Loans And The Allowance For Loan Losses | 4. LOANS AND THE ALLOWANCE FOR LOAN LOSSES Major categories of loans at December 31, 2022 and 2021 are summarized as follows: December 31, 2022 December 31, 2021 Mortgage loans on real estate: (in thousands) Residential mortgages $ 440,123 $ 411,060 Commercial and multi-family 778,714 739,761 Construction-Residential 3,626 5,109 Construction-Commercial 117,403 98,012 Home equities 82,414 81,238 Total real estate loans 1,422,280 1,335,180 Commercial and industrial loans 250,069 237,077 Consumer and other loans 572 719 Unaccreted yield adjustments* ( 552 ) ( 1,071 ) Total gross loans 1,672,369 1,571,905 Allowance for loan losses ( 19,438 ) ( 18,438 ) Loans, net $ 1,652,931 $ 1,553,467 *Includes net premiums and discounts on acquired loans and net deferred fees and costs on loans originated . At December 31, 2022, the outstanding principal balance and the carrying amount of acquired credit-impaired loans totaled $ 0.8 million and $ 0.7 million, respectively, relatively consistent with an outstanding principal balance and carrying amount of $ 0.8 million at December 31, 2021. There were no valuation allowances for specifically identified impairment attributable to acquired credit-impaired loans at December 31, 2022 or 2021. There were $ 495 million and $ 619 million in residential and commercial mortgage loans pledged to FHLBNY to serve as collateral for potential borrowings as of December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively. Residential Mortgages : The Company originates adjustable-rate and fixed-rate, one-to-four-family residential real estate loans for the construction, purchase, or refinancing of a mortgage. These loans are collateralized by owner-occupied properties located in the Company’s market area and are amortized over a period of 10 to 30 years. Loans on one-to-four-family residential real estate are mostly originated in amounts of no more than 80 % of the property’s appraised value or have private mortgage insurance. Mortgage title insurance and hazard insurance are normally required. Construction loans have a unique risk, because they are secured by an incomplete dwelling. The Company, in its normal course of business, sells certain residential mortgages which it originates to FNMA. The Company maintains servicing rights on the loans that it sells to FNMA and earns a fee thereon. The Bank determines with each origination of residential real estate loans which desired maturities, within the context of overall maturities in the loan portfolio, provide the appropriate mix to optimize the Bank’s ability to absorb the corresponding interest rate risk within the Company’s tolerance ranges. This practice allows the Company to manage interest rate risk, liquidity risk, and credit risk. At December 31, 2022 and 2021, the Company had approximately $ 57 million and $ 61 million, respectively, in unpaid principal balances of loans that it services for FNMA. For the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, the Company sold $ 4.5 million and $ 1 million, respectively, in loans to FNMA and realized gains on those sales of $ 0.1 million and less than $ 0.1 million, respectively. Gains or losses recognized upon the sale of loans are determined on a specific identification basis. At December 31, 2022, the Company also had approximately $ 59 million in unpaid principal balances of loans that it services for FHLMC, compared with $ 70 million at December 31, 2021. No loans were sold to FHLMC by the Company during the years 2022 and 2021. The Company had a related asset carried at fair value of approximately $ 1.1 million and $ 0.9 million for the servicing portfolio rights at December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively. At December 31, 2022 no residential mortgages were held for sale, compared to $ 0.1 million in loans held for sale at December 31, 2021. The carrying value approximates fair value. Commercial and Multi-Family Mortgages and Commercial Construction Loans : Commercial real estate loans are made to finance the purchases of real estate with completed structures or in the midst of being constructed. These commercial real estate loans are secured by first liens on the real estate, which may include apartments, hotels, retail stores or plazas, healthcare facilities, and other non-owner-occupied facilities. These loans are generally less risky than commercial and industrial loans since they are secured by real estate and buildings. The Company offers commercial mortgage loans with up to an 80 % LTV ratio for up to 20 years on a variable and fixed rate basis. Many of these mortgage loans either mature or are subject to a rate call after three to five years . The Company’s underwriting analysis includes credit verification, independent appraisals, a review of the borrower's financial condition, and the underlying cash flows. Construction loans have a unique risk, because they are secured by an incomplete dwelling. Home Equities : The Company originates home equity lines of credit and second mortgage loans (loans secured by a second lien position on one-to-four-family residential real estate). These loans carry a higher risk than first mortgage residential loans because they are in a second position with respect to collateral. Risk is reduced through underwriting criteria, which include credit verification, appraisals, a review of the borrower's financial condition, and personal cash flows. A security interest, with title insurance when necessary, is taken in the underlying real estate. Commercial and Industrial Loans: These loans generally include term loans and lines of credit. Such loans are made available to businesses for working capital (including inventory and receivables), business expansion (including acquisition of real estate, expansion, and improvements) and equipment purchases. As a general practice, a collateral lien is placed on equipment or other assets owned by the borrower. These loans generally carry a higher risk than commercial real estate loans based on the nature of the underlying collateral, which can be business assets such as equipment and accounts receivable. To reduce the risk, management also attempts to secure real estate as collateral and obtain personal guarantees of the borrowers. To further reduce risk and enhance liquidity, these loans generally carry variable rates of interest, re-pricing in three - to five -year periods, and have a maturity of five years or less. Lines of credit generally carry floating rates of interest (e.g. prime plus a margin). Consumer Loans : The Company funds a variety of consumer loans, including direct automobile loans, recreational vehicle loans, boat loans, home improvement loans, and personal loans (collateralized and uncollateralized). Most of these loans carry a fixed rate of interest with principal repayment terms typically ranging up to five years , based upon the nature of the collateral and the size of the loan. The majority of consumer loans are underwritten on a secured basis using the underlying collateral being financed. A minimal amount of loans are unsecured, which carry a higher risk of loss. These loans included overdrawn deposit accounts classified as loans of $ 0.1 million at December 31, 2022 and 2021. The following tables summarize the allowance for loan losses, as of December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively, by portfolio segment. The segments presented are at the level management uses to assess and monitor the risk and performance of the portfolio. 2022 (in thousands) Commercial and Industrial Commercial Real Estate Mortgages* Consumer and Other Residential Mortgages* Home Equities Total Allowance for loan losses: Beginning balance $ 3,309 $ 12,367 $ 54 $ 2,127 $ 581 $ 18,438 Charge-offs ( 1,546 ) - ( 170 ) ( 125 ) ( 30 ) ( 1,871 ) Recoveries 114 - 18 - - 132 Provision (Credit) 3,103 ( 772 ) 251 100 57 2,739 Ending balance $ 4,980 $ 11,595 $ 153 $ 2,102 $ 608 $ 19,438 Allowance for loan losses: Ending balance: Loans acquired with deteriorated credit quality $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - Individually evaluated for impairment - 251 - 28 77 356 Collectively evaluated for impairment 4,980 11,344 153 2,074 531 19,082 Total $ 4,980 $ 11,595 $ 153 $ 2,102 $ 608 $ 19,438 Loans: Ending balance: Loans acquired with deteriorated credit quality $ - $ - $ - $ 687 $ - $ 687 Individually evaluated for impairment 2,697 18,144 - 4,020 949 25,810 Collectively evaluated for impairment 247,372 877,973 572 439,042 81,465 1,646,424 Total $ 250,069 $ 896,117 $ 572 $ 443,749 $ 82,414 $ 1,672,921 N ote : Loan balances do not include $( 0.6 ) million of unaccreted yield adjustments as of December 31, 2022. * includes construction loans 2021 (in thousands) Commercial and Industrial Commercial Real Estate Mortgages* Consumer and Other Residential Mortgages* Home Equities Total Allowance for loan losses: Beginning balance $ 4,882 $ 13,249 $ 45 $ 1,658 $ 581 $ 20,415 Charge-offs ( 424 ) ( 1 ) ( 147 ) - - ( 572 ) Recoveries 76 - 30 - 2 108 Provision (Credit) ( 1,225 ) ( 881 ) 126 469 ( 2 ) ( 1,513 ) Ending balance $ 3,309 $ 12,367 $ 54 $ 2,127 $ 581 $ 18,438 Allowance for loan losses: Ending balance: Loans acquired with deteriorated credit quality $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - Individually evaluated for impairment $ 100 345 - 9 41 495 Collectively evaluated for impairment 3,209 12,022 54 2,118 540 17,943 Total $ 3,309 $ 12,367 $ 54 $ 2,127 $ 581 $ 18,438 Loans: Ending balance: Loans acquired with deteriorated credit quality $ - $ - $ - $ 803 $ - $ 803 Individually evaluated for impairment $ 5,028 11,925 - 2,598 1,236 20,787 Collectively evaluated for impairment 232,049 825,848 719 412,768 80,002 1,551,386 Total $ 237,077 $ 837,773 $ 719 $ 416,169 $ 81,238 $ 1,572,976 Note : Loan balances do not include $( 1.1 ) million of unaccreted yield adjustments as of December 31, 2021. * includes construction loans A description of the Company’s accounting policies and the methodology used to estimate the allowance for loan losses, including a description of the factors considered in determining the allowance for loan losses, such as historical losses and existing economic conditions, is included in Note 1 to these Consolidated Financial Statements. The following table provides data, at the class level, of credit quality indicators of certain loans, as of December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively: 2022 (in thousands) Corporate Credit Exposure – By Credit Rating Commercial Real Estate Construction Commercial and Multi-Family Mortgages Total Commercial Real Estate Commercial and Industrial Acceptable or better $ 77,378 $ 567,112 $ 644,490 $ 177,278 Watch 22,639 168,626 191,265 40,603 Special Mention 4,979 17,965 22,944 25,316 Substandard 12,407 25,011 37,418 6,872 Doubtful/Loss - - - - Total $ 117,403 $ 778,714 $ 896,117 $ 250,069 2021 (in thousands) Corporate Credit Exposure – By Credit Rating Commercial Real Estate Construction Commercial and Multi-Family Mortgages Total Commercial Real Estate Commercial and Industrial Acceptable or better $ 65,211 $ 480,159 $ 545,370 $ 152,675 Watch 19,108 182,502 201,610 64,406 Special Mention 7,045 33,219 40,264 10,200 Substandard 6,648 43,881 50,529 9,796 Doubtful/Loss - - - - Total $ 98,012 $ 739,761 $ 837,773 $ 237,077 The Company continues to evaluate its portfolio of loans to clients within the hotel industry for residual impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic. Loans that have returned to compliance with contractual payment terms for a sustained period have been upgraded out of the watch or criticized categories. The Company identified a well-defined weakness in the hotel industry and classified the $ 81 million of loans to clients within that industry during 2020. Subsequently, more than half of this portfolio has been upgraded of paid off. Currently, $30 million of the hotel portfolio remains in criticized status at the end of 2022. Total criticized assets decreased to $ 93 million at December 31, 2022 compared with $ 111 million at the end of 2021. The Company evaluates the loan portfolio to ensure that specific credits are appropriately graded and reserved. At least annually, borrowers’ financial information is reviewed by the individual relationship managers. Independent of the individual relationship managers, the credit department performs annual reviews on all requisite relationships within the loan portfolio. In addition to the credit department, the Company has engaged an independent vendor to monitor the management of the Company’s commercial loan portfolio. The Company’s loan review function reviews a percentage of the commercial loan portfolio based on an annual risk assessment, typically ranging from 40% to 50%. The Company believes that the allowance for loan losses is reflective of a fair assessment of the current environment and credit quality trends. The Company’s consumer loans, including residential mortgages and home equity loans and lines of credit, are not individually risk rated or reviewed as part of the Company’s loan review process. Unlike commercial customers, consumer loan customers are not required to provide the Company with updated financial information. Consumer loans also carry smaller dollar balances. Given the lack of updated information since the initial underwriting of the loan and the small size of individual loans, the Company uses delinquency status as the primary credit quality indicator for consumer loans. Once a consumer loan reaches 60 days past due, management orders an independent appraisal of the underlying collateral and produces a credit report on the borrower. After discounting for potential selling costs and other factors specific to the property or borrower, the book value of the loan is then compared to the collateral value as determined by the appraisal. In situations where the Company holds a junior lien, management accounts for the amount of the senior liens held by other lenders, and the collateral value is more heavily discounted to account for the increased risk. If the loan is ultimately determined to be impaired, it is placed in non-accrual status. Unless the loan is well secured and in the process of collection, all consumer loans that are more than 90 days past due are placed in non-accrual status. A summary of current, past due, and nonaccrual loans as of December 31, 2022 and 2021 follows: 2022 (in thousands) Current Non-accruing Total Balance 30-59 days 60-89 days 90+ days Loans Balance Commercial and industrial $ 246,393 $ 235 $ 684 $ 139 $ 2,618 $ 250,069 Residential real estate: Residential 434,773 1,111 - 472 3,767 440,123 Construction 3,626 - - - - 3,626 Commercial real estate: Commercial 770,911 1,079 - 75 6,649 778,714 Construction 107,063 - - 1,648 8,692 117,403 Home equities 80,797 752 198 100 567 82,414 Consumer and other 567 3 1 1 - 572 Total Loans $ 1,644,130 $ 3,180 $ 883 $ 2,435 $ 22,293 $ 1,672,921 2021 (in thousands) Current Non-accruing Total Balance 30-59 days 60-89 days 90+ days Loans Balance Commercial and industrial $ 229,724 $ 1,336 $ 568 $ 548 $ 4,901 $ 237,077 Residential real estate: Residential 402,992 3,466 1,563 - 3,039 411,060 Construction 5,109 - - - - 5,109 Commercial real estate: Commercial 711,481 16,451 6,073 - 5,756 739,761 Construction 93,842 757 - 480 2,933 98,012 Home equities 79,644 627 209 - 758 81,238 Consumer and other 706 9 4 - - 719 Total Loans $ 1,523,498 $ 22,646 $ 8,417 $ 1,028 $ 17,387 $ 1,572,976 The following table provides data, at the class level, of impaired loans: At December 31, 2022 2022 Recorded Investment Unpaid Principal Balance Related Allowance Average Recorded Investment Interest Income Recognized With no related allowance recorded: (in thousands) Commercial and industrial $ 2,697 $ 3,334 $ - $ 2,654 $ 82 Residential real estate: Residential 4,607 5,109 - 4,522 57 Construction - - - - - Commercial real estate: Commercial 9,453 9,778 - 7,928 288 Construction 7,360 7,500 - 3,715 282 Home equities 813 885 - 778 24 Consumer and other - - - - - Total impaired loans $ 24,930 $ 26,606 $ - $ 19,597 $ 733 At December 31, 2022 2022 Recorded Investment Unpaid Principal Balance Related Allowance Average Recorded Investment Interest Income Recognized With a related allowance recorded: (in thousands) Commercial and industrial $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - Residential real estate: Residential 59 59 28 59 - Construction - - - - - Commercial real estate: Commercial - - - - - Construction 1,331 1,499 251 1,360 - Home equities 136 153 77 58 2 Consumer and other - - - - - Total impaired loans $ 1,526 $ 1,711 $ 356 $ 1,477 $ 2 At December 31, 2022 2022 Recorded Investment Unpaid Principal Balance Related Allowance Average Recorded Investment Interest Income Recognized Total: (in thousands) Commercial and industrial $ 2,697 $ 3,334 $ - $ 2,654 $ 82 Residential real estate: Residential 4,666 5,168 28 4,581 57 Construction - - - - - Commercial real estate: Commercial 9,453 9,778 - 7,928 288 Construction 8,691 8,999 251 5,075 282 Home equities 949 1,038 77 836 26 Consumer and other - - - - - Total impaired loans $ 26,456 $ 28,317 $ 356 $ 21,074 $ 735 At December 31, 2021 2021 Recorded Investment Unpaid Principal Balance Related Allowance Average Recorded Investment Interest Income Recognized With no related allowance recorded: (in thousands) Commercial and industrial $ 4,874 $ 5,712 $ - $ 5,126 $ 22 Residential real estate: Residential 3,297 3,654 - 3,602 27 Construction - - - - - Commercial real estate: Commercial 8,821 9,338 - 11,223 270 Construction 1,395 1,499 - 1,144 - Home equities 1,127 1,324 - 1,319 12 Consumer and other - - - - - Total impaired loans $ 19,514 $ 21,527 $ - $ 22,414 $ 331 At December 31, 2021 2021 Recorded Investment Unpaid Principal Balance Related Allowance Average Recorded Investment Interest Income Recognized With a related allowance recorded: (in thousands) Commercial and industrial $ 154 $ 158 $ 100 $ 159 $ 4 Residential real estate: Residential 60 60 9 59 1 Construction - - - - - Commercial real estate: Commercial 171 717 16 191 - Construction 1,538 1,555 329 1,642 - Home equities 109 109 41 109 - Consumer and other - - - - - Total impaired loans $ 2,032 $ 2,599 $ 495 $ 2,160 $ 5 At December 31, 2021 2021 Recorded Investment Unpaid Principal Balance Related Allowance Average Recorded Investment Interest Income Recognized Total: (in thousands) Commercial and industrial $ 5,028 $ 5,870 $ 100 $ 5,285 $ 26 Residential real estate: Residential 3,357 3,714 9 3,661 28 Construction - - - - - Commercial real estate: Commercial 8,992 10,055 16 11,414 270 Construction 2,933 3,054 329 2,786 - Home equities 1,236 1,433 41 1,428 12 Consumer and other - - - - - Total impaired loans $ 21,546 $ 24,126 $ 495 $ 24,574 $ 336 2020 Average Recorded Investment Interest Income Recognized With no related allowance recorded: With related allowance recorded: Total With no related allowance recorded: With related allowance recorded: Total Commercial and industrial $ 1,952 $ 4,938 $ 6,890 $ 8 $ 25 $ 33 Residential real estate: Residential 3,754 - 3,754 60 - 60 Construction - - - - - - Commercial real estate: Commercial 12,397 2,943 15,340 209 10 219 Construction 1,315 1,556 2,871 - 53 53 Home equities 1,565 109 1,674 23 1 24 Consumer and other - 3 3 - - - Total impaired loans $ 20,983 $ 9,549 $ 30,532 $ 300 $ 89 $ 389 As management identifies impaired loans that are collateral dependent, new appraisals are ordered to determine the fair value of the collateral. It should also be noted that when estimating the fair value of collateral for the purpose of performing an impairment test, management further reduces the appraised value of the collateral to account for estimated selling or carrying costs, age of the appraisal, if applicable, or any other perceived market or borrower-specific risks to the value of the collateral. The interest income in the preceding table was interest income recognized on accruing TDRs and interest paid prior to loans being identified as non-accrual. Cash basis income on impaired loans is the same as interest income recognized for all periods presented in the preceding table. The Bank had no loan commitments to borrowers in non-accrual status at December 31, 2022 and 2021. Troubled debt restructurings (“TDRs”) The following tables summarize the loans that were classified as troubled debt restructurings as of the dates indicated: December 31, 2022 (in thousands) Total Nonaccruing Accruing Related Allowance Commercial and industrial $ 814 $ 735 $ 79 $ - Residential real estate: Residential 875 530 345 - Construction - - - - Commercial real estate: Commercial and multi-family 2,803 - 2,803 - Construction - - - - Home equities 387 5 382 - Consumer and other - - - - Total TDR loans $ 4,879 $ 1,270 $ 3,609 $ - December 31, 2021 (in thousands) Total Nonaccruing Accruing Related Allowance Commercial and industrial $ 1,003 $ 876 $ 127 $ - Residential real estate: Residential 989 627 362 - Construction - - - - Commercial real estate: Commercial and multi-family 3,236 - 3,236 - Construction - - - - Home equities 490 12 478 - Consumer and other - - - - Total TDR loans $ 5,718 $ 1,515 $ 4,203 $ - Any TDR that is placed on non-accrual is not reverted back to accruing status until the borrower makes timely payments as contracted for at least six months and future collection under the revised terms is probable. All of the Company’s restructurings were allowed in an effort to maximize its ability to collect on loans where borrowers were experiencing financial difficulty. The reserve for a TDR is based upon the present value of the future expected cash flows discounted at the loan’s original effective interest rate or upon the fair value of the collateral less costs to sell, if the loan is deemed collateral dependent. This reserve methodology is used because all TDR loans are considered impaired. The Company’s TDRs have various agreements that involve deferral of principal payments, or interest-only payments, for a period (usually 12 months or less) to allow the borrower time to improve cash flow or sell the property. Other common concessions leading to the designation of a TDR are lines of credit that are termed-out and/or extensions of maturities at rates that are less than the prevailing market rates given the risk profile of the borrower. The following tables show the data for TDR activity by type of concession granted to the borrower during 2022 and 2021: Year ended December 31, 2022 Year ended December 31, 2021 (Recorded Investment in thousands) (Recorded Investment in thousands) Troubled Debt Restructurings by Type of Concession Number of Contracts Pre-Modification Outstanding Recorded Investment Post-Modification Outstanding Recorded Investment Number of Contracts Pre-Modification Outstanding Recorded Investment Post-Modification Outstanding Recorded Investment Commercial and Industrial: Extension of maturity 1 $ 461 $ 461 - $ - $ - Residential Real Estate & Construction Commercial Real Estate & Construction Home Equities: - - - - - - Extension of maturity and interest rate reduction 1 38 38 - - - Consumer and other loans - - - - - - Modifications made to loans in a troubled debt restructuring did not have a material impact on the Company’s net income for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021. All of the C&I and commercial real estate TDRs were already considered impaired and sufficiently reserved for prior to being identified as a TDR. The general practice of the Bank is to work with borrowers so that they are able to repay their loan in full. If a borrower continues to be delinquent or cannot meet the terms of a TDR and the loan is determined to be uncollectible, the loan will be charged-off to its collateral value. A loan is considered in default when the loan is 90 days past due. Loans which were classified as TDRs during the preceding twelve months and which subsequently defaulted during the twelve-month periods ended December 31, 2022 and 2021 were not material. Commitments to lend additional amounts on loans classified as TDRs were not material as of December 31, 2022 and 2021. |