Debt | Debt 2018 Securities Purchase Agreement in Private Placement and Amendment to Warrants On March 26, 2018, the Company entered into a Securities Purchase Agreement (the “March 2018 Securities Purchase Agreement”) with certain accredited investors (the “March 2018 Purchasers”). Pursuant to the March 2018 Securities Purchase Agreement, the Company agreed to issue and sell to the March 2018 Purchasers, in a Private Placement (the “March 2018 Private Placement”), (1) convertible promissory notes in an aggregate principal amount of $120,500,000 (the “Notes”), and (2) warrants to purchase 8,591,794 shares of the common stock of the Company (the “Warrants”). On June 13, 2018, the Company entered into an amendment (the “June 2018 Amendment”) to the March 2018 Securities Purchase Agreement. Under the terms of the June 2018 Amendment, the Company and the March 2018 Purchasers agreed that the aggregate principal amount of the Notes was reduced to $37,848,750 and that the aggregate number of shares of Common Stock issuable upon exercise of the Warrants was reduced to 2,698,662, and also agreed to certain other adjustments to the threshold principal amount of the Notes required to remain outstanding in order for certain rights and obligations to apply to the Notes. On June 13, 2018, the Company issued and sold to the March 2018 Purchasers (1) Notes in an aggregate principal amount of $37,848,750, and (2) Warrants to purchase an aggregate of 2,698,662 shares of Common Stock. The Notes accrue interest at a rate equal to 5.0% per annum and mature upon the earlier to occur of June 13, 2023 and the date of the closing of a change of control (the “Maturity Date”). In connection with the issuance of the Notes and the Warrants, the Company recorded a debt discount of approximately $21.6 million based on an allocation of proceeds to the Warrants of approximately $9.6 million and a beneficial conversion feature of approximately $12.0 million, before issuance costs. On November 7, 2018, the Company entered into an Agreement and Consent (the “Agreement and Consent”) with the March 2018 Purchasers and agreed to amend the Warrants to reduce the exercise price per share of its common stock thereunder from $8.77 to $3.28. The amendment of the Warrants resulted in a loss on debt extinguishment of $1.9 million representing the incremental fair value of the modified Warrants along with the difference between the fair value and carrying value of the Notes at the modification date of November 7, 2018. The Company determined that the amendment of the Warrants resulted in an extinguishment at the modification date. As a result, the Company recorded a loss on debt extinguishment for the difference between the fair value of $23.1 million and the carrying value of $17.0 million, or $6.1 million. The Company recorded the loss as of the date of modification, or November 7, 2018. As of September 30, 2019, the estimated Level 3 fair value of the Notes was approximately $17.6 million, compared to the carrying value of $25.2 million. The fair value of the Notes was estimated using a lattice model with Level 3 inputs including the historical stock price volatility, risk-free interest rate and debt yield. Borrowings under the Notes consisted of the following (in thousands): September 30, 2019 December 31, 2018 Face value of loan $ 37,849 $ 37,849 Unamortized debt discount (14,288) (14,804) Accretion of debt discount 1,684 515 Ending balance $ 25,245 $ 23,560 Interest expense recognized for stated interest on the Notes for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019 totaled $0.5 million and $1.4 million, respectively. The amount of debt discount and debt issuance costs included in interest expense for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019 was approximately $0.6 million and $1.7 million, respectively. The Company identified a number of embedded derivatives that require bifurcation from the Notes and separate accounting as a single compound derivative. The current fair value attributed to the bifurcated compound derivative is immaterial. The Company will re-evaluate this assessment each reporting period. 2018 Purchase Agreements and Indenture for Scilex On September 7, 2018, Scilex Pharma entered into Purchase Agreements (the “2018 Purchase Agreements”) with certain investors (collectively, the “Scilex Note Purchasers”) and the Company. Pursuant to the 2018 Purchase Agreements, on September 7, 2018, Scilex Pharma, among other things, issued and sold to the Scilex Note Purchasers senior secured notes due 2026 in an aggregate principal amount of $224.0 million (the “Scilex Notes”) for an aggregate purchase price of $140.0 million (the “Scilex Notes Offering”). In connection with the Scilex Notes Offering, Scilex Pharma also entered into an Indenture (the “Indenture”) governing the Scilex Notes with U.S. Bank National Association, a national banking association, as trustee (the “Trustee”) and collateral agent (the “Collateral Agent”), and the Company. Pursuant to the Indenture, the Company agreed to irrevocably and unconditionally guarantee, on a senior unsecured basis, the punctual performance and payment when due of all obligations of Scilex Pharma under the Indenture. The net proceeds of the Scilex Notes Offering were approximately $89.3 million, after deducting the Scilex Notes Offering expenses payable by Scilex Pharma and funding a segregated reserve account with $20.0 million (the “Reserve Account”) and a segregated collateral account with $25.0 million (the “Collateral Account”) pursuant to the terms of the Indenture. Funds in the Reserve Account will be released to Scilex Pharma upon receipt by the Trustee of an officer’s certificate under the Indenture from Scilex Pharma confirming receipt of a marketing approval letter from the FDA with respect to SP-103 (the “Marketing Approval Letter”) on or prior to July 1, 2023. Funds in the Collateral Account will be released upon receipt of a written consent authorizing such release from the holders of a majority in principal amount of the Scilex Notes issued, upon the occurrence and during the continuance of an event of default at the direction of the holders of a majority in principal amount of the Scilex Notes issued or upon the repayment in full of all amounts owed under the Scilex Notes. The holders of the Scilex Notes will be entitled to receive quarterly payments of principal of the Scilex Notes equal to a percentage, in the range of 10% to 20% of the net sales of ZTlido® (lidocaine topical system) 1.8% for the prior fiscal quarter, beginning on February 15, 2019. If Scilex Pharma has not received the Marketing Approval Letter by March 31, 2021, the percentage of net sales payable shall be increased to be in the range of 15% to 25%. If actual cumulative net sales of ZTlido® (lidocaine topical system) 1.8% from October 1, 2022 through September 30, 2023 are less than 60% of a predetermined target sales threshold for such period, then Scilex Pharma will be obligated to pay an additional installment of principal of the Scilex Notes each quarter in an amount equal to an amount to be determined by reference to the amount of such deficiency. The aggregate principal amount due under the Scilex Notes shall be increased by $28,000,000 on February 15, 2022 if actual cumulative net sales of ZTlido® (lidocaine topical system) 1.8% from the issue date of the Scilex Notes through December 31, 2021 do not equal or exceed 95% of a predetermined target sales threshold for such period. If actual cumulative net sales of ZTlido® (lidocaine topical system) 1.8% for the period from October 1, 2022 through September 30, 2023 do not equal or exceed 80% of a predetermined target sales threshold for such period, the aggregate principal amount shall also be increased on November 15, 2023 by an amount equal to an amount to be determined by reference to the amount of such deficiency. The final maturity date of the Scilex Notes will be August 15, 2026. The Scilex Notes may be redeemed in whole at any time upon 30 days’ written notice at Scilex Pharma's option prior to August 15, 2026 at a redemption price equal to 100% of the then-outstanding principal amount of the Scilex Notes. In addition, upon a change of control of Scilex Pharma (as defined in the Indenture), each holder of a Scilex Note shall have the right to require Scilex Pharma to repurchase all or any part of such holder’s Scilex Note at a repurchase price in cash equal to 101% of the then-outstanding principal amount thereof. Pursuant to the terms of the Indenture, the Company issued an irrevocable standby letter of credit to Scilex Pharma (the “Letter of Credit”), which provides that, in the event that (1) Scilex Pharma does not hold at least $35,000,000 in unrestricted cash as of the end of any calendar month during the term of the Scilex Notes, (2) actual cumulative net sales of ZTlido® (lidocaine topical system) 1.8% from the issue date of the Scilex Notes through December 31, 2021 are less than a specified sales threshold for such period, or (3) actual cumulative net sales of ZTlido® (lidocaine topical system) 1.8% for any calendar year during the term of the Scilex Notes, beginning with the 2022 calendar year, are less than a specified sales threshold for such calendar year, Scilex Pharma, as beneficiary of the Letter of Credit, will draw, and the Company will pay to Scilex Pharma, $35,000,000 in a single lump-sum amount as a subordinated loan, and upon receipt by Scilex Pharma of the subordinated loan, the holders of the Scilex Notes shall have the one-time right to require the Company to purchase up to an aggregate of $25,000,000 of the Scilex Notes then outstanding. The Letter of Credit will terminate upon the earliest to occur of: (a) the repayment of the Scilex Notes in full, (b) the actual net sales of ZTlido® (lidocaine topical system) 1.8% for any calendar year during the term of the Scilex Notes exceeding a certain threshold, (c) the consummation of an initial public offering on a major international stock exchange by Scilex Pharma that satisfies certain valuation thresholds, and (d) the replacement of the Letter of Credit with another letter of credit in form and substance, including as to the identity and creditworthiness of issuer, reasonably acceptable to the holders of at least 80% in principal amount of outstanding Scilex Notes. On October 1, 2019, Scilex Pharma, the Company, the Trustee and the Agent, and the beneficial owners of the Scilex Notes and the holders of such Scilex Notes listed on the signature pages thereto (the “Holders”) entered into an omnibus amendment (the “Omnibus Amendment”) to: (i) the Indenture, and (ii) that certain Irrevocable Standby Letter of Credit issued by the Company to Scilex Pharma as further described in Note 18. As of September 30, 2019, the estimated fair value of the Scilex Notes was approximately $144.4 million compared to the carrying value of $151.4 million. The Company uses the discounted cash flow method under the income approach, which involves significant Level 3 inputs and assumptions, combined with a Monte Carlo simulation, as appropriate. The value of the debt instrument is based on the present value of future principal payments and the discounted rate of return reflective of the Company’s credit risk. Borrowings of the 2018 Purchase Agreements and Indenture consisted of the following (in thousands): September 30, 2019 December 31, 2018 Face value of loan $ 224,000 $ 224,000 Unamortized debt discount (77,624) (84,000) Capitalized debt issuance costs (5,313) (5,748) Accretion of debt discount 11,266 6,376 Amortization of debt issuance cost 773 435 Payments (1,701) — Ending balance $ 151,401 $ 141,063 Future minimum payments under the Scilex Notes, based on a percentage of projected net sales of ZTlido ® (lidocaine topical system) 1.8% are estimated as follows (in thousands): Year Ending December 31, 2019 (Remaining three months) $ 633 2020 6,788 2021 15,996 2022 27,130 2023 31,433 2024 43,058 Thereafter 97,261 Total future minimum payments 222,299 Unamortized debt discount (66,358) Unamortized capitalized debt issuance costs (4,540) Total Scilex Notes 151,401 Current portion (5,177) Long-term portion of Scilex Notes $ 146,224 Debt discount and debt issuance costs, which are presented as a direct reduction of the Scilex Notes in the consolidated balance sheets, are amortized as interest expense using the effective interest method. As principal repayments on the Scilex Notes are based on a percentage of net sales of ZTlido ® (lidocaine topical system) 1.8% and SP-103, if a marketing approval letter from the FDA with respect to SP-103 is received, the Company has elected to account for changes in estimated cash flows from future net sales prospectively. Specifically, a new effective interest rate will be determined based on revised estimates of remaining cash flows and changes in expected cash flows will be recognized prospectively. The imputed effective interest rate at September 30, 2019 was 8.49%. The amount of debt discount and debt issuance costs included in interest expense for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019 was approximately $3.2 million and $12.0 million, respectively. The Company identified a number of embedded derivatives that require bifurcation from the Scilex Notes and separate accounting as a compound derivative. Certain of these embedded features include default interest provisions, contingent rate increases, contingent put options, optional and automatic acceleration provisions and indemnified taxes. The Company recorded this derivative within its consolidated financial statements (See Note 5). The Company re-evaluates this assessment each reporting period. 2018 Oaktree Term Loan Agreement On November 7, 2018, the Company and certain of its domestic subsidiaries (the “Guarantors”) entered into a Term Loan Agreement (the “Loan Agreement”) with certain funds and accounts managed by Oaktree Capital Management, L.P. (collectively, the “Lenders”) and Oaktree Fund Administration, LLC, as administrative and collateral agent (the “Agent”), for an initial term loan of $100.0 million (the “Initial Loan”) and a second tranche of $50.0 million, subject to the achievement of certain commercial and financial milestones between August 7, 2019 and November 7, 2019 and the satisfaction of certain customary conditions (the “Conditional Loan”). The Initial Loan matures on November 7, 2023 (the “Maturity Date”) and bears interest at a rate equal to the London Interbank Offered Rate (“LIBOR”) plus the applicable margin, or 7%. The net proceeds of the Initial Loan were approximately $91.3 million, after deducting estimated loan costs, commissions, fees and expenses and funding a debt service reserve account with approximately $9.6 million (the “Debt Service Reserve Account”), and will be used for general corporate purposes. In connection with the Loan Agreement, the Company and the Guarantors entered into a Collateral Agreement with the Agent (the “Collateral Agreement”). The Collateral Agreement provides that the Initial Loan and the Conditional Loan are secured by substantially all of the Company’s and the Guarantors’ assets and a pledge of 100% of the equity interests in other entities that each of the Company and the Guarantors holds (subject to certain exceptions and other than equity interests held by the Company or a Guarantor in certain foreign subsidiaries, which is limited to 65% of such voting equity interests). In connection with the Loan Agreement, on November 7, 2018, the Company issued to the Lenders warrants to purchase 6,288,985 shares of the Company’s common stock (the “Initial Warrants”). The Initial Warrants have an exercise price per share of $3.28, subject to adjustment for stock splits, reverse stock splits, stock dividends and similar transactions, will be exercisable from May 7, 2019 through May 7, 2029 and will be exercisable on a cash basis, unless there is not an effective registration statement covering the resale of the shares issuable upon exercise of the Initial Warrants (the “Initial Warrant Shares”), in which case the Initial Warrants shall also be exercisable on a cashless exercise basis. In connection with the Loan Agreement, on November 7, 2018, the Company and the Lenders entered into a Registration Rights Agreement (the “Registration Rights Agreement”) pursuant to which, among other things, the Company agreed to file one or more registration statements with the SEC for the purpose of registering for resale the Initial Warrant Shares and the shares of common stock issuable upon exercise of warrants that may be issued in connection with the Conditional Loan (the “Conditional Warrants”). Under the Registration Rights Agreement, the Company agreed to file a registration statement with the SEC registering all of the Initial Warrant Shares and the shares of common stock issuable upon exercise of the Conditional Warrants for resale by no later than the 45th day following the issuance of the Initial Warrants and the Conditional Warrants, respectively. On May 3, 2019, the Company, the Guarantors and the Lenders and the Agent entered into an amendment (the “Amendment”) to the Loan Agreement. Under the terms of the Amendment, among other things, the Lenders agreed to make available to the Company $20.0 million of the Conditional Loan, notwithstanding that the commercial and financial milestones had not occurred (the “Early Conditional Loan”). The Lenders also agreed to loan the Company the remaining $30.0 million of the Conditional Loan upon the satisfaction of the commercial and financial milestones between August 7, 2019 and November 7, 2019 (the “Remaining Conditional Loan” and, together with the Initial Loan and the Early Conditional Loan, the “Term Loans”). The Term Loans, other than the Early Conditional Loan, will mature on November 7, 2023. The Early Conditional Loan will mature on May 3, 2020; however, if the commercial and financial milestones have occurred on or prior to such date, the Early Conditional Loan will mature on November 7, 2023. The Term Loans may be prepaid by the Company, in whole or in part at any time, subject to a prepayment fee. Upon any prepayment or repayment of all or a portion of the Term Loans (including the Early Conditional Loan and the Remaining Conditional Loan), the Company has agreed to pay the Lenders an exit fee equal to 1.25% of the principal amount paid or prepaid amounting to approximately $1.5 million. The Early Conditional Loan was funded on May 3, 2019. The Company accounted for the Amendment as a debt modification and not a debt extinguishment under ASC Topic 470-50, as the terms of the Early Conditional Loan were not substantially different from those of the Initial Loan. The Company incurred approximately $0.8 million in fees directly related to the Amendment which were expensed as incurred during the three months ended June 30, 2019. In connection with the Amendment, on May 3, 2019, the Company issued to the Lenders warrants to purchase an aggregate of 1,333,304 shares of the Company’s common stock (the “2019 Warrants”). The 2019 Warrants have an exercise price per share of $3.94, subject to adjustment for stock splits, reverse stock splits, stock dividends and similar transactions, will be exercisable from November 3, 2019 through November 3, 2029 and will be exercisable on a cash basis, unless there is not an effective registration statement covering the resale of the shares issuable upon exercise of the 2019 Warrants (the “2019 Warrant Shares”), in which case the 2019 Warrants shall also be exercisable on a cashless exercise basis. The Company recorded a loss on derivative liabilities associated with the 2019 Warrants of $4.3 million on the issuance date, as the 2019 Warrants were issued with the Amendment. The fair value of the Term Loans was estimated using a discounted cash flow model with Level 3 inputs with key inputs that include debt yield, coupon rate and maturity dates. As of September 30, 2019, the estimated fair value of the Term Loans was approximately $58.2 million. Borrowings under the Initial Loan and the Early Conditional Loan consisted of the following (in thousands): September 30, 2019 December 31, 2018 Face value of loan $ 120,000 $ 100,000 Debt discount - warrants (26,248) (26,659) Debt discount - derivative (6,996) — Capitalized debt issuance costs (7,685) (6,658) Accretion of debt discount 3,014 411 Amortization of debt issuance costs 817 115 Ending balance $ 82,902 $ 67,209 Interest expense recognized for stated interest on the Term Loans totaled $2.9 million and $7.9 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019, respectively. The amount of debt discount and debt issuance costs included in interest expense on the Term Loans for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019 was approximately $1.4 million and $3.8 million, respectively. The Company identified a number of embedded derivatives that require bifurcation from the Initial Loan and separate accounting as a compound derivative. As the current fair value attributed to the bifurcated compound derivative is immaterial, the Company has not recorded this derivative within its consolidated financial statements. The Company re-evaluates this assessment each reporting period. |