SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES | NOTE 2 — SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES Basis of Presentation The accompanying consolidated financial statements are prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”). The consolidated financial statements include the financial statements of the Company and its wholly owned subsidiaries. All significant inter-company transactions and balances among the Company and its subsidiaries are eliminated upon consolidation. Functional Currency The functional currency of Micronet Enertec is the U.S. dollar. The functional currency of certain subsidiaries is their local currency. The financial statements of those companies are included in consolidation, based on translation into U.S. dollars. Assets and liabilities are translated at year-end-exchange rates, while revenues and expenses are translated at monthly average exchange rates during the year. Differences resulting from translation are presented in the consolidated statements of comprehensive income. Use of Estimate The preparation of the financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the dates of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting periods. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Principles of Consolidation The consolidated financial statements comprise the Company and its subsidiaries. Control is the power to govern the financial and operating policies of an entity so as to obtain benefits from its operating activities. In assessing control, legal and contractual rights, are taken into account. The consolidated financial statements of subsidiaries are included in the consolidated financial statements from the date that control is achieved until the date that control is lost. Intercompany transactions and balances are eliminated upon consolidation. Cash and Cash Equivalents Cash equivalents are considered by the Company to be highly-liquid investments, including inter-alia, short-term deposits with banks, of which do not exceed maturities of three months at the time of deposit and which are not restricted. Investments in Marketable Securities Management determines the appropriate classification of its investments at the time of purchase and reevaluates such determinations at each balance sheet date. Investments in marketable securities are classified as “trading,” and unrealized gains or losses are reported in the statement of income. Revenue Recognition The Company’s subsidiary Enertec enters into long-term fixed-price contracts with customers to manufacture test systems, simulators, and airborne applications. Revenues on these long-term fixed-price contracts are recognized under the percentage-of-completion method. In using the percentage of completion method, revenues are generally recorded based on the percentage of cost incurred to date on a contract relative to the estimated total expected contract cost. Management uses historical experience, project plans and an assessment of the risks and uncertainties inherent in the arrangement to establish the total estimated costs. The percentage of completion is established by the costs incurred to date as a percentage of the estimated total costs of each contract (cost-to-cost method). Contract costs include all direct material and labor costs. The Company recognizes revenues on a project when persuasive evidence of an arrangement exists, recoverability is probable, and project costs are incurred. The Company recognizes anticipated contract losses, if any, in the period in which they first became evident. As of December 31, 2016, approximately $4,805 (on December 31, 2015: $4,500) of the accounts receivable balance was unbilled due to the customers’ payment terms. Revenues from the sales of MRM products are recognized when persuasive evidence of an arrangement exists; delivery has occurred, consideration is fixed and determinable; and collection of the resulting receivable is reasonably assured. The title and risk of loss passes to the customer, delivery has occurred and acceptance is satisfied as the product leaves the Company premises. Allowance for Doubtful Accounts The Company establishes an allowance for doubtful accounts to ensure trade and financing receivables are not overstated due to uncollectability. The allowance for doubtful accounts was based on specific receivables, which their collection, in the opinion of Company’s management, is in doubt. Trade receivables are charged off in the period in which they are deemed to be uncollectible. As of December 31, 2016 and 2015, the allowance for doubtful accounts amounted to $563 and $1,288, respectively. Reclassifications Certain balance sheet amounts and cash flow have been reclassified to comfort with the current year presentation. Inventories Inventories of raw materials are stated at the lower of cost (first-in, first-out basis) or realizable value. Cost of work in process comprise direct materials, direct production costs and an allocation of production overheads based on normal operating capacity. Property and Equipment Property and equipment are stated at cost, net of accumulated depreciation. Depreciation is calculated by the straight-line method over their estimated useful lives. Annual rates of depreciation are as follows: Leasehold improvements Over the shorter of the lease term or the life of the assets Machinery and equipment 7-14 years Furniture and fixtures 10-14 years Transportation equipment 7 years Computer equipment 3 years Stock Based Compensation The Company accounts for stock based compensation under the fair market value method under which compensation cost is measured at the grant date based on the value of the award and is recognized over the service period, which is usually the vesting period. For stock options, fair value is determined using an option-pricing model that takes into account the stock price at the grant date, the exercise price, the expected life of the option, the volatility of the underlying stock, the expected dividends on it, and the risk-free interest rate over the expected life of the option. Research and Development Costs Research and development costs are charged to statements of income as incurred net of grants from the Israel Innovation Authority (IIA)(formerly known as the Israel Office of the Chief Scientist of the Ministry of Economy . Loss per Share Basic net earnings per share are computed based on the weighted average number of ordinary shares outstanding during each year. Long-Lived Assets and Intangible assets Intangible assets that are not considered to have an indefinite useful life are amortized using the straight-line basis over their estimated useful lives. The Company evaluates property and equipment and purchased intangible assets with finite lives for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate the carrying value of an asset may not be recoverable. The Company assesses the recoverability of the assets based on the undiscounted future cash flow and recognizes an impairment loss when the estimated undiscounted future cash flow expected to result from the use of the asset plus the net proceeds expected from disposition of the asset, if any, are less than the carrying value of the asset. When the Company identifies an impairment, it reduces the carrying amount of the asset to its estimated fair value based on a discounted cash flow approach or, when available and appropriate, to comparable market values. During the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015, no indicators of impairment have been identified. Goodwill Goodwill represents the excess of the purchase price in a business combination over the fair value of net tangible and intangible assets acquired. Goodwill is not amortized, but rather is subject to an annual impairment test. The Company has two operating segments: Mobile Resource Management and Defense and Aerospace. The goodwill was allocated to one reporting unit which included in the MRM division. The goodwill impairment tests are conducted in two steps. In the first step, the Company determines the fair value of the reporting unit. If the net book value of the reporting unit exceeds its fair value, the Company would then perform the second step of the impairment test which requires allocation of the reporting unit’s fair value of all of its assets and liabilities in a manner similar to an acquisition cost allocation, with any residual fair value being allocated to goodwill. The implied fair value of the goodwill is then compared to the carrying value to determine impairment, if any. Comprehensive Income (Loss) Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 220-10,“Reporting Comprehensive Income,” requires the Company to report in its consolidated financial statements, in addition to its net income, comprehensive income (loss), which includes all changes in equity during a period from non-owner sources including, as applicable, foreign currency items, and other items. The Company’s other comprehensive income for all periods presented is related to the translation from functional currency to the presentation currency. Income Taxes Deferred taxes are determined utilizing the “asset and liability” method, whereby deferred tax asset and liability account balances are determined based on differences between financial reporting and the tax bases of assets and liabilities and are measured using the enacted tax rates and laws that will be in effect when the differences are expected to reverse. The Company provides a valuation allowance, when it’s more likely than not that deferred tax assets will not be realized in the foreseeable future. Deferred tax liabilities and assets are classified as current or non-current based on the expected reversal dates of the specific temporary differences. The Company applied FASB ASC Topic 740-10-25, “Income Taxes,” which provides guidance for recognizing and measuring uncertain tax positions and prescribes a threshold condition that a tax position must meet for any of the benefits of the uncertain tax position to be recognized in the financial statements. It also provides accounting guidance on derecognizing, classification and disclosure of these uncertain tax positions. The Company’s policy on classification of all interest and penalties related to unrecognized income tax positions, if any, is to present them as a component of income tax expense. Financial Instruments 1. Concentration of credit risks: Financial instruments that have the potential to expose the Company to credit risks are mainly cash and cash equivalents, bank deposit accounts, marketable securities and trade receivables. The Company holds cash and cash equivalents, securities and deposit accounts at large banks in Israel, thereby substantially reducing the risk of loss. With respect to trade receivables, the risk is limited due to the geographically spreading, nature and size of the entities that constitute the Company’s customer base. The Company assesses the financial position of its customers prior to the engagement with them. The Company performs ongoing credit evaluations of its customers for the purpose of determining the appropriate allowance for doubtful accounts and generally does not require collateral. An appropriate allowance for doubtful accounts is included in the accounts. 2. Fair value measurement: The Company measures fair value and discloses fair value measurements for financial and non-financial assets and liabilities. Fair value is based on the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. The accounting standard establishes a fair value hierarchy that prioritizes observable and unobservable inputs used to measure fair value into three broad levels, which are described below: Level 1: Quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets that are accessible at the measurement date for assets or liabilities. The fair value hierarchy gives the highest priority to Level 1 inputs. Level 2: Observable prices that are based on inputs not quoted on active markets, but corroborated by market data. Level 3: Unobservable inputs are used when little or no market data is available. The fair value hierarchy gives the lowest priority to Level 3 inputs. In determining fair value, the Company utilizes valuation techniques that maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs to the extent possible and considers counterparty credit risk in its assessment of fair value. Recent Accounting Pronouncements In February 2016, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update (ASU) No. 2016-02, which supersedes the lease accounting guidance in ASC 840, Leases. The new guidance requires lessees to recognize a right-of-use asset and a lease liability on the balance sheet for all leases with the exception of short-term leases. For lessees, leases will continue to be classified as either operating or finance leases in the income statement. Lessor accounting is similar to the current model but updated to align with certain changes to the lessee model. The amendments are effective for reporting periods (interim and annual) beginning after December 15, 2018, with early adoption permitted. The amendments must be adopted using a modified retrospective approach. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of the amended guidance on its consolidated financial statements, but does not except to have material impact. In August 2016, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update (ASU) 2016-15. This update addresses whether to present certain specific cash flow items as operating, investing or financing activities. The amendments are effective for reporting periods (interim and annual) beginning after December 15, 2017. Early adoption is permitted. The amendments will be applied retrospectively to each period presented. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of the amended guidance on its consolidated financial statements, but does not except to have material impact. In November 2016, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update (ASU) 2016-18. This updates provides guidance on the classification and presentation of changes in restricted cash or restricted cash equivalents in the statement of cash flows under Topic 230, Statement of Cash Flows. The amendments are effective for reporting periods (interim and annual) beginning after December 15, 2017, with early adoption permitted. The amendments will be applied retrospectively to each period presented. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of the amended guidance on its consolidated financial statements. In May 2014, the FASB issued ASU No. 2014-09, Revenue from contracts with customers (Topic 606). Under the new standard, revenue is recognized when a customer obtains control of promised goods or services and is recognized in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. In addition, the standard requires disclosure of the nature, amount, timing, and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows arising from contracts with customers. The FASB has recently issued several amendments to the standard, including clarification on accounting for licenses of intellectual property, identifying performance obligations, principal versus agent considerations and other narrow technical corrections. The new revenue standard (and its related amendments) is effective for reporting periods (interim and annual) beginning after December 15, 2017, with early adoption permitted for reporting periods (interim and annual) beginning after December 15, 2016. The standard permits two methods of adoption: retrospectively to each reporting period presented (full retrospective method), or retrospectively with the cumulative effect of initially applying the guidance recognized at the date of initial application (the modified retrospective method). The Company is currently expecting to adopt the standard using the modified retrospective method. The Company is currently examining whether the control of the goods produced in long term contracts is transferred to the customer overtime. |