CRH (CRH) 10-K 29 Feb 24 2023 FY Annual report Financial data

Cover

Cover - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Feb. 15, 2024	Jun. 30, 2023
Document Information [Line Items]
Document Type	10-K
Document Annual Report	true
Document Period End Date	Dec. 31, 2023
Current Fiscal Year End Date	--12-31
Document Transition Report	false
Entity File Number	001-32846
Entity Registrant Name	CRH public limited company
Entity Tax Identification Number	98-0366809
Entity Address, Address Line One	Stonemason’s Way
Entity Address, Address Line Two	Rathfarnham
Entity Address, City or Town	Dublin
Entity Address, Postal Zip Code	D16 KH51
Entity Address, Country	IE
Country Region	+353
City Area Code	1
Local Phone Number	404 1000
Entity Well-known Seasoned Issuer	Yes
Entity Voluntary Filers	No
Entity Current Reporting Status	Yes
Entity Interactive Data Current	Yes
Entity Filer Category	Large Accelerated Filer
Entity Emerging Growth Company	false
Entity Small Business	false
ICFR Auditor Attestation Flag	true
Document Financial Statement Error Correction [Flag]	false
Entity Shell Company	false
Entity Public Float			$ 40,589,313,781
Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding		690,357,372
Documents Incorporated by Reference	None.
Amendment Flag	false
Document Fiscal Year Focus	2023
Document Fiscal Period Focus	FY
Entity Central Index Key	0000849395
Entity Incorporation, State or Country Code	L2
Common Stock
Document Information [Line Items]
Title of 12(b) Security	Ordinary Shares
Trading Symbol	CRH
Security Exchange Name	NYSE
6.400% U.S. Dollar notes due 2033 (i)
Document Information [Line Items]
Title of 12(b) Security	6.40% notes due 2033
Trading Symbol	CRH/33A
Security Exchange Name	NYSE

Audit Information

Audit Information	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023
Audit Information [Abstract]
Auditor Name	Deloitte Ireland LLP
Auditor Location	Dublin, Ireland
Auditor Firm ID	1193

Consolidated Statements of Inco

Consolidated Statements of Income - USD ($) shares in Millions, $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Total revenues	$ 34,949	$ 32,723	$ 29,206
Total cost of revenues	(22,986)	(21,908)	(19,379)
Gross profit	11,963	10,815	9,827
Selling, general and administrative expenses	(7,486)	(7,056)	(6,538)
Gain on disposal of long-lived assets	66	50	38
Loss on impairments	(357)	0	0
Operating income	4,186	3,809	3,327
Interest income	206	65	0
Interest expense	(376)	(344)	(315)
Other nonoperating (expense) income, net	(2)	(69)	90
Income from continuing operations before income tax expense and income from equity method investments	4,014	3,461	3,102
Income tax expense	(925)	(762)	(650)
(Loss) income from equity method investments	(17)	0	55
Income from continuing operations	3,072	2,699	2,507
Income from discontinued operations, net of income tax expense	0	1,190	179
Net income	3,072	3,889	2,686
Net (income) attributable to redeemable noncontrolling interests	(28)	(27)	(22)
Net loss (income) attributable to noncontrolling interests	134	0	(34)
Net income attributable to CRH plc	$ 3,178	$ 3,862	$ 2,630
Basic earnings per share attributable to CRH plc
Basic earnings per share attributable to CRHplc, continuing operations (in USD per share)	$ 4.36	$ 3.58	$ 3.12
Basic earnings per share attributable to CRH plc, discontinued operations (in USD per share)	0	1.57	0.23
Basic earnings per share attributable to CRH plc, net income (in USD per share)	4.36	5.15	3.35
Diluted earnings per share attributable to CRH plc
Diluted earnings per share attributable to CRH plc, continuing operations (in USD per share)	4.33	3.55	3.09
Diluted earnings per share attributable to CRH plc, discontinued operations (in USD per share)	0	1.56	0.23
Diluted earnings per share attributable to CRH plc, net income (in USD per share)	$ 4.33	$ 5.11	$ 3.32
Weighted average common shares outstanding
Weighted average common shares outstanding, basic (in shares)	723.9	758.3	780.2
Weighted average common shares outstanding, diluted (in shares)	729.2	764.1	786.8
Product
Total revenues	$ 26,156	$ 24,519	$ 22,187
Total cost of revenues	(14,741)	(14,123)	(12,817)
Service
Total revenues	8,793	8,204	7,019
Total cost of revenues	$ (8,245)	$ (7,785)	$ (6,562)

Consolidated Statements of Comp

Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Statement of Comprehensive Income [Abstract]
Net income	$ 3,072	$ 3,889	$ 2,686
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax:
Currency translation adjustment	310	(665)	(367)
Net change in fair value of effective portion of cash flow hedges, net of tax of $1 million, $6 million, and $(6) million in 2023, 2022, and 2021, respectively	(28)	(37)	19
Actuarial (losses) gains and prior service (costs) credits for pension and other postretirement plans, net of tax of $17 million, $(66) million, and $(41) million in 2023, 2022, and 2021, respectively	(108)	294	232
Other comprehensive income (loss)	174	(408)	(116)
Comprehensive income	3,246	3,481	2,570
Comprehensive (income) attributable to redeemable noncontrolling interests	(28)	(27)	(22)
Comprehensive loss attributable to noncontrolling interests	131	46	1
Comprehensive income attributable to CRH plc	$ 3,349	$ 3,500	$ 2,549

Consolidated Statements of Co_2

Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income - Parenthetical - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Statement of Comprehensive Income [Abstract]
Other comprehensive income (loss), cash flow hedge, gain (loss) after reclassification, tax	$ 1	$ 6	$ (6)
Other comprehensive (income) loss, defined benefit plan, after reclassification adjustment, tax	$ 17	$ (66)	$ (41)

Consolidated Balance Sheets

Consolidated Balance Sheets - USD ($) $ in Millions	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$ 6,341	$ 5,936
Accounts receivable, net	4,507	4,300
Inventories	4,291	4,194
Assets held for sale	1,268	0
Other current assets	478	403
Total current assets	16,885	14,833
Property, plant and equipment, net	17,841	17,768
Equity method investments	620	649
Goodwill	9,158	9,199
Intangible assets, net	1,041	1,088
Operating lease right-of-use assets, net	1,292	1,175
Other noncurrent assets	632	607
Total assets	47,469	45,319
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable	3,149	2,930
Accrued expenses	2,296	2,132
Current portion of long-term debt	1,866	1,491
Operating lease liabilities	255	238
Liabilities held for sale	375	0
Other current liabilities	2,072	1,250
Total current liabilities	10,013	8,041
Long-term debt	9,776	8,145
Deferred income tax liabilities	2,738	2,885
Noncurrent operating lease liabilities	1,125	1,000
Other noncurrent liabilities	2,196	2,208
Total liabilities	25,848	22,279
Commitments and contingencies (Note 24)
Redeemable noncontrolling interests	333	308
Shareholders’ equity
Preferred stock, €1.27 par value, 150,000 shares authorized and 50,000 shares issued and outstanding for 5% preferred stock and 872,000 shares authorized, issued and outstanding for 7% 'A' preferred stock, as of December 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022	1	1
Common stock, €0.32 par value, 1,250,000,000 shares authorized; 734,519,598 and 752,140,338 shares issued and outstanding, as of December 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively	296	302
Treasury stock, at cost (42,419,281 and 7,712,885 shares as of December 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively)	(2,199)	(297)
Additional paid-in capital	454	443
Accumulated other comprehensive loss	(616)	(787)
Retained earnings	22,918	22,495
Total shareholders’ equity attributable to CRH plc shareholders	20,854	22,157
Noncontrolling interests	434	575
Total equity	21,288	22,732
Total liabilities, redeemable noncontrolling interests and equity	$ 47,469	$ 45,319

Consolidated Balance Sheet - (P

Consolidated Balance Sheet - (Parenthetical) - € / shares	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Preferred stock, par value per share (in EUR per share)	€ 1.27	€ 1.27
Common stock, par value per share (in EUR per share)	€ 0.32	€ 0.32
Common stock, shares authorized (in shares)	1,250,000,000	1,250,000,000
Common stock, shares, issued (in shares)	734,519,598	752,140,338
Common stock, shares, outstanding (in shares)	734,519,598	752,140,338
Treasury stock (in shares)	42,419,281	7,712,885
5% Preferred Stock
Preferred stock, shares authorized (in shares)	150,000	150,000
Preferred stock, shares issued (in shares)	50,000	50,000
Preferred stock, shares outstanding (in shares)	50,000	50,000
Preferred stock dividend rate percentage	5%
7% Preferred Stock
Preferred stock, shares authorized (in shares)	872,000	872,000
Preferred stock, shares issued (in shares)	872,000	872,000
Preferred stock, shares outstanding (in shares)	872,000	872,000
Preferred stock dividend rate percentage	7%

Consolidated Statements of Cash

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Cash Flows from Operating Activities:
Net income	$ 3,072	$ 3,889	$ 2,686
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
Depreciation, depletion and amortization	1,633	1,577	1,551
Loss on impairments	357	0	0
Share-based compensation	123	101	110
Gains on disposals from discontinued operations, businesses and long-lived assets, net	(66)	(1,422)	(119)
Deferred tax (benefit) expense	(64)	(63)	99
Loss (income) from equity method investments	17	0	(55)
Pension and other postretirement benefits net periodic benefit cost	31	30	61
Non-cash operating lease costs	293	273	318
Other items, net	68	45	11
Changes in operating assets and liabilities, net of effects of acquisitions and divestitures:
Accounts receivable, net	(164)	(226)	(404)
Inventories	(60)	(655)	(439)
Accounts payable	144	403	539
Operating lease liabilities	(276)	(269)	(299)
Other assets	25	(45)	(124)
Other liabilities	(72)	205	95
Pension and other postretirement benefits contributions	(44)	(43)	(51)
Net cash provided by operating activities	5,017	3,800	3,979
Cash Flows from Investing Activities:
Purchases of property, plant and equipment	(1,817)	(1,523)	(1,554)
Acquisitions, net of cash acquired	(640)	(3,253)	(1,494)
Proceeds from divestitures and disposals of long-lived assets	104	3,827	387
Dividends received from equity method investments	44	36	32
Settlements of derivatives	(1)	(11)	0
Deferred divestiture consideration received	6	52	120
Other investing activities, net	(87)	(45)	(4)
Net cash used in investing activities	(2,391)	(917)	(2,513)
Cash Flows from Financing Activities:
Proceeds from debt issuances	3,163	38	0
Payments on debt	(1,462)	(364)	(1,183)
Settlements of derivatives	7	(11)	(37)
Payments of finance lease obligations	(26)	(28)	(29)
Deferred and contingent acquisition consideration paid	(22)	(24)	(29)
Dividends paid	(940)	(917)	(906)
Distributions to noncontrolling and redeemable noncontrolling interests	(35)	(23)	(40)
Transactions involving noncontrolling interests	(2)	(3)	0
Repurchases of common stock	(3,067)	(1,178)	(896)
Proceeds from exercise of stock options	4	11	13
Net cash used in financing activities	(2,380)	(2,499)	(3,107)
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents	208	(231)	(297)
Increase/(decrease) in cash and cash equivalents	454	153	(1,938)
Cash and cash equivalents at the beginning of year	5,936	5,783	7,721
Cash and cash equivalents at the end of year	6,390	5,936	5,783
Supplemental cash flow information:
Cash paid for interest (including finance leases)	418	329	340
Cash paid for income taxes	959	1,043	642
Reconciliation of cash and cash equivalents
Cash and cash equivalents presented in the Consolidated Balance Sheets	6,341	5,936	5,783
Cash and cash equivalents included in assets held for sale	49	0	0
Total cash and cash equivalents presented on the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows	$ 6,390	$ 5,936	$ 5,783

Consolidated Statements of Chan

Consolidated Statements of Changes in Equity - USD ($) $ in Millions	Total	Total Shareholders' Equity Attributable to CRH plc Shareholders	Preferred Stock	Common Stock	Treasury Stock	Additional Paid-in Capital	Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss	Retained Earnings	Noncontrolling Interests
Shares, outstanding, beginning balance (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2020			900,000	1,590,200,000
Balance at the beginning of the year at Dec. 31, 2020	$ 20,412	$ 19,765	$ 1	$ 333	$ (386)	$ 7,937	$ (344)	$ 12,224	$ 647
Treasury stock, common, shares beginning balance (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2020					(10,300,000)
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Net income	2,664	2,630						2,630	34
Other comprehensive loss	(116)	(81)					(81)		(35)
Share-based compensation	110	110				110
Repurchase of common stock (in shares)					(18,200,000)
Repurchases of common stock	(896)	(896)			$ (896)
Retirement of treasury stock (in shares)				(21,000,000)	(21,000,000)
Retirement of treasury stock	0			$ (8)	$ 951			(943)
Repurchase and retirement of common stock (in shares)				(795,100,000)
Repurchases and retirement of common stock	0			$ (16)		16
Reduction in additional paid-in capital	0					(7,493)		7,493
Shares issued under employee share plans (in shares)					3,800,000
Shares issued under employee share plans	13	13			$ 136	(112)		(11)
Dividends declared on common stock	(909)	(909)						(909)
Distributions to noncontrolling interests	(14)								(14)
Adjustment of redeemable noncontrolling interests to redemption value	(18)	(18)						(18)
Shares, outstanding, ending balance (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2021			900,000	774,100,000
Balance at the end of the year at Dec. 31, 2021	21,246	20,614	$ 1	$ 309	$ (195)	458	(425)	20,466	632
Treasury stock, common, shares ending balance (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2021					(3,700,000)
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Net income	3,862	3,862						3,862
Other comprehensive loss	(408)	(362)					(362)		(46)
Share-based compensation	$ 101	101				101
Repurchase of common stock (in shares)	(29,755,861)				(30,000,000)
Repurchases of common stock	$ (1,178)	(1,178)			$ (1,178)
Retirement of treasury stock (in shares)	(22,000,000)			(22,000,000)	(22,000,000)
Retirement of treasury stock	$ 0			$ (7)	$ 879			(872)
Shares issued under employee share plans (in shares)					4,000,000
Shares issued under employee share plans	11	11			$ 197	(116)		(70)
Dividends declared on common stock	(931)	(931)						(931)
Distributions to noncontrolling interests	(8)								(8)
Transactions involving noncontrolling interests	(3)								(3)
Adjustment of redeemable noncontrolling interests to redemption value	40	40						40
Shares, outstanding, ending balance (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2022			900,000	752,100,000
Balance at the end of the year at Dec. 31, 2022	$ 22,732	22,157	$ 1	$ 302	$ (297)	443	(787)	22,495	575
Treasury stock, common, shares ending balance (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2022	7,712,885				(7,700,000)
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Net income	$ 3,044	3,178						3,178	(134)
Other comprehensive loss	174	171					171		3
Share-based compensation	$ 123	123				123
Repurchase of common stock (in shares)	(54,900,928)				(38,200,000)
Repurchases of common stock	$ (2,019)	(2,019)			$ (2,019)
Retirement of treasury stock (in shares)	(17,620,740)
Repurchase and retirement of common stock (in shares)				(17,600,000)
Repurchases and retirement of common stock	$ (1,048)	(1,048)		$ (6)				(1,042)
Shares issued under employee share plans (in shares)					3,500,000
Shares issued under employee share plans	4	4			$ 117	(112)		(1)
Dividends declared on common stock	(1,688)	(1,688)						(1,688)
Distributions to noncontrolling interests	(8)								(8)
Transactions involving noncontrolling interests	(2)								(2)
Adjustment of redeemable noncontrolling interests to redemption value	(24)	(24)						(24)
Shares, outstanding, ending balance (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2023			900,000	734,500,000
Balance at the end of the year at Dec. 31, 2023	$ 21,288	$ 20,854	$ 1	$ 296	$ (2,199)	$ 454	$ (616)	$ 22,918	$ 434
Treasury stock, common, shares ending balance (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2023	42,419,281				(42,400,000)

Consolidated Statements of Ch_2

Consolidated Statements of Changes in Equity - (Parenthetical) - $ / shares	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Statement of Stockholders' Equity [Abstract]
Dividends declared on common stock (in usd per share)	$ 1.33	$ 1.27	$ 1.21

Summary of significant accounti

Summary of significant accounting policies	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023
Accounting Policies [Abstract]
Summary of significant accounting policies	1. Summary of significant accounting policies 1.1. Description of business CRH plc, (the Company) is a multinational company incorporated and domiciled in the Republic of Ireland that operates in the building materials industry, providing essential products and services for construction projects worldwide. The Company is one of the largest suppliers of building materials globally. The Company is a major producer of aggregates, cement, readymixed concrete, and asphalt and a supplier of paving and constructions services, providing solutions to a wide range of customers, including contractors, builders, engineers, infrastructure developers, and the residential market. Effective January 1, 2023, the Company restructured into two Divisions, CRH Americas and CRH Europe. During the first quarter of 2023, the Company’s reportable segments increased from three to four reportable segments, see Note 20 for further information. A summary of significant accounting policies used in the preparation of the accompanying Consolidated Financial Statements follows. 1.2. Basis of presentation and use of estimates Effective January 1, 2023, the Company transitioned from International Financial Reporting Standards as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board (IFRS) to accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (U.S. GAAP). The accompanying Consolidated Financial Statements and notes thereto, including all prior periods presented, have been presented under U.S. GAAP, which requires management to make certain estimates and assumptions about future events. These estimates and the underlying assumptions affect the amounts of assets and liabilities reported, disclosures about contingent assets and liabilities and reported amounts of revenues and expenses. Such estimates include impairment of long-lived assets, impairment of goodwill, pension and other postretirement benefits, tax matters and litigation, including insurance and environmental compliance costs. These estimates and assumptions are based on management’s judgment. Estimates and underlying assumptions are reviewed on an ongoing basis. Changes in accounting estimates may be necessary if there are changes in the circumstances or experiences on which the estimate was based or as a result of new information. Changes in estimates, including those resulting from changes in the economic environment, are reflected in the Consolidated Financial Statements for the period in which the change in estimate occurs. 1.3. Consolidation The Consolidated Financial Statements include the accounts of CRH plc, and the wholly and majority owned subsidiaries of CRH plc, in addition to variable interest entities (VIEs) in which the Company is the primary beneficiary. In evaluating whether the Company has a controlling financial interest, the following are considered: (1) for voting interest entities, the Company consolidates those entities in which they own a majority of the voting interests; and (2) for VIEs, the Company consolidates those entities for which they are the primary beneficiary. All intercompany transactions and accounts have been eliminated. The Company uses the equity method of accounting for their investments in entities over which the Company has the ability to exercise significant influence over the operating and financial policies or exercise joint control with other investors but does not control and is not the primary beneficiary. Equity method investments are initially recognized at cost and are included within Equity method investments in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. The Company’s proportionate interest in the results of the investment is included within Income (loss) from equity method investments in the Consolidated Statements of Income. Where the Company is an active party to contractual arrangements that involve a joint operating activity and is exposed to significant risks and rewards that are dependent on the commercial success of the activity, the Company treats such operations as collaborative arrangements. For such operations, the Company accounts for its pro rata share of assets, liabilities, revenues, and costs in the Consolidated Balance Sheets and Consolidated Statements of Income. 1.4. Noncontrolling interests – nonredeemable and redeemable Noncontrolling interests represent the portion of the equity of a subsidiary not attributable either directly or indirectly to the Company and are presented separately in the Consolidated Statements of Income and within equity in the Consolidated Balance Sheets, distinguished from Company shareholders’ equity. Acquisitions of noncontrolling interests are accounted for as transactions with equity holders in their capacity as equity holders and therefore no goodwill is recognized as a result of such transactions. Noncontrolling interests are measured initially at fair value. Noncontrolling interests with redemption features, such as put/call options, that are not solely within the Company’s control (redeemable noncontrolling interests) are reported separately in the Consolidated Balance Sheets at the greater of carrying value or redemption value. The redeemable noncontrolling interests comprises the noncontrolling interests in two of the Company’s subsidiaries within the Americas Materials Solutions segment. The respective shareholders’ agreements for these entities contain put options that provide the noncontrolling shareholders the right to put their shares to the Company at a value based on a calculated formula. The put options are currently exercisable. See Note 23 for further information. 1.5. Business combinations Acquisitions are accounted for using the acquisition method, which requires allocation of the purchase price to assets acquired and liabilities assumed based on estimated fair values. The purchase price is determined based on the fair value of consideration transferred to and liabilities assumed from the seller as of the date of acquisition. The Company allocates the purchase price to the fair values of the tangible and identifiable intangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed as of the date of acquisition. Any excess of the purchase price over the fair value of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed is recorded as goodwill. Determining the fair values of assets acquired and liabilities assumed requires judgment and often involves the use of significant estimates and assumptions. Fair value is the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction, and therefore represents an exit price. A fair value measurement assumes the highest and best use of the asset by market participants. Allocations of the purchase price are based on preliminary estimates and assumptions at the date of acquisition and are subject to revision based on final information received including appraisals and other analyses which support underlying estimates within the measurement period, a period of no more than one year from the acquisition date. Measurement period adjustments are generally recorded as increases or decreases to goodwill, if any, recognized in the transaction. See Note 4 for further information. 1.6. Foreign currency translation The Consolidated Financial Statements are presented in U.S. Dollar, which is the reporting currency of the Company. Transactions in foreign currencies are recorded at the rate of exchange in effect at the date of the transaction. Monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies are retranslated at the rate of exchange in effect at the balance sheet date. The Company releases any related cumulative translation adjustment into earnings only if the sale or transfer results in the complete or substantially complete liquidation of the foreign entity. Non-monetary items are measured at historical rates. Results and cash flows of subsidiaries and equity method investments with non-U.S. Dollar functional currencies have been translated into U.S. Dollar at average exchange rates for the periods, and the related balance sheets have been translated at the rates of exchange in effect at the balance sheet date. Adjustments arising on translation of the results and net assets of non-U.S. Dollar subsidiaries and equity method investments are recognized as a component of Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) and Noncontrolling interests both of which are presented in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. 1.7. Revenue recognition The Company recognizes revenues in the amount of the price expected to be received for goods and services supplied at a point in time or over time, as contractual performance obligations are fulfilled, and control of goods and services passes to the customer. Revenue excludes trade discounts and value-added tax or sales tax. Revenues derived from sale of goods (sources other than construction contracts) The Company manufactures and supplies a diverse range of building materials and products. Revenues from the sale of goods are recognized at a point in time when control of the promised goods is transferred to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the Company expects to be entitled to receive in exchange for the goods. Control is obtained when a customer has the ability to direct the use of and obtain substantially all of the remaining benefits from the goods. Control passes to the customer either upon leaving the Company’s premises or upon delivery to the customer, depending on the terms of the sale. Contracts do not contain multiple performance obligations. Goods are often sold with discounts or rebates based on cumulative sales over a period. This variable consideration is only recognized when it is probable that it will not be subsequently reversed and is recognized using the most-likely amount or expected value methods, depending on the individual contract terms. Estimates of variable consideration and determination of whether to include estimated amounts in the transaction price are based on the assessment of anticipated performance and all information (historical, current, and forecasted) that is reasonably available to management. Revenues derived from construction contracts The Company enters into construction contracts to complete large construction projects. Contracts usually commence and complete within one year and are generally fixed price but may be subject to indexation and/or escalation clauses that can either increase or decrease the final transaction price. The Company typically recognizes revenue within its construction contract businesses over time as it performs its obligations. The Company believes this best reflects the transfer of control to the customer by providing a faithful depiction of the enhancement of a customer-controlled asset or the construction of an asset with no alternative use. The percentage-of-completion method is used to recognize revenue when the outcome of a contract can be estimated reliably. The percentage-of-completion is calculated using an input method and based on the proportion of contract costs incurred at the balance sheet date relative to the total estimated costs of the contract. In all construction contract arrangements, the Company has an enforceable right to payment for work and performance obligations completed to date. Some of the Company’s construction contracts may contain forms of variable consideration that can either increase or decrease the transaction price. Variable consideration is estimated based on the most likely amount or expected value methods (depending on the contract terms) and the transaction price is adjusted to the extent it is probable that a significant reversal of revenue recognized will not occur. See Note 2 for further information. 1.8. Contract assets and liabilities A contract asset is recognized when the related performance obligation has been satisfied, but the Company has not yet invoiced the customer and so is not unconditionally entitled to the consideration under the payment terms set out in the contract. Contract assets are classified as Accounts receivable, net, in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. A contract liability is recognized when a non-refundable payment is received from a customer in advance of work being performed. A contract liability would also be recognized if the Company has an unconditional right to receive non-refundable consideration before the Company recognizes the related revenue. Contract liabilities are classified as Other current liabilities in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. The Company’s contracts generally are for a duration of less than one year and therefore the Company does not capitalize incremental contract costs; instead these are expensed as incurred, as permitted by the practical expedient. 1.9. Cash and cash equivalents Cash and cash equivalents include cash on hand and all highly liquid investments with original maturities at the time of purchase of three months or less. The Company had restricted cash of $6 million and $5 million at December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively, included within Cash and cash equivalents in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. The Company is restricted from utilizing the cash for purposes other than with government approval as it is linked to the awarding of government licenses for quarrying. 1.10. Accounts receivable, net Accounts receivable are stated at amortized cost. The Company records an allowance for credit losses, which includes an allowance for probable losses based on historical write-offs, adjusted for current conditions as deemed necessary, and a specific reserve for accounts deemed at risk. The allowance is the Company’s estimate for receivables as of the balance sheet date that ultimately will not be collected. Any changes in the allowance are reflected in earnings in the period in which the change occurs. The Company writes-off accounts receivable when it becomes probable, based upon customer facts and circumstances, that such amounts will not be collected. See Note 5 for further information. 1.11. Inventories Inventories are stated at the lower of cost or net realizable value. Cost is determined using the first-in, first-out method or weighted average method. Net realizable value is the estimated selling price in the ordinary course of business, less estimates for costs of completion, disposal, and transportation. Materials and other supplies held for use in the production of inventories are not written down below cost if the finished goods, in which they will be incorporated, are expected to be sold at or above cost. See Note 6 for further information. 1.12. Property, plant and equipment, net Property, plant and equipment are stated at cost less any accumulated depreciation, depletion, and any accumulated impairments. Expenditures for additions and improvements that significantly add to the productive capacity or extend the useful life of an asset are capitalized. Repair and maintenance costs that do not substantially expand productive capacity or extend the life of property, plant and equipment are expensed as incurred. The Company reviews the carrying value of property, plant and equipment for impairment whenever events or circumstances indicate that the carrying value of an asset group may not be recoverable. Such indicators may include, among others, deterioration in general economic conditions, adverse changes in the markets in which an entity operates, increases in input costs that have a negative effect on earnings and cash flows or a trend of negative or declining cash flows over multiple periods. An impairment loss is recognized if the estimated future (undiscounted) cash flows expected to result from the use and eventual disposition of that asset group are less than its carrying value and is measured by the amount by which the carrying value of the asset group exceeds its fair value. The Company capitalizes interest as part of the cost of capital projects incurred during construction. Depreciation is computed using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets, as follows: • Buildings 40 years; and • Plant and machinery 5 to 30 years Mineral-bearing land, less an estimate of its residual value, is depleted over the period of the mineral extraction in the proportion to which product for the year bears to the latest estimates of proven and probable mineral reserves. Land, other than mineral-bearing land, is not depreciated. See Note 7 for further information. 1.13. Leases A contract contains a lease if it is enforceable and conveys the right to control the use of a specified asset for a period of time in exchange for consideration, which is assessed at inception. A right-of-use asset and lease liability are recognized at the commencement date for contracts containing a lease. Leases are evaluated and classified as either finance leases or operating leases. A lease is classified as a finance lease if any one of the following criteria are met: (1) the lease transfers ownership of the asset by the end of the lease term; (2) the lease contains an option to purchase the asset that is reasonably certain to be exercised; (3) the lease term is for a major part of the remaining useful life of the asset; (4) the underlying asset is of such a specialized nature that is expected to have no alternative use to the lessor at the end of the lease term or (5) the present value of the lease payments equals or exceeds substantially all of the fair value of the asset. A lease is classified as an operating lease if it does not meet any one of the above criteria. The lease liability is initially measured at the present value of the future lease payments, discounted using the incremental borrowing rate or the interest rate implicit in the lease, if this is readily determinable, over the remaining lease term. Lease payments include fixed payments less any lease incentives receivable, variable payments that are dependent on a rate or index known at the commencement date, amounts expected to be paid under residual value guarantees and any payments for an optional renewal period and purchase and termination option payments, if the Company is reasonably certain to exercise those options. The lease term is the non-cancellable period of the lease adjusted for any renewal or termination options which are reasonably certain to be exercised. The Company applies judgment in determining whether it is reasonably certain that a renewal, termination or purchase option will be exercised. The right-of-use asset for each lease is initially measured at cost, which comprises the lease liability adjusted for any payments made at or before the commencement date, initial direct costs incurred, lease incentives received and an estimate of the cost to dismantle or restore the underlying asset or the site on which it is located at the end of the lease term. The right-of-use asset of finance leases is amortized over the lease term or, where a purchase option is reasonably certain to be exercised, over the useful economic life of the asset in line with depreciation rates for owned property, plant and equipment. The right-of-use asset of operating leases is amortized as a balancing amount that together with the accretion on lease liability produces straight-line total lease expenses. The amortization of operating lease right-of-use assets and the accretion of operating lease liabilities are reported together as fixed lease expense in the Consolidated Financial Statements. The fixed lease expense is recognized on a straight-line basis over the life of the lease. Interest expense on a finance lease is recognized using the effective interest method over the lease term. The Company has elected to separate non-lease components in a contract such as maintenance and other service charges from the lease component and expense such components as incurred. Variable lease payments directly linked to sales or usage are also expensed as incurred. Additionally, for short-term leases with an initial lease term of 12 months or less and with purchase options which the Company is reasonably certain not to exercise, the Company has elected not to record the corresponding right-of-use asset or the corresponding lease liability in the Consolidated Balance Sheets and to expense short-term lease payments as incurred. Incremental borrowing rates are calculated using a portfolio approach, based on the risk profile of the entity holding the lease and the term and currency of the lease. See Note 12 for further information. 1.14. Asset retirement obligations The Company records a liability for an asset retirement obligation at fair value in the period in which it is incurred where a legal or contractual obligation exists, and the liability can be reasonably estimated. When the liability is initially recorded, the Company capitalizes the cost by increasing the carrying amount of the related long-lived asset. The liability is accreted over time and the asset is depreciated over the useful life of the related asset. Upon settlement of the liability, the Company recognizes a gain or loss for any difference between the settlement amount and the liability recorded. Asset retirement obligations consist primarily of quarry closure and post-closure costs. See Note 13 for further information. 1.15. Derivative financial instruments and hedging practices The Company enters into various derivative financial instruments to manage its exposure to fluctuating interest rates, currency exchange rates, and commodity pricing. Such instruments primarily include interest rate swap agreements, currency swap agreements, commodity swap agreements, and currency and commodity forward contracts. These instruments are not entered into for trading purposes. There are three types of derivatives the Company enters into: (i) those relating to fair value exposures; (ii) those relating to cash flow exposures and (iii) those relating to foreign currency net investment exposures. Fair value exposures relate to recognized assets or liabilities, and firm commitments; cash flow exposures relate to the variability of future cash flows associated with recognized assets or liabilities, or forecasted transactions, and net investment exposures relate to the impact of foreign currency exchange rate changes on the carrying value of net assets denominated in foreign currencies. When a derivative is executed and hedge accounting is appropriate, it is designated as either a fair value hedge, cash flow hedge, or a net investment hedge. Whether designated as hedges for accounting purposes or not, all derivatives are linked to an appropriate underlying exposure. On an ongoing basis, the Company assesses the hedge effectiveness of all derivatives designated as hedges for accounting purposes to determine if they continue to be highly effective in offsetting changes in fair values or cash flows of the underlying hedged items. If it is determined that the hedge is not highly effective, then hedge accounting will be discontinued prospectively. Changes in the fair value of derivatives designated as fair value hedges are recognized in earnings as an offset to the change in the fair values of the underlying exposures being hedged. The changes in fair value of derivatives that are designated as cash flow hedges are deferred in Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) and are reclassified to earnings as the underlying hedged transaction affects earnings. Provided the hedge remains highly effective, any ineffectiveness is deferred in Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) and is reclassified to earnings as the underlying hedged transaction affects earnings. Hedges of net investments in foreign subsidiaries are recognized in the currency translation adjustment component of Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) in the Consolidated Balance Sheets to offset translation gains and losses associated with the hedged net investment. Derivatives that are entered into for risk management purposes and are not designated as hedges are recorded at their fair market values and recognized in net income. The fair values of the Company's derivatives are not material. The notional amount of the Company’s outstanding fair value hedges, cash flow hedges, and net investment hedges was $1,375 million, $550 million, and $1,187 million at December 31, 2023, respectively, and $1,775 million, $683 million, and $1,145 million at December 31, 2022, respectively. The notional amount of derivatives not designated as hedging instruments was $338 million and $280 million at December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. 1.16. Debt Debt is recorded at initial fair value, which normally reflects the proceeds received by the Company, net of debt issuance costs. Debt is subsequently stated at amortized cost. Debt issuance costs are amortized to interest expense over the term of the debt. Debt issuance discounts and premiums are also amortized to interest expense using the effective interest rate method over the term of the debt. Debt issuance costs associated with the Company’s revolving facility are amortized to interest expense on a straight-line basis over the facility’s term. 1.17. Goodwill Goodwill represents the excess of the purchase price over the fair value of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed in a business combination. Goodwill is tested for impairment annually at October 1 or more frequently if events or circumstances indicate that an impairment loss may have been incurred, at the reporting unit level, one level below the Company’s operating segments. The Company has the option of either assessing qualitative factors to determine whether it is more likely than not that the carrying value of the reporting units exceeds their respective fair value or proceeding directly to a quantitative test. The Company elected to perform the quantitative impairment test for all years presented. If the fair value exceeds its carrying value, the goodwill of the reporting unit is not considered impaired. However, if the carrying value of a reporting unit exceeds its fair value, an impairment loss is recognized by writing down the assets to their fair value. See Note 9 for further information. 1.18. Intangible assets, net Intangible assets acquired in business combinations are stated at their fair value as determined at the date of acquisition. Intangible assets are amortized on a straight-line basis. In general, based on the current composition of definite-lived intangible assets, the useful lives for customer-related intangible assets range from 5 to 20 years and the useful lives for marketing-related intangible assets range from 10 to 30 years. The Company evaluates the recoverability of its intangible assets subject to amortization when facts and circumstances indicate that the carrying value of the asset may not be recoverable. If the carrying value is not recoverable, impairment is measured as the amount by which the carrying value exceeds its estimated fair value. See Note 8 for further information. 1.19. Pension and other postretirement benefits The Company sponsors defined benefit retirement plans and also provides other postretirement benefits. The Company recognizes the funded status, defined as the difference between the fair value of plan assets and the benefit obligation, of its pension plans and other postretirement benefits as an asset or liability in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. Actuarial gains or losses that arise during the year are recognized as a component of Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss). Amounts in excess of a corridor are subsequently amortized over the participants’ average remaining service period and recognized as a component of net periodic benefit cost. The corridor represents the excess over 10% of the greater of the projected benefit obligation or pension plan assets and is determined on a plan-by-plan basis. See Note 21 for further information . 1.20. Insurance The Company has insurance arrangements which comprise employer’s liability (workers’ compensation in the United States), public and products liability (general liability in the United States), automobile liability, property damage, business interruption and various other insurances. Due to the extended timeframe associated with many of the insurances, a significant proportion of the total liability is subject to periodic actuarial valuation. The projected cash flows underlying the discounting process are established through the application of actuarial triangulations, which are extrapolated from historical claims experience. While the Company believes the assumptions used to calculate these liabilities are appropriate, significant differences in actual experience and/or significant changes in those assumptions may materially affect insurance liabilities. 1.21. Share-based compensation The Company grants share-based awards, which consist of performance stock units (PSU) and stock options. All of the share-based compensation awards are classified as equity awards. The Company measures share-based compensation awards using fair value based measurement methods. This results in the recognition of compensation expense for all share-based compensation awards based on their fair value as of the grant date. For performance-based awards, compensation expense is recognized only if it is probable that the performance condition will be achieved. Compensation expense is recognized over the requisite service period for time and performance-based awards, net of estimated forfeitures. See Note 17 for further information. 1.22. Treasury Stock The Company accounts for Treasury Stock under the cost method. When Treasury Stock is re-issued at a price higher than its cost, the difference is recorded as a component of additional paid-in capital in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. When Treasury Stock is re-issued at a price lower than its cost, the difference is recorded as a component of additional paid-in capital to the extent that there are previously recorded gains to offset the losses. If there are no Treasury Stock gains in additional paid-in capital, the losses upon re-issuance of Treasury Stock are recorded as a reduction of retained earnings in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. 1.23. Environmental remediation costs The Company records an accrual for environmental remediation liabilities in the period in which it is probable that a liability has been incurred and the appropriate amounts can be estimated reasonably. Such accruals are adjusted as further information develops or circumstances change. Generally, these costs are not discounted to their present value or offset for potential insurance or other claims or potential gains from future alternative uses for a site. 1.24. Income taxes Current tax represents the expected tax payable (or recoverable) on the taxable profit for the year using tax rates enacted for the period. Where items are accounted for outside of profit or loss, the related income tax is recognized either in other comprehensive income (loss) or directly in equity, as appropriate. Interest and penalties associated with the liability for income tax are classified as income tax expense. The Company’s policy is to release tax effects from Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) when the underlying items affect earnings. Deferred tax is recognized using the liability method on temporary differences arising at the balance sheet date between the tax bases of assets and liabilities and their carrying amounts in the Consolidated Financial Statements. However, deferred tax liabilities are not recognized if they arise from the initial recognition of goodwill. For the most part, no provision has been made for undistributed earnings as the majority of earnings are considered indefinitely reinvested or can be distributed on a tax-free basis. However, a temporary difference has been recognized to the extent that earnings are not permanently reinvested. Deferred tax is determined using tax rates (and laws) that have been enacted as of the balance sheet date and are expected to apply when the related deferred income tax asset is realized, or the deferred income tax liability is settled. Deferred tax assets are recognized in full and then reduced by a valuation allowance if it is more likely than not that some or all of the deferred tax assets will not be recognized. The Company’s income tax charge is based on reported profit and enacted statutory tax rates, which reflect various allowances and reliefs available to the Company in the multiple tax jurisdictions in which it operates. The determination of the Company’s provision for inco

Revenue

Revenue	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023
Revenue Recognition and Deferred Revenue [Abstract]
Revenue	2. Revenue The Company disaggregates revenue based on its operating and reportable segments. The Company’s reportable segments are: (1) Americas Materials Solutions, (2) Americas Building Solutions, (3) Europe Materials Solutions, and (4) Europe Building Solutions. Revenue is disaggregated by principal activities and products and by primary geographic market. Business lines are reviewed and evaluated as follows: (1) Essential Materials, (2) Road Solutions, (3) Building & Infrastructure Solutions, and (4) Outdoor Living Solutions. The vertically integrated Essential Materials businesses manufacture and supply aggregates and cement for use in a range of construction and industrial applications. Road Solutions support the manufacturing, installation and maintenance of public highway infrastructure projects and commercial infrastructure. Building & Infrastructure Solutions connect, protect and transport critical water, energy and telecommunications infrastructure and deliver complex commercial building projects. Outdoor Living Solutions integrate specialized materials, products and design features to enhance the quality of private and public spaces. For the Year Ended December 31, 2023 in $ millions Americas Materials Solutions Americas Building Solutions Europe Materials Solutions Europe Building Solutions Total Principal activities and products Essential Materials 4,583 – 4,876 – 9,459 Road Solutions (i) 10,852 – 4,814 – 15,666 Building & Infrastructure Solutions (ii) – 2,524 – 2,174 4,698 Outdoor Living Solutions – 4,493 – 633 5,126 Total revenues 15,435 7,017 9,690 2,807 34,949 For the Year Ended December 31, 2022 in $ millions Americas Materials Solutions Americas Building Solutions Europe Materials Solutions Europe Building Solutions Total Principal activities and products Essential Materials 4,160 – 4,625 – 8,785 Road Solutions (i) 10,164 – 4,724 – 14,888 Building & Infrastructure Solutions (ii) – 2,379 – 2,252 4,631 Outdoor Living Solutions – 3,809 – 610 4,419 Total revenues 14,324 6,188 9,349 2,862 32,723 For the Year Ended December 31, 2021 in $ millions Americas Materials Solutions Americas Building Solutions Europe Materials Solutions Europe Building Solutions Total Principal activities and products Essential Materials 3,833 – 4,665 – 8,498 Road Solutions (i) 8,574 – 4,724 – 13,298 Building & Infrastructure Solutions (ii) – 1,464 – 2,145 3,609 Outdoor Living Solutions – 3,164 – 637 3,801 Total revenues 12,407 4,628 9,389 2,782 29,206 (i) Revenue from contracts with customers in the Road Solutions principal activities and products category that is recognized over time for the years ended December 31 were: in $ millions 2023 2022 2021 Americas Materials Solutions 6,146 5,791 4,662 Europe Materials Solutions 2,004 1,814 1,801 Total revenue from contracts with customers 8,150 7,605 6,463 (ii) Revenue from contracts with customers in the Building & Infrastructure Solutions principal activities and products category that is recognized over time for the years ended December 31 were: in $ millions 2023 2022 2021 Americas Building Solutions 70 78 81 Europe Building Solutions 573 521 475 Total revenue from contracts with customers 643 599 556 For the Year Ended December 31, 2023 in $ millions Americas Materials Solutions Americas Building Solutions Europe Materials Solutions Europe Building Solutions Total Primary geographic markets Republic of Ireland – – 916 – 916 United Kingdom – – 4,090 222 4,312 Rest of Europe (i) – – 4,230 2,256 6,486 United States 14,088 6,692 – 150 20,930 Rest of World (ii) 1,347 325 454 179 2,305 Total revenues 15,435 7,017 9,690 2,807 34,949 For the Year Ended December 31, 2022 in $ millions Americas Materials Solutions Americas Building Solutions Europe Materials Solutions Europe Building Solutions Total Primary geographic markets Republic of Ireland – – 801 – 801 United Kingdom – – 4,003 238 4,241 Rest of Europe (i) – 3 3,992 2,298 6,293 United States 13,050 5,860 – 178 19,088 Rest of World (ii) 1,274 325 553 148 2,300 Total revenues 14,324 6,188 9,349 2,862 32,723 For the Year Ended December 31, 2021 in $ millions Americas Materials Solutions Americas Building Solutions Europe Materials Solutions Europe Building Solutions Total Primary geographic markets Republic of Ireland – – 706 – 706 United Kingdom – – 3,979 220 4,199 Rest of Europe (i) – 4 4,051 2,261 6,316 United States 11,172 4,293 – 153 15,618 Rest of World (ii) 1,235 331 653 148 2,367 Total revenues 12,407 4,628 9,389 2,782 29,206 (i) The Rest of Europe principally includes Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Hungary, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Poland, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and Ukraine. (ii) The Rest of World principally includes Australia, Brazil, Canada and the Philippines. Contract assets were $716 million and $606 million and contract liabilities were $439 million and $344 million, at December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. The increase in contract assets was primarily attributed to revenue recognized on certain contracts partially offset by the timing of billings. The increase in contract liabilities was due to the timing of advance payments and revenue recognized during the period. The Company recognized revenue of $308 million and $308 million for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively, which was previously included in the contract liability balance at December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively. Contract assets include unbilled revenue and retentions held by customers in respect of construction contracts at December 31, 2023 and 2022 amounting to $471 million and $245 million, and $402 million and $204 million respectively. Unbilled receivables represent the estimated value of unbilled work for projects with performance obligations recognized over time. Retentions represent amounts that have been billed to customers but payment is withheld until final acceptance of the performance obligation by the customer. Retentions that have been billed, but are not due until completion of performance and acceptance by customers, are generally expected to be collected within one year. The Company applies the practical expedient and does not adjust any of its transaction prices for the time value of money. On December 31, 2023, the Company had $3,725 million of transaction price allocated to remaining performance obligations. The majority of open contracts at December 31, 2023 will close and revenue will be recognized within 12 months of the balance sheet date. Revenue from sales to equity method investments for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021 were $221 million, $237 million, and $199 million, respectively.

Assets held for sale and discon

Assets held for sale and discontinued operations	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023
Discontinued Operations and Disposal Groups [Abstract]
Assets held for sale and discontinued operations	3. Assets held for sale and discontinued operations In November 2023, the Company entered into a sales agreement with SigmaRoc plc. to divest of its Lime operations in Europe for consideration of $1.1 billion. The transaction was structured in three phases. The first phase of the transaction, comprising the Company’s lime operations in Germany, Czech Republic and Ireland, was closed effective January 1, 2024 and the second and third phases comprising the operations of the United Kingdom and Poland, respectively, are expected to close in 2024. No impairment loss was recognized on the reclassification of the Lime operations as held for sale. In December 2023, the Company entered into a sales agreement to dispose of certain of its cement and materials assets in Canada, which is expected to close in 2024. An impairment of $30 million has been recognized on the Canadian cement and materials assets in the fourth quarter of 2023 to reflect the reduction to fair value less costs to sell. The assets associated with these transactions comprise part of the Company’s Europe Materials Solutions and Americas Materials Solutions segments, respectively, and the relevant assets and liabilities have accordingly been reclassified as assets and liabilities held for sale. The major classes of assets and liabilities classified as held for sale at December 31, 2023 were: in $ millions 2023 Assets Cash and cash equivalents 49 Accounts receivable, net 70 Inventories 102 Property, plant and equipment, net 832 Goodwill 201 Operating lease right-of-use assets, net 6 Other assets 8 Assets held for sale 1,268 Liabilities Accounts payable 59 Accrued expenses 17 Deferred income tax liabilities 148 Operating lease liabilities 6 Other liabilities 145 Liabilities held for sale 375 In April 2022, the Company completed the divestiture of its Building Envelope business, formerly part of the Americas Building Solutions segment. The Company analyzed the quantitative and qualitative factors relevant to the Building Envelope business and determined that the criteria for discontinued operations presentation were met during the year ended 2022. As a result, the operating results of the Building Envelope business were reported separately as discontinued operations, net of income tax expense, in the Consolidated Statements of Income for the periods ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively. The financial results for the Company’s discontinued operations for the years ended December 31 were: in $ millions 2022 2021 Total revenues 645 1,775 Operating income 89 239 Gain on divestiture before income taxes 1,471 - Income from discontinued operations before income tax expense 1,560 239 Income tax expense (370) (60) Income from discontinued operations, net of income tax expense 1,190 179 The cash flows from discontinued operations included in the accompanying Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the years ended December 31 were: in $ millions 2022 2021 Cash flows from discontinued operations Net cash (used in) provided by operating activities (i) (444) 208 Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities (ii) 3,446 (102) Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities 3 (2) (i) Includes the corporation tax paid on the sale of discontinued operations. (ii) Includes the proceeds from the divestiture of discontinued operations.

Acquisitions

Acquisitions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023
Business Combination and Asset Acquisition [Abstract]
Acquisitions	4. Acquisitions The Company strategically acquires companies in order to increase its footprint and offer products and services that diversify its existing offerings. These acquisitions are accounted for as business combinations using the acquisition method, whereby the purchase price is allocated to the assets acquired and liabilities assumed, based on their estimated fair values at the date of the acquisition with the remaining amount recorded in goodwill. During 2023, the Company completed the acquisition of 22 companies, each individually immaterial. The total cash consideration for these acquisitions net of cash acquired, was $640 million. The provisional amounts for assets acquired, liabilities assumed, and consideration related to the acquisitions at December 31, 2023 were: in $ millions Total Identifiable assets acquired and liabilities assumed Cash and cash equivalents 19 Accounts receivable, net 71 Inventories 65 Other current assets 8 Property, plant and equipment, net 252 Intangible assets, net 86 Operating lease right-of-use assets, net 35 Accounts payable 56 Accrued expenses 30 Operating lease liabilities 35 Long-term debt 104 Deferred income tax liabilities 30 Other liabilities 6 Total identifiable net assets at fair value 275 Goodwill 398 Total consideration 673 Consideration satisfied by: Cash payments 659 Deferred consideration (stated at net present cost) 8 Contingent consideration 6 Total consideration 673 Acquisitions of businesses, net of cash acquired Cash consideration 659 Less: cash and cash equivalents acquired (19) Total outflow in the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows 640 As a result of the 2023 acquisitions, the Company recognized $86 million of amortizable intangible assets and $398 million of goodwill. Goodwill represents the excess of the consideration paid over the fair value of net assets acquired and includes the expected benefit of cost savings and synergies within the Company’s segments and intangible assets that do not qualify for separate recognition. Of the Goodwill recognized in respect of the acquisitions completed in 2023, $33 million is expected to be deductible for tax purposes. The amortizable intangible assets will be amortized against earnings over a weighted average of 6 years. On November 21, 2023, the Company announced that it had reached an agreement to acquire a portfolio of cement and readymixed concrete assets and operations in Texas, United States from Martin Marietta, Inc. (the ‘Transaction’) for a total consideration of $2.1 billion. On February 9, 2024, the Transaction was completed. The assets acquired are located in the United States and are expected to strengthen the Company’s position in Texas as well as increasing exposure to attractive, high-growth markets. Due to the timing of the Transaction, the preliminary purchase price accounting remains ongoing as the Company continues to collect and assess information as of the transaction date. There have been no other acquisitions completed subsequent to the balance sheet date which would be individually material to the Company. 2022 Barrette Outdoor Living, Inc. Acquisition On July 8, 2022 the Company acquired Barrette Outdoor Living, Inc. (Barrette), North America's leading provider of residential fencing and railing solutions headquartered in Middleburg Heights, Ohio, United States, at an effective 100% stake. The assets acquired are all in the United States and are expected to enhance the Company’s existing offering of sustainable outdoor living solutions in North America. The total cash consideration for this acquisition, net of cash acquired, was $1,903 million. During 2022, the Company completed the acquisition of 28 other companies, each individually immaterial. The total cash consideration for these acquisitions net of cash acquired, was $1,350 million. The identifiable assets acquired, liabilities assumed, and consideration related to the acquisitions at December 31, 2022 were: in $ millions Barrette Other acquisitions Total Identifiable assets acquired and liabilities assumed Cash and cash equivalents 8 14 22 Accounts receivable, net 128 49 177 Inventories 247 128 375 Other current assets 40 10 50 Property, plant and equipment, net 266 539 805 Equity method investments – 28 28 Intangible assets, net 809 178 987 Operating lease right-of-use assets, net 43 59 102 Accounts payable 26 20 46 Accrued expenses 121 27 148 Operating lease liabilities 43 59 102 Long-term debt – 8 8 Deferred income tax liabilities 192 55 247 Other liabilities 22 4 26 Total identifiable net assets at fair value 1,137 832 1,969 Goodwill 774 546 1,320 Total consideration 1,911 1,378 3,289 Consideration satisfied by: Cash payments 1,911 1,364 3,275 Deferred consideration (stated at net present cost) – 10 10 Contingent consideration – 4 4 Total consideration 1,911 1,378 3,289 Acquisitions of businesses, net of cash acquired Cash consideration 1,911 1,364 3,275 Less: cash and cash equivalents acquired (8) (14) (22) Total outflow in the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows 1,903 1,350 3,253 As a result of the 2022 acquisitions, the Company recognized $987 million of amortizable intangible assets and $1,320 million of goodwill. Goodwill represents the excess of the consideration paid over the fair value of net assets acquired and includes the expected benefit of cost savings and synergies within the Company’s segments and intangible assets that do not qualify for separate recognition. Of the Goodwill recognized in respect of the acquisitions completed in 2022, $1,289 million is expected to be deductible for tax purposes. The amortizable intangible assets will be amortized against earnings over a weighted average of 19 years. During 2021, the Company completed the acquisition of 20 companies (19 continuing operations), each individually immaterial. The total cash consideration for these acquisitions net of cash acquired, was $1,494 million. The identifiable assets acquired, liabilities assumed, and consideration related to the acquisitions at December 31, 2021 were: in $ millions Total Identifiable assets acquired and liabilities assumed Cash and cash equivalents 7 Accounts receivable, net 173 Inventories 157 Other current assets 18 Property, plant and equipment, net 526 Intangible assets, net 131 Operating lease right-of-use assets, net 83 Accounts payable 94 Accrued expenses 49 Operating lease liabilities 83 Long-term debt 3 Deferred income tax liabilities 37 Other liabilities 6 Total identifiable net assets at fair value 823 Goodwill 679 Total consideration 1,502 Consideration satisfied by: Cash payments 1,501 Contingent consideration 1 Total consideration 1,502 Acquisitions of businesses, net of cash acquired Cash consideration 1,501 Less: cash and cash equivalents acquired (7) Total outflow in the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows 1,494 As a result of the 2021 acquisitions, the Company recognized $131 million of amortizable intangible assets and $679 million of goodwill. Goodwill represents the excess of the consideration paid over the fair value of net assets acquired and includes the expected benefit of cost savings and synergies within the Company’s segments and intangible assets that do not qualify for separate recognition. Of the Goodwill recognized in respect of the acquisitions completed in 2021, $284 million is expected to be deductible for tax purposes. The amortizable intangible assets will be amortized against earnings over a weighted average of 8 years. Acquisition-related costs Acquisition-related costs have been included in Selling, general and administrative expenses in the Consolidated Statements of Income. These costs include legal and consulting expenses incurred in connection with acquisitions completed during the applicable period. The Company incurred the following acquisition-related costs for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022, and 2021: in $ millions 2023 2022 2021 Acquisition-related costs Barrette – 27 – Other acquisitions 10 12 13 Total acquisition-related costs 10 39 13 The financial information regarding the acquisitions included in the Company’s Consolidated Statements of Income from the date of acquisition through December 31 were: Actual from acquisition date in $ millions 2023 2022 2021 Revenue 228 761 524 Net (loss) income attributable to CRH plc (15) (18) 38 Pro forma results of operations for the acquisitions have not been presented because they are not material to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

Accounts receivable, net

Accounts receivable, net	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023
Receivables [Abstract]
Accounts receivable, net	5. Accounts receivable, net Accounts receivable, net at December 31 were: in $ millions 2023 2022 Trade receivables 3,574 3,435 Construction contract assets 716 606 Total accounts receivable 4,290 4,041 Less: allowance for credit losses (149) (125) Other current receivables 366 384 Total accounts receivable, net 4,507 4,300 Of the total Accounts receivable, net, balances, $27 million and $37 million at December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively, were due from equity method investments. The changes in the allowance for credit losses at December 31 were as follows: in $ millions 2023 2022 2021 At January 1 125 131 140 Charge-offs (18) (19) (14) Provision for credit losses 39 24 10 Foreign currency translation and other 3 (11) (5) At December 31 149 125 131

Inventories

Inventories	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023
Inventory Disclosure [Abstract]
Inventories	6. Inventories Inventories at December 31 were: in $ millions 2023 2022 Raw materials 1,865 1,988 Work-in-process 186 181 Finished goods 2,240 2,025 Total inventories 4,291 4,194

Property, plant and equipment,

Property, plant and equipment, net	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023
Property, Plant and Equipment [Abstract]
Property, plant and equipment, net	7. Property, plant and equipment, net Property, plant and equipment, net at December 31 were: in $ millions 2023 2022 Mineral-bearing land 4,847 5,055 Land and buildings 5,991 5,851 Plant and machinery 20,468 19,605 Construction in progress 1,271 1,090 Finance lease right-of-use assets 187 128 Total property, plant and equipment 32,764 31,729 Less: accumulated depreciation, depletion, amortization and impairment (14,923) (13,961) Total property, plant and equipment, net 17,841 17,768

Intangible assets, net

Intangible assets, net	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023
Intangible Assets, Net (Excluding Goodwill) [Abstract]
Intangible assets, net	8. Intangible assets, net Intangible assets, net at December 31 were: 2023 2022 in $ millions Marketing-related Customer-related (i) Contract-based Total Marketing-related (ii) Customer-related (i) & (ii) Contract-based (ii) Total At December 31 Gross amount 310 1,260 101 1,671 286 1,202 92 1,580 Accumulated amortization (94) (482) (54) (630) (78) (369) (45) (492) Total intangible assets, net 216 778 47 1,041 208 833 47 1,088 (i) The customer-related intangible assets relate predominantly to non-contractual customer relationships. (ii) Marketing-related, customer-related and contract-based intangible assets of $174 million, $594 million and $41 million respectively arose on the acquisition of Barrette in July 2022. These primarily related to brand names, patents and non-contractual customer relationships. Amortization of intangibles included in Selling, general and administrative expenses in the Consolidated Statements of Income for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021 amounted to $139 million, $103 million and $46 million, respectively. The estimated amortization for intangible assets for the five years subsequent to December 31, 2023 and thereafter is as follows: in $ millions 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029 and thereafter Amortization 127 112 74 61 52 615

Goodwill

Goodwill	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023
Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]
Goodwill	9. Goodwill Effective January 1, 2023, the Company restructured into two Divisions, CRH Americas and CRH Europe. During the first quarter of 2023, the Company's reportable segments increased from three to the below four segments and existing goodwill was reallocated to each of the new reportable segments and associated reporting units based on management’s estimate of the relative fair value of each reporting unit. See Note 20 for further information. The results of this reallocation of goodwill have been recast below, by reportable segment, at December 31, 2022. As a result of this revision to reportable segments and associated reporting units, the Company performed an impairment assessment before and after the reallocation. Both before, and after, the reallocation, the Company concluded that the fair value of the reporting units were above their carrying value and therefore there was no indication of impairment. The Company uses the present value of estimated future cash flows to establish the estimated fair value of the reporting units at the testing date. This approach includes many assumptions related to future growth rates, discount factors, and tax rates, among other considerations. Changes in economic and operating conditions impacting these assumptions could result in goodwill impairment in future periods. Additionally, the Company uses the market approach to corroborate the estimated fair value. The changes in the carrying amount of goodwill at December 31 were: in $ millions Americas Materials Solutions Americas Building Solutions Europe Materials Solutions Europe Building Solutions Total Carrying value, December 31, 2021 4,292 2,576 2,075 508 9,451 Acquisitions 147 1,120 15 38 1,320 Foreign currency translation adjustment (32) (12) (161) (34) (239) Divestitures – (1,167) (166) – (1,333) Carrying value, December 31, 2022 4,407 2,517 1,763 512 9,199 Acquisitions 34 240 38 86 398 Foreign currency translation adjustment 8 (5) 57 29 89 Impairment charge for the year (32) – (295) – (327) Reclassified as held for sale – – (201) – (201) Carrying value, December 31, 2023 4,417 2,752 1,362 627 9,158 The total impairment loss of $327 million principally relates to the $295 million impairment of the Philippines cement business, driven by challenging cement market conditions which has had an impact on growth prospects. The assumption underlying the estimated future cash flows resulted in a present value (using a real pre-tax discount rate of 9.7%) of $1,022 million and a related goodwill impairment being recorded of $295 million. Further, a goodwill impairment loss of $32 million has been recorded across certain reporting units within the Company’s Americas Materials Solutions segment primarily relating to assets held for sale. Accumulated goodwill impairment losses amount to $1,001 million and $691 million at December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively and relates predominantly to Europe Materials Solutions.

Additional financial informatio

Additional financial information	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023
Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]
Additional financial information	10. Additional financial information Other current assets at December 31 were: in $ millions 2023 2022 Prepayments 285 269 Other 193 134 Total other current assets 478 403 Accrued expenses at December 31 were: in $ millions 2023 2022 Accrued payroll and employee benefits 1,066 956 Other accruals 1,230 1,176 Total accrued expenses 2,296 2,132 Other current liabilities at December 31 were: in $ millions 2023 2022 Dividends payable 750 – Construction contract liabilities 439 344 Insurance liability 171 194 Income tax payable 129 142 Other 583 570 Total other current liabilities 2,072 1,250 Other noncurrent liabilities at December 31 were: in $ millions 2023 2022 Income tax payable 712 605 Asset retirement obligations 310 329 Pension liability 254 272 Insurance liability 260 265 Other 660 737 Total other noncurrent liabilities 2,196 2,208

Debt

Debt	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023
Debt Disclosure [Abstract]
Debt	11. Debt Long-term debt at December 31 was: in $ millions Effective interest rate 2023 2022 Long-term debt (U.S. dollar denominated unless otherwise noted) 3.125% € notes due 2023 3.23 % – 801 0.875% € notes due 2023 0.92 % – 534 1.875% € notes due 2024 2.02 % 663 640 3.875% U.S. Dollar notes due 2025 3.93 % 1,250 1,250 1.250% € notes due 2026 1.25 % 829 801 3.400% U.S. Dollar notes due 2027 3.49 % 600 600 4.000% € notes due 2027 4.13 % 553 – 3.950% U.S. Dollar notes due 2028 4.07 % 900 900 1.375% € notes due 2028 1.42 % 663 640 4.125% Sterling notes due 2029 4.22 % 509 481 1.625% € notes due 2030 1.72 % 829 801 4.000% € notes due 2031 4.10 % 829 – 6.400% U.S. Dollar notes due 2033 (i) 6.43 % 213 213 4.250% € notes due 2035 4.38 % 829 – 5.125% U.S. Dollar notes due 2045 5.25 % 500 500 4.400% U.S. Dollar notes due 2047 4.44 % 400 400 4.500% U.S. Dollar notes due 2048 4.63 % 600 600 PHP interest bearing loan due 2027 5.95 % 396 420 U.S. Dollar Commercial Paper 5.85 % 1,002 – Other 37 11 Unamortized discounts and debt issuance costs (67) (50) Total long-term debt (ii) 11,535 9,542 Less: current portion of long-term debt (iii) (1,759) (1,397) Long-term debt 9,776 8,145 (i) The $300 million bond was issued in September 2003, and at the time of issuance the bond was partially swapped to floating interest rates. In August 2009 and December 2010, $87 million of the issued notes were acquired by CRH plc as part of liability management exercises undertaken and the interest rate hedge was closed out. The remaining fair value hedge adjustment on the hedged item on the Consolidated Balance Sheets was $30 million and $33 million at December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. (ii) Of the Company’s nominal fixed rate debt at December 31, 2023, $1,375 million is hedged to daily compounded Secured Overnight Financing Rate (SOFR) using interest rate swaps. Of the Company’s nominal fixed rate debt at December 31, 2022, $1,775 million was hedged to a mix of U.S. Dollar LIBOR and EURIBOR floating rates using interest rate swaps. (iii) Excludes borrowings from bank overdrafts of $107 million and $94 million, which are recorded within Current portion of long-term debt in the Consolidated Balance Sheets at December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. Long-term debt includes borrowings of $nil million and $nil million secured on specific items of property, plant and equipment at December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. Senior Notes: The Senior Notes are issued by wholly owned subsidiaries of the Company and carry full and unconditional guarantees from the Company, as defined in the indentures that govern them. These Senior Notes represent senior unsecured obligations of the Company and hold an equal standing in payment priority with the Company's existing and future unsubordinated indebtedness. The Senior Notes can be redeemed before their respective par call dates, with the exception of the 6.40% Senior Notes due in 2033, at a make-whole redemption price. Post par call dates and before the respective maturity dates, the Senior Notes can be redeemed at a price equal to 100% of the principal amount. In the event of a change-of-control repurchase event, the Company is obligated to offer repurchase options for the 3.875% Senior Notes due in 2025, 3.40% Senior Notes due in 2027, 3.95% Senior Notes due in 2028, 5.125% Senior Notes due in 2045, 4.40% Senior Notes due in 2047, and 4.50% Senior Notes due in 2048. This repurchase involves a cash payment equal to 101% of the principal amount, along with any accrued and unpaid interest. If the Company's credit rating falls below investment-grade, the Company would be required to make an additional coupon step-up payment on the 3.875% Senior Notes due in 2025 and 5.125% Senior Notes due in 2045. The increase is 25 basis points per rating notch per agency, capped at 100 basis points per agency. However, this coupon step-up would reverse if the Company returns to an investment-grade rating. On July 11, 2023, the Company completed the issuance and sale of €500 million in 4.00% Senior Notes due in 2027, €750 million in 4.00% Senior Notes due in 2031, and €750 million in 4.25% Senior Notes due in 2035 (collectively referred to as the "2027/2031/2035 Senior Notes"). The net proceeds of €1,984 million (after accounting for discounts and underwriting expenses) were utilized for general corporate business purposes. The costs related to this issuance, amounting to $18 million, have been capitalized and will be pro rata amortized over the lifespan of the 2027/2031/2035 Senior Notes. On April 3, 2023, and November 5, 2023, the Company utilized available cash to fully redeem €750 million and €500 million of outstanding 3.125% euro Senior Notes due April 2023 and 0.875% euro Senior Notes due November 2023, respectively. Philippines (PHP) Debt: In March 2017, the Company's subsidiary, Republic Cement & Building Materials, Inc., entered a credit arrangement with the Bank of the Philippine Islands. The Company does not provide a guarantee for this facility. The initial credit agreement provided for total commitments of PHP 12.5 billion for a ten-year term, which was later expanded to PHP 22.5 billion. The funds drawn from this facility carry a combination of fixed and floating interest rates. Bank Credit: The Company maintains a multi-currency revolving credit arrangement with a syndicate of lenders (the RCF). The RCF offers a senior unsecured revolving facility of €3,500 million over five years. Borrowings under the RCF bear interest at rates based upon an underlying base rate, plus a margin determined in accordance with a ratings-based pricing grid. Base rates include SOFR for U.S. Dollar, EURIBOR for euros, SONIA for Sterling, and SARON for Swiss Francs, respectively. The facility entails an annual commitment fee calculated as a percentage of the applicable margin. On May 11, 2023, the Company amended and restated the RCF, extending the maturity date to May 11, 2028. The revised terms also re-instate the two plus-one (+1) extension options which, if successfully exercised with the agreement of the Lenders, would extend the maturity out to May 11, 2030. The deferred financing costs associated with the RCF were $8 million at December 31, 2023. The total potential credit available through this arrangement is €3,500 million, inclusive of the ability to issue letters of credit. At December 31, 2023, and 2022, there were no outstanding borrowings or letters of credit issued under this facility and the undrawn committed facilities available to be drawn by the Company at December 31, 2023 were $3,868 million (€3,500 million equivalent). The RCF includes customary terms and conditions for investment-grade borrowers. There are no financial covenants. The Company has a $2,000 million U.S. Dollar Commercial Paper Program and a €1,500 million euro Commercial Paper Program. The purpose of these programs is to provide short-term liquidity as required. The Company’s RCF supports the commercial paper programs with a separate €750 million swingline sublimit which allows for same-day drawing in either euro or U.S. Dollar. The amount of commercial paper outstanding does not reduce available capacity under the RCF. Commercial paper borrowings may vary during the period, largely as a result of fluctuations in funding requirements. The long-term debt maturities, net of the unamortized discounts and debt issuance costs, for the periods subsequent to December 31, 2023 are as follows: in $ millions 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029 and thereafter Total Long-term debt maturities 1,759 1,219 824 1,436 1,537 4,760 11,535

Leases

Leases	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023
Leases [Abstract]
Leases	12. Leases In the normal course of its business, the Company enters into various leases as the lessee, primarily related to property. The Company also leases plant and machinery, vehicles and equipment. Lease liabilities at December 31 were: in $ millions 2023 2022 Current: Operating lease liabilities 255 238 Finance lease liabilities 31 22 Noncurrent: Operating lease liabilities 1,125 1,000 Finance lease liabilities 86 59 Total lease liabilities 1,497 1,319 The current portion of finance lease liabilities is included within Other current liabilities and the noncurrent portion of finance lease liabilities is included within Other noncurrent liabilities The maturity analysis for the discounted and undiscounted lease liability arising from the Company’s leasing activities at December 31, 2023 was: in $ millions Operating leases Finance leases 2024 261 31 2025 221 27 2026 180 23 2027 144 15 2028 122 10 Thereafter 810 57 Total minimum lease payments 1,738 163 Less: lease payments representing interest (358) (46) Present value of future minimum lease payments 1,380 117 Less: current portion of lease liabilities (255) (31) Noncurrent portion of lease liabilities 1,125 86 The projections are based on the foreign exchange rates applied at the end of the relevant financial year and on interest rates (discounted projections only) applicable to the lease portfolio. The components of lease expense for the years ended December 31 were : in $ millions 2023 2022 2021 Finance leases Amortization of right-of-use-assets 19 20 22 Interest on lease liabilities 3 3 3 Operating leases 293 255 265 Short-term leases 329 273 239 Variable leases 85 94 97 Total lease expense (i) 729 645 626 (i) Income from subleasing transactions were not material for the Company. The weighted average remaining lease term and discount rates at December 31 were: 2023 2022 Weighted average remaining lease term (years) Operating leases 12 12 Finance leases 13 15 Weighted average discount rate (%) Operating leases 3.63 % 3.44 % Finance leases 4.07 % 3.85 % The supplemental cash flow information for the years ended December 31 were: in $ millions 2023 2022 2021 Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities Operating cash flows from operating leases (276) (269) (299) Financing cash flows from finance leases (26) (28) (29) Non cash investing and financing activities Leased assets obtained in exchange for new operating lease liabilities 232 130 180 Leased assets obtained in exchange for new finance lease liabilities 51 24 30
Leases	12. Leases In the normal course of its business, the Company enters into various leases as the lessee, primarily related to property. The Company also leases plant and machinery, vehicles and equipment. Lease liabilities at December 31 were: in $ millions 2023 2022 Current: Operating lease liabilities 255 238 Finance lease liabilities 31 22 Noncurrent: Operating lease liabilities 1,125 1,000 Finance lease liabilities 86 59 Total lease liabilities 1,497 1,319 The current portion of finance lease liabilities is included within Other current liabilities and the noncurrent portion of finance lease liabilities is included within Other noncurrent liabilities The maturity analysis for the discounted and undiscounted lease liability arising from the Company’s leasing activities at December 31, 2023 was: in $ millions Operating leases Finance leases 2024 261 31 2025 221 27 2026 180 23 2027 144 15 2028 122 10 Thereafter 810 57 Total minimum lease payments 1,738 163 Less: lease payments representing interest (358) (46) Present value of future minimum lease payments 1,380 117 Less: current portion of lease liabilities (255) (31) Noncurrent portion of lease liabilities 1,125 86 The projections are based on the foreign exchange rates applied at the end of the relevant financial year and on interest rates (discounted projections only) applicable to the lease portfolio. The components of lease expense for the years ended December 31 were : in $ millions 2023 2022 2021 Finance leases Amortization of right-of-use-assets 19 20 22 Interest on lease liabilities 3 3 3 Operating leases 293 255 265 Short-term leases 329 273 239 Variable leases 85 94 97 Total lease expense (i) 729 645 626 (i) Income from subleasing transactions were not material for the Company. The weighted average remaining lease term and discount rates at December 31 were: 2023 2022 Weighted average remaining lease term (years) Operating leases 12 12 Finance leases 13 15 Weighted average discount rate (%) Operating leases 3.63 % 3.44 % Finance leases 4.07 % 3.85 % The supplemental cash flow information for the years ended December 31 were: in $ millions 2023 2022 2021 Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities Operating cash flows from operating leases (276) (269) (299) Financing cash flows from finance leases (26) (28) (29) Non cash investing and financing activities Leased assets obtained in exchange for new operating lease liabilities 232 130 180 Leased assets obtained in exchange for new finance lease liabilities 51 24 30

Asset retirement obligations

Asset retirement obligations	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023
Asset Retirement Obligation Disclosure [Abstract]
Asset retirement obligations	13. Asset retirement obligations Asset retirement obligations (AROs) are legal obligations associated with the retirement of long-lived assets, including legal obligations for land reclamation. Recognition of a liability for an ARO is required in the period in which it is incurred at its estimated fair value. The associated asset retirement costs are capitalized as part of the carrying amount of the underlying asset and depreciated over the estimated useful life of the asset. The liability is accreted through charges to Cost of revenues. If the ARO is settled for other than the carrying amount of the liability, a gain or loss on settlement is recognized. ARO costs related to accretion of the Company’s liabilities and the depreciation of the related assets for the years ended December 31 were: in $ millions 2023 2022 2021 Accretion 12 11 12 Depreciation 27 46 42 Total costs 39 57 54

Fair Value Measurement

Fair Value Measurement	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023
Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]
Fair value measurement	14. Fair value measurement Fair value is defined as the amount that would be received for selling an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date and is measured using inputs in one of the following three categories: Level 1 measurements are based on unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities that the Company has the ability to access. Valuation of these items does not entail a significant amount of judgment. Level 2 measurements are based on quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets, quoted prices for identical or similar assets or liabilities in markets that are not active or market data other than quoted prices that are observable for the assets or liabilities. Level 3 measurements are based on unobservable data that are supported by little or no market activity and are significant to the fair value of the assets or liabilities. Considerable judgment may be required in interpreting market data used to develop the estimates of fair value. The carrying values and fair values of the Company’s Long-term debt were $11,535 million and $11,337 million, respectively, at December 31, 2023 and $9,542 million and $8,907 million, respectively, at December 31, 2022. The Company’s Long-term debt obligations are Level 2 instruments whose fair value is derived from quoted market prices. The redeemable noncontrolling interests included in the Consolidated Balance Sheets are marked to fair value on a recurring basis using Level 3 inputs. The redemption value of redeemable noncontrolling interests approximates the fair value and is based on a range of estimated potential outcomes of the expected payment amounts primarily dependent on underlying performance metrics. The unobservable inputs in the valuation include a discount rate determined using a Capital Asset Pricing Model methodology with ranges of between 6.67% and 7.50%. See Note 23 for the changes in the fair value of redeemable noncontrolling interests.

Income taxes

Income taxes	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]
Income taxes	15. Income taxes The summary of the Income from continuing operations before income tax expense for the years ended December 31 was: in $ millions 2023 2022 2021 Income U.S. 2,729 2,225 1,596 Non-U.S. 1,285 1,236 1,506 Total income 4,014 3,461 3,102 The summary of the Income tax expense from continuing operations for the years ended December 31 was: in $ millions 2023 2022 2021 Current tax: U.S. - Federal 632 443 304 U.S. - State 67 87 47 Non-U.S. 290 221 205 Total current tax expense 989 751 556 Deferred tax: U.S. - Federal (28) 11 54 U.S. - State (12) (6) 11 Non-U.S. (24) 6 29 Total deferred tax (benefit) expense (64) 11 94 Total income tax expense 925 762 650 While the Company is domiciled in Ireland, due to the percentage of global operations subject to tax in the United States, the Company uses the U.S. Federal statutory tax rate in the reconciliation of the effective income tax rate. The reconciliation of the applicable U.S. Federal income tax rate to the effective income tax rates was: in $ millions 2023 2022 2021 U.S. statutory rate 843 727 651 State tax, net of federal tax benefit 38 73 61 Tax rate differentials (11) (6) 4 Uncertain tax positions 87 60 75 Tax credits (125) (96) (107) Non-deductible goodwill impairment 75 – – Other 18 4 (34) Total tax expense 925 762 650 Effective income tax rate 23 % 22 % 21 % The significant components of the deferred tax assets and liabilities at December 31 were: in $ millions 2023 2022 Deferred tax assets: Company retirement benefit plans 38 26 Revaluation of derivative financial instruments to fair value 2 – Tax losses, credits and interest deduction carryforwards 1,052 855 Share-based compensation 41 31 Accrued expenses 420 350 Lease liabilities 292 263 Total deferred tax assets 1,845 1,525 Less: valuation allowances (914) (737) Total deferred tax assets after valuation allowances 931 788 Deferred tax liabilities: Investment in subsidiaries 155 159 Depreciation, depletion and amortization 3,109 3,165 Leased right-of-use assets 274 250 Rolled-over capital gains 21 20 Other 12 – Total deferred tax liabilities 3,571 3,594 Total net deferred tax liabilities 2,640 2,806 The net deferred tax assets and liabilities that are included in the Consolidated Balance Sheets at December 31 were: in $ millions 2023 2022 Deferred income taxes, noncurrent assets (98) (79) Deferred income taxes, noncurrent liabilities 2,738 2,885 Total net deferred tax liabilities 2,640 2,806 The summary of the change in valuation allowance at December 31 was: in $ millions 2023 2022 2021 Balance at January 1 737 578 507 Provision for income taxes 151 203 102 Foreign currency and other 26 (44) (31) Balance at December 31 914 737 578 The Company maintains a valuation allowance on net operating losses and other deferred tax assets if, based on the weight of available evidence, it is more likely than not that some portion, or all, of a deferred tax asset will not be realized. At December 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the Company has a valuation allowance on net deferred tax assets of $914 million and $737 million, respectively. For the year ended December 31, 2023, the valuation allowance increased due to an increase in interest deduction carryforwards. A deferred tax liability has been recognized in respect of any undistributed earnings in which the Company is not permanently reinvested. The Company has $16.4 billion of undistributed earnings that are considered permanently reinvested at December 31, 2023, for which no deferred tax liabilities have been recognized. It is not practicable to estimate the amount of tax that would be paid if there was a distribution of these earnings. Participation exemptions and tax credits are available in the majority of jurisdictions in which the Company operates. The reconciliation of the changes in the unrecognized tax benefits at December 31 was: in $ millions 2023 2022 2021 Balance at January 1 576 547 536 Increases related to prior periods 9 4 2 Decreases related to prior periods (12) (8) (21) Increases related to current period 148 130 104 Decreases related to settlements with taxing authorities and lapse of statute of limitations (68) (67) (56) Foreign currency and other 12 (30) (18) Balance at December 31 665 576 547 The Company’s policy is to accrue interest and penalties related to potential underpayment of income taxes within the provision for income taxes. At December 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the Company had accrued interest of $84 million and $68 million, respectively. At December 31, 2023, December 31, 2022, and December 31, 2021, the interest and penalties included in income tax expense was $14 million, $5 million, and $12 million, respectively.

Earnings per share (EPS)

Earnings per share (EPS)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023
Earnings Per Share [Abstract]
Earnings per share (EPS)	16. Earnings per share (EPS) The calculation of basic and diluted earnings per share for the years ended December 31 were: in $ millions, except share and per share data 2023 2022 2021 Numerator Income from continuing operations 3,072 2,699 2,507 Net (income) attributable to redeemable noncontrolling interests (28) (27) (22) Net loss (income) attributable to noncontrolling interests 134 – (34) Adjustment of redeemable noncontrolling interests to redemption value (24) 40 (18) Income from continuing operations for EPS - basic and diluted 3,154 2,712 2,433 Income from discontinued operations, net of income tax expense – 1,190 179 Net income attributable to CRH plc for EPS - basic and diluted 3,154 3,902 2,612 Denominator Weighted average common shares outstanding – Basic (i) 723.9 758.3 780.2 Effect of dilutive employee share awards (ii) 5.3 5.8 6.6 Weighted average common shares outstanding – Diluted 729.2 764.1 786.8 Basic earnings per share attributable to CRH plc Continuing operations $4.36 $3.58 $3.12 Discontinued operations – $1.57 $0.23 Net income $4.36 $5.15 $3.35 Diluted earnings per share attributable to CRH plc Continuing operations $4.33 $3.55 $3.09 Discontinued operations – $1.56 $0.23 Net income $4.33 $5.11 $3.32 (i) The weighted average number of common shares included in the computation of basic and diluted earnings per share has been adjusted to exclude shares repurchased and held by the Company as Treasury Stock given that these shares do not rank for dividend. (ii) Common shares that would only be issued contingent on certain conditions totaling 4,677,404, 4,209,404 and 3,630,633 at December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, respectively, are excluded from the computation of diluted earnings per share where the conditions governing exercisability have not been satisfied as of the end of the reporting period or they are antidilutive for the periods presented.

Share-based compensation

Share-based compensation	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023
Share-Based Payment Arrangement [Abstract]
Share-based compensation	17. Share-based compensation Share-based compensation relates primarily to awards granted under the 2014 Performance Share Plan (PSP) and the Company’s Savings-related Share Option Schemes. The expense, net of estimated forfeitures, is reflected in operating income in the Consolidated Statements of Income. The share-based compensation for these plans for the years ended December 31 was: in $ millions 2023 2022 2021 Performance Share Plan expense 120 97 106 Share Option expense 3 3 2 Total share-based compensation 123 100 108 2014 Performance Share Plan The PSP authorizes the granting of conditional awards or nil-cost options (right to acquire shares during an exercise period without cost to the participant). The number of shares authorized under the PSP during the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021 did not exceed 10% of the issued share capital at that time. Under the PSP, the Company has granted performance stock units (PSUs) to its employees. PSUs provide an employee with the right to receive shares of the Company’s stock, subject to fulfillment of certain market, performance and service conditions over a vesting period. The performance conditions are as follows for the 2023 and 2022 PSUs: 20% of each award made is subject to Total Shareholder Return (TSR) performance measured against a tailored peer group; 20% is subject to a Return on Net Assets (RONA) metric; 15% is subject to a sustainability and diversity scorecard metric introduced in 2022; with the remaining 45% subject to a cumulative cash flow metric. The performance conditions are as follows for the 2021 PSUs: 25% of each award made is subject to TSR performance measured against a tailored peer group; 25% is subject to a RONA metric; with the remaining 50% subject to a cumulative cash flow metric. Performance for the awards is assessed over a three-year period. The details of the awards granted under the PSP for the year ended December 31, 2023 were: Number of shares Weighted average grant date fair value Shares in whole numbers Amounts in $ Amounts in € Outstanding at beginning of year 10,178,940 36.25 32.52 Granted 2,979,818 48.55 45.57 Forfeited (356,840) 37.45 33.97 Vested (2,985,299) 30.95 27.70 Outstanding at end of year 9,816,619 41.56 37.90 During fiscal years 2022 and 2021, the weighted average grant date fair values were $36.29 (€34.50) and $42.05 (€35.40), respectively. The fair value of (i) the portion of awards subject to a cash flow performance metric; (ii) the portion of awards subject to a RONA metric; (iii) the portion of awards subject to a sustainability and diversity scorecard metric (from 2022 onward); and (iv) the portion of awards with no performance conditions which are subject to a two-year service period; was calculated as the Company’s closing share price at the date the award was granted. The fair value assigned to the portion of awards subject to a TSR performance metric was calculated using the Monte Carlo simulation model, at the grant date, taking account of peer group TSR, volatilities and correlations together with the following assumptions: 2023 2022 2021 Risk-free interest rate (%) 3.16 0.51 (0.56) Expected volatility (%) 28.9 36.9 35.1 The risk-free interest rate is based on the Irish government bond yield at the grant date with a maturity period equal to the expected term. During the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, 2,985,299 shares vested having a fair value of $147 million; 3,084,926 shares vested having a fair value of $123 million, and 2,915,761 shares vested having a fair value of $137 million, respectively. At December 31, 2023, unrecognized compensation expense related to the awards was $179 million, which will be recognized over the remaining weighted average vesting period of 1.31 years. 2010 and 2021 Savings-related Share Option Schemes In April 2021, shareholders approved the adoption of the 2021 Savings-related Share Option Schemes, which replaced the schemes approved by shareholders in May 2010. The number of shares authorized under the Savings-related Share Option Schemes during the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021 did not exceed 10% of the issued share capital at that time. Under the schemes, participants may save up to €500/Stg£500 per month from their net salaries, for a fixed term of three Under the Share Options schemes, 86,520, 402,645 and 470,001 shares of the Company were purchased at a weighted average price of $26.82, $25.24 and $25.88 respectively, during the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022, and 2021, respectively. At December 31, 2023, the total unrecognized stock-based compensation expense related to the Share Option Schemes was $4 million and is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of 1.66 years. The fair values assigned to options issued under the Share Option Schemes were calculated in accordance with the trinomial valuation methodology. The assumptions used to determine the fair value of the options issued under the Share Options Schemes with three-year and five-year savings periods at December 31 were: 2022 2021 3-year 5-year 3-year 5-year Risk-free interest rate (%) 2.08 2.24 (0.61) (0.43) Expected dividend payments over the expected life (€) 4.06 7.05 3.25 5.65 Expected volatility (%) 26.4 24.2 23.5 21.2 Expected life term (years) 3 5 3 5 Other than the assumptions listed above, no other features of options grants were factored into the determination of fair value. The terms of the options issued under the Savings-related Share Option Schemes do not contain any market conditions.

Shareholders' equity

Shareholders' equity	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023
Equity [Abstract]
Shareholders' equity	18. Shareholders' equity The Company’s capital stock consists of common stock, 5% preferred stock and 7% ‘A’ preferred stock. Holders of the Company’s common stock are entitled to one vote per share. The holders of the 5% preferred stock are entitled to a fixed preferred dividend at a rate of 5% per annum and priority in a winding-up to repayment of capital but have no further right to participate in profits or assets and are not entitled to be present or vote at general meetings unless their dividend is in arrears. Dividends on the 5% preferred stock are payable half-yearly on April 15 and October 15 in each year. The 5% preferred stock represent 0.03% and 0.03% of the total issued share capital at December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. The holders of the 7% ‘A’ preferred stock are entitled to a fixed preferred dividend at a rate of 7% per annum, and subject to the rights of the holders of the 5% preferred stock, priority in a winding-up to repayment of capital, but have no further right to participate in profits or assets and are not entitled to be present or vote at general meetings unless their dividend is in arrears or unless the business of the meeting includes certain matters. Dividends on the 7% ‘A’ preferred stock are payable half-yearly on April 5 and October 5 in each year. The 7% ‘A’ preferred stock represent 0.47% and 0.45% of the total issued share capital at December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. For the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022, and 2021, dividends declared on 5% preferred stock and 7% ‘A’ preferred stock were all less than $1 million, respectively. On March 2, 2023, the Board approved the Company’s intention to increase its share buyback program through the repurchase of up to $3 billion of the Company’s shares over the 12 months to March 2024, subject to market conditions prevailing at the time and on the formal Shareholder approval of the share buyback authority. During 2023 and 2022, a total of 54,900,928 and 29,755,861 shares of Common stock (equivalent to 7.47% and 3.96% of the Company’s issued share capital) were repurchased at an average price of $54.92 and $39.22 per share under the share buyback program, respectively. During 2023, 17,620,740 shares of Common stock (equivalent to 2.40% of the Company’s issued share capital) were retired on repurchase. During 2022, 22,000,000 shares of Treasury stock (equivalent to 2.92% of the Company’s issued share capital) were retired. At December 31, 2023 and 2022, 42,419,281 and 7,712,885 shares were held as Treasury stock, equivalent to 5.78% and 1.03% of the Common stock issued, respectively.

Accumulated other comprehensive

Accumulated other comprehensive loss	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023
Equity [Abstract]
Accumulated other comprehensive loss	19. Accumulated other comprehensive loss The changes in the balances for each component of Accumulated other comprehensive loss, net of tax, for the years ended December 31 were: in $ millions Currency Translation Cash Flow Pension and Other Postretirement Plans Total Balance at December 31, 2020 205 (1) (548) (344) Other comprehensive (loss) income before reclassifications (338) 48 203 (87) Amounts reclassified from Accumulated other comprehensive loss (i) (29) (29) 29 (29) Net current-period other comprehensive (loss) income (367) 19 232 (116) Other comprehensive loss attributable to noncontrolling interests 35 – – 35 Balance at December 31, 2021 (127) 18 (316) (425) Other comprehensive (loss) income before reclassifications (664) 23 288 (353) Amounts reclassified from Accumulated other comprehensive loss (i) (1) (60) 6 (55) Net current-period other comprehensive (loss) income (665) (37) 294 (408) Other comprehensive loss attributable to noncontrolling interests 46 – – 46 Balance at December 31, 2022 (746) (19) (22) (787) Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications 310 (37) (104) 169 Amounts reclassified from Accumulated other comprehensive loss – 9 (4) 5 Net current-period other comprehensive income (loss) 310 (28) (108) 174 Other comprehensive (income) attributable to noncontrolling interests (3) – – (3) Balance at December 31, 2023 (439) (47) (130) (616) (i) For the year ended December 31, 2022, $4 million and $(5) million were transferred from currency translation related to gains and (losses) on divestitures that were reclassified from Accumulated other comprehensive loss to Other nonoperating (expense) income, net and Income from discontinued operations, net of income tax expense, respectively. For the year ended December 31, 2021 amounts transferred from currency translation related to losses on divestitures were reclassified from Accumulated other comprehensive loss to Other nonoperating (expense) income, net. The amounts reclassified from Accumulated other comprehensive loss to income for the years ended December 31 were: in $ millions 2023 2022 2021 Cash flow hedges Cost of product revenues 12 (73) (29) Income tax (benefit) expense (3) 13 – Total 9 (60) (29) Pension and other postretirement plans Other nonoperating (income) expense, net (7) 8 36 Income tax expense (benefit) 3 (2) (7) Total (4) 6 29 Reclassifications from Accumulated other comprehensive loss to income 5 (54) –

Segment information

Segment information	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023
Segment Reporting [Abstract]
Segment information	20. Segment information Effective January 1, 2023 the Company restructured into two Divisions, CRH Americas and CRH Europe. During the first quarter of 2023, the Company's reportable segments changed to the following four segments: Americas Materials Solutions; Americas Building Solutions; Europe Materials Solutions; and Europe Building Solutions The Americas Materials Solutions segment provides solutions for the construction and maintenance of public infrastructure and commercial and residential buildings in North America. The primary materials produced by this segment include aggregates, cement, readymixed concrete and asphalt. This segment also provides paving and construction services for customers. The Americas Building Solutions segment manufactures, supplies and delivers solutions for the built environment in communities across North America. Our subsidiaries within this segment offer building and infrastructure solutions serving complex critical utility infrastructure (such as water, energy, transportation and telecommunications projects) and outdoor living solutions for enhancing private and public spaces. The Europe Materials Solutions segment provides solutions for the construction of public infrastructure and commercial and residential buildings to customers in construction markets in Europe. The primary materials produced in this segment include aggregates, cement, readymixed concrete, asphalt and concrete products. The Europe Building Solutions segment combines materials, products and services to produce a wide range of architectural and infrastructural solutions for use in the building and renovation of critical utility infrastructure, commercial and residential buildings, and outdoor living spaces for the built environment. This business serves the growing demand across the construction value chain for innovative and value-added products and services. This realignment reflects the Company’s organizational structure in 2023 and the nature of the financial information reported to and assessed by the Chief Executive, Chief Financial Officer and Chief Operating Officer, who are together determined to fulfil the role of Chief Operating Decision Maker (CODM). Comparative segment information for 2022 and 2021 has been restated to reflect the change in segments. The principal factors employed in the identification of the four segments reflected in this note include: (i) the Company’s organizational structure in 2023 (during 2023 the Divisional President fulfilled the role of “segment manager”); (ii) the nature of the reporting lines to the CODM; and (iii) the structure of internal reporting documentation such as management accounts and budgets. The Company’s reportable segments are the same as the Company’s operating segments and correspond with how the CODM regularly reviews financial information to allocate resources and assess performance under the Company’s organizational structure in 2023. The CODM monitors the operating results of segments separately in order to allocate resources between segments and to assess performance. Segment performance is evaluated using Adjusted EBITDA. Given that Interest expense and Income tax expense are managed on a centralized basis, these items are not allocated between operating segments for the purposes of the information presented to the CODM and are accordingly omitted from the detailed segmental analysis below. There are no asymmetrical allocations to reporting segments which would require disclosure. Adjusted EBITDA is defined as earnings from continuing operations before interest, taxes, depreciation, depletion, amortization, loss on impairments, gain/loss on divestitures, income/loss from equity method investments, substantial acquisition-related costs and pension expense/income excluding current service cost component. The key performance measures for the Company’s reportable segments for the years ended December 31 were: Revenues Adjusted EBITDA in $ millions 2023 2022 2021 2023 2022 2021 Americas Materials Solutions 15,435 14,324 12,407 3,059 2,638 2,543 Americas Building Solutions 7,017 6,188 4,628 1,442 1,219 720 Europe Materials Solutions 9,690 9,349 9,389 1,395 1,195 1,228 Europe Building Solutions 2,807 2,862 2,782 280 336 315 Total revenues and Adjusted EBITDA 34,949 32,723 29,206 6,176 5,388 4,806 in $ millions 2023 2022 2021 Adjusted EBITDA 6,176 5,388 4,806 Depreciation, depletion and amortization (1,633) (1,552) (1,479) Loss on impairments (i) (357) – – Interest income 206 65 – Interest expense (376) (344) (315) (Loss) gain on divestitures (ii) – (99) 78 Pension income excluding current service cost component (ii) 3 30 9 Other interest, net (ii) (5) – 3 Substantial acquisition-related costs – (27) – Income from continuing operations before income tax expense and income from equity method investments 4,014 3,461 3,102 (i) For the year ended December 31, 2023, the total loss on impairments comprised of $62 million within Americas Materials Solutions and $295 million within Europe Materials Solutions. (ii) (Loss) gain on divestitures, pension income excluding current service cost component and other interest, net have been included in Other nonoperating (expense) income, net Depreciation, depletion and amortization for each of the segments for the years ended December 31 were: in $ millions 2023 2022 2021 Depreciation, depletion and amortization Americas Materials Solutions 781 777 750 Americas Building Solutions 299 236 155 Europe Materials Solutions 464 466 490 Europe Building Solutions 89 73 84 Total depreciation, depletion and amortization 1,633 1,552 1,479 There was no (loss) gain on divestitures for the year ended December 31, 2023. The (loss) gain on divestitures for each of the segments for the years ended December 31 were: in $ millions 2022 2021 (Loss) gain on divestitures Americas Materials Solutions – 104 Americas Building Solutions – (25) Europe Materials Solutions (99) 3 Europe Building Solutions – (4) Total (loss) gain on divestitures (99) 78 The segment assets at December 31 were: in $ millions 2023 2022 Assets Americas Materials Solutions 17,534 17,615 Americas Building Solutions 7,961 7,749 Europe Materials Solutions 10,983 10,947 Europe Building Solutions 2,390 2,193 Total assets for reportable segments 38,868 38,504 Cash and cash equivalents 6,341 5,936 Other current assets, excluding segment assets 193 134 Equity method investments 620 649 Assets held for sale 1,268 – Other noncurrent assets, excluding segment assets 179 96 Total assets as reported in the Consolidated Balance Sheets 47,469 45,319 The segment liabilities at December 31 were: in $ millions 2023 2022 Liabilities Americas Materials Solutions 3,349 2,908 Americas Building Solutions 1,770 1,567 Europe Materials Solutions 4,096 3,522 Europe Building Solutions 954 886 Total liabilities for reportable segments 10,169 8,883 Other current liabilities, excluding segment liabilities 156 193 Total debt 11,642 9,636 Deferred income tax liabilities 2,738 2,885 Liabilities held for sale 375 – Other noncurrent liabilities, excluding segment liabilities 768 682 Total liabilities as reported in the Consolidated Balance Sheets 25,848 22,279 Additions to property, plant and equipment for each of the segments for the years ended December 31 were: in $ millions 2023 2022 2021 Property, plant and equipment additions (i) Americas Materials Solutions 854 715 727 Americas Building Solutions 360 259 206 Europe Materials Solutions 553 460 510 Europe Building Solutions 111 99 97 Total property, plant and equipment additions 1,878 1,533 1,540 (i) Property, plant and equipment additions exclude asset retirement cost additions. Long-lived assets by geographic area at December 31 were: in $ millions 2023 2022 Long-lived assets by geographical area (i) Republic of Ireland 421 487 United Kingdom 1,786 1,691 United States 10,821 10,916 Other 6,105 5,849 Total long-lived assets by geographical area 19,133 18,943 (i) Long-lived assets comprise property, plant and equipment and operating lease right-of-use assets. Information about major customers There are no material dependencies or concentrations of individual customers that require disclosure. The individual entities within the Company have a large number of customers spread across various activities, end-users and geographies.

Pension and other postretiremen

Pension and other postretirement benefits	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023
Retirement Benefits [Abstract]
Pension and other postretirement benefits	21. Pension and other postretirement benefits The Company operates either defined benefit or defined contribution pension schemes in all of its principal operating areas. The disclosures included below relate to all pension schemes in the Company. The Company operates defined benefit pension schemes in Belgium, Canada, France, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, the Philippines, the Republic of Ireland, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Switzerland, the United Kingdom and the United States. The Company also operated a defined benefit pension scheme in Brazil which was divested in April 2021. The Company has a mixture of funded and unfunded defined benefit pension schemes. The net surplus of the funded schemes was $218 million and $298 million at December 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively. Unfunded obligations (including jubilee, postretirement healthcare obligations and long-term service commitments) comprise of a number of schemes in Canada, France, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, the Philippines, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Switzerland and the United States, totaling a net liability of $260 million and $238 million at December 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022 respectively. Funded defined benefit schemes in the Republic of Ireland, Switzerland and the United Kingdom are administered by separate funds that are legally distinct from the Company under the jurisdiction of Trustees. The Trustees are required by law to act in the best interests of the scheme participants and are responsible for the definition of investment strategy and for scheme administration. Other schemes are also administered in line with the local regulatory environment. The level of benefits available to most members depends on length of service and either their average salary over their period of employment or their salary in the final years leading up to retirement. For Switzerland, the level of benefits depends on salary, level of savings contributions, the interest rate on old age accounts (which cannot be negative) and the annuity conversion factor on retirement. The Company’s pension schemes in Switzerland are contribution-based schemes with guarantees. This means the Company pays an age-dependent fixed contribution percentage but should the invested assets be insufficient to meet the guaranteed benefit obligations, additional contributions might be required. The change in benefit obligation, change in plan assets, funded status of pension and other postretirement (OPEB) plans, and amounts recognized in the Consolidated Balance Sheets were: Pension Plans OPEB Plans (i) 2023 2022 2023 2022 in $ millions U.S. Non-U.S. U.S. Non-U.S. Change in benefit obligation: Benefit obligation at beginning of year 497 2,105 677 3,136 100 129 Service cost 1 31 2 55 2 3 Interest cost 24 86 18 43 5 3 Amendments – (1) 2 (2) – – Actuarial losses and (gains) 9 178 (153) (831) 3 (32) Benefits paid (35) (89) (35) (101) (5) (5) Plan participant contributions – 9 – 9 – – Settlements – (4) – (6) – – Net transfer out (including the effect of any business combinations/divestitures) – – (14) (11) – – Foreign currency rate changes – 99 – (187) – 2 Benefit obligation at end of year 496 2,414 497 2,105 105 100 Change in plan assets Fair value of plan assets at beginning of year 446 2,316 601 3,015 – – Actual gain (loss) on plan assets 37 143 (122) (467) – – Employer contributions 1 38 2 36 5 5 Plan participant contributions – 9 – 9 – – Benefits paid (35) (89) (35) (101) (5) (5) Settlements – (4) – (6) – – Foreign currency rate changes – 111 – (170) – – Fair value of plan assets at end of year 449 2,524 446 2,316 – – Reconciliation of funded status: Fair value of plan assets 449 2,524 446 2,316 – – Benefit obligation 496 2,414 497 2,105 105 100 Funded status (47) 110 (51) 211 (105) (100) Accumulated Benefit Obligation 496 2,349 497 2,074 Amounts recognized in the Consolidated Balance Sheets: Noncurrent assets – 271 – 347 – – Current liabilities (2) (4) (2) (7) (6) (6) Noncurrent liabilities (45) (111) (49) (129) (98) (94) Liabilities held for sale – (46) – – (1) – Funded status at end of year (47) 110 (51) 211 (105) (100) Net actuarial (loss) gain (68) (225) (79) (97) 35 40 Prior service (cost) credit (1) 92 (1) 95 3 3 Total accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income (69) (133) (80) (2) 38 43 (i) Includes a benefit obligation of $11 million and $11 million related to non-U.S. OPEB plans at December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. The pension and other postretirement plans for which their accumulated benefit obligation, projected benefit obligation or accumulated postretirement benefit obligation exceeds the fair value of their respective plan assets at December 31 were: U.S. Plans Non-U.S. Plans in $ millions 2023 2022 2023 2022 Pension plans with projected benefit obligations in excess of plan assets: Projected benefit obligation 496 497 580 512 Fair value of plan assets 449 446 421 378 Pension plans with accumulated benefit obligations in excess of plan assets: Accumulated benefit obligation 496 497 527 503 Fair value of plan assets 449 446 394 374 Other postretirement plans with accumulated postretirement benefit obligations in excess of plan assets: Accumulated postretirement benefit obligation – – 9 8 Fair value of plan assets – – – – Impact on Consolidated Statements of Income The total retirement benefit expense recognized in the Consolidated Statements of Income for the years ended December 31 were: in $ millions 2023 2022 2021 Total defined contribution expense 320 307 288 Total defined benefit expense 31 30 61 Total expense within the Consolidated Statements of Income 351 337 349 Components of Net Periodic Benefit Cost (Income) The components of net periodic benefit cost (income) recognized in the Consolidated Statements of Income for the years ended December 31 were: Pension Plans OPEB Plans (ii) U.S. Non-U.S. in $ millions 2023 2022 2021 2023 2022 2021 2023 2022 2021 Service cost 1 2 3 31 55 63 2 3 4 Interest cost 24 18 19 86 43 40 5 3 4 Expected return on assets (20) (30) (37) (91) (72) (71) – - – Amortization of: Prior service cost (credit) – 1 – (11) (11) (11) – – (1) Actuarial loss (gain) 3 2 4 4 15 26 (3) – – Curtailment loss (gain) – 3 – – – – (1) – – Settlement loss (gain) – – 17 1 (2) 1 – – – Net periodic benefit cost (income) (i) 8 (4) 6 20 28 48 3 6 7 (i) Service cost is included within Cost of revenues and Selling, general and administrative expenses while all other cost components are recorded within Other nonoperating (expense) income, net. (ii) Includes the net periodic benefit cost of $nil million, $1 million and $1 million related to non-U.S. OPEB plans for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022, and 2021 respectively. The changes in plan assets and benefit obligations that were recognized in Other comprehensive (income) loss for the years ended December 31 were: Pension Plans OPEB Plans U.S. Non-U.S. (i) in $ millions 2023 2022 2021 2023 2022 2021 2023 2022 2021 Net actuarial (gain) loss (8) (1) (7) 126 (292) (181) 3 (32) (19) Prior service cost (credit) – 2 1 (1) (2) (1) – – (1) Amortization or curtailment recognition of prior service (cost) credit – (4) – 11 11 11 – – 1 Amortization or settlement recognition of net (loss) gain (3) (2) (21) (4) (13) (27) 3 – – Foreign currency exchange effects – – – (2) (27) (29) – – – Amount recognized in other comprehensive (income) loss (i) (11) (5) (27) 130 (323) (227) 6 (32) (19) Amount recognized in net periodic pension benefit cost (income) and other comprehensive (income) loss (3) (9) (21) 150 (295) (179) 9 (26) (12) (i) Includes an amount recognized in other comprehensive (income) loss of $1 million, $(2) million and $(2) million related to non-U.S. OPEB plans for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, respectively. The weighted average assumptions used to determine net periodic benefit cost (income) for the years ended December 31 were: Pension Plans OPEB Plans U.S. Non-U.S. 2023 2022 2021 2023 2022 2021 2023 2022 2021 Discount rate 5.20 % 2.70 % 2.25 % 4.13 % 1.54 % 1.23 % 5.08 % 2.59 % 2.18 % Rate of compensation increase N/A 3.50 % 3.50 % 3.22 % 2.74 % 2.39 % 2.80 % 2.22 % 2.37 % Expected long‐term rate of return on plan assets 5.50 % 5.50 % 5.50 % 4.04 % 2.54 % 2.51 % N/A N/A N/A Interest crediting rates N/A N/A N/A 1.50 % 2.25 % 1.25 % N/A N/A N/A The weighted average assumptions used to determine the benefit obligation at December 31 were: Pension Plans OPEB Plans U.S. Non-U.S. 2023 2022 2023 2022 2023 2022 Discount rate 4.95 % 5.20 % 3.49 % 4.13 % 4.86 % 5.08 % Rate of compensation increase N/A N/A 3.22 % 3.22 % 2.75 % 2.80 % The long-term return expectation is developed based on a diversified investment strategy that takes into account historical experience, as well as the impact of portfolio diversification, active portfolio management, and the Company’s view of current and future economic and financial market conditions. In determining the expected rate of return for the plan assets, the Company analyzes investment community forecasts and current market conditions to develop expected returns for each of the asset classes used by the plans, which are weighted to reflect the asset allocation of each plan. As market conditions and other factors change, the Company may adjust targets accordingly, and asset allocations may vary from the target allocations. The assets of the Company’s pension and other postretirement plans are managed externally for the benefit of the plan members. Consideration is given to the long-term nature of the benefit obligations and the investment strategy is set at plan level, typically to maintain a diversified portfolio of assets with the objective of meeting future obligations and long-term cash requirements as they fall due. Assets are primarily invested in diversified funds that hold equity and debt securities to maintain security while maximizing returns within each plan’s investment policy. The investment policy for each plan specifies the type of investment vehicle, asset allocation guidelines as well as investment monitoring/performance requirements. For the main funded plans, the target allocations to equity/debt are as follows: (i) Ireland: Equities 10-20% / Debt 45-55%. (ii) U.S.: Equities 10-30% / Debt 65-85%. (iii) Switzerland: Equities 25-35% / Debt 25-55%. (iv) Other asset classes have a range of smaller % targets. The target allocation ranges and fair values by asset class at December 31 were: Pension Plans Target allocation ranges U.S. Plans Non-U.S. Plans 2023 (%) Cash and cash equivalents – 0-5 Equity instruments (i) 10-30 15-25 Debt instruments (ii) 65-85 20-35 Real estate – 5-10 Derivatives – 0-5 Investment funds 0-15 0-5 Assets held by insurance company – 0-5 Other – 0-10 (i) For U.S. pension plans, equity instruments with a total allocation range of 10-30% are made up of 10-30% in developed markets’ diversified equity instruments and 10-30% in emerging markets’ diversified equity instruments. For non-U.S. pension plans, equity instruments with a total allocation range of 15-25% are made up of 15-22% in developed markets’ diversified equity instruments and 1-2% in emerging markets’ diversified equity instruments. (ii) For U.S. pension plans, debt instruments with a total allocation range of 65-85% are made up of 65-85% in non-government debt instruments and 65-85% in government fixed interest instruments. For non-U.S. pension plans, debt instruments with a total allocation range of 20-35% are made up of 11-18% in non-government debt instruments, 17-32% in government fixed interest instruments, 31-40% in government inflation-protected bonds, 4-10% in asset-backed instruments, 4-10% in inflation-protected bonds and 4-10% in structured debt. The Company’s asset allocations by asset category at December 31 were: Pension Plans Fair Values 2023 U.S. Plans Non-U.S. Plans in $ millions Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Total Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Total Cash and cash equivalents 3 – – 3 50 15 – 65 Equity instruments (i) – 90 – 90 462 56 – 518 Debt instruments (ii) – 341 – 341 1,310 179 – 1,489 Real estate – – – – 97 82 14 193 Derivatives – – – – 12 2 – 14 Investment funds 11 – – 11 85 13 – 98 Assets held by insurance company – – – – – 2 117 119 Other – – 4 4 1 19 8 28 Total 14 431 4 449 2,017 368 139 2,524 (i) For U.S. pension plans, equity instruments of $90 million are made up of $79 million in developed markets’ diversified equity instruments and $11 million in emerging markets’ diversified equity instruments. For non-U.S. pension plans, equity instruments of $518 million are made up of $486 million in developed markets’ diversified equity instruments and $32 million in emerging markets’ diversified equity instruments. (ii) For U.S. pension plans, debt instruments of $341 million are made up of $233 million in non-government debt instruments and $108 million in government fixed interest instruments. For non-U.S. pension plans, debt instruments of $1,489 million are made up of $251 million in non-government debt instruments, $400 million in government fixed interest instruments, $763 million in government inflation-protected bonds, $34 million in asset-backed instruments and $41 million in inflation-protected bonds. There were no other postretirement plan assets at December 31, 2023. Pension Plans Fair Values 2022 U.S. Plans Non-U.S. Plans in $ millions Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Total Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Total Cash and cash equivalents 4 – – 4 53 – – 53 Equity instruments (i) – 83 – 83 435 66 – 501 Debt instruments (ii) 3 314 – 317 1,288 36 – 1,324 Real estate – – – – 181 – 13 194 Derivatives – – – – 12 (5) – 7 Investment funds 23 – 11 34 77 11 – 88 Assets held by insurance company – – – – – 2 113 115 Other – – 8 8 28 – 6 34 Total 30 397 19 446 2,074 110 132 2,316 (i) For U.S. pension plans, equity instruments of $83 million are made up of $73 million in developed markets’ diversified equity instruments and $10 million in emerging markets’ diversified equity instruments. For non-U.S. pension plans, equity instruments of $501 million are made up of $470 million in developed markets’ diversified equity instruments and $31 million in emerging markets’ diversified equity instruments. (ii) For U.S. pension plans, debt instruments of $317 million are made up of $189 million in non-government debt instruments and $128 million in government fixed interest instruments. For non-U.S. pension plans, debt instruments of $1,324 million are made up of $197 million in non-government debt instruments, $437 million in government fixed interest instruments, $663 million in government inflation-protected bonds and $27 million in asset-backed instruments. There were no other postretirement plan assets at December 31, 2022. The Level 3 reconciliation for pension plans by asset class for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022 were: U.S. Plans in $ millions Beginning balance on 1/1/2023 Actual return on plan assets, relating to assets still held at reporting date Purchases, sales and settlements Transfer (out of) Level 3 Change due to exchange rate changes Ending balance on 12/31/2023 Asset Class Investment funds 11 – – (11) – – Other 8 1 (1) (4) – 4 Total 19 1 (1) (15) – 4 Non-U.S. Plans in $ millions Beginning balance on 1/1/2023 Actual return on plan assets, relating to assets still held at reporting date Purchases, sales and settlements Transfer into/(out of) Level 3 Change due to exchange rate changes Ending balance on 12/31/2023 Asset Class Real estate 13 – - – 1 14 Assets held by insurance company 113 11 (10) – 3 117 Other 6 2 – – – 8 Total 132 13 (10) – 4 139 U.S. Plans in $ millions Beginning balance on 1/1/2022 Actual return on plan assets, relating to assets still held at reporting date Purchases, sales and settlements Change due to exchange rate changes Ending balance on 12/31/2022 Asset Class Investment funds 11 – – – 11 Other 9 – (1) – 8 Total 20 – (1) – 19 Non-U.S. Plans in $ millions Beginning balance on 1/1/2022 Actual return on plan assets, relating to assets still held at reporting date Purchases, sales and settlements Change due to exchange rate changes Ending balance on 12/31/2022 Asset Class Real estate 17 (2) – (2) 13 Assets held by insurance company 152 (31) – (8) 113 Other 5 2 – (1) 6 Total 174 (31) – (11) 132 Cash and cash equivalents: Cash and all highly liquid securities with original maturities of three months or less are classified as Cash and cash equivalents, primarily consisting of cash deposits in interest bearing accounts, time deposits and money market funds. These assets are classified as Level 1. Equity instruments: Individual securities that are valued at the closing price or last trade reported on the major market on which they are traded are classed as Level 1. Commingled funds that are publicly traded are based upon market quotes and are classed as Level 1. The fair-value of non-publicly traded funds are determined using the Net Asset Value (NAV) provided by the administrator and are classified as Level 2. Debt instruments: The fair value is determined using market prices (Level 1) or prices derived from observable inputs (Level 2). Level 2 investments may also include commingled funds that have a readily determinable fair value based on observable prices of the underlying securities. Real estate: Investments in real estate funds that are publicly traded are based upon market quotes and are classed as Level 1. Direct investments in real estate are classed as Level 2 and determined using the NAV provided by the administrator. Assets held by insurance company: The fair value is based on negotiated value and the underlying investments held in separate account portfolios, as well as the consideration of the creditworthiness of the issuer. The underlying investments are primarily government, asset-backed and fixed income securities. Assets held by insurance company are generally classified as Level 2 or Level 3 depending on the structure of the contract/market pricing information. The assumed healthcare cost trend rates at December 31 were: 2023 2022 2021 Healthcare cost trend rate assumed for next year 6.85 % 1.76 % 5.91 % Rate to which the cost trend rate gradually declines 3.70 % 3.70 % 3.60 % Year the rate reaches the ultimate rate 2090 2090 2074 The following table presents the expected future benefit payments to be made over the next 10 years: Pension plans OPEB in $ millions U.S. Non-U.S. 2024 36 100 6 2025 37 104 6 2026 37 107 6 2027 37 111 6 2028 36 114 6 2029-2033 176 598 34 The Company expects that it will contribute $2 million to the U.S. pension plans, $37 million to the non-U.S. pension plans and $6 million to the OPEB plans, including minimum funding payments, in 2024.

Variable interest entities

Variable interest entities	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023
Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]
Variable interest entities	22. Variable interest entities The Company’s operations in the Philippines are conducted through a VIE, wherein the Company holds 40% of the equity share capital and a 55% share of earnings and distributions. The remaining noncontrolling interest of 60% equity share capital and 45% share of earnings and distributions is held by an unrelated party. The Company’s voting rights are not proportional to its share of earnings and distributions, and substantially all of the activities of the Philippines business are conducted on behalf of the Company and controlled by the Company through contractual relationships. Therefore, the Philippines business meets the definition of a VIE for which the Company is the primary beneficiary and, therefore, is consolidated. Further, the Company has provided subordinated debt to the intermediate parent of the Philippines business which exposes the Company to the profits and losses of the Philippines business. The debt is repayable only in the event where the shareholder agreement of the intermediate parent of the Philippines business is terminated or where the Company transfers its shares in the intermediate parent to an unrelated entity (i.e., the debt exposure of the Company becomes in substance a residual interest in the intermediate parent). The carrying amounts of assets and liabilities of the consolidated VIE, reported within the Consolidated Balance Sheets before intragroup eliminations with other CRH plc companies at December 31 were: in $ millions 2023 2022 Assets Current assets: Cash and cash equivalents 19 34 Accounts receivable, net 31 34 Inventories 99 149 Other current assets 51 48 Total current assets 200 265 Property, plant and equipment, net 923 954 Goodwill 200 495 Operating lease right-of-use assets, net 5 6 Other noncurrent assets 11 7 Total assets 1,339 1,727 Liabilities Current liabilities: Accounts payable 92 118 Accrued expenses 36 48 Current portion of long-term debt 98 72 Operating lease liabilities 1 1 Other current liabilities 25 28 Total current liabilities 252 267 Long-term debt 297 347 Deferred income tax liabilities 106 108 Noncurrent operating lease liabilities 5 5 Other noncurrent liabilities 17 15 Total liabilities 677 742 The operating results of the consolidated VIE, reported within the Consolidated Statements of Income and Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows before intragroup eliminations with other CRH plc companies for the years ended December 31 were: in $ millions 2023 2022 2021 Total revenues 446 544 616 Total cost of revenues (416) (479) (487) Gross profit 30 65 129 Net (loss) income (325) (24) 61 Net cash provided by operating activities 24 12 75

Redeemable noncontrolling inter

Redeemable noncontrolling interest	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023
Noncontrolling Interest [Abstract]
Redeemable noncontrolling interest	23. Redeemable noncontrolling interests The redeemable noncontrolling interests comprises the noncontrolling interests in two of the Company’s subsidiaries within the Americas Materials Solutions segment, that are currently redeemable. The Company has the ability to exercise the call option for the noncontrolling interests on or after December 31, 2031. In addition to the call options, the noncontrolling interest holder has the right to sell the noncontrolling interests to the Company, which are currently exercisable. These put and call options are redeemable based on multiples of EBITDA. The noncontrolling interests are considered redeemable noncontrolling equity interests, as their redemption is not solely within the Company’s control. The noncontrolling interests were recorded at their respective fair values as of the acquisition dates and are adjusted to their expected redemption values, with an offsetting entry to retained earnings, as of the reporting date as if that date was the redemption date, if those amounts exceed their respective carrying values. During the twelve months ended December 31, 2023, the Company increased the carrying amount of the redeemable noncontrolling interests to reflect the estimated redemption values as of the balance sheet date based on the formulaic redemption values, with an offsetting entry to retained earnings. The rollforward of Redeemable noncontrolling interests at December 31 was: in $ millions Balance at December 31, 2020 322 Net income attributable to redeemable noncontrolling interests 22 Adjustment to the redemption value 18 Dividends paid (26) Balance at December 31, 2021 336 Net income attributable to redeemable noncontrolling interests 27 Adjustment to the redemption value (40) Dividends paid (15) Balance at December 31, 2022 308 Net income attributable to redeemable noncontrolling interests 28 Adjustment to the redemption value 24 Dividends paid (27) Balance at December 31, 2023 333

Commitment and contingencies

Commitment and contingencies	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023
Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]
Commitment and contingencies	24. Commitments and contingencies Guarantees The Company has given letters of guarantee to secure obligations of subsidiary undertakings as follows: $11.3 billion and $9.3 billion in respect of loans and borrowings, bank advances and derivative obligations at December 31, 2023 and 2022 respectively, and $0.4 billion and $0.4 billion at December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively, in respect of letters of credit due within one year. Contractual commitments Contractual commitments at December 31, 2023 were: in $ millions Unconditional purchase obligations 2024 1,216 Thereafter 887 Total contractual commitments 2,103 Legal Proceedings The Company is not involved in any proceedings that it believes could reasonably be expected to have a material adverse effect on the Company’s financial condition, results of operations or liquidity.

Subsequent events

Subsequent events	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023
Subsequent Events [Abstract]
Subsequent events	25. Subsequent events The Company has evaluated subsequent events occurring through to the date the Consolidated Financial Statements were issued. Based upon this review, the Company did not identify any subsequent events that would have required adjustment or disclosure in the Consolidated Financial Statements except as noted below or disclosed in the notes elsewhere. Dividends

Summary of significant accoun_2

Summary of significant accounting policies (Policies)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023
Accounting Policies [Abstract]
Basis of presentation	Basis of presentation and use of estimates Effective January 1, 2023, the Company transitioned from International Financial Reporting Standards as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board (IFRS) to accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (U.S. GAAP).
Use of estimates	Estimates and underlying assumptions are reviewed on an ongoing basis. Changes in accounting estimates may be necessary if there are changes in the circumstances or experiences on which the estimate was based or as a result of new information.
Consolidation	Consolidation The Consolidated Financial Statements include the accounts of CRH plc, and the wholly and majority owned subsidiaries of CRH plc, in addition to variable interest entities (VIEs) in which the Company is the primary beneficiary. In evaluating whether the Company has a controlling financial interest, the following are considered: (1) for voting interest entities, the Company consolidates those entities in which they own a majority of the voting interests; and (2) for VIEs, the Company consolidates those entities for which they are the primary beneficiary. All intercompany transactions and accounts have been eliminated. The Company uses the equity method of accounting for their investments in entities over which the Company has the ability to exercise significant influence over the operating and financial policies or exercise joint control with other investors but does not control and is not the primary beneficiary. Equity method investments are initially recognized at cost and are included within Equity method investments in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. The Company’s proportionate interest in the results of the investment is included within Income (loss) from equity method investments in the Consolidated Statements of Income. Where the Company is an active party to contractual arrangements that involve a joint operating activity and is exposed to significant risks and rewards that are dependent on the commercial success of the activity, the Company treats such operations as collaborative arrangements. For such operations, the Company accounts for its pro rata share of assets, liabilities, revenues, and costs in the Consolidated Balance Sheets and Consolidated Statements of Income.
Noncontrolling interests – non-redeemable and redeemable	Noncontrolling interests – nonredeemable and redeemable Noncontrolling interests represent the portion of the equity of a subsidiary not attributable either directly or indirectly to the Company and are presented separately in the Consolidated Statements of Income and within equity in the Consolidated Balance Sheets, distinguished from Company shareholders’ equity. Acquisitions of noncontrolling interests are accounted for as transactions with equity holders in their capacity as equity holders and therefore no goodwill is recognized as a result of such transactions. Noncontrolling interests are measured initially at fair value.
Business combinations	Business combinations Acquisitions are accounted for using the acquisition method, which requires allocation of the purchase price to assets acquired and liabilities assumed based on estimated fair values. The purchase price is determined based on the fair value of consideration transferred to and liabilities assumed from the seller as of the date of acquisition. The Company allocates the purchase price to the fair values of the tangible and identifiable intangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed as of the date of acquisition. Any excess of the purchase price over the fair value of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed is recorded as goodwill. Determining the fair values of assets acquired and liabilities assumed requires judgment and often involves the use of significant estimates and assumptions. Fair value is the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction, and therefore represents an exit price. A fair value measurement assumes the highest and best use of the asset by market participants. Allocations of the purchase price are based on preliminary estimates and assumptions at the date of acquisition and are subject to revision based on final information received including appraisals and other analyses which support underlying estimates within the measurement period, a period of no more than one year from the acquisition date. Measurement period adjustments are generally recorded as increases or decreases to goodwill, if any, recognized in the transaction.
Foreign currency translation	Foreign currency translation The Consolidated Financial Statements are presented in U.S. Dollar, which is the reporting currency of the Company. Transactions in foreign currencies are recorded at the rate of exchange in effect at the date of the transaction. Monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies are retranslated at the rate of exchange in effect at the balance sheet date. The Company releases any related cumulative translation adjustment into earnings only if the sale or transfer results in the complete or substantially complete liquidation of the foreign entity. Non-monetary items are measured at historical rates.
Revenue recognition	Revenue recognition The Company recognizes revenues in the amount of the price expected to be received for goods and services supplied at a point in time or over time, as contractual performance obligations are fulfilled, and control of goods and services passes to the customer. Revenue excludes trade discounts and value-added tax or sales tax. Revenues derived from sale of goods (sources other than construction contracts) The Company manufactures and supplies a diverse range of building materials and products. Revenues from the sale of goods are recognized at a point in time when control of the promised goods is transferred to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the Company expects to be entitled to receive in exchange for the goods. Control is obtained when a customer has the ability to direct the use of and obtain substantially all of the remaining benefits from the goods. Control passes to the customer either upon leaving the Company’s premises or upon delivery to the customer, depending on the terms of the sale. Contracts do not contain multiple performance obligations. Goods are often sold with discounts or rebates based on cumulative sales over a period. This variable consideration is only recognized when it is probable that it will not be subsequently reversed and is recognized using the most-likely amount or expected value methods, depending on the individual contract terms. Estimates of variable consideration and determination of whether to include estimated amounts in the transaction price are based on the assessment of anticipated performance and all information (historical, current, and forecasted) that is reasonably available to management. Revenues derived from construction contracts The Company enters into construction contracts to complete large construction projects. Contracts usually commence and complete within one year and are generally fixed price but may be subject to indexation and/or escalation clauses that can either increase or decrease the final transaction price. The Company typically recognizes revenue within its construction contract businesses over time as it performs its obligations. The Company believes this best reflects the transfer of control to the customer by providing a faithful depiction of the enhancement of a customer-controlled asset or the construction of an asset with no alternative use. The percentage-of-completion method is used to recognize revenue when the outcome of a contract can be estimated reliably. The percentage-of-completion is calculated using an input method and based on the proportion of contract costs incurred at the balance sheet date relative to the total estimated costs of the contract. In all construction contract arrangements, the Company has an enforceable right to payment for work and performance obligations completed to date. Some of the Company’s construction contracts may contain forms of variable consideration that can either increase or decrease the transaction price. Variable consideration is estimated based on the most likely amount or expected value methods (depending on the contract terms) and the transaction price is adjusted to the extent it is probable that a significant reversal of revenue recognized will not occur. A contract asset is recognized when the related performance obligation has been satisfied, but the Company has not yet invoiced the customer and so is not unconditionally entitled to the consideration under the payment terms set out in the contract. Contract assets are classified as Accounts receivable, net, in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. A contract liability is recognized when a non-refundable payment is received from a customer in advance of work being performed. A contract liability would also be recognized if the Company has an unconditional right to receive non-refundable consideration before the Company recognizes the related revenue. Contract liabilities are classified as Other current liabilities in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. The Company’s contracts generally are for a duration of less than one year and therefore the Company does not capitalize incremental contract costs; instead these are expensed as incurred, as permitted by the practical expedient.
Contract assets and liabilities	Revenue recognition The Company recognizes revenues in the amount of the price expected to be received for goods and services supplied at a point in time or over time, as contractual performance obligations are fulfilled, and control of goods and services passes to the customer. Revenue excludes trade discounts and value-added tax or sales tax. Revenues derived from sale of goods (sources other than construction contracts) The Company manufactures and supplies a diverse range of building materials and products. Revenues from the sale of goods are recognized at a point in time when control of the promised goods is transferred to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the Company expects to be entitled to receive in exchange for the goods. Control is obtained when a customer has the ability to direct the use of and obtain substantially all of the remaining benefits from the goods. Control passes to the customer either upon leaving the Company’s premises or upon delivery to the customer, depending on the terms of the sale. Contracts do not contain multiple performance obligations. Goods are often sold with discounts or rebates based on cumulative sales over a period. This variable consideration is only recognized when it is probable that it will not be subsequently reversed and is recognized using the most-likely amount or expected value methods, depending on the individual contract terms. Estimates of variable consideration and determination of whether to include estimated amounts in the transaction price are based on the assessment of anticipated performance and all information (historical, current, and forecasted) that is reasonably available to management. Revenues derived from construction contracts The Company enters into construction contracts to complete large construction projects. Contracts usually commence and complete within one year and are generally fixed price but may be subject to indexation and/or escalation clauses that can either increase or decrease the final transaction price. The Company typically recognizes revenue within its construction contract businesses over time as it performs its obligations. The Company believes this best reflects the transfer of control to the customer by providing a faithful depiction of the enhancement of a customer-controlled asset or the construction of an asset with no alternative use. The percentage-of-completion method is used to recognize revenue when the outcome of a contract can be estimated reliably. The percentage-of-completion is calculated using an input method and based on the proportion of contract costs incurred at the balance sheet date relative to the total estimated costs of the contract. In all construction contract arrangements, the Company has an enforceable right to payment for work and performance obligations completed to date. Some of the Company’s construction contracts may contain forms of variable consideration that can either increase or decrease the transaction price. Variable consideration is estimated based on the most likely amount or expected value methods (depending on the contract terms) and the transaction price is adjusted to the extent it is probable that a significant reversal of revenue recognized will not occur. A contract asset is recognized when the related performance obligation has been satisfied, but the Company has not yet invoiced the customer and so is not unconditionally entitled to the consideration under the payment terms set out in the contract. Contract assets are classified as Accounts receivable, net, in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. A contract liability is recognized when a non-refundable payment is received from a customer in advance of work being performed. A contract liability would also be recognized if the Company has an unconditional right to receive non-refundable consideration before the Company recognizes the related revenue. Contract liabilities are classified as Other current liabilities in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. The Company’s contracts generally are for a duration of less than one year and therefore the Company does not capitalize incremental contract costs; instead these are expensed as incurred, as permitted by the practical expedient.
Cash and cash equivalents	Cash and cash equivalents Cash and cash equivalents include cash on hand and all highly liquid investments with original maturities at the time of purchase of three months or less. The Company had restricted cash of $6 million and $5 million at December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively, included within Cash and cash equivalents in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. The Company is restricted from utilizing the cash for purposes other than with government approval as it is linked to the awarding of government licenses for quarrying.
Accounts receivable, net	Accounts receivable, net Accounts receivable are stated at amortized cost. The Company records an allowance for credit losses, which includes an allowance for probable losses based on historical write-offs, adjusted for current conditions as deemed necessary, and a specific reserve for accounts deemed at risk. The allowance is the Company’s estimate for receivables as of the balance sheet date that ultimately will not be collected. Any changes in the allowance are reflected in earnings in the period in which the change occurs. The Company writes-off accounts receivable when it becomes probable, based upon customer facts and circumstances, that such amounts will not be collected.
Inventories	Inventories Inventories are stated at the lower of cost or net realizable value. Cost is determined using the first-in, first-out method or weighted average method. Net realizable value is the estimated selling price in the ordinary course of business, less estimates for costs of completion, disposal, and transportation. Materials and other supplies held for use in the production of inventories are not written down below cost if the finished goods, in which they will be incorporated, are expected to be sold at or above cost.
Property, plant and equipment, net	Property, plant and equipment, net Property, plant and equipment are stated at cost less any accumulated depreciation, depletion, and any accumulated impairments. Expenditures for additions and improvements that significantly add to the productive capacity or extend the useful life of an asset are capitalized. Repair and maintenance costs that do not substantially expand productive capacity or extend the life of property, plant and equipment are expensed as incurred. The Company reviews the carrying value of property, plant and equipment for impairment whenever events or circumstances indicate that the carrying value of an asset group may not be recoverable. Such indicators may include, among others, deterioration in general economic conditions, adverse changes in the markets in which an entity operates, increases in input costs that have a negative effect on earnings and cash flows or a trend of negative or declining cash flows over multiple periods. An impairment loss is recognized if the estimated future (undiscounted) cash flows expected to result from the use and eventual disposition of that asset group are less than its carrying value and is measured by the amount by which the carrying value of the asset group exceeds its fair value. The Company capitalizes interest as part of the cost of capital projects incurred during construction. Depreciation is computed using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets, as follows: • Buildings 40 years; and • Plant and machinery 5 to 30 years Mineral-bearing land, less an estimate of its residual value, is depleted over the period of the mineral extraction in the proportion to which product for the year bears to the latest estimates of proven and probable mineral reserves. Land, other than mineral-bearing land, is not depreciated.
Leases	Leases A contract contains a lease if it is enforceable and conveys the right to control the use of a specified asset for a period of time in exchange for consideration, which is assessed at inception. A right-of-use asset and lease liability are recognized at the commencement date for contracts containing a lease. Leases are evaluated and classified as either finance leases or operating leases. A lease is classified as a finance lease if any one of the following criteria are met: (1) the lease transfers ownership of the asset by the end of the lease term; (2) the lease contains an option to purchase the asset that is reasonably certain to be exercised; (3) the lease term is for a major part of the remaining useful life of the asset; (4) the underlying asset is of such a specialized nature that is expected to have no alternative use to the lessor at the end of the lease term or (5) the present value of the lease payments equals or exceeds substantially all of the fair value of the asset. A lease is classified as an operating lease if it does not meet any one of the above criteria. The lease liability is initially measured at the present value of the future lease payments, discounted using the incremental borrowing rate or the interest rate implicit in the lease, if this is readily determinable, over the remaining lease term. Lease payments include fixed payments less any lease incentives receivable, variable payments that are dependent on a rate or index known at the commencement date, amounts expected to be paid under residual value guarantees and any payments for an optional renewal period and purchase and termination option payments, if the Company is reasonably certain to exercise those options. The lease term is the non-cancellable period of the lease adjusted for any renewal or termination options which are reasonably certain to be exercised. The Company applies judgment in determining whether it is reasonably certain that a renewal, termination or purchase option will be exercised. The right-of-use asset for each lease is initially measured at cost, which comprises the lease liability adjusted for any payments made at or before the commencement date, initial direct costs incurred, lease incentives received and an estimate of the cost to dismantle or restore the underlying asset or the site on which it is located at the end of the lease term. The right-of-use asset of finance leases is amortized over the lease term or, where a purchase option is reasonably certain to be exercised, over the useful economic life of the asset in line with depreciation rates for owned property, plant and equipment. The right-of-use asset of operating leases is amortized as a balancing amount that together with the accretion on lease liability produces straight-line total lease expenses. The amortization of operating lease right-of-use assets and the accretion of operating lease liabilities are reported together as fixed lease expense in the Consolidated Financial Statements. The fixed lease expense is recognized on a straight-line basis over the life of the lease. Interest expense on a finance lease is recognized using the effective interest method over the lease term. The Company has elected to separate non-lease components in a contract such as maintenance and other service charges from the lease component and expense such components as incurred. Variable lease payments directly linked to sales or usage are also expensed as incurred. Additionally, for short-term leases with an initial lease term of 12 months or less and with purchase options which the Company is reasonably certain not to exercise, the Company has elected not to record the corresponding right-of-use asset or the corresponding lease liability in the Consolidated Balance Sheets and to expense short-term lease payments as incurred.
Asset retirement obligations	Asset retirement obligations The Company records a liability for an asset retirement obligation at fair value in the period in which it is incurred where a legal or contractual obligation exists, and the liability can be reasonably estimated. When the liability is initially recorded, the Company capitalizes the cost by increasing the carrying amount of the related long-lived asset. The liability is accreted over time and the asset is depreciated over the useful life of the related asset. Upon settlement of the liability, the Company recognizes a gain or loss for any difference between the settlement amount and the liability recorded. Asset retirement obligations consist primarily of quarry closure and post-closure costs.
Derivative financial instruments and hedging practices	Derivative financial instruments and hedging practices The Company enters into various derivative financial instruments to manage its exposure to fluctuating interest rates, currency exchange rates, and commodity pricing. Such instruments primarily include interest rate swap agreements, currency swap agreements, commodity swap agreements, and currency and commodity forward contracts. These instruments are not entered into for trading purposes. There are three types of derivatives the Company enters into: (i) those relating to fair value exposures; (ii) those relating to cash flow exposures and (iii) those relating to foreign currency net investment exposures. Fair value exposures relate to recognized assets or liabilities, and firm commitments; cash flow exposures relate to the variability of future cash flows associated with recognized assets or liabilities, or forecasted transactions, and net investment exposures relate to the impact of foreign currency exchange rate changes on the carrying value of net assets denominated in foreign currencies. When a derivative is executed and hedge accounting is appropriate, it is designated as either a fair value hedge, cash flow hedge, or a net investment hedge. Whether designated as hedges for accounting purposes or not, all derivatives are linked to an appropriate underlying exposure. On an ongoing basis, the Company assesses the hedge effectiveness of all derivatives designated as hedges for accounting purposes to determine if they continue to be highly effective in offsetting changes in fair values or cash flows of the underlying hedged items. If it is determined that the hedge is not highly effective, then hedge accounting will be discontinued prospectively. Changes in the fair value of derivatives designated as fair value hedges are recognized in earnings as an offset to the change in the fair values of the underlying exposures being hedged. The changes in fair value of derivatives that are designated as cash flow hedges are deferred in Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) and are reclassified to earnings as the underlying hedged transaction affects earnings. Provided the hedge remains highly effective, any ineffectiveness is deferred in Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) and is reclassified to earnings as the underlying hedged transaction affects earnings. Hedges of net investments in foreign subsidiaries are recognized in the currency translation adjustment component of Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) in the Consolidated Balance Sheets to offset translation gains and losses associated with the hedged net investment.
Debt	Debt Debt is recorded at initial fair value, which normally reflects the proceeds received by the Company, net of debt issuance costs. Debt is subsequently stated at amortized cost. Debt issuance costs are amortized to interest expense over the term of the debt. Debt issuance discounts and premiums are also amortized to interest expense using the effective interest rate method over the term of the debt. Debt issuance costs associated with the Company’s revolving facility are amortized to interest expense on a straight-line basis over the facility’s term.
Goodwill	Goodwill Goodwill represents the excess of the purchase price over the fair value of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed in a business combination. Goodwill is tested for impairment annually at October 1 or more frequently if events or circumstances indicate that an impairment loss may have been incurred, at the reporting unit level, one level below the Company’s operating segments. The Company has the option of either assessing qualitative factors to determine whether it is more likely than not that the carrying value of the reporting units exceeds their respective fair value or proceeding directly to a quantitative test. The Company elected to perform the quantitative impairment test for all years presented. If the fair value exceeds its carrying value, the goodwill of the reporting unit is not considered impaired. However, if the carrying value of a reporting unit exceeds its fair value, an impairment loss is recognized by writing down the assets to their fair value.
Intangible assets, net	Intangible assets, net Intangible assets acquired in business combinations are stated at their fair value as determined at the date of acquisition. Intangible assets are amortized on a straight-line basis. In general, based on the current composition of definite-lived intangible assets, the useful lives for customer-related intangible assets range from 5 to 20 years and the useful lives for marketing-related intangible assets range from 10 to 30 years. The Company evaluates the recoverability of its intangible assets subject to amortization when facts and circumstances indicate that the carrying value of the asset may not be recoverable. If the carrying value is not recoverable, impairment is measured as the amount by which the carrying value exceeds its estimated fair value.
Pension and other postretirement benefits	Pension and other postretirement benefitsThe Company sponsors defined benefit retirement plans and also provides other postretirement benefits. The Company recognizes the funded status, defined as the difference between the fair value of plan assets and the benefit obligation, of its pension plans and other postretirement benefits as an asset or liability in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. Actuarial gains or losses that arise during the year are recognized as a component of Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss). Amounts in excess of a corridor are subsequently amortized over the participants’ average remaining service period and recognized as a component of net periodic benefit cost. The corridor represents the excess over 10% of the greater of the projected benefit obligation or pension plan assets and is determined on a plan-by-plan basis.
Insurance	Insurance The Company has insurance arrangements which comprise employer’s liability (workers’ compensation in the United States), public and products liability (general liability in the United States), automobile liability, property damage, business interruption and various other insurances. Due to the extended timeframe associated with many of the insurances, a significant proportion of the total liability is subject to periodic actuarial valuation. The projected cash flows underlying the discounting process are established through the application of actuarial triangulations, which are extrapolated from historical claims experience. While the Company believes the assumptions used to calculate these liabilities are appropriate, significant differences in actual experience and/or significant changes in those assumptions may materially affect insurance liabilities.
Share-based compensation	Share-based compensationThe Company grants share-based awards, which consist of performance stock units (PSU) and stock options. All of the share-based compensation awards are classified as equity awards. The Company measures share-based compensation awards using fair value based measurement methods. This results in the recognition of compensation expense for all share-based compensation awards based on their fair value as of the grant date. For performance-based awards, compensation expense is recognized only if it is probable that the performance condition will be achieved. Compensation expense is recognized over the requisite service period for time and performance-based awards, net of estimated forfeitures.
Treasury stock	Treasury Stock The Company accounts for Treasury Stock under the cost method. When Treasury Stock is re-issued at a price higher than its cost, the difference is recorded as a component of additional paid-in capital in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. When Treasury Stock is re-issued at a price lower than its cost, the difference is recorded as a component of additional paid-in capital to the extent that there are previously recorded gains to offset the losses. If there are no Treasury Stock gains in additional paid-in capital, the losses upon re-issuance of Treasury Stock are recorded as a reduction of retained earnings in the Consolidated Balance Sheets.
Environmental remediation costs	Environmental remediation costs The Company records an accrual for environmental remediation liabilities in the period in which it is probable that a liability has been incurred and the appropriate amounts can be estimated reasonably. Such accruals are adjusted as further information develops or circumstances change. Generally, these costs are not discounted to their present value or offset for potential insurance or other claims or potential gains from future alternative uses for a site.
Income taxes	Income taxes Current tax represents the expected tax payable (or recoverable) on the taxable profit for the year using tax rates enacted for the period. Where items are accounted for outside of profit or loss, the related income tax is recognized either in other comprehensive income (loss) or directly in equity, as appropriate. Interest and penalties associated with the liability for income tax are classified as income tax expense. The Company’s policy is to release tax effects from Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) when the underlying items affect earnings. Deferred tax is recognized using the liability method on temporary differences arising at the balance sheet date between the tax bases of assets and liabilities and their carrying amounts in the Consolidated Financial Statements. However, deferred tax liabilities are not recognized if they arise from the initial recognition of goodwill. For the most part, no provision has been made for undistributed earnings as the majority of earnings are considered indefinitely reinvested or can be distributed on a tax-free basis. However, a temporary difference has been recognized to the extent that earnings are not permanently reinvested. Deferred tax is determined using tax rates (and laws) that have been enacted as of the balance sheet date and are expected to apply when the related deferred income tax asset is realized, or the deferred income tax liability is settled. Deferred tax assets are recognized in full and then reduced by a valuation allowance if it is more likely than not that some or all of the deferred tax assets will not be recognized. The Company’s income tax charge is based on reported profit and enacted statutory tax rates, which reflect various allowances and reliefs available to the Company in the multiple tax jurisdictions in which it operates. The determination of the Company’s provision for income tax requires certain judgments and estimates in relation to matters where the ultimate tax outcome may not be certain. In addition, the Company is subject to tax audits which can involve complex issues that could require extended periods to conclude, the resolution of which is often not within the control of the Company. Although the Company believes that the estimates included in the Consolidated Financial Statements and its tax return positions are reasonable, there is no certainty that the final outcome of these matters will not be different to that which is reflected in the Company’s historical income tax provisions and accruals. The Company evaluates these positions regularly and records a tax benefit only to the extent it is more likely than not that a position will be sustained upon examination by taxing authorities.
New accounting standards	New accounting standards Recently issued accounting pronouncements not yet adopted In November 2023, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issued Accounting Standards Update (ASU) No. 2023-07, Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures (Topic 280). This ASU updates reportable segment disclosure requirements by requiring disclosures of significant reportable segment expenses that are regularly provided to the Chief Operating Decision Maker (CODM) and included within each reported measure of a segment's profit or loss. This ASU also requires disclosure of the title and position of the individual identified as the CODM and an explanation of how the CODM uses the reported measures of a segment’s profit or loss in assessing segment performance and deciding how to allocate resources. The ASU is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2023, and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024. Adoption of the ASU should be applied retrospectively to all prior periods presented in the financial statements. Early adoption is also permitted. This ASU will likely result in the Company including the additional required disclosures when adopted. The Company is currently evaluating the provisions of this ASU and expects to adopt them for the year ending December 31, 2024. In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU No. 2023-09, Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures (Topic 740). The ASU requires disaggregated information about a reporting entity’s effective tax rate reconciliation as well as additional information on income taxes paid. The ASU is effective on a prospective basis for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2024. Early adoption is also permitted for annual financial statements that have not yet been issued or made available for issuance. This ASU will result in the required additional disclosures being included in the Consolidated Financial Statements, once adopted.

Revenue (Tables)

Revenue (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023
Revenue Recognition and Deferred Revenue [Abstract]
Disaggregation of Revenue	For the Year Ended December 31, 2023 in $ millions Americas Materials Solutions Americas Building Solutions Europe Materials Solutions Europe Building Solutions Total Principal activities and products Essential Materials 4,583 – 4,876 – 9,459 Road Solutions (i) 10,852 – 4,814 – 15,666 Building & Infrastructure Solutions (ii) – 2,524 – 2,174 4,698 Outdoor Living Solutions – 4,493 – 633 5,126 Total revenues 15,435 7,017 9,690 2,807 34,949 For the Year Ended December 31, 2022 in $ millions Americas Materials Solutions Americas Building Solutions Europe Materials Solutions Europe Building Solutions Total Principal activities and products Essential Materials 4,160 – 4,625 – 8,785 Road Solutions (i) 10,164 – 4,724 – 14,888 Building & Infrastructure Solutions (ii) – 2,379 – 2,252 4,631 Outdoor Living Solutions – 3,809 – 610 4,419 Total revenues 14,324 6,188 9,349 2,862 32,723 For the Year Ended December 31, 2021 in $ millions Americas Materials Solutions Americas Building Solutions Europe Materials Solutions Europe Building Solutions Total Principal activities and products Essential Materials 3,833 – 4,665 – 8,498 Road Solutions (i) 8,574 – 4,724 – 13,298 Building & Infrastructure Solutions (ii) – 1,464 – 2,145 3,609 Outdoor Living Solutions – 3,164 – 637 3,801 Total revenues 12,407 4,628 9,389 2,782 29,206 (i) Revenue from contracts with customers in the Road Solutions principal activities and products category that is recognized over time for the years ended December 31 were: in $ millions 2023 2022 2021 Americas Materials Solutions 6,146 5,791 4,662 Europe Materials Solutions 2,004 1,814 1,801 Total revenue from contracts with customers 8,150 7,605 6,463 (ii) Revenue from contracts with customers in the Building & Infrastructure Solutions principal activities and products category that is recognized over time for the years ended December 31 were: in $ millions 2023 2022 2021 Americas Building Solutions 70 78 81 Europe Building Solutions 573 521 475 Total revenue from contracts with customers 643 599 556
Revenue from External Customers by Geographic Areas	For the Year Ended December 31, 2023 in $ millions Americas Materials Solutions Americas Building Solutions Europe Materials Solutions Europe Building Solutions Total Primary geographic markets Republic of Ireland – – 916 – 916 United Kingdom – – 4,090 222 4,312 Rest of Europe (i) – – 4,230 2,256 6,486 United States 14,088 6,692 – 150 20,930 Rest of World (ii) 1,347 325 454 179 2,305 Total revenues 15,435 7,017 9,690 2,807 34,949 For the Year Ended December 31, 2022 in $ millions Americas Materials Solutions Americas Building Solutions Europe Materials Solutions Europe Building Solutions Total Primary geographic markets Republic of Ireland – – 801 – 801 United Kingdom – – 4,003 238 4,241 Rest of Europe (i) – 3 3,992 2,298 6,293 United States 13,050 5,860 – 178 19,088 Rest of World (ii) 1,274 325 553 148 2,300 Total revenues 14,324 6,188 9,349 2,862 32,723 For the Year Ended December 31, 2021 in $ millions Americas Materials Solutions Americas Building Solutions Europe Materials Solutions Europe Building Solutions Total Primary geographic markets Republic of Ireland – – 706 – 706 United Kingdom – – 3,979 220 4,199 Rest of Europe (i) – 4 4,051 2,261 6,316 United States 11,172 4,293 – 153 15,618 Rest of World (ii) 1,235 331 653 148 2,367 Total revenues 12,407 4,628 9,389 2,782 29,206 (i) The Rest of Europe principally includes Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Hungary, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Poland, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and Ukraine. (ii) The Rest of World principally includes Australia, Brazil, Canada and the Philippines.

Assets held for sale and disc_2

Assets held for sale and discontinued operations (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023
Discontinued Operations and Disposal Groups [Abstract]
Disposal Groups, Including Discontinued Operations	The major classes of assets and liabilities classified as held for sale at December 31, 2023 were: in $ millions 2023 Assets Cash and cash equivalents 49 Accounts receivable, net 70 Inventories 102 Property, plant and equipment, net 832 Goodwill 201 Operating lease right-of-use assets, net 6 Other assets 8 Assets held for sale 1,268 Liabilities Accounts payable 59 Accrued expenses 17 Deferred income tax liabilities 148 Operating lease liabilities 6 Other liabilities 145 Liabilities held for sale 375 The financial results for the Company’s discontinued operations for the years ended December 31 were: in $ millions 2022 2021 Total revenues 645 1,775 Operating income 89 239 Gain on divestiture before income taxes 1,471 - Income from discontinued operations before income tax expense 1,560 239 Income tax expense (370) (60) Income from discontinued operations, net of income tax expense 1,190 179 The cash flows from discontinued operations included in the accompanying Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the years ended December 31 were: in $ millions 2022 2021 Cash flows from discontinued operations Net cash (used in) provided by operating activities (i) (444) 208 Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities (ii) 3,446 (102) Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities 3 (2) (i) Includes the corporation tax paid on the sale of discontinued operations. (ii) Includes the proceeds from the divestiture of discontinued operations.

Acquisitions (Tables)

Acquisitions (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023
Business Combination and Asset Acquisition [Abstract]
Schedule of Identifiable Assets Acquired, Liabilities Assumed, and Consideration	The provisional amounts for assets acquired, liabilities assumed, and consideration related to the acquisitions at December 31, 2023 were: in $ millions Total Identifiable assets acquired and liabilities assumed Cash and cash equivalents 19 Accounts receivable, net 71 Inventories 65 Other current assets 8 Property, plant and equipment, net 252 Intangible assets, net 86 Operating lease right-of-use assets, net 35 Accounts payable 56 Accrued expenses 30 Operating lease liabilities 35 Long-term debt 104 Deferred income tax liabilities 30 Other liabilities 6 Total identifiable net assets at fair value 275 Goodwill 398 Total consideration 673 Consideration satisfied by: Cash payments 659 Deferred consideration (stated at net present cost) 8 Contingent consideration 6 Total consideration 673 Acquisitions of businesses, net of cash acquired Cash consideration 659 Less: cash and cash equivalents acquired (19) Total outflow in the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows 640 The identifiable assets acquired, liabilities assumed, and consideration related to the acquisitions at December 31, 2022 were: in $ millions Barrette Other acquisitions Total Identifiable assets acquired and liabilities assumed Cash and cash equivalents 8 14 22 Accounts receivable, net 128 49 177 Inventories 247 128 375 Other current assets 40 10 50 Property, plant and equipment, net 266 539 805 Equity method investments – 28 28 Intangible assets, net 809 178 987 Operating lease right-of-use assets, net 43 59 102 Accounts payable 26 20 46 Accrued expenses 121 27 148 Operating lease liabilities 43 59 102 Long-term debt – 8 8 Deferred income tax liabilities 192 55 247 Other liabilities 22 4 26 Total identifiable net assets at fair value 1,137 832 1,969 Goodwill 774 546 1,320 Total consideration 1,911 1,378 3,289 Consideration satisfied by: Cash payments 1,911 1,364 3,275 Deferred consideration (stated at net present cost) – 10 10 Contingent consideration – 4 4 Total consideration 1,911 1,378 3,289 Acquisitions of businesses, net of cash acquired Cash consideration 1,911 1,364 3,275 Less: cash and cash equivalents acquired (8) (14) (22) Total outflow in the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows 1,903 1,350 3,253 The identifiable assets acquired, liabilities assumed, and consideration related to the acquisitions at December 31, 2021 were: in $ millions Total Identifiable assets acquired and liabilities assumed Cash and cash equivalents 7 Accounts receivable, net 173 Inventories 157 Other current assets 18 Property, plant and equipment, net 526 Intangible assets, net 131 Operating lease right-of-use assets, net 83 Accounts payable 94 Accrued expenses 49 Operating lease liabilities 83 Long-term debt 3 Deferred income tax liabilities 37 Other liabilities 6 Total identifiable net assets at fair value 823 Goodwill 679 Total consideration 1,502 Consideration satisfied by: Cash payments 1,501 Contingent consideration 1 Total consideration 1,502 Acquisitions of businesses, net of cash acquired Cash consideration 1,501 Less: cash and cash equivalents acquired (7) Total outflow in the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows 1,494
Schedule of Acquisition-Related Costs	The Company incurred the following acquisition-related costs for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022, and 2021: in $ millions 2023 2022 2021 Acquisition-related costs Barrette – 27 – Other acquisitions 10 12 13 Total acquisition-related costs 10 39 13
Financial Information Regarding Acquisitions	The financial information regarding the acquisitions included in the Company’s Consolidated Statements of Income from the date of acquisition through December 31 were: Actual from acquisition date in $ millions 2023 2022 2021 Revenue 228 761 524 Net (loss) income attributable to CRH plc (15) (18) 38

Accounts receivable, net (Table

Accounts receivable, net (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023
Receivables [Abstract]
Summary of accounts receivable	Accounts receivable, net at December 31 were: in $ millions 2023 2022 Trade receivables 3,574 3,435 Construction contract assets 716 606 Total accounts receivable 4,290 4,041 Less: allowance for credit losses (149) (125) Other current receivables 366 384 Total accounts receivable, net 4,507 4,300
Movement in credit loss allowance	The changes in the allowance for credit losses at December 31 were as follows: in $ millions 2023 2022 2021 At January 1 125 131 140 Charge-offs (18) (19) (14) Provision for credit losses 39 24 10 Foreign currency translation and other 3 (11) (5) At December 31 149 125 131

Inventories (Tables)

Inventories (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023
Inventory Disclosure [Abstract]
Schedule of Inventories	Inventories at December 31 were: in $ millions 2023 2022 Raw materials 1,865 1,988 Work-in-process 186 181 Finished goods 2,240 2,025 Total inventories 4,291 4,194

Property, plant and equipment_2

Property, plant and equipment, net (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023
Property, Plant and Equipment [Abstract]
Schedule of Property, plant and equipment	Property, plant and equipment, net at December 31 were: in $ millions 2023 2022 Mineral-bearing land 4,847 5,055 Land and buildings 5,991 5,851 Plant and machinery 20,468 19,605 Construction in progress 1,271 1,090 Finance lease right-of-use assets 187 128 Total property, plant and equipment 32,764 31,729 Less: accumulated depreciation, depletion, amortization and impairment (14,923) (13,961) Total property, plant and equipment, net 17,841 17,768

Intangible assets, net (Tables)

Intangible assets, net (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023
Intangible Assets, Net (Excluding Goodwill) [Abstract]
Schedule of Finite-Lived Intangible Assets	Intangible assets, net at December 31 were: 2023 2022 in $ millions Marketing-related Customer-related (i) Contract-based Total Marketing-related (ii) Customer-related (i) & (ii) Contract-based (ii) Total At December 31 Gross amount 310 1,260 101 1,671 286 1,202 92 1,580 Accumulated amortization (94) (482) (54) (630) (78) (369) (45) (492) Total intangible assets, net 216 778 47 1,041 208 833 47 1,088 (i) The customer-related intangible assets relate predominantly to non-contractual customer relationships. (ii) Marketing-related, customer-related and contract-based intangible assets of $174 million, $594 million and $41 million respectively arose on the acquisition of Barrette in July 2022. These primarily related to brand names, patents and non-contractual customer relationships.
Schedule of Future Amortization Expense	The estimated amortization for intangible assets for the five years subsequent to December 31, 2023 and thereafter is as follows: in $ millions 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029 and thereafter Amortization 127 112 74 61 52 615

Goodwill (Tables)

Goodwill (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023
Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]
Schedule of changes in the carrying amount of goodwill	The changes in the carrying amount of goodwill at December 31 were: in $ millions Americas Materials Solutions Americas Building Solutions Europe Materials Solutions Europe Building Solutions Total Carrying value, December 31, 2021 4,292 2,576 2,075 508 9,451 Acquisitions 147 1,120 15 38 1,320 Foreign currency translation adjustment (32) (12) (161) (34) (239) Divestitures – (1,167) (166) – (1,333) Carrying value, December 31, 2022 4,407 2,517 1,763 512 9,199 Acquisitions 34 240 38 86 398 Foreign currency translation adjustment 8 (5) 57 29 89 Impairment charge for the year (32) – (295) – (327) Reclassified as held for sale – – (201) – (201) Carrying value, December 31, 2023 4,417 2,752 1,362 627 9,158

Additional financial informat_2

Additional financial information (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023
Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]
Schedule of Other Current Assets	Other current assets at December 31 were: in $ millions 2023 2022 Prepayments 285 269 Other 193 134 Total other current assets 478 403
Schedule of Accrued Expenses	Accrued expenses at December 31 were: in $ millions 2023 2022 Accrued payroll and employee benefits 1,066 956 Other accruals 1,230 1,176 Total accrued expenses 2,296 2,132
Schedule of Other Current Liabilities	Other current liabilities at December 31 were: in $ millions 2023 2022 Dividends payable 750 – Construction contract liabilities 439 344 Insurance liability 171 194 Income tax payable 129 142 Other 583 570 Total other current liabilities 2,072 1,250
Schedule of Other Noncurrent Liabilities	Other noncurrent liabilities at December 31 were: in $ millions 2023 2022 Income tax payable 712 605 Asset retirement obligations 310 329 Pension liability 254 272 Insurance liability 260 265 Other 660 737 Total other noncurrent liabilities 2,196 2,208

Debt (Tables)

Debt (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023
Debt Disclosure [Abstract]
Schedule of Debt	Long-term debt at December 31 was: in $ millions Effective interest rate 2023 2022 Long-term debt (U.S. dollar denominated unless otherwise noted) 3.125% € notes due 2023 3.23 % – 801 0.875% € notes due 2023 0.92 % – 534 1.875% € notes due 2024 2.02 % 663 640 3.875% U.S. Dollar notes due 2025 3.93 % 1,250 1,250 1.250% € notes due 2026 1.25 % 829 801 3.400% U.S. Dollar notes due 2027 3.49 % 600 600 4.000% € notes due 2027 4.13 % 553 – 3.950% U.S. Dollar notes due 2028 4.07 % 900 900 1.375% € notes due 2028 1.42 % 663 640 4.125% Sterling notes due 2029 4.22 % 509 481 1.625% € notes due 2030 1.72 % 829 801 4.000% € notes due 2031 4.10 % 829 – 6.400% U.S. Dollar notes due 2033 (i) 6.43 % 213 213 4.250% € notes due 2035 4.38 % 829 – 5.125% U.S. Dollar notes due 2045 5.25 % 500 500 4.400% U.S. Dollar notes due 2047 4.44 % 400 400 4.500% U.S. Dollar notes due 2048 4.63 % 600 600 PHP interest bearing loan due 2027 5.95 % 396 420 U.S. Dollar Commercial Paper 5.85 % 1,002 – Other 37 11 Unamortized discounts and debt issuance costs (67) (50) Total long-term debt (ii) 11,535 9,542 Less: current portion of long-term debt (iii) (1,759) (1,397) Long-term debt 9,776 8,145 (i) The $300 million bond was issued in September 2003, and at the time of issuance the bond was partially swapped to floating interest rates. In August 2009 and December 2010, $87 million of the issued notes were acquired by CRH plc as part of liability management exercises undertaken and the interest rate hedge was closed out. The remaining fair value hedge adjustment on the hedged item on the Consolidated Balance Sheets was $30 million and $33 million at December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. (ii) Of the Company’s nominal fixed rate debt at December 31, 2023, $1,375 million is hedged to daily compounded Secured Overnight Financing Rate (SOFR) using interest rate swaps. Of the Company’s nominal fixed rate debt at December 31, 2022, $1,775 million was hedged to a mix of U.S. Dollar LIBOR and EURIBOR floating rates using interest rate swaps. (iii) Excludes borrowings from bank overdrafts of $107 million and $94 million, which are recorded within Current portion of long-term debt in the Consolidated Balance Sheets at December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively.
Schedule of Maturities of Long-Term Debt	The long-term debt maturities, net of the unamortized discounts and debt issuance costs, for the periods subsequent to December 31, 2023 are as follows: in $ millions 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029 and thereafter Total Long-term debt maturities 1,759 1,219 824 1,436 1,537 4,760 11,535

Leases (Tables)

Leases (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023
Leases [Abstract]
Schedule of Lease Liabilities	Lease liabilities at December 31 were: in $ millions 2023 2022 Current: Operating lease liabilities 255 238 Finance lease liabilities 31 22 Noncurrent: Operating lease liabilities 1,125 1,000 Finance lease liabilities 86 59 Total lease liabilities 1,497 1,319
Finance Lease, Liability, to be Paid, Maturity	The maturity analysis for the discounted and undiscounted lease liability arising from the Company’s leasing activities at December 31, 2023 was: in $ millions Operating leases Finance leases 2024 261 31 2025 221 27 2026 180 23 2027 144 15 2028 122 10 Thereafter 810 57 Total minimum lease payments 1,738 163 Less: lease payments representing interest (358) (46) Present value of future minimum lease payments 1,380 117 Less: current portion of lease liabilities (255) (31) Noncurrent portion of lease liabilities 1,125 86
Lessee, Operating Lease, Liability, to be Paid, Maturity	The maturity analysis for the discounted and undiscounted lease liability arising from the Company’s leasing activities at December 31, 2023 was: in $ millions Operating leases Finance leases 2024 261 31 2025 221 27 2026 180 23 2027 144 15 2028 122 10 Thereafter 810 57 Total minimum lease payments 1,738 163 Less: lease payments representing interest (358) (46) Present value of future minimum lease payments 1,380 117 Less: current portion of lease liabilities (255) (31) Noncurrent portion of lease liabilities 1,125 86
Schedule Of Lease Costs And Disclosure In Income Statement	The components of lease expense for the years ended December 31 were : in $ millions 2023 2022 2021 Finance leases Amortization of right-of-use-assets 19 20 22 Interest on lease liabilities 3 3 3 Operating leases 293 255 265 Short-term leases 329 273 239 Variable leases 85 94 97 Total lease expense (i) 729 645 626 (i) Income from subleasing transactions were not material for the Company. The weighted average remaining lease term and discount rates at December 31 were: 2023 2022 Weighted average remaining lease term (years) Operating leases 12 12 Finance leases 13 15 Weighted average discount rate (%) Operating leases 3.63 % 3.44 % Finance leases 4.07 % 3.85 % The supplemental cash flow information for the years ended December 31 were: in $ millions 2023 2022 2021 Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities Operating cash flows from operating leases (276) (269) (299) Financing cash flows from finance leases (26) (28) (29) Non cash investing and financing activities Leased assets obtained in exchange for new operating lease liabilities 232 130 180 Leased assets obtained in exchange for new finance lease liabilities 51 24 30

Asset retirement obligations (T

Asset retirement obligations (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023
Asset Retirement Obligation Disclosure [Abstract]
Schedule of Asset Retirement Obligations	ARO costs related to accretion of the Company’s liabilities and the depreciation of the related assets for the years ended December 31 were: in $ millions 2023 2022 2021 Accretion 12 11 12 Depreciation 27 46 42 Total costs 39 57 54

Income taxes (Tables)

Income taxes (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]
Schedule of Income before Income Tax, Domestic and Foreign	The summary of the Income from continuing operations before income tax expense for the years ended December 31 was: in $ millions 2023 2022 2021 Income U.S. 2,729 2,225 1,596 Non-U.S. 1,285 1,236 1,506 Total income 4,014 3,461 3,102
Schedule of Components of Income Tax Expense (Benefit)	The summary of the Income tax expense from continuing operations for the years ended December 31 was: in $ millions 2023 2022 2021 Current tax: U.S. - Federal 632 443 304 U.S. - State 67 87 47 Non-U.S. 290 221 205 Total current tax expense 989 751 556 Deferred tax: U.S. - Federal (28) 11 54 U.S. - State (12) (6) 11 Non-U.S. (24) 6 29 Total deferred tax (benefit) expense (64) 11 94 Total income tax expense 925 762 650
Schedule of Effective Income Tax Rate Reconciliation	While the Company is domiciled in Ireland, due to the percentage of global operations subject to tax in the United States, the Company uses the U.S. Federal statutory tax rate in the reconciliation of the effective income tax rate. The reconciliation of the applicable U.S. Federal income tax rate to the effective income tax rates was: in $ millions 2023 2022 2021 U.S. statutory rate 843 727 651 State tax, net of federal tax benefit 38 73 61 Tax rate differentials (11) (6) 4 Uncertain tax positions 87 60 75 Tax credits (125) (96) (107) Non-deductible goodwill impairment 75 – – Other 18 4 (34) Total tax expense 925 762 650 Effective income tax rate 23 % 22 % 21 %
Schedule of Deferred Tax Assets and Liabilities	The significant components of the deferred tax assets and liabilities at December 31 were: in $ millions 2023 2022 Deferred tax assets: Company retirement benefit plans 38 26 Revaluation of derivative financial instruments to fair value 2 – Tax losses, credits and interest deduction carryforwards 1,052 855 Share-based compensation 41 31 Accrued expenses 420 350 Lease liabilities 292 263 Total deferred tax assets 1,845 1,525 Less: valuation allowances (914) (737) Total deferred tax assets after valuation allowances 931 788 Deferred tax liabilities: Investment in subsidiaries 155 159 Depreciation, depletion and amortization 3,109 3,165 Leased right-of-use assets 274 250 Rolled-over capital gains 21 20 Other 12 – Total deferred tax liabilities 3,571 3,594 Total net deferred tax liabilities 2,640 2,806 The net deferred tax assets and liabilities that are included in the Consolidated Balance Sheets at December 31 were: in $ millions 2023 2022 Deferred income taxes, noncurrent assets (98) (79) Deferred income taxes, noncurrent liabilities 2,738 2,885 Total net deferred tax liabilities 2,640 2,806
Summary of Valuation Allowance	The summary of the change in valuation allowance at December 31 was: in $ millions 2023 2022 2021 Balance at January 1 737 578 507 Provision for income taxes 151 203 102 Foreign currency and other 26 (44) (31) Balance at December 31 914 737 578
Schedule of Unrecognized Tax Benefits Roll Forward	The reconciliation of the changes in the unrecognized tax benefits at December 31 was: in $ millions 2023 2022 2021 Balance at January 1 576 547 536 Increases related to prior periods 9 4 2 Decreases related to prior periods (12) (8) (21) Increases related to current period 148 130 104 Decreases related to settlements with taxing authorities and lapse of statute of limitations (68) (67) (56) Foreign currency and other 12 (30) (18) Balance at December 31 665 576 547

Earnings per share (EPS) (Table

Earnings per share (EPS) (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023
Earnings Per Share [Abstract]
Schedule of Basic and Diluted Earnings per Share	The calculation of basic and diluted earnings per share for the years ended December 31 were: in $ millions, except share and per share data 2023 2022 2021 Numerator Income from continuing operations 3,072 2,699 2,507 Net (income) attributable to redeemable noncontrolling interests (28) (27) (22) Net loss (income) attributable to noncontrolling interests 134 – (34) Adjustment of redeemable noncontrolling interests to redemption value (24) 40 (18) Income from continuing operations for EPS - basic and diluted 3,154 2,712 2,433 Income from discontinued operations, net of income tax expense – 1,190 179 Net income attributable to CRH plc for EPS - basic and diluted 3,154 3,902 2,612 Denominator Weighted average common shares outstanding – Basic (i) 723.9 758.3 780.2 Effect of dilutive employee share awards (ii) 5.3 5.8 6.6 Weighted average common shares outstanding – Diluted 729.2 764.1 786.8 Basic earnings per share attributable to CRH plc Continuing operations $4.36 $3.58 $3.12 Discontinued operations – $1.57 $0.23 Net income $4.36 $5.15 $3.35 Diluted earnings per share attributable to CRH plc Continuing operations $4.33 $3.55 $3.09 Discontinued operations – $1.56 $0.23 Net income $4.33 $5.11 $3.32 (i) The weighted average number of common shares included in the computation of basic and diluted earnings per share has been adjusted to exclude shares repurchased and held by the Company as Treasury Stock given that these shares do not rank for dividend. (ii) Common shares that would only be issued contingent on certain conditions totaling 4,677,404, 4,209,404 and 3,630,633 at December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, respectively, are excluded from the computation of diluted earnings per share where the conditions governing exercisability have not been satisfied as of the end of the reporting period or they are antidilutive for the periods presented.

Share-based compensation (Table

Share-based compensation (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023
Share-Based Payment Arrangement [Abstract]
Schedule of Share-based Compensation Expense	The share-based compensation for these plans for the years ended December 31 was: in $ millions 2023 2022 2021 Performance Share Plan expense 120 97 106 Share Option expense 3 3 2 Total share-based compensation 123 100 108
Schedule of Details of Awards Granted Under Performance Share Plan	The details of the awards granted under the PSP for the year ended December 31, 2023 were: Number of shares Weighted average grant date fair value Shares in whole numbers Amounts in $ Amounts in € Outstanding at beginning of year 10,178,940 36.25 32.52 Granted 2,979,818 48.55 45.57 Forfeited (356,840) 37.45 33.97 Vested (2,985,299) 30.95 27.70 Outstanding at end of year 9,816,619 41.56 37.90
Schedule of Valuation Assumptions	The fair value assigned to the portion of awards subject to a TSR performance metric was calculated using the Monte Carlo simulation model, at the grant date, taking account of peer group TSR, volatilities and correlations together with the following assumptions: 2023 2022 2021 Risk-free interest rate (%) 3.16 0.51 (0.56) Expected volatility (%) 28.9 36.9 35.1
Schedule of Valuation Assumptions	The assumptions used to determine the fair value of the options issued under the Share Options Schemes with three-year and five-year savings periods at December 31 were: 2022 2021 3-year 5-year 3-year 5-year Risk-free interest rate (%) 2.08 2.24 (0.61) (0.43) Expected dividend payments over the expected life (€) 4.06 7.05 3.25 5.65 Expected volatility (%) 26.4 24.2 23.5 21.2 Expected life term (years) 3 5 3 5

Accumulated other comprehensi_2

Accumulated other comprehensive loss (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023
Equity [Abstract]
Schedule of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)	The changes in the balances for each component of Accumulated other comprehensive loss, net of tax, for the years ended December 31 were: in $ millions Currency Translation Cash Flow Pension and Other Postretirement Plans Total Balance at December 31, 2020 205 (1) (548) (344) Other comprehensive (loss) income before reclassifications (338) 48 203 (87) Amounts reclassified from Accumulated other comprehensive loss (i) (29) (29) 29 (29) Net current-period other comprehensive (loss) income (367) 19 232 (116) Other comprehensive loss attributable to noncontrolling interests 35 – – 35 Balance at December 31, 2021 (127) 18 (316) (425) Other comprehensive (loss) income before reclassifications (664) 23 288 (353) Amounts reclassified from Accumulated other comprehensive loss (i) (1) (60) 6 (55) Net current-period other comprehensive (loss) income (665) (37) 294 (408) Other comprehensive loss attributable to noncontrolling interests 46 – – 46 Balance at December 31, 2022 (746) (19) (22) (787) Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications 310 (37) (104) 169 Amounts reclassified from Accumulated other comprehensive loss – 9 (4) 5 Net current-period other comprehensive income (loss) 310 (28) (108) 174 Other comprehensive (income) attributable to noncontrolling interests (3) – – (3) Balance at December 31, 2023 (439) (47) (130) (616) (i) For the year ended December 31, 2022, $4 million and $(5) million were transferred from currency translation related to gains and (losses) on divestitures that were reclassified from Accumulated other comprehensive loss to Other nonoperating (expense) income, net and Income from discontinued operations, net of income tax expense, respectively. For the year ended December 31, 2021 amounts transferred from currency translation related to losses on divestitures were reclassified from Accumulated other comprehensive loss to Other nonoperating (expense) income, net.
Reclassification out of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income	The amounts reclassified from Accumulated other comprehensive loss to income for the years ended December 31 were: in $ millions 2023 2022 2021 Cash flow hedges Cost of product revenues 12 (73) (29) Income tax (benefit) expense (3) 13 – Total 9 (60) (29) Pension and other postretirement plans Other nonoperating (income) expense, net (7) 8 36 Income tax expense (benefit) 3 (2) (7) Total (4) 6 29 Reclassifications from Accumulated other comprehensive loss to income 5 (54) –

Segment information (Tables)

Segment information (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023
Segment Reporting [Abstract]
Summary of Operating Segments Disclosures	The key performance measures for the Company’s reportable segments for the years ended December 31 were: Revenues Adjusted EBITDA in $ millions 2023 2022 2021 2023 2022 2021 Americas Materials Solutions 15,435 14,324 12,407 3,059 2,638 2,543 Americas Building Solutions 7,017 6,188 4,628 1,442 1,219 720 Europe Materials Solutions 9,690 9,349 9,389 1,395 1,195 1,228 Europe Building Solutions 2,807 2,862 2,782 280 336 315 Total revenues and Adjusted EBITDA 34,949 32,723 29,206 6,176 5,388 4,806 in $ millions 2023 2022 2021 Adjusted EBITDA 6,176 5,388 4,806 Depreciation, depletion and amortization (1,633) (1,552) (1,479) Loss on impairments (i) (357) – – Interest income 206 65 – Interest expense (376) (344) (315) (Loss) gain on divestitures (ii) – (99) 78 Pension income excluding current service cost component (ii) 3 30 9 Other interest, net (ii) (5) – 3 Substantial acquisition-related costs – (27) – Income from continuing operations before income tax expense and income from equity method investments 4,014 3,461 3,102 (i) For the year ended December 31, 2023, the total loss on impairments comprised of $62 million within Americas Materials Solutions and $295 million within Europe Materials Solutions. (ii) (Loss) gain on divestitures, pension income excluding current service cost component and other interest, net have been included in Other nonoperating (expense) income, net Depreciation, depletion and amortization for each of the segments for the years ended December 31 were: in $ millions 2023 2022 2021 Depreciation, depletion and amortization Americas Materials Solutions 781 777 750 Americas Building Solutions 299 236 155 Europe Materials Solutions 464 466 490 Europe Building Solutions 89 73 84 Total depreciation, depletion and amortization 1,633 1,552 1,479 There was no (loss) gain on divestitures for the year ended December 31, 2023. The (loss) gain on divestitures for each of the segments for the years ended December 31 were: in $ millions 2022 2021 (Loss) gain on divestitures Americas Materials Solutions – 104 Americas Building Solutions – (25) Europe Materials Solutions (99) 3 Europe Building Solutions – (4) Total (loss) gain on divestitures (99) 78 The segment assets at December 31 were: in $ millions 2023 2022 Assets Americas Materials Solutions 17,534 17,615 Americas Building Solutions 7,961 7,749 Europe Materials Solutions 10,983 10,947 Europe Building Solutions 2,390 2,193 Total assets for reportable segments 38,868 38,504 Cash and cash equivalents 6,341 5,936 Other current assets, excluding segment assets 193 134 Equity method investments 620 649 Assets held for sale 1,268 – Other noncurrent assets, excluding segment assets 179 96 Total assets as reported in the Consolidated Balance Sheets 47,469 45,319 The segment liabilities at December 31 were: in $ millions 2023 2022 Liabilities Americas Materials Solutions 3,349 2,908 Americas Building Solutions 1,770 1,567 Europe Materials Solutions 4,096 3,522 Europe Building Solutions 954 886 Total liabilities for reportable segments 10,169 8,883 Other current liabilities, excluding segment liabilities 156 193 Total debt 11,642 9,636 Deferred income tax liabilities 2,738 2,885 Liabilities held for sale 375 – Other noncurrent liabilities, excluding segment liabilities 768 682 Total liabilities as reported in the Consolidated Balance Sheets 25,848 22,279 Additions to property, plant and equipment for each of the segments for the years ended December 31 were: in $ millions 2023 2022 2021 Property, plant and equipment additions (i) Americas Materials Solutions 854 715 727 Americas Building Solutions 360 259 206 Europe Materials Solutions 553 460 510 Europe Building Solutions 111 99 97 Total property, plant and equipment additions 1,878 1,533 1,540 (i) Property, plant and equipment additions exclude asset retirement cost additions.
Long-Lived Assets by Geographic Areas	Long-lived assets by geographic area at December 31 were: in $ millions 2023 2022 Long-lived assets by geographical area (i) Republic of Ireland 421 487 United Kingdom 1,786 1,691 United States 10,821 10,916 Other 6,105 5,849 Total long-lived assets by geographical area 19,133 18,943 (i) Long-lived assets comprise property, plant and equipment and operating lease right-of-use assets.

Pension and other postretirem_2

Pension and other postretirement benefits (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023
Retirement Benefits [Abstract]
Changes in Projected Benefit Obligations, Fair Value of Plan Assets, and Funded Status of Plan	The change in benefit obligation, change in plan assets, funded status of pension and other postretirement (OPEB) plans, and amounts recognized in the Consolidated Balance Sheets were: Pension Plans OPEB Plans (i) 2023 2022 2023 2022 in $ millions U.S. Non-U.S. U.S. Non-U.S. Change in benefit obligation: Benefit obligation at beginning of year 497 2,105 677 3,136 100 129 Service cost 1 31 2 55 2 3 Interest cost 24 86 18 43 5 3 Amendments – (1) 2 (2) – – Actuarial losses and (gains) 9 178 (153) (831) 3 (32) Benefits paid (35) (89) (35) (101) (5) (5) Plan participant contributions – 9 – 9 – – Settlements – (4) – (6) – – Net transfer out (including the effect of any business combinations/divestitures) – – (14) (11) – – Foreign currency rate changes – 99 – (187) – 2 Benefit obligation at end of year 496 2,414 497 2,105 105 100 Change in plan assets Fair value of plan assets at beginning of year 446 2,316 601 3,015 – – Actual gain (loss) on plan assets 37 143 (122) (467) – – Employer contributions 1 38 2 36 5 5 Plan participant contributions – 9 – 9 – – Benefits paid (35) (89) (35) (101) (5) (5) Settlements – (4) – (6) – – Foreign currency rate changes – 111 – (170) – – Fair value of plan assets at end of year 449 2,524 446 2,316 – – Reconciliation of funded status: Fair value of plan assets 449 2,524 446 2,316 – – Benefit obligation 496 2,414 497 2,105 105 100 Funded status (47) 110 (51) 211 (105) (100) Accumulated Benefit Obligation 496 2,349 497 2,074 Amounts recognized in the Consolidated Balance Sheets: Noncurrent assets – 271 – 347 – – Current liabilities (2) (4) (2) (7) (6) (6) Noncurrent liabilities (45) (111) (49) (129) (98) (94) Liabilities held for sale – (46) – – (1) – Funded status at end of year (47) 110 (51) 211 (105) (100) Net actuarial (loss) gain (68) (225) (79) (97) 35 40 Prior service (cost) credit (1) 92 (1) 95 3 3 Total accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income (69) (133) (80) (2) 38 43 (i) Includes a benefit obligation of $11 million and $11 million related to non-U.S. OPEB plans at December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively.
Schedule of Pension Plans where Accumulated Benefit Obligation (“ABO”) Projected Benefit Obligation (“PBO”) Exceeds the Fair Value of Respective Plan Assets	The pension and other postretirement plans for which their accumulated benefit obligation, projected benefit obligation or accumulated postretirement benefit obligation exceeds the fair value of their respective plan assets at December 31 were: U.S. Plans Non-U.S. Plans in $ millions 2023 2022 2023 2022 Pension plans with projected benefit obligations in excess of plan assets: Projected benefit obligation 496 497 580 512 Fair value of plan assets 449 446 421 378 Pension plans with accumulated benefit obligations in excess of plan assets: Accumulated benefit obligation 496 497 527 503 Fair value of plan assets 449 446 394 374 Other postretirement plans with accumulated postretirement benefit obligations in excess of plan assets: Accumulated postretirement benefit obligation – – 9 8 Fair value of plan assets – – – –
Schedule of Net Benefit Costs	The total retirement benefit expense recognized in the Consolidated Statements of Income for the years ended December 31 were: in $ millions 2023 2022 2021 Total defined contribution expense 320 307 288 Total defined benefit expense 31 30 61 Total expense within the Consolidated Statements of Income 351 337 349 The components of net periodic benefit cost (income) recognized in the Consolidated Statements of Income for the years ended December 31 were: Pension Plans OPEB Plans (ii) U.S. Non-U.S. in $ millions 2023 2022 2021 2023 2022 2021 2023 2022 2021 Service cost 1 2 3 31 55 63 2 3 4 Interest cost 24 18 19 86 43 40 5 3 4 Expected return on assets (20) (30) (37) (91) (72) (71) – - – Amortization of: Prior service cost (credit) – 1 – (11) (11) (11) – – (1) Actuarial loss (gain) 3 2 4 4 15 26 (3) – – Curtailment loss (gain) – 3 – – – – (1) – – Settlement loss (gain) – – 17 1 (2) 1 – – – Net periodic benefit cost (income) (i) 8 (4) 6 20 28 48 3 6 7 (i) Service cost is included within Cost of revenues and Selling, general and administrative expenses while all other cost components are recorded within Other nonoperating (expense) income, net. (ii) Includes the net periodic benefit cost of $nil million, $1 million and $1 million related to non-U.S. OPEB plans for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022, and 2021 respectively. The changes in plan assets and benefit obligations that were recognized in Other comprehensive (income) loss for the years ended December 31 were: Pension Plans OPEB Plans U.S. Non-U.S. (i) in $ millions 2023 2022 2021 2023 2022 2021 2023 2022 2021 Net actuarial (gain) loss (8) (1) (7) 126 (292) (181) 3 (32) (19) Prior service cost (credit) – 2 1 (1) (2) (1) – – (1) Amortization or curtailment recognition of prior service (cost) credit – (4) – 11 11 11 – – 1 Amortization or settlement recognition of net (loss) gain (3) (2) (21) (4) (13) (27) 3 – – Foreign currency exchange effects – – – (2) (27) (29) – – – Amount recognized in other comprehensive (income) loss (i) (11) (5) (27) 130 (323) (227) 6 (32) (19) Amount recognized in net periodic pension benefit cost (income) and other comprehensive (income) loss (3) (9) (21) 150 (295) (179) 9 (26) (12)
Schedule of Weighted Average Assumptions	The weighted average assumptions used to determine net periodic benefit cost (income) for the years ended December 31 were: Pension Plans OPEB Plans U.S. Non-U.S. 2023 2022 2021 2023 2022 2021 2023 2022 2021 Discount rate 5.20 % 2.70 % 2.25 % 4.13 % 1.54 % 1.23 % 5.08 % 2.59 % 2.18 % Rate of compensation increase N/A 3.50 % 3.50 % 3.22 % 2.74 % 2.39 % 2.80 % 2.22 % 2.37 % Expected long‐term rate of return on plan assets 5.50 % 5.50 % 5.50 % 4.04 % 2.54 % 2.51 % N/A N/A N/A Interest crediting rates N/A N/A N/A 1.50 % 2.25 % 1.25 % N/A N/A N/A The weighted average assumptions used to determine the benefit obligation at December 31 were: Pension Plans OPEB Plans U.S. Non-U.S. 2023 2022 2023 2022 2023 2022 Discount rate 4.95 % 5.20 % 3.49 % 4.13 % 4.86 % 5.08 % Rate of compensation increase N/A N/A 3.22 % 3.22 % 2.75 % 2.80 %
Schedule of Allocation of Plan Assets	The target allocation ranges and fair values by asset class at December 31 were: Pension Plans Target allocation ranges U.S. Plans Non-U.S. Plans 2023 (%) Cash and cash equivalents – 0-5 Equity instruments (i) 10-30 15-25 Debt instruments (ii) 65-85 20-35 Real estate – 5-10 Derivatives – 0-5 Investment funds 0-15 0-5 Assets held by insurance company – 0-5 Other – 0-10 (i) For U.S. pension plans, equity instruments with a total allocation range of 10-30% are made up of 10-30% in developed markets’ diversified equity instruments and 10-30% in emerging markets’ diversified equity instruments. For non-U.S. pension plans, equity instruments with a total allocation range of 15-25% are made up of 15-22% in developed markets’ diversified equity instruments and 1-2% in emerging markets’ diversified equity instruments. (ii) For U.S. pension plans, debt instruments with a total allocation range of 65-85% are made up of 65-85% in non-government debt instruments and 65-85% in government fixed interest instruments. For non-U.S. pension plans, debt instruments with a total allocation range of 20-35% are made up of 11-18% in non-government debt instruments, 17-32% in government fixed interest instruments, 31-40% in government inflation-protected bonds, 4-10% in asset-backed instruments, 4-10% in inflation-protected bonds and 4-10% in structured debt. The Company’s asset allocations by asset category at December 31 were: Pension Plans Fair Values 2023 U.S. Plans Non-U.S. Plans in $ millions Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Total Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Total Cash and cash equivalents 3 – – 3 50 15 – 65 Equity instruments (i) – 90 – 90 462 56 – 518 Debt instruments (ii) – 341 – 341 1,310 179 – 1,489 Real estate – – – – 97 82 14 193 Derivatives – – – – 12 2 – 14 Investment funds 11 – – 11 85 13 – 98 Assets held by insurance company – – – – – 2 117 119 Other – – 4 4 1 19 8 28 Total 14 431 4 449 2,017 368 139 2,524 (i) For U.S. pension plans, equity instruments of $90 million are made up of $79 million in developed markets’ diversified equity instruments and $11 million in emerging markets’ diversified equity instruments. For non-U.S. pension plans, equity instruments of $518 million are made up of $486 million in developed markets’ diversified equity instruments and $32 million in emerging markets’ diversified equity instruments. (ii) For U.S. pension plans, debt instruments of $341 million are made up of $233 million in non-government debt instruments and $108 million in government fixed interest instruments. For non-U.S. pension plans, debt instruments of $1,489 million are made up of $251 million in non-government debt instruments, $400 million in government fixed interest instruments, $763 million in government inflation-protected bonds, $34 million in asset-backed instruments and $41 million in inflation-protected bonds. Pension Plans Fair Values 2022 U.S. Plans Non-U.S. Plans in $ millions Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Total Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Total Cash and cash equivalents 4 – – 4 53 – – 53 Equity instruments (i) – 83 – 83 435 66 – 501 Debt instruments (ii) 3 314 – 317 1,288 36 – 1,324 Real estate – – – – 181 – 13 194 Derivatives – – – – 12 (5) – 7 Investment funds 23 – 11 34 77 11 – 88 Assets held by insurance company – – – – – 2 113 115 Other – – 8 8 28 – 6 34 Total 30 397 19 446 2,074 110 132 2,316 (i) For U.S. pension plans, equity instruments of $83 million are made up of $73 million in developed markets’ diversified equity instruments and $10 million in emerging markets’ diversified equity instruments. For non-U.S. pension plans, equity instruments of $501 million are made up of $470 million in developed markets’ diversified equity instruments and $31 million in emerging markets’ diversified equity instruments. (ii) For U.S. pension plans, debt instruments of $317 million are made up of $189 million in non-government debt instruments and $128 million in government fixed interest instruments. For non-U.S. pension plans, debt instruments of $1,324 million are made up of $197 million in non-government debt instruments, $437 million in government fixed interest instruments, $663 million in government inflation-protected bonds and $27 million in asset-backed instruments.
Schedule of Reconciliation for Pension Plans by Asset	The Level 3 reconciliation for pension plans by asset class for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022 were: U.S. Plans in $ millions Beginning balance on 1/1/2023 Actual return on plan assets, relating to assets still held at reporting date Purchases, sales and settlements Transfer (out of) Level 3 Change due to exchange rate changes Ending balance on 12/31/2023 Asset Class Investment funds 11 – – (11) – – Other 8 1 (1) (4) – 4 Total 19 1 (1) (15) – 4 Non-U.S. Plans in $ millions Beginning balance on 1/1/2023 Actual return on plan assets, relating to assets still held at reporting date Purchases, sales and settlements Transfer into/(out of) Level 3 Change due to exchange rate changes Ending balance on 12/31/2023 Asset Class Real estate 13 – - – 1 14 Assets held by insurance company 113 11 (10) – 3 117 Other 6 2 – – – 8 Total 132 13 (10) – 4 139 U.S. Plans in $ millions Beginning balance on 1/1/2022 Actual return on plan assets, relating to assets still held at reporting date Purchases, sales and settlements Change due to exchange rate changes Ending balance on 12/31/2022 Asset Class Investment funds 11 – – – 11 Other 9 – (1) – 8 Total 20 – (1) – 19 Non-U.S. Plans in $ millions Beginning balance on 1/1/2022 Actual return on plan assets, relating to assets still held at reporting date Purchases, sales and settlements Change due to exchange rate changes Ending balance on 12/31/2022 Asset Class Real estate 17 (2) – (2) 13 Assets held by insurance company 152 (31) – (8) 113 Other 5 2 – (1) 6 Total 174 (31) – (11) 132
Schedule of Health Care Cost Trend Rates	The assumed healthcare cost trend rates at December 31 were: 2023 2022 2021 Healthcare cost trend rate assumed for next year 6.85 % 1.76 % 5.91 % Rate to which the cost trend rate gradually declines 3.70 % 3.70 % 3.60 % Year the rate reaches the ultimate rate 2090 2090 2074
Schedule of Expected Benefit Payments	The following table presents the expected future benefit payments to be made over the next 10 years: Pension plans OPEB in $ millions U.S. Non-U.S. 2024 36 100 6 2025 37 104 6 2026 37 107 6 2027 37 111 6 2028 36 114 6 2029-2033 176 598 34

Variable Interest Entities (Tab

Variable Interest Entities (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023
Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]
Condensed Balance Sheet	The carrying amounts of assets and liabilities of the consolidated VIE, reported within the Consolidated Balance Sheets before intragroup eliminations with other CRH plc companies at December 31 were: in $ millions 2023 2022 Assets Current assets: Cash and cash equivalents 19 34 Accounts receivable, net 31 34 Inventories 99 149 Other current assets 51 48 Total current assets 200 265 Property, plant and equipment, net 923 954 Goodwill 200 495 Operating lease right-of-use assets, net 5 6 Other noncurrent assets 11 7 Total assets 1,339 1,727 Liabilities Current liabilities: Accounts payable 92 118 Accrued expenses 36 48 Current portion of long-term debt 98 72 Operating lease liabilities 1 1 Other current liabilities 25 28 Total current liabilities 252 267 Long-term debt 297 347 Deferred income tax liabilities 106 108 Noncurrent operating lease liabilities 5 5 Other noncurrent liabilities 17 15 Total liabilities 677 742
Condensed Income Statement	The operating results of the consolidated VIE, reported within the Consolidated Statements of Income and Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows before intragroup eliminations with other CRH plc companies for the years ended December 31 were: in $ millions 2023 2022 2021 Total revenues 446 544 616 Total cost of revenues (416) (479) (487) Gross profit 30 65 129 Net (loss) income (325) (24) 61 Net cash provided by operating activities 24 12 75

Redeemable noncontrolling int_2

Redeemable noncontrolling interest (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023
Noncontrolling Interest [Abstract]
Schedule of Noncontrolling Redeemable Equity Interest	The rollforward of Redeemable noncontrolling interests at December 31 was: in $ millions Balance at December 31, 2020 322 Net income attributable to redeemable noncontrolling interests 22 Adjustment to the redemption value 18 Dividends paid (26) Balance at December 31, 2021 336 Net income attributable to redeemable noncontrolling interests 27 Adjustment to the redemption value (40) Dividends paid (15) Balance at December 31, 2022 308 Net income attributable to redeemable noncontrolling interests 28 Adjustment to the redemption value 24 Dividends paid (27) Balance at December 31, 2023 333

Commitment and contingencies (T

Commitment and contingencies (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023
Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]
Contractual commitments	Contractual commitments at December 31, 2023 were: in $ millions Unconditional purchase obligations 2024 1,216 Thereafter 887 Total contractual commitments 2,103

Summary of significant accoun_3

Summary of significant accounting policies - Narrative (Details) $ in Millions	3 Months Ended	9 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2023 segment	Dec. 31, 2023 USD ($) segment	Dec. 31, 2023 USD ($) segment division	Dec. 31, 2022 USD ($)
Variable Interest Entity [Line Items]
Number of divisions | division			2
Number of reportable segments | segment	3	4	4
Restricted cash		$ 6	$ 6	$ 5
Designated as hedging instrument | Fair value hedging
Variable Interest Entity [Line Items]
Derivative, notional amount		1,375	1,375	1,775
Designated as hedging instrument | Cash flow hedging
Variable Interest Entity [Line Items]
Derivative, notional amount		550	550	683
Designated as hedging instrument | Net investment hedging
Variable Interest Entity [Line Items]
Derivative, notional amount		1,187	1,187	1,145
Not designated as hedging instrument
Variable Interest Entity [Line Items]
Derivative, notional amount		$ 338	$ 338	$ 280
Minimum | Customer-related
Variable Interest Entity [Line Items]
Finite-lived intangible asset, useful life		5 years	5 years
Minimum | Marketing-related
Variable Interest Entity [Line Items]
Finite-lived intangible asset, useful life		10 years	10 years
Maximum | Customer-related
Variable Interest Entity [Line Items]
Finite-lived intangible asset, useful life		20 years	20 years
Maximum | Marketing-related
Variable Interest Entity [Line Items]
Finite-lived intangible asset, useful life		30 years	30 years
Building
Variable Interest Entity [Line Items]
Property, plant and equipment, useful life		40 years	40 years
Plant and machinery | Minimum
Variable Interest Entity [Line Items]
Property, plant and equipment, useful life		5 years	5 years
Plant and machinery | Maximum
Variable Interest Entity [Line Items]
Property, plant and equipment, useful life		30 years	30 years

Revenue - Primary geographic ma

Revenue - Primary geographic markets (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenues	$ 34,949	$ 32,723	$ 29,206
Essential Materials
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenues	9,459	8,785	8,498
Road Solutions
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenues	15,666	14,888	13,298
Road Solutions | Recognized over time
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenues	8,150	7,605	6,463
Building and Infrastructure Solutions
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenues	4,698	4,631	3,609
Building and Infrastructure Solutions | Recognized over time
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenues	643	599	556
Outdoor Living Solutions
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenues	5,126	4,419	3,801
Americas Materials Solutions
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenues	15,435	14,324	12,407
Americas Materials Solutions | Essential Materials
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenues	4,583	4,160	3,833
Americas Materials Solutions | Road Solutions
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenues	10,852	10,164	8,574
Americas Materials Solutions | Road Solutions | Recognized over time
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenues	6,146	5,791	4,662
Americas Materials Solutions | Building and Infrastructure Solutions
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenues	0	0	0
Americas Materials Solutions | Outdoor Living Solutions
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenues	0	0	0
Americas Building Solutions
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenues	7,017	6,188	4,628
Americas Building Solutions | Essential Materials
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenues	0	0	0
Americas Building Solutions | Road Solutions
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenues	0	0	0
Americas Building Solutions | Building and Infrastructure Solutions
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenues	2,524	2,379	1,464
Americas Building Solutions | Building and Infrastructure Solutions | Recognized over time
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenues	70	78	81
Americas Building Solutions | Outdoor Living Solutions
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenues	4,493	3,809	3,164
Europe Materials Solutions
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenues	9,690	9,349	9,389
Europe Materials Solutions | Essential Materials
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenues	4,876	4,625	4,665
Europe Materials Solutions | Road Solutions
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenues	4,814	4,724	4,724
Europe Materials Solutions | Road Solutions | Recognized over time
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenues	2,004	1,814	1,801
Europe Materials Solutions | Building and Infrastructure Solutions
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenues	0	0	0
Europe Materials Solutions | Outdoor Living Solutions
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenues	0	0	0
Europe Building Solutions
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenues	2,807	2,862	2,782
Europe Building Solutions | Essential Materials
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenues	0	0	0
Europe Building Solutions | Road Solutions
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenues	0	0	0
Europe Building Solutions | Building and Infrastructure Solutions
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenues	2,174	2,252	2,145
Europe Building Solutions | Building and Infrastructure Solutions | Recognized over time
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenues	573	521	475
Europe Building Solutions | Outdoor Living Solutions
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenues	633	610	637
Republic of Ireland
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenues	916	801	706
Republic of Ireland | Americas Materials Solutions
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenues	0	0	0
Republic of Ireland | Americas Building Solutions
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenues	0	0	0
Republic of Ireland | Europe Materials Solutions
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenues	916	801	706
Republic of Ireland | Europe Building Solutions
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenues	0	0	0
United Kingdom
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenues	4,312	4,241	4,199
United Kingdom | Americas Materials Solutions
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenues	0	0	0
United Kingdom | Americas Building Solutions
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenues	0	0	0
United Kingdom | Europe Materials Solutions
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenues	4,090	4,003	3,979
United Kingdom | Europe Building Solutions
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenues	222	238	220
Rest of Europe
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenues	6,486	6,293	6,316
Rest of Europe | Americas Materials Solutions
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenues	0	0	0
Rest of Europe | Americas Building Solutions
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenues	0	3	4
Rest of Europe | Europe Materials Solutions
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenues	4,230	3,992	4,051
Rest of Europe | Europe Building Solutions
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenues	2,256	2,298	2,261
United States
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenues	20,930	19,088	15,618
United States | Americas Materials Solutions
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenues	14,088	13,050	11,172
United States | Americas Building Solutions
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenues	6,692	5,860	4,293
United States | Europe Materials Solutions
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenues	0	0	0
United States | Europe Building Solutions
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenues	150	178	153
Rest of World
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenues	2,305	2,300	2,367
Rest of World | Americas Materials Solutions
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenues	1,347	1,274	1,235
Rest of World | Americas Building Solutions
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenues	325	325	331
Rest of World | Europe Materials Solutions
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenues	454	553	653
Rest of World | Europe Building Solutions
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenues	$ 179	$ 148	$ 148

Revenue - Narrative (Details)

Revenue - Narrative (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction [Line Items]
Contract assets	$ 716	$ 606
Contract liabilities	439	344
Contract with customer, liability, revenue recognized	308	308
Unbilled receivables	471	402
Retentions held by customers	245	204
Remaining performance obligations	3,725
Revenues	34,949	32,723	$ 29,206
Equity method investments
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction [Line Items]
Revenues	$ 221	$ 237	$ 199

Assets held for sale and disc_3

Assets held for sale and discontinued operations - Narrative (Details) - Disposal group, held-for-sale, not discontinued operations - USD ($) $ in Millions	3 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Nov. 30, 2023
Lime operations
Income Statement, Balance Sheet and Additional Disclosures by Disposal Groups, Including Discontinued Operations [Line Items]
Consideration		$ 1,100
Canadian cement and materials
Income Statement, Balance Sheet and Additional Disclosures by Disposal Groups, Including Discontinued Operations [Line Items]
Loss (gain) on write-down	$ 30

Assets held for sale and disc_4

Assets held for sale and discontinued operations - Major classes of Assets and Liabilities (Details) - Disposal group, held-for-sale, not discontinued operations $ in Millions	Dec. 31, 2023 USD ($)
Assets
Cash and cash equivalents	$ 49
Accounts receivable, net	70
Inventories	102
Property, plant and equipment, net	832
Goodwill	201
Operating lease right-of-use assets, net	6
Other assets	8
Assets held for sale	1,268
Liabilities
Accounts payable	59
Accrued expenses	17
Deferred income tax liabilities	148
Operating lease liabilities	6
Other liabilities	145
Liabilities held for sale	$ 375

Assets held for sale and disc_5

Assets held for sale and discontinued operations - Results of discontinued operations (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Income Statement, Balance Sheet and Additional Disclosures by Disposal Groups, Including Discontinued Operations [Line Items]
Income from discontinued operations, net of income tax expense	$ 0	$ 1,190	$ 179
Discontinued Operations | Building Envelope Business
Income Statement, Balance Sheet and Additional Disclosures by Disposal Groups, Including Discontinued Operations [Line Items]
Total revenues		645	1,775
Operating income		89	239
Gain on divestiture before income taxes		1,471	0
Income from discontinued operations before income tax expense		1,560	239
Income tax expense		(370)	(60)
Income from discontinued operations, net of income tax expense		$ 1,190	$ 179

Assets held for sale and disc_6

Assets held for sale and discontinued operations - Cash flow information (Details) - Discontinued Operations - Building Envelope Business - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Income Statement, Balance Sheet and Additional Disclosures by Disposal Groups, Including Discontinued Operations [Line Items]
Net cash (used in) provided by operating activities	$ (444)	$ 208
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities	3,446	(102)
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities	$ 3	$ (2)

Acquisitions - Narrative (Detai

Acquisitions - Narrative (Details) $ in Millions		12 Months Ended
	Nov. 21, 2023 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2023 USD ($) acquisition	Dec. 31, 2022 USD ($) acquisition	Dec. 31, 2021 USD ($) acquisition	Jul. 08, 2022
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Acquisitions, net of cash acquired		$ 640	$ 3,253	$ 1,494
Goodwill		9,158	9,199	9,451
Goodwill expected tax deductible amount		$ 33	$ 1,289	$ 284
Intangible assets acquired, weighted average useful life		6 years	19 years	8 years
Martin Marietta, Inc.
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Asset acquisition, consideration transferred	$ 2,100
Barrette
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Acquisitions, net of cash acquired			$ 1,903
Intangible assets, net			809
Goodwill			$ 774
Business acquisition, percentage of voting interests acquired					100%
Other acquisitions
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Number of acquisitions | acquisition		22	28	20
Acquisitions, net of cash acquired		$ 640	$ 1,350	$ 1,494
Intangible assets, net		86	178	131
Goodwill		$ 398	546	$ 679
Total
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Acquisitions, net of cash acquired			3,253
Intangible assets, net			987
Goodwill			$ 1,320
Series of individually immaterial business acquisitions, continuing
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Number of acquisitions | acquisition				19

Acquisitions - Identifiable Ass

Acquisitions - Identifiable Assets Acquired, Liabilities Assumed, and Consideration (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Goodwill	$ 9,158	$ 9,199	$ 9,451
Acquisitions of businesses, net of cash acquired
Total outflow in the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows	640	3,253	1,494
Barrette
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Cash and cash equivalents		8
Accounts receivable, net		128
Inventories		247
Other current assets		40
Property, plant and equipment, net		266
Equity method investments		0
Intangible assets, net		809
Operating lease right-of-use assets, net		43
Accounts payable		26
Accrued expenses		121
Operating lease liabilities		43
Long-term debt		0
Deferred income tax liabilities		192
Other liabilities		22
Total identifiable net assets at fair value		1,137
Goodwill		774
Total consideration		1,911
Consideration satisfied by:
Cash payments		1,911
Deferred consideration (stated at net present cost)		0
Contingent consideration		0
Total consideration		1,911
Acquisitions of businesses, net of cash acquired
Cash consideration		1,911
Less: cash and cash equivalents acquired		(8)
Total outflow in the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows		1,903
Other acquisitions
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Cash and cash equivalents	19	14	7
Accounts receivable, net	71	49	173
Inventories	65	128	157
Other current assets	8	10	18
Property, plant and equipment, net	252	539	526
Equity method investments		28
Intangible assets, net	86	178	131
Operating lease right-of-use assets, net	35	59	83
Accounts payable	56	20	94
Accrued expenses	30	27	49
Operating lease liabilities	35	59	83
Long-term debt	104	8	3
Deferred income tax liabilities	30	55	37
Other liabilities	6	4	6
Total identifiable net assets at fair value	275	832	823
Goodwill	398	546	679
Total consideration	673	1,378	1,502
Consideration satisfied by:
Cash payments	659	1,364	1,501
Deferred consideration (stated at net present cost)	8	10
Contingent consideration	6	4	1
Total consideration	673	1,378	1,502
Acquisitions of businesses, net of cash acquired
Cash consideration	659	1,364	1,501
Less: cash and cash equivalents acquired	(19)	(14)	(7)
Total outflow in the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows	$ 640	1,350	$ 1,494
Total
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Cash and cash equivalents		22
Accounts receivable, net		177
Inventories		375
Other current assets		50
Property, plant and equipment, net		805
Equity method investments		28
Intangible assets, net		987
Operating lease right-of-use assets, net		102
Accounts payable		46
Accrued expenses		148
Operating lease liabilities		102
Long-term debt		8
Deferred income tax liabilities		247
Other liabilities		26
Total identifiable net assets at fair value		1,969
Goodwill		1,320
Total consideration		3,289
Consideration satisfied by:
Cash payments		3,275
Deferred consideration (stated at net present cost)		10
Contingent consideration		4
Total consideration		3,289
Acquisitions of businesses, net of cash acquired
Cash consideration		3,275
Less: cash and cash equivalents acquired		(22)
Total outflow in the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows		$ 3,253

Acquisitions - Acquisition-Rela

Acquisitions - Acquisition-Related Costs (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Total acquisition-related costs	$ 10	$ 39	$ 13
Barrette
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Total acquisition-related costs	0	27	0
Other acquisitions
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Total acquisition-related costs	$ 10	$ 12	$ 13

Acquisitions - Financial Inform

Acquisitions - Financial Information (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Business Combination and Asset Acquisition [Abstract]
Revenue	$ 228	$ 761	$ 524
Net (loss) income attributable to CRH plc	$ (15)	$ (18)	$ 38

Accounts receivable, net - Summ

Accounts receivable, net - Summary of accounts receivable (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Total accounts receivable	$ 4,290	$ 4,041
Less: allowance for credit losses	(149)	(125)
Other current receivables	366	384
Total accounts receivable, net	4,507	4,300
Trade receivables
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Total accounts receivable	3,574	3,435
Construction contract assets
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Total accounts receivable	$ 716	$ 606

Accounts receivable, net - Nara

Accounts receivable, net - Narative (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Accounts receivable, net	$ 4,507	$ 4,300
Affiliates
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Accounts receivable, net	$ 27	$ 37

Accounts receivable, net - Move

Accounts receivable, net - Movement in credit loss allowance (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Accounts Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss [Roll Forward]
At January 1	$ 125	$ 131	$ 140
Charge-offs	(18)	(19)	(14)
Provision for credit losses	39	24	10
Foreign currency translation and other	3	(11)	(5)
At December 31	$ 149	$ 125	$ 131

Inventories (Details)

Inventories (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Inventory Disclosure [Abstract]
Raw materials	$ 1,865	$ 1,988
Work-in-progress	186	181
Finished goods	2,240	2,025
Total inventories	$ 4,291	$ 4,194

Property, plant and equipment_3

Property, plant and equipment, net - Schedule of Property, plant and equipment (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Finance lease right-of-use assets	$ 187	$ 128
Total property, plant and equipment	32,764	31,729
Less: accumulated depreciation, depletion, amortization and impairment	(14,923)	(13,961)
Total property, plant and equipment, net	17,841	17,768
Mineral-bearing land
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property, plant and equipment	4,847	5,055
Land and buildings
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property, plant and equipment	5,991	5,851
Plant and machinery
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property, plant and equipment	20,468	19,605
Construction in progress
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property, plant and equipment	$ 1,271	$ 1,090

Property, plant and equipment_4

Property, plant and equipment, net - Narrative (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Property, Plant and Equipment [Abstract]
Depreciation	$ 1,494	$ 1,449	$ 1,433
Impairment charges	$ 30

Intangible assets, net - Summar

Intangible assets, net - Summary of intangible assets (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Jul. 08, 2022
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Gross amount	$ 1,671	$ 1,580
Accumulated amortization	(630)	(492)
Total intangible assets, net	1,041	1,088
Marketing-related
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Gross amount	310	286
Accumulated amortization	(94)	(78)
Total intangible assets, net	216	208
Marketing-related | Barrette
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Intangible assets from acquisition			$ 174
Customer-related
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Gross amount	1,260	1,202
Accumulated amortization	(482)	(369)
Total intangible assets, net	778	833
Customer-related | Barrette
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Intangible assets from acquisition			594
Contract-based
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Gross amount	101	92
Accumulated amortization	(54)	(45)
Total intangible assets, net	$ 47	$ 47
Contract-based | Barrette
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Intangible assets from acquisition			$ 41

Intangible assets, net - Narrat

Intangible assets, net - Narrative (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Intangible Assets, Net (Excluding Goodwill) [Abstract]
Amortization of intangibles	$ 139	$ 103	$ 46

Intangible assets, net - Schedu

Intangible assets, net - Schedule of future amortization expense (Details) $ in Millions	Dec. 31, 2023 USD ($)
Intangible Assets, Net (Excluding Goodwill) [Abstract]
2024	$ 127
2025	112
2026	74
2027	61
2028	52
2029 and thereafter	$ 615

Goodwill - Narrative (Details)

Goodwill - Narrative (Details) $ in Millions	3 Months Ended	9 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2023 segment	Dec. 31, 2023 USD ($) segment	Dec. 31, 2023 USD ($) segment division	Dec. 31, 2022 USD ($)
Goodwill [Line Items]
Number of divisions | division			2
Number of reportable segments | segment	3	4	4
Loss on impairments			$ 327
Accumulated impairment		$ 1,001	1,001	$ 691
Europe Materials Solutions
Goodwill [Line Items]
Loss on impairments			$ 295
Pre-tax discount rate		9.70%	9.70%
Present value		$ 1,022	$ 1,022
Americas Materials Solutions
Goodwill [Line Items]
Loss on impairments			$ 32

Goodwill - Schedule of changes

Goodwill - Schedule of changes in the carrying amount of goodwill (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Goodwill [Roll Forward]
Carrying value of goodwill beginning balance	$ 9,199	$ 9,451
Acquisitions	398	1,320
Foreign currency translation adjustment	89	(239)
Divestitures		(1,333)
Impairment charge for the year	(327)
Reclassified as held for sale	(201)
Carrying value of goodwill ending balance	9,158	9,199
Americas Materials Solutions
Goodwill [Roll Forward]
Carrying value of goodwill beginning balance	4,407	4,292
Acquisitions	34	147
Foreign currency translation adjustment	8	(32)
Divestitures		0
Impairment charge for the year	(32)
Reclassified as held for sale	0
Carrying value of goodwill ending balance	4,417	4,407
Americas Building Solutions
Goodwill [Roll Forward]
Carrying value of goodwill beginning balance	2,517	2,576
Acquisitions	240	1,120
Foreign currency translation adjustment	(5)	(12)
Divestitures		(1,167)
Impairment charge for the year	0
Reclassified as held for sale	0
Carrying value of goodwill ending balance	2,752	2,517
Europe Materials Solutions
Goodwill [Roll Forward]
Carrying value of goodwill beginning balance	1,763	2,075
Acquisitions	38	15
Foreign currency translation adjustment	57	(161)
Divestitures		(166)
Impairment charge for the year	(295)
Reclassified as held for sale	(201)
Carrying value of goodwill ending balance	1,362	1,763
Europe Building Solutions
Goodwill [Roll Forward]
Carrying value of goodwill beginning balance	512	508
Acquisitions	86	38
Foreign currency translation adjustment	29	(34)
Divestitures		0
Impairment charge for the year	0
Reclassified as held for sale	0
Carrying value of goodwill ending balance	$ 627	$ 512

Additional financial informat_3

Additional financial information - Other current assets (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]
Prepayments	$ 285	$ 269
Other	193	134
Total other current assets	$ 478	$ 403

Additional financial informat_4

Additional financial information - Accrued Expenses (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]
Accrued payroll and employee benefits	$ 1,066	$ 956
Other accruals	1,230	1,176
Total accrued expenses	$ 2,296	$ 2,132

Additional financial informat_5

Additional financial information - Other Current Liabilities (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]
Dividends payable	$ 750	$ 0
Construction contract liabilities	439	344
Insurance liability	171	194
Income tax payable	129	142
Other	583	570
Total other current liabilities	$ 2,072	$ 1,250

Additional financial informat_6

Additional financial information - Noncurrent Liabilities (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]
Income tax payable	$ 712	$ 605
Asset retirement obligations	310	329
Pension liability	254	272
Insurance liability	260	265
Other	660	737
Total other noncurrent liabilities	$ 2,196	$ 2,208

Debt - Schedule of Long-Term De

Debt - Schedule of Long-Term Debt (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Dec. 31, 2023	Jul. 11, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2010	Aug. 31, 2009	Sep. 30, 2003
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Unamortized discounts and debt issuance costs	$ (67)		$ (50)
Total long-term debt (ii)	11,535		9,542
Less: current portion of long-term debt (iii)	(1,759)		(1,397)
Long-term debt	9,776		8,145
Notes acquired				$ 87	$ 87
Short-term debt	107		94
Long-Term Debt
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Hedged liability, fair value hedge, cumulative increase (decrease)	30		33
Interest Rate Contract
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Derivative, amount of hedged item	$ 1,375		1,775
3.125% € notes due 2023 | Senior notes
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Debt instrument, stated percentage	3.125%
Effective interest rate	3.23%
Long-term debt, gross	$ 0		801
0.875% € notes due 2023 | Senior notes
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Debt instrument, stated percentage	0.875%
Effective interest rate	0.92%
Long-term debt, gross	$ 0		534
1.875% € notes due 2024 | Senior notes
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Debt instrument, stated percentage	1.875%
Effective interest rate	2.02%
Long-term debt, gross	$ 663		640
3.875% U.S. Dollar notes due 2025 | Senior notes
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Debt instrument, stated percentage	3.875%
Effective interest rate	3.93%
Long-term debt, gross	$ 1,250		1,250
1.250% € notes due 2026 | Senior notes
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Debt instrument, stated percentage	1.25%
Effective interest rate	1.25%
Long-term debt, gross	$ 829		801
3.400% U.S. Dollar notes due 2027 | Senior notes
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Debt instrument, stated percentage	3.40%
Effective interest rate	3.49%
Long-term debt, gross	$ 600		600
4.000% € notes due 2027 | Senior notes
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Debt instrument, stated percentage	4%	4%
Effective interest rate	4.13%
Long-term debt, gross	$ 553		0
3.950% U.S. Dollar notes due 2028 | Senior notes
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Debt instrument, stated percentage	3.95%
Effective interest rate	4.07%
Long-term debt, gross	$ 900		900
1.375% € notes due 2028 | Senior notes
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Debt instrument, stated percentage	1.375%
Effective interest rate	1.42%
Long-term debt, gross	$ 663		640
4.125% Sterling notes due 2029 | Senior notes
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Debt instrument, stated percentage	4.125%
Effective interest rate	4.22%
Long-term debt, gross	$ 509		481
1.625% € notes due 2030 | Senior notes
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Debt instrument, stated percentage	1.625%
Effective interest rate	1.72%
Long-term debt, gross	$ 829		801
4.000% € notes due 2031 | Senior notes
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Debt instrument, stated percentage	4%	4%
Effective interest rate	4.10%
Long-term debt, gross	$ 829		0
6.400% U.S. Dollar notes due 2033 (i) | Senior notes
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Debt instrument, stated percentage	6.40%
Effective interest rate	6.43%
Long-term debt, gross	$ 213		213			$ 300
4.250% € notes due 2035 | Senior notes
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Debt instrument, stated percentage	4.25%	4.25%
Effective interest rate	4.38%
Long-term debt, gross	$ 829		0
5.125% U.S. Dollar notes due 2045 | Senior notes
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Debt instrument, stated percentage	5.125%
Effective interest rate	5.25%
Long-term debt, gross		$ 500	500
4.400% U.S. Dollar notes due 2047 | Senior notes
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Debt instrument, stated percentage	4.40%
Effective interest rate	4.44%
Long-term debt, gross		400	400
4.500% U.S. Dollar notes due 2048 | Senior notes
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Debt instrument, stated percentage	4.50%
Effective interest rate	4.63%
Long-term debt, gross		$ 600	600
PHP interest bearing loan due 2027 | Line of credit
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Effective interest rate	5.95%
Long-term debt, gross	$ 396		420
US Dollar Commercial Paper | Commercial paper
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Effective interest rate	5.85%
Long-term debt, gross	$ 1,002		0
Other | Other
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Long-term debt, gross	$ 37		$ 11

Debt - Additional Information (

Debt - Additional Information (Details) ₱ in Millions, € in Millions, $ in Millions				1 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	Nov. 05, 2023 EUR (€)	Jul. 11, 2023 EUR (€)	Apr. 03, 2023 EUR (€)	Mar. 31, 2017 PHP (₱)	Dec. 31, 2023 USD ($) basis_point	Dec. 31, 2022 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2021 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2023 EUR (€)	Dec. 31, 2023 PHP (₱)	Jul. 11, 2023 USD ($)	Jul. 11, 2023 EUR (€)	Sep. 30, 2003 USD ($)
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Debt redeemed					$ 1,462	$ 364	$ 1,183
Affiliates
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Line of credit facility, maximum borrowing capacity | ₱				₱ 12.5					₱ 22.5
Line of credit facility, expiration period				10 years
Secured Debt
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Long-term debt, gross					$ 0	0
Senior notes
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Debt Instrument, redemption price, percentage					100%
Debt instrument, cash repurchase, percentage of principal amount					101%
Debt instrument, step up payment on notes, basis points increase increments (in basis points) | basis_point					25
Debt Instrument, step up payment on notes, basis points capped (in basis points) | basis_point					100
Proceeds from debt, net of issuance costs | €		€ 1,984
Debt issuance costs, gross | €											€ 18
Senior notes | 6.400% U.S. Dollar notes due 2033 (i)
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Long-term debt, gross					$ 213	213						$ 300
Debt instrument, stated percentage					6.40%			6.40%	6.40%
Senior notes | 3.875% U.S. Dollar notes due 2025
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Long-term debt, gross					$ 1,250	1,250
Debt instrument, stated percentage					3.875%			3.875%	3.875%
Senior notes | 3.400% U.S. Dollar notes due 2027
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Long-term debt, gross					$ 600	600
Debt instrument, stated percentage					3.40%			3.40%	3.40%
Senior notes | 3.950% U.S. Dollar notes due 2028
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Long-term debt, gross					$ 900	900
Debt instrument, stated percentage					3.95%			3.95%	3.95%
Senior notes | 5.125% U.S. Dollar notes due 2045
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Long-term debt, gross						500				$ 500
Debt instrument, stated percentage					5.125%			5.125%	5.125%
Senior notes | 4.400% U.S. Dollar notes due 2047
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Long-term debt, gross						400				400
Debt instrument, stated percentage					4.40%			4.40%	4.40%
Senior notes | 4.500% U.S. Dollar notes due 2048
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Long-term debt, gross						600				$ 600
Debt instrument, stated percentage					4.50%			4.50%	4.50%
Senior notes | 4.000% € notes due 2027
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Long-term debt, gross					$ 553	0
Debt instrument, stated percentage					4%			4%	4%	4%	4%
Proceeds from debt, net of issuance costs | €		500
Senior notes | 4.000% € notes due 2031
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Long-term debt, gross					$ 829	0
Debt instrument, stated percentage					4%			4%	4%	4%	4%
Proceeds from debt, net of issuance costs | €		750
Senior notes | 4.250% € notes due 2035
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Long-term debt, gross					$ 829	0
Debt instrument, stated percentage					4.25%			4.25%	4.25%	4.25%	4.25%
Proceeds from debt, net of issuance costs | €		€ 750
Senior notes | 3.125% € notes due 2023
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Long-term debt, gross					$ 0	801
Debt instrument, stated percentage					3.125%			3.125%	3.125%
Debt redeemed | €			€ 750
Senior notes | 0.875% € notes due 2023
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Long-term debt, gross					$ 0	$ 534
Debt instrument, stated percentage					0.875%			0.875%	0.875%
Debt redeemed | €	€ 500
Line of credit | Revolving Credit Facility | National Westminster bank facility
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Line of credit facility, maximum borrowing capacity | €								€ 3,500
Line of credit facility, expiration period					5 years
Deferred financing costs					$ 8
Credit available | €								3,500
Line of credit facility, remaining borrowing capacity					3,868
Line of credit | US Dollar Commercial Paper | Commercial Paper Programs
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Line of credit facility, maximum borrowing capacity					$ 2,000
Line of credit | Euro Commercial Paper | Commercial Paper Programs
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Line of credit facility, maximum borrowing capacity | €								1,500
Line of credit | Bridge Loan | Commercial Paper Programs
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Line of credit facility, maximum borrowing capacity | €								€ 750

Debt - Schedule of Debt Payment

Debt - Schedule of Debt Payments (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Debt Disclosure [Abstract]
2024	$ 1,759
2025	1,219
2026	824
2027	1,436
2028	1,537
2029 and thereafter	4,760
Total long-term debt (ii)	$ 11,535	$ 9,542

Leases - Lease Liabilities (Det

Leases - Lease Liabilities (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Current:
Operating lease liabilities	$ 255	$ 238
Finance lease liabilities	31	22
Noncurrent:
Operating lease liabilities	1,125	1,000
Finance lease liabilities	86	59
Total lease liabilities	$ 1,497	$ 1,319

Leases - Narrative (Details)

Leases - Narrative (Details)	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Leases [Abstract]
Finance Lease, Liability, Statement of Financial Position [Extensible Enumeration]	Other noncurrent liabilities	Other noncurrent liabilities

Leases - Schedule Of Detailed I

Leases - Schedule Of Detailed Information About Maturity Analysis Of Lease Liabilities (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Operating leases
2024	$ 261
2025	221
2026	180
2027	144
2028	122
Thereafter	810
Total minimum lease payments	1,738
Less: lease payments representing interest	(358)
Present value of future minimum lease payments	1,380
Less: current portion of lease liabilities	(255)	$ (238)
Noncurrent operating lease liabilities	1,125	1,000
Finance leases
2024	31
2025	27
2026	23
2027	15
2028	10
Thereafter	57
Total minimum lease payments	163
Less: lease payments representing interest	(46)
Present value of future minimum lease payments	117
Less: current portion of lease liabilities	(31)	(22)
Noncurrent portion of lease liabilities	$ 86	$ 59

Leases - Schedule of Lease Cost

Leases - Schedule of Lease Costs and Disclosure in Income Statement (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Leases [Abstract]
Amortization of right-of-use-assets	$ 19	$ 20	$ 22
Interest on lease liabilities	3	3	3
Operating leases	293	255	265
Short-term leases	329	273	239
Variable leases	85	94	97
Total lease expense	$ 729	$ 645	$ 626

Leases - Schedule Of Weighted A

Leases - Schedule Of Weighted Average Remaining Lease Term And Discount Rates (Details)	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Weighted average remaining lease term (years)
Operating leases	12 years	12 years
Finance leases	13 years	15 years
Weighted average discount rate (%)
Operating leases	3.63%	3.44%
Finance leases	4.07%	3.85%

Leases - Cash Flow Information

Leases - Cash Flow Information (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities
Operating cash flows from operating leases	$ (276)	$ (269)	$ (299)
Financing cash flows from finance leases	(26)	(28)	(29)
Non cash investing and financing activities
Leased assets obtained in exchange for new finance lease liabilities	51	24	30
Leased assets obtained in exchange for new operating lease liabilities	$ 232	$ 130	$ 180

Asset retirement obligations -

Asset retirement obligations - Schedule of Asset Retirement Obligations (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Asset Retirement Obligation Disclosure [Abstract]
Accretion	$ 12	$ 11	$ 12
Depreciation	27	46	42
Total costs	$ 39	$ 57	$ 54

Asset retirement obligations _2

Asset retirement obligations - Narrative (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Asset Retirement Obligation Disclosure [Abstract]
Asset retirement obligation	$ 360	$ 392
Current asset retirement obligation	$ 50	$ 63

Fair Value Measurement (Details

Fair Value Measurement (Details) $ in Millions	Dec. 31, 2023 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2022 USD ($)
Minimum | Measurement Input, Discount Rate
Fair Value, Assets Measured on Recurring Basis, Unobservable Input Reconciliation [Line Items]
Redeemable noncontrolling interest, measurement input	0.0667
Maximum | Measurement Input, Discount Rate
Fair Value, Assets Measured on Recurring Basis, Unobservable Input Reconciliation [Line Items]
Redeemable noncontrolling interest, measurement input	0.0750
Carrying value
Fair Value, Assets Measured on Recurring Basis, Unobservable Input Reconciliation [Line Items]
Debt, fair value	$ 11,535	$ 9,542
Fair value
Fair Value, Assets Measured on Recurring Basis, Unobservable Input Reconciliation [Line Items]
Debt, fair value	$ 11,337	$ 8,907

Income taxes - Schedule of Inco

Income taxes - Schedule of Income before Income Tax, Domestic and Foreign (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]
U.S.	$ 2,729	$ 2,225	$ 1,596
Non-U.S.	1,285	1,236	1,506
Income from continuing operations before income tax expense and income from equity method investments	$ 4,014	$ 3,461	$ 3,102

Income taxes - Schedule of Comp

Income taxes - Schedule of Components of Income Tax Expense (Benefit) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Current tax:
U.S. - Federal	$ 632	$ 443	$ 304
U.S. - State	67	87	47
Non-U.S.	290	221	205
Total current tax expense	989	751	556
Deferred tax:
U.S. - Federal	(28)	11	54
U.S. - State	(12)	(6)	11
Non-U.S.	(24)	6	29
Total deferred tax (benefit) expense	(64)	11	94
Total tax expense	$ 925	$ 762	$ 650

Income taxes - Schedule of Effe

Income taxes - Schedule of Effective Income Tax Rate (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]
U.S. statutory rate	$ 843	$ 727	$ 651
State tax, net of federal tax benefit	38	73	61
Tax rate differentials	(11)	(6)	4
Uncertain tax positions	87	60	75
Tax credits	(125)	(96)	(107)
Non-deductible goodwill impairment	75	0	0
Other	18	4	(34)
Total tax expense	$ 925	$ 762	$ 650
Effective income tax rate	23%	22%	21%

Income taxes - Schedule of Defe

Income taxes - Schedule of Deferred Tax Assets and Liabilities (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Deferred tax assets:
Company retirement benefit plans	$ 38	$ 26
Revaluation of derivative financial instruments to fair value	2	0
Tax losses, credits and interest deduction carryforwards	1,052	855
Share-based compensation	41	31
Accrued expenses	420	350
Lease liabilities	292	263
Total deferred tax assets	1,845	1,525
Less: valuation allowances	(914)	(737)	$ (578)	$ (507)
Total deferred tax assets after valuation allowances	931	788
Deferred tax liabilities:
Investment in subsidiaries	155	159
Depreciation, depletion and amortization	3,109	3,165
Leased right-of-use assets	274	250
Rolled-over capital gains	21	20
Other	12	0
Total deferred tax liabilities	3,571	3,594
Total net deferred tax liabilities	$ 2,640	$ 2,806

Income taxes - Schedule of De_2

Income taxes - Schedule of Deferred Tax Assets and Liabilities Non-Current (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]
Deferred income taxes, noncurrent assets	$ (98)	$ (79)
Deferred income taxes, noncurrent liabilities	2,738	2,885
Total net deferred tax liabilities	$ 2,640	$ 2,806

Income taxes - Narrative (Detai

Income taxes - Narrative (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Operating Loss Carryforwards [Line Items]
Operating loss carryforwards, subject to expiry	$ 332
Operating Loss carryforwards, not subject to expiration	931
Tax credit carryforward, amount	2,115
Tax credit carryforward, amount, subject to expiration	74
Tax credit carryforward, amount, not subject to expiry	2,041
Valuation allowance	914	$ 737	$ 578	$ 507
Undistributed earnings	16,400
Unrecognized tax benefits that would impact effective tax rate	627	537
Accrued interest	84	68
Interest and penalties	14	$ 5	$ 12
Foreign Tax Authority
Operating Loss Carryforwards [Line Items]
Operating loss carryforwards	1,295
State and Local Jurisdiction
Operating Loss Carryforwards [Line Items]
Operating loss carryforwards	$ 32

Income taxes - Schedule of Valu

Income taxes - Schedule of Valuation Allowance - (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Valuation Allowance [Roll Forward]
Balance at January 1	$ 737	$ 578	$ 507
Provision for income taxes	151	203	102
Foreign currency and other	26	(44)	(31)
Balance at December 31	$ 914	$ 737	$ 578

Income taxes - Schedule of Unre

Income taxes - Schedule of Unrecognized Tax Benefits Roll Forward - (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Reconciliation of Unrecognized Tax Benefits, Excluding Amounts Pertaining to Examined Tax Returns [Roll Forward]
Unrecognized tax benefits, beginning balance	$ 576	$ 547	$ 536
Increases related to prior periods	9	4	2
Decreases related to prior periods	(12)	(8)	(21)
Increases related to current period	148	130	104
Decreases related to settlements with taxing authorities and lapse of statute of limitations	(68)	(67)	(56)
Foreign currency and other	12
Foreign currency and other		(30)	(18)
Unrecognized tax benefits, ending balance	$ 665	$ 576	$ 547

Earnings per share (EPS) (Detai

Earnings per share (EPS) (Details) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Number of computations
Income from continuing operations	$ 3,072	$ 2,699	$ 2,507
Net income attributable to redeemable noncontrolling interests	(28)	(27)	(22)
Net loss (income) attributable to noncontrolling interests	134	0	(34)
Adjustment of redeemable noncontrolling interests to redemption value	(24)	40	(18)
Earnings from continuing operations attributable to common shareholders, basic	3,154	2,712	2,433
Earnings from continuing operations attributable to common shareholders, diluted	3,154	2,712	2,433
Income from discontinued operations, net of income tax expense	0	1,190	179
Income from discontinued operations, net of income tax expense	0	1,190	179
Net earnings attributable to common shareholders, basic	3,154	3,902	2,612
Net earnings attributable to common shareholders, diluted	$ 3,154	$ 3,902	$ 2,612
Denominator computations
Weighted average common shares outstanding, basic (in shares)	723,900,000	758,300,000	780,200,000
Effect of dilutive employee share awards (in shares)	5,300,000	5,800,000	6,600,000
Weighted average common shares outstanding, diluted (in shares)	729,200,000	764,100,000	786,800,000
Basic earnings per share attributable to CRH plc
Continuing operations, basic (in usd per share)	$ 4.36	$ 3.58	$ 3.12
Discontinued operations, basic (in usd per share)	0	1.57	0.23
Basic earnings per share attributable to CRH plc, net income (in USD per share)	4.36	5.15	3.35
Diluted earnings per share attributable to CRH plc
Continuing operations, diluted (in usd per share)	4.33	3.55	3.09
Discontinued operations, diluted (in usd shares)	0	1.56	0.23
Diluted earnings per share, net income (in USD per share)	$ 4.33	$ 5.11	$ 3.32
Antidilutive securities excluded from computation of earnings per share (in shares)	4,677,404	4,209,404	3,630,633

Share-based compensation - Shar

Share-based compensation - Share-based Compensation Expense (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Share-Based Payment Arrangement, Expensed and Capitalized, Amount [Line Items]
Total share-based compensation	$ 123	$ 100	$ 108
Performance Share Plan expense
Share-Based Payment Arrangement, Expensed and Capitalized, Amount [Line Items]
Total share-based compensation	120	97	106
Share Option expense
Share-Based Payment Arrangement, Expensed and Capitalized, Amount [Line Items]
Total share-based compensation	$ 3	$ 3	$ 2

Share-based compensation - Narr

Share-based compensation - Narrative (Details) € / shares in Units, $ / shares in Units, $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023 USD ($) $ / shares shares	Dec. 31, 2023 EUR (€) € / shares shares	Dec. 31, 2023 GBP (£) shares	Dec. 31, 2022 € / shares	Dec. 31, 2022 USD ($) $ / shares shares	Dec. 31, 2021 € / shares	Dec. 31, 2021 USD ($) $ / shares shares
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Percentage of shares reserved for sale	10%	10%	10%		10%		10%
Performance shares
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Vesting period	3 years	3 years	3 years
Weighted average grant date fair value (in usd per share) | (per share)	$ 48.55	€ 45.57		€ 34.50	$ 36.29	€ 35.40	$ 42.05
Awards vested (in shares) | shares	2,985,299	2,985,299	2,985,299		3,084,926		2,915,761
Fair value of awards vested	$ 147				$ 123		$ 137
Unrecognized compensation expense	$ 179
Unrecognized compensation expense, remaining weighted average vesting period	1 year 3 months 21 days	1 year 3 months 21 days	1 year 3 months 21 days
Performance shares | Total shareholder return metric
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Performance conditions, percentage	20%	20%	20%		20%		25%
Performance shares | Return on net assets metric
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Performance conditions, percentage	20%	20%	20%		20%		25%
Performance shares | Sustainability and diversity metric
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Performance conditions, percentage	15%	15%	15%		15%
Performance shares | Cumulative cash flow metric
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Performance conditions, percentage	45%	45%	45%		45%		50%
Share option
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Unrecognized compensation expense	$ 4
Unrecognized compensation expense, remaining weighted average vesting period	1 year 7 months 28 days	1 year 7 months 28 days	1 year 7 months 28 days
Amount participants may save per month		€ 500	£ 500
Participant purchase period	6 months	6 months	6 months
Discount percentage	15%	15%	15%
Stock purchased (in shares) | shares	86,520	86,520	86,520		402,645		470,001
Purchase price (in usd per share) | $ / shares	$ 26.82				$ 25.24		$ 25.88
Share option | Minimum
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Participant saving period	3 years	3 years	3 years
Share option | Maximum
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Participant saving period	5 years	5 years	5 years
Share options, 3-year
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Volatility assumption, months in historical sample	37 months	37 months	37 months
Share options, 5-year
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Volatility assumption, months in historical sample	61 months	61 months	61 months

Share-based compensation - Perf

Share-based compensation - Performance Shares Activity (Details) - Performance shares	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023 $ / shares shares	Dec. 31, 2023 € / shares shares	Dec. 31, 2022 $ / shares shares	Dec. 31, 2022 € / shares shares	Dec. 31, 2021 $ / shares shares	Dec. 31, 2021 € / shares shares
Number of shares
Outstanding at beginning of year (in shares)	10,178,940	10,178,940
Granted (in shares)	2,979,818	2,979,818
Forfeited (in shares)	(356,840)	(356,840)
Vested (in shares)	(2,985,299)	(2,985,299)	(3,084,926)	(3,084,926)	(2,915,761)	(2,915,761)
Outstanding at end of year (in shares)	9,816,619	9,816,619	10,178,940	10,178,940
Weighted average grant date fair value
Outstanding at beginning of year (in usd or eur per share) | (per share)	$ 36.25	€ 32.52
Granted (in usd or eur per share) | (per share)	48.55	45.57	$ 36.29	€ 34.50	$ 42.05	€ 35.40
Forfeited (in usd or eur per share) | (per share)	37.45	33.97
Vested (in usd or eur per share) | (per share)	30.95	27.70
Outstanding at beginning of year (in usd or eur per share) | (per share)	$ 41.56	€ 37.90	$ 36.25	€ 32.52

Share-based compensation - Valu

Share-based compensation - Valuation Assumptions (Details) - EUR (€)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Performance shares
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Risk-free interest rate (%)	3.16%	0.51%	(0.56%)
Expected volatility (%)	28.90%	36.90%	35.10%
Share options, 3-year
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Risk-free interest rate (%)		2.08%	(0.61%)
Expected dividend payments over the expected life (€)		€ 4.06	€ 3.25
Expected volatility (%)		26.40%	23.50%
Expected life term (years)		3 years	3 years
Share options, 5-year
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Risk-free interest rate (%)		2.24%	(0.43%)
Expected dividend payments over the expected life (€)		€ 7.05	€ 5.65
Expected volatility (%)		24.20%	21.20%
Expected life term (years)		5 years	5 years
Share option | Minimum
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Participant saving period	3 years

Shareholders' equity (Details)

Shareholders' equity (Details) $ / shares in Units, $ in Millions		12 Months Ended
	Mar. 02, 2023 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2023 USD ($) vote $ / shares shares	Dec. 31, 2022 USD ($) $ / shares shares	Dec. 31, 2021 USD ($) shares
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Number of votes per share of common stock | vote		1
Dividends, preferred stock | $		$ 1	$ 1	$ 1
Share buyback program, authorized amount | $	$ 3,000
Share buyback program, term	12 months
Common stock repurchased (in shares)		54,900,928	29,755,861
Common stock repurchased, percentage of issued capital		7.47%	3.96%
Common stock repurchased, average price (in usd per share) | $ / shares		$ 54.92	$ 39.22
Common stock cancelled (in shares)		17,620,740	22,000,000
Common stock cancelled, percentage of issued capital		2.40%	2.92%
Treasury stock (in shares)		42,419,281	7,712,885
Treasury stock, percentage of common stock issued		5.78%	1.03%
Common Stock
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Repurchases of common shares (in shares)		17,600,000		795,100,000
Common stock cancelled (in shares)			22,000,000	21,000,000
5% Preferred Stock
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Preferred stock dividend rate percentage		5%
Preferred stock issued as a percentage of total issued share capital		0.03%	0.03%
7% Preferred Stock
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Preferred stock dividend rate percentage		7%
Preferred stock issued as a percentage of total issued share capital		0.47%	0.45%

Accumulated other comprehensi_3

Accumulated other comprehensive loss - Schedule of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
AOCI Including Portion Attributable to Noncontrolling Interest, Net of Tax [Roll Forward]
Balance at the beginning of the year	$ 22,732	$ 21,246	$ 20,412
Other comprehensive (loss) income before reclassifications	169	(353)	(87)
Amounts reclassified from Accumulated other comprehensive loss (i)	5	(55)	(29)
Other comprehensive income (loss)	(174)	408	116
Balance at the end of the year	21,288	22,732	21,246
Other nonoperating (expense) income, net	(2)	(69)	90
Income from discontinued operations, net of income tax expense	0	1,190	179
AOCI Attributable to Parent
AOCI Including Portion Attributable to Noncontrolling Interest, Net of Tax [Roll Forward]
Balance at the beginning of the year	(787)	(425)	(344)
Other comprehensive income (loss)	(171)	362	81
Balance at the end of the year	(616)	(787)	(425)
Currency Translation
AOCI Including Portion Attributable to Noncontrolling Interest, Net of Tax [Roll Forward]
Balance at the beginning of the year	(746)	(127)	205
Balance at the end of the year	(439)	(746)	(127)
Cash Flow Hedges
AOCI Including Portion Attributable to Noncontrolling Interest, Net of Tax [Roll Forward]
Balance at the beginning of the year	(19)	18	(1)
Balance at the end of the year	(47)	(19)	18
Pension and Other Postretirement Plans
AOCI Including Portion Attributable to Noncontrolling Interest, Net of Tax [Roll Forward]
Balance at the beginning of the year	(22)	(316)	(548)
Balance at the end of the year	(130)	(22)	(316)
Noncontrolling Interests
AOCI Including Portion Attributable to Noncontrolling Interest, Net of Tax [Roll Forward]
Balance at the beginning of the year	575	632	647
Other comprehensive income (loss)	(3)	46	35
Balance at the end of the year	434	575	632
Accumulated Foreign Currency Adjustment Attributable to Noncontrolling Interest
AOCI Including Portion Attributable to Noncontrolling Interest, Net of Tax [Roll Forward]
Other comprehensive income (loss)	(3)	46	35
Accumulated Gain (Loss), Net, Cash Flow Hedge, Noncontrolling Interest
AOCI Including Portion Attributable to Noncontrolling Interest, Net of Tax [Roll Forward]
Other comprehensive income (loss)	0	0	0
Accumulated Defined Benefit Plans Adjustment Attributable to Noncontrolling Interest
AOCI Including Portion Attributable to Noncontrolling Interest, Net of Tax [Roll Forward]
Other comprehensive income (loss)	0	0	0
Accumulated Foreign Currency Adjustment Including Portion Attributable to Noncontrolling Interest
AOCI Including Portion Attributable to Noncontrolling Interest, Net of Tax [Roll Forward]
Other comprehensive (loss) income before reclassifications	310	(664)	(338)
Amounts reclassified from Accumulated other comprehensive loss (i)	0	(1)	(29)
Other comprehensive income (loss)	(310)	665	367
Accumulated Foreign Currency Adjustment Including Portion Attributable to Noncontrolling Interest | Reclassifications from Accumulated other comprehensive loss to income
AOCI Including Portion Attributable to Noncontrolling Interest, Net of Tax [Roll Forward]
Other nonoperating (expense) income, net		4
Income from discontinued operations, net of income tax expense		(5)
Cash flow hedges
AOCI Including Portion Attributable to Noncontrolling Interest, Net of Tax [Roll Forward]
Other comprehensive (loss) income before reclassifications	(37)	23	48
Amounts reclassified from Accumulated other comprehensive loss (i)	9	(60)	(29)
Other comprehensive income (loss)	28	37	(19)
Pension and other postretirement plans
AOCI Including Portion Attributable to Noncontrolling Interest, Net of Tax [Roll Forward]
Other comprehensive (loss) income before reclassifications	(104)	288	203
Amounts reclassified from Accumulated other comprehensive loss (i)	(4)	6	29
Other comprehensive income (loss)	108	(294)	(232)
Pension and other postretirement plans | Reclassifications from Accumulated other comprehensive loss to income
AOCI Including Portion Attributable to Noncontrolling Interest, Net of Tax [Roll Forward]
Other nonoperating (expense) income, net	$ (7)	$ 8	$ 36

Accumulated other comprehensi_4

Accumulated other comprehensive loss - Reclassification out of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Reclassification Adjustment out of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income [Line Items]
Income tax (benefit) expense	$ 925	$ 762	$ 650
Other nonoperating (expense) income, net	(2)	(69)	90
Net income attributable to CRH plc	3,178	3,862	2,630
Reclassifications from Accumulated other comprehensive loss to income
Reclassification Adjustment out of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income [Line Items]
Net income attributable to CRH plc	5	(54)	0
Cash flow hedges | Reclassifications from Accumulated other comprehensive loss to income
Reclassification Adjustment out of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income [Line Items]
Cost of product revenues	12	(73)	(29)
Income tax (benefit) expense	(3)	13	0
Net income attributable to CRH plc	9	(60)	(29)
Pension and other postretirement plans | Reclassifications from Accumulated other comprehensive loss to income
Reclassification Adjustment out of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income [Line Items]
Income tax (benefit) expense	3	(2)	(7)
Other nonoperating (expense) income, net	(7)	8	36
Net income attributable to CRH plc	$ (4)	$ 6	$ 29

Segment information - Narrative

Segment information - Narrative (Details)	3 Months Ended	9 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2023 segment	Dec. 31, 2023 segment	Dec. 31, 2023 segment division
Segment Reporting [Abstract]
Number of divisions | division			2
Number of reportable segments | segment	3	4	4

Segment information - Summary o

Segment information - Summary of key performance measures by segments (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Segment information - Consolidated Statements of Income
Revenues	$ 34,949	$ 32,723	$ 29,206
Adjusted EBITDA	6,176	5,388	4,806
Americas Materials Solutions
Segment information - Consolidated Statements of Income
Revenues	15,435	14,324	12,407
Adjusted EBITDA	3,059	2,638	2,543
Americas Building Solutions
Segment information - Consolidated Statements of Income
Revenues	7,017	6,188	4,628
Adjusted EBITDA	1,442	1,219	720
Europe Materials Solutions
Segment information - Consolidated Statements of Income
Revenues	9,690	9,349	9,389
Adjusted EBITDA	1,395	1,195	1,228
Europe Building Solutions
Segment information - Consolidated Statements of Income
Revenues	2,807	2,862	2,782
Adjusted EBITDA	$ 280	$ 336	$ 315

Segment information - Summary_2

Segment information - Summary of adjusted EBITDA (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Segment information - Consolidated Balance Sheet
Adjusted EBITDA	$ 6,176	$ 5,388	$ 4,806
Depreciation, depletion and amortization	(1,633)	(1,552)	(1,479)
Loss on impairments (i)	(357)	0	0
Interest income	206	65	0
Interest expense	(376)	(344)	(315)
(Loss) gain on divestitures (ii)	0	(99)	78
Pension income excluding current service cost component (ii)	3	30	9
Other interest, net (ii)	(5)	0	3
Substantial acquisition-related costs	0	(27)	0
Income from continuing operations before income tax expense and income from equity method investments	$ 4,014	$ 3,461	3,102
Defined benefit plan, net periodic benefit Cost (credit) excluding service cost, statement of income or comprehensive income [Extensible Enumeration]	Other nonoperating (expense) income, net	Other nonoperating (expense) income, net
Americas Materials Solutions
Segment information - Consolidated Balance Sheet
Adjusted EBITDA	$ 3,059	$ 2,638	2,543
Depreciation, depletion and amortization	(781)	(777)	(750)
Loss on impairments (i)	(62)
(Loss) gain on divestitures (ii)		0	104
Americas Building Solutions
Segment information - Consolidated Balance Sheet
Adjusted EBITDA	1,442	1,219	720
Depreciation, depletion and amortization	(299)	(236)	(155)
(Loss) gain on divestitures (ii)		0	(25)
Europe Materials Solutions
Segment information - Consolidated Balance Sheet
Adjusted EBITDA	1,395	1,195	1,228
Depreciation, depletion and amortization	(464)	(466)	(490)
Loss on impairments (i)	(295)
(Loss) gain on divestitures (ii)		(99)	3
Europe Building Solutions
Segment information - Consolidated Balance Sheet
Adjusted EBITDA	280	336	315
Depreciation, depletion and amortization	$ (89)	(73)	(84)
(Loss) gain on divestitures (ii)		$ 0	$ (4)

Segment information - Schedule

Segment information - Schedule of depreciation, depletion, amortization and impairment (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Segment information - Consolidated Balance Sheet
Total depreciation, depletion and amortization	$ 1,633	$ 1,552	$ 1,479
Americas Materials Solutions
Segment information - Consolidated Balance Sheet
Total depreciation, depletion and amortization	781	777	750
Americas Building Solutions
Segment information - Consolidated Balance Sheet
Total depreciation, depletion and amortization	299	236	155
Europe Materials Solutions
Segment information - Consolidated Balance Sheet
Total depreciation, depletion and amortization	464	466	490
Europe Building Solutions
Segment information - Consolidated Balance Sheet
Total depreciation, depletion and amortization	$ 89	$ 73	$ 84

Segment information - Schedul_2

Segment information - Schedule of gain or loss on disposal of business (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Segment information - Consolidated Balance Sheet
Total (loss) gain on divestitures	$ 0	$ (99)	$ 78
Americas Materials Solutions
Segment information - Consolidated Balance Sheet
Total (loss) gain on divestitures		0	104
Americas Building Solutions
Segment information - Consolidated Balance Sheet
Total (loss) gain on divestitures		0	(25)
Europe Materials Solutions
Segment information - Consolidated Balance Sheet
Total (loss) gain on divestitures		(99)	3
Europe Building Solutions
Segment information - Consolidated Balance Sheet
Total (loss) gain on divestitures		$ 0	$ (4)

Segment information - Summary_3

Segment information - Summary of Operating Segments Disclosures - Consolidated Balance Sheet (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Segment information - Consolidated Balance Sheet
Total assets for reportable segments	$ 47,469	$ 45,319
Cash and cash equivalents	6,341	5,936	$ 5,783
Other current assets	478	403
Equity method investments	620	649
Assets held for sale	1,268	0
Other noncurrent assets, excluding segment assets	632	607
Total liabilities for reportable segments	25,848	22,279
Other current liabilities, excluding segment liabilities	2,072	1,250
Deferred income tax liabilities	2,738	2,885
Liabilities held for sale	375	0
Other noncurrent liabilities, excluding segment liabilities	2,196	2,208
Operating segments
Segment information - Consolidated Balance Sheet
Total assets for reportable segments	38,868	38,504
Total liabilities for reportable segments	10,169	8,883
Corporate, non-segment
Segment information - Consolidated Balance Sheet
Cash and cash equivalents	6,341	5,936
Other current assets	193	134
Equity method investments	620	649
Assets held for sale	1,268	0
Other noncurrent assets, excluding segment assets	179	96
Other current liabilities, excluding segment liabilities	156	193
Total debt	11,642	9,636
Deferred income tax liabilities	2,738	2,885
Liabilities held for sale	375	0
Other noncurrent liabilities, excluding segment liabilities	768	682
Americas Materials Solutions | Operating segments
Segment information - Consolidated Balance Sheet
Total assets for reportable segments	17,534	17,615
Total liabilities for reportable segments	3,349	2,908
Americas Building Solutions | Operating segments
Segment information - Consolidated Balance Sheet
Total assets for reportable segments	7,961	7,749
Total liabilities for reportable segments	1,770	1,567
Europe Materials Solutions | Operating segments
Segment information - Consolidated Balance Sheet
Total assets for reportable segments	10,983	10,947
Total liabilities for reportable segments	4,096	3,522
Europe Building Solutions | Operating segments
Segment information - Consolidated Balance Sheet
Total assets for reportable segments	2,390	2,193
Total liabilities for reportable segments	$ 954	$ 886

Segment information - Summary_4

Segment information - Summary of Operating Segments Disclosures - Additions to long-lived assets (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Segment information - Consolidated Balance Sheet
Total property, plant and equipment additions	$ 1,878	$ 1,533	$ 1,540
Americas Materials Solutions
Segment information - Consolidated Balance Sheet
Total property, plant and equipment additions	854	715	727
Americas Building Solutions
Segment information - Consolidated Balance Sheet
Total property, plant and equipment additions	360	259	206
Europe Materials Solutions
Segment information - Consolidated Balance Sheet
Total property, plant and equipment additions	553	460	510
Europe Building Solutions
Segment information - Consolidated Balance Sheet
Total property, plant and equipment additions	$ 111	$ 99	$ 97

Segment information - Summary_5

Segment information - Summary of Information About Geographical Areas - Long-lived assets and other intangible assets (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Segment information - Consolidated Balance Sheet
Total long-lived assets by geographical area	$ 19,133	$ 18,943
Republic of Ireland
Segment information - Consolidated Balance Sheet
Total long-lived assets by geographical area	421	487
United Kingdom
Segment information - Consolidated Balance Sheet
Total long-lived assets by geographical area	1,786	1,691
United States
Segment information - Consolidated Balance Sheet
Total long-lived assets by geographical area	10,821	10,916
Other
Segment information - Consolidated Balance Sheet
Total long-lived assets by geographical area	$ 6,105	$ 5,849

Pension and other postretirem_3

Pension and other postretirement benefits - Narrative (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
OPEB
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Funded status	$ 105	$ 100
Benefit obligation	105	100	$ 129
United States | Pension Plans
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Funded status	47	51
Benefit obligation	496	497	677
Non-U.S. | OPEB
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Benefit obligation	11	11
Non-U.S. | Pension Plans
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Funded status	(110)	(211)
Benefit obligation	$ 2,414	2,105	$ 3,136
Equity instruments | Minimum | United States
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Target allocation ranges	10%
Equity instruments | Minimum | United States | Pension Plans
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Target allocation ranges	10%
Equity instruments | Minimum | Non-U.S. | Pension Plans
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Target allocation ranges	15%
Equity instruments | Minimum | Republic of Ireland
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Target allocation ranges	10%
Equity instruments | Minimum | Switzerland
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Target allocation ranges	25%
Equity instruments | Maximum | United States
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Target allocation ranges	30%
Equity instruments | Maximum | United States | Pension Plans
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Target allocation ranges	30%
Equity instruments | Maximum | Non-U.S. | Pension Plans
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Target allocation ranges	25%
Equity instruments | Maximum | Republic of Ireland
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Target allocation ranges	20%
Equity instruments | Maximum | Switzerland
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Target allocation ranges	35%
Debt instrument | Minimum | United States
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Target allocation ranges	65%
Debt instrument | Minimum | United States | Pension Plans
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Target allocation ranges	65%
Debt instrument | Minimum | Non-U.S. | Pension Plans
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Target allocation ranges	20%
Debt instrument | Minimum | Republic of Ireland
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Target allocation ranges	45%
Debt instrument | Minimum | Switzerland
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Target allocation ranges	25%
Debt instrument | Maximum | United States
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Target allocation ranges	85%
Debt instrument | Maximum | United States | Pension Plans
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Target allocation ranges	85%
Debt instrument | Maximum | Non-U.S. | Pension Plans
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Target allocation ranges	35%
Debt instrument | Maximum | Republic of Ireland
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Target allocation ranges	55%
Debt instrument | Maximum | Switzerland
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Target allocation ranges	55%
Real estate | United States | Pension Plans
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Target allocation ranges	0%
Real estate | Minimum | Non-U.S. | Pension Plans
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Target allocation ranges	5%
Real estate | Maximum | Non-U.S. | Pension Plans
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Target allocation ranges	10%
Other | United States | Pension Plans
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Target allocation ranges	0%
Other | Minimum | Non-U.S. | Pension Plans
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Target allocation ranges	0%
Other | Maximum | Non-U.S. | Pension Plans
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Target allocation ranges	10%
Defined Benefit Plan, Funded Plan
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Funded status	$ (218)	(298)
Defined Benefit Plan, Unfunded Plan
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Funded status	$ 260	$ 238

Pension and other postretirem_4

Pension and other postretirement benefits - Schedule of Funded Status of Plans and Amounts Recognized (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Pension Plans | U.S.
Change in benefit obligation:
Benefit obligation at beginning of year	$ 497	$ 677
Service cost	1	2	$ 3
Interest cost	24	18	19
Amendments	0	2
Actuarial losses and (gains)	9	(153)
Benefits paid	(35)	(35)
Plan participant contributions	0	0
Settlements	0	0
Net transfer out (including the effect of any business combinations/divestitures)	0	(14)
Foreign currency rate changes	0	0
Benefit obligation at end of year	496	497	677
Change in plan assets
Fair value of plan assets at beginning of year	446	601
Actual gain (loss) on plan assets	37	(122)
Employer contributions	1	2
Plan participant contributions	0	0
Benefits paid	(35)	(35)
Settlements	0	0
Foreign currency rate changes	0	0
Fair value of plan assets at end of year	449	446	601
Reconciliation of funded status:
Fair value of plan assets	449	446	601
Benefit obligation	496	497	677
Funded status	(47)	(51)
Accumulated Benefit Obligation	496	497
Amounts recognized in the Consolidated Balance Sheets:
Noncurrent assets	0	0
Current liabilities	(2)	(2)
Noncurrent liabilities	(45)	(49)
Liabilities held for sale	0	0
Funded status at end of year	(47)	(51)
Accumulated other comprehensive loss
Net actuarial (gain) loss	(68)	(79)
Prior service cost (credit)	(1)	(1)
Total accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income	(69)	(80)
Pension Plans | Non-U.S.
Change in benefit obligation:
Benefit obligation at beginning of year	2,105	3,136
Service cost	31	55	63
Interest cost	86	43	40
Amendments	(1)	(2)
Actuarial losses and (gains)	178	(831)
Benefits paid	(89)	(101)
Plan participant contributions	9	9
Settlements	(4)	(6)
Net transfer out (including the effect of any business combinations/divestitures)	0	(11)
Foreign currency rate changes	99	(187)
Benefit obligation at end of year	2,414	2,105	3,136
Change in plan assets
Fair value of plan assets at beginning of year	2,316	3,015
Actual gain (loss) on plan assets	143	(467)
Employer contributions	38	36
Plan participant contributions	9	9
Benefits paid	(89)	(101)
Settlements	(4)	(6)
Foreign currency rate changes	111	(170)
Fair value of plan assets at end of year	2,524	2,316	3,015
Reconciliation of funded status:
Fair value of plan assets	2,524	2,316	3,015
Benefit obligation	2,414	2,105	3,136
Funded status	110	211
Accumulated Benefit Obligation	2,349	2,074
Amounts recognized in the Consolidated Balance Sheets:
Noncurrent assets	271	347
Current liabilities	(4)	(7)
Noncurrent liabilities	(111)	(129)
Liabilities held for sale	(46)	0
Funded status at end of year	110	211
Accumulated other comprehensive loss
Net actuarial (gain) loss	(225)	(97)
Prior service cost (credit)	92	95
Total accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income	(133)	(2)
OPEB
Change in benefit obligation:
Benefit obligation at beginning of year	100	129
Service cost	2	3	4
Interest cost	5	3	4
Amendments	0	0
Actuarial losses and (gains)	3	(32)
Benefits paid	(5)	(5)
Plan participant contributions	0	0
Settlements	0	0
Net transfer out (including the effect of any business combinations/divestitures)	0	0
Foreign currency rate changes	0	2
Benefit obligation at end of year	105	100	129
Change in plan assets
Fair value of plan assets at beginning of year	0	0
Actual gain (loss) on plan assets	0	0
Employer contributions	5	5
Plan participant contributions	0	0
Benefits paid	(5)	(5)
Settlements	0	0
Foreign currency rate changes	0	0
Fair value of plan assets at end of year	0	0	0
Reconciliation of funded status:
Fair value of plan assets	0	0	0
Benefit obligation	105	100	$ 129
Funded status	(105)	(100)
Accumulated Benefit Obligation
Amounts recognized in the Consolidated Balance Sheets:
Noncurrent assets	0	0
Current liabilities	(6)	(6)
Noncurrent liabilities	(98)	(94)
Liabilities held for sale	(1)	0
Funded status at end of year	(105)	(100)
Accumulated other comprehensive loss
Net actuarial (gain) loss	35	40
Prior service cost (credit)	3	3
Total accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income	38	43
OPEB | Non-U.S.
Change in benefit obligation:
Benefit obligation at beginning of year	11
Benefit obligation at end of year	11	11
Reconciliation of funded status:
Benefit obligation	$ 11	$ 11

Pension and other postretirem_5

Pension and other postretirement benefits - Schedule of Pension Plans where Accumulated Benefit Obligation (“ABO”) Projected Benefit Obligation (“PBO”) Exceeds the Fair Value of Respective Plan Assets (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
United States | Pension Plans
Pension plans with projected benefit obligations in excess of plan assets:
Projected benefit obligation	$ 496	$ 497
Fair value of plan assets	449	446
Plans with accumulated postretirement benefit obligations in excess of plan assets:
Accumulated benefit obligation	496	497
Fair value of plan assets	449	446
United States | OPEB
Plans with accumulated postretirement benefit obligations in excess of plan assets:
Accumulated benefit obligation	0	0
Fair value of plan assets	0	0
Non-U.S. | Pension Plans
Pension plans with projected benefit obligations in excess of plan assets:
Projected benefit obligation	580	512
Fair value of plan assets	421	378
Plans with accumulated postretirement benefit obligations in excess of plan assets:
Accumulated benefit obligation	527	503
Fair value of plan assets	394	374
Non-U.S. | OPEB
Plans with accumulated postretirement benefit obligations in excess of plan assets:
Accumulated benefit obligation	9	8
Fair value of plan assets	$ 0	$ 0

Pension and other postretirem_6

Pension and other postretirement benefits - Impact on Consolidated Statements of Income (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Total defined contribution expense	$ 320	$ 307	$ 288
Total defined benefit expense	31	30	61
Continuing Operations [Member]
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Total expense within the Consolidated Statements of Income	$ 351	$ 337	$ 349

Pension and other postretirem_7

Pension and other postretirement benefits - Components of Net Periodic Benefit Cost (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Amortization of:
Net periodic benefit cost (income)	$ 31	$ 30	$ 61
Pension Plans | United States
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Service cost	1	2	3
Interest cost	24	18	19
Expected return on assets	(20)	(30)	(37)
Amortization of:
Prior service cost (credit)	0	1	0
Actuarial loss (gain)	3	2	4
Curtailment loss (gain)	0	3	0
Settlement loss (gain)	0	0	17
Net periodic benefit cost (income)	8	(4)	6
Pension Plans | Non-U.S.
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Service cost	31	55	63
Interest cost	86	43	40
Expected return on assets	(91)	(72)	(71)
Amortization of:
Prior service cost (credit)	(11)	(11)	(11)
Actuarial loss (gain)	4	15	26
Curtailment loss (gain)	0	0	0
Settlement loss (gain)	1	(2)	1
Net periodic benefit cost (income)	20	28	48
OPEB Plans
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Service cost	2	3	4
Interest cost	5	3	4
Expected return on assets	0	0	0
Amortization of:
Prior service cost (credit)	0	0	(1)
Actuarial loss (gain)	(3)	0	0
Curtailment loss (gain)	(1)	0	0
Settlement loss (gain)	0	0	0
Net periodic benefit cost (income)	3	6	7
OPEB Plans | Non-U.S.
Amortization of:
Net periodic benefit cost (income)	$ 0	$ 1	$ 1

Pension and other postretirem_8

Pension and other postretirement benefits - Changes in Plan Assets and Benefit Obligations Recognized in Other Comprehensive Income (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
OPEB Plans
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Net actuarial (loss) gain	$ 3	$ (32)	$ (19)
Prior service cost (credit)	0	0	(1)
Amortization or curtailment recognition of prior service (cost) credit	0	0	1
Amortization or settlement recognition of net (loss) gain	3	0	0
Foreign currency exchange effects	0	0	0
Total accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income	6	(32)	(19)
Amount recognized in net periodic pension benefit cost (income) and other comprehensive (income) loss	9	(26)	(12)
United States | Pension Plans
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Net actuarial (loss) gain	(8)	(1)	(7)
Prior service cost (credit)	0	2	1
Amortization or curtailment recognition of prior service (cost) credit	0	(4)	0
Amortization or settlement recognition of net (loss) gain	(3)	(2)	(21)
Foreign currency exchange effects	0	0	0
Total accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income	(11)	(5)	(27)
Amount recognized in net periodic pension benefit cost (income) and other comprehensive (income) loss	(3)	(9)	(21)
Non-U.S. | Pension Plans
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Net actuarial (loss) gain	126	(292)	(181)
Prior service cost (credit)	(1)	(2)	(1)
Amortization or curtailment recognition of prior service (cost) credit	11	11	11
Amortization or settlement recognition of net (loss) gain	(4)	(13)	(27)
Foreign currency exchange effects	(2)	(27)	(29)
Total accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income	130	(323)	(227)
Amount recognized in net periodic pension benefit cost (income) and other comprehensive (income) loss	150	(295)	(179)
Non-U.S. | OPEB Plans
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Total accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income	$ 1	$ (2)	$ (2)

Pension and other postretirem_9

Pension and other postretirement benefits - Schedule of Weighted Average Assumptions (Details)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
OPEB Plans
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Discount rate	5.08%	2.59%	2.18%
Rate of compensation increase	2.80%	2.22%	2.37%
United States | Pension Plans
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Discount rate	5.20%	2.70%	2.25%
Rate of compensation increase		3.50%	3.50%
Expected long‐term rate of return on plan assets	5.50%	5.50%	5.50%
Non-U.S. | Pension Plans
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Discount rate	4.13%	1.54%	1.23%
Rate of compensation increase	3.22%	2.74%	2.39%
Expected long‐term rate of return on plan assets	4.04%	2.54%	2.51%
Interest crediting rates	1.50%	2.25%	1.25%

Pension and other postretire_10

Pension and other postretirement benefits - Schedule of Weighted Average Assumptions Used to Determine Benefit Obligation (Details)	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Pension Plans | United States
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Discount rate	4.95%	5.20%
Pension Plans | Non-U.S.
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Discount rate	3.49%	4.13%
Rate of compensation increase	3.22%	3.22%
OPEB Plans
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Discount rate	4.86%	5.08%
Rate of compensation increase	2.75%	2.80%

Pension and other postretire_11

Pension and other postretirement benefits - Schedule of Target Allocation Ranges (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
United States | Equity instruments | Minimum
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Target allocation ranges	10%
United States | Equity instruments | Maximum
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Target allocation ranges	30%
United States | Debt instrument | Minimum
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Target allocation ranges	65%
United States | Debt instrument | Maximum
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Target allocation ranges	85%
United States | Pension Plans
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Fair value of plan assets	$ 449	$ 446	$ 601
United States | Pension Plans | Cash and cash equivalents
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Target allocation ranges	0%
Fair value of plan assets	$ 3	4
United States | Pension Plans | Equity instruments
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Fair value of plan assets	$ 90	83
United States | Pension Plans | Equity instruments | Minimum
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Target allocation ranges	10%
United States | Pension Plans | Equity instruments | Maximum
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Target allocation ranges	30%
United States | Pension Plans | Equity instruments | Developed markets
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Fair value of plan assets	$ 79	73
United States | Pension Plans | Equity instruments | Developed markets | Minimum
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Target allocation ranges	10%
United States | Pension Plans | Equity instruments | Developed markets | Maximum
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Target allocation ranges	30%
United States | Pension Plans | Equity instruments | Emerging markets
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Fair value of plan assets	$ 11	10
United States | Pension Plans | Equity instruments | Emerging markets | Minimum
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Target allocation ranges	10%
United States | Pension Plans | Equity instruments | Emerging markets | Maximum
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Target allocation ranges	30%
United States | Pension Plans | Debt instrument
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Fair value of plan assets	$ 341	317
United States | Pension Plans | Debt instrument | Minimum
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Target allocation ranges	65%
United States | Pension Plans | Debt instrument | Maximum
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Target allocation ranges	85%
United States | Pension Plans | Debt instrument | Non-government debt instruments | Minimum
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Target allocation ranges	65%
United States | Pension Plans | Debt instrument | Non-government debt instruments | Maximum
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Target allocation ranges	85%
United States | Pension Plans | Debt instrument | Government fixed interest instruments | Minimum
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Target allocation ranges	65%
United States | Pension Plans | Debt instrument | Government fixed interest instruments | Maximum
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Target allocation ranges	85%
United States | Pension Plans | Real estate
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Target allocation ranges	0%
Fair value of plan assets	$ 0	0
United States | Pension Plans | Derivatives
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Target allocation ranges	0%
Fair value of plan assets	$ 0	0
United States | Pension Plans | Investment funds
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Fair value of plan assets	$ 11	34
United States | Pension Plans | Investment funds | Minimum
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Target allocation ranges	0%
United States | Pension Plans | Investment funds | Maximum
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Target allocation ranges	15%
United States | Pension Plans | Assets held by insurance company
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Target allocation ranges	0%
Fair value of plan assets	$ 0	0
United States | Pension Plans | Other
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Target allocation ranges	0%
Fair value of plan assets	$ 4	8
Non-U.S. | Pension Plans
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Fair value of plan assets	2,524	2,316	$ 3,015
Non-U.S. | Pension Plans | Cash and cash equivalents
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Fair value of plan assets	$ 65	53
Non-U.S. | Pension Plans | Cash and cash equivalents | Minimum
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Target allocation ranges	0%
Non-U.S. | Pension Plans | Cash and cash equivalents | Maximum
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Target allocation ranges	5%
Non-U.S. | Pension Plans | Equity instruments
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Fair value of plan assets	$ 518	501
Non-U.S. | Pension Plans | Equity instruments | Minimum
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Target allocation ranges	15%
Non-U.S. | Pension Plans | Equity instruments | Maximum
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Target allocation ranges	25%
Non-U.S. | Pension Plans | Equity instruments | Developed markets
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Fair value of plan assets	$ 486	470
Non-U.S. | Pension Plans | Equity instruments | Developed markets | Minimum
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Target allocation ranges	15%
Non-U.S. | Pension Plans | Equity instruments | Developed markets | Maximum
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Target allocation ranges	22%
Non-U.S. | Pension Plans | Equity instruments | Emerging markets
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Fair value of plan assets	$ 32	31
Non-U.S. | Pension Plans | Equity instruments | Emerging markets | Minimum
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Target allocation ranges	1%
Non-U.S. | Pension Plans | Equity instruments | Emerging markets | Maximum
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Target allocation ranges	2%
Non-U.S. | Pension Plans | Debt instrument
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Fair value of plan assets	$ 1,489	1,324
Non-U.S. | Pension Plans | Debt instrument | Minimum
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Target allocation ranges	20%
Non-U.S. | Pension Plans | Debt instrument | Maximum
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Target allocation ranges	35%
Non-U.S. | Pension Plans | Debt instrument | Non-government debt instruments | Minimum
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Target allocation ranges	11%
Non-U.S. | Pension Plans | Debt instrument | Non-government debt instruments | Maximum
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Target allocation ranges	18%
Non-U.S. | Pension Plans | Debt instrument | Government fixed interest instruments | Minimum
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Target allocation ranges	17%
Non-U.S. | Pension Plans | Debt instrument | Government fixed interest instruments | Maximum
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Target allocation ranges	32%
Non-U.S. | Pension Plans | Debt instrument | Government inflation-protected bonds | Minimum
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Target allocation ranges	31%
Non-U.S. | Pension Plans | Debt instrument | Government inflation-protected bonds | Maximum
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Target allocation ranges	40%
Non-U.S. | Pension Plans | Debt instrument | Asset-backed securities | Minimum
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Target allocation ranges	4%
Non-U.S. | Pension Plans | Debt instrument | Asset-backed securities | Maximum
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Target allocation ranges	10%
Non-U.S. | Pension Plans | Debt instrument | Inflation-protected bonds | Minimum
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Target allocation ranges	4%
Non-U.S. | Pension Plans | Debt instrument | Inflation-protected bonds | Maximum
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Target allocation ranges	10%
Non-U.S. | Pension Plans | Debt instrument | Structured debt | Minimum
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Target allocation ranges	4%
Non-U.S. | Pension Plans | Debt instrument | Structured debt | Maximum
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Target allocation ranges	10%
Non-U.S. | Pension Plans | Real estate
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Fair value of plan assets	$ 193	194
Non-U.S. | Pension Plans | Real estate | Minimum
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Target allocation ranges	5%
Non-U.S. | Pension Plans | Real estate | Maximum
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Target allocation ranges	10%
Non-U.S. | Pension Plans | Derivatives
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Fair value of plan assets	$ 14	7
Non-U.S. | Pension Plans | Derivatives | Minimum
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Target allocation ranges	0%
Non-U.S. | Pension Plans | Derivatives | Maximum
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Target allocation ranges	5%
Non-U.S. | Pension Plans | Investment funds
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Fair value of plan assets	$ 98	88
Non-U.S. | Pension Plans | Investment funds | Minimum
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Target allocation ranges	0%
Non-U.S. | Pension Plans | Investment funds | Maximum
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Target allocation ranges	5%
Non-U.S. | Pension Plans | Assets held by insurance company
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Fair value of plan assets	$ 119	115
Non-U.S. | Pension Plans | Assets held by insurance company | Minimum
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Target allocation ranges	0%
Non-U.S. | Pension Plans | Assets held by insurance company | Maximum
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Target allocation ranges	5%
Non-U.S. | Pension Plans | Other
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Fair value of plan assets	$ 28	$ 34
Non-U.S. | Pension Plans | Other | Minimum
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Target allocation ranges	0%
Non-U.S. | Pension Plans | Other | Maximum
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Target allocation ranges	10%

Pension and other postretire_12

Pension and other postretirement benefits - Schedule of Fair Value of Plan Assets (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
United States | Pension Plans
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Fair value of plan assets	$ 449	$ 446	$ 601
Non-U.S. | Pension Plans
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Fair value of plan assets	2,524	2,316	3,015
Level 1 | United States | Pension Plans
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Fair value of plan assets	14	30
Level 1 | Non-U.S. | Pension Plans
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Fair value of plan assets	2,017	2,074
Level 2 | United States | Pension Plans
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Fair value of plan assets	431	397
Level 2 | Non-U.S. | Pension Plans
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Fair value of plan assets	368	110
Level 3 | United States
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Fair value of plan assets	4	19	20
Level 3 | United States | Pension Plans
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Fair value of plan assets	4	19
Level 3 | Non-U.S.
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Fair value of plan assets	139	132	174
Level 3 | Non-U.S. | Pension Plans
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Fair value of plan assets	139	132
Cash and cash equivalents | United States | Pension Plans
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Fair value of plan assets	3	4
Cash and cash equivalents | Non-U.S. | Pension Plans
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Fair value of plan assets	65	53
Cash and cash equivalents | Level 1 | United States | Pension Plans
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Fair value of plan assets	3	4
Cash and cash equivalents | Level 1 | Non-U.S. | Pension Plans
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Fair value of plan assets	50	53
Cash and cash equivalents | Level 2 | United States | Pension Plans
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Fair value of plan assets	0	0
Cash and cash equivalents | Level 2 | Non-U.S. | Pension Plans
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Fair value of plan assets	15	0
Cash and cash equivalents | Level 3 | United States | Pension Plans
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Fair value of plan assets	0	0
Cash and cash equivalents | Level 3 | Non-U.S. | Pension Plans
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Fair value of plan assets	0	0
Equity instruments | United States | Pension Plans
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Fair value of plan assets	90	83
Equity instruments | United States | Pension Plans | Developed markets
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Fair value of plan assets	79	73
Equity instruments | United States | Pension Plans | Emerging markets
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Fair value of plan assets	11	10
Equity instruments | Non-U.S. | Pension Plans
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Fair value of plan assets	518	501
Equity instruments | Non-U.S. | Pension Plans | Developed markets
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Fair value of plan assets	486	470
Equity instruments | Non-U.S. | Pension Plans | Emerging markets
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Fair value of plan assets	32	31
Equity instruments | Level 1 | United States | Pension Plans
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Fair value of plan assets	0	0
Equity instruments | Level 1 | Non-U.S. | Pension Plans
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Fair value of plan assets	462	435
Equity instruments | Level 2 | United States | Pension Plans
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Fair value of plan assets	90	83
Equity instruments | Level 2 | Non-U.S. | Pension Plans
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Fair value of plan assets	56	66
Equity instruments | Level 3 | United States | Pension Plans
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Fair value of plan assets	0	0
Equity instruments | Level 3 | Non-U.S. | Pension Plans
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Fair value of plan assets	0	0
Debt instrument | United States | Pension Plans
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Fair value of plan assets	341	317
Debt instrument | United States | Pension Plans | Non-government debt instruments
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Fair value of plan assets	233	189
Debt instrument | United States | Pension Plans | Government fixed interest instruments
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Fair value of plan assets	108	128
Debt instrument | Non-U.S. | Pension Plans
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Fair value of plan assets	1,489	1,324
Debt instrument | Non-U.S. | Pension Plans | Non-government debt instruments
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Fair value of plan assets	251	197
Debt instrument | Non-U.S. | Pension Plans | Government fixed interest instruments
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Fair value of plan assets	400	437
Debt instrument | Non-U.S. | Pension Plans | Inflation-protected bonds
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Fair value of plan assets	41
Debt instrument | Non-U.S. | Pension Plans | Government inflation-protected bonds
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Fair value of plan assets	763	663
Debt instrument | Non-U.S. | Pension Plans | Asset-backed securities
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Fair value of plan assets	34	27
Debt instrument | Level 1 | United States | Pension Plans
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Fair value of plan assets	0	3
Debt instrument | Level 1 | Non-U.S. | Pension Plans
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Fair value of plan assets	1,310	1,288
Debt instrument | Level 2 | United States | Pension Plans
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Fair value of plan assets	341	314
Debt instrument | Level 2 | Non-U.S. | Pension Plans
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Fair value of plan assets	179	36
Debt instrument | Level 3 | United States | Pension Plans
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Fair value of plan assets	0	0
Debt instrument | Level 3 | Non-U.S. | Pension Plans
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Fair value of plan assets	0	0
Real estate | United States | Pension Plans
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Fair value of plan assets	0	0
Real estate | Non-U.S. | Pension Plans
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Fair value of plan assets	193	194
Real estate | Level 1 | United States | Pension Plans
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Fair value of plan assets	0	0
Real estate | Level 1 | Non-U.S. | Pension Plans
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Fair value of plan assets	97	181
Real estate | Level 2 | United States | Pension Plans
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Fair value of plan assets	0	0
Real estate | Level 2 | Non-U.S. | Pension Plans
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Fair value of plan assets	82	0
Real estate | Level 3 | United States | Pension Plans
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Fair value of plan assets	0	0
Real estate | Level 3 | Non-U.S.
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Fair value of plan assets	14	13	17
Real estate | Level 3 | Non-U.S. | Pension Plans
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Fair value of plan assets	14	13
Derivatives | United States | Pension Plans
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Fair value of plan assets	0	0
Derivatives | Non-U.S. | Pension Plans
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Fair value of plan assets	14	7
Derivatives | Level 1 | United States | Pension Plans
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Fair value of plan assets	0	0
Derivatives | Level 1 | Non-U.S. | Pension Plans
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Fair value of plan assets	12	12
Derivatives | Level 2 | United States | Pension Plans
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Fair value of plan assets	0	0
Derivatives | Level 2 | Non-U.S. | Pension Plans
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Fair value of plan assets	2	(5)
Derivatives | Level 3 | United States | Pension Plans
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Fair value of plan assets	0	0
Derivatives | Level 3 | Non-U.S. | Pension Plans
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Fair value of plan assets	0	0
Investment funds | United States | Pension Plans
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Fair value of plan assets	11	34
Investment funds | Non-U.S. | Pension Plans
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Fair value of plan assets	98	88
Investment funds | Level 1 | United States | Pension Plans
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Fair value of plan assets	11	23
Investment funds | Level 1 | Non-U.S. | Pension Plans
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Fair value of plan assets	85	77
Investment funds | Level 2 | United States | Pension Plans
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Fair value of plan assets	0	0
Investment funds | Level 2 | Non-U.S. | Pension Plans
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Fair value of plan assets	13	11
Investment funds | Level 3 | United States
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Fair value of plan assets	0	11	11
Investment funds | Level 3 | United States | Pension Plans
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Fair value of plan assets	0	11
Investment funds | Level 3 | Non-U.S. | Pension Plans
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Fair value of plan assets	0	0
Assets held by insurance company | United States | Pension Plans
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Fair value of plan assets	0	0
Assets held by insurance company | Non-U.S. | Pension Plans
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Fair value of plan assets	119	115
Assets held by insurance company | Level 1 | United States | Pension Plans
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Fair value of plan assets	0	0
Assets held by insurance company | Level 1 | Non-U.S. | Pension Plans
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Fair value of plan assets	0	0
Assets held by insurance company | Level 2 | United States | Pension Plans
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Fair value of plan assets	0	0
Assets held by insurance company | Level 2 | Non-U.S. | Pension Plans
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Fair value of plan assets	2	2
Assets held by insurance company | Level 3 | United States | Pension Plans
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Fair value of plan assets	0	0
Assets held by insurance company | Level 3 | Non-U.S.
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Fair value of plan assets	117	113	152
Assets held by insurance company | Level 3 | Non-U.S. | Pension Plans
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Fair value of plan assets	117	113
Other | United States | Pension Plans
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Fair value of plan assets	4	8
Other | Non-U.S. | Pension Plans
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Fair value of plan assets	28	34
Other | Level 1 | United States | Pension Plans
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Fair value of plan assets	0	0
Other | Level 1 | Non-U.S. | Pension Plans
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Fair value of plan assets	1	28
Other | Level 2 | United States | Pension Plans
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Fair value of plan assets	0	0
Other | Level 2 | Non-U.S. | Pension Plans
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Fair value of plan assets	19	0
Other | Level 3 | United States
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Fair value of plan assets	4	8	9
Other | Level 3 | United States | Pension Plans
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Fair value of plan assets	4	8
Other | Level 3 | Non-U.S.
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Fair value of plan assets	8	6	$ 5
Other | Level 3 | Non-U.S. | Pension Plans
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Fair value of plan assets	$ 8	$ 6

Pension and other postretire_13

Pension and other postretirement benefits - Schedule of Level 3 Reconciliation for Pension Plans by Asset (Details) - Level 3 - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
United States
Change in plan assets
Fair value of plan assets at beginning of year	$ 19	$ 20
Actual return on plan assets, relating to assets still held at reporting date	1	0
Purchases, sales and settlements	(1)	(1)
Transfer (out of) Level 3	(15)
Change due to exchange rate changes	0	0
Fair value of plan assets at end of year	4	19
United States | Investment funds
Change in plan assets
Fair value of plan assets at beginning of year	11	11
Actual return on plan assets, relating to assets still held at reporting date	0	0
Purchases, sales and settlements	0	0
Transfer (out of) Level 3	(11)
Change due to exchange rate changes	0	0
Fair value of plan assets at end of year	0	11
United States | Other
Change in plan assets
Fair value of plan assets at beginning of year	8	9
Actual return on plan assets, relating to assets still held at reporting date	1	0
Purchases, sales and settlements	(1)	(1)
Transfer (out of) Level 3	(4)
Change due to exchange rate changes	0	0
Fair value of plan assets at end of year	4	8
Non-U.S.
Change in plan assets
Fair value of plan assets at beginning of year	132	174
Actual return on plan assets, relating to assets still held at reporting date	13	(31)
Purchases, sales and settlements	(10)	0
Transfer (out of) Level 3	0
Change due to exchange rate changes	4	(11)
Fair value of plan assets at end of year	139	132
Non-U.S. | Real estate
Change in plan assets
Fair value of plan assets at beginning of year	13	17
Actual return on plan assets, relating to assets still held at reporting date	0	(2)
Purchases, sales and settlements	0	0
Transfer (out of) Level 3	0
Change due to exchange rate changes	1	(2)
Fair value of plan assets at end of year	14	13
Non-U.S. | Assets held by insurance company
Change in plan assets
Fair value of plan assets at beginning of year	113	152
Actual return on plan assets, relating to assets still held at reporting date	11	(31)
Purchases, sales and settlements	(10)	0
Transfer (out of) Level 3	0
Change due to exchange rate changes	3	(8)
Fair value of plan assets at end of year	117	113
Non-U.S. | Other
Change in plan assets
Fair value of plan assets at beginning of year	6	5
Actual return on plan assets, relating to assets still held at reporting date	2	2
Purchases, sales and settlements	0	0
Transfer (out of) Level 3	0
Change due to exchange rate changes	0	(1)
Fair value of plan assets at end of year	$ 8	$ 6

Pension and other postretire_14

Pension and other postretirement benefits - Schedule of Assumed Healthcare Cost Trend Rates (Details) - Pension Plans	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Healthcare cost trend rate assumed for next year	6.85%	1.76%	5.91%
Rate to which the cost trend rate gradually declines	3.70%	3.70%	3.60%
Year the rate reaches the ultimate rate	2090	2090	2074

Pension and other postretire_15

Pension and other postretirement benefits - Schedule of Expected Future Benefit Payments (Details) $ in Millions	Dec. 31, 2023 USD ($)
OPEB
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
2024	$ 6
2025	6
2026	6
2027	6
2028	6
2029-2033	34
Employer contributions	6
United States | Pension Plans
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
2024	36
2025	37
2026	37
2027	37
2028	36
2029-2033	176
Employer contributions	2
Non-U.S. | Pension Plans
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
2024	100
2025	104
2026	107
2027	111
2028	114
2029-2033	598
Employer contributions	$ 37

Variable interest entities - Na

Variable interest entities - Narrative (Details)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023
Equity share capital | Variable Interest Entity, Primary Beneficiary
Variable Interest Entity [Line Items]
Variable interest entity, ownership percentage	40%
Share of earnings and distributions | Variable Interest Entity, Primary Beneficiary
Variable Interest Entity [Line Items]
Variable interest entity, ownership percentage	55%
VIE (“Philippines Business”) | Equity share capital
Variable Interest Entity [Line Items]
Subsidiary, ownership percentage, noncontrolling owner	60%
VIE (“Philippines Business”) | Share of earnings and distributions
Variable Interest Entity [Line Items]
Subsidiary, ownership percentage, noncontrolling owner	45%

Variable interest entities - Sc

Variable interest entities - Schedule of carrying amount of assets and liabilities (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Assets
Cash and cash equivalents	$ 6,341	$ 5,936	$ 5,783
Accounts receivable, net	4,507	4,300
Inventories	4,291	4,194
Other current assets	478	403
Total current assets	16,885	14,833
Property, plant and equipment, net	17,841	17,768
Goodwill	9,158	9,199	$ 9,451
Operating lease right-of-use assets, net	1,292	1,175
Other noncurrent assets	632	607
Total assets	47,469	45,319
Liabilities
Accounts payable	3,149	2,930
Accrued expenses	2,296	2,132
Current portion of long-term debt	1,759	1,397
Operating lease liabilities	255	238
Other current liabilities	2,072	1,250
Total current liabilities	10,013	8,041
Long-term debt	11,535	9,542
Deferred income tax liabilities	2,738	2,885
Noncurrent operating lease liabilities	1,125	1,000
Other noncurrent liabilities	2,196	2,208
Total liabilities	25,848	22,279
Variable Interest Entity, Primary Beneficiary
Assets
Cash and cash equivalents	19	34
Accounts receivable, net	31	34
Inventories	99	149
Other current assets	51	48
Total current assets	200	265
Property, plant and equipment, net	923	954
Goodwill	200	495
Operating lease right-of-use assets, net	5	6
Other noncurrent assets	11	7
Total assets	1,339	1,727
Liabilities
Accounts payable	92	118
Accrued expenses	36	48
Current portion of long-term debt	98	72
Operating lease liabilities	1	1
Other current liabilities	25	28
Total current liabilities	252	267
Long-term debt	297	347
Deferred income tax liabilities	106	108
Noncurrent operating lease liabilities	5	5
Other noncurrent liabilities	17	15
Total liabilities	$ 677	$ 742

Variable interest entities - _2

Variable interest entities - Schedule of results of variable interest entities (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Variable Interest Entity [Line Items]
Gross profit	$ 11,963	$ 10,815	$ 9,827
Net (loss) income	3,178	3,862	2,630
Net cash provided by operating activities	5,017	3,800	3,979
Variable Interest Entity, Primary Beneficiary
Variable Interest Entity [Line Items]
Total revenues	446	544	616
Total cost of revenues	(416)	(479)	(487)
Gross profit	30	65	129
Net (loss) income	(325)	(24)	61
Net cash provided by operating activities	$ 24	$ 12	$ 75

Redeemable noncontrolling int_3

Redeemable noncontrolling interest - Schedule of Noncontrolling Redeemable Equity Interest (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Increase (Decrease) in Temporary Equity [Roll Forward]
Beginning Balance	$ 308	$ 336	$ 322
Net income attributable to redeemable noncontrolling interests	28	27	22
Adjustment to the redemption value	24	(40)	18
Dividends paid	(27)	(15)	(26)
Ending Balance	$ 333	$ 308	$ 336

Commitment and contingencies -

Commitment and contingencies - Narrative (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Letter of credit
Other Commitments [Line Items]
Debt instrument, term	1 year	1 year
Financial guarantee
Other Commitments [Line Items]
Guarantor obligations	$ 11,300	$ 9,300
Financial standby letter of credit
Other Commitments [Line Items]
Guarantor obligations	$ 400	$ 400

Commitment and contingencies _2

Commitment and contingencies - Contractual Commitments (Details) $ in Millions	Dec. 31, 2023 USD ($)
Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]
2024	$ 1,216
Thereafter	887
Total contractual commitments	$ 2,103

Subsequent events (Details)

Subsequent events (Details)	Feb. 29, 2024 $ / shares
Subsequent event
Subsequent Event [Line Items]
Dividends, amount per share (USD per share)	$ 0.35