Investments | 2. INVESTMENTS Our investments are primarily composed of fixed income debt securities and common stock equity securities. We carry our equity securities at fair value and categorize all of our debt securities as available-for-sale, which are carried at fair value. Realized gains and losses on disposition of investments are based on specific identification of the investments sold on the settlement date. The following is a summary of the disposition of fixed income and equity securities for the nine-month periods ended September 30, 2022 and 2021: Sales Proceeds Gross Realized Net Realized (in thousands) From Sales Gains Losses Gain (Loss) 2022 Fixed income securities - available-for-sale $ 48,559 $ 286 $ (2,481) $ (2,195) Equity securities 59,264 20,410 (609) 19,801 2021 Fixed income securities - available-for-sale $ 43,041 $ 1,476 $ (107) $ 1,369 Equity securities 157,973 52,409 (1,787) 50,622 Calls/Maturities Gross Realized Net Realized (in thousands) Proceeds Gains Losses Gain (Loss) 2022 Fixed income securities - available-for-sale $ 176,991 $ 142 $ (55) $ 87 2021 Fixed income securities - available-for-sale $ 296,563 $ 471 $ (109) $ 362 FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS Assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021 are summarized below: As of September 30, 2022 Quoted Prices in Significant Other Significant Active Markets for Observable Unobservable Identical Assets Inputs Inputs (in thousands) (Level 1) (Level 2) (Level 3) Total Fixed income securities - available-for-sale U.S. government $ — $ 340,442 $ — $ 340,442 U.S. agency — 56,935 — 56,935 Non-U.S. government & agency — 5,712 — 5,712 Agency MBS — 317,029 — 317,029 ABS/CMBS/MBS* — 241,512 — 241,512 Corporate — 910,979 52,890 963,869 Municipal — 526,540 — 526,540 Total fixed income securities - available-for-sale $ — $ 2,399,149 $ 52,890 $ 2,452,039 Equity securities 461,392 49 1,547 462,988 Total $ 461,392 $ 2,399,198 $ 54,437 $ 2,915,027 As of December 31, 2021 Quoted Prices in Significant Other Significant Active Markets for Observable Unobservable Identical Assets Inputs Inputs (in thousands) (Level 1) (Level 2) (Level 3) Total Fixed income securities - available-for-sale U.S. government $ — $ 134,554 $ — $ 134,554 U.S. agency — 32,760 — 32,760 Non-U.S. government & agency — 8,481 — 8,481 Agency MBS — 367,187 — 367,187 ABS/CMBS/MBS* — 264,054 — 264,054 Corporate — 913,577 43,518 957,095 Municipal — 645,756 — 645,756 Total fixed income securities - available-for-sale $ — $ 2,366,369 $ 43,518 $ 2,409,887 Equity securities 613,712 64 — 613,776 Total $ 613,712 $ 2,366,433 $ 43,518 $ 3,023,663 * Non-agency asset-backed, commercial mortgage-backed and mortgage-backed securities The following table summarizes changes in the balance of securities whose fair value was measured using significant unobservable inputs (Level 3). (in thousands) Level 3 Securities Balance as of January 1, 2022 $ 43,518 Net realized and unrealized gains (losses) Included in net earnings as a part of: Net investment income (662) Net realized gains (433) Included in other comprehensive earnings (loss) (8,350) Total net realized and unrealized gains (losses) $ (9,445) Purchases 21,461 Transfers out of Level 3 (1,097) Balance as of September 30, 2022 $ 54,437 Change in unrealized gains (losses) during the period for Level 3 assets held at period-end - included in net realized gains $ (433) Change in unrealized gains (losses) during the period for Level 3 assets held at period-end - included in other comprehensive earnings (loss) $ (8,350) The amortized cost and fair value of available-for-sale fixed income securities by contractual maturity as of September 30, 2022 were as follows: September 30, 2022 (in thousands) Amortized Cost Fair Value Due in one year or less $ 206,921 $ 206,327 Due after one year through five years 867,511 818,569 Due after five years through 10 years 515,276 457,011 Due after 10 years 526,093 411,591 ABS/CMBS/MBS* 637,830 558,541 Total available-for-sale $ 2,753,631 $ 2,452,039 * Asset-backed, commercial mortgage-backed and mortgage-backed securities The amortized cost and fair value of available-for-sale securities at September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021 are presented in the tables below. Amortized cost does not include the $18.4 million and $16.4 million of accrued interest receivable as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively. September 30, 2022 Cost or Allowance Gross Gross Amortized for Credit Unrealized Unrealized Fair (in thousands) Cost Losses Gains Losses Value U.S. government $ 349,419 $ — $ — $ (8,977) $ 340,442 U.S. agency 59,048 — 9 (2,122) 56,935 Non-U.S. government & agency 6,798 — — (1,086) 5,712 Agency MBS 360,429 — 172 (43,572) 317,029 ABS/CMBS/MBS* 277,401 (9) 21 (35,901) 241,512 Corporate 1,067,473 (318) 47 (103,333) 963,869 Municipal 633,063 — 194 (106,717) 526,540 Total Fixed Income $ 2,753,631 $ (327) $ 443 $ (301,708) $ 2,452,039 December 31, 2021 Cost or Allowance Gross Gross Amortized for Credit Unrealized Unrealized Fair (in thousands) Cost Losses Gains Losses Value U.S. government $ 127,752 $ — $ 6,846 $ (44) $ 134,554 U.S. agency 30,403 — 2,374 (17) 32,760 Non-U.S. government & agency 8,297 — 338 (154) 8,481 Agency MBS 362,861 — 9,277 (4,951) 367,187 ABS/CMBS/MBS* 264,273 — 2,120 (2,339) 264,054 Corporate 925,394 (441) 37,247 (5,105) 957,095 Municipal 627,287 — 22,750 (4,281) 645,756 Total Fixed Income $ 2,346,267 $ (441) $ 80,952 $ (16,891) $ 2,409,887 * Non-agency asset-backed, commercial mortgage-backed and mortgage-backed securities Allowance for Credit Losses and Unrealized Losses on Fixed Income Securities A reversable allowance for credit losses is recognized on available-for-sale fixed income securities. Several criteria are reviewed to determine if securities in the fixed income portfolio should be included in the allowance for expected credit loss evaluation, including: ● Changes in technology that may impair the earnings potential of the investment, ● The discontinuance of a segment of business that may affect future earnings potential, ● Reduction of or non-payment of interest and/or principal, ● Specific concerns related to the issuer’s industry or geographic area of operation, ● Significant or recurring operating losses, poor cash flows and/or deteriorating liquidity ratios and ● Downgrades in credit quality by a major rating agency. If changes in interest rates and credit spreads do not reasonably explain the unrealized loss for an available-for-sale security or if any of the criteria above indicate a potential credit loss, the security is subjected to a discounted cash flow analysis. Inputs into the discounted cash flow analysis include prepayment assumptions for structured securities, default rates and recoverability rates based on credit rating. The allowance for any security is limited to the amount that the security’s fair value is below amortized cost. As of September 30, 2022, the discounted cash flow analysis resulted in an allowance for credit losses on 18 securities. The following table presents changes in the allowance for expected credit losses on available-for-sale securities: Three Months Ended September 30, Nine Months Ended September 30, (in thousands) 2022 2021 2022 2021 Beginning balance $ 292 $ 204 $ 441 $ 397 Increase to allowance from securities for which credit losses were not previously recorded 168 — 292 — Reduction from securities sold during the period (166) — (619) Reductions from intent to sell securities — — (17) — Net increase (decrease) from securities that had an allowance at the beginning of the period 33 22 230 (171) Balance as of September 30, $ 327 $ 226 $ 327 $ 226 During 2022, net realized gains included $0.1 million of losses on fixed income securities for which we no longer had the intent to hold until recovery and the cost basis was written down to fair value. No such losses were recognized during the first nine months of 2021. As of September 30, 2022, in addition to the securities included in the allowance for credit losses, the fixed income portfolio contained 1,543 securities with an unrealized loss position for which an allowance for credit losses had not been recorded. The $301.7 million in associated unrealized losses represents 10.8 percent of the fixed income portfolio’s cost basis and 8.2 percent of total invested assets. Isolated to these securities, unrealized losses increased through the first nine months of 2022, as interest rates increased during the period. Of the total 1,543 securities, 302 have been in an unrealized loss position for 12 consecutive months or longer. The following table illustrates the total value of fixed income securities that were in an unrealized loss position as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021 after factoring in the allowance for credit losses. All fixed income securities continue to pay the expected coupon payments and we believe we will recover the amortized cost basis of available-for-sale securities that remain in an unrealized loss position. September 30, 2022 December 31, 2021 (in thousands) < 12 Mos. 12 Mos. & Greater Total < 12 Mos. 12 Mos. & Greater Total U.S. government Fair value $ 285,302 $ 5,315 $ 290,617 $ 2,942 $ — $ 2,942 Amortized cost 293,829 5,765 299,594 2,986 — 2,986 Unrealized loss $ (8,527) $ (450) $ (8,977) $ (44) $ — $ (44) U.S. agency Fair value $ 30,089 $ — $ 30,089 $ 1,498 $ — $ 1,498 Amortized cost 32,211 — 32,211 1,515 — 1,515 Unrealized loss $ (2,122) $ — $ (2,122) $ (17) $ — $ (17) Non-U.S. government Fair value $ 3,594 $ 2,118 $ 5,712 $ 4,346 $ — $ 4,346 Amortized cost 3,798 3,000 6,798 4,500 — 4,500 Unrealized Loss $ (204) $ (882) $ (1,086) $ (154) $ — $ (154) Agency MBS Fair value $ 192,947 $ 112,457 $ 305,404 $ 102,145 $ 62,669 $ 164,814 Amortized cost 210,448 138,528 348,976 104,336 65,429 169,765 Unrealized loss $ (17,501) $ (26,071) $ (43,572) $ (2,191) $ (2,760) $ (4,951) ABS/CMBS/MBS* Fair value $ 148,272 $ 89,792 $ 238,064 $ 150,997 $ 3,935 $ 154,932 Amortized cost 165,163 108,802 273,965 153,235 4,036 157,271 Unrealized loss $ (16,891) $ (19,010) $ (35,901) $ (2,238) $ (101) $ (2,339) Corporate Fair value $ 773,433 $ 184,317 $ 957,750 $ 217,791 $ 53,818 $ 271,609 Amortized cost 844,169 216,914 1,061,083 221,010 55,704 276,714 Unrealized loss $ (70,736) $ (32,597) $ (103,333) $ (3,219) $ (1,886) $ (5,105) Municipal Fair value $ 418,864 $ 76,783 $ 495,647 $ 162,998 $ 15,037 $ 178,035 Amortized cost 493,485 108,879 602,364 166,602 15,714 182,316 Unrealized loss $ (74,621) $ (32,096) $ (106,717) $ (3,604) $ (677) $ (4,281) Total fixed income Fair value $ 1,852,501 $ 470,782 $ 2,323,283 $ 642,717 $ 135,459 $ 778,176 Amortized cost 2,043,103 581,888 2,624,991 654,184 140,883 795,067 Unrealized loss $ (190,602) $ (111,106) $ (301,708) $ (11,467) $ (5,424) $ (16,891) * Non-agency asset-backed, commercial mortgage-backed and mortgage-backed securities The following table shows the composition of the fixed income securities in unrealized loss positions, after factoring in the allowance for credit losses, at September 30, 2022 by the National Association of Insurance Commissioners (NAIC) rating and the generally equivalent Standard & Poor’s (S&P) and Moody’s ratings. The vast majority of the securities are rated by S&P and/or Moody’s. Equivalent Equivalent (dollars in thousands) NAIC S&P Moody’s Amortized Unrealized Percent Rating Rating Rating Cost Fair Value Loss to Total 1 AAA/AA/A Aaa/Aa/A $ 2,084,118 $ 1,840,726 $ (243,392) 80.7 % 2 BBB Baa 399,832 353,124 (46,708) 15.5 % 3 BB Ba 75,146 67,738 (7,408) 2.5 % 4 B B 65,238 61,152 (4,086) 1.3 % 5 CCC Caa 657 543 (114) 0.0 % 6 CC or lower Ca or lower — — — 0.0 % Total $ 2,624,991 $ 2,323,283 $ (301,708) 100.0 % Other Invested Assets We had $48.8 million of other invested assets at September 30, 2022, compared to $50.5 million at December 31, 2021. Other invested assets include investments in low income housing tax credit partnerships (LIHTC), membership in the Federal Home Loan Bank of Chicago (FHLBC), and investments in private funds. Our LIHTC investments are carried at amortized cost and our investment in FHLBC stock is carried at cost. Due to the nature of the LIHTC and our membership in the FHLBC, their carrying amounts approximate fair value. The private funds are carried at fair value, using each investment’s net asset value. Our LIHTC interests had a balance of $14.2 million at September 30, 2022, compared to $16.6 million at December 31, 2021, and recognized a total tax benefit of $0.9 million during the third quarters of 2022 and 2021. For the nine-months ended As of September 30, 2022, $60.2 million of investments were pledged as collateral with the FHLBC to ensure timely access to the secured lending facility that ownership of FHLBC stock provides. As of September 30, 2022, $50.0 million of borrowings were outstanding with the FHLBC. Our investments in private funds totaled $28.9 million at September 30, 2022, compared to $28.6 million at December 31, 2021, and we had $5.7 million of associated unfunded commitments at September 30, 2022. Our interest in private funds is generally restricted from being transferred or otherwise redeemed without prior consent by the respective entities, and the timed dissolution of the partnerships would trigger redemption. Investments in Unconsolidated Investees We had $58.1 million of investments in unconsolidated investees at September 30, 2022, compared to $171.3 million at December 31, 2021. Our investments accounted for under the equity method are primarily related to Maui Jim, Inc. (Maui Jim) and Prime Holdings Insurance Services, Inc. (Prime). On September 30, 2022, we completed the sale of our investment in Maui Jim. See note 8 for more information on the sale. At September 30, 2022, our investment in Prime was $46.9 million. Other investments in unconsolidated investees totaled $11.2 million at September 30, 2022 and had unfunded commitments of $7.7 million. Cash Cash consists of uninvested balances in bank accounts. We had a cash balance of $723.5 million at September 30, 2022, compared to $88.8 million at December 31, 2021. Cash balances increased due to the sale of our investment in Maui Jim which was completed on September 30, 2022. |