004 | Panamax |
Iron Knight | 76,429 | 2004 | Panamax |
Grain Harvester | 76,417 | 2004 | Panamax |
Isminaki | 74,577 | 1998 | Panamax |
Angela Star | 73,798 | 1998 | Panamax |
Elinakos | 73,751 | 1997 | Panamax |
Rodon | 73,670 | 1993 | Panamax |
Coal Glory (1) | 73,670 | 1995 | Panamax |
Fearless I (1) | 73,427 | 1997 | Panamax |
Barbara (1) | 73,390 | 1997 | Panamax |
Linda Leah (1) | 73,390 | 1997 | Panamax |
King Coal (1) | 72,873 | 1997 | Panamax |
Coal Age (1) | 72,861 | 1997 | Panamax |
Iron Man (1) | 72,861 | 1997 | Panamax |
Coal Pride | 72,600 | 1999 | Panamax |
Happy Day | 71,694 | 1997 | Panamax |
Birthday | 71,504 | 1993 | Panamax |
Renuar | 70,128 | 1993 | Panamax |
Powerful | 70,083 | 1994 | Panamax |
Fortezza | 69,634 | 1993 | Panamax |
First Endeavour | 69,111 | 1994 | Panamax |
July M | 55,567 | 2005 | Supramax |
Mairouli | 53,206 | 2005 | Supramax |
Emerald | 45,588 | 1998 | Handymax |
Marybelle | 42,552 | 1987 | Handymax |
Attractive | 41,524 | 1985 | Handymax |
Lady | 41,090 | 1985 | Handymax |
Princess I | 38,858 | 1994 | Handymax |
| | | |
TOTAL DWT | 3,860,372 | | |
(1) Indicates a vessel sold by Quintana to a third party in July 2007 and subsequently leased back to Quintana under a bareboat charter.
Our Business Strategy
We intend to increase our profitability and strengthen our core business through the following principal strategies:
Fleet Expansion and Reduction in Average Age. We intend to continue to grow and, over time, reduce the average age of our fleet. Most significantly, our recent acquisition of Quintana has allowed us to add 30 young and well maintained dry bulk carriers to our fleet. Our vessel acquisition candidates generally are chosen based on economic and technical criteria. We also expect to explore opportunities to sell some of our older vessels at attractive prices.
Balanced Fleet Deployment Strategy. Our fleet deployment strategy seeks to maximize charter revenue throughout industry cycles while maintaining cash flow stability. We intend to achieve this through a balanced portfolio of spot and period time charters. Upon completion of their current charters, our recently acquired vessels may or may not be employed on spot / short-duration time charters, depending on the market conditions at the time.
Capitalizing on our Established Reputation. We believe that we have established a reputation in the international shipping community for maintaining high standards of performance, reliability and safety. In addition, our wholly owned management subsidiary, Maryville carries the distinction of being one of the first Greece-based ship management companies to have been certified ISO 14001 compliant by Bureau Veritas.
Expansion of Operations and Client Base. We aim to become one of the world's premier full service dry bulk shipping companies. The acquisition of Quintana was an important step towards achieving this goal. Following the merger, we now operate a fleet of 47 vessels with a total carrying capacity of 3.9 million dwt and a current average age of approximately 9.1 years, which makes us one of the largest dry bulk shipping companies in the industry and gives us the largest dry bulk fleet by dwt operated by any U.S.-listed company.
Competitive Strengths
We believe that we possess a number of competitive strengths in our industry:
Experienced Management Team. Our management team has significant experience in operating dry bulk carriers and expertise in all aspects of commercial, technical, operational and financial areas of our business, promoting a focused marketing effort, tight quality and cost controls, and effective operations and safety monitoring.
Strong Customer Relationships. We have strong relationships with our customers and charterers that we believe are the result of the quality of our fleet and our reputation for quality vessel operations. Through our wholly-owned management subsidiary, Maryville, we have many long-established customer relationships, and our management believes it is well regarded within the international shipping community. During the past 18 years, vessels managed by Maryville have been repeatedly chartered by subsidiaries of major dry bulk operators. In 2008, we derived approximately 23% of our gross revenues from a single charterer, Bunge Limited, or Bunge, which is an agribusiness.
Cost Efficient Operations. We have historically operated our fleet on a high quality, cost effective basis by carefully selecting quality second hand vessels, competitively commissioning and actively supervising cost efficient shipyards to perform repair, reconditioning and systems upgrading work, together with a proactive preventive maintenance program both ashore and at sea, and employing professional, well-trained masters, officers and crews. We believe that this combination has allowed us to minimize off-hire periods, effectively manage insurance costs and control overall operating expenses.
A discussion of factors affecting those competitive conditions is included under “Risk Factors” beginning on page 8.
Corporate Structure
Excel Maritime Carriers Ltd. is a holding company, incorporated under the laws of The Republic of Liberia on November 2, 1988. We own our vessel-owning subsidiaries through Point Holdings Ltd., a wholly-owned subsidiary incorporated in Liberia, and Bird Acquisition Corp., a wholly-owned subsidiary incorporated in the Marshall Islands. We own each of our vessels through separate wholly-owned subsidiaries. On April 15, 2008, we completed our acquisition of Quintana. As a result of the acquisition, Quintana operates as a wholly-owned subsidiary of Excel under the name Bird Acquisition Corp., or Bird. Under the terms of the merger agreement, each issued and outstanding share of Quintana common stock was converted into the right to receive (i) $13.00 in cash and (ii) 0.3979 shares of Excel Class A common stock. We paid approximately $764.0 million in cash and 23,496,308 shares of our Class A common stock to existing shareholders of Quintana in exchange for all of the outstanding shares of Quintana. The total consideration for the acquisition amounted to $1.4 billion.
We maintain our principal executive offices at Par La Ville Place, 14 Par-La-Ville Road, Hamilton, HM JX, Bermuda. Our telephone number is (011)(30) (210) 620-9520. Our website is www.excelmaritime.com. The information contained on our website is not part of this prospectus. As of September 15, 2005, our Class A common shares have been listed on the NYSE under the symbol “EXM.” Previously, our shares were listed on the American Stock Exchange under the symbol “EXM.”
The Securities We Are Registering
We are using this prospectus to register up to 2,579,898 Class A common shares, par value $0.01 per share, to be sold by the selling shareholders listed herein.
The summary below describes the principal terms of the securities being offered hereunder. Certain of the terms and conditions described below are subject to important limitations and exceptions.
Class A Common Shares offered by selling shareholders | Up to 2,579,898 Class A common shares. |
| |
Class A Common Shares to be outstanding immediately after this offering | 71,667,134 Class A common shares |
| |
Use of proceeds | We are not selling any Excel Class A common shares under this prospectus and will not receive any of the proceeds from the sale of these Excel Class A common shares by the selling shareholders. |
| |
U.S. Federal Income Tax Considerations | See “Taxation — U.S. Federal Income Tax Considerations” for a general summary of the U.S. federal income taxation of the ownership and disposition of our Class A common shares. Holders are urged to consult their respective tax advisers with respect to the application of the U.S. federal income tax laws to their own particular situation as well as any tax consequences of the ownership and disposition of our Class A common shares arising under the federal estate or gift tax rules or under the laws of any state, local, foreign or other taxing jurisdiction or under any applicable treaty. |
Trading Symbol for our Class A Common Stock | Our Class A common shares are traded on the NYSE under the symbol “EXM.” |
Risk Factors | Investing in the Class A common shares involves substantial risks. In evaluating an investment in the Class A common shares, prospective investors should carefully consider, along with the other information set forth in this prospectus, the specific factors set forth under “Risk Factors” beginning on page 8 for risks involved with an investment in the Class A common shares. |
SUMMARY CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL AND OTHER DATA
The following table sets forth summary consolidated financial data as of and for each of the three years ended December 31, 2006, 2007 and 2008. This data was derived from our audited consolidated financial statements included in our Form 6-K containing our consolidated financial statements and related information and data as of and for the year ended December 31, 2008, that have been adjusted to reflect the adoption of Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 160, “Non-controlling Interests in Consolidated Financial Statements — an amendment of Accounting Research Bulletin No.51” and FSP No. APB 14-1, “Accounting for Convertible Debt Instruments That May Be Settled in Cash upon Conversion (Including Partial Cash Settlement)”, as well as the change in the method of accounting for dry docking and special survey costs from the deferral method to the direct expense method discussed in the notes to the consolidated financial statements included in the Form 6-K filed on June 1, 2009, which is incorporated by reference herein. The Form 6-K provides retrospective information to show the effect of the changes in accounting principles that the Company implemented effective January 1, 2009 to the financials appearing in the Company's annual report on Form 20-F for the year ended December 31, 2008 filed on May 1, 2009, which includes financial statements for the fiscal years 2006, 2007 and 2008.
The consolidated financial statements contained in the Form 6-K are audited, and supersede the consolidated financial statements included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 20-F filed on May 1, 2009. Except to the extent relating to the updating of the Company’s consolidated financial statements and other financial information described above, the consolidated financial statements and other disclosures in the Form 6-K do not reflect any changes from that included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 20-F filed on May 1, 2009 (except Notes 19(g) and (h)).
| | Year ended December 31, | |
| | 2006 | | | 2007 | | | 2008 (1) | |
INCOME STATEMENT DATA: | | | | | | | | | |
(In thousands of U.S.Dollars, except for share and per share data) | | | | | | | | | |
Voyage revenues | | $ | 123,551 | | | $ | 176,689 | | | | 461,203 | |
Time charter amortization | | | - | | | | - | | | | 233,967 | |
Revenues from managing related party vessels | | | 558 | | | | 818 | | | | 890 | |
Voyage expenses | | | (8,109 | ) | | | (11,077 | ) | | | (28,145 | ) |
Charter hire expense | | | - | | | | - | | | | (23,385 | ) |
Charter hire amortization | | | - | | | | - | | | | (28,447 | ) |
Commissions – related party | | | (1,536 | ) | | | (2,204 | ) | | | (3,620 | ) |
Vessel operating expenses | | | (30,414 | ) | | | (33,637 | ) | | | (69,684 | ) |
Depreciation | | | (28,453 | ) | | | (27,864 | ) | | | (98,753 | ) |
Vessel impairment loss | | | - | | | | - | | | | (2,232 | ) |
Dry docking and special survey costs | | | (4,239 | ) | | | (6,834 | ) | | | (13,511 | ) |
Management fees charged by a related party…... | | | - | | | | - | | | | - | |
Contract termination expense-related party | | | - | | | | - | | | | - | |
General and administrative expenses | | | (9,837 | ) | | | (12,586 | ) | | | (32,925 | ) |
Gain on sale of vessels | | | - | | | | 6,993 | | | | - | |
Write down of goodwill | | | - | | | | - | | | | (335,404 | ) |
Loss from vessel’s purchase cancellation | | | - | | | | - | | | | (15,632 | ) |
Operating income | | | 41,521 | | | | 90,298 | | | | 44,322 | |
Interest and finance costs, net | | | (11,844 | ) | | | (8,111 | ) | | | (54,889 | ) |
Interest rate swap losses, net | | | (773 | ) | | | (439 | ) | | | (35,884 | ) |
Foreign exchange gains (losses) | | | (212 | ) | | | (367 | ) | | | 71 | |
Other, net | | | 145 | | | | (66 | ) | | | 1,585 | |
US source income taxes | | | (426 | ) | | | (486 | ) | | | (783 | ) |
Income from investment in affiliate | | | - | | | | 873 | | | | 487 | |
Loss in value of investment | | | - | | | | - | | | | (10,963 | ) |
Net income (loss) | | | 28,411 | | | | 81,702 | | | | (56,054 | ) |
Loss assumed by non-controlling interests | | | 3 | | | | 2 | | | | 140 | |
Net income (loss) attributable to Excel | | $ | 28,414 | | | $ | 81,704 | | | $ | (55,914 | ) |
| | Year ended December 31, | |
| | 2006 | | | 2007 | | | 2008 (1) | |
Earnings (losses) per common share, basic | | $ | 1.42 | | | $ | 4.10 | | | $ | (1.53 | ) |
Weighted average number of shares, basic | | | 19,947,411 | | | | 19,949,644 | | | | 37,003,101 | |
Earnings (losses) per common share, diluted | | $ | 1.42 | | | $ | 4.09 | | | $ | (1.53 | ) |
Weighted average number of shares, diluted | | | 19,947,411 | | | | 19,965,676 | | | | 37,003,101 | |
Cash dividends declared per share | | $ | - | | | $ | 0.60 | | | $ | 1.20 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
BALANCE SHEET DATA: | | | | | | | | | | | | |
(In thousands of U.S.Dollars) | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Cash and cash equivalents | | $ | 86,289 | | | $ | 243,672 | | | $ | 109,792 | |
Current assets, including cash | | | 95,788 | | | | 252,734 | | | | 127,050 | |
Vessels net / advances for vessels under construction | | | 437,418 | | | | 527,164 | | | | 2,893,615 | |
Total assets | | | 545,055 | | | | 813,499 | | | | 3,316,809 | |
Current liabilities, including current portion of long—term debt | | | 43,719 | | | | 55,990 | | | | 314,903 | |
Total long—term debt, excluding current portion | | | 185,467 | | | | 315,301 | | | | 1,256,707 | |
Total Stockholders’ equity | | | 315,865 | | | | 442,208 | | | | 1,053,398 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
OTHER FINANCIAL DATA: | | | | | | | | | | | | |
(In thousands of U.S.Dollars, except average daily results) | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net cash provided by operating activities | | $ | 58,341 | | | $ | 108,733 | | | $ | 263,899 | |
Net cash used in investing activities | | | (662 | ) | | | (123,609 | ) | | | (785,279 | ) |
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities | | | (29,882 | ) | | | 172,259 | | | | 387,500 | |
| | Year ended December 31, | |
| | 2006 | | | 2007 | | | 2008 (1) | |
FLEET DATA: | | | | | | | | | |
Average number of vessels (2) | | | 17.0 | | | | 16.5 | | | | 38.6 | |
Available days for fleet (3) | | | 5,934 | | | | 5,646 | | | | 13,724 | |
Calendar days for fleet (4) | | | 6,205 | | | | 6,009 | | | | 14,134 | |
Fleet utilization (5) | | | 95.6 | % | | | 94.0 | % | | | 97.1 | % |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
AVERAGE DAILY RESULTS: | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Time charter equivalent (6) | | $ | 19,195 | | | $ | 28,942 | | | $ | 31,291 | |
Vessel operating expenses(7) | | | 4,901 | | | | 5,598 | | | | 4,930 | |
General and administrative expenses (8) | | | 1,620 | | | | 2,156 | | | | 2,324 | |
Total vessel operating expenses (9) | | | 6,521 | | | | 7,754 | | | | 7,254 | |
(1) On January 29, 2008, we entered into an Agreement and Plan of Merger with Quintana and Bird, our direct wholly-owned subsidiary. On April 15, 2008, we completed the acquisition of 100% of the voting equity interests in Quintana. As a result of the acquisition, Quintana operates as a wholly owned subsidiary of Excel under the name Bird. The acquisition of Quintana was accounted for under the purchase method of accounting. The Company began consolidating Quintana from April 16, 2008, as of which date the results of operations of Quintana are included in our earnings.
(2) Average number of vessels is the number of vessels that constituted our fleet for the relevant period, as measured by the sum of the number of calendar days each vessel was a part of our fleet during the period divided by the number of calendar days in that period.
(3) Available days for fleet are the total calendar days the vessels were in our possession for the relevant period after subtracting for off hire days associated with major repairs, dry-dockings or special or intermediate surveys.
(4) Calendar days are the total days we possessed the vessels in our fleet for the relevant period including off hire days associated with major repairs, dry-dockings or special or intermediate surveys.
(5) Fleet utilization is the percentage of time that our vessels were available for revenue generating available days, and is determined by dividing available days by fleet calendar days for the relevant period.
(6) Time charter equivalent, or TCE, is a measure of the average daily revenue performance of a vessel on a per voyage basis. Our method of calculating TCE is consistent with industry standards and is determined by dividing voyage revenues, (net of voyage expenses) by available days for the relevant time period. Voyage expenses primarily consist of port, canal and fuel costs, net of gains or losses from the sales of bunkers to time charterers that are unique to a particular voyage, which would otherwise be paid by the charterer under a time charter contract, as well as commissions.
Time charter equivalent revenue and TCE rate are not measures of financial performance under U.S. GAAP and may not be comparable to similarly titled measures of other companies. However, TCE is a standard shipping industry performance measure used primarily to compare period-to-period changes in a shipping company’s performance despite changes in the mix of charter types (i.e., spot voyage charters, time charters and bareboat charters) under which the vessels may be employed between the periods. The following table reflects the calculation of our TCE rate for the years presented (amounts in thousands of U.S. dollars, except for TCE rate, which is expressed in U.S. dollars and available days):
| | Year ended December 31, | |
| | 2006 | | | 2007 | | | 2008 | |
| | | | | | | | | |
Voyage revenues | | $ | 123,551 | | | $ | 176,689 | | | | 461,203 | |
Less: Voyage expenses and commissions to related party | | | (9,645 | ) | | | (13,281 | ) | | | (31,765 | ) |
Time Charter equivalent revenues | | | 113,906 | | | | 163,408 | | | | 429,438 | |
Available days for fleet | | | 5,934 | | | | 5,646 | | | | 13,724 | |
Time charter equivalent (TCE) rate | | $ | 19,195 | | | $ | 28,942 | | | $ | 31,291 | |
(7) Daily vessel operating expenses, which include crew costs, provisions, deck and engine stores, lubricating oil, insurance, maintenance and repairs is calculated by dividing vessel operating expenses by fleet calendar days for the relevant time period.
(8) Daily general and administrative expenses are calculated by dividing general and administrative expenses including foreign exchange differences by fleet calendar days for the relevant time period.
(9) Total vessel operating expenses, or TVOE, is a measurement of our total expenses associated with operating our vessels. TVOE is the sum of vessel operating expenses and general and administrative expenses. Daily TVOE is the sum of daily vessel operating expenses and daily general and administrative expenses.
RISK FACTORS
We have identified a number of risk factors that you should consider before buying the shares of our Class A common stock. The occurrence of one or more of those risk factors could adversely impact our results of operations or financial condition. You should carefully consider the risk factors set forth below as well as the other information included in this prospectus in evaluating us or our business before deciding to purchase any Class A common stock. The risks described below are not the only risks that we face. Additional risks and uncertainties not currently known to us or that we currently deem to be immaterial may also impair our business operations. The occurrence of any of the events described in this section or any of these risks may have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows. In that case, you may lose all or part of your investment in the Class A common stock.
Some of the following risks relate principally to the industry in which we operate and our business in general. The risks and uncertainties described below are not the only ones we face. Additional risks and uncertainties not presently known to us or that we currently deem immaterial also may impair our business operations. If any of the following risks occur, our business, financial condition, operating results and cash flows could be materially adversely affected and the trading price of our securities could decline.
Industry Specific Risk Factors
The downturn in the dry bulk charter market may have an adverse effect on our earnings, may require us to impair the carrying values of our fleet, affect compliance with our loan covenants, require us to raise additional capital in order to remain compliant with our loan covenants and affect our ability to pay dividends in the future.
The Baltic Dry Index, or BDI, a daily average of charter rates in 26 shipping routes measured on a time charter and voyage basis and covering Handysize, Supramax, Panamax, and Capesize dry bulk carriers, has fallen over 90% from May 2008 through December 2008 and almost 78% during the fourth quarter of 2008 alone, reaching a low of 663, or 94% below the May 2008 high point, in December 2008. The decline in charter rates is due to various factors, including the lack of trade financing for purchases of commodities carried by sea, which has resulted in a significant decline in cargo shipments, and the excess supply of iron ore in China which has resulted in falling iron ore prices and increased stockpiles in Chinese ports. The decline in charter rates in the dry bulk market also affects the value of our dry bulk vessels, which follow the trends of dry bulk charter rates, and earnings on our charters, and similarly, affects our cash flows, liquidity and compliance with the covenants contained in our loan agreements.
The current downturn in the dry bulk charter market has significantly reduced the charter rates for our vessels trading in the spot market. While we have currently received waivers from our lenders, in connection with the $1.4 billion Nordea credit facility and the Credit Suisse credit facility, for any non-compliance with loan covenants, if we are not able to remedy such non-compliance by the time the waivers expire, our lenders could require us to post additional collateral, enhance our equity and liquidity, increase our interest payments or pay down our indebtedness to a level where we are in compliance with our loan covenants, sell vessels from our fleet, or they could accelerate our indebtedness and foreclose on their collateral, which would impair our ability to continue to conduct our business. In addition, if we are not in compliance with these covenants and we are unable to obtain waivers, we will not be able to pay dividends in the future until the covenant defaults are cured or we obtain waivers. This may limit our ability to continue to conduct our operations, pay dividends to you, finance our future operations, make acquisitions or pursue business opportunities.
In addition, if we are able to sell additional shares at a time when the charter rates in the dry bulk charter market are low, such sales could be at prices below those at which shareholders had purchased their shares, which could, in turn, result in significant dilution of our then existing shareholders and affect our ability to pay dividends in the future and our earnings per share. Even if we are able to raise additional capital in the equity markets, there is no assurance we will remain compliant with our loan covenants in the future.
In addition, if the book value of a vessel is impaired due to unfavorable market conditions or a vessel is sold at a price below its book value, we would incur a loss that could adversely affect our operating results.
The cyclical nature of the shipping industry may lead to volatile changes in freight rates and vessel values which may adversely affect our earnings.
We are an independent shipping company that operates in the dry bulk shipping markets. One of the factors that impacts our profitability is the freight rates we are able to charge. The dry bulk shipping industry is cyclical with attendant volatility in charter hire rates and profitability. The degree of charter hire rate volatility among different types of dry bulk vessels has varied widely, and charter hire rates for dry bulk vessels have recently declined from historically high levels. Fluctuations in charter rates result from changes in the supply and demand for vessel capacity and changes in the supply and demand for the major commodities carried by sea internationally. Because the factors affecting the supply and demand for vessels are outside of our control and are unpredictable, the nature, timing, direction and degree of changes in industry conditions are also unpredictable.
Factors that influence demand for vessel capacity include:
| · | supply and demand for dry bulk products; |
| · | global and regional economic conditions; |
| · | the distance dry bulk cargoes are to be moved by sea; and |
| · | changes in seaborne and other transportation patterns. |
The factors that influence the supply of vessel capacity include:
| · | the number of newbuilding deliveries; |
| · | the scrapping rate of older vessels; |
| · | the level of port congestion; |
| · | changes in environmental and other regulations that may limit the useful life of vessels; |
| · | the number of vessels that are out of service; and |
| · | changes in global dry bulk commodity production. |
We anticipate that the future demand for our dry bulk vessels will be dependent upon continued economic growth in the world’s economies, including China and India, seasonal and regional changes in demand, changes in the capacity of the global dry bulk fleet and the sources and supply of dry bulk cargo to be transported by sea. The capacity of the global dry bulk carrier fleet seems likely to increase and there can be no assurance that economic growth will continue. Adverse economic, political, social or other developments could have a material adverse effect on our business and operating results.
A further economic slowdown in the Asia Pacific region could exacerbate the effect of recent slowdowns in the economies of the United States and the European Union and may have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
We anticipate a significant number of the port calls made by our vessels will continue to involve the loading or discharging of dry bulk commodities in ports in the Asia Pacific region. As a result, negative change in economic conditions in any Asia Pacific country, but particularly in China, may exacerbate the effect of recent slowdowns in the economies of the United States and the European Union and may have a material adverse effect on our business, financial position and results of operations, as well as our future prospects. In recent years, China has been one of the world’s fastest growing economies in terms of gross domestic product, which has had a significant impact on shipping demand. For the year ended December 31, 2008, the growth of China’s gross domestic product from the prior year ended December 31, 2007 was approximately 9%, compared with a growth rate of 11.2% over the same two year period ended December 31, 2007, and its growth in the fourth quarter of 2008 fell to an annualized rate of 6.8%. It is likely that China and other countries in the Asia Pacific region will continue to experience slowed or even negative economic growth in the near future. Moreover, the current economic slowdown in the economies of the United States, the European Union and other Asian countries may further adversely affect economic growth in China and elsewhere. China has recently announced a $586.0 billion stimulus package aimed in part at increasing investment and consumer spending and maintaining export growth in response to the recent slowdown in its economic growth. Our business, financial condition, results of operations, ability to pay dividends as well as our future prospects, will likely be materially and adversely affected by a further economic downturn in any of these countries.
Disruptions in world financial markets and the resulting governmental action in the United States and in other parts of the world could have a material adverse impact on our ability to obtain financing, our results of operations, financial condition and cash flows and could cause the market price of our common shares to decline.
The United States has entered into a recession and other parts of the world are exhibiting deteriorating economic trends. For example, the credit markets worldwide and in the United States have experienced significant contraction, de-leveraging and reduced liquidity, and the United States federal government, state governments and foreign governments have implemented and are considering a broad variety of governmental action and/or new regulation of the financial markets. Securities and futures markets and the credit markets are subject to comprehensive statutes, regulations and other requirements. The Commission, other regulators, self-regulatory organizations and exchanges are authorized to take extraordinary actions in the event of market emergencies, and may effect changes in law or interpretations of existing laws.
Recently, a number of financial institutions have experienced serious financial difficulties and, in some cases, have entered bankruptcy proceedings or are in regulatory enforcement actions. The uncertainty surrounding the future of the credit markets in the United States and the rest of the world has resulted in reduced access to credit worldwide. As of March 31, 2009, we have total outstanding indebtedness of $1.5 billion.
We face risks attendant to changes in economic environments, changes in interest rates, and instability in certain securities markets, among other factors. Major market disruptions and the current adverse changes in market conditions and regulatory climate in the United States and worldwide may adversely affect our business or impair our ability to borrow amounts under our credit facilities or any future financial arrangements. The current market conditions may last longer than we anticipate. These recent and developing economic and governmental factors may have a material adverse effect on our results of operations, financial condition or cash flows and could cause the price of our common shares to further decline significantly.
Acts of piracy on ocean-going vessels have recently increased in frequency, which could adversely affect our business.
Acts of piracy have historically affected ocean-going vessels trading in regions of the world such as the South China Sea and in the Gulf of Aden off the coast of Somalia. Throughout 2008 the frequency of piracy incidents has increased significantly, particularly in the Gulf of Aden off the coast of Somalia, with dry bulk vessels and tankers particularly vulnerable to such attacks. For example, in November 2008, the Sirius Star, a tanker vessel not affiliated with us, was captured by pirates in the Indian Ocean while carrying crude oil estimated to be worth $100.0 million. If these piracy attacks result in regions in which our vessels are deployed being characterized as “war risk” zones by insurers, as the Gulf of Aden temporarily was in May 2008, or as “war and strikes” listed areas by the Joint War Committee, premiums payable for such coverage could increase significantly and such insurance coverage may be more difficult to obtain. In addition, crew costs, including due to employing onboard security guards, could increase in such circumstances. We may not be adequately insured to cover losses from these incidents, which could have a material adverse effect on us. In addition, detention of any of our vessels, hijacking as a result of an act of piracy against our vessels, or an increase in cost, or unavailability, of insurance for our vessels, could have a material adverse impact on our business, financial condition, results of operations and ability to pay dividends in the future.
If we violate environmental laws or regulations, the resulting liability may adversely affect our earnings and financial condition.
Our business and the operation of our vessels are materially affected by government regulation in the form of international conventions and national, state and local laws and regulations in force in the jurisdictions in which the vessels operate, as well as in the country or countries of their registration. Because such conventions, laws, and regulations are often revised, we cannot predict the ultimate cost of complying with such conventions, laws and regulations or the impact thereof on the resale price or useful life of our vessels. Additional conventions, laws and regulations may be adopted which could limit our ability to do business or increase the cost of our doing business and which may materially adversely affect our operations. We are required by various governmental and quasi-governmental agencies to obtain certain permits, licenses and certificates with respect to our operations.
The operation of our vessels is affected by the requirements set forth in the IMO’s International Management Code for the Safe Operation of Ships and Pollution Prevention or the ISM Code. The ISM Code requires ship owners, ship managers and bareboat charterers to develop and maintain an extensive “Safety Management System” that includes the adoption of a safety and environmental protection policy setting forth instructions and procedures for safe operation and describing procedures for dealing with emergencies. If we fail to comply with the ISM Code, we may be subject to increased liability, our insurance coverage may be invalidated or decreased, or our vessels may be detained or denied access to certain ports. Currently, each of our vessels, including those vessels delivered to us upon acquiring Quintana on April 15, 2008, is ISM code-certified by Bureau Veritas or American Bureau of Shipping and we expect that any vessel that we agree to purchase will be ISM code-certified upon delivery to us. Bureau Veritas and American Bureau of Shipping have awarded ISM certification to Maryville Maritime Inc., or Maryville, our vessel management company and a wholly-owned subsidiary of ours. However, there can be no assurance that such certification will be maintained indefinitely. Recently, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, or the EPA, has implemented regulations under the Clean Water Act, or the CWA that regulate the discharge of ballast water. To the extent our vessels call on U.S. ports or travel through U.S. navigable waters, we will have to submit for each of our vessels a permit application called a Notice of Intent, or NOI, by September 19, 2009.
Rising fuel prices may affect our profitability.
Fuel is a significant, if not the largest, expense in our shipping operations when vessels are not under period charter. Changes in the price of fuel may adversely affect our profitability. The price and supply of fuel is unpredictable and fluctuates based on events outside our control, including geopolitical developments, supply and demand for oil and gas, actions by OPEC and other oil and gas producers, war and unrest in oil producing countries and regions, regional production patterns and environmental concerns. Further, fuel may become much more expensive in the future, which may reduce the profitability and competitiveness of our business versus other forms of transportation.
World events outside our control may negatively affect the shipping industry, which could adversely affect our operations and financial condition.
Terrorist attacks like those in New York on September 11, 2001, London on July 7, 2005 and other countries and the United States’ continuing response to these attacks, as well as the threat of future terrorist attacks, continue to cause uncertainty in the world financial markets and may affect our business, results of operations and financial condition. The continuing conflicts in Iraq and elsewhere may lead to additional acts of terrorism and armed conflict around the world. In the past, political conflicts resulted in attacks on vessels, mining of waterways and other efforts to disrupt international shipping. For example, in October 2002, the VLCC Limburg was attacked by terrorists in Yemen. Acts of terrorism and piracy have also affected vessels trading in regions such as the South China Sea. Future terrorist attacks could result in increased volatility of the financial markets in the United States and globally and could result in an economic recession in the United States or the world. These uncertainties could adversely affect our ability to obtain additional financing on terms acceptable to us or at all. In addition, future hostilities or other political instability in regions where our vessels trade could affect our trade patterns. Any of these occurrences could have a material adverse impact on our operating results, revenue, and costs.
Our commercial vessels are subject to inspection by a classification society.
The hull and machinery of every commercial vessel must be classed by a classification society authorized by its country of registry. Classification societies are non-governmental, self-regulating organizations and certify that a vessel is safe and seaworthy in accordance with the applicable rules and regulations of the country of registry of the vessel and the Safety of Life at Sea Convention. The Company’s vessels are currently enrolled with Bureau Veritas, American Bureau of Shipping, Nippon Kaiji Kyokai, Det Norske Veritas and Lloyd’s Register of Shipping.
A vessel must undergo Annual Surveys, Intermediate Surveys and Special Surveys. In lieu of a Special Survey, a vessel’s machinery may be on a continuous survey cycle, under which the machinery would be surveyed periodically over a five-year period. Our vessels are on Special Survey cycles for hull inspection and continuous survey cycles for machinery inspection. Every vessel is also required to be dry-docked every two to three years for inspection of the underwater parts of such vessel. Generally, we will make a decision to scrap a vessel or continue operations at the time of a vessel’s fifth Special Survey.
Maritime claimants could arrest our vessels, which could interrupt our cash flow.
Crew members, suppliers of goods and services to a vessel, shippers of cargo and other parties may be entitled to a maritime lien against a vessel for unsatisfied debts, claims or damages. In many jurisdictions a maritime lienholder may enforce its lien by arresting a vessel through foreclosure proceedings. The arrest or attachment of one or more of our vessels could interrupt our cash flow and require us to make significant payments to have the arrest lifted.
In addition, in some jurisdictions, such as South Africa, under the “sister ship” theory of liability, a claimant may arrest both the vessel which is subject to the claimant's maritime lien and any “associated” vessel, which is any vessel owned or controlled by the same owner. Claimants could try to assert "sister ship" liability against one vessel in our fleet for claims relating to another of our ships.
Governments could requisition our vessels during a period of war or emergency, resulting in loss of earnings.
A government could requisition for title or seize our vessels. Requisition for title occurs when a government takes control of a vessel and becomes her owner. Also, a government could requisition our vessels for hire. Requisition for hire occurs when a government takes control of a vessel and effectively becomes her charterer at dictated charter rates. Generally, requisitions occur during a period of war or emergency. Government requisition of one or more of our vessels would negatively impact our revenues.
Company Specific Risk Factors
We are affected by voyage charters in the spot market and short-term time charters in the time charter market, which are volatile.
We charter some of our vessels on voyage charters, which are charters for one specific voyage, and some on short-term time charter basis. A short-term time charter is a charter with a term of less than six months. Although dependence on voyage charters and short-term time charters is not unusual in the shipping industry, the voyage charter and short-term time charter markets are highly competitive and rates within those markets may fluctuate significantly based upon available charters and the supply of and demand for sea borne shipping capacity. While our focus on the voyage and short-term time charter markets may enable us to benefit if industry conditions strengthen, we must consistently procure this type of charter business to obtain these benefits. Conversely, such dependence makes us vulnerable to declining market rates for this type of charters. The BDI has fallen over 90% from May 2008 through December 2008 and almost 78% during the fourth quarter of 2008 alone, reaching a low of 663, or 94% below the May 2008 high point, in December 2008. The current downturn in the dry bulk charter market, which is the result of a significant decrease in demand for dry bulk shipping, has significantly reduced the charter rates for our vessels trading in the spot market
Moreover, to the extent our vessels are employed in the voyage charter market, our voyage expenses will be more significantly impacted by increases in the cost of bunkers (fuel). Unlike time charters in which the charterer bears all of the bunker costs, in voyage charters we bear the bunker costs, port charges and canal dues. As a result, increases in fuel costs in any given period could have a material adverse effect on our cash flow and results of operations for the period in which the increase occurs.
There can be no assurance that we will be successful in keeping all our vessels fully employed in these short-term markets or that future spot and short-term charter rates will be sufficient to enable our vessels to be operated profitably. If the current low charter rates in the dry bulk market continue through any significant period, our earnings may be adversely affected.
A decline in the market value of our vessels could lead to a default under our loan agreements and the loss of our vessels.
When the market value of a vessel declines, it reduces our ability to refinance the outstanding debt or obtain future financing. Also, while we have currently received waivers from our lenders, in connection with the $1.4 billion Nordea credit facility and the Credit Suisse credit facility, for any non-compliance with loan covenants, further declines in the market and vessel values could cause us to breach financial covenants in our lending facilities in the future. In such an event, if we are unable to pledge additional collateral, or obtain waivers for such breaches from the lenders, the lenders could accelerate the debt and in general, if we are unable to service such accelerated debt, we may have vessels repossessed by our lenders.
A drop in spot charter rates may provide an incentive for some charterers to default on their time charters.
When we enter into a time charter, charter rates under that time charter are fixed for the term of the charter. If the spot charter rates in the dry bulk shipping industry become significantly lower than the time charter rates that some of our charterers are obligated to pay us under our existing time charters, the charterers may have incentive to default under that time charter or attempt to renegotiate the time charter. If our charterers fail to pay their obligations, we would have to attempt to re-charter our vessels at lower charter rates, which would affect our ability to comply with our loan covenants and operate our vessels profitably. If we are not able to comply with our loan covenants and our lenders chose to accelerate our indebtedness and foreclose their liens, we could be required to sell vessels in our fleet and our ability to continue to conduct our business would be impaired.
We depend upon a few significant customers for a large part of our revenues. The loss of one or more of these customers could adversely affect our financial performance.
We have historically derived a significant part of our revenue from a small number of charterers. During 2008, we derived approximately 23% of our gross revenues from one charterer, while during 2007 we derived approximately 12 % of our gross revenues from one charterer.
If one or more of these customers is unable to perform under one or more charters with us and we are not able to find a replacement charter, or if a customer exercises certain rights to terminate the charter, we could suffer a loss of revenues that could materially adversely affect our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash available for distribution as dividends to our shareholders.
We could lose a customer or the benefits of a time charter if, among other things:
| | the customer fails to make charter payments because of its financial inability, disagreements with us or otherwise; |
| | the customer terminates the charter because we fail to deliver the vessel within a fixed period of time, the vessel is lost or damaged beyond repair, there are serious deficiencies in the vessel or prolonged periods of off-hire, default under the charter; or |
| | the customer terminates the charter because the vessel has been subject to seizure for more than a specified number of days. |
In particular, following our acquisition of Quintana on April 15, 2008, we depend on Bunge Limited, or Bunge, which is an agribusiness, for revenues from a substantial portion of our fleet and are therefore exposed to risks in the agribusiness market. Changes in the economic, political, legal and other conditions in agribusiness could adversely affect our business and results of operations. Based on Bunge’s filings with the SEC, these risks include the following, among others:
| · | The availability and demand for the agricultural commodities and agricultural commodity products that Bunge uses and sells in its business, which can be affected by weather, disease and other factors beyond Bunge’s control; |
| · | Bunge’s vulnerability to cyclicality in the oilseed processing industry; |
| · | Bunge’s vulnerability to increases in raw material prices; and |
| · | Bunge’s exposure to economic and political instability and other risks of doing business globally and in emerging markets. |
Deterioration in Bunge’s business as a result of these or other factors could have a material adverse impact on Bunge’s ability to make timely charter hire payments to us and to renew its time charters with us. This could have a material adverse impact on our financial condition and results of operations.
When our time charters end, we may not be able to replace them promptly or with profitable ones.
We cannot assure you that we will be able to obtain charters at comparable rates or with comparable charterers, if at all, when the charters on the vessels in our fleet expire. The charterers under these charters have no obligation to renew or extend the charters. We will generally attempt to recharter our vessels at favorable rates with reputable charterers as the charters expire, unless management determines at that time to employ the vessel in the spot market. We cannot assure you that we will succeed. Failure to obtain replacement charters will reduce or eliminate our revenue, our ability to expand our fleet and our ability to pay dividends to shareholders.
If dry bulk vessel charter hire rates are lower than those under our current charters, we may have to enter into charters with lower charter hire rates. Also, it is possible that we may not obtain any charters. In addition, we may have to reposition our vessels without cargo or compensation to deliver them to future charterers or to move vessels to areas where we believe that future employment may be more likely or advantageous. Repositioning our vessels would increase our vessel operating costs.
Due to the fact that the market value of our vessels may fluctuate significantly, we may incur losses when we sell vessels or we may be required to write down their carrying value, which may adversely affect our earnings.
The fair market values of our vessels have generally experienced high volatility. Market prices for second-hand dry bulk vessels have recently been at historically high levels. You should expect the market values of our vessels to fluctuate depending on general economic and market conditions affecting the shipping industry and prevailing charter hire rates, competition from other shipping companies and other modes of transportation, the types, sizes and ages of our vessels, applicable governmental regulations and the cost of newbuildings.
If a determination is made that a vessel’s future useful life is limited or its future earnings capacity is reduced, it could result in an impairment of its value on our financial statements that would result in a charge against our earnings and the reduction of our shareholders’ equity. If for any reason we sell our vessels at a time when prices have fallen, the sale may be less than the vessels’ carrying amount on our financial statements, and we would incur a loss and a reduction in earnings.
If we are not in compliance with the covenants in our loan agreements, our ability to conduct our business and to pay dividends may be affected if we are unable to obtain waivers or covenant modifications from our lenders.
Our loan agreements contain various financial covenants. The current low dry bulk charter rates and dry bulk vessel values have affected our ability to comply with some of these covenants.
While we have currently received waivers from our lenders, in connection with the $1.4 billion Nordea credit facility and the Credit Suisse credit facility, if we are not able to remedy such non-compliance by the time the waivers expire, our lenders could require us to post additional collateral, enhance our equity and liquidity, increase our interest payments or pay down our indebtedness to a level where we are in compliance with our loan covenants, sell vessels in our fleet, or they could accelerate our indebtedness and foreclose on their collateral, which would impair our ability to continue to conduct our business. In addition, if we are not in compliance with these covenants and we are unable to obtain waivers, we will not be able to pay dividends in the future until the covenant defaults are cured or we obtain waivers. We may also be required to reclassify all of our indebtedness as current liabilities, which would be significantly in excess of our cash and other current assets, and accordingly would adversely affect our ability to continue as a going concern.
If our indebtedness is accelerated, it would be very difficult in the current financing environment for us to refinance our debt or obtain additional financing and we could lose our vessels if our lenders foreclose their liens.
We have taken on substantial additional indebtedness to finance the acquisition of Quintana and this additional indebtedness could significantly impair our ability to operate our business.
In connection with the acquisition of Quintana, we entered into a $1.4 billion senior secured credit facility that consists of a $1.0 billion term loan and a $400.0 million revolving loan. The security for the credit facility includes, among other assets, mortgages on certain vessels previously owned by us and the vessels previously owned by Quintana and assignments of earnings with respect to certain vessels previously owned by us and the vessels previously operated by Quintana. Such increased indebtedness could limit our financial and operating flexibility, requiring us to dedicate a substantial portion of our cash flow from operations to the repayment of our debt and the interest on its debt, making it more difficult to obtain additional financing on favorable terms, limiting our ability to capitalize on significant business opportunities and making us more vulnerable to economic downturns.
Restrictive covenants in our loan agreements impose financial and other restrictions on us, including our ability to pay dividends.
Our loan agreements impose operating and financial restrictions on us and require us to comply with certain financial covenants. These restrictions and covenants limit our ability to, among other things:
| · | pay dividends during the period over which the initial covenants are modified; |
| · | maintain excess cash flow generated from our operations; |
| · | incur additional indebtedness, including through the issuance of guarantees; |
| · | change the flag, class or management of our vessels; |
| · | create liens on our assets; |
| · | sell our vessels without replacing such vessels or prepaying a portion of our loan; |
| · | merge or consolidate with, or transfer all or substantially all our assets to, another person; or |
Therefore, we may need to seek permission from our lenders in order to engage in some corporate actions. Our lenders’ interests may be different from ours and we cannot guarantee that we will be able to obtain our lenders’ consent when needed. If we do not comply with the restrictions and covenants in our loan agreements, we will not be able to pay dividends to you in the future, finance our future operations, make acquisitions or pursue business opportunities.
The derivative contracts we have entered into to hedge our exposure to fluctuations in interest rates could result in higher than market interest rates and charges against our income.
We have entered into two interest rate swaps for purposes of managing our exposure to fluctuations in interest rates applicable to indebtedness under two of our credit facilities, which were advanced at a floating rate based on LIBOR. Our hedging strategies, however, may not be effective and we may incur substantial losses if interest rates move materially differently from our expectations. Since our existing interest rate swaps do not, and future derivative contracts may not, qualify for treatment as hedges for accounting purposes, we recognize fluctuations in the fair value of such contracts in our income statement. In addition, our financial condition could be materially adversely affected to the extent we do not hedge our exposure to interest rate fluctuations under our financing arrangements. Any hedging activities we engage in may not effectively manage our interest rate exposure or have the desired impact on our financial conditions or results of operations.
Our ability to successfully implement our business plans depends on our ability to obtain additional financing, which may affect the value of your investment in the Company.
We will require substantial additional financing to fund the acquisition of additional vessels and to implement our business plans. We cannot be certain that sufficient financing will be available on terms that are acceptable to us or at all. If we cannot raise the financing we need in a timely manner and on acceptable terms, we may not be able to acquire the vessels necessary to implement our business plans and consequently you may lose some or all of your investment in the Company.
While we expect that a significant portion of the financing resources needed to acquire vessels will be through long-term debt financing, we may raise additional funds through additional equity offerings. New equity investors may dilute the percentage of the ownership interest of existing shareholders in the Company. Sales or the possibility of sales of substantial amounts of shares of our common stock in the public markets could adversely affect the market price of our common stock.
We cannot assure you that we will be able to refinance indebtedness incurred under our credit facilities.
For so long as we have outstanding indebtedness under our credit facilities, we will have to dedicate a portion of our cash flow from operations to pay the principal and interest of this indebtedness. We cannot assure you that we will be able to generate cash flow in amounts that are sufficient for these purposes. If we are not able to satisfy these obligations, we may have to undertake alternative financing plans or sell our assets. The actual or perceived credit quality of our charterers, any defaults by them, and the market value of our fleet, among other things, may materially affect our ability to obtain alternative financing. If we are not able to find alternative sources of financing on terms that are acceptable to us or at all, our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows may be materially adversely affected.
Our vessels may suffer damage and we may face unexpected drydocking costs which could affect our cash flow and financial condition
If our vessels suffer damage, they may need to be repaired at a drydocking facility. The costs of drydock repairs are unpredictable and can be substantial. We may have to pay drydocking costs that our insurance does not cover. This would decrease earnings.
Class B shareholders can exert considerable control over us, which may limit future shareholders’ ability to influence our actions.
Our Class B common shares have 1,000 votes per share and our Class A common shares have one vote per share. Class B shareholders, including certain executive officers and directors, together own 100% of our issued and outstanding Class B common shares, representing approximately 66.9% of the voting power of our outstanding capital stock as of March 31, 2009.
Because of the dual class structure of our capital stock, the holders of Class B common shares have the ability to control and will be able to control all matters submitted to our stockholders for approval even if they come to own less than 50% of our outstanding common shares. Even though we are not aware of any agreement, arrangement or understanding by the holders of our Class B common shares relating to the voting of their shares of common stock, the holders of our Class B common shares have the power to exert considerable influence over our actions.
As of March 31, 2009, Argon S. A. owned approximately 7.0% of our outstanding Class A common shares and none of our outstanding Class B common shares, representing approximately 2.3% of the total voting power of our outstanding capital stock. Argon S.A. is holding these shares pursuant to a trust in favor of Starling Trading Co, a corporation whose sole shareholder is Ms. Ismini Panayotides, the adult daughter of the Company’s Chairman. Ms. Panayotides has no power of voting or disposition of these shares, and disclaims beneficial ownership of these shares except to the extent of her securing interest.
As of March 31, 2009, Boston Industries S.A. owned approximately 0.2% of our outstanding Class A common shares and approximately 38.2% of our outstanding Class B common shares, together representing approximately 25.7% of the total voting power of our outstanding capital stock. Boston Industries S.A. is controlled by Ms. Mary Panayotides, the spouse of the Company’s Chairman. Ms. Panayotides has no power of voting or disposition of these shares and disclaims beneficial ownership of these shares.
As of March 31, 2009, Lhada Holdings Inc. owned approximately 17.9% of our outstanding Class A common shares and none of our outstanding Class B common shares, representing approximately 5.9% of the total voting power of our outstanding capital stock. Lhada Holdings Inc. is owned by a trust, the beneficiaries of which are certain members of the family of the Company’s Chairman.
As of March 31, 2009, Tanew Holdings Inc. owned approximately 17.9% of our outstanding Class A common shares and none of our outstanding Class B common shares, representing approximately 5.9% of the total voting power of our outstanding capital stock. Tanew Holdings Inc. is owned by a trust, the beneficiaries of which are certain members of the family of the Company’s Chairman.
As of March 31, 2009, our chairman, Mr. Gabriel Panayotides, owned approximately 21.1% of our outstanding Class B common shares and 1.0% of our outstanding Class A common shares while through his controlling interest in Excel Management, he also holds 1.0% of our outstanding Class A common shares, representing approximately 14.7% of the total voting power of our capital stock.
Some of our directors may have conflicts of interest, and the resolution of these conflicts of interest may not be in our or our shareholders’ best interest
Following our purchase of Quintana on April 15, 2008, we became partners in seven joint ventures that were previously entered into by Quintana, to purchase vessels. One of the ventures, named Christine Shipco LLC, is a joint venture among the Company, Robertson Maritime Investors LLC, or RMI, in which Corbin J. Robertson, III participates and AMCIC Cape Holdings LLC, or AMCIC, an affiliate of Hans J. Mende, to purchase the Christine, a newbuilding Capesize dry bulk carrier. In addition, we have entered into six additional joint ventures with AMCIC to purchase six newbuilding Capesize vessels. It is currently anticipated that each of these joint ventures will enter into a management agreement with us for the provision of construction supervision prior to delivery of the relevant vessel and technical management of the relevant vessel subsequent to delivery.
Corbin J. Robertson, III is a member of our Board of Directors, or our Board. Mr. Mende is a member of our Board and serves on the board of directors of Christine Shipco LLC, Hope Shipco LLC, Lillie Shipco LLC, Fritz Shipco LLC, Iron Lena Shipco LLC, Gayle Frances Shipco LLC, and Benthe Shipco LLC.
The presence of Mr. Mende on the board of directors of each of the other six joint ventures may create conflicts of interest because Mr. Mende has responsibilities to these joint ventures. His duties as director of the joint ventures may conflict with his duties as our director regarding business dealings between the joint ventures and us. In addition, Mr. Robertson III and Mr. Mende each have a direct or indirect economic interest in Christine Shipco LLC, and Mr. Mende has direct or indirect economic interests in each of the other six joint ventures. The economic interests of Mr. Robertson and Mr. Mende in the joint ventures may conflict with their duties as our directors regarding business dealings between the joint ventures and us.
As a result of these joint venture transactions, conflicts of interest may arise between the joint ventures and us.
We may be unable to fulfill our obligations under our agreements to complete the construction of seven newbuilding vessels under our joint venture agreements.
We currently have contracts (construction contracts and/or Memoranda of Agreement) to obtain seven newbuilding vessels under our joint venture agreements, including the four Capesize vessels of the joint ventures for which no refund guarantee has been provided by the shipyard, for an aggregate purchase price of $542.1 million. We have guaranteed the performance of two of these joint ventures obligations under contracts for newbuilding vessels with purchase prices of $80.6 million and $80.1 million, respectively, and agreed to make capital contributions to certain of the joint ventures in connection with re-financing pre-delivery borrowings or repay part of the balance of borrowings made by certain of the joint ventures. Our ability to obtain financing in the current economic environment, particularly for the acquisition of dry bulk vessels, which are experiencing low charter rates and depressed vessel values, is limited, and unless there is an improvement in our cash flow from operations and we are successful in obtaining debt financing, we may not be able to complete these transactions and we would lose the advances already paid, which amount to approximately $61.5 million as of December 31, 2008, and we may incur additional liability and costs.
If we do not adequately manage the construction of the newbuilding vessels, the vessels may not be delivered on time or in compliance with their specifications.
Following our purchase of Quintana on April 15, 2008, we are parties to seven contracts to purchase seven newbuilding vessels through seven joint ventures in which we participate. We are obliged to supervise the construction of these vessels. If we are denied supervisory access to the construction of these vessels by the relevant shipyard or otherwise fail to adequately manage the shipbuilding process, the delivery of the vessels may be delayed or the vessels may not comply with their specifications, which could compromise their performance. Both delays in delivery and failure to meet specifications could result in lower revenues from the operations of the vessels, which could reduce our earnings.
If our joint venture partners do not honor their commitments under the joint venture agreements, the joint ventures may not take delivery of the newbuilding vessels.
We rely on our joint venture partners to honor their financial commitments under the joint venture agreements, including the payment of their portions of installments due under the shipbuilding contracts or memoranda of agreement. If our partners do not make these payments, we may be in default under these contracts.
Delays in deliveries of or failure to deliver newbuildings under construction could materially and adversely harm our operating results and could lead to the termination of related time charter agreements.
Upon completion of our acquisition of Quintana on April 15, 2008, we became parties to seven contracts to purchase seven newbuilding vessels through seven joint ventures in which we participate. Four of these vessels, all of which are owned by the joint ventures, are under construction at Korea Shipyard Co., Ltd., a shipyard currently under construction that has never built vessels before and for which there is no historical track record. The relevant joint ventures have not yet received refund guarantees with respect to these vessels, which may imply that the shipyard will not be able to timely deliver the vessels. The delivery of any one or more of these vessels could be delayed or may not occur, which would delay our receipt of revenues under the time charters for these vessels or otherwise deprive us of the use of the vessel, and thereby adversely affect our results of operations and financial condition. In addition, under some time charters, we may be required to deliver a vessel to the charterer even if the relevant newbuilding has not been delivered to us. If the delivery of the newbuildings is delayed or does not occur, we may be required to enter into a bareboat charter at a rate in excess of the charterhire payable to us. If we are unable to deliver the newbuilding or a vessel that we have chartered at our cost, the customer may terminate the time charter which could adversely affect our results of operations and financial condition.
The delivery of the newbuildings could be delayed or may not occur because of:
| · | work stoppages or other labor disturbances or other event that disrupts the operations of the shipbuilder; |
| · | quality or engineering problems; |
| · | changes in governmental regulations or maritime self-regulatory organization standards; |
| · | lack of raw materials and finished components; |
| · | failure of the builder to finalize arrangements with sub-contractors; |
| · | failure to provide adequate refund guarantees; |
| · | bankruptcy or other financial crisis of the shipbuilder; |
| · | a backlog of orders at the shipbuilder; |
| · | hostilities, political or economic disturbances in the country where the vessels are being built; |
| · | weather interference or catastrophic event, such as a major earthquake or fire; |
| · | our requests for changes to the original vessel specifications; |
| · | shortages of or delays in the receipt of necessary construction materials, such as steel; |
| · | our inability to obtain requisite permits or approvals; or |
| · | a dispute with the shipbuilder. |
In addition, the shipbuilding contracts for the new vessels contain a “force majeure” provision whereby the occurrence of certain events could delay delivery or possibly terminate the contract. If delivery of a vessel is materially delayed or if a shipbuilding contract is terminated, it could adversely affect our results of operations and financial condition and our ability to pay dividends to our shareholders in the future.
We face strong competition.
We obtain charters for our vessels in highly competitive markets in which our market share is insufficient to enforce any degree of pricing discipline. Although we believe that no single competitor has a dominant position in the markets in which we compete, we are aware that certain competitors may be able to devote greater financial and other resources to their activities than we can, resulting in a significant competitive threat to us.
We cannot give assurances that we will continue to compete successfully with our competitors or that these factors will not erode our competitive position in the future.
Risk of loss and lack of adequate insurance may affect our results.
Adverse weather conditions, mechanical failures, human error, war, terrorism, piracy and other circumstances and events create an inherent risk of catastrophic marine disasters and property loss in the operation of any ocean-going vessel. In addition, business interruptions may occur due to political circumstances in foreign countries, hostilities, labor strikes, and boycotts. Any such event may result in loss of revenues or increased costs.
Our business is affected by a number of risks, including mechanical failure of our vessels, collisions, property loss to the vessels, cargo loss or damage and business interruption due to political circumstances in foreign countries, hostilities and labor strikes.
In addition, the operation of any ocean-going vessel is subject to the inherent possibility of catastrophic marine disaster, including oil spills and other environmental mishaps, and the liabilities arising from owning and operating vessels in international trade. The United States Oil Pollution Act of 1990, or OPA, by imposing potentially unlimited liability upon owners, operators and bareboat charterers for certain oil pollution accidents in the U.S., has made liability insurance more expensive for ship owners and operators and has also caused insurers to consider reducing available liability coverage.
We carry insurance to protect against most of the accident-related risks involved in the conduct of our business and we maintain environmental damage and pollution insurance coverage. We do not carry insurance covering the loss of revenue resulting from vessel off-hire time. We believe that our insurance coverage is adequate to protect us against most accident-related risks involved in the conduct of our business and that we maintain appropriate levels of environmental damage and pollution insurance coverage. Currently, the available amount of coverage for pollution is $1.0 billion for dry bulk carriers per vessel per incident. However, there can be no assurance that all risks are adequately insured against, that any particular claim will be paid or that we will be able to procure adequate insurance coverage at commercially reasonable rates in the future. More stringent environmental regulations in the past have resulted in increased costs for insurance against the risk of environmental damage or pollution. In the future, we may be unable to procure adequate insurance coverage to protect us against environmental damage or pollution.
We are a holding company, and we depend on the ability of our subsidiaries to distribute funds to us in order to satisfy our financial obligations.
We are a holding company and our subsidiaries conduct all of our operations and own all of our operating assets. We have no significant assets other than the equity interests in our subsidiaries. As a result, our ability to satisfy our financial obligations depends on our subsidiaries and their ability to distribute funds to us. The ability of a subsidiary to make these distributions could be affected by a claim or other action by a third party, including a creditor, or by the law of the jurisdiction of their incorporation, which regulates the payment of dividends by companies.
Risks associated with the purchase and operation of second hand vessels may affect our results of operations.
The majority of our vessels were acquired second-hand, and we estimate their useful lives to be 28 years from their date of delivery from the yard, depending on various market factors and management’s ability to comply with government and industry regulatory requirements. Part of our business strategy includes the continued acquisition of second hand vessels when we find attractive opportunities.
In general, expenditures necessary for maintaining a vessel in good operating condition increase as a vessel ages. Second hand vessels may also develop unexpected mechanical and operational problems despite adherence to regular survey schedules and proper maintenance. Cargo insurance rates also tend to increase with a vessel’s age, and older vessels tend to be less fuel-efficient than newer vessels. While the difference in fuel consumption is factored into the freight rates that our older vessels earn, if the cost of bunker fuels were to increase significantly, it could disproportionately affect our vessels and significantly lower our profits. In addition, changes in governmental regulations, safety or other equipment standards may require
| · | expenditures for alterations to existing equipment; |
| · | the addition of new equipment; or |
| · | restrictions on the type of cargo a vessel may transport. |
We cannot give assurances that future market conditions will justify such expenditures or enable us to operate our vessels profitably during the remainder of their economic lives.
The aging of our fleet may result in increased operating costs in the future, which could adversely affect our earnings.
In general, the cost of maintaining a vessel in good operating condition increases with the age of the vessel. Our current operating fleet, including the vessels acquired upon our acquisition of Quintana on April 15, 2008, has an average age of approximately 9.1 years.
As our fleet ages, we will incur increased costs. Older vessels are typically less fuel efficient and more costly to maintain than more recently constructed vessels due to improvements in engine technology. Cargo insurance rates also increase with the age of a vessel, making older vessels less desirable to charterers. Governmental regulations, including environmental regulations, safety or other equipment standards related to the age of vessels may require expenditures for alterations or the addition of new equipment, to our vessels and may restrict the type of activities in which our vessels may engage. We cannot assure you that, as our vessels age, market conditions will justify those expenditures or enable us to operate our vessels profitably during the remainder of their useful lives.
If we acquire additional dry bulk carriers and those vessels are not delivered on time or are delivered with significant defects, our earnings and financial condition could suffer.
We expect to acquire additional vessels in the future. A delay in the delivery of any of these vessels to us or the failure of the contract counterparty to deliver a vessel at all could cause us to breach our obligations under a related time charter and could adversely affect our earnings, our financial condition and the amount of dividends, if any, that we pay in the future. The delivery of these vessels could be delayed or certain events may arise which could result in us not taking delivery of a vessel, such as a total loss of a vessel, a constructive loss of a vessel, or substantial damage to a vessel prior to delivery. In addition, the delivery of any of these vessels with substantial defects could have similar consequences.
As we expand our business, we may need to improve our operating and financial systems and expand our commercial and technical management staff, and will need to recruit suitable employees and crew for our vessels.
Our fleet has experienced rapid growth. If we continue to expand our fleet, we will need to recruit suitable additional administrative and management personnel. Although we believe that our current staffing levels are adequate, we cannot guarantee that we will be able to continue to hire suitable employees as we expand our fleet. If we encounter business or financial difficulties, we may not be able to adequately staff our vessels. If we are unable to grow our financial and operating systems or to recruit suitable employees as we expand our fleet, our business and financial condition may be adversely affected.
Because most of our employees are covered by industry-wide collective bargaining agreements, failure of industry groups to renew those agreements may disrupt our operations and adversely affect our earnings.
We currently employ approximately 1,034 seafarers on-board our vessels and 124 land-based employees in our Athens office. The 124 employees in Athens are covered by industry-wide collective bargaining agreements that set basic standards. We cannot assure you that these agreements will prevent labor interruptions. Any labor interruptions could disrupt our operations and harm our financial performance.
We may not be exempt from Liberian taxation which would materially reduce our net income and cash flow by the amount of the applicable tax.
The Republic of Liberia enacted a new income tax law generally effective as of January 1, 2001, or the New Act, which repealed, in its entirety, the prior income tax law, or the Prior Law, in effect since 1977 pursuant to which we and our Liberian subsidiaries, as non-resident domestic corporations, were wholly exempt from Liberian tax.
In 2004, the Liberian Ministry of Finance issued regulations pursuant to which a non-resident domestic corporation engaged in international shipping such as ourselves will not be subject to tax under the New Act retroactive to January 1, 2001, or the New Regulations. In addition, the Liberian Ministry of Justice issued an opinion that the New Regulations were a valid exercise of the regulatory authority of the Ministry of Finance. Therefore, assuming that the New Regulations are valid, we and our Liberian subsidiaries will be wholly exempt from tax as under the Prior Law. If we were subject to Liberian income tax under the New Act, we and our Liberian subsidiaries would be subject to tax at a rate of 35% on our worldwide income. As a result, our net income and cash flow would be materially reduced by the amount of the applicable tax. In addition, our stockholders would be subject to Liberian withholding tax on dividends at rates ranging from 15% to 20%.
U.S. tax authorities could treat us as a “passive foreign investment company,” which could have adverse U.S. federal income tax consequences to U.S. holders
A foreign corporation will be treated as a “passive foreign investment company,” or PFIC, for U.S. federal income tax purposes if either (1) at least 75% of its gross income for any taxable year consists of certain types of “passive income” or (2) at least 50% of the average value of the corporation's assets produce or are held for the production of those types of “passive income.” For purposes of these tests, “passive income” includes dividends, interest, and gains from the sale or exchange of investment property and rents and royalties other than rents and royalties which are received from unrelated parties in connection with the active conduct of a trade or business. For purposes of these tests, income derived from the performance of services does not constitute “passive income.” U.S. shareholders of a PFIC are subject to a disadvantageous U.S. federal income tax regime with respect to the income derived by the PFIC, the distributions they receive from the PFIC and the gain, if any, they derive from the sale or other disposition of their shares in the PFIC.
Based on our past, current and proposed method of operation, we do not believe that we have been, are or will be a PFIC with respect to any taxable year. In this regard, we intend to treat the gross income we derive or are deemed to derive from our time chartering activities as services income, rather than rental income. Accordingly, we believe that our income from our time chartering activities does not constitute “passive income,” and the assets that we own and operate in connection with the production of that income do not constitute passive assets.
There is, however, no direct legal authority under the PFIC rules addressing our method of operation. We believe there is substantial legal authority supporting our position consisting of case law and United States Internal Revenue Service, or IRS, pronouncements concerning the characterization of income derived from time charters and voyage charters as services income for other tax purposes. However, we note that there is also authority which characterizes time charter income as rental income rather than services income for other tax purposes. Accordingly, no assurance can be given that the IRS or a court of law will accept our position, and there is a risk that the IRS or a court of law could determine that we are a PFIC. Moreover, no assurance can be given that we would not constitute a PFIC for any future taxable year if there were to be changes in the nature and extent of our operations.
If the IRS were to find that we are or have been a PFIC for any taxable year, our U.S. shareholders will face adverse U.S. tax consequences. Under the PFIC rules, unless those shareholders make an election available under the Code (which election could itself have adverse consequences for such shareholders, as discussed below under “Taxation”), such shareholders would be liable to pay U.S. federal income tax at the then prevailing income tax rates on ordinary income plus interest upon excess distributions and upon any gain from the disposition of our common shares, as if the excess distribution or gain had been recognized ratably over the shareholders’ holding period of our common shares. See “Taxation” for a more comprehensive discussion of the U.S. federal income tax consequences to U.S. shareholders if we are treated as a PFIC.
We may have to pay tax on United States source income, which would reduce our earnings
Under the United States Internal Revenue Code of 1986, or the Code, 50% of the gross shipping income of a vessel owning or chartering corporation, such as ourselves and our subsidiaries, that is attributable to transportation that begins or ends, but that does not both begin and end, in the United States may be subject to a 4% United States federal income tax without allowance for deduction, unless that corporation qualifies for exemption from tax under section 883 of the Code and the applicable Treasury Regulations recently promulgated thereunder.
We do not believe that we are currently entitled to exemption under Section 883 for any taxable year. Therefore, we are subject to an effective 2% United States federal income tax on the gross shipping income that we derive during the year that is attributable to the transport or cargoes to or from the United States.
Because we are a foreign corporation, you may not have the same rights that a shareholder in a U.S. corporation may have.
We are a Liberian corporation. Our articles of incorporation and bylaws and the Business Corporation Act of Liberia 1976 govern our affairs. While the Liberian Business Corporation Act resembles provisions of the corporation laws of a number of states in the United States, Liberian law does not as clearly establish your rights and the fiduciary responsibilities of our directors as do statutes and judicial precedent in some U.S. jurisdictions. However, while the Liberian courts generally follow U.S. court precedent, there have been few judicial cases in Liberia interpreting the Liberian Business Corporation Act. Investors may have more difficulty in protecting their interests in the face of actions by the management, directors or controlling shareholders than would shareholders of a corporation incorporated in a U.S. jurisdiction which has developed a substantial body of case law.
We may be unable to retain key management personnel and other employees in the shipping industry, which may negatively impact the effectiveness of our management and results of operations.
Our success depends to a significant extent upon the abilities and efforts of our management team. Our ability to retain key members of our management team and to hire new members as may be necessary will contribute to that success. The loss of any of these individuals could adversely affect our business prospects and financial condition. Difficulty in hiring and retaining replacement personnel could have a similar effect. We do not maintain “key man” life insurance on any of our officers.
Because we generate all of our revenues in U.S. dollars but incur a significant portion of our expenses in other currencies, exchange rate fluctuations could hurt our results of operations.
We generate all of our revenues in U.S. dollars but incur approximately 22% of our vessel operating expenses in currencies other than U.S. dollars. This variation in operating revenues and expenses could lead to fluctuations in net income due to changes in the value of the U.S. dollar relative to the other currencies, in particular the Japanese yen, the Euro, the Singapore dollar and the British pound sterling. Expenses incurred in foreign currencies against which the U.S. dollar falls in value may increase as a result of these fluctuations, therefore decreasing our net income. We do not currently hedge these risks. Our results of operations could suffer as a result.
Our substantial operations outside the United States expose us to political, governmental and economic instability, which could harm our operations.
Because our operations are primarily conducted outside of the United States, they may be affected by economic, political and governmental conditions in the countries where we are engaged in business or where our vessels are registered. Future hostilities or political instability in regions where we operate or may operate could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and ability to pay dividends. In addition, tariffs, trade embargoes and other economic sanctions by the United States or other countries against countries where our vessels trade may limit trading activities with those countries, which could also harm our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Unless we set aside reserves for vessel replacement, at the end of a vessel’s useful life our revenue will decline.
Unless we maintain cash reserves for vessel replacement, we may be unable to replace the vessels in our fleet upon the expiration of their useful lives. Our cash flows and income are dependent on the revenues earned by the chartering of our vessels to customers. If we are unable to replace the vessels in our fleet upon the expiration of their useful lives, our business, results of operations, financial condition and ability to pay dividends will be adversely affected. Any reserves set aside for vessel replacement would not be available for other cash needs or dividends. In periods where we make acquisitions, our Board of Directors may limit the amount or percentage of our cash from operations available to pay dividends.
Risks Relating to our Class A Common Shares
The price of our Class A common stock may be volatile.
The price of our Class A common stock prior to and after an offering may be volatile, and may fluctuate due to factors such as:
| · | actual or anticipated fluctuations in quarterly and annual results; |
| · | mergers and strategic alliances in the shipping industry; |
| · | market conditions in the industry; |
| · | changes in government regulation; |
| · | fluctuations in our quarterly revenues and earnings and those of our publicly held competitors; |
| · | shortfalls in our operating results from levels forecast by securities analysts; |
| · | announcements concerning us or our competitors; and |
| · | the general state of the securities market. |
The market price of our Class A common stock has fluctuated widely and the market price of our Class A common stock may fluctuate in the future.
The market price of our Class A common stock has fluctuated widely since our Class A common stock began trading on the NYSE in September 2005 and may continue to do so as a result of many factors, including our actual results of operations and perceived prospects, the prospects of our competition and of the shipping industry in general and in particular the drybulk sector, differences between our actual financial and operating results and those expected by investors and analysts, changes in analysts’ recommendations or projections, changes in general valuations for companies in the shipping industry, particularly the drybulk sector, changes in general economic or market conditions and broad market fluctuations.
Future sales of our Class A common stock may depress our stock price.
The market price of our Class A common stock could decline as a result of sales of substantial amounts of our Class A common stock in the public market or the perception that these sales could occur. In addition, these factors could make it more difficult for us to raise funds through future equity offerings.
Additionally, as a result of the acquisition of Quintana, we issued restricted shares of our Class A common stock to certain persons who previously were officers and directors of Quintana. On June 16, 2008, we filed a shelf registration statement to enable such shareholders to sell these shares to the public. The sales of these shares under such registration statement could also adversely affect the market price of our Class A common stock.
Issuance of preferred stock may adversely affect the voting power of our shareholders and have the effect of discouraging, delaying or preventing a merger or acquisition, which could adversely affect the market price of our common stock.
Our articles of incorporation currently authorize our Board to issue preferred shares in one or more series and to determine the rights, preferences, privileges and restrictions, with respect to, among other things, dividends, conversion, voting, redemption, liquidation and the number of shares constituting any series subject to prior shareholders’ approval. If our Board determines to issue preferred shares, such issuance may discourage, delay or prevent a merger or acquisition that shareholders may consider favorable. The issuance of preferred shares with voting and conversion rights may also adversely affect the voting power of the holders of common shares. This could substantially impede the ability of public shareholders to benefit from a change in control and, as a result, may adversely affect the market price of our common stock and your ability to realize any potential change of control premium.
It may be difficult to enforce a U.S. judgment against us, our officers and directors in The Republic of Liberia or the United States, or to assert U.S. securities laws claims in The Republic of Liberia or serve process on our officers and directors.
A significant number of our executive officers and directors are not residents of the United States, and substantially all of our assets and the assets of these persons are located outside the United States. Therefore, it may be difficult for an investor, or any other person or entity, to enforce a U.S. court judgment based upon the civil liability provisions of the U.S. federal securities laws against us or any of these persons in a U.S. or Liberian court, or to effect service of process upon these persons in the United States. Additionally, it may be difficult for an investor, or any other person or entity, to assert U.S. securities law claims in original actions instituted in the Republic of Liberia.
Matters discussed in this document may constitute forward-looking statements. The Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 provides safe harbor protections for forward-looking statements in order to encourage companies to provide prospective information about their business. Forward-looking statements include statements concerning plans, objectives, goals, strategies, future events or performance, and underlying assumptions and other statements, which are other than statements of historical facts.
We desire to take advantage of the safe harbor provisions of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 and are including this cautionary statement in connection with this safe harbor legislation. This document and any other written or oral statements made by us or on our behalf may include forward-looking statements which reflect our current views with respect to future events and financial performance. The words “believe”, “anticipate”, “intend”, “estimate”, “forecast”, “project”, “plan”, “potential”, “will”, “may”, “should”, “expect” and similar expressions identify forward-looking statements.
The forward-looking statements in this document are based upon various assumptions, many of which are based, in turn, upon further assumptions, including without limitation, management’s examination of historical operating trends, data contained in our records and other data available from third parties. Although we believe that these assumptions were reasonable when made, because these assumptions are inherently subject to significant uncertainties and contingencies which are difficult or impossible to predict and are beyond our control, we cannot assure you that we will achieve or accomplish these expectations, beliefs or projections.
In addition to these important factors and matters discussed elsewhere in this prospectus, and in the documents incorporated by reference in this prospectus, important factors that, in our view, could cause actual results to differ materially from those discussed in the forward-looking statements include the strength of world economies and currencies, general market conditions, including fluctuations in charterhire rates and vessel values, changes in demand in the dry bulk vessel market, changes in the company’s operating expenses, including bunker prices, drydocking and insurance costs, changes in governmental rules and regulations or actions taken by regulatory authorities including those that may limit the commercial useful lives of dry bulk vessels, potential liability from pending or future litigation, general domestic and international political conditions, potential disruption of shipping routes due to accidents or political events, and other important factors described from time to time in the reports we file with the Commission and the NYSE. We caution readers of this prospectus and any prospectus supplement not to place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements, which speak only as of their dates. We undertake no obligation to update or revise any forward-looking statements.
PER SHARE MARKET PRICE INFORMATION
Our Class A common stock has traded on the NYSE under the symbol “EXM” since September 15, 2005. Prior to that date, our Class A common stock was trading on AMEX under the same symbol.
The table below sets forth the high and low closing prices for each of the calendar months indicated for Excel Class A common shares.
The high and low closing prices for the Class A common shares, by year, from 2004 to 2008 were as follows:
For The Year Ended | NYSE Low (US$) | NYSE High (US$) |
December 31, 2004 | 4.03 | 59.25 |
December 31, 2005 | 11.30 | 28.47 |
December 31, 2006 | 7.66 | 14.61 |
December 31, 2007 | 14.71 | 81.38 |
December 31, 2008 | 3.61 | 57.72 |
The high and low closing prices for the Class A common shares, by quarter, in 2007, 2008 and for the first two quarters of 2009 were as follows:
For The Quarter Ended | NYSE Low (US$) | NYSE High (US$) |
March 31, 2007 | 14.71 | 20.17 |
June 30, 2007 | 17.36 | 27.01 |
September 30, 2007 | 25.86 | 58.21 |
December 31, 2007 | 37.68 | 81.38 |
March 31, 2008 | 24.76 | 39.86 |
June 30, 2008 | 28.05 | 57.72 |
September 30, 2008 | 13.40 | 41.70 |
December 31, 2008 | 3.61 | 14.75 |
March 31, 2009 | 3.17 | 9.03 |
June 30, 2009 | 4.74 | 11.23 |
The high and low closing prices for the Class A common shares for each of the six most recently ended months prior to July 6, 2009 were as follows:
For The Month Ended | NYSE Low (US$) | NYSE High (US$) |
January 2009 | | |
February 2009 | 3.53 | |
March 2009 | | |
April 2009 | 4.74 | |
May 2009 | 8.00 | 10.70 |
June 2009 | 6.47 | 11.23 |
July 2009 to July 6, 2009 | 6.33 | 6.62 |
On December 31, 2008, the closing price of shares of our Class A common stock as quoted on the NYSE was $7.04. At that date, there were 46,080,272 Class A and 145,746 Class B shares of common stock issued and outstanding. On March 31, 2009, we issued 25,714,286 of our Class A common stock to two entities affiliated with our Chairman of the Board of Directors family and received $45.0 million which were applied against the balloon payment of the Nordea credit facility due 2016. As of March 31, 2008, there were 71,789,899 Class A and 145,746 Class B shares of common stock issued and outstanding.
DIVIDEND POLICY
On February 17, 2009, the Company announced that its Board of Directors had decided to suspend the Company’s dividends, including the dividend in respect to the fourth quarter of 2008. The payment and the amount of dividends in the future, if at all, will be regularly assessed subject to the discretion of the Board of Directors and will depend on, among other things, leverage, liquidity and capital resources, overall market conditions, available cash balances, anticipated cash needs, our results of operations, our financial condition, and any loan agreement restrictions binding the Company or its subsidiaries, as well as other relevant factors. Furthermore, because the Company is a holding company with no material assets other than the stock of its subsidiaries, its ability to pay dividends in the future will depend on the earnings and cash flows of its subsidiaries and their ability to pay dividends to the Company.
USE OF PROCEEDS
We will not receive any proceeds from the sale by the selling shareholders of any shares of our Class A common stock covered by this prospectus.
CAPITALIZATION
The following table sets forth our consolidated capitalization at March 31, 2009:
· | on an adjusted basis to give effect to: |
| - | the payments on April 1, 2009, June 11, 2009 and July 1, 2009 of scheduled loan principal installments totaling $51.1 million and the payment against the balloon payment of $45.0 million as part of the loan amendments concluded in March 2009; |
| - | the cancellation on April 6, 2009 of stock based awards amounting to 300,000 shares of our Class A common stock forfeited on February 23, 2009 following the resignation of our former Chief Executive Officer and the cancellation of an additional 2,765 Class A common shares of stock based awards following the resignation of another employee; |
| - | the issuance of 180,000 shares of our Class A common stock on June 22, 2009 in relation to stock based awards granted to certain of the Company's executive officers on March 11, 2009; and |
| - | the drawdown of $5.1 million under Christine ShipCo LLC financing arrangements on June 1, 2009 and the non controlling interest partners’ contribution of $2.2 million applied to the payment of the vessel’s installment due in accordance with the shipbuilding contract. |
There have been no significant changes to our capitalization since March 31, 2009, as so adjusted.
| | As of March 31, 2009 | |
| | | | | | |
| | | | | | |
| | Actual | | | Adjusted for Subsequent Events | |
| | (dollars in thousands, except share amounts) | |
Debt: | | | | | | |
Current portion of long-term debt (secured and guaranteed) | | $ | 178,157 | | | $ | 87,173 | |
Total long-term debt, net of current portion (secured and guaranteed) | | | 1,143,145 | | | | 1,143,145 | |
1.875% convertible senior notes due 2027 (unsecured) | | | 106,798 | | | | 106,798 | |
Total debt(1) | | $ | 1,428,100 | | | $ | 1,337,116 | |
Stockholders’ equity: | | | | | | | | |
Preferred stock, $0.1 par value: 5,000,000 shares authorized, none issued | | $ | - | | | $ | - | |
Common stock $0.01 par value; 100,000,000 Class A shares and 1,000,000 Class B shares authorized; 71,789,899 Class A shares and 145,746 Class B shares, issued and outstanding, actual; 71,667,134 Class A shares and 145,746 Class B shares, issued and outstanding, as adjusted(2) | | | 718 | | | | 717 | |
Additional paid-in capital | | | 991,361 | | | | 991,361 | |
Accumulated other comprehensive loss | | | (74 | ) | | | (74 | ) |
Retained earnings | | | 212,055 | | | | 212,055 | |
Less: Treasury stock (115,529 Class A shares and 588 Class B shares) | | | (189 | ) | | | (189 | ) |
Excel Stockholders’ equity | | $ | 1,203,871 | | | $ | 1,203,870 | |
Non-controlling interests | | | 15,308 | | | | 17,480 | |
Total Stockholders’ equity | | | 1,219,179 | | | | 1,221,350 | |
Total capitalization | | $ | 2,647,279 | | | $ | 2,558,466 | |
(1) Total Debt does not include the fair value of the derivative liabilities.
(2) Outstanding common stock does not reflect shares of common stock issuable upon exercise of the warrants to purchase 5,500,000 shares of Class A common stock at a price of $3.50 per share issued as part of the recent $45.0 million equity infusion from entities affiliated with the family of our Chairman of the Board of Directors and upon conversion of the convertible notes offered hereby.
ENFORCEMENT OF CIVIL LIABILITIES
We are a Liberian corporation, and our executive offices and administrative activities and assets, as well as those of certain of the experts named in this prospectus, are located outside the United States. As a result, it may be difficult for investors to effect service of process within the United States upon us or those persons or to enforce both in the United States and outside the United States judgments against us or those persons obtained in United States courts in any action, including actions predicated upon the civil liability provisions of the federal securities laws of the United States. In addition, our directors and officers are residents of jurisdictions other than the United States, and all or a substantial portion of the assets of those persons are or may be located outside the United States. As a result, it may be difficult for investors to effect service of process within the United States on those persons or to enforce against them judgments obtained in United States courts, including judgments predicated upon the civil liability provisions of the federal securities laws of the United States. We have been advised by our legal counsel, Seward & Kissel LLP, that there is uncertainty as to whether the courts of Liberia would (i) enforce judgments of United States courts obtained against us or such persons predicated upon the civil liability provisions of the federal securities laws of the United States or (ii) entertain original actions brought in Liberian courts against us or such persons predicated upon the federal securities laws of the United States.
TAXATION
The following discussion summarizes the material U.S. federal income tax and Liberian tax consequences to U.S. Holders and Non-U.S. Holders (both as defined below) of the purchase, ownership and disposition of our Class A common stock. This summary does not purport to deal with all aspects of U.S. federal income taxation or Liberian taxation that may be relevant to an investor’s decision to purchase Class A common stock, nor any tax consequences arising under the laws of any state, locality or other foreign jurisdiction. This summary is not intended to be applicable to all categories of investors, such as dealers in securities, banks, thrifts or other financial institutions, insurance companies, regulated investment companies, tax-exempt organizations, U.S. expatriates, persons that hold Class A common stock as part of a straddle, persons who own 10% or more of our outstanding stock, persons deemed to sell the Class A common stock under the constructive sale provisions of the U.S. Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, or the Code, U.S. Holders (as defined below) whose “functional currency” is other than the U.S. dollar, partnerships or other pass-through entities, or persons who acquire or are deemed to have acquired the Class A common stock in an exchange or for property other than cash, or holders subject to the alternative minimum tax, each of which may be subject to special rules. In addition, this discussion is limited to persons who hold the Class A common stock as “capital assets” (generally, property held for investment) within the meaning of Code Section 1221.
U.S. Federal Income Tax Considerations
In the opinion of Seward & Kissel LLP, our U.S. counsel, the following are the material U.S. federal income tax consequences to us of our activities and to U.S. Holders and Non-U.S. Holders (both as defined below) of our Class A common stock. The following discussion of U.S. federal income tax matters is based on the Code, judicial decisions, administrative pronouncements, and existing and proposed regulations issued by the U.S. Department of the Treasury, all of which are subject to change, possibly with retroactive effect. Except as otherwise noted, this discussion is based on the assumption that we will not maintain an office or other fixed place of business within the United States. References in the following discussion to “we” and “us” are to Excel Maritime Carriers Ltd. and its subsidiaries on a consolidated basis.
U.S. Federal Income Taxation of U.S. Holders
As used in this section, a “U.S. Holder” is a beneficial owner of Class A common stock that is: (1) an individual citizen or resident alien of the United States, (2) a corporation or other entity that is taxable as a corporation, created or organized under the laws of the United States or any state thereof or the District of Columbia, (3) an estate, the income of which is subject to U.S. federal income taxation regardless of its source, and (4) a trust, if a U.S. court can exercise primary supervision over the administration of such trust and one or more U.S. persons has the authority to control all substantial decisions of the trust.
If a partnership or other entity treated as a partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes holds the Class A common stock, the U.S. federal income tax treatment of a partner will generally depend upon the status of the partner and upon the activities of the partnership. Partners of partnerships holding the Class A common stock are encouraged to consult their own tax advisors.
Taxation of Distributions on Class A Common Stock
Subject to the discussion below under “Passive Foreign Investment Company Status and Significant Tax Consequences,” distributions, if any, paid on our Class A common stock generally will be includable in a U.S. Holder’s income as dividend income to the extent made from our current or accumulated earnings and profits, as determined under U.S. federal income tax principles. Distributions in excess of our earnings and profits will be treated first as a nontaxable return of capital to the extent of the U.S. Holder’s tax basis in his common stock on a dollar for dollar basis and thereafter as capital gain. Such distributions will not be eligible for the dividends-received deduction, but may qualify for taxation at preferential rates (for taxable years beginning on or before December 31, 2010) in the case of a U.S. Holder which is an individual, trust or estate, provided that the Class A common stock is traded on an established securities market in the United States (such as the New York Stock Exchange on which our Class A common stock is currently traded) and such holder meets certain holding period and other requirements, and provided further that we do not constitute a passive foreign investment company, as described below. Legislation has been previously introduced in the U.S. Congress which, if enacted in its present form, would preclude our dividends from qualifying for such preferential rates prospectively from the date of the enactment. Dividends paid on our Class A common stock will be income from sources outside the United States and will generally constitute “passive category income” or, in the case of certain U.S. Holders, “general category income” for U.S. foreign tax credit limitation purposes.
Sale, Exchange or Other Disposition of Class A Common Stock
Subject to the discussion below under “Passive Foreign Investment Company Status and Significant Tax Consequences,” upon the sale, exchange or other disposition of Class A common stock, a U.S. Holder generally will recognize capital gain or capital loss equal to the difference between the amount realized on such sale or exchange and such holder’s adjusted tax basis in such Class A common stock. U.S. Holders are encouraged to consult their tax advisors regarding the treatment of capital gains (which may be taxed at lower rates than ordinary income for U.S. Holders who are individuals, trusts or estates) and losses (the deductibility of which is subject to limitations). A U.S. Holder's gain or loss will generally be treated (subject to certain exceptions) as gain or loss from sources within the United States for U.S. foreign tax credit limitation purposes.
Passive Foreign Investment Company Status and Significant Tax Consequences
Special U.S. federal income tax rules apply to a U.S. Holder that holds stock in a foreign corporation classified as a passive foreign investment company for U.S. federal income tax purposes. In general, we will be treated as a passive foreign investment company with respect to a U.S. Holder of our Class A common stock if, for any taxable year in which such holder held our Class A common stock, either:
| | at least 75% of our gross income for such taxable year consists of passive income (e.g., dividends, interest, capital gains and rents derived other than in the active conduct of a rental business), or |
| | at least 50% of the average value of the assets held by the corporation during such taxable year produce, or are held for the production of, passive income. |
Based on our current operations and future projections, we do not believe that we are, nor do we expect to become, a passive foreign investment company with respect to any taxable year. Although there is no legal authority directly on point, our belief is based principally on the position that, for purposes of determining whether we are a passive foreign investment company, the gross income we derive or are deemed to derive from the time chartering and voyage chartering activities of our wholly-owned subsidiaries should constitute active income from the performance of services rather than passive, rental income. Correspondingly, such income should not constitute passive income, and the assets that we or our wholly-owned subsidiaries own and operate in connection with the production of such income, in particular, the vessels, should not constitute passive assets for purposes of determining whether we were a passive foreign investment company. We believe there is substantial legal authority supporting our position consisting of case law and IRS pronouncements concerning the characterization of income derived from time charters and voyage charters as services income for other tax purposes. However, there is also authority which characterizes time charter income as rental income rather than services income for other tax purposes. In the absence of any legal authority specifically relating to the statutory provisions governing passive foreign investment companies, the Internal Revenue Service or a court could disagree with this position. In addition, although we intend to conduct our affairs in a manner to avoid being classified as a passive foreign investment company with respect to any taxable year, we cannot assure you that the nature of our operations will not change in the future.
If we were to be treated as a passive foreign investment company for any taxable year, a U.S. Holder of our Class A common stock would be subject to a disadvantageous tax regime. Among other things, upon certain distributions by us or the disposition of the Class A common stock, a U.S. Holder would be required to treat such income as ordinary income and pay an interest charge on the amount of taxes deferred during the U.S. Holder’s holding period of the Class A common stock.
A U.S. Holder is encouraged to consult its tax advisor regarding the potential tax consequences of owning the Class A common stock if we were to be treated as a passive foreign investment company.
U.S. Federal Income Taxation of Non-U.S. Holders
A “Non-U.S. Holder” is a beneficial owner of Class A common stock that is neither a “U.S. Holder,” as defined above, nor a partnership or other entity treated as a partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes. In general, payments on the Class A common stock to a Non-U.S. Holder and gain realized by a Non-U.S. Holder on the sale, exchange, redemption or conversion of the Class A common stock will not be subject to U.S. federal income or withholding tax, unless:
| (1) | such income is effectively connected with a trade or business conducted by such Non-U.S. Holder in the United States (or, in the case of an applicable tax treaty, is attributable to the Non-U.S. Holder's permanent establishment in the United States), |
| (2) | in the case of gain, such Non-U.S. Holder is a nonresident alien individual who is present in the United States for more than 182 days in the taxable year of the sale of the Class A common stock and certain other requirements are met, or |
| (3) | the certification described below (see "Information Reporting and Backup Withholding") has not been fulfilled with respect to such Non-U.S. Holder. |
Except as may otherwise be provided in an applicable income tax treaty between the United States and a foreign country, a Non-U.S. Holder will generally be subject to tax in the same manner as a U.S. Holder with respect to payments of interest if such payments are effectively connected with the conduct of a trade or business by the Non-U.S. Holder in the United States. Such a Non-U.S. Holder will be required to provide the withholding agent with a properly executed IRS Form W-8ECI. In addition, if the Non-U.S. Holder is a corporation, such holder may be subject to a branch profits tax at a 30% rate (or such lower rate provided by an applicable tax treaty) of its effectively connected earnings and profits for the taxable year, subject to certain adjustments. A Non-U.S. Holder will not be considered to be engaged in a trade or business within the United States for U.S. federal income tax purposes solely by reason of holding the Class A common stock.
Information Reporting and Backup Withholding
Under certain circumstances, the Code requires "information reporting" annually to the IRS and to each U.S. Holder and Non-U.S. Holder (collectively, a "Holder"), and "backup withholding" with respect to certain payments made on or with respect to the Class A common stock. Certain Holders are exempt from backup withholding, including corporations, tax-exempt organizations, qualified pension and profit sharing trusts, and individual retirement accounts that provide a properly completed IRS Form W-9. Backup withholding will apply to a non-exempt U.S. Holder if such U.S. Holder (1) fails to furnish its Taxpayer Identification Number, or TIN, which, for an individual would be his or her Social Security Number, (2) furnishes an incorrect TIN, (3) is notified by the IRS that it has failed to properly report payments of interest and dividends, or (4) under certain circumstances, fails to certify, under penalties of perjury, that it has furnished a correct TIN and has not been notified by the IRS that it is subject to backup withholding for failure to report interest and dividend payments.
A Non-U.S. Holder which receives payments made on or with respect to the Class A common stock through the U.S. office of a broker, will be not be subject to either IRS reporting requirements or backup withholding if such Non-U.S. Holder provides to the withholding agent either IRS Form W-8BEN or W-8IMY, as applicable, together with all appropriate attachments, signed under penalties of perjury, identifying the Non-U.S. Holder and stating that the Non-U.S. Holder is not a U.S. person.
The payment of the proceeds on the disposition of the Class A common stock to or through the U.S. office of a broker generally will be subject to information reporting and backup withholding unless the Holder provides the certification described above or otherwise establishes an exemption from such reporting and withholding requirements.
Backup withholding is not an additional tax. Rather, the U.S. federal income tax liability of persons subject to backup withholding will be offset by the amount of tax withheld. If backup withholding results in an overpayment of U.S. federal income tax, a refund or credit may be obtained from the IRS, provided that certain required information is furnished. Copies of the information returns reporting such interest and withholding may be made available to the tax authorities in the country in which a Non-U.S. Holder is a resident under the provisions of an applicable income tax treaty or agreement.
Taxation of the Company’s Operating Income
In General
Unless exempt from U.S. federal income taxation under the rules discussed below, a foreign corporation is subject to U.S. federal income taxation in respect of any income that is derived from the use of vessels (e.g., through a contract of affreightment), from the hiring or leasing of vessels for use on a time, voyage or bareboat charter basis, from the participation in a pool, partnership, strategic alliance, joint operating agreement, code sharing arrangements or other joint venture it directly or indirectly owns or participates in that generates such income, or from the performance of services directly related to those uses, which we refer to as "shipping income," to the extent that the shipping income is derived from sources within the United States. Shipping income includes income derived both from vessels which are owned by a foreign corporation as well as those vessels that are chartered in by a foreign corporation. For these purposes, 50% of shipping income that is attributable to transportation that begins or ends, but that does not both begin and end, in the United States constitutes income from sources within the United States, which we refer to as "U.S.-source shipping income."
Shipping income attributable to transportation that both begins and ends in the United States is considered to be 100% from sources within the United States. We are not permitted by law to engage in transportation that produces income which is considered to be 100% from sources within the United States.
Shipping income attributable to transportation exclusively between non-U.S. ports will be considered to be 100% derived from sources outside the United States. Shipping income derived from sources outside the United States will not be subject to any U.S. federal income tax.
In the absence of exemption from tax under Code Section 883, our gross U.S. source shipping income would be subject to a 4% tax imposed without allowance for deductions as described below.
Exemptionof Operating Income from U.S. Federal Income Taxation
Under Code Section 883 and the regulations thereunder, we will be exempt from U.S. federal income taxation on our U.S.-source shipping income if:
| (1) | we are organized in a foreign country (our "country of organization") that grants an "equivalent exemption" to corporations organized in the United States; and |
| (A) | more than 50% of the value of our stock is owned, directly or indirectly, by individuals who are "residents" of our country of organization or of another foreign country that grants an "equivalent exemption" to corporations organized in the United States, which we refer to as the "50% Ownership Test," or |
| (B) | our stock is "primarily and regularly traded on an established securities market" in our country of organization, in another country that grants an "equivalent exemption" to United States corporations, or in the United States, which we refer to as the "Publicly-Traded Test." |
Liberia, the Marshall Islands and Cyprus, the jurisdictions where we and our ship-owning subsidiaries are incorporated, each has been formally recognized by the IRS as a foreign country that grants an “equivalent exemption” to United States corporations. Liberia was so recognized based on a Diplomatic Exchange of Notes entered into with the United States in 1988. It is not clear whether the IRS will still recognize Liberia as an "equivalent exemption" jurisdiction as a result of the New Act, discussed below, which on its face does not grant the requisite equivalent exemption to United States corporations. If the IRS does not so recognize Liberia as an "equivalent exemption" jurisdiction, we and our Liberian subsidiaries will not qualify for exemption under Code section 883 and would not have so qualified for 2002 and subsequent years. Assuming, however, that the New Act does not nullify the effectiveness of the Diplomatic Exchange of Notes, the IRS will continue to recognize Liberia as an equivalent exemption jurisdiction and we will be exempt from United States federal income taxation with respect to our U.S. source shipping income if either the 50% Ownership Test or the Publicly Traded Test is met. As discussed below, because our Class A common shares are publicly traded, it may be difficult for us to establish that we satisfy the 50% Ownership Test.
Treasury regulations issued under Code section 883 provide, in pertinent part, that stock of a foreign corporation will be considered to be “primarily traded” on an established securities market if the number of shares that are traded during any taxable year on that market exceeds the number of shares traded, during that year on any other established securities market. Our Class A common shares are “primarily traded” on the New York Stock Exchange.
Under the regulations, stock of a foreign corporation is considered to be “regularly traded” on an established securities market if (i) one or more classes of its stock representing 50 percent or more of its outstanding shares, by voting power and value, is listed on the market and is traded on the market, other than in minimal quantities, on at least 60 days during the taxable year; and (ii) the aggregate number of shares of its stock traded during the taxable year is at least 10% of the average number of shares of the stock outstanding during the taxable year. Our shares are not “regularly traded” within the meaning of the regulations because of the voting power held by our Class B common shares. As a result, we do not satisfy the Publicly-Traded Test.
Under the regulations, if we do not satisfy the Publicly-Traded Test and therefore are subject to the 50% Ownership Test, we would have to satisfy certain substantiation requirements regarding the identity of our shareholders in order to qualify for the Code section 883 exemption. These requirements are onerous and due to the publicly-traded nature of our stock, we do not believe that we will be able to satisfy them. Since we do not satisfy the Publicly-Traded Test or the 50% Ownership Test, we will not qualify for the section 883 exemption.
Section 887
Since we do not qualify for exemption under section 883 of the Code, our U.S. source shipping income, to the extent not considered to be “effectively connected” with the conduct of a U.S. trade or business, as discussed below, is subject to a 4% tax imposed by section 887 of the Code on a gross basis, without the benefit of deductions. Since under the sourcing rules described above, no more than 50% of our shipping income is treated as being derived from U.S. sources, the maximum effective rate of U.S. federal income tax on our shipping income will never exceed 2% under the 4% gross basis tax regime. This tax was $0.8 million for the tax year 2008.
Effectively Connected Income
To the extent our U.S. source shipping income is considered to be “effectively connected” with the conduct of a U.S. trade or business, as described below, any such “effectively connected” U.S. source shipping income, net of applicable deductions, would be subject to the U.S. federal corporate income tax currently imposed at rates of up to 35%. In addition, we may be subject to the 30% “branch profits” tax on earnings effectively connected with the conduct of such trade or business, as determined after allowance for certain adjustments, and on certain interest paid or deemed paid attributable to the conduct of its U.S. trade or business.
Our U.S. source shipping income would be considered “effectively connected” with the conduct of a U.S. trade or business only if:
| | we have, or are considered to have, a fixed place of business in the United States involved in the earning of shipping income; and |
| | substantially all of our U.S. source shipping income is attributable to regularly scheduled transportation, such as the operation of a vessel that follows a published schedule with repeated sailings at regular intervals between the same points for voyages that begin or end in the United States. |
We do not intend to have, or permit circumstances that would result in having any vessel operating to the United States on a regularly scheduled basis. Based on the foregoing and on the expected mode of our shipping operations and other activities, we believe that none of our U.S. source shipping income will be “effectively connected” with the conduct of a U.S. trade or business.
United States Taxation of Gain on Sale of Vessels
We will not be subject to United States federal income taxation with respect to gain realized on a sale of a vessel, provided the sale is considered to occur outside of the United States under United States federal income tax principles. In general, a sale of a vessel will be considered to occur outside of the United States for this purpose if title to the vessel, and risk of loss with respect to the vessel, pass to the buyer outside of the United States. It is expected that any sale of a vessel by us will be considered to occur outside of the United States.
Liberian Tax Considerations
The Company and certain of its subsidiaries are incorporated in the Republic of Liberia. The Republic of Liberia enacted a new income tax act generally effective as of January 1, 2001 (“New Act”). In contrast to the income tax law previously in effect since 1977 (“Prior Law”), which the New Act repealed in its entirety, the New Act does not distinguish between the taxation of non-resident Liberian corporations, such as ourselves and our Liberian subsidiaries, who conduct no business in Liberia and were wholly exempted from tax under Prior Law, and the taxation of ordinary resident Liberian corporations.
In 2004, the Liberian Ministry of Finance issued regulations pursuant to which a non-resident domestic corporation engaged in international shipping such as ourselves will not be subject to tax under the new act retroactive to January 1, 2001 (the “New Regulations”). In addition, the Liberian Ministry of Justice issued an opinion that the new regulations were a valid exercise of the regulatory authority of the Ministry of Finance. Therefore, assuming that the New Regulations are valid, we and our Liberian subsidiaries will be wholly exempt from Liberian income tax as under Prior Law.
If we were subject to Liberian income tax under the New Act, we and our Liberian subsidiaries would be subject to tax at a rate of 35% on our worldwide income. As a result, our net income and cash flow would be materially reduced by the amount of the applicable tax.
If we were subject to Liberian income tax under the New Act, then shareholders of our Class A common stock would be subject to Liberian withholding tax on dividends paid by us at rates ranging from 15% to 20%.
THE FOREGOING SUMMARY DOES NOT DISCUSS ALL ASPECTS OF U.S. FEDERAL AND LIBERIAN INCOME TAXATION THAT MAY BE RELEVANT TO YOU IN LIGHT OF YOUR PARTICULAR CIRCUMSTANCES. YOU ARE ENCOURAGED TO CONSULT YOUR OWN TAX ADVISOR AS TO THE PARTICULAR TAX CONSEQUENCES TO YOU OF ACQUIRING, HOLDING, CONVERTING OR OTHERWISE DISPOSING OF THE SHARES OF OUR CLASS A COMMON STOCK, INCLUDING THE EFFECT AND APPLICABILITY OF LIBERIAN AND OTHER FOREIGN TAX LAWS.
DESCRIPTION OF CAPITAL STOCK
Authorized and Outstanding Capital Stock
Under our Amended and Restated Articles of Incorporation, or the Articles, our authorized capital stock consists of 100,000,000 Class A common shares, par value $0.01 per share, and 1,000,000 Class B common shares, par value $0.01 per share, of which, as of July 3, 2009, 71,812,880 are issued and outstanding in the aggregate in Class A and Class B, consisting of 71,667,134 and 145,746 outstanding shares, respectively, and 5,000,000 preferred shares, par value $0.1 per share, of which none are issued and outstanding. All of our shares are in registered form. The following summary description of the terms of our capital stock is not complete and is qualified by reference to our Articles and By-Laws, copies of which we have filed as exhibits to periodic filings made by us with the Commission, the certificate of designations which we will file with the Commission at the time of any offering of our preferred stock, and information contained in our filings with the Commission to the extent these filings are incorporated by reference herein as set forth in “Where You Can Find Additional Information.”
We granted an option to purchase Class A common stock, as described in “Description of Capital Stock — Share History.” We have not granted any other options or warrants, but may do so in the future.
Share History
In October 1997, certain of our shareholders purchased approximately 65% of the common shares of B+H Maritime Carriers Ltd., a Liberian corporation formed in November 1988 that had disposed of its assets and ceased operations. We changed our name to Excel Maritime Carriers Ltd. on April 28, 1998. We effected a 1–for–20 reverse stock split on May 8, 1998, resulting in 221,806 common shares outstanding. Thereafter, our common shares were approved for listing and commenced trading on the American Stock Exchange under the symbol “EXM.” On May 22, 1998, we issued 6,350,000 common shares resulting in 6,571,806 common shares outstanding.
On August 31, 1999, our shareholders approved amendments to our Articles increasing the number of shares we may issue to an aggregate of 55,000,000 shares as follows: 5,000,000 shares of Preferred Stock (par value $0.1 per share), 49,000,000 Class A common shares (par value $0.01 per share), and 1,000,000 Class B common shares (par value $0.01 per share).
During September and October 1999, we issued a total of 4,924,347 Class A common shares as consideration for the acquisition of the shares of four holding companies that each owned one vessel. On December 27, 1999, we issued to our existing shareholders a share dividend of one Class B common share for every 100 Class A common shares held by the existing shareholders. Class B common shares entitle the shareholder to 1,000 votes per share and do not have an active trading market. The Class B common shares are not listed on any exchange or quotation system.
On March 21, 2002, we paid a one-time cash dividend of $2.15 per share. During that year, we sold 51,028 of our treasury shares. During 2003, we acquired 1,300 of our Class A common shares and 14 of our Class B common shares for an average price of $1.15.
On October 4, 2004, we granted Mr. Georgakis, then our Chief Executive Officer, President and a Director, the option to purchase 100,000 shares of Class A common stock. Following his resignation, all 100,000 options were forfeited, and all the options were subsequently cancelled.
On December 13, 2004, we issued 2,200,000 shares of Class A common stock at $25.00 per share, and on March 21, 2005, we issued 5,899,000 shares of our Class A common stock at $21.00 per share in transactions registered pursuant to the Securities Act.
On March 2, 2005, we agreed to issue 205,442 shares of our Class A common stock to Excel Management and to issue to Excel Management additional shares at any time before January 1, 2009 if we issue additional shares of Class A common stock to any other party for any reason, such that the number of additional Class A common stock to be issued to Excel Management together with the 205,442 shares of our Class A common stock to be issued to Excel Management, in the aggregate, equals 1.5% of our total outstanding Class A common stock after taking into account the third party issuance and the shares to be issued to Excel Management under the anti-dilution provisions of the termination agreement, in exchange for terminating the management agreement mentioned above and in exchange for a one-time cash payment of $2,023,846. On March 2, 2007, Excel Management informed us of its intention to consummate the transaction regarding the Management Termination agreement mentioned above. On June 19, 2007, we received payment in an amount of approximately $2.0 million upon issuance of the initial 205,442 shares and the 92,961 anti-dilution shares required to be issued as a result of the March 21, 2005 share issuance to other third parties, total 298,403 shares.
As of September 15, 2005, our Class A common shares have been listed on the NYSE under the symbol “EXM.”
On February 9, 2006, we granted Mr. Panayotides, the Chairman of our Board of Directors, 20,380 Class A or Class B shares at his option. On July 28, 2006, upon exercise of his option, we issued 20,380 shares of our Class B common stock to Mr. Panayotides.
On May 22, 2007, we declared a quarterly cash dividend of $0.20 per share for the first quarter 2007, payable on June 15, 2007 to shareholders of record on June 1, 2007.
On August 13, 2007, we declared a quarterly cash dividend of $0.20 per share for the second quarter 2007, payable on September 10, 2007 to shareholders of record as of August 31, 2007.
On October 16, 2007, our shareholders approved amendments to our Articles increasing the number of shares we may issue to an aggregate of 106,000,000 shares as follows: 5,000,000 shares of Preferred Stock (par value $0.1 per share), 100,000,000 Class A common shares (par value $0.01 per share), and 1,000,000 Class B common shares (par value $0.01 per share).
On November 13, 2007, we declared a quarterly cash dividend of $0.20 per share for the third quarter 2007, payable on December 11, 2007 to shareholders of record on November 30, 2007.
In February and March 2008, based on proposals of the Compensation committee and following the approval of the Company’s Board of Directors, 10,996 shares were granted to the executive officers in the form of restricted stock and 10,420 restricted shares were granted to the chairman of the Board of Directors. Half of the shares will vest on the first anniversary of the grant date and the remainder on the second anniversary of the grant date. The Chairman had the option to take the restricted stock in either Class A or Class B shares and he selected the latter. On June 26, 2008, 10,420 shares of the Company’s Class B common stock were issued to the Chairman.
On March 17, 2008, we declared a quarterly cash dividend of $0.20 per share for the fourth quarter 2007, paid on April 11, 2008 to shareholders of record on March 31, 2008.
On April 10, 2008, the Compensation Committee proposed and agreed that 500,000 shares of restricted stock, or the April Shares, were to be granted to Mr. Panayotides in recognition of his initiatives and efforts deemed to be outstanding and crucial to the success of the Company during 2007. 50% of the shares vested on December 31, 2008 and the remaining 50% will vest on December 31, 2009, provided that Mr. Panayotides continues to serve as a director of the Company. All stock awarded was in Class A shares. The Board of Directors approved the grant on April 11, 2008.
On April 15, 2008, we completed our acquisition of Quintana, and, pursuant to the Merger Agreement, each issued and outstanding share of Quintana common stock was converted into the right to receive (i) $13.00 in cash and (ii) 0.3979 shares of our Class A common stock. Total compensation paid by us for the acquisition of Quintana was $1.5 billion, settled by $0.8 billion in cash and $0.7 billion in 23,496,308 shares of our Class A common stock.
On May 19, 2008, we declared a quarterly cash dividend of $0.20 per share for the first quarter 2008, paid on June 16, 2008 to shareholders of record on June 2, 2008.
On May 28, 2008, 9,816 restricted shares of Class A common stock were issued to the Company’s executive officers and to Mr. Georgakis, the Company’s Chief Executive Officer prior to the merger who was no longer employed by the Company as of that date.
On June 26, 2008, the April Shares were issued to the Chairman and, on the same date, 310,996 restricted shares of the Company’s Class A common stock were issued in the aggregate to the Company’s Chief Financial and Chief Operating Officers and to Mr. Molaris, who was then our Chief Executive Officer. Following Mr. Molaris’ resignation on February 23, 2009, the 300,000 restricted shares of the Company’s Class A common stock issued to him on June 26, 2008 were cancelled as of the date of his resignation.
On July 1, 2008 and December 31, 2008, we issued a total of 392,801 shares of Class A common stock to Excel Management pursuant to an existing contractual obligation in connection with the termination of our management agreement with Excel Management in 2005 discussed above. The anti-dilution provision lapsed as of January 1, 2009.
On July 3, 2008, we issued 39,650 shares of Class A common stock to certain of our employees in lieu of severance payments they were owed following our acquisition of Quintana.
On August 11, 2008, we declared a quarterly cash dividend of $0.40 for the second quarter 2008, paid on September 15, 2008 to shareholders of record on September 1, 2008.
On November 5, 2008, we declared a quarterly cash dividend of $0.40 for the third quarter 2008, paid on December 5, 2008 to shareholders of record on November 20, 2008.
On November 13, 2008, 240,000 more restricted shares of our Class A common stock were issued in the aggregate to the Company’s Chief Operating and Chief Financial officers. On December 31, 2008, the Company issued 97,129 restricted shares of Class A common stock as compensation to certain of the Company’s key employees. On December 31, 2008, we issued 1,100,000 shares of our Class A common stock to a company designated by the sellers of a vessel we previously agreed to acquire, as part of the termination of our obligation to buy this vessel. The Compensation Committee proposed, and the Board approved, all of the aforementioned issuances in 2008 of restricted shares to the Company’s executive officers and directors.
On March 31, 2009, in exchange for an equity infusion of $45.0 million from entities affiliated with the family of Mr. Gabriel Panayotides, we issued to these entities an aggregate of 25,714,285 restricted shares of our Class A common stock and 5,500,000 warrants, with an exercise price of $3.50 per warrant. The 25,714,285 shares of Class A common stock, the warrants and the shares issuable on exercise of the warrants will be subject to 12–month lock-ups from March 31, 2009.
We have elected to satisfy our conversion obligation with respect to the remaining term of the notes exclusively in cash for 100% of the principal amount of the notes converted, and we have elected also to satisfy exclusively in cash any remaining amount with respect to such converted notes.
We have not granted any options or warrants to acquire any of our capital stock other than those described above, but may do so in the future.
Common Shares
We have both Class A common shares and Class B common shares. As of the date of this prospectus, we have 71,812,880 common shares outstanding in the aggregate, in two separate classes: 71,667,134 Class A common shares and 145,746 Class B common shares. The holders of the Class A shares are entitled to one vote per share on each matter requiring the approval of the holders of our common shares, whether pursuant to our Articles, our By-laws, the Liberian Business Corporation Act or otherwise. The holders of Class B shares are entitled to 1,000 votes per Class B share. Subject to preferences that may be applicable to any outstanding preferred shares, holders of common shares are entitled to receive ratably all dividends, if any, declared by the board of directors out of funds legally available for dividends. Holders of common shares do not have conversion, redemption or preemptive rights to subscribe to any of our securities. All outstanding common shares are fully paid and nonassessable. The rights, preferences and privileges of holders of common shares are subject to the rights of the holders of any preferred shares which we may issue in the future. Our Class A common shares are listed on the NYSE under the symbol “EXM.”
SELLING SHAREHOLDERS
This prospectus relates to the proposed sale from time to time of up to 2,579,898 shares of our Class A common stock issued to the selling shareholders named in the table below. We have filed the registration statement of which this prospectus forms a part in order to permit the selling shareholders or their respective transferees, donees, pledgees or successors-in-interest to offer these shares for resale from time to time.
1,440,248 shares of our Class A common stock covered by this prospectus were acquired by the following selling shareholders: Hans J. Mende, Stamatis Molaris and Corbin J. Roberston, III. These Class A common shares were acquired as part of the consideration we paid to Quintana shareholders in connection with our acquisition of Quintana pursuant to the Merger Agreement, by which Quintana became our wholly-owned subsidiary. On April 15, 2008, at the time the acquisition became effective, each share of Quintana common stock, including those shares held by the selling shareholders, was converted into the right to receive (i) $13.00 in cash and (ii) 0.3979 shares of our Class A common stock. Pursuant to the Merger Agreement, we agreed to file a registration statement covering the resale from time to time of our shares of Class A common stock received as consideration for the merger by officers or directors of Quintana who serve on our board of directors following the completion of the merger. Messrs. Mende, Molaris and Robertson were those directors and/or officers of Quintana who received shares of our Class A common stock as consideration for the merger. Mr. Molaris is no longer an officer or director of the Company, while Messrs. Mende and Robertson continue to serve on our board of directors.
An additional 39,650 shares of our Class A common stock covered by this prospectus were acquired by the following selling shareholders: Apostolos Apostolou, Vasilis Koutsolakos, Michalis Koutsouridis, Dimitris Logothetis and Alexandros Tsitsonis. These selling shareholders, who were formerly employees of Quintana and are now employees of Excel, received the shares of our Class A common stock in connection with employment and severance agreements between these selling shareholders and Quintana.
Finally, 1,100,000 shares of our Class A common stock covered by this prospectus were acquired by Prosperity Overseas S.A., or Prosperity, as a result of a series of transactions in December 2008. Prior to December 2008, we had previously agreed to acquire for $72.5 million the Medi Cebu, a vessel for which Oceanaut had entered into a definitive purchase agreement, and we advanced to the seller of the Medi Cebu an amount of $7.2 million as security for this obligation. Our board of directors subsequently approved the restructuring of this agreement whereby, in lieu of our absolute obligation to purchase the Medi Cebu, the seller instead granted us the option, expiring on December 31, 2009, to acquire the Medi Cebu for $25,710,000 and, in addition, we issued 1,100,000 shares of our Class A common stock to the seller; the seller nominated Prosperity to be the recipient of such shares upon their issuance. In addition, the restructuring provided for the retention of the $7.2 million security deposit by the seller.
We have also agreed to use our commercially reasonably efforts to keep this prospectus current and available for resales by each such selling shareholder until such selling shareholder has sold all such shares or ceases to serve on our board of directors.
The following table sets forth certain information with respect to the selling shareholders and their beneficial ownership of our Class A common shares. The table is based upon information provided by the selling shareholders. The table assumes that all the shares being offered by the selling shareholder pursuant to this prospectus are ultimately sold in the offering. The selling shareholders may sell some, all or none of their shares covered by this prospectus and as a result the actual number of shares that will be held by the selling shareholders upon termination of the offering may exceed the minimum number set forth in the table. In addition, the selling shareholders may have sold, transferred or otherwise disposed of our Class A common shares in a transaction exempt from the registration requirement of the Securities Act since the date on which they provided the information regarding their beneficial ownership of our Class A common shares.
Name of Selling Shareholders | Number of Shares Beneficially Owned Prior to the Offering (1) | Ownership Percentage Prior to the Offering | Maximum Number of Shares Being Offered | Minimum Number of Shares to Be Beneficially Owned Upon Termination of the Offering | Ownership Percentage Upon Termination of the Offering |
Prosperity Overseas S.A.(2) | 1,100,000 | 1.5% | 1,100,000 | 0 | 0% |
| | | | | |
Hans J. Mende(3) | 958,253 | 1.3% | 958,253 | 0 | 0% |
| | | | | |
Corbin J. Robertson, III(4) | 199,961 | * | 199,961 | 0 | 0% |
| | | | | |
Vasilis Koutsolakos(5) | 7,656 | * | 7,656 | 0 | 0% |
| | | | | |
Michalis Koutsouridis(6) | 12,746 | * | 12,746 | 0 | 0% |
| | | | | |
Total | 2,288,933 | 3.2% | 2,288,933 | 0 | 0% |
* | Less than one percent |
(1) | For purposes of this table, beneficial ownership is computed pursuant to Rule 13d-3 under Securities Exchange Act. |
(2) | The mailing address of Prosperity Overseas S.A. is 11, Ydras Steer, Lykovrissi 14 123, Greece. |
(3) | Includes 934,181 shares held by AMCI Acquisition II, LLC, a limited liability company indirectly controlled by Mr. Mende. Mr. Mende currently serves on our Board of Directors. Mr. Mende’s address is c/o AMCI, Inc., 475 Steamboat Road, Greenwich, CT, 06830. |
(4) | Mr. Robertson currently serves on our Board of Directors. Mr. Robertson’s address is 601 Jefferson, Suite 3600, Houston, TX, 77002. |
(5) | The mailing address of Mr. Koutsolakos is 13 Pandoras and Cyprus Street, 166 74 Glyfada, Athens, Greece. |
(6) | The mailing address of Mr. Koutsouridis is c/o Excel Maritime Carriers Ltd., 17th km National Road Athens, Lamia & Finikos Street, 145-64 Nea Kifisia, Athens, Greece. |
Sales of Securities by the Selling Securityholders
The Excel Class A common shares covered by this prospectus may be offered and sold by the selling shareholders, or by transferees, assignees, donees, pledgees or other successors-in-interest of such shares received after the date of this prospectus from a selling shareholder, directly or indirectly through brokers-dealers, agents or underwriters on the NYSE or any other stock exchange, market or trading facility on which such shares are traded, or through private transactions. The Excel Class A common shares covered by this prospectus may be sold by any method permitted by law, including, without limitation, one or more of following transactions:
| ● | ordinary brokerage transactions or transactions in which the broker solicits purchasers; |
| ● | purchases by a broker or dealer as principal and the subsequent resale by such broker or dealer for its account; |
| ● | block trades, in which a broker or dealer attempts to sell the shares as agent but may position and resell a portion of the shares as principal to facilitate the transaction; |
| ● | through the writing of options on the shares, whether such options are listed on an options exchange or otherwise; |
| ● | the disposition of the shares by a pledgee in connection with a pledge of the shares as collateral to secure debt or other obligations; |
| ● | an exchange distribution in accordance with the rules of the applicable stock exchange; |
| ● | through privately negotiated transactions; |
| ● | through the settlement of short sales entered into after the date of this prospectus; |
| ● | by agreement with a broker-dealer to sell a specified number of shares at a stipulated price per share; and |
| ● | a combination of any such methods of sale. |
The selling shareholders may also transfer their shares by means of gifts, donations and contributions. Subject to certain limitations under rules promulgated under the Securities Act, this prospectus may be used by the recipients of such gifts, donations and contributions to offer and sell the shares received by them, directly or through brokers-dealers or agents and in private or public transactions.
The selling shareholders my sell their shares at market prices prevailing at the time of sale, at negotiated prices, at fixed prices or without consideration by any legally available means. The aggregate net proceeds to the selling shareholders from the sale of their shares will be the purchase price of such shares less any discounts, concessions or commissions received by broker-dealers or agents. We will not receive any proceeds from the sale of any shares by the selling shareholders.
The selling shareholders and any broker-dealers or agents who participate in the distribution of their Excel Class A common shares may be deemed to be “underwriters” within the meaning of the Securities Act. Any commission received by such broker-dealers or agent on the sales and any profit on the resale of share purchased by broker-dealers or agent may be deemed to be underwriting commissions or discounts under the Securities Act. As a result, we have informed the selling shareholders that Regulation M, promulgated under the Exchange Act, may apply to sales by the selling shareholders in the market. The selling shareholders may agree to indemnify any broker, dealer or agent that participates in transactions involving the sale of their Excel Class A common shares against certain liabilities, including liabilities arising under the Securities Act.
To the extent required with respect to a particular offer or sale of Excel Class A common shares by a selling shareholders, we will file a prospectus supplement pursuant to Section 424(b) of the Securities Act, which will accompany this prospectus, to disclose:
| ● | the number of shares to be sold; |
| ● | the name of any broker-dealer or agent effecting the sale or transfer and the amount of any applicable discounts, commissions or similar selling expenses; and |
| ● | any other relevant information. |
The selling shareholders are acting independently of us in making decisions with respect to the timing, price, manner and size of each sale. We have not engaged any broker-dealer or agent in connection with the sale of Excel Class A common shares held by the selling shareholders, and there is no assurance that the selling shareholders will sell any or all of their shares. We have agreed to make available to the selling shareholders copies of this prospectus and any applicable prospectus supplement and have informed the selling shareholders of the need to deliver copies of this prospectus and any applicable prospectus supplement to purchasers prior to any sale to them.
The selling shareholders may also sell all or a portion of their Excel Class A common shares in open market transactions under Section 4(1) of the Securities Act including transactions in accordance with Rule 144 promulgated thereunder, rather than under the shelf registration statement, of which this prospectus forms a part.
Pursuant to a requirement by the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority, or FINRA, the maximum commission or discount to be received by any FINRA member or independent broker/dealer may not be greater than eight percent (8%) of the gross proceeds received by the seller for the sale of any securities being registered pursuant to Rule 415 promulgated by the Commission under the Securities Act.
EXPENSES
The following are the estimated expenses of the issuance and distribution of the securities being registered under the registration statement of which this prospectus forms a part, all of which will be paid by us.
SEC registration fee | $ | 1,238.04 | |
Blue sky fees and expenses | $ | | * |
Printing and engraving expenses | $ | | * |
Legal fees and expenses | $ | | * |
NYSE Supplemental Listing Fee | $ | | * |
Accounting fees and expenses | $ | | * |
Transfer Agent fees | $ | | * |
Miscellaneous | $ | | * |
| | | |
Total | $ | | * |
* | To be provided by amendment or as an exhibit to Report on Form 6-K that is incorporated by reference into this prospectus. |
LEGAL MATTERS
The validity of the securities offered by this prospectus will be passed upon for us by Seward & Kissel LLP, New York, New York with respect to matters of U.S. and Liberian law.
EXPERTS
The consolidated financial statements of Excel Maritime Carriers Ltd. for the year ended December 31, 2008 included in Excel Maritime Carriers Ltd.’s Report on Form 6-K dated June 1, 2009 and the effectiveness of Excel Maritime Carriers Ltd.’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2008, included in Excel Maritime Carriers Ltd.'s Annual Report on Form 20-F for the year ended December 31, 2008, have been audited by Ernst & Young (Hellas) Certified Auditors Accountants S.A., independent registered public accounting firm, as set forth in their reports thereon, included therein, and incorporated herein by reference. Such financial statements are incorporated herein by reference in reliance upon such reports given on the authority of such firm as experts in accounting and auditing.
The consolidated financial statements as of December 31, 2007 and 2006 and for each of the two years in the period ended December 31, 2007 and the period from January 13, 2005 (inception) through December 31, 2005 of Quintana Maritime Limited, incorporated in this Prospectus by reference from Excel Maritime Carriers Ltd.’s Current Report on Form 6-K, have been audited by Deloitte Hadjipavlou, Sofianos & Cambanis S.A., an independent registered public accounting firm, as stated in their report, which is incorporated herein by reference. Such consolidated financial statements have been so incorporated in reliance upon the report of such firm given upon their authority as experts in accounting and auditing.
WHERE YOU CAN FIND ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
As required by the Securities Act, we filed a registration statement relating to the securities offered by this prospectus with the Commission. This prospectus is a part of that registration statement, which includes additional information.
Government Filings
We file annual and special reports with the Commission. You may read and copy any document that we file at the public reference facilities maintained by the Commission at 100 F Street, N.E., Room 1580, Washington, D.C. 20549. You may obtain information on the operation of the public reference room by calling 1 (800) SEC-0330, and you may obtain copies at prescribed rates from the Public Reference Section of the Commission at its principal office in Washington, D.C. 20549. The Commission maintains a website (http://www.sec.gov) that contains reports, proxy and information statements and other information regarding registrants that file electronically with the Commission. In addition, you can obtain information about us at the offices of the New York Stock Exchange, 20 Broad Street, New York, New York 10005.
Information Incorporated by Reference
The Commission allows us to “incorporate by reference” information that we file with it. This means that we can disclose important information to you by referring you to those filed documents. The information incorporated by reference is considered to be a part of this prospectus, and information that we file later with the Commission prior to the termination of this offering will also be considered to be part of this prospectus and will automatically update and supersede previously filed information, including information contained in this document.
We incorporate by reference the documents listed below and any future filings made with the Commission under Section 13(a), 13(c), 14 or 15(d) of the Exchange Act:
| · | our Annual Report on Form 20-F for the year ended December 31, 2008, filed with the Commission on May 1, 2009; and |
| · | our Reports on Form 6-K submitted to the Commission on June 6, 2008 (financial statements of Quintana for the year ended December 31, 2007), June 6, 2008 (financial statements of Quintana for the first quarter of 2008), June 1, 2009 (retrospective information to show the effect of changes in accounting principles to the financials appearing in the Company's Annual Report on Form 20-F for the year ended December 31, 2008 filed on May 1, 2009 and unaudited pro forma financial information for the year ended December 31, 2008) and June 1, 2009 (unaudited financial statements for the first quarter of 2009). |
We are also incorporating by reference all subsequent annual reports on Form 20-F that we file with the Commission and certain Reports on Form 6-K that we submit to the Commission after the date of this prospectus (if they state that they are incorporated by reference into this prospectus) until we file a post-effective amendment indicating that the offering of the securities made by this prospectus has been terminated.
In addition, the description of Excel Class A common shares contained in Excel’s registration statements under Section 12 of the Exchange Act is incorporated into this prospectus by reference.
You should rely only on the information contained or incorporated by reference in this prospectus and any accompanying prospectus supplement. We have not authorized any other person to provide you with different information. If anyone provides you with different or inconsistent information, you should not rely on it. We are not making an offer to sell these securities in any jurisdiction where the offer or sale is not permitted. You should assume that the information appearing in this prospectus and any accompanying prospectus supplement as well as the information we previously filed with the Commission and incorporated by reference, is accurate as of the dates on the front cover of those documents only. Our business, financial condition and results of operations and prospects may have changed since those dates.
You may request a free copy of the above mentioned filings or any subsequent filing we incorporated by reference to this prospectus by writing or telephoning us at the following address:
17th km National Road Athens
Lamia & Finikos Street,
145-64 Nea Kifisia
Athens, Greece
(011)(30) (210) 620-9520
Information Provided by the Company
We will furnish holders of our common shares with annual reports containing audited financial statements and a report by our independent public accountants, and intend to furnish semi-annual reports containing selected unaudited financial data for the first six months of each fiscal year. The audited financial statements will be prepared in accordance with United States generally accepted accounting principles and those reports will include a “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” section for the relevant periods. As a “foreign private issuer”, we are exempt from the rules under the Exchange Act prescribing the furnishing and content of proxy statements to shareholders. While we intend to furnish proxy statements to any shareholder in accordance with the rules of the NYSE, those proxy statements are not expected to conform to Schedule 14A of the proxy rules promulgated under the Exchange Act. In addition, as a “foreign private issuer”, we are exempt from the rules under the Exchange Act relating to short swing profit reporting and liability.
Up to 2,579,898 Class A Common Shares