Investments | Note 3. Investments Fixed Maturity AFS and Equity AFS Securities The amortized cost/cost, gross unrealized gains and losses, estimated fair values and other-than-temporary impairments (“OTTI”) reflected in accumulated other comprehensive income (“AOCI”) of investments in fixed maturity securities at September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017 and the amortized cost/cost, gross unrealized gains and losses, estimated fair values and OTTI reflected in AOCI of investments in equity AFS securities at December 31, 2017 were: September 30, 2018 Gross Unrealized Estimated Amortized Fair OTTI in Cost/Cost Gains Losses Value AOCI (a) Fixed maturity AFS securities Corporate securities $ 785,816 $ 26,379 $ (9,535 ) $ 802,660 $ - Asset-backed securities 40,921 3 (676 ) 40,248 - Commercial mortgage-backed securities 61,112 435 (1,469 ) 60,078 - Residential mortgage-backed securities 43,141 8,478 (59 ) 51,560 - Municipals 903 - (3 ) 900 - Government and government agencies United States 209,476 27,107 (286 ) 236,297 - Foreign 26,577 1,107 (282 ) 27,402 - Redeemable preferred stock 5,791 - (416 ) 5,375 - Total fixed maturity AFS securities $ 1,173,737 $ 63,509 $ (12,726 ) $ 1,224,520 $ - December 31, 2017 Gross Unrealized Estimated Amortized Fair OTTI in Cost/Cost Gains Losses Value AOCI (a) Fixed maturity AFS securities Corporate securities $ 885,440 $ 58,766 $ (2,182 ) $ 942,024 $ - Asset-backed securities 56,852 241 (187 ) 56,906 - Commercial mortgage-backed securities 72,373 1,397 (449 ) 73,321 - Residential mortgage-backed securities 74,385 7,076 (44 ) 81,417 - Municipals 906 - (25 ) 881 - Government and government agencies United States 298,223 63,998 (102 ) 362,119 - Foreign 24,158 2,168 (46 ) 26,280 - Redeemable preferred stock 5,791 - (101 ) 5,690 - Total fixed maturity AFS securities $ 1,418,128 $ 133,646 $ (3,136 ) $ 1,548,638 $ - Equity AFS securities Banking securities $ 25,473 $ 3,024 $ - $ 28,497 $ - Total equity AFS securities $ 25,473 $ 3,024 $ - $ 28,497 $ - (a) Represents OTTI in AOCI, which were not reflected in earnings. Amount excludes $3,888 and $3,364 of unrealized gains at September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively. Excluding investments in U.S. government and government agencies, the Company is not exposed to any significant concentration of credit risk in its fixed maturity securities portfolio. The amortized cost and estimated fair value of fixed maturity AFS securities by investment grade at September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017 were: September 30, 2018 December 31, 2017 Estimated Estimated Amortized Fair Amortized Fair Cost Value Cost Value Investment grade $ 1,112,087 $ 1,154,820 $ 1,337,738 $ 1,460,708 Below investment grade 61,650 69,700 80,390 87,930 Total fixed maturity AFS securities $ 1,173,737 $ 1,224,520 $ 1,418,128 $ 1,548,638 At September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, the estimated fair value of fixed maturity securities rated BBB-, which is the lowest investment grade rating given by rating agencies, was $96,915 and $120,663, respectively. Below investment grade securities are speculative and are subject to significantly greater risks related to the creditworthiness of the issuers and the liquidity of the market for such securities. The Company closely monitors such investments to assess whether they are OTTI. The amortized cost and estimated fair value of fixed maturity AFS securities by contractual maturities at September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017 were: September 30, 2018 December 31, 2017 Estimated Estimated Amortized Fair Amortized Fair Cost Value Cost Value Fixed maturity AFS securities Due in one year or less $ 122,414 $ 123,874 $ 73,570 $ 74,686 Due after one year through five years 325,203 329,235 466,858 484,576 Due after five years through ten years 125,951 124,188 134,939 139,174 Due after ten years 454,995 495,337 539,151 638,558 $ 1,028,563 $ 1,072,634 $ 1,214,518 $ 1,336,994 Mortgage-backed securities and other asset-backed securities $ 145,174 $ 151,886 $ 203,610 $ 211,644 Total fixed maturity AFS securities $ 1,173,737 $ 1,224,520 $ 1,418,128 $ 1,548,638 In the preceding table, fixed maturity securities not due at a single maturity date have been included in the year of final maturity. Actual maturities may differ from contractual maturities because borrowers may have the right to call or prepay obligations with or without call or prepayment penalties. The Company had investment securities with an estimated fair value of $6,385 and $4,246 that were deposited with insurance regulatory authorities at September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively. Unrealized Losses on Fixed Maturity AFS and Equity AFS Securities The Company ’ ’ The estimated fair value and gross unrealized losses and OTTI related to fixed maturity securities at September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017 and the estimated fair value and gross unrealized losses and OTTI related to equity AFS securities at December 31, 2017, aggregated by length of time that individual securities have been in a continuous unrealized loss position, were as follows: September 30, 2018 Gross Estimated Unrealized Fair Amortized Losses and Value Cost/Cost OTTI (a) Less than or equal to six months Fixed maturity AFS securities Corporate securities $ 77,544 $ 78,325 $ (781 ) Asset-backed securities 13,352 13,514 (162 ) Commercial mortgage-backed securities 3,940 3,967 (27 ) Residential mortgage-backed securities 10,139 10,197 (58 ) Government and government agencies Foreign 2,363 2,392 (29 ) Total fixed maturity AFS securities $ 107,338 $ 108,395 $ (1,057 ) Greater than six months but less than or equal to one year Fixed maturity AFS securities Corporate securities $ 166,680 $ 174,211 $ (7,531 ) Asset-backed securities 19,172 19,543 (371 ) Commercial mortgage-backed securities 41,334 42,637 (1,303 ) Residential mortgage-backed securities 40 41 (1 ) Government and government agencies United States 7,559 7,846 (287 ) Foreign 2,487 2,533 (46 ) Total fixed maturity AFS securities $ 237,272 $ 246,811 $ (9,539 ) Greater than one year Fixed maturity AFS securities Corporate securities $ 11,885 $ 13,108 $ (1,223 ) Asset-backed securities 858 1,000 (142 ) Commercial mortgage-backed securities 3,849 3,988 (139 ) Residential mortgage-backed securities 21 21 - Municipals 900 903 (3 ) Government and government agencies Foreign 3,609 3,816 (207 ) Redeemable preferred stock 5,375 5,791 (416 ) Total fixed maturity AFS securities $ 26,497 $ 28,627 $ (2,130 ) Total fixed maturity AFS securities $ 371,107 $ 383,833 $ (12,726 ) December 31, 2017 Gross Estimated Unrealized Fair Amortized Losses and Value Cost/Cost OTTI (a) Less than or equal to six months Fixed maturity AFS securities Corporate securities $ 109,579 $ 110,819 $ (1,240 ) Asset-backed securities 20,762 20,791 (29 ) Commercial mortgage-backed securities 28,994 29,409 (415 ) Residential mortgage-backed securities 2,054 2,098 (44 ) Government and government agencies United States 7,533 7,635 (102 ) Total fixed maturity and equity AFS securities $ 168,922 $ 170,752 $ (1,830 ) Greater than six months but less than or equal to one year Fixed maturity AFS securities Commercial mortgage-backed securities $ 26 $ 26 $ - Government and government agencies Foreign 3,767 3,813 (46 ) Redeemable preferred stock 5,690 5,791 (101 ) Total fixed maturity and equity AFS securities $ 9,483 $ 9,630 $ (147 ) Greater than one year Fixed maturity AFS securities Corporate securities $ 8,498 $ 9,440 $ (942 ) Asset-backed securities 2,610 2,768 (158 ) Commercial mortgage-backed securities 986 1,020 (34 ) Residential mortgage-backed securities 6 6 - Municipals 881 906 (25 ) Total fixed maturity and equity AFS securities $ 12,981 $ 14,140 $ (1,159 ) Total fixed maturity and equity AFS securities $ 191,386 $ 194,522 $ (3,136 ) (a) Subsequent unrealized gains (losses) on OTTI securities are included in Net unrealized OTTI on securities in the Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss). The total number of AFS securities in an unrealized loss position with unrealized gains and losses included as a component of AOCI was 134 and 79 at September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively. The Company held 332 and 371 total AFS securities at September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively. The following table sets forth, by length of time securities have been in a continuous unrealized loss position, the (i) estimated fair value, (ii) gross unrealized losses/the portion of OTTI recognized in OCI and (iii) the number of securities with fair value declining below amortized cost by between 20% and 40% at September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017: September 30, 2018 December 31, 2017 Estimated Gross Unrealized Number of Estimated Gross Unrealized Number of Fair Value Losses/OTTI (a) Securities Fair Value Losses/OTTI (a) Securities Decline 20% - 40% Held longer than six months but less than or equal to one year $ 518 $ (256 ) 1 $ - $ - - Held longer than one year 2,169 (773 ) 2 2,033 (908 ) 2 Total $ 2,687 $ (1,029 ) 3 $ 2,033 $ (908 ) 2 (a) Subsequent unrealized gains (losses) on OTTI securities are included in Net unrealized OTTI on securities in the Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss). Unrealized gains (losses) incurred during the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and the year ended December 31, 2017 were primarily due to price fluctuations resulting from changes in interest rates and credit spreads. If the Company has the intent to sell or it is more likely than not that the Company will be required to sell these securities prior to the anticipated recovery of the amortized cost, securities are written down to fair value. The components of net unrealized gains (losses) and OTTI included in AOCI, net of taxes, at September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017 were as follows: September 30, December 31, 2018 2017 Assets Fixed maturity AFS securities $ 50,783 $ 130,511 Cash equivalent securities - (2 ) Equity AFS securities - 3,023 Cash flow hedges (419 ) (931 ) VOBA (11,378 ) (30,769 ) $ 38,986 $ 101,832 Liabilities Income taxes - deferred $ (21,333 ) $ (21,333 ) Stockholder's Equity AOCI, net of taxes $ 17,653 $ 80,499 Equity Securities The amortized cost/cost, estimated fair value and gross unrealized gains (losses) recorded in net investment income (loss) of investments in equity securities at September 30, 2018 were: September 30, 2018 Gross Unrealized Estimated Gains (Losses) Recorded Amortized Fair in Net Investment Cost/Cost Value Income (Loss) Equity securities Banking securities $ 25,473 $ 27,687 $ 2,214 Total equity securities $ 25,473 $ 27,687 $ 2,214 See Notes to Financial Statements - Note 1, Summary of Significant Accounting Policies, Investments, for a discussion on the adoption of ASU 2016-01. Mortgage Loans on Real Estate Mortgage loans on real estate consist entirely of mortgages on commercial real estate. Prepayment premiums are collected when borrowers elect to prepay their debt prior to the stated maturity. The Company received prepayment premiums of $0, $482 and $1,183 during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 and twelve months ended December, 31 2017, respectively. Prepayment premiums are included in net realized investment gains (losses), excluding OTTI losses on securities, in the Statements of Income (Loss). The Company does not accrue interest on loans ninety days past due. At September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, there were no commercial mortgage loans that had two or more payments delinquent. The fair values of mortgage loans on real estate are estimated by discounting the future cash flows using the current rates at which similar loans would be made to borrowers with similar credit ratings and/or similar remaining maturities. The estimated fair value of the mortgages on commercial real estate at September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017 was $25,756 and $26,049, respectively. Loans are considered impaired when it is probable that, based upon current information and events, the Company will be unable to collect all amounts due under the contractual terms of the loan agreement. A valuation allowance is established when a loan is determined to be impaired for the excess carrying value of the loan over its estimated collateral value. There were no impaired mortgage loans at September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017. For the portion of the mortgage loan portfolio without specific reserves, an allowance for credit losses is established. The change in the allowance for credit losses is reflected in net realized investment gains (losses), excluding OTTI losses on securities, in the Statements of Income (Loss). The commercial mortgages were geographically diversified throughout the United States as follows at September 30, 2018: Florida, 23%; Utah, 22%; Minnesota, 20%; Arkansas, 19%; Colorado, 9%; and New Jersey, 8%. The credit quality of commercial mortgage loans at September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017 was as follows: September 30, December 31, Commercial 2018 2017 AAA - AA $ 13,076 $ 11,723 A 7,950 13,246 BBB 5,000 - Total mortgage loans on real estate $ 26,026 $ 24,969 Less: allowance for credit losses (13 ) (7 ) Total mortgage loans on real estate, net $ 26,013 $ 24,962 The Company determined the credit quality of the commercial mortgage loans based on an internal credit rating model that assigns a letter rating to each mortgage loan in the portfolio as an indicator of the quality of the mortgage loan. The internal credit rating model was designed based on a rating agency methodology, then modified for credit risk associated with the Company’s mortgage lending process, taking into account such factors as projected future cash flows, net operating income, and collateral value. The model produces a rating score and an associated letter rating that is intended to align with S&P Global Rating Services (“S&P GRS”) ratings as closely as possible. Information supporting the risk rating process is updated at least annually. While mortgage loans with a lower rating carry a higher risk of loss, an adequate allowance for credit losses has been established to cover those risks. Securities Lending The following table provides a summary of the securities lending program at September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017: September 30, December 31, 2018 2017 Payables for collateral under securities loaned $ 193,582 $ 209,923 Amortized cost of securities out on loan 169,415 167,195 Estimated fair value of securities out on loan 188,215 203,909 Reverse Repurchase Agreements The following table provides a summary of the dollar roll reverse repurchase agreements at September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017: September 30, December 31, 2018 2017 Payables for reverse repurchase agreements $ 10,195 $ 36,494 Amortized cost of securities pledged 10,197 36,249 Estimated fair value of securities pledged 10,139 36,337 Collateral Maturities of Reverse Repurchase Agreements and Securities Lending Transactions The following tables provide a summary of maturities of collateral underlying reverse repurchase agreements and securities lending transactions at September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017: September 30, 2018 Overnight and Continuous Up to 30 days Total Reverse repurchase agreements Residential mortgage-backed securities $ - $ 10,139 $ 10,139 Total $ - $ 10,139 $ 10,139 Securities lending transactions U.S. Treasury and agency securities $ 165,756 $ - $ 165,756 Corporate securities 22,360 - 22,360 Equity securities - banking 99 - 99 Total $ 188,215 $ - $ 188,215 Total Borrowings $ 188,215 $ 10,139 $ 198,354 Gross amount of recognized liabilities for reverse repurchase agreements and securities lending included on the Balance Sheets $ 203,777 December 31, 2017 Overnight and Continuous Up to 30 days Total Reverse repurchase agreements Residential mortgage-backed securities $ - $ 36,337 $ 36,337 Total $ - $ 36,337 $ 36,337 Securities lending transactions U.S. Treasury and agency securities $ 169,011 $ - $ 169,011 Corporate securities 34,493 - 34,493 Equity securities - banking 405 - 405 Total $ 203,909 $ - $ 203,909 Total Borrowings $ 203,909 $ 36,337 $ 240,246 Gross amount of recognized liabilities for reverse repurchase agreements and securities lending included on the Balance Sheets $ 246,417 Derivatives and Hedge Accounting The following table presents the notional and fair value amounts of non-qualifying hedging instruments and cash flow hedges at September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017: Notional Fair Value September 30, December 31, September 30, December 31, Derivative Type 2018 2017 2018 2017 Non-qualifying hedges Equity futures $ 195,981 $ 5,462 $ (202 ) $ - Bond futures 41,008 60,697 (59 ) - Interest rate swaps 221,000 221,000 (11,248 ) (2,599 ) Variance swaps 260 398 (794 ) (1,847 ) Total return swaps 256,231 248,326 (1,849 ) (4,791 ) Options 1,912,124 1,043,001 38,510 26,023 Credit default swaps 175,000 185,000 4,901 7,350 Total non-qualifying hedges $ 2,801,604 $ 1,763,884 $ 29,259 $ 24,136 Cash flow hedges Interest rate swaps $ 24,997 $ 49,883 $ (2,457 ) $ (3,808 ) Total cash flow hedges $ 24,997 $ 49,883 $ (2,457 ) $ (3,808 ) Derivative Total $ 2,826,601 $ 1,813,767 $ 26,802 $ 20,328 The following table presents the net derivative gains (losses) recognized in the Statements of Income (Loss) for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017: Net Derivative Gains (Losses) Recognized In Income Three Months Ended Nine Months Ended September 30, September 30, Derivative Type 2018 2017 2018 2017 Equity futures $ 696 $ (503 ) $ 1,135 $ (1,230 ) Bond futures (924 ) 3 (2,518 ) 1,755 Variance swaps (701 ) (546 ) (412 ) (2,886 ) Total return swaps (3,053 ) (3,472 ) (4,669 ) (11,861 ) Options (9,123 ) (5,601 ) (24,760 ) (29,389 ) Interest rate swaps (2,061 ) 60 (8,575 ) 1,271 Credit default swaps (2 ) 820 (1,845 ) 2,333 Total $ (15,168 ) $ (9,239 ) $ (41,644 ) $ (40,007 ) The following tables present the maximum potential amount of future payments, credit rating, and maturity dates for the credit default swaps at September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017: Maximum Potential Amount of Future Payments Credit Rating Maturity Date Range Derivative Type September 30, 2018 Credit default swaps Corporate debt $ 95,000 AA-BBB March 2020-December 2021 Sovereign debt 80,000 AA-A December 2019-June 2022 Credit default swaps total $ 175,000 Maximum Potential Amount of Future Payments Credit Rating Maturity Date Range Derivative Type December 31, 2017 Credit default swaps Corporate debt $ 95,000 AA-BBB March 2020-December 2021 Sovereign debt 90,000 AA-A March 2018-June 2022 Credit default swaps total $ 185,000 The following tables present the components of the gains (losses) on derivatives that qualify as cash flow hedges for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017: Gains (Losses) Recognized in Gains (Losses) Recognized in OCI on Derivatives (Effective OCI on Derivatives (Effective Portion) Three Months Ended Nine Months Ended September 30, September 30, 2018 2017 2018 2017 Interest rate swaps $ 231 $ (1,740 ) $ 512 $ 1,571 Total $ 231 $ (1,740 ) $ 512 $ 1,571 Net Realized Gains (Losses) Net Realized Gains (Losses) Recognized in Income on Derivatives (Ineffective Portion) Recognized in Income on Derivatives (Ineffective Portion) Three Months Ended Nine Months Ended September 30, September 30, 2018 2017 2018 2017 Interest rate swaps $ 1 $ 1 $ 2,476 $ 4 Total $ 1 $ 1 $ 2,476 $ 4 Gains (Losses) Reclassified from Gains (Losses) Reclassified from AOCI into Net Investment Income (Effective Portion) AOCI into Net Investment Income (Effective Portion) Three Months Ended Nine Months Ended September 30, September 30, 2018 2017 2018 2017 Interest rate swaps $ (165 ) $ (63 ) $ (1,562 ) $ (683 ) Total $ (165 ) $ (63 ) $ (1,562 ) $ (683 ) All components of each derivative’s gain or loss were included in the assessment of hedge effectiveness. At September 30, 2018, the before-tax deferred net gains (losses) on derivatives recorded in AOCI that are expected to be reclassified to the Statements of Income (Loss) during the next twelve months are ($3,124). This expectation is based on the anticipated interest payments on the hedged investments in Treasury Inflation Protection Securities that will occur over the next twelve months, at which time the Company will recognize the deferred gains (losses) as an adjustment to interest income over the term of the investment cash flows. In addition, in order to trade futures, the Company is required to post collateral to an exchange (sometimes referred to as margin). The fair value of collateral posted in relation to the futures margin was $8,685 and $2,488 at September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively. Offsetting of Derivative Instruments The Company mitigates credit risk arising from derivative contracts by entering into International Swaps and Derivatives Association master netting arrangements and collateral agreements. These arrangements with a counterparty create a right to offset amounts due to and due from the same counterparty when the arrangements are enforceable in the event of a default or bankruptcy, which ultimately reduces credit risk exposure. These arrangements are conducted under terms that are usual and customary in standard derivative activities, as well as requirements determined by exchanges where a bank acts as an intermediary. The following table provides details relating to the effect, or potential effect, of netting and collateral arrangements, including the right to offset, associated with the Company’s recognized financial assets and recognized financial liabilities at September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017: September 30, 2018 December 31, 2017 Derivatives Subject to a Master Netting Arrangement or a Similar Right to Offset Assets Liabilities Assets Liabilities Gross estimated fair value of derivatives: OTC - Bilateral $ 49,286 $ 10,975 $ 34,487 $ 11,560 OTC - Cleared 3,774 15,022 1,590 4,188 Exchange-traded 49 310 - - Total gross estimated fair value of derivatives $ 53,109 $ 26,307 $ 36,077 $ 15,748 Amounts offset on the Balance Sheets Gross estimated fair value of derivatives: (1) OTC - Bilateral $ (10,892 ) $ (10,892 ) $ (9,878 ) $ (9,878 ) OTC - Cleared (3,774 ) (3,774 ) (1,590 ) (1,590 ) Exchange-traded (49 ) (49 ) - - Cash collateral: (2), (3) OTC - Bilateral (27,606 ) - (16,397 ) - OTC - Cleared - (11,248 ) - (2,054 ) Estimated fair value of derivatives presented on the Balance Sheets $ 10,788 $ 344 $ 8,212 $ 2,226 Gross amounts not offset on the Balance Sheets: Securities collateral: (4) OTC - Bilateral $ (10,533 ) $ - $ (8,083 ) $ (1,516 ) Net amount after application of master netting agreements and collateral $ 255 $ 344 $ 129 $ 710 (1) Estimated fair value of derivatives is limited to the amount that is subject to offset. (2) The amount of cash collateral offset in the table above is limited to the net estimated fair value of derivatives after application of netting agreements. Cash collateral received for OTC-Bilateral and OTC-Cleared derivatives is included in cash and cash equivalents, short-term investments, or fixed maturity securities, and the obligation to return it, beyond what is already being offset, is included in payables for collateral under securities loaned, reverse repurchase agreements and derivatives. At September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, the Company received excess cash collateral of $810 and $2,213, respectively. (3) The receivable for the return of cash collateral provided to the counterparty, beyond what is being offset, is included in other assets. The amount reported in the table above does not include initial margin on exchange-traded and OTC-Cleared derivatives. At September 30, 2018, the Company provided excess cash collateral of $70 that was excluded from the table above due to the foregoing limitation. The Company had no excess cash collateral provided to counterparties at December 31, 2017. (4) Securities collateral received or pledged by the Company is held in separate custodial accounts and is not recorded on the Balance Sheets. The amount of securities collateral offset in the table above is limited to the net estimated fair value of derivatives after application of netting agreements and cash collateral. At September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, the Company received excess securities collateral with an estimated fair value of $1,293 and $4,214, respectively, for its OTC-Bilateral derivatives, which are not included in the table above due to the foregoing limitation. At September 30, 2018, the Company had no excess securities collateral provided. At December 31, 2017, the Company provided excess securities collateral with an estimated fair value of $146, for its OTC-Bilateral derivatives, which are not included in the table above due to the foregoing limitation. At September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, the Company also provided securities for initial margin with an estimated fair value of $10,971 and $11,310, respectively, for its OTC-Cleared derivatives, which is not included in the table above. There were no other derivative assets or liabilities at September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017 that were subject to offsetting. Net Investment Income (Loss) Net investment income (loss) by source for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017 was as follows: Three Months Ended Nine Months Ended September 30, September 30, Net investment income (loss) 2018 2017 2018 2017 Fixed maturity AFS securities $ 13,151 $ 15,621 $ 42,122 $ 46,289 Equity AFS securities - 517 - 1,357 Equity securities 140 - 331 - Limited partnerships 288 1,070 20 3,013 Mortgage loans on real estate 240 1,509 749 4,372 Policy loans on insurance contracts 7,953 8,285 23,679 24,739 Derivatives 1,077 1,602 3,634 4,876 Cash and cash equivalents 1,500 922 4,054 1,829 Other 222 93 410 236 Gross investment income $ 24,571 $ 29,619 $ 74,999 $ 86,711 Less investment expenses (2,207 ) (2,192 ) (6,136 ) (4,923 ) Net investment income (loss) $ 22,364 $ 27,427 $ 68,863 $ 81,788 In accordance with the adoption of ASU 2016-01, effective January 1, 2018, the unrealized gains (losses) for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 related to equity securities reported as a component of net investment income were as follows: Three Months Ended Nine Months Ended September 30, 2018 September 30, 2018 Net gains (losses) recognized during the period on equity securities $ (268 ) $ (809) Less: Net gains (losses) recognized during the period on equity securities sold during the period - - Unrealized gains (losses) recognized during the reporting period on equity securities still held at the reporting date $ (268 ) $ (809) Realized Investment Gains (Losses) The Company considers fair value at the date of sale to be equal to the proceeds received. Proceeds and gross realized investment gains (losses) from the sale of AFS securities for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017 were as follows: Three Months Ended Nine Months Ended September 30, September 30, 2018 2017 2018 2017 Proceeds $ 37,569 $ 46,439 $ 260,716 $ 112,406 Gross realized investment gains 191 924 13,397 2,758 Gross realized investment losses (93 ) - (4,671 ) (557 ) Proceeds on AFS securities sold at a realized loss 25,285 - 101,895 27,458 Net realized investment gains (losses) for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017 were as follows: Three Months Ended Nine Months Ended September 30, September 30, 2018 2017 2018 2017 Fixed maturity AFS securities $ 98 $ 924 $ 8,726 $ 2,201 Mortgage loans on real estate (5 ) 4,165 338 5,336 Adjustment related to VOBA (9 ) (378 ) (94 ) (611 ) Net realized investment gains (losses) $ 84 $ 4,711 $ 8,970 $ 6,926 . OTTI The following table sets forth the amount of credit loss impairments on fixed maturity securities held by the Company, for which the non-credit portion of the OTTI loss was recognized in OCI, and the corresponding changes in such amounts at September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017: September 30, 2018 December 31, 2017 Balance at beginning of period $ (3,111 ) $ (2,040 ) Accretion of credit loss impairments previously recognized (698 ) (1,071 ) Balance at end of period $ (3,809 ) $ (3,111 ) There were no components of OTTI reflected in the Statements of Income (Loss) for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017. |