Loans and Allowance for Loan Losses | Note 5. Loans and Allowance for Loan Losses Loans held for investment outstanding at December 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018 are summarized as follows: (Dollars in thousands) December 31, 2019 December 31, Commercial and industrial $ 77,282 $ 49,076 Agricultural 446 216 Real estate – construction, commercial 38,039 14,666 Real estate – construction, residential 26,778 15,102 Real estate – mortgage, commercial 251,824 150,513 Real estate – mortgage, residential 208,494 149,856 Real estate – mortgage, farmland 5,507 4,179 Consumer installment loans 39,202 31,979 Gross loans 647,572 415,587 Less: Unearned income (738 ) (719 ) Total $ 646,834 $ 414,868 The Company has pledged loans held for investment (in thousands) as collateral for borrowings with the FHLB totaling $146,075 and $104,791 as of December 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively. During 2019, as a result of the Company’s acquisition of VCB, the acquired loan portfolio was initially measured at fair value and subsequently accounted for under either ASC Topic 310-30 or ASC 310-20. The outstanding principal balance and related carrying amount of these acquired loans included in the consolidated statement of condition as of December 31, 2019 is as follows: (Dollars in thousands) December 31, 2019 Purchased credit impaired acquired VCB loans evaluated individually for future credit losses Outstanding principal balance $ 1,504 Carrying amount 1,315 Other acquired VCB loans Outstanding principal balance 172,279 Carrying amount 170,151 Total acquired VCB loans Outstanding principal balance 173,783 Carrying amount 171,466 The following table presents changes for the year ended December 31, 2019 in the accretable yield on the VCB purchased credit impaired loans for which the Company applies ASC 310-30: (Dollars in thousands) December 31, 2019 Balance at January 1, 2019 $ — Accretable yield at acquisition date 190 Accretion (3 ) Other changes, net 1 Balance at December 31, 2019 $ 188 The following table presents the aging of the recorded investment of past due loans as of December 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018: December 31, 2019 (Dollars in thousands) 30-59 Days Past Due 60-89 Days Past Due Greater than 90 Days Past Due & Accruing Nonaccrual Total Past Due & Nonaccrual Current Loans Total Loans Commercial and industrial $ 1,652 $ — $ — $ 441 $ 2,093 $ 75,189 $ 77,282 Real estate – construction, commercial 820 — — 929 1,749 36,290 38,039 Real estate – construction, residential 241 — — — 241 26,537 26,778 Real estate – mortgage, commercial 3,194 — — 1,931 5,125 246,699 251,824 Real estate – mortgage, residential 319 217 369 713 1,618 206,876 208,494 Agricultural & Farmland — — — — — 5,953 5,953 Consumer installment loans 894 408 — 776 2,078 37,124 39,202 Less: Unearned income — — — — — (738 ) (738 ) $ 7,120 $ 625 $ 369 $ 4,790 $ 12,904 $ 633,930 $ 646,834 December 31, 2018 (Dollars in thousands) 30-59 Days Past Due 60-89 Days Past Due Greater than 90 Days Past Due & Accruing Nonaccrual Total Past Due & Nonaccrual Current Loans Total Loans Commercial and industrial $ 280 $ 29 $ — $ 312 $ 621 $ 48,455 $ 49,076 Real estate – construction, commercial — — — 979 979 13,687 14,666 Real estate – construction, residential — — 231 — 231 14,871 15,102 Real estate – mortgage, commercial 218 441 430 2,441 3,530 146,983 150,513 Real estate – mortgage, residential 760 7 1,079 1,441 3,287 146,569 149,856 Agricultural & Farmland 123 — 309 — 432 3,963 4,395 Consumer installment loans 1,017 408 4 357 1,786 30,193 31,979 Less: Unearned income — — — — — (719 ) (719 ) $ 2,398 $ 885 $ 2,053 $ 5,530 $ 10,866 $ 404,002 $ 414,868 A summary of changes in the allowance for loans losses for December 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018 is as follows: (Dollars in thousands) December 31, 2019 December 31, 2018 Allowance, beginning of period $ 3,580 $ 2,802 Charge-Offs Commercial and industrial $ (43 ) $ (5 ) Real estate, mortgage (4 ) (13 ) Consumer and other loans (914 ) (545 ) Total charge-offs (961 ) (563 ) Recoveries Real estate, mortgage 6 12 Consumer and other loans 205 104 Total recoveries 211 116 Net charge-offs (recoveries) (750 ) (447 ) Provision for loan losses 1,742 1,225 Allowance, end of period $ 4,572 $ 3,580 The following tables summarize the primary segments of the ALLL, segregated into the amount required for loans individually evaluated for impairment and the amount required for loans collectively evaluated for impairment as of December 31, 2019 and 2018. December 31, 2019 (Dollars in thousands) Commercial and Industrial Real Estate- Construction Commercial Real Estate- Construction Residential Real Estate- Mortgage Commercial Real Estate- Mortgage Residential Agricultural & Farmland Consumer Installment Loans Total ALLL Balance December 31, 2018 $ 572 $ 112 $ 56 1,180 $ 434 $ 13 $ 1,213 $ 3,580 Charge-offs (43 ) — — (3 ) (1 ) — (914 ) (961 ) Recoveries — — — — 6 — 205 211 Provision 312 108 4 427 71 (4 ) 824 1,742 ALLL Balance December 31, 2019 $ 841 $ 220 $ 60 $ 1,604 $ 509 $ 9 $ 1,329 $ 4,572 Individually evaluated for impairment 143 — — 98 — — — 241 Collectively evaluated for impairment $ 698 $ 220 $ 60 $ 1,506 $ 509 $ 9 $ 1,330 $ 4,331 December 31, 2018 (Dollars in thousands) Commercial and Industrial Real Estate- Construction Commercial Real Estate- Construction Residential Real Estate- Mortgage Commercial Real Estate- Mortgage Residential Agricultural & Farmland Consumer Installment Loans Total ALLL Balance December 31, 2017 $ 494 $ 93 $ 36 809 $ 405 $ 13 $ 952 $ 2,802 Charge-offs (5 ) — — — (13 ) — (545 ) (563 ) Recoveries — — — 12 — — 104 116 Provision 83 19 20 359 42 — 702 1,225 ALLL Balance December 31, 2018 $ 572 $ 112 $ 56 $ 1,180 $ 434 $ 13 $ 1,213 $ 3,580 Individually evaluated for impairment — — — — — — — — Collectively evaluated for impairment $ 572 $ 112 $ 56 $ 1,180 $ 434 $ 13 $ 1,213 $ 3,580 A summary of the loan portfolio individually and collectively evaluated for impairment (in thousands) for December 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018 is as follows: (Dollars in thousands) Individually Evaluated for Impairment Collectively Evaluated for Impairment Total December 31, 2019 Commercial and industrial $ 280 $ 77,002 $ 77,282 Agricultural — 446 446 Real Estate – construction, commercial — 38,039 38,039 Real Estate – construction, residential — 26,778 26,778 Real Estate – mortgage, commercial 733 251,091 251,824 Real Estate – mortgage, residential 395 208,099 208,494 Real Estate – mortgage, farmland — 5,507 5,507 Consumer installment loans — 39,202 39,202 Gross loans 1,408 646,164 647,572 Less: Unearned income — (738) (738) Total $ 1,408 $ 645,426 $ 646,834 (Dollars in thousands) Individually Evaluated for Impairment Collectively Evaluated for Impairment Total December 31, 2018 Commercial and industrial $ — $ 49,076 $ 49,076 Agricultural — 216 216 Real Estate – construction, commercial — 14,666 14,666 Real Estate – construction, residential — 15,102 15,102 Real Estate – mortgage, commercial 1,258 149,255 150,513 Real Estate – mortgage residential 688 149,168 149,856 Real Estate – mortgage, farmland — 4,179 4,179 Consumer installment loans — 31,979 31,979 Gross loans 1,946 413,641 415,587 Less: Unearned income — (719) (719) Total $ 1,946 $ 412,922 $ 414,868 The following table presents information related to impaired loans, by portfolio segment, at the dates presented. December 31, 2019 (Dollars in thousands) Recorded Investment Unpaid Principal Balance Related Allowance Average Recorded Investment Interest Income Recognized With no specific allowance recorded: Real estate – mortgage, residential $ 395 $ 395 $ — $ 527 $ 7 With an allowance recorded: Commercial and industrial 280 280 143 286 2 Real estate – mortgage, commercial 733 733 98 734 5 $ 1,408 $ 1,408 $ 241 $ 1,547 $ 14 December 31, 2018 (Dollars in thousands) Recorded Investment Unpaid Principal Balance Related Allowance Average Recorded Investment Interest Income Recognized With no specific allowance recorded: Real estate – mortgage, residential $ 1,946 $ 1,946 $ — $ 2,067 $ 64 With an allowance recorded: — — — — — $ 1,946 $ 1,946 $ — $ 2,067 $ 64 Purchased loans from the 2016 River Bancorp, Inc. acquisition had remaining balances (in thousands) of $19,686 and 34,672 as of December 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively. Of these balances, three loan relationships were considered specifically impaired PCI loans. One of these relationships was resolved during 2018 and the Company recovered $200 of the balance previously written-off. During the first quarter of 2019, another loan relationship was resolved and the Company recovered $200 of the balance previously written-off. At December 31, 2019, the remaining specifically impaired PCI loans totaled $2,270 with a specific impairment of $190. The following table presents the recorded investment in the segments of the River Bancorp, Inc. purchased loans as of December 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018: (Dollars in thousands) December 31, 2019 December 31, 2018 Real Estate Construction loans and all land development and other land loans $ 1,397 $ 1,522 Secured by farmland — 319 Revolving, open-end loans secured by 1-4 family residential properties and extended under lines of credit 2,709 3,376 Secured by first liens 6,971 10,448 Secured by junior liens 394 505 Secured by multifamily (5 or more) residential properties 63 250 Loans secured by owner-occupied, nonfarm nonresidential properties 4,459 7,344 Loans secured by other nonfarm nonresidential properties 2,322 6,239 Commercial and Industrial 1,272 4,457 Other revolving credit plans 26 89 Automobile loans 10 30 Other consumer loans 63 93 Total $ 19,686 $ 34,672 The following table shows the Company’s loan portfolio broken down by internal loan grade as of December 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018: December 31, 2019 (Dollars in thousands) Grade 1 Prime Grade 2 Desirable Grade 3 Good Grade 4 Acceptable Grade 5 Pass/Watch Grade 6 Special Mention Grade 7 Substandard Total Commercial and industrial $ 1,509 $ 924 $ 35,012 $ 37,298 $ 568 $ 1,488 $ 483 $ 77,282 Agricultural — 118 168 160 — — — 446 Real Estate – construction, commercial — 1,454 24,667 10,850 102 — 966 38,039 Real Estate – construction, residential — 139 9,355 14,331 2,953 — — 26,778 Real Estate – mortgage, commercial — 4,971 118,488 114,598 9,273 1,935 2,559 251,824 Real Estate – mortgage residential — 4,611 100,665 98,116 3,470 130 1,502 208,494 Real Estate – mortgage, farmland 1,467 134 1,736 2,170 — — — 5,507 Consumer installment loans 293 72 17,872 20,067 116 — 782 39,202 Gross loans 3,269 12,423 307,963 297,590 16,482 3,553 6,292 647,572 Less: Unearned income 738 Total $ 646,834 December 31, 2018 (Dollars in thousands) Grade 1 Prime Grade 2 Desirable Grade 3 Good Grade 4 Acceptable Grade 5 Pass/Watch Grade 6 Special Mention Grade 7 Substandard Total Commercial and industrial $ 2,660 $ 21,009 $ 24,254 $ 797 $ — $ 312 $ 49,076 Agricultural 9 99 105 3 — — — 216 Real Estate – construction, commercial — 485 7,118 5,937 106 — 1,020 14,666 Real Estate – construction, residential — — 4,305 5,059 5,738 — — 15,102 Real Estate – mortgage, commercial — 1,920 82,097 53,487 8,470 1,668 2,871 150,513 Real Estate – mortgage residential — 3,647 76,496 63,397 3,805 522 1,989 149,856 Real Estate – mortgage, farmland 1,700 100 1,340 730 — — 309 4,179 Consumer installment loans 213 29 16,174 15,081 123 — 359 31,979 Gross loans 1,966 8,940 208,644 167,948 19,039 2,190 6,860 415,587 Less: Unearned income 719 Total $ 414,868 The Company categorizes loans into risk categories based on relevant information about the ability of borrowers to service their debt such as current financial information, historical payment experience, collateral adequacy, credit documentation, and current economic trends, among other factors. The Company analyzes loans individually by classifying the loans as to credit risk. This analysis typically includes larger, non-homogeneous loans such as commercial real estate and commercial and industrial loans. This analysis is performed on an ongoing basis as new information is obtained. The Company uses the following definitions for risk ratings: Risk Grade 1 – Prime Loans: This grade is reserved for only the strongest of loans. These loans are to individuals or corporations that are well known to the bank and are always secured with an almost guaranteed source of repayment such as a lien on a bank certificate of deposit or savings account. Character, credit history, and ability of individuals or company principals are excellent and unquestioned. Source of income and industry of borrower appears stable. High liquidity, minimum risk, good ratios and low handling cost. Risk Grade 2 – Desirable Loans: This grade is reserved for new loans that are within guidelines and where the borrowers have documented significant overall financial strength. A liquid financial statement is generally a financial statement with substantial liquid assets, particularly relative to the debts. These loans have excellent sources of repayment, with no significant identifiable risk of collection, and conform in all respects to policy, guidelines, underwriting standards, and federal and state regulations (no exceptions of any kind). Risk Grade 3 – Good Loans: This grade is reserved for loans which exhibit satisfactory credit risk. These loans have adequate sources of repayment, with little identifiable risk of collection. Generally, loans assigned this risk grade will demonstrate the following characteristics: (1) conformity in all respects with policy, guidelines, underwriting standards, and federal and state regulations (no exceptions of any kind), (2) documented historical cash flow that meets or exceeds required minimum Blue Ridge Bank guidelines, or that can be supplemented with verifiable cash flow from other sources, and (3) adequate secondary sources to liquidate the debt, including combinations of liquidity, liquidation of collateral, or liquidation value to the net worth of the borrower or guarantor. Risk Grade 4 – Acceptable Loans: This grade is given to satisfactory loans containing more risk than Risk Grade 3 loans. These loans have adequate sources of repayment, with little identifiable risk of collection. Loans assigned this risk grade will demonstrate the following characteristics: (1) general conformity to Blue Ridge Bank's underwriting requirements, with limited exceptions to policy, product or underwriting guidelines. All exceptions noted have documented mitigating factors that offset any additional risk associated with the exceptions noted, (2) documented historical cash flow that meets or exceeds required minimum guidelines, or that can be supplemented with verifiable cash flow from other sources, and (3) adequate secondary sources to liquidate the debt, including combinations of liquidity, liquidation of collateral, or liquidation value to the net worth of the borrower or guarantor. Risk Grade 5 – Pass/Watch Loans: This grade is for satisfactory loans containing acceptable but elevated risk. These loans are characterized by borrowers who have a marginal cash flow, marginal profitability, or have experienced an unprofitable year and declining financial condition. The borrower has in the past satisfactorily handled debts with the bank, but in recent months has either been late, delinquent in making payments, or made sporadic payments. While the bank continues to be adequately secured, margins have decreased or are decreasing, despite the borrower’s continued satisfactory condition. These loans require more diligent monitoring due to characteristics such as: (1) additional exceptions to Blue Ridge Bank's policy requirements, product guidelines or underwriting standards that present a higher degree of risk, (2) unproved, insufficient or marginal primary sources of repayment that appear sufficient to service the debt at this time, and (3) marginal or unproven secondary sources to liquidate the debt, including combinations of liquidation of collateral and liquidation value to the net worth of the borrower or guarantor. Risk Grade 6 – Special Mention: This grade is for loans classified as Special Mention. They have potential weaknesses that deserve management's close attention. If left uncorrected, these potential weaknesses may result in deterioration of the repayment prospects for the asset or in the institution's credit position at some future date. Special Mention assets are not adversely classified and do not expose an institution to sufficient risk to warrant adverse classification. Special mention credits typically exhibit underwriting guideline tolerances and/or exceptions with no mitigating factors, or emerging weaknesses that may or may not be cured as time passes. Risk Grade 7 – Substandard: A substandard loan is inadequately protected by the current sound net worth and paying capacity of the obligor or of the collateral pledged, if any. Loans classified as substandard must have a well-defined weakness or weaknesses that jeopardize the liquidation of the debt; they are characterized by the distinct possibility that the institution will sustain some loss if the deficiencies are not corrected. Loans consistently not meeting the repayment schedule should be downgraded to substandard. Loans in this category are characterized by deterioration in quality exhibited by any number of well-defined weaknesses requiring corrective action. The weaknesses may include, but are not limited to: (1) high debt to worth ratios, (2) declining or negative earnings trends, (3) declining or inadequate liquidity, (4) improper loan structure, (5) questionable repayment sources, (6) lack of well-defined secondary repayment source, and (7) unfavorable competitive comparisons. Such loans are no longer considered to be adequately protected due to the borrower's declining net worth, lack of earnings capacity, declining collateral margins and/or unperfected collateral positions. A possibility of loss of a portion of the loan balance cannot be ruled out. The repayment ability of the borrower is marginal or weak and the loan may have exhibited excessive overdue status or extensions and/or renewals. Risk Grade 8 – Doubtful: Loans classified Doubtful have all the weaknesses inherent in loans classified Substandard, plus the added characteristic that the weaknesses make collection or liquidation in full on the basis of currently existing facts, conditions, and values highly questionable and improbable. However, these loans are not yet rated as loss because certain events may occur which would salvage the debt. Among these events are: (1) injection of capital, (2) alternative financing, (3) liquidation of assets or the pledging of additional collateral, and (4) the ability of the borrower to service the debt is extremely weak, overdue status is constant, the debt has been placed on non-accrual status, and no definite repayment schedule exists. Doubtful is a temporary grade where a loss is expected but is presently not quantified with any degree of accuracy. Once the loss position is determined, the amount is charged off. Risk Grade 9 – Loss: Loans classified Loss are considered uncollectable and of such little value that their continuance as assets is not warranted. This classification does not mean that the asset has absolutely no recovery or salvage value, but rather that it is not practical or desirable to defer writing off this worthless loan even though partial recovery may be effected in the future. Probable Loss portions of Doubtful assets should be charged against the reserve for loan losses. Loans may reside in this classification for administrative purposes for a period not to exceed the earlier of thirty (30) days or calendar quarter-end. There were no loans classified as Doubtful or Loss at December 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018. |