Any director or directors of the corporation may be removed at any time, with or without cause, in the manner provided in the Colorado Business Corporation Act.
By resolution adopted by a majority of the board of directors, the directors may designate two or more directors to constitute a committee, any of which shall have such authority in the management of the corporation as the board of directors shall designate and as shall be prescribed by the Colorado Business Corporation Act.
By resolution of the board of directors and irrespective of any personal interest of any of the members, each director may be paid his or her expenses, if any, of attendance at each meeting of the board of directors, and may be paid a stated salary as director or a fixed sum for attendance at each meeting of the board of directors or both. No such payment shall preclude any director from serving the corporation in any other capacity and receiving compensation therefor.
A director of the corporation who is present at a meeting of the board of directors at which action on any corporate matter is taken shall be presumed to have assented to the action taken unless his or her dissent shall be entered in the minutes of the meeting or unless he or she shall file his or her written dissent to such action with the person acting as the secretary of the meeting before the adjournment thereof or shall forward such dissent by registered mail to the secretary of the corporation immediately after the adjournment of the meeting. Such right to dissent shall not apply to a director who voted in favor of such action.
To the fullest extent permitted by the Colorado Business Corporation Act as the same exists or may hereafter be amended, a director of the corporation shall not be liable to the corporation or its stockholders for monetary damages for any action taken or any failure to take any action as a director. Notwithstanding the foregoing, a director will have liability for monetary damages for a breach or failure which involves: (i) a violation of criminal law; (ii) a transaction from which the director derived an improper personal benefit, either directly or indirectly; (iii) distributions in violation of the Colorado Business Corporation Act or the Articles of Incorporation of the corporation (but only to the extent provided by law); (iv) willful misconduct or disregard for the best interests of the corporation concerning any acts or omissions concerning any proceeding other than in the right of the corporation or a shareholder; or (v) reckless, malicious or wanton acts or omissions concerning any proceeding other than in the right of the corporation or of a shareholder. No repeal, amendment or modification of this Article, whether direct or indirect, shall eliminate or reduce its effect with respect to any act or omission of a director of the corporation occurring prior to such repeal, amendment or modification.
SECTION 3.18 INDEMNIFICATION.
Subject to and in accordance with the Colorado Business Corporation Act, and except as may be expressly limited by the Articles of Incorporation and any amendments thereto, the corporation shall indemnify any person:
(i) made a party to any proceeding (other than an action by, or in the right of, the corporation) by reason of the fact that he is or was a director, officer, employee or agent of the corporation, or is or was serving at the corporation’s request, as a director, officer, employee or agent of another corporation, or other enterprise; or,
(ii) who was or is a party to any proceeding by or in the right of the corporation, to procure a judgement in its favor by reason of the fact that he is or was a director, officer, employee, or agent of the corporation or is or was serving at the request of the corporation as a director, officer, employee, or agent of another corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust, or other enterprise. This indemnification shall be mandatory in all circumstances in which indemnification is permitted by law.
The corporation may maintain indemnification insurance regardless of its power to indemnify under the Colorado Business Corporation Act.
The corporation may make any other or further indemnification or advancement of expenses of any of the directors, officers, employees or agents under any bylaw, agreement, vote of shareholders or disinterested directors or otherwise, both as to action in his or her official capacity and to action in another capacity while holding such office, except an indemnification against material criminal or unlawful misconduct as set forth by statute, or as to any transaction wherein the director derived an improper personal benefit.
Except to the extent reimbursement shall be mandatory in accordance herewith, the corporation shall have the right to refuse indemnification, in whole or in part, in any instance in which the person to whom indemnification would otherwise have been applicable, if he or she unreasonably refused to permit the corporation, at its own expense and through counsel of its own choosing, to defend him or her in the action, or unreasonably refused to cooperate in the defense of such action.
ARTICLE 4
OFFICERS
SECTION 4.1 NUMBER.
The officers of the corporation shall be a president, a secretary, and a treasurer, each of whom shall be elected by the board of directors. Such other officers as may be deemed necessary may be elected or appointed by the board of directors. Any two or more offices may be held by the same person.
SECTION 4.2 ELECTION AND TERM OF OFFICE.
The officers of the corporation to be elected by the board of directors shall be elected annually by the board of directors at the first meeting of the board of directors held after the annual meeting of the shareholders. If the election of officers shall not be held at such meeting, such election shall be held as soon thereafter as practicable. Each officer shall hold office until his or her successor shall have been duly elected and shall have qualified or until his or her death or until he or she shall resign or shall have been removed in the manner hereinafter provided.
SECTION 4.3 REMOVAL.
Any officer or agent may be removed by the board of directors whenever in its judgement the best interests of the corporation will be served thereby, but such removal shall be without prejudice to the contract rights, if any, of the person so removed. Election or appointment of an officer or agent shall not of itself create contract rights.
SECTION 4.4 VACANCIES.
A vacancy in any office because of death, resignation, removal, disqualification or otherwise, may be filled by the board of directors for the unexpired portion of the term.
SECTION 4.5 PRESIDENT.
The president shall be the chief executive officer of the corporation and, subject to the control of the board of directors, shall in general supervise and control all of the business and affairs of the corporation. He or she shall, when present, and in the absence of a chairman of the board, preside at all meetings of the shareholders and of the board of directors. He or she may sign, with the secretary or any other proper officer of the corporation thereunto authorized by the board of directors, certificates for shares of the corporation and deeds, mortgages, bonds, contracts, or other instruments which the board of directors has authorized to be executed, excepted in cases where the signing and execution thereof shall be expressly delegated by the board of directors or by these bylaws to some other officer or agent of the corporation, or shall be required by law to be otherwise signed or executed; and in general shall perform all duties incident to the office of president and such other duties as may be prescribed by the board of directors from time to time.
SECTION 4.6 VICE PRESIDENT.
If elected or appointed by the board of directors, the vice president (or in the event there be more than one vice president, the vice presidents in the order designated at the time of their election, or in the absence of any designation, then in the order of their election) shall, in the absence of the president or in the event of his or her death, inability or refusal to act, perform all duties of the president, and when so acting, shall have all the powers of and be subject to all the restrictions upon the president. Any vice president may sign, with the treasurer or an assistant treasurer or the secretary or an assistant secretary, certificates for shares of the corporation; and shall perform such other duties as from time to time may be assigned to him or her by the president or by the board of directors.
SECTION 4.7 SECRETARY.
The secretary shall: (a) keep the minutes of the proceedings of the shareholders and of the board of directors in one or more books provided for that purpose; (b) see that all notices are duly given in accordance with the provisions of these bylaws or as required by law; (c) be custodian of the corporate records and of the seal of the corporation and see that the seal of the corporation is affixed to all documents the execution of which on behalf of the corporation under its seal is duly authorized; (d) keep a register of the post office address of each shareholder which shall be furnished to the secretary by such shareholder; (e) sign with the chairman or vice chairman of the board of directors, or the president, or a vice president, certificates for shares of the corporation, the issuance of which shall have been authorized by resolution of the board of directors; (f) have general charge of the stock transfer books of the corporation; and (g) in general perform all duties incident to the office of secretary and such other duties as from time to time may be assigned to him or her by the president or by the board of directors.
SECTION 4.8 TREASURER.
The treasurer shall: (a) have charge and custody of and be responsible for all funds and securities of the corporation; (b) receive and give receipts for moneys due and payable to the corporation from any source whatsoever, and deposit all such moneys in the name of the corporation in such banks, trust companies or other depositories as shall be selected in accordance with the provisions of Article 5 of these bylaws; and (c) in general perform all of the duties incident to the office of treasurer and such other duties as from time to time may be assigned to him or her by the president or by the board of directors.
SECTION 4.9 ASSISTANT SECRETARIES AND ASSISTANT TREASURERS.
The assistant secretaries, when authorized by the board of directors, may sign with the chairman or vice chairman of the board of directors or the president or a vice president certificates for shares of the corporation the issuance of which shall have been authorized by a resolution of the board of directors. The assistant secretaries and assistant treasurers, in general, shall perform such duties as shall be assigned to them by the secretary or the treasurer, respectively, or by the president or the board of directors.
SECTION 4.10 BONDS.
If the board of directors by resolution shall so require, any officer or agent of the corporation shall give bond to the corporation in such amount and with such surety as the board of directors may deem sufficient, conditioned upon the faithful performance of their respective duties and offices.
SECTION 4.11 SALARIES.
The salaries of the officers shall be fixed from time to time by the board of directors and no officer shall be prevented from receiving such salary by reason of the fact that he or she is also a director of the corporation.
ARTICLE 5
CONTRACTS, LOANS, CHECKS AND DEPOSITS
SECTION 5.1 CONTRACTS.
The board of directors may authorize any officer or officers, agent or agents, to enter into any contract or execute and deliver any instrument in the name of and on behalf of the corporation, and such authority may be general or confined to specific instances.
SECTION 5.2 LOANS.
No loans shall be contracted on behalf of the corporation and no evidences of indebtedness shall be issued in its name unless authorized by a resolution of the board of directors. Such authority may be general or confined to specific instances.
SECTION 5.3 CHECKS, DRAFTS, ETC.
All checks, drafts or other orders for the payment of money, notes or other evidences of indebtedness issued in the name of the corporation shall be signed by such officer or officers, agent or agents of the corporation and in such manner as shall from time to time be determined by resolution of the board of directors.
SECTION 5.4 DEPOSITS.
All funds of the corporation not otherwise employed shall be deposited from time to time to the credit of the corporation in such banks, trust companies or other depositories as the board of directors may select.
ARTICLE 6
SHARES, CERTIFICATES FOR SHARES AND TRANSFER OF SHARES
SECTION 6.1 REGULATION.
The board of directors may make such rules and regulations as it may deem appropriate concerning the issuance, transfer and registration of certificates for shares of the corporation, including the appointment of transfer agents and registrars.
SECTION 6.2 CERTIFICATES FOR STOCK.
The shares of the corporation’s stock may be certificated or uncertificated, as provided under Colorado law, and shall be entered in the books of the corporation and registered as they are issued. Any certificates issued to any shareholder of the corporation shall be respectively numbered serially for each class of shares, or series thereof, as they are issued, shall be impressed with the corporate seal or a facsimile thereof, if applicable, and shall be signed by the chairman or vice-chairman of the board of directors or by the president or a vice president and by the treasurer or an assistant treasurer or by the secretary or an assistant secretary; provided that such signatures may be facsimile if the certificate is counter-signed by a transfer agent, or registered by a registrar other than the corporation itself or its employee. Each certificate shall
state the name of the corporation, the fact that the corporation is organized or incorporated under the laws of the State of Colorado, the name of the person to whom issued, the date of issue, the class (or series of any class), the number of shares represented thereby and the par value of the shares represented thereby or a statement that such shares are without par value. A statement of the designations, preferences, qualifications, limitations, restrictions and special or relative rights of the shares of each class shall be set forth in full or summarized on the face or back of the certificates which the corporation shall issue, or in lieu thereof, the certificate may set forth that such a statement or summary will be furnished to any shareholder upon request without charge. Each certificate shall be otherwise in such form as may be prescribed by the board of directors and as shall conform to the rules of any stock exchange on which the shares may be listed.
Within a reasonable time after the issuance or transfer of uncertificated shares, the corporation shall send to the registered owner thereof a written statement that shall set forth all of the information required by the Colorado Business Corporation Act, as amended, and these bylaws to be provided to holders of uncertificated shares, and any restrictions on the transfer or registration of such shares imposed by the corporation’s then-effective articles of incorporation, bylaws and any agreement among shareholders or any agreement between shareholders and the corporation.
The corporation shall not issue certificates representing fractional shares and shall not be obligated to make any transfers creating a fractional interest in a share. The corporation may, but shall not be obligated to, issue scrip in lieu of any fractional shares, such scrip to have terms and conditions specified by the board of directors.
SECTION 6.3 CANCELLATION OF CERTIFICATES.
All certificates surrendered to the corporation for transfer shall be canceled and no new certificates shall be issued in lieu thereof until the former certificate for a like number of shares shall have been surrendered and canceled, except as herein provided with respect to lost, stolen or destroyed certificates.
SECTION 6.4 LOST, STOLEN OR DESTROYED CERTIFICATES.
Any shareholder claiming that his or her certificate for shares is lost, stolen or destroyed may make an affidavit or affirmation of that fact and lodge the same with the secretary of the corporation, accompanied by a signed application for a new certificate. Thereupon, and upon the giving of a satisfactory bond of indemnity to the corporation not exceeding an amount double the value of the shares as represented by such certificate (the necessity for such bond and the amount required to be determined by the president and treasurer of the corporation), the corporation may issue (i) a new certificate of the same tenor and representing the same number, class and series of shares as were represented by the certificate alleged to be lost, stolen or destroyed; or (ii) uncertificated shares in place of the certificate previously issued by the corporation alleged to have been lost, stolen or destroyed.
SECTION 6.5 TRANSFER OF SHARES.
Upon surrender to the corporation or the transfer agent of the corporation of a certificate for shares duly endorsed or accompanied by proper evidence of succession, assignation or
authority to transfer, and evidence of compliance with applicable securities laws and other restrictions, it shall be the duty of the corporation to issue a new certificate or evidence of the issuance of uncertificated shares to the shareholder entitled thereto, cancel the old certificate and record the transaction upon the corporation’s books. Upon the surrender of any certificate for transfer, such certificate shall at once be conspicuously marked on its face “Cancelled” and filed with the permanent stock records of the corporation.
Upon the receipt of proper transfer instructions from the registered owner of uncertificated shares, such uncertificated shares shall be cancelled, issuance of new equivalent uncertificated shares or certificated shares shall be made to the shareholder entitled thereto and the transaction shall be recorded upon the books of the corporation. If the corporation has a transfer agent or registrar acting on its behalf, the signature of any officer or representative thereof may be in facsimile.
The board of directors may appoint a transfer agent and one or more co-transfer agents and a registrar and one or more co-registrars and may make or authorize such agent to make all such rules and regulations deemed expedient concerning the issue, transfer and registration of shares of stock.
As against the corporation, a transfer of shares can be made only on the books of the corporation and in the manner hereinabove provided, and the corporation shall be entitled to treat the holder of record of any share as the owner thereof and shall not be bound to recognize any equitable or other claim to or interest in such share on the part of any other person, whether or not it shall have express or other notice thereof, save as expressly provided by the statutes of the State of Colorado.
ARTICLE 7
FISCAL YEAR
The fiscal year of the corporation shall end on the last day of March each year.
ARTICLE 8
DIVIDENDS
The board of directors may from time to time declare, and the corporation may pay, dividends on its outstanding shares in the manner and upon the terms and conditions provided by law and its Articles of Incorporation.
ARTICLE 9
CORPORATE SEAL
The board of directors shall provide a corporate seal which shall be circular in form and shall have inscribed thereon the name of the corporation and the state of incorporation and the words "CORPORATE SEAL."
ARTICLE 10
WAIVER OF NOTICE
Whenever any notice is required to be given under the provisions of these bylaws or under the provisions of the Articles of Incorporation or under the provisions of the Colorado Business Corporation Act, or otherwise, a waiver thereof in writing, signed by the person or persons entitled to such notice, whether before or after the event or other circumstance requiring such notice, shall be deemed equivalent to the giving of such notice.
ARTICLE 11
AMENDMENTS
These bylaws may be altered, amended or repealed and new bylaws may be adopted by a majority of the directors present at any meeting of the board of directors of the corporation at which a quorum is present.
ARTICLE 12
EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE
SECTION 12.1 APPOINTMENT.
The board of directors by resolution adopted by a majority of the full board, may designate two or more of its members to constitute an executive committee. The designation of such committee and the delegation thereto of authority shall not operate to relieve the board of directors, or any member thereof, of any responsibility imposed by law.
SECTION 12.2 AUTHORITY.
The executive committee, when the board of directors is not in session, shall have and may exercise all of the authority of the board of directors except to the extent, if any, that such authority shall be limited by the resolution appointing the executive committee and except also that the executive committee shall not have the authority of the board of directors in reference to amending the Articles of Incorporation, adopting a plan of merger or consolidation, recommending to the shareholders the sale, lease or other disposition of all or substantially all of the property and assets of the corporation otherwise than in the usual and regular course of its business, recommending to the shareholders a voluntary dissolution of the corporation or a revocation thereof, or amending the bylaws of the corporation.
SECTION 12.3 TENURE AND QUALIFICATIONS.
Each member of the executive committee shall hold office until the next regular annual meeting of the board of directors following his or her designation and until his or her successor is designated as a member of the executive committee and is elected and qualified.
SECTION 12.4 MEETINGS.
Regular meetings of the executive committee may be held without notice at such time and places as the executive committee may fix from time to time by resolution. Special meetings
of the executive committee may be called by any member thereof upon not less than one day’s notice stating the place, date and hour of the meeting, which notice may be written or oral, and if mailed, shall be deemed to be delivered when deposited in the United States mail addressed to the member of the executive committee at his or her business address. Any member of the executive committee may waive notice of any meeting and no notice of any meeting need be given to any member thereof who attends in person. The notice of a meeting of the executive committee need not state the business proposed to be transacted at the meeting.
SECTION 12.5 QUORUM.
A majority of the members of the executive committee shall constitute a quorum for the transaction of business at any meeting thereof, and action of the executive committee must be authorized by the affirmative vote of a majority of the members present at a meeting at which a quorum is present.
SECTION 12.6 INFORMAL ACTION BY EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE.
Any action required or permitted to be taken by the executive committee at a meeting may be taken without a meeting if a consent in writing, setting forth the action so taken, shall be signed by all of the directors entitled to vote with respect to the subject matter thereof.
SECTION 12.7 VACANCIES.
Any vacancy in the executive committee may be filled by a resolution adopted by a majority of the full board of directors.
SECTION 12.8 RESIGNATIONS AND REMOVAL.
Any member of the executive committee may be removed at any time with or without cause by resolution adopted by a majority of the full board of directors. Any member of the executive committee may resign from the executive committee at any time by giving written notice to the president or secretary of the corporation, and unless otherwise specified therein, the acceptance of such resignation shall not be necessary to make it effective.
SECTION 12.9 PROCEDURE.
The executive committee shall elect a presiding officer from its members and may fix its own rules of procedure which shall not be inconsistent with these bylaws. It shall keep regular minutes of its proceedings and report the same to the board of directors for its information at the meeting thereof held next after the proceedings shall have been taken.
ARTICLE 13
EMERGENCY BYLAWS
The emergency bylaws provided in this Article 13 shall be operative during any emergency in the conduct of the business of the corporation resulting from an attack on the United States or any nuclear or atomic disaster, notwithstanding any different provision in the preceding articles of the bylaws or in the Articles of Incorporation or in the Colorado Business
Corporation Act. To the extent not inconsistent with the provisions of this Article, the bylaws provided in the preceding articles shall remain in effect during such emergency and upon its termination the emergency bylaws shall cease to be operative.
During any such emergency:
A. A meeting of the hoard of directors may be called by any officer or director of the corporation. Notice of the time and place of the meeting shall be given by the person calling the meeting to such of the directors as it may be feasible to reach by any available means of communication. Such notice shall be given at such time in advance of the meeting as circumstances permit in the judgment of the person calling the meeting.
B. At any such meeting of the board of directors, a quorum shall consist of the number of directors in attendance at such meeting.
C. The board of directors, either before or during any such emergency, may, effective in the emergency, change the principal office or designate several alternative principal offices or regional offices, or authorize the officers so to do.
D. The board of directors, either before or during any such emergency, may provide, and from time to time modify, lines of succession in the event that during an emergency any or all officers or agents of the corporation shall for any reason be rendered incapable of discharging their duties.
E. No officer, director or employee acting in accordance with these emergency bylaws shall be liable except for willful misconduct.
F. These emergency bylaws shall he subject to repeal or change by further action of the board of directors or by action of the shareholders, but no such repeal or change shall modify the provisions of the next paragraph with regard to action taken prior to the time of such repeal or change. Any amendment of these emergency bylaws may make any further or different provision that may be practical and necessary for the circumstances of the emergency.
CERTIFICATE
I hereby certify that the foregoing Second Amended and Restated Bylaws constitute the bylaws of New Frontier Media, Inc. adopted by the board of directors of the corporation as of May 3, 2007.
/s/ Michael Weiner
Michael Weiner
Secretary