PLUM CREEK TIMBERLANDS, L.P. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTSNote 1. Accounting Policies General. Plum Creek Timberlands, L.P. is a Delaware Limited Partnership and a wholly owned subsidiary of Plum Creek Timber Company, Inc. Plum Creek Timber Company, Inc. (“Parent”) is a Delaware Corporation and real estate investment trust, or REIT. References herein to “Plum Creek” relate to Plum Creek Timber Company, Inc. and its wholly owned subsidiaries. At December 31, 2003, Plum Creek Timberlands, L.P. and its subsidiaries (“Operating Partnership”) owned and managed 8.1 million acres of timberlands in the Northwest, Southern and Northeast United States, and owned and operated ten wood product conversion facilities in the Northwest United States. Included in the 8.1 million acres are 1.35 million acres of higher and better use timberlands and 1.4 million acres of non-strategic timberlands. The higher and better use timberlands are expected to be sold over the next 15 years for conservation, residential or recreational purposes. Approximately half of the non-strategic timberlands are expected to be sold in large blocks over the next two years. The other half of the non-strategic timberlands, which are generally in smaller tracts, is expected to be sold over the next five to ten years. In the meantime, these timberlands continue to be used productively in our business of growing and selling timber. On December 16, 1997, shareholders of Georgia-Pacific Corporation (“Georgia-Pacific”) approved the creation of two classes of common stock (“The Letter Stock Recapitalization”) intended to reflect separately the performance of Georgia-Pacific’s manufacturing (“Georgia-Pacific Group”) and timber businesses (“The Timber Company”). The Timber Company represented the separate group of businesses whose results were tracked by Georgia-Pacific’s Timber Company stock (“Timber Company Stock”) and was engaged primarily in the growing and selling of timber on the approximately 4.7 million acres of timberlands that Georgia-Pacific owned or leased. On October 5, 2001, Georgia-Pacific redeemed all of the outstanding shares of Timber Company Stock, or 82.3 million shares. In connection with the redemption, each outstanding share of Timber Company Stock was exchanged for one unit, or a “Unit,” that represented one outstanding share of common stock of each of Georgia-Pacific’s former subsidiaries, which collectively held all of the assets and liabilities attributed to The Timber Company. On October 6, 2001, The Timber Company merged with and into Plum Creek, with Plum Creek as the surviving company (“The Timber Company Merger”). As a part of the merger, The Timber Company shareholders received 1.37 shares of Plum Creek’s common stock for each Unit, or approximately 112.7 million shares. Immediately following the merger, the assets and liabilities of The Timber Company were transferred to the Operating Partnership. The Timber Company Merger in 2001 has been accounted for as a reverse acquisition, with The Timber Company being treated as the acquirer for accounting and financial reporting purposes. As a consequence, even though The Timber Company ceased to exist for legal purposes, the historical financial statements of The Timber Company have become the financial statements of the Operating Partnership effective as of the consummation date of the merger. Therefore, the statements of income and cash flows for the year ended December 31, 2001 include the operating results and cash flows of The Timber Company through October 5, 2001 and the operating results and cash flows of the consolidated Operating Partnership from the date of the merger. Because the merger was accounted for as a reverse acquisition, in general when we refer to “Plum Creek” we are referring to Plum Creek Timber Company, Inc. and its subsidiaries after giving effect to the merger and when we refer to “The Timber Company” we are referring to the historic operations of The Timber Company prior to the merger.
Basis of Presentation. The consolidated financial statements of the Operating Partnership include the accounts of Plum Creek Timberlands, L.P. and its subsidiaries. Plum Creek Timberlands, L.P. and its subsidiaries are 100% owned by Plum Creek Timber Company, Inc. Plum Creek Timber Company, Inc. has no independent assets, liabilities or operations other than its investment in Plum Creek Timberlands, L.P. References to “the Operating Partnership,” “we,” “us” or “our” relate to Plum Creek Timberlands, L.P. and subsidiaries. Intercompany transactions and accounts between Plum Creek Timberlands, L.P. and its subsidiaries have been eliminated in consolidation. All transactions are denominated in United States dollars. The financial statements of The Timber Company were prepared on a basis that Georgia-Pacific’s management believed was reasonable and appropriate and include (i) the historical balance sheets, results of operations and cash flows for The Timber Company, with all significant intercompany transactions and balances eliminated; and (ii) assets and liabilities of Georgia-Pacific and related transactions identified with The Timber Company, including allocated portions of Georgia-Pacific’s debt and general and administrative expenses. The Timber Company’s combined financial statements reflect the application of the management and allocation policies adopted by the Board of Directors of Georgia-Pacific to various corporate activities, as described below. At June 30, 1997, $1.0 billion of Georgia-Pacific’s total debt was allocated to The Timber Company for financial statement purposes. Georgia-Pacific’s debt was allocated to The Timber Company based upon a number of factors including expected future cash flows, volatility of earnings, and the ability to pay debt service. In addition, Georgia-Pacific considered certain measures of creditworthiness, such as coverage ratios and various tests of liquidity, as a means of ensuring that each group could continue to pay debt service during a business downcycle. The Timber Company’s debt increased or decreased by the amount of any net cash generated by, or required to fund, its operating activities, investing activities, and financing activities. Georgia-Pacific’s management believed that such allocation was equitable and reasonable. Interest was charged to The Timber Company in proportion to the respective amount of its debt at a rate equal to the weighted-average interest rate of Georgia-Pacific’s debt calculated on a quarterly basis. Georgia-Pacific’s management believed that this method of allocating the cost of debt was equitable and provided a reasonable estimate of the cost attributable to the two business groups. Changes to the cost of Georgia-Pacific’s debt were reflected in adjustments to the weighted average interest cost of such debt. A portion of Georgia-Pacific’s shared general and administrative expenses (such as executive management, human resources, legal, accounting and auditing, tax, treasury, strategic planning and information systems support) were allocated to The Timber Company based upon identification of such services specifically used by The Timber Company. Where determinations based on a specific usage alone have been impracticable, other methods and criteria were used that Georgia-Pacific’s management believed were equitable and provided a reasonable estimate of the cost attributable to The Timber Company. These methods consisted of allocation cost based on (i) number of employees of each group, (ii) percentage of office space and (iii) estimated percentage of staff time utilized. The total of these allocations were $2 million for 2001 through the date of the merger. It is not practicable to provide a detailed estimate of the expense that would have been recognized if The Timber Company had been a separate legal entity. A portion of Georgia-Pacific’s employee benefit costs, including pension and postretirement health care and life insurance benefits, was allocated to The Timber Company. The Timber Company’s pension cost related to its participation in Georgia-Pacific’s noncontributory defined benefit pension plan, and other employee benefit costs related to its participation in Georgia-Pacific’s postretirement health care and life insurance benefit plans, were actuarially determined based on the number of its employees and an allocable share of the plan assets and are calculated in accordance with Statement of Financial Accounting Standards (“SFAS”) No. 87, “Employers’ Accounting for Pensions,” and SFAS No. 106, “Employers’ Accounting for Postretirement Benefits Other Than Pensions,” respectively. Georgia-Pacific’s management believed such method of allocation was equitable and provided a reasonable estimate of the costs attributable to The Timber Company.
The federal income taxes of Georgia-Pacific and the subsidiaries that owned assets allocated to The Timber Company were determined on a consolidated basis. Consolidated federal income tax provisions and related tax payments or refunds were allocated to The Timber Company based principally on the taxable income and tax credits directly attributable to it. Such allocations reflected The Timber Company’s contribution (positive or negative) to Georgia-Pacific’s consolidated federal taxable income and the consolidated federal tax liability and tax credit position. Tax benefits, if any, generated by The Timber Company that could not have been used by The Timber Company, but could be used on a consolidated basis, were credited to The Timber Company. Had The Timber Company filed a separate tax return for 2001 through the date of The Timber Company Merger, the provision for income taxes and net income for The Timber Company would not have differed significantly from the amounts reported on the Operating Partnership’s statement of income for the year ended December 31, 2001. Depending on the tax laws of various jurisdictions, state and local income taxes were calculated on either a consolidated or combined basis or on a separate corporation basis. State income tax provisions and related tax payments or refunds determined on a consolidated or combined basis were allocated to The Timber Company based on its contribution to such consolidated or combined state taxable incomes. State and local income tax provisions and related tax payments that were determined on a separate corporation basis were allocated to The Timber Company in a manner designed to reflect the contributions of The Timber Company’s separate state or local taxable income. Change in Year-End. Effective October 6, 2001, the financial statements of the Operating Partnership are based on a fiscal year ending December 31. Prior to the merger, The Timber Company’s fiscal year ended on the Saturday closest to December 31. Use of Estimates. The preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Business Concentrations. Sales of the Operating Partnership’s products are dependent upon the economic conditions of the housing, repair and remodeling, industrial, and pulp and paper industries. Changes in these industries may significantly affect management’s estimates and the Operating Partnership’s performance. Revenue Recognition. Timber sales are recognized when legal ownership and the risk of loss transfer to the purchaser and the quantity sold is determinable. This occurs when a purchaser acquires stumpage or standing timber, or when a purchaser receives logs on a delivered sale agreement. There are two types of stumpage agreements. First, a timber deed agreement is one in which the buyer purchases and takes title to all timber on a tract of land. When title passes (usually when the contract is signed), revenue is recognized for the full value of all timber on the tract. Second, a pay-as-cut contract agreement is one in which the purchaser acquires the right to harvest specified timber on a tract, at an agreed-to price per unit. The sale and any related advances are recognized as the purchaser harvests the timber on the tract. For delivered sales, the title and risk of loss passes and revenue, including amounts billed for shipping and handling, is recognized, when the log is delivered to the customer. Subsequent to The Timber Company Merger, as a result of certain REIT requirements, the Operating Partnership ceased using timber deed agreements and began using lump-sum sale agreements. Under a lump-sum sale, the parties agree to a lump-sum price for all the timber available for harvest on a tract of land. Generally the lump-sum price is paid when the contract is signed. However, unlike timber deeds, title to the timber and risk of loss transfers to the buyer as the timber is cut. Therefore, revenue is recognized each month based on the timber harvested compared to total timber available to be harvested on a tract of land over the term of the contract (usually 12 to 18 months). An adjustment may be required at the completion of the contract to the extent the actual timber harvested was different than the estimate of timber available for harvest based on the timber cruise.
Revenues generated from the sale of lumber, plywood, MDF and related by-products, primarily wood chips, and amounts billed for shipping and handling, are recognized at the time of delivery. Revenues generated from real estate sales include the sale of higher and better use timberlands and non-strategic timberlands and are recognized when the sale is consummated. In some of these transactions, the Operating Partnership exchanged timberlands that qualified for like-kind (tax-deferred) exchange treatment under the Internal Revenue Code. Substantially all of these exchanges involved a third party intermediary, whereby the third party intermediary received proceeds related to the property disposed and then reinvested the proceeds in like-kind property. The proceeds are recorded as revenues when they are received by the third party intermediary. Cash and Cash Equivalents. All highly liquid investments purchased with an original maturity of three months or less are considered to be cash equivalents. Substantially all of the cash and cash equivalents are invested in money market funds. The Operating Partnership periodically reviews the credit rating of the financial institution where the money market funds are maintained. The Operating Partnership has restricted cash related to certain advances from a customer associated with lump-sum timber sales. When the trees associated with these lump-sum contracts are cut, the Operating Partnership may access the cash. Accounts Receivable. Accounts receivable at December 31, 2003 and 2002 is presented net of an allowance for doubtful accounts of $1 million. Accounts are deemed past due based on payment terms. The allowance for doubtful accounts represents management’s estimate and is based on historical losses, recent collection history and credit ratings of individual customers and existing economic conditions. Delinquent accounts are charged off against the allowance for doubtful accounts to the extent and at the time they are deemed uncollectible. Grantor Trusts. Several grantor trusts have been established for deferred compensation. Assets, which include money market and mutual fund investments, are classified as “trading securities” and are carried at market value. Realized gains and losses and changes in unrealized gains and losses and a corresponding amount of compensation expense are recorded in the consolidated statement of income. Additionally, at December 31, 2003 and 2002, the trusts held 0.3 million shares of common stock of Plum Creek Timber Company, Inc., which are carried at historical cost. Inventories. Logs, work-in-process and finished goods of the Operating Partnership are stated at the lower of cost or market on the average cost method. Supplies inventories are stated at cost. Costs for manufactured inventories included raw materials, labor, supplies, energy, depreciation and production overhead. Cost of log inventories included timber depletion, stumpage, associated logging and harvesting costs, road costs and production overhead. Timber and Timberlands. Timber and timberlands, including logging roads, are stated at cost less accumulated depletion for timber previously harvested and accumulated road amortization. The Operating Partnership capitalizes timber and timberland purchases and reforestation costs and other costs associated with the planting and growing of timber, such as site preparation, growing or purchases of seedlings, planting, fertilization, herbicide application and the thinning of tree stands to improve growth. Timber carrying costs, such as real estate taxes, insect control, wildlife control, leases of timberlands (other than lease payments for the purchase of standing timber, in which case the payments are capitalized) and forest management personnel salaries and fringe benefits, are expensed as incurred. Costs of major roads are capitalized and amortized over 30 years. Costs for roads that are built to access multiple logging sites over numerous years are capitalized and amortized over 6 years. Costs for roads built to access a single logging site are expensed as incurred. Costs attributable to timber harvested, or depletion, are charged against income as trees are cut. Depletion rates are determined annually based on the relationship between net carrying value of the timber plus certain capitalizable silviculture costs expected to be incurred over the harvest cycle and total timber volume estimated to be available over the harvest cycle. The depletion rate calculations do not include an estimate for either future reforestation costs associated with a stand’s final harvest or future volume in connection with the replanting of a stand subsequent to its final harvest. Net carrying value of the timber and timberlands is used to compute the gain or loss in connection with real estate sales. There is no book basis allocated to the sale of conservation easements.
The Operating Partnership enters into like-kind (tax-deferred) exchange transactions to acquire and sell assets, principally timberlands. During 2003, the Operating Partnership acquired assets totaling $57 million under tax-deferred exchange transactions compared to $33 million during 2002 and $25 million during 2001. Also during 2003, the Operating Partnership disposed of assets for consideration of $53 million under tax-deferred exchange transactions, compared to $36 million during 2002 and $30 million during 2001. Property, Plant and Equipment. Property, plant and equipment are recorded at cost. Replacements of major units of property are capitalized, and the replaced properties are retired. Replacement of minor components of property and repair and maintenance costs, are charged to expense as incurred. All property, plant and equipment other than manufacturing machinery (lumber, plywood and MDF) are depreciated using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the related assets. Manufacturing machinery and equipment are depreciated on a units-of-production basis, which approximates a straight-line basis. Useful lives are 25 years for land improvements, 20 to 45 years for buildings, and 3 to 20 years for machinery and equipment. Leasehold improvements are depreciated over the lease term or estimated useful life, whichever is shorter. The cost and related accumulated depreciation of property sold or retired are removed from the accounts and any gain or loss is recorded. In accounting for its coalbed methane gas exploration and development costs, the Operating Partnership follows the successful efforts method. Under this method, the gas exploratory costs, other than those of drilling exploratory wells, are charged to expense as incurred. The costs of drilling exploratory wells are capitalized pending discovery of proved commercial reserves, and either (i) expensed, if proven commercial reserves are not discovered, or (ii) capitalized with costs to develop proved reserves, including the costs of all development wells and related equipment used in the production of natural gas and crude oil. The costs of producing properties are amortized using the units-of-production method over estimated recoverable gas reserves. Shipping and Handling Costs. Costs incurred for shipping timber and manufactured products are included in cost of goods sold. Stock-Based Compensation Plans. At December 31, 2003, Plum Creek had stock-based employee compensation plans, which are described more fully in Note 9 of the Notes to Financial Statements. The cost of the stock-based employee compensation plans has been allocated to the Operating Partnership. Prior to 2002, the Operating Partnership accounted for those plans under the recognition and measurement provisions of Accounting Principles Board Opinion (“APB”) No. 25, “Accounting for Stock Issued to Employees,” and related Interpretations. Except for approximately $0.6 million related to the acceleration in vesting of certain Timber Company options in 2001, no stock-based employee compensation cost related to stock options is reflected in 2001 net income, as all options granted under those plans had an exercise price equal to the market value of the underlying common stock on the date of grant. In the second quarter of 2002 the Operating Partnership adopted the fair value recognition provisions of SFAS No. 123, “Accounting for Stock-Based Compensation,” effective January 1, 2002 prospectively to all employee awards granted, modified, or settled after January 1, 2002. Accounting for employee stock options in accordance with SFAS No. 123 is considered preferable because it results in all forms of employee compensation, including stock-based compensation, being charged to expense in the income statement. This accounting policy change had no impact on previously reported operating income or net income. The impact of the accounting change on compensation expense was an increase of approximately $0.4 million for 2002. In accordance with the transitioning provisions of SFAS No. 123, no cumulative effect adjustment was recorded.
Stock option awards generally vest over a four-year period at a rate of 25% per year. Therefore, the cost related to stock-based employee compensation included in the determination of net income for 2003 and 2002 is less than that which would have been recognized if the fair value based method had been applied to all awards since the original effective date of SFAS No. 123. The following table illustrates the effect on net income if the fair value based method had been applied to all outstanding and unvested awards for theyears ended December 31 (in millions):
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