Investments | Note 3. Investments Fixed Maturity and Equity Securities The amortized cost/cost and estimated fair value of investments in fixed maturity and equity AFS securities at December 31, 2015 and 2014 were: December 31, 2015 Amortized Gross Unrealized Estimated OTTI in AOCI (a) Gains Losses Fair Value Fixed maturity AFS securities Corporate securities $ 977,900 $ 57,648 $ (18,756 ) $ 1,016,792 $ - Asset-backed securities 118,993 4,140 (479 ) 122,654 (42) Commercial mortgage-backed securities 70,083 1,904 (304 ) 71,683 - Residential mortgage-backed securities 56,527 2,819 (81 ) 59,265 - Municipals 913 - (106 ) 807 - Government and government agencies United States 339,686 46,634 (32 ) 386,288 - Foreign 6,591 1,257 - 7,848 - Total fixed maturity AFS securities $ 1,570,693 $ 114,402 $ (19,758 ) $ 1,665,337 $ (42) Equity securities Banking securities $ 27,986 $ 1,769 $ (1,082 ) $ 28,673 $ - Industrial securities 5,791 203 - 5,994 - Total equity securities $ 33,777 $ 1,972 $ (1,082 ) $ 34,667 $ - December 31, 2014 Gross Unrealized Estimated Amortized Gains Losses Fair Value OTTI (a) Fixed maturity AFS securities Corporate securities $ 1,095,082 $ 89,852 $ (7,525 ) $ 1,177,409 $ - Asset-backed securities 127,803 5,743 (386 ) 133,160 (97) Commercial mortgage-backed securities 96,594 4,341 (134 ) 100,801 - Residential mortgage-backed securities 42,205 3,244 (2 ) 45,447 - Municipals 916 - (116 ) 800 - Government and government agencies United States 334,448 65,805 (2 ) 400,251 - Foreign 8,673 1,372 - 10,045 - Total fixed maturity AFS securities $ 1,705,721 $ 170,357 $ (8,165 ) $ 1,867,913 $ (97) Equity securities Banking securities $ 28,137 $ 2,135 $ (570 ) $ 29,702 $ - Industrial securities 5,791 465 - 6,256 - Total equity securities $ 33,928 $ 2,600 $ (570 ) $ 35,958 $ - (a) Represents OTTI in AOCI, which were not included in earnings. Amount excludes $2,515 and $3,202 of unrealized gains at December 31, 2015 and 2014, respectively. Excluding investments in U.S. government and government agencies, the Company is not exposed to any significant concentration of credit risk in its fixed maturity securities portfolio. The amortized cost and estimated fair value of fixed maturity AFS securities by investment grade at December 31, 2015 and 2014 were: December 31, 2015 December 31, 2014 Amortized Estimated Value Amortized Estimated Value Investment grade $ 1,467,677 $ 1,565,053 $ 1,615,944 $ 1,776,153 Below investment grade 103,016 100,284 89,777 91,760 Total fixed maturity AFS securities $ 1,570,693 $ 1,665,337 $ 1,705,721 $ 1,867,913 At December 31, 2015 and 2014, the estimated fair value of fixed maturity securities rated BBB- was $79,958 and $107,865, respectively, which is the lowest investment grade rating given by S&P. Below investment grade securities are speculative and are subject to significantly greater risks related to the creditworthiness of the issuers and the liquidity of the market for such securities. The Company closely monitors such investments. The amortized cost and estimated fair value of fixed maturity AFS securities at December 31, 2015 and 2014 by contractual maturities were: December 31, 2015 December 31, 2014 Amortized Estimated Value Amortized Estimated Value Fixed maturity AFS securities Due in one year or less $ 64,114 $ 65,086 $ 61,405 $ 62,356 Due after one year through five years 564,707 599,965 480,098 514,063 Due after five years through ten years 230,858 230,815 453,522 481,957 Due after ten years 465,410 515,868 444,094 530,129 1,325,089 1,411,734 1,439,119 1,588,505 Mortgage-backed securities and other asset-backed securities 245,604 253,603 266,602 279,408 Total fixed maturity AFS securities $ 1,570,693 $ 1,665,337 $ 1,705,721 $ 1,867,913 In the preceding table fixed maturity securities not due at a single maturity date, have been included in the year of final maturity. Actual maturities may differ from contractual maturities because borrowers may have the right to call or prepay obligations with or without call or prepayment penalties. The Company had investment securities with an estimated fair value of $14,629 and $20,484 that were deposited with insurance regulatory authorities at December 31, 2015 and 2014, respectively. Unrealized Gains (Losses) on Fixed Maturity and Equity Securities The Company’s investments in fixed maturity and equity securities classified as AFS are carried at estimated fair value with unrealized gains and losses included in stockholder’s equity as a component of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), net of taxes. The estimated fair value and gross unrealized losses and OTTI related to fixed maturity and equity AFS securities aggregated by length of time that individual securities have been in a continuous unrealized loss position at December 31, 2015 and 2014 were as follows: December 31, 2015 Estimated Amortized Gross (a) Less than or equal to six months Fixed maturity AFS securities Corporate securities $ 130,718 $ 139,846 $ (9,128 ) Asset-backed securities 59,051 59,312 (261 ) Commercial mortgage-backed securities 17,185 17,450 (265 ) Residential mortgage-backed securities 3,896 3,966 (70 ) Government and government agencies - United States 18,484 18,516 (32 ) Total fixed maturity and equity securities 229,334 239,090 (9,756 ) Greater than six months but less than or equal to one year Fixed maturity AFS securities Corporate securities 27,872 30,597 (2,725 ) Asset-backed securities 455 463 (8 ) Commercial mortgage-backed securities 988 1,028 (40 ) Residential mortgage-backed securities 1,020 1,030 (10 ) Total fixed maturity and equity securities 30,335 33,118 (2,783 ) Greater than one year Fixed maturity AFS securities Corporate securities 8,628 15,531 (6,903 ) Asset-backed securities 4,788 4,999 (211 ) Residential mortgage-backed securities 39 40 (1 ) Municipals 808 912 (104 ) Equity securities - banking securities 9,214 10,296 (1,082 ) Total fixed maturity and equity securities 23,477 31,778 (8,301 ) Total fixed maturity and equity securities $ 283,146 $ 303,986 $ (20,840 ) December 31, 2014 Estimated Amortized Gross (a) Less than or equal to six months Fixed maturity AFS securities Corporate securities $ 60,583 $ 64,799 $ (4,216 ) Asset-backed securities 70,078 70,188 (110 ) Commercial mortgage-backed securities 528 529 (1 ) Government and government agencies - United States 9,310 9,312 (2 ) Equity securities - banking securities 8,050 8,500 (450 ) Total fixed maturity and equity securities 148,549 153,328 (4,779 ) Greater than six months but less than or equal to one year Fixed maturity AFS securities Corporate securities 3,363 3,783 (420 ) Residential mortgage-backed securities 9 9 - Total fixed maturity and equity securities 3,372 3,792 (420 ) Greater than one year Fixed maturity AFS securities Corporate securities 44,656 47,545 (2,889 ) Asset-backed securities 6,721 6,997 (276 ) Commercial mortgage-backed securities 8,504 8,637 (133 ) Residential mortgage-backed securities 59 61 (2 ) Municipals 800 916 (116 ) Equity securities - banking securities 1,676 1,796 (120 ) Total fixed maturity and equity securities 62,416 65,952 (3,536 ) Total fixed maturity and equity securities $ 214,337 $ 223,072 $ (8,735 ) (a) Subsequent unrealized gains (losses) on OTTI securities are included in OCI-OTTI. The total number of securities in an unrealized loss position was 133 and 95 at December 31, 2015 and 2014, respectively. There were five securities in a continuous unrealized loss position where fair value had declined below amortized cost by more than 20% at December 31, 2015. The securities had an estimated fair value of $11,372 with an unrealized loss of ($4,052). There were four securities in a continuous unrealized loss position where the fair value had declined below amortized cost by more than 40% at December 31, 2015. The securities had an estimated fair value of $5,357 with an unrealized loss of ($7,279). There were two securities in a continuous unrealized loss position where fair value had declined below amortized cost by more than 20% at December 31, 2014. The securities had an estimated fair value of $3,221 with an unrealized loss of ($2,665). Unrealized gains (losses) incurred during the years ended December 31, 2015 and 2014 were primarily due to price fluctuations resulting from changes in interest rates and credit spreads. If the Company has the intent to sell or it is more likely than not that the Company will be required to sell these securities prior to the anticipated recovery of the amortized cost, securities are written down to fair value. If cash flow models indicate a credit event will impact future cash flows, the security is impaired to discounted cash flows. As the remaining unrealized losses in the portfolio relate to holdings where the Company expects to receive full principal and interest, the Company does not consider the underlying investments to be impaired. The components of net unrealized gains (losses) and OTTI included in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), net of taxes, at December 31, 2015 and 2014 were as follows: December 31, 2015 2014 Assets Fixed maturity securities $ 94,644 $ 162,192 Equity securities 890 2,030 Cash flow hedges 4,202 2,296 Value of business acquired (21,812 ) (35,943 ) 77,924 130,575 Liabilities Income taxes - deferred (21,333 ) (21,333 ) (21,333 ) (21,333 ) Stockholder’s equity Accumulated other comprehensive income, net of taxes $ 56,591 $ 109,242 The Company records certain adjustments to policyholder account balances in conjunction with the unrealized holding gains or losses on investments classified as available for sale. The Company adjusts a portion of these liabilities as if the unrealized holding gains or losses had actually been realized, with corresponding credits or charges reported in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), net of taxes. At December 31, 2015 and 2014, there were no adjustments to policyholder account balances in conjunction with the unrealized holding gains or losses on investments classified as available-for-sale. Mortgage Loans on Real Estate Mortgage loans on real estate consist entirely of mortgages on commercial real estate. Prepayment premiums are collected when borrowers elect to prepay their debt prior to the stated maturity, and are included in net realized investment gains (losses), excluding OTTI on securities, in the Statements of Income. There was $335 of prepayment premiums collected for the year ended December 31, 2015. There were no prepayment premiums for the year ended December 31, 2014. Loans are considered impaired when it is probable that based upon current information and events, the Company will be unable to collect all amounts due under the contractual terms of the loan agreement. A valuation allowance is established for the excess carrying value of an impaired loan over its estimated collateral value. In addition to the valuation allowance for specific loans, a general reserve is estimated based on a percent of the outstanding loan balance. The general reserve at December 31, 2015 and 2014 was $78 and $36, respectively. The change in the reserve is reflected in net realized investment gains (losses), excluding OTTI on securities, in the Statements of Income. There were no impaired mortgage loans at December 31, 2015 or 2014. The change in the credit loss allowances on mortgage loans by type of property for the years ended at December 31 was as follows: December 31, Commercial 2015 2014 Balance at beginning of period $ 36 $ 27 Provision 42 9 Balance at end of period $ 78 $ 36 The commercial mortgages are geographically diversified throughout the United States with the largest concentrations in Pennsylvania, California, Missouri, Virginia, New Hampshire, Washington, Florida, and Minnesota, which account for approximately 72% of mortgage loans at December 31, 2015. The credit quality of mortgage loans by type of property at December 31 was as follows: December 31, Commercial 2015 2014 AAA - AA $ 31,835 $ 21,378 A 49,084 45,325 BBB 9,090 - BBB - BB 2,983 - Total mortgage loans on real estate 92,992 66,703 Less: reserves (78 ) (36 ) Total mortgage loans on real estate, net $ 92,914 $ 66,667 The credit quality for the commercial mortgage loans was determined based on an internal credit rating model which assigns a letter rating to each mortgage loan in the portfolio as an indicator of the quality of the mortgage loan. The internal credit rating model was designed based on a rating agency methodology, then modified for credit risk associated with the Company’s mortgage lending process, taking into account such factors as projected future cash flows, net operating income, and collateral value. The model produces a rating score and an associated letter rating that is intended to align with S&P ratings as closely as possible. Information supporting the risk rating process is updated at least annually. While mortgage loans with a lower rating carry a higher risk of loss, adequate reserves for loan losses have been established to cover those risks. Securities Lending The following table provides a summary of the securities under securities lending agreements at December 31: December 31, 2015 2014 Payables for collateral under securities loaned $ 194,537 $ 265,236 Amortized cost of securities out on loan 162,698 215,195 Estimated fair value of securities out on loan 188,689 260,060 Reverse Repurchase Agreements The following table provides a summary of the securities under reverse repurchase agreements at December 31: December 31, 2015 2014 Payable for reverse repurchase agreements $ - $ 644 Amortized cost of securities pledged - 634 Estimated fair value of securities pledged - 646 Collateral Maturities of Reverse Repurchase Agreements and Securities LendingTransactions The following table provides a summary of collateral maturities of reverse repurchase agreements and securities lending transactions at December 31: December 31, 2015 Overnight and Up to 30 days Total Reverse repurchase agreements U.S. Treasury and agency securities - - - Residential mortgage-backed securities $ - $ - $ - Total - - - Securities lending transactions U.S. Treasury and agency securities 155,586 - 155,586 Corporate securities 19,786 - 19,786 Equity securities - banking 13,317 - 13,317 Total 188,689 - 188,689 Total Borrowings $ 188,689 $ - $ 188,689 Gross amount of recognized liabilities for repurchase agreements and securities lending in balance sheets $ 194,537 Derivatives and Hedge Accounting The Company uses several types of derivatives to manage the capital market risk associated with the GMWB. S&P futures contracts and interest rate futures contracts are used to hedge the equity risk and interest rate risk, respectively, associated with these types of variable guaranteed products, in particular the claim and/or revenue risks of the liability portfolio. Net settlements on the futures occur daily. The realized gains (losses) on settlement of these futures are recorded in net derivative gains (losses) in the Statements of Income. The Company uses variance swaps to hedge equity risk. During 2013, the Company also entered into total return swaps that are based on the S&P. The Company recognizes gains (losses) from the change in the fair value of the variance swaps and total return swaps in net derivative gains (losses) in the Statements of Income. During the third quarter of 2013, the Company entered into cash flow hedging transactions on Treasury Inflation Protected Securities (“TIPS”) utilizing interest rate swaps to lengthen portfolio duration and to hedge the variability of cash flows due to changes in inflation. The Company recognizes hedge ineffectiveness gains (losses) from the difference of the change in fair value of the swap and the change in fair value of the underlying Treasury in net derivative gains (losses) in the Statements of Income. During the fourth quarter of 2014, the Company began writing credit default swaps enabling the Company to change the risk profile of the assets in the portfolio by enhancing the overall yield. As a writer of credit default swaps, the Company actively monitors the underlying asset, being careful to note any events (default or similar credit event) that would require the Company to perform on the credit default swap. If such events would take place, the Company has recourse provisions from the proceeds of the bankruptcy settlement of the underlying entity or by the sale of the underlying bond. In the event the representative issuer defaults on its debt obligation referenced in the contract, a payment equal to the notional amount of the contract will be made by the Company and recognized in net derivative gains (losses) in the Statement of Income. During the fourth quarter of 2015, the Company entered into fixed-to-float and float-to-fixed interest rate swaps in order to hedge the interest rate risk on the underlying liability. The Company holds these contracts at fair market value, and gains (losses) related to changes in fair value are recognized in net derivative gains (losses) in the Statements of Income. The Company also uses an option strategy to hedge equity risk. These derivatives were purchased in the second quarter of 2015 as part of a hedging program which hedges a specific range of equity market decline. The strategy has limited profitability but also limited risk characteristics due to the structure of the package of put options. The Company recognizes gains (losses) from the change in fair value of the options in net derivative gains (losses) in the Statements of Income. The following table presents the notional and fair value for hedging instruments as of December 31, 2015 and 2014: Notional Fair Value December 31, December 31, Derivative Type 2015 2014 2015 2014 Non-qualifying hedges Short futures $ 47,221 $ 49,873 $ - $ - Long futures 51,573 - - - Interest rate swaps 192,000 - (2,228 ) - Variance swaps 675 1,059 (1,525 ) (3,243 ) Total return swaps 1,315,900 852,910 (1,429 ) (17,941 ) Options 587,046 - 11,055 - Credit default swaps 210,000 170,000 65 2,017 Total non-qualifying hedges 2,404,415 1,073,842 5,938 (19,167 ) Cash flow hedges Interest rate swaps 49,884 49,884 3,285 1,478 Total cash flow hedges 49,884 49,884 3,285 1,478 Derivative Total $ 2,454,299 $ 1,123,726 $ 9,223 $ (17,689 ) The following table presents the net derivative gains (losses) recognized in the Statements of Income: Net Derivative Gains (Losses) Recognized In Income December 31, Derivative Type 2015 2014 2013 Short futures $ (2,002 ) $ (7,819 ) $ (33,021 ) Long futures (1,029 ) - 41,073 Variance swaps (2,838 ) (5,118 ) (6,964 ) Total return swaps (36,481 ) (60,439 ) 26,941 Options (puts and calls) 7,650 - - Interest rate swaps (2,222 ) (77 ) (84 ) Equity Collar - - (287,845 ) Credit default swaps (535 ) (2,700 ) - Total $ (37,457 ) $ (76,153 ) $ (259,900 ) The following table presents the maximum potential amount of future payments, credit rating, and maturity dates for the credit default swaps at December 31, 2015 and 2014: Maximum Potential Future Payments Credit Rating Maturity Date Range Derivative Type December 31, 2015 Credit default swaps Corporate debt $ 120,000 A June 2017 - December 2020 Sovereign debt 90,000 AA-A June 2017 - March 2020 Credit default swaps total $ 210,000 Maximum Potential Future Payments Credit Rating Maturity Date Range Derivative Type December 31, 2014 Credit default swaps Corporate debt $ 100,000 A June 2017 - December 2020 Sovereign debt 70,000 A June 2017 - December Credit default swaps total $ 170,000 The following tables present the components of the gain or loss on derivatives that qualify as cash flow hedges: Gain (Loss) Recognized in Net Realized Gains (Losses) Recognized in OCI on Derivative (Effective Portion) Income on Derivative (Ineffective Portion) December 31, December 31, 2015 2014 2013 2015 2014 2013 Interest rate swaps $ 1,906 $ 483 $ 1,813 $ 5 $ (77 ) $ (84 ) Total $ 1,906 $ 483 $ 1,813 $ 5 $ (77 ) $ (84 ) Gain (Loss) Reclassified from AOCI into Income (Effective Portion) December 31, Location 2015 2014 2013 Interest rate swaps Net investment income $ (99 ) $ (761 ) $ (57 ) Total $ (99 ) $ (761 ) $ (57 ) All components of each derivative’s gain or loss were included in the assessment of hedge effectiveness. As of December 31, 2015, the amount of before-tax deferred net losses on derivatives recorded in AOCI that is expected to be reclassified to the Statements of Income during the next twelve months is ($99). This expectation is based on the anticipated interest payments on the hedged investments in TIPS that will occur over the next twelve months, at which time the Company will recognize the deferred gains (losses) as an adjustment to interest income over the term of the investment cash flows. The Company receives or pledges collateral related to these derivative transactions. The credit support agreement contains a fair value threshold of $1,000 over which collateral needs to be pledged by the Company or its counterparty. At December 31, 2015 and 2014, the Company has pledged securities in the amount of $16,439 and $27,862, respectively, to counterparties. At December 31, 2015 the Company held cash collateral received from counter parties in the amount of $11,405. The Company did not hold cash collateral received from counterparties at December 31, 2014. In addition, in order to trade futures, the Company is required to post collateral to an exchange (sometimes referred to as margin). The fair value of collateral posted in relation to the futures margin was $4,136 and $3,235 at December 31, 2015 and 2014, respectively. Offsetting of Financial Instruments The Company has derivative instruments that are subject to master netting agreements. These agreements include provisions to setoff positions with the same counterparties in the event of default by one of the parties. The following tables present the offsetting of derivative assets at December 31, 2015 and 2014: December 31, 2015 Gross Amounts Not Offset in the Description Gross Amounts of Gross Amounts Net Amounts of Financial Cash Collateral Net Amount Derivatives $ 38,125 $ 27,232 $ 10,893 $ 8,158 $ - $ 2,735 Total $ 38,125 $ 27,232 $ 10,893 $ 8,158 $ - $ 2,735 December 31, 2014 Gross Amounts Not Offset in the Description Gross Amounts of Gross Amounts Net Amounts of Balance Sheet Financial Cash Collateral Net Amount Derivatives $ 5,467 $ 4,412 $ 1,055 $ - $ - $ 1,055 Total $ 5,467 $ 4,412 $ 1,055 $ - $ - $ 1,055 The following tables present the offsetting of derivative liabilities at December 31, 2015 and 2014: December 31, 2015 Gross Amounts Not Offset in the Description Gross Amounts of Gross Amounts Net Amounts of Balance Sheet Financial Cash Collateral Net Amount Derivatives $ 28,902 $ 15,827 $ 13,075 $ 10,847 $ - $ 2,228 Total $ 28,902 $ 15,827 $ 13,075 $ 10,847 $ - $ 2,228 December 31, 2014 Gross Amounts Not Offset in the Description Gross Amounts of Gross Amounts Net Amounts of Balance Sheet Financial Cash Collateral Net Amount Derivatives $ 23,156 $ 4,412 $ 18,744 $ 17,637 $ - $ 1,107 Total $ 23,156 $ 4,412 $ 18,744 $ 17,637 $ - $ 1,107 There were no other financial assets or financial liabilities at December 31, 2015 and 2014 that were subject to offsetting. Net Investment Income Net investment income by source for the years ended December 31 was as follows: Net investment income 2015 2014 2013 Fixed maturity securities -available-for-sale $ 70,495 $ 72,568 $ 80,560 Equity securities 2,061 2,091 2,083 Limited partnerships (778 ) 436 (153 ) Mortgage loans on real estate 4,111 3,100 3,275 Policy loans on insurance contracts 35,435 36,765 38,334 Derivatives 4,631 4,478 1,573 Cash and cash equivalents 649 559 619 Other 234 351 366 Gross investment income 116,838 120,348 126,657 Less investment expenses (4,654 ) (3,410 ) (5,524 ) Net investment income $ 112,184 $ 116,938 $ 121,133 Realized Investment Gains (Losses) The Company considers fair value at the date of sale to be equal to proceeds received. Proceeds and gross realized investment gains (losses) from the sale of AFS securities for the years ended December 31 were as follows: 2015 2014 2013 Proceeds $ 226,843 $ 106,257 $ 756,322 Gross realized investment gains 6,722 4,754 9,598 Gross realized investment losses (3,119 ) (867 ) (13,787 ) Proceeds on AFS securities sold at a realized loss 74,724 27,987 296,028 Net realized investment gains (losses) for the years ended December 31 were as follows: 2015 2014 2013 Fixed maturity AFS securities $ 1,380 $ 3,753 $ (5,103 ) Equity securities 350 30 171 Mortgage loans on real estate 313 (1,997 ) (2 ) Adjustment related to VOBA (353 ) 842 439 Net realized investment gains (losses) $ 1,690 $ 2,628 $ (4,495 ) In 2015, 2014 and 2013 there were no impaired limited partnerships. There were no impaired mortgage loans at December 31, 2015. There was one impaired mortgage loan during 2014 that was subsequently sold during 2014 for a ($1,997) realized loss. There were no impaired mortgage loans at December 31, 2013. OTTI The following table sets forth the amount of credit loss impairments on fixed maturity securities held by the Company at the dates indicated, for which a portion of the OTTI loss was recognized in OCI, and the corresponding changes in such amounts for the years ended December 31: December 31, 2015 2014 Balance at beginning of period $ (185 ) $ 714 Credit loss impairment recognized in the current period on securities not previously impaired 1,764 - Additional credit loss impairments recognized in the current period on securities previously impaired through other comprehensive income 109 104 Accretion of credit loss impairments previously recognized (859 ) (1,003 ) Balance at end of period $ 829 $ (185 ) The components of OTTI reflected in the Statements of Income for the years ended December 31 were as follows: 2015 2014 2013 Gross OTTI losses on securities $ 1,873 $ 104 $ 743 VOBA - - (35 ) Net OTTI losses recognized in income $ 1,873 $ 104 $ 708 During 2015, the Company impaired its holding of a previously OCI impaired 2006 vintage residential mortgage backed security (“RMBS”), a previously OCI impaired 2007 vintage RMBS and a public non-convertible bond due to adverse changes in cash flows. During 2014, the Company impaired its holding of a previously OCI impaired 2006 vintage RMBS and a previously OCI impaired 2007 vintage RMBS due to adverse changes in cash flows. During 2013, the Company had an intent to sell an impaired corporate bond, two previously OCI impaired 2007 vintage RMBS and one 2006 vintage RMBS due to adverse changes in cash flows. |