Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Policies) | 12 Months Ended |
Dec. 31, 2017 |
Accounting Policies [Abstract] | |
Basis of Presentation | Basis of Presentation The accompanying consolidated financial statements of Harmonic include the accounts of the Company and its wholly-owned subsidiaries. All intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. The Company’s fiscal quarters are based on 13-week periods, except for the fourth quarter which ends on December 31. |
Use of Estimates | Use of Estimates The preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates. |
Reclassifications | Reclassifications Certain prior period amounts have been reclassified to conform to the current year presentation. These reclassifications did not have material impact on previously reported total assets, total liabilities, stockholders’ equity, results of operations or cash flows. |
Cash and Cash Equivalents | Cash and Cash Equivalents Cash and cash equivalents include all cash and highly liquid investments with maturities of three months or less at the date of purchase. The carrying amount of cash and cash equivalents approximates fair value because of the short maturity of those instruments. |
Restricted Cash and Deposits | Restricted Cash and Deposits The Company had $1.7 million and $1.8 million of total restricted cash deposits, as of December 31, 2017 and 2016 , respectively. These restricted cash deposits serve as collateral for certain bank guarantees and they are invested in bank deposits and cannot be withdrawn from the Company’s accounts without the prior written consent of the applicable secured party. In the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheets, $0.5 million and $0.7 million of the restricted cash balances as of December 31, 2017 and 2016 , respectively, were included in “Prepaid expenses and other currents”, and the remaining restricted cash balances of $1.2 million and $1.1 million as of December 31, 2017 and 2016 , respectively, were included in “Other Long-term Assets”. |
Short-Term Investments | Short-Term Investments As of December 31, 2017 , the Company did not have any outstanding short-term investments. The short-term investments as of December 31, 2016 of $6.9 million , which consisted of commercial bonds, were sold or redeemed during 2017 and the realized gain was not material. Since these available-for-sale investments were intended to support current operations, they are presented as “Current Assets” in the Consolidated Balance Sheet |
Investments in Equity Securities | Investments in Equity Securities From time to time, the Company may acquire certain equity investments for the promotion of business and strategic objectives and these investments may be in marketable equity securities or non-marketable equity securities. The Company accounts for its investments in entities that it does not have significant influence under the cost method. Investments in equity securities are carried at fair value if the fair value of the security is readily determinable. Equity investments carried at fair value are classified as long-term investments and included in “Other long-term assets” in the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheet. Unrealized gains and losses, net of taxes, on the long-term investments are included in the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheet as a component of accumulated other comprehensive loss. Investments in equity securities that do not qualify for fair value accounting or equity method accounting are accounted for under the cost method. In accordance with the cost method, the Company’s initial investment is recorded at cost and the Company reviews all of its cost method investments quarterly to determine if impairment indicators exist. Cost method investments are classified as long-term investments and included in “Other long-term assets” in the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheet. The Company’s total investment in equity securities of other privately and publicly held companies, were $3.6 million and $4.4 million , as of December 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016 , respectively. |
Concentrations of Credit Risk/Major Customers/Supplier Concentration | Major Customers/Supplier Concentration Financial instruments which subject the Company to concentrations of credit risk consist primarily of cash, cash equivalents, short-term investments and accounts receivable. Cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments are invested in short-term, highly liquid, investment-grade obligations of commercial or governmental issuers, in accordance with the Company’s investment policy. The investment policy limits the amount of credit exposure to any one financial institution, commercial or governmental issuer. The Company’s accounts receivable are derived from sales to worldwide cable, satellite, telco, and broadcast and media companies. The Company generally does not require collateral from its customers, and performs ongoing credit evaluations of its customers and provides for expected losses. The Company maintains an allowance for doubtful accounts based upon the expected collectability of its accounts receivable. No customers had a balance greater than 10% of the Company’s net accounts receivable balance as of December 31, 2017 and 2016 . In the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016 , no customer accounted for more than 10% of the Company’s net revenue. Certain of the components and subassemblies included in the Company’s products are obtained from a single source or a limited group of suppliers. Although the Company seeks to reduce dependence on those sole source and limited source suppliers, the partial or complete loss of certain of these sources could have at least a temporary adverse effect on the Company’s results of operations and damage customer relationships. |
Revenue Recognition | Revenue Recognition The Company’s principal sources of revenue are from the sale of hardware, software, hardware and software maintenance contracts, and end-to-end solutions, encompassing design, manufacture, test, integration and installation of products. The Company also derives subscription revenues, which are comprised of subscription fees from customers utilizing the Company’s cloud-based media processing solutions. The Company recognizes revenue when persuasive evidence of an arrangement exists, delivery has occurred or services have been provided, the sale price is fixed or determinable, and collectability is reasonably assured. Subscription revenue is recognized over the subscription period as the service is delivered. Revenue from the sale of hardware and software products is recognized when risk of loss and title have transferred. For most of the Company’s product sales, these criteria are met at the time the product is shipped or delivery has occurred. Revenue from distributors and system integrators is recognized on delivery of the related products, provided all other revenue recognition criteria have been met. The Company’s agreements with these distributors and system integrators have terms which are generally consistent with the standard terms and conditions for the sale of the Company’s equipment to end users, and do not provide for product rotation or pricing allowances, as are typically found in agreements with stocking distributors. The Company accrues for sales returns and other allowances based on the expected customer returns at the end of each reporting period. Deferred revenue includes billings in excess of revenue recognized and invoiced amounts remain deferred until applicable revenue recognition criteria are met. Shipping and handling costs incurred for inventory purchases and product shipments are recorded in cost of revenue in the Company’s Consolidated Statements of Operations. Costs associated with services are generally recognized as incurred. The Company recognizes revenue from the sale of hardware products and software bundled with hardware that is essential to the functionality of the hardware in accordance with applicable revenue recognition accounting guidance. For the sale of stand-alone software products, bundled with hardware but not essential to the functionality of the hardware, revenue is allocated between the hardware, including essential software and related elements, and the non-essential software and related elements. Revenue for the hardware and essential software elements are recognized under the relative allocation method. Revenue for the non-essential software and related elements are recognized under the residual method in accordance with software accounting guidance. Revenue associated with service and maintenance agreements is recognized on a straight-line basis over the period in which the services are performed, generally one year . Further details of these accounting policies are described below. |
Multiple Element Arrangements | Multiple Element Arrangements. The Company has revenue arrangements that include hardware and software essential to the hardware product’s functionality, and non-essential software, services and support. The Company allocates revenue to all deliverables based on their relative selling prices. The Company determines the relative selling prices by first considering vendor-specific objective evidence of fair value (“VSOE”), if it exists; otherwise third-party evidence (“TPE”) of the selling price is used. If neither VSOE nor TPE exists for a deliverable, the Company uses a best estimate of the selling price (“BESP”) for that deliverable. Once revenue is allocated to all deliverables based on their relative selling prices, revenue related to hardware elements (hardware, essential software and related services) are recognized using a relative selling price allocation and non-essential software and related services are recognized under the residual method. The Company has established VSOE for certain elements of its arrangements based on either historical stand-alone sales to third parties or stated renewal rates for maintenance. The Company has VSOE of fair value for maintenance, training and certain professional services. TPE is determined based on competitor prices for similar deliverables when sold separately. The Company is typically not able to determine TPE for competitors’ products or services. Generally, the Company’s go-to-market strategy differs from that of its competitors’ and the Company’s offerings contain a significant level of differentiation, such that the comparable pricing of products with similar functionality cannot be obtained. Furthermore, the Company is unable to reliably determine what competitor similar products’ selling prices are on a stand-alone basis. When the Company is unable to establish fair value of non-software deliverables using VSOE or TPE, the Company uses BESP in its allocation of arrangement consideration. The objective of using BESP is to determine the price at which the Company would transact a sale if the product or service were sold on a stand-alone basis. The Company determines BESP for a product or service by considering multiple factors, including, but not limited to, pricing practices, market conditions, competitive landscape, internal costs, geographies and gross margin. The determination of BESP is made through consultation with Company’s management, taking into consideration the Company’s go-to-market strategy. |
Software | Software. Sales of stand-alone software that are not considered essential to the functionality of the hardware continue to be subject to the software revenue recognition guidance. In accordance with the software revenue recognition guidance, the Company applies the residual method to recognize revenue for the delivered elements in stand-alone software transactions. Under the residual method, the amount of revenue allocated to delivered elements equals the total arrangement consideration, less the aggregate fair value of any undelivered elements, typically maintenance, provided that VSOE of fair value exists for all undelivered elements. VSOE of fair value is based on the price charged when the element is sold separately or, in the case of maintenance, VSOE may be based on substantive renewal rates. |
Solution Sales | Solution Sales. Solution sales for the design, manufacture, test, integration and installation of products, including equipment acquired from third parties to be integrated with Harmonic’s products, that are customized to meet the customer’s specifications are accounted for in accordance with applicable guidance on accounting for performance of construction/production contracts. Accordingly, for each arrangement that the Company enters into that includes both products and services, the Company performs a detailed evaluation to determine whether the arrangement should be accounted for under guidance for construction/production contracts or, alternatively, for arrangements that do not involve significant production, modification or customization, under other applicable accounting guidance. The Company has a long-standing history of entering into contractual arrangements to deliver the solution sales described. |
Inventories | Inventories Inventories are stated at the lower of cost or net realizable value. Cost is computed using standard cost, which approximates actual cost, on a first-in, first-out basis. The cost of inventories is comprised of material, labor and manufacturing overhead. The Company’s manufacturing overhead standards for product costs are calculated assuming full absorption of forecasted spending over projected volumes. The Company establishes provisions for excess and obsolete inventories to reduce such inventories to their estimated net realizable value after evaluation of historical sales, future demand and market conditions, expected product life cycles and current inventory levels. Such provisions are charged to cost of revenue in the Company’s Consolidated Statements of Operations. |
Capitalized Software Development Costs | Capitalized Software Development Costs External-use software. Research and development costs are generally charged to expense as incurred. The Company has not capitalized any such development costs because the costs incurred between the attainment of technological feasibility for the related software product through the date when the product is available for general release to customers has been insignificant. Internal-use software. The Company capitalizes costs associated with internally developed and/or purchased software systems for internal use that have reached the application development stage. Capitalized costs include external direct costs of materials and services utilized in developing or obtaining internal-use software and payroll and payroll-related expenses for employees who are directly associated with and devote time to the internal-use software project. Capitalization of such costs begins when the preliminary project stage is complete and ceases no later than the point at which the project is substantially complete and ready for its intended purpose. These capitalized costs are amortized on a straight-line basis, generally three years . |
Property and Equipment | Property and Equipment Property and equipment are recorded at cost. Depreciation and amortization are computed using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets. Estimated useful lives are generally, five years for furniture and fixtures, three years for software and four years for machinery and equipment. Depreciation and amortization for leasehold improvements are computed using the shorter of the remaining useful lives of the assets, up to 10 years, or the lease term of the respective assets |
Acquisitions | Business Combination The Company recognizes identifiable assets acquired and liabilities assumed at their acquisition date fair values. Goodwill as of the acquisition date is measured as the excess of consideration transferred over the net of the acquisition date fair values of assets acquired and the liabilities assumed. Determining the fair value of assets acquired and liabilities assumed requires management’s judgment and often involves the use of significant estimates and assumptions, including assumptions with respect to future cash inflows and outflows, discount rates, intangibles and other asset lives, among other items. Fair value is defined as the price that would be received in a sale of an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date (an exit price). Market participants are assumed to be buyers and sellers in the principal (most advantageous) market for the asset or liability. Additionally, fair value measurements for an asset assume the highest and best use of that asset by market participants. As a result, the Company may have been required to value the acquired assets at fair value measurements that do not reflect its intended use of those assets. Use of different estimates and judgments could yield different results. Any excess of the purchase price over the fair value of the net assets acquired is recognized as goodwill. |
Goodwill | Goodwill As of December 31, 2017 , the Company had goodwill of $242.8 million which represents the difference between the purchase price and the estimated fair value of the identifiable assets acquired and liabilities assumed. The Company tests for goodwill impairment at the reporting unit level on an annual basis in the fourth quarter of each of its fiscal years, and at any other time at which events occur or circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of goodwill may exceed its fair value. The Company uses a two-step process to determine the amount of goodwill impairment. The first step requires comparing the fair value of the reporting unit to its net book value, including goodwill. A potential impairment exists if the fair value of the reporting unit is lower than its net book value. The second step of the process, which is performed only if a potential impairment exists, involves determining the difference between the fair value of the reporting unit’s net assets, other than goodwill, and the fair value of the reporting unit. If this difference is less than the net book value of goodwill, an impairment exists and is recorded. The Company has two reporting units, which are the same as its operating segments. Goodwill is assigned to the reporting units using the relative fair values of the reporting units and the fair values of the reporting units were determined utilizing a blend of the income approach and the market approach. There was no impairment of goodwill resulting from the Company’s fiscal 2017 annual impairment testing in the fourth quarter of 2017 . (See Note 7, “Goodwill and Identified Intangible Assets,” for additional information) |
Long-lived Assets | Long-lived Assets Long-lived assets represent property and equipment and purchased intangible assets. Purchased intangible assets from business combinations and asset acquisitions include customer contracts, trademarks and trade names, and maintenance agreements and related relationships, the amortization of which is charged to general and administrative expenses, and core technology and developed technology, the amortization of which is charged to cost of revenue. The Company evaluates the recoverability of intangible assets and other long-lived assets when indicators of impairment are present. When impairment indicators are present, the Company evaluates the recoverability of intangible assets and other long-lived assets on the basis of undiscounted cash flows expected to result from the use of each asset group and its eventual disposition. If the undiscounted expected future cash flows are less than the carrying amount of the asset, an impairment loss is recognized in order to write down the carrying value of the asset to its estimated fair market value. There were no impairment charges for long-lived assets in the years ended December 31, 2017 , 2016 and 2015 . |
Foreign Currency | Foreign Currency The functional currency of the Company’s Israeli, Cayman and Swiss operations is the U.S. dollar. All other foreign subsidiaries use the respective local currency as the functional currency. When the local currency is the functional currency, gains and losses from translation of these foreign currency financial statements into U.S. dollars are recorded as a separate component of other comprehensive loss in stockholders’ equity. The Company’s foreign currency exposure is also related to its net position of monetary assets and monetary liabilities held by its subsidiaries in their nonfunctional currencies. These monetary assets and monetary liabilities are being remeasured into the functional currencies of the subsidiaries using exchange rates prevailing on the balance sheet date. Such remeasurement gains and losses are included in other expense, net in the Company’s Consolidated Statements of Operations. During the years ended December 31, 2017 , 2016 and 2015 , the Company recorded remeasurement losses of $2.2 million , $0.2 million and $0.5 million , respectively |
Derivative Instruments | Derivative Instruments The Company enters into derivative instruments, primarily foreign currency forward contracts, to minimize the short-term impact of foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations on certain foreign currency denominated assets and liabilities as well as certain foreign currencies denominated expenses. The Company does not enter into derivative instruments for trading purposes and these derivatives generally have maturities within twelve months. The derivative instruments are recorded at fair value in prepaid expenses and other current assets or accrued and other current liabilities in the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheet. For derivative instruments designated and qualifying as cash flow hedges of forecasted foreign currency denominated transactions expected to occur within twelve months, the effective portion of the gain or loss on these hedges is reported as a component of “Accumulated other comprehensive loss” in stockholders’ equity, and is reclassified into earnings when the hedged transaction affects earnings. If the transaction being hedged fails to occur, or if a portion of any derivative is (or becomes) ineffective, the gain or loss on the associated financial instrument is recorded immediately in earnings. For derivative instruments used to hedge existing foreign currency denominated assets or liabilities, the gains or losses on these hedges are recorded immediately in earnings to offset the changes in the fair value of the assets or liabilities being hedged. The Company did not enter into any cash flow hedges during the year ended December 31, 2017 . Derivatives Not Designated as Hedging Instruments (Balance Sheet Hedges) The Company’s balance sheet hedges consist of foreign currency forward contracts which mature generally within three months, These forward contracts are carried at fair value and they are used to minimize the short-term impact of foreign currency exchange rate fluctuation on cash and certain trade and inter-company receivables and payables. Changes in the fair value of these foreign currency forward contracts are recognized in “Other expense, net” in the Consolidated Statement of Operations and are largely offset by the changes in the fair value of the assets or liabilities being hedged. |
Research and Development | Research and Development Research and development (“R&D”) costs are expensed as incurred and consists primarily of employee salaries and related expenses, contractors and outside consultants, supplies and materials, equipment depreciation and facilities costs, all associated with the design and development of new products and enhancements of existing products. R&D expense was $96.0 million , $98.4 million and $87.5 million for the years ended December 31, 2017 , 2016 and 2015 , respectively. R&D expense was net of $6.0 million of reimbursements from one of our large customers in each of the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016 . The Company’s TVN French Subsidiary participates in the French Crédit d’Impôt Recherche (“CIR”) program which allows companies to monetize eligible research expenses. The R&D tax credits receivable from the French government for spending on innovative R&D under the CIR program is recorded as an offset to R&D expenses. In the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016 , the R&D expenses were net of $5.9 million and $6.1 million of R&D tax credits, respectively. There were no such reimbursement from customers or R&D tax credits in the year ended December 31, 2015. |
Restructuring and Related Charges | Restructuring and Related Charges The Company’s restructuring charges consist primarily of employee severance, one-time termination benefits related to the reduction of its workforce, lease exit costs, and other costs. Liabilities for costs associated with a restructuring activity are recognized when the liability is incurred and are measured at fair value. One-time termination benefits are expensed at the date the entity notifies the employee, unless the employee must provide future service, in which case the benefits are expensed ratably over the future service period. Termination benefits are calculated based on regional benefit practices and local statutory requirements. Costs to terminate a lease before the end of its term are recognized when the entity terminates the contract in accordance with the contract terms. The Company determines the excess facilities accrual based on expected cash payments, under the applicable facility lease, reduced by any estimated sublease rental income for such facility. (S ee Note 10, “Restructuring and related Charges” for additional information) |
Warranty | Warranty The Company accrues for estimated warranty costs at the time of revenue recognition and records such accrued liabilities as part of cost of revenue. Management periodically reviews its warranty liability and adjusts the accrued liability based on the terms of warranties provided to customers, historical and anticipated warranty claims experience, and estimates of the timing and cost of warranty claims The Company accrues for estimated warranty costs at the time of product shipment. Management periodically reviews the estimated warranty liability and records adjustments based on the terms of warranties provided to customers, historical and anticipated warranty claims experience, and estimates of the timing and cost of warranty claims. |
Advertising Expenses | Advertising Expenses All advertising costs are expensed as incurred and included in “Selling, general and administrative expenses” in the Company’s Consolidated Statements of Operations. Advertising expense was $0.7 million , $1.4 million and $1.4 million for the years ended December 31, 2017 , 2016 and 2015 , respectively |
Stock-based Compensation Expense | Stock-based Compensation Expense The Company measures and recognizes compensation expense for all stock-based compensation awards made to employees and non-employee directors, including stock options, restricted stock units (“RSUs”) and awards related to the Company’s Employee Stock Purchase Plan (“ESPP”), based upon the grant-date fair value of those awards. Prior to January 1, 2017, stock-based compensation expense was recorded net of estimated forfeitures over the requisite service period and, accordingly, was recorded for only those stock-based awards that the Company expected to vest. Upon the adoption of the Accounting Standard Update No. 2016-09, Compensation - Stock Compensation (Topic 718), issued by the Financial Accounting Standards Board. The Company changed its accounting policy to account for forfeitures as they occur. The change was applied on a modified retrospective approach with a cumulative effect adjustment of $69,000 to retained earnings as of January 1, 2017 (which increased the accumulated deficit). The fair value of the Company’s stock options and ESPP is estimated at grant date using the Black-Scholes option pricing model. The fair value of the Company’s RSUs is calculated based on the fair market value of the Company’s stock at the grant date. The fair value of the Company’s market-based RSUs is estimated using the Monte-Carlo valuation model with market vesting conditions. The Company recognizes the stock-based compensation expense for performance-based RSUs (“PRSUs”) based on the probability of achieving certain performance criteria, as defined in the PRSU agreements. The Company estimates the number of PRSUs ultimately expected to vest and recognizes expense using the graded vesting attribution method over the requisite service period. Changes in the estimates related to probability of achieving certain performance criteria and number of PRSUs expected to vest could significantly affect the stock-based compensation expense from one period to the next Valuation Assumptions The Company estimates the fair value of employee stock options and stock purchase rights under the ESPP using a Black-Scholes option valuation model. The value of the stock purchase rights under the ESPP consists of: (1) the 15% discount on the purchase of the stock; (2) 85% of the fair value of the call option; and (3) 15% of the fair value of the put option. The call option and put option were valued using the Black-Scholes option pricing model. At the date of grant, the Company estimated the fair value of each stock option grant and stock purchase right granted under the ESPP using the following weighted average assumptions: Employee Stock Options ESPP 2017 2016 2015 2017 2016 2015 Expected term (in years) 4.30 4.30 4.65 0.50 0.50 0.50 Volatility 42 % 36 % 38 % 48 % 70 % 34 % Risk-free interest rate 1.8 % 1.4 % 1.5 % 1.2 % 0.6 % 0.3 % Expected dividends 0.0 % 0.0 % 0.0 % 0.0 % 0.0 % 0.0 % The expected term of the employee stock option represents the weighted-average period that the stock options are expected to remain outstanding. The computation of expected term was determined based on historical experience of similar awards, giving consideration to the contractual terms of the stock-based awards, vesting schedules and expectations of future employee behavior. The expected term of the stock purchase right under ESPP represents the period of time from the beginning of the offering period to the purchase date. The Company uses its historical volatility for a period equivalent to the expected term of the options to estimate the expected volatility. The risk-free interest rate that the Company uses in the Black-Scholes option valuation model is based on U.S. Treasury zero-coupon issues with remaining terms similar to the expected term. The Company has never declared or paid any cash dividends and does not plan to pay cash dividends in the foreseeable future, and, therefore, used an expected dividend yield of zero in the valuation model. Prior to January 1, 2017, stock-based compensation expense was recorded net of estimated forfeitures in the Company’s Consolidated Statements of Operations and, accordingly, was recorded for only those stock-based awards that the Company expected to vest. Upon the adoption of the accounting standard update (ASU 2016-09, “Improvements to Employee Share-Based payments”) issued by FASB, effective January 1, 2017, the Company changed its accounting policy to account for forfeitures as they occur. The change was applied on a modified retrospective approach with a cumulative effect adjustment of $69,000 to retained earnings as of January 1, 2017 (which increased the accumulated deficit). |
Pension Plan | Pension Plan Under French law, the Company’s subsidiaries in France, including the acquired TVN French Subsidiary, is obligated to provide for a defined benefit plan to its employees upon their retirement from the Company. The Company’s defined benefit pension plan in France is unfunded. The Company records annual amounts relating to the pension plans based on calculations which include various actuarial assumptions including employees’ age and period of service with the company; projected mortality rates, mobility rates and increases in salaries; and a discount rate. The Company reviews its actuarial assumptions on an annual basis as of December 31 (or more frequently if a significant event requiring remeasurement occurs) and modifies the assumptions based on current rates and trends when it is appropriate to do so. The Company believes that the assumptions utilized in recording its obligations under its pension plan are reasonable based on its experience, market conditions and input from its actuaries. The Company accounts for the actuarial gains (losses) in accordance with ASC 715, “Compensation - Retirement Benefits”. If the net accumulated gain or loss exceeds 10% of the projected plan benefit obligation a portion of the net gain or loss is amortized and included in expense for the following year based upon the average remaining service period of active plan participants, unless the Company’s policy is to recognize all actuarial gains (losses) when they occur. The Company elected to defer actuarial gains (losses) in accumulated other comprehensive loss. As of December 31, 2017, the Company did not meet the 10% requirement, and therefore no amortization of 2017 actuarial gain would be recorded in 2018. S ee Note 12, “Employee Benefit Plans and Stock-based Compensation-French Retirement Benefit Plan,” for additional information |
Income Taxes | Income Taxes In preparing the Company’s financial statements, the Company estimates the income taxes for each of the jurisdictions in which the Company operates. This involves estimating the Company’s actual current tax exposures and assessing temporary and permanent differences resulting from differing treatment of items, such as reserves and accruals, for tax and accounting purposes. These differences result in deferred tax assets and liabilities, which are included within the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheet. The Company’s income tax policy is to record the estimated future tax effects of temporary differences between the tax bases of assets and liabilities and amounts reported in the Company’s accompanying Consolidated Balance Sheets, as well as operating loss and tax credit carryforwards. The Company follows the guidelines set forth in the applicable accounting guidance regarding the recoverability of any tax assets recorded on the Consolidated Balance Sheet and provides any necessary allowances as required. Determining necessary allowances requires the Company to make assessments about the timing of future events, including the probability of expected future taxable income and available tax planning opportunities. A history of operating losses in recent years has led to uncertainty with respect to our ability to realize certain of our net deferred tax assets, and as a result we applied full valuation allowance against our U.S. net deferred tax assets as of December 31, 2017. In the event that actual results differ from these estimates or the Company adjusts these estimates in future periods, the Company’s operating results and financial position could be materially affected. The Company is subject to examination of its income tax returns by various tax authorities on a periodic basis. The Company regularly assesses the likelihood of adverse outcomes resulting from such examinations to determine the adequacy of its provision for income taxes. The Company has applied the provisions of the applicable accounting guidance on accounting for uncertainty in income taxes, which requires application of a more-likely-than-not threshold to the recognition and de-recognition of uncertain tax positions. If the recognition threshold is met, the applicable accounting guidance permits the Company to recognize a tax benefit measured at the largest amount of tax benefit that, in the Company’s judgment, is more than 50% likely to be realized upon settlement. It further requires that a change in judgment related to the expected ultimate resolution of uncertain tax positions be recognized in earnings in the period of such change. The Company files annual income tax returns in multiple taxing jurisdictions around the world. A number of years may elapse before an uncertain tax position is audited and finally resolved. While it is often difficult to predict the final outcome or the timing of resolution of any particular uncertain tax position, the Company believes that its reserves for income taxes reflect the most likely outcome. The Company adjusts these reserves and penalties, as well as the related interest, in light of changing facts and circumstances. Changes in the Company’s assessment of its uncertain tax positions or settlement of any particular position could materially and adversely impact the Company’s income tax rate, operating results, financial position and cash flows The Company recognizes interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax positions in income tax expenses on the Consolidated Statements of Operations. Management regularly assesses the ability to realize deferred tax assets recorded based upon the weight of available evidence, including such factors as recent earnings history and expected future taxable income on a jurisdiction by jurisdiction basis. In the event that the Company changes its determination as to the amount of realizable deferred tax assets, the Company will adjust its valuation allowance with a corresponding impact to the provision for income taxes in the period in which such determination is made. The Company has not provided U.S. federal and California state income taxes, as well as foreign withholding taxes, on approximately $10.5 million of cumulative undistributed earnings for certain non-U.S. subsidiaries, because such earnings are intended to be indefinitely reinvested. Determination of the amount of unrecognized deferred tax liability for temporary differences related to investment in these non-U.S. subsidiaries that are essentially permanent in duration is not practicable. The Company applies the provisions of the applicable accounting guidance regarding accounting for uncertainty in income taxes, which requires application of a more-likely-than-not threshold to the recognition and derecognition of uncertain tax positions. If the recognition threshold is met, the applicable accounting guidance permits the recognition of a tax benefit measured at the largest amount of such tax benefit that, in our judgment, is more than fifty percent likely to be realized upon settlement. It further requires that a change in judgment related to the expected ultimate resolution of uncertain tax positions be recognized in earnings in the period in which such determination is made. |
Sales Taxes | Sales Taxes The Company accounts for sales taxes imposed on its goods and services and collected from customers on a net basis in the Consolidated Statements of Operations |
Segment Reporting | Segment Reporting Operating segments are defined as components of an enterprise that engage in business activities for which separate financial information is available and is evaluated by the Chief Operating Decision Maker (“CODM”), which for the Company is its Chief Executive Officer, in deciding how to allocate resources and assess performance. The Company has two operating segments: Video and Cable Edge. Segment Information Operating segments are defined as components of an enterprise that engage in business activities for which separate financial information is available and evaluated by the Company’s CODM, which for the Company is its Chief Executive Officer, in deciding how to allocate resources and assess performance. Based on our internal reporting structure, the Company consists of two operating segments: Video and Cable Edge. The operating segments were determined based on the nature of the products offered. The Video segment sells video processing and production and playout solutions and services worldwide to broadcast and media companies, streaming new media companies, cable operators, and satellite and telecommunications (telco) Pay-TV service providers. The Cable Edge segment sells CableOS, cable edge solutions and related services to cable operators globally. The Company does not allocate amortization of intangibles, stock-based compensation, restructuring and related charges, TVN acquisition- and integration-related costs, and certain other non-recurring charges to the operating income (loss) for each segment because management does not include this information in the measurement of the performance of the operating segments. A measure of assets by segment is not applicable as segment assets are not included in the discrete financial information provided to the CODM. |
Comprehensive Income (Loss) | Comprehensive Income (Loss) Comprehensive income (loss) includes net income (loss) and other comprehensive income (loss). Other comprehensive income (loss) includes cumulative translation adjustments, unrealized foreign exchange gains and losses on intercompany long-term loans, unrealized gains and losses on certain foreign currency forward contracts that qualify as cash flow hedges and available-for-sale securities, as well as actuarial gains and losses on pension plan. |
Recent Accounting Pronouncements | Recent Accounting Pronouncements New Standards to be Implemented In May 2014, Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued a new Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) No. 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers, as amended, which will supersede nearly all existing revenue recognition guidance. Under ASU 2014-09, an entity is required to recognize revenue upon transfer of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the expected consideration received in exchange for those goods or services. ASU No. 2014-09 defines a five-step process in order to achieve this core principle, which may require the use of judgment and estimates, and also requires expanded qualitative and quantitative disclosures relating to the nature, amount, timing and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows arising from contracts with customers, including significant judgments and estimates used. The FASB has issued several amendments to the new standard, including clarification on accounting for licenses of intellectual property and identifying performance obligations. The amendments include ASU No. 2016-08, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606)-Principal versus Agent Considerations, which was issued in March 2016, and clarifies the implementation guidance for principal versus agent considerations in ASU 2014-09, and ASU No. 2016-10, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606)-Identifying Performance Obligations and Licensing, which was issued in April 2016, and amends the guidance in ASU No. 2014-09 related to identifying performance obligations and accounting for licenses of intellectual property. The new standard permits adoption either by using (i) a full retrospective approach for all periods presented in the period of adoption or (ii) a modified retrospective approach with the cumulative effect of initially applying the new standard recognized at the date of initial application and providing certain additional disclosures. The new standard is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2017, with early adoption permitted for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2016. The Company will adopt the new standard effective January 1, 2018. The Company plans to adopt using the modified retrospective approach. The Company currently believes that there will be changes to the timing of recognition of software licenses with undelivered features and professional services revenue related to service contracts with acceptance terms. Under current industry-specific software revenue recognition guidance, the Company has historically concluded that it did not have vendor-specific objective evidence (“VSOE”) of fair value of the undelivered features relating to delivered software licenses, and accordingly, it has deferred entire revenue for such software licenses until the delivery of features. Professional services included in arrangements with acceptances have also been recognized on receipt of acceptance. The new standard, which does not retain the concept of VSOE, requires an evaluation of whether the undelivered features are distinct performance obligations and, therefore, should be separately recognized when delivered compared to the timing of delivery of software licenses. Professional services will generally be recorded as services are provided. As a result, the timing of when revenue is recognized is expected to be earlier for future features and professional services under the new standard. The revenue allocated to hardware and services (including professional services) will also likely change due to the change in contingent revenue rules under the new standard. The Company has substantially completed its evaluation of the impact of the new standard on its accounting policies, processes, and system requirements. However, due to the modified retrospective method’s requirement to quantify the impact of the changes on open contracts as of December 31, 2017, and the implementation of revenue system changes and the volume of the required data analysis, the Company is finalizing its assessments, including the transition adjustment for open contracts and expects to complete that before the Q1, 2018 10Q filing. As part of the Company’s evaluation, it has also considered the impact of the guidance in Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 340-40, Other Assets and Deferred Costs; Contracts with Customers, and the interpretations of the FASB Transition Resource Group for Revenue Recognition (“TRG”) from their November 7, 2016 meeting with respect to capitalization and amortization of incremental costs of obtaining a contract. The Company does not expect this standard to have a significant impact on the accounting for costs to obtain the contract. Under the Company’s current accounting policy, it expenses the commission costs as incurred. In January 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-01, Financial Instruments (Topic 825): Recognition and Measurement of Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities, which requires equity investments to be measured at fair value with changes in fair value recognized in net income and simplifies the impairment assessment of equity investments without readily determinable fair values by requiring a qualitative assessment to identify impairment. This ASU will be effective for the Company beginning in the first quarter of fiscal 2018. The Company only has one available-for-sale equity investment, Vislink plc, which was fully written off as of December 31, 2017 and the Company only has one cost method equity investment, EDC, which will be subject to this new ASU. The adoption of this new ASU is not expected to have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements. (See note 3, “Investments in Other Equity Securities,” for more information on Vislink and EDC). In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-02 Leases (Topic 842), to amend the existing accounting standard for lease accounting. Under this guidance, lessees and lessors should apply a “right-of-use” model in accounting for all leases (including subleases) and eliminate the concept of operating leases and off-balance sheet leases. This new leases standard requires a modified retrospective transition approach for all leases existing at, or entered into after, the date of initial application, with an option to use certain transition relief. This new ASU will be effective for the Company beginning in the first quarter of fiscal 2019 and early adoption is permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the methods and impact of adopting the new ASU on its consolidated financial statements. In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-13, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments, which changes the impairment model for most financial assets and certain other instruments. For trade receivables and other instruments, the Company will be required to use a new forward-looking “expected loss” model. Additionally, credit losses on available-for-sale debt securities should be recorded through an allowance for credit losses limited to the amount by which fair value is below amortized cost. This new ASU will be effective for the Company beginning in the first quarter of fiscal 2020 and early adoption is permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of adopting this new ASU on its consolidated financial statements. In November 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-18, Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230): Restricted Cash, which requires entities to present the aggregate changes in cash, cash equivalents, restricted cash and restricted cash equivalents in the statement of cash flows. As a result, the statement of cash flows will be required to present restricted cash and restricted cash equivalents as a part of the beginning and ending balances of cash and cash equivalents. The new ASU will be effective for the Company beginning in the first quarter of fiscal 2018 on a retrospective basis. The Company’s total restricted cash balances was $1.7 million , $1.8 million and $1.1 million , as of December 31, 2017, 2016, and 2015, respectively, and accordingly, these balances will be presented as a part of the beginning and ending balances of cash and cash equivalents for the preparation of the Company’s Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the corresponding periods. In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU No. 2017-04, Intangibles - Goodwill and Other (Topic 350): Simplifying the Test for Goodwill Impairment. This new ASU removes Step 2 of the goodwill impairment test and requires the assessment of fair value of individual assets and liabilities of a reporting unit to measure goodwill impairments. Goodwill impairment will then be the amount by which a reporting unit's carrying value exceeds its fair value. This new ASU will be effective for the Company beginning in the first quarter of fiscal 2020 on a prospective basis, and early adoption is permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of adopting this new ASU on its consolidated financial statements. In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-01, “Business Combinations (Topic 805): Clarifying the Definition of a Business”. The objective of ASU 2017-01 is to clarify the definition of a business in order to assist entities with evaluating whether transactions should be accounted for as acquisitions (or disposals) of assets or businesses. The definition of a business affects many areas of accounting including acquisitions, disposals, goodwill and consolidation. ASU 2017-01 is effective for the Company beginning in the first quarter of fiscal 2018. This new ASU is not expected to have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements. Standards Implemented In March 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-07, Investments- Equity Method and Joint Ventures: Simplifying the Transition to the Equity Method of Accounting. This guidance eliminates the requirement to retroactively adopt the equity method of accounting when an investment qualifies for using the equity method due to an increase in the level of ownership interest or degree of influence. In that situation, the ASU requires an investor to apply the equity method only on a go-forward basis. Under this new ASU, an investor that has an available-for-sale security that subsequently qualifies for the equity method will recognize in net income the unrealized holding gains or losses in accumulated other comprehensive income related to that security when it begins applying the equity method. The Company adopted this new ASU beginning in the first quarter of fiscal 2017 and it did not have any impact to the Company’s 2017 consolidated financial statements because none of its equity investments qualify for equity method of accounting during 2017. In March 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-09, Compensation - Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Improvements to Employee Share-Based Payment Accounting, for the accounting of share-based payment transactions, including the income tax consequences, classification of awards as either equity or liabilities and classification on the statement of cash flows. The new standard eliminated the requirement to report excess tax benefits and certain tax deficiencies related to share-based payment transactions as additional paid-in capital. It also removes the requirement to delay recognition of a windfall tax benefit until it reduces current taxes payable. Under the new guidance, the benefit will be recorded when it arises, subject to normal valuation allowance considerations. The Company adopted this new ASU beginning in the first quarter of fiscal 2017 using a modified-retrospective transition method and recorded a cumulative effect of $4.6 million of additional gross deferred tax asset associated with shared-based payment and an offsetting valuation allowance of the same amount, therefore resulting in no net impact to the Company’s beginning retained earnings. Prior to January 1, 2017, stock-based compensation expense was recorded net of estimated forfeitures in the Company’s Consolidated Statements of Operations and, accordingly, was recorded for only those stock-based awards that the Company expected to vest. Upon the adoption of this ASU, effective January 1, 2017, the Company changed its accounting policy to account for forfeitures as they occur. The change was applied on a modified retrospective approach with a cumulative effect adjustment of $69,000 to retained earnings as of January 1, 2017 (which increased the accumulated deficit). The implementation of this ASU has no impact to the Company’s Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows because the Company does not have any excess tax benefits from share-based compensation because its tax provision is primarily under full valuation allowance. In addition, the Company has historically been reporting excess tax benefits as an operating activity in the Company’s Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows, therefore, no prior periods were recast as a result of this change in accounting policy. In October 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-16, Income Taxes (topic 740): Intra-Entity Transfers of Assets Other Than Inventory, which requires companies to recognize the income tax consequences of all intra-entity sales of assets other than inventory when they occur. As a result, a reporting entity would recognize the tax expense from the sale of the asset in the seller’s tax jurisdiction when the transfer occurs, even though the pre-tax effects of that transaction are eliminated in consolidation. Any deferred tax asset that arises in the buyer’s jurisdiction would also be recognized at the time of the transfer. The Company early adopted this ASU during the first quarter of fiscal 2017 on a modified retrospective approach and recorded a cumulative-effect adjustment of $1.4 million to the retained earnings as of January 1, 2017 (which reduced the accumulated deficit). Correspondingly, in the first quarter of fiscal 2017, the Company recognized an additional $1.1 million of net deferred tax assets, after netting with $2.1 million of valuation allowance, and write off the remaining $0.3 million of unamortized tax expenses deferred under the previous guidance to provision for income taxes in the first quarter of fiscal 2017. |