Loans and Leases and Allowance for Credit Losses | Loans and Leases and Allowance for Credit Losses Major classifications of the loan and lease portfolio (collectively referred to as the “loan portfolio” or “loans”) are summarized as of the dates indicated as follows (in thousands) . September 30, 2019 December 31, 2018 Owner occupied commercial real estate $ 1,692,010 $ 1,647,904 Income producing commercial real estate 1,933,868 1,812,420 Commercial & industrial 1,271,243 1,278,347 Commercial construction 1,000,801 796,158 Equipment financing 729,506 564,614 Total commercial 6,627,428 6,099,443 Residential mortgage 1,120,828 1,049,232 Home equity lines of credit 668,987 694,010 Residential construction 229,352 211,011 Consumer direct 125,517 122,013 Indirect auto 131,154 207,692 Total loans 8,903,266 8,383,401 Less allowance for loan losses (62,514 ) (61,203 ) Loans, net $ 8,840,752 $ 8,322,198 At September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018 , loans totaling $4.15 billion and $3.98 billion , respectively, were pledged as collateral to secure Federal Home Loan Bank advances, securitized notes payable and other contingent funding sources. At September 30, 2019 , the carrying value and outstanding balance of purchased credit impaired (“PCI”) loans accounted for under ASC 310-30 were $69.7 million and $97.1 million , respectively. At December 31, 2018 , the carrying value and outstanding balance of PCI loans were $74.4 million and $109 million , respectively. The following table presents changes in the balance of the accretable yield for PCI loans for the periods indicated (in thousands) : Three Months Ended Nine Months Ended 2019 2018 2019 2018 Balance at beginning of period $ 26,308 $ 23,406 $ 26,868 $ 17,686 Additions due to acquisitions — — 1,300 1,977 Accretion (4,950 ) (3,773 ) (14,037 ) (9,284 ) Reclassification from nonaccretable difference 1,159 3,018 5,627 10,136 Changes in expected cash flows that do not affect nonaccretable difference 329 2,027 3,088 4,163 Balance at end of period $ 22,846 $ 24,678 $ 22,846 $ 24,678 In addition to the accretable yield on PCI loans, the fair value adjustments on purchased loans outside the scope of ASC 310-30 are also accreted to interest revenue over the life of the loans. At September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018 , the remaining accretable net fair value discount on loans acquired through a business combination and not accounted for under ASC 310-30 was $5.69 million and $4.31 million , respectively, which included a net premium on acquired equipment financing loans. In addition, indirect auto loans purchased at a premium outside of a business combination had a remaining premium of $1.91 million and $3.72 million , respectively, as of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018 . At September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018 , equipment financing assets included leases of $39.5 million and $30.4 million , respectively. The components of the net investment in leases, which included both sales-type and direct financing, are presented below (in thousands) . September 30, 2019 December 31, 2018 Minimum future lease payments receivable $ 42,176 $ 31,915 Estimated residual value of leased equipment 3,749 3,593 Initial direct costs 936 827 Security deposits (1,091 ) (1,189 ) Purchase accounting premium 379 806 Unearned income (6,630 ) (5,568 ) Net investment in leases $ 39,519 $ 30,384 Minimum future lease payments expected to be received from equipment financing lease contracts as of September 30, 2019 are as follows (in thousands) : Year Remainder of 2019 $ 4,048 2020 14,455 2021 10,740 2022 7,131 2023 4,226 Thereafter 1,576 Total $ 42,176 Allowance for Credit Losses and Loans Individually Evaluated for Impairment The allowance for loan losses represents management’s estimate of probable incurred losses in the loan portfolio as of the end of the period. The allowance for unfunded commitments is included in other liabilities in the consolidated balance sheet. Combined, the allowance for loan losses and allowance for unfunded commitments are referred to as the allowance for credit losses. The following table presents the balance and activity in the allowance for credit losses by portfolio segment for the periods indicated (in thousands) . 2019 2018 Three Months Ended September 30, Beginning Balance Charge-Offs Recoveries (Release)Provision Ending Balance Beginning Balance Charge-Offs Recoveries (Release) Provision Ending Balance Owner occupied commercial real estate $ 11,545 $ — $ 39 $ (165 ) $ 11,419 $ 12,909 $ — $ 251 $ (706 ) $ 12,454 Income producing commercial real estate 11,020 (472 ) 41 473 11,062 10,862 (375 ) 375 220 11,082 Commercial & industrial 5,308 (898 ) 207 773 5,390 4,205 (660 ) 242 568 4,355 Commercial construction 10,318 — 247 (158 ) 10,407 10,123 (24 ) 66 (293 ) 9,872 Equipment financing 6,935 (1,376 ) 202 1,485 7,246 3,561 (700 ) 218 1,141 4,220 Residential mortgage 8,290 (264 ) 106 82 8,214 9,845 (235 ) 66 70 9,746 Home equity lines of credit 4,794 (287 ) 204 (28 ) 4,683 4,943 (426 ) 147 174 4,838 Residential construction 2,365 (13 ) 18 181 2,551 2,590 (32 ) 195 (382 ) 2,371 Consumer direct 855 (645 ) 226 441 877 765 (643 ) 244 474 840 Indirect auto 774 (125 ) 67 (51 ) 665 1,268 (228 ) 53 69 1,162 Total allowance for loan losses 62,204 (4,080 ) 1,357 3,033 62,514 61,071 (3,323 ) 1,857 1,335 60,940 Allowance for unfunded commitments 3,391 — — 67 3,458 2,895 — — 465 3,360 Total allowance for credit losses $ 65,595 $ (4,080 ) $ 1,357 $ 3,100 $ 65,972 $ 63,966 $ (3,323 ) $ 1,857 $ 1,800 $ 64,300 2019 2018 Nine Months Ended September 30, Beginning Balance Charge-Offs Recoveries (Release) Provision Ending Balance Beginning Charge- Recoveries (Release) Ending Owner occupied commercial real estate $ 12,207 $ (5 ) $ 166 $ (949 ) $ 11,419 $ 14,776 $ (67 ) $ 939 $ (3,194 ) $ 12,454 Income producing commercial real estate 11,073 (977 ) 127 839 11,062 9,381 (2,685 ) 842 3,544 11,082 Commercial & industrial 4,802 (3,833 ) 645 3,776 5,390 3,971 (1,277 ) 848 813 4,355 Commercial construction 10,337 (70 ) 804 (664 ) 10,407 10,523 (440 ) 322 (533 ) 9,872 Equipment financing 5,452 (3,810 ) 466 5,138 7,246 — (862 ) 386 4,696 4,220 Residential mortgage 8,295 (433 ) 388 (36 ) 8,214 10,097 (417 ) 290 (224 ) 9,746 Home equity lines of credit 4,752 (653 ) 466 118 4,683 5,177 (761 ) 372 50 4,838 Residential construction 2,433 (263 ) 91 290 2,551 2,729 (40 ) 326 (644 ) 2,371 Consumer direct 853 (1,721 ) 672 1,073 877 710 (1,846 ) 599 1,377 840 Indirect auto 999 (502 ) 151 17 665 1,550 (1,043 ) 188 467 1,162 Total allowance for loan losses 61,203 (12,267 ) 3,976 9,602 62,514 58,914 (9,438 ) 5,112 6,352 60,940 Allowance for unfunded commitments 3,410 — — 48 3,458 2,312 — — 1,048 3,360 Total allowance for credit losses $ 64,613 $ (12,267 ) $ 3,976 $ 9,650 $ 65,972 $ 61,226 $ (9,438 ) $ 5,112 $ 7,400 $ 64,300 The following tables represent the recorded investment in loans by portfolio segment and the balance of the allowance for loan losses assigned to each segment based on the method of evaluating the loans for impairment as of the dates indicated (in thousands) . Allowance for Credit Losses September 30, 2019 December 31, 2018 Individually Collectively evaluated for impairment PCI Ending Balance Individually Collectively evaluated for impairment PCI Ending Balance Owner occupied commercial real estate $ 859 $ 10,446 $ 114 $ 11,419 $ 862 $ 11,328 $ 17 $ 12,207 Income producing commercial real estate 261 10,737 64 11,062 402 10,671 — 11,073 Commercial & industrial 33 5,305 52 5,390 32 4,761 9 4,802 Commercial construction 49 10,248 110 10,407 71 9,974 292 10,337 Equipment financing — 7,149 97 7,246 — 5,045 407 5,452 Residential mortgage 808 7,392 14 8,214 861 7,410 24 8,295 Home equity lines of credit 16 4,648 19 4,683 1 4,740 11 4,752 Residential construction 51 2,472 28 2,551 51 2,382 — 2,433 Consumer direct 5 872 — 877 6 847 — 853 Indirect auto 41 624 — 665 26 973 — 999 Total allowance for loan losses 2,123 59,893 498 62,514 2,312 58,131 760 61,203 Allowance for unfunded commitments — 3,458 — 3,458 — 3,410 — 3,410 Total allowance for credit losses $ 2,123 $ 63,351 $ 498 $ 65,972 $ 2,312 $ 61,541 $ 760 $ 64,613 Loans Outstanding September 30, 2019 December 31, 2018 Individually Collectively evaluated for impairment PCI Ending Balance Individually evaluated for impairment Collectively evaluated for impairment PCI Ending Balance Owner occupied commercial real estate $ 18,562 $ 1,663,913 $ 9,535 $ 1,692,010 $ 17,602 $ 1,620,450 $ 9,852 $ 1,647,904 Income producing commercial real estate 10,748 1,886,317 36,803 1,933,868 16,584 1,757,525 38,311 1,812,420 Commercial & industrial 2,068 1,268,815 360 1,271,243 1,621 1,276,318 408 1,278,347 Commercial construction 3,287 990,513 7,001 1,000,801 2,491 787,760 5,907 796,158 Equipment financing 111 724,664 4,731 729,506 — 556,672 7,942 564,614 Residential mortgage 16,672 1,095,179 8,977 1,120,828 14,220 1,025,862 9,150 1,049,232 Home equity lines of credit 300 667,286 1,401 668,987 276 692,122 1,612 694,010 Residential construction 1,283 227,564 505 229,352 1,207 209,070 734 211,011 Consumer direct 198 124,939 380 125,517 211 121,269 533 122,013 Indirect auto 1,043 130,111 — 131,154 1,237 206,455 — 207,692 Total loans $ 54,272 $ 8,779,301 $ 69,693 $ 8,903,266 $ 55,449 $ 8,253,503 $ 74,449 $ 8,383,401 A loan is considered impaired when, based on current events and circumstances, it is probable that all amounts due according to the original contractual terms of the loan will not be collected. On a quarterly basis, management individually evaluates certain impaired loans, including all non-PCI nonaccrual relationships with a balance of $500,000 or greater and all troubled debt restructurings (“TDRs”) for impairment. Impairment for collateral dependent loans within this population is measured based on the fair value of the collateral. If impairment is identified, the loan is generally charged down to the fair value of the underlying collateral, less selling costs. Impairment for non-collateral dependent TDRs within this population is measured based on discounted cash flows or the loan’s observable market price. Impairment identified using these methods would result in the establishment of a specific reserve. Each quarter, management prepares an analysis of the allowance for credit losses to determine the appropriate balance that measures and quantifies the amount of probable incurred losses in the loan portfolio and unfunded loan commitments. The allowance is comprised of specific reserves on individually impaired loans, which are determined as described above, and general reserves which are determined based on historical loss experience as adjusted for current trends and economic conditions multiplied by a loss emergence period factor. Management calculates the loss emergence period for each pool in the loan portfolio based on the weighted average length of time between the date a loan first exceeds 30 days past due and the date the loan is charged off. On junior lien home equity loans, management has limited ability to monitor the delinquency status of the first lien unless the first lien is also held by United. As a result, management applies the weighted average historical loss factor for this category and appropriately adjusts it to reflect the increased risk of loss from these credits. Management reviews the resulting loss factors for each category of the loan portfolio and evaluates whether qualitative adjustments are necessary to take into consideration recent credit trends such as increases or decreases in past due, nonaccrual, criticized and classified loans, and other macro environmental factors such as changes in unemployment rates, employment rates, debt per capita, home price indices, and trends in real estate value indices. Management believes that its method of determining the balance of the allowance for credit losses provides a reasonable and reliable basis for measuring and reporting losses that are incurred in the loan portfolio as of the reporting date. When a loan officer determines that a loan is uncollectible, he or she is responsible for recommending that the loan be placed on nonaccrual status and evaluated for impairment, which, if necessary, could result in fully or partially charging off the loan or establishing a specific reserve. Full or partial charge-offs may also be recommended by the Collections Department, the Special Assets Department, the Loss Mitigation Department and the Foreclosure/OREO Department. Nonaccrual real estate loans are generally charged down to fair value of collateral less costs to sell at the time they are placed on nonaccrual status. Commercial and consumer asset quality committees meet monthly to review charge-offs that have occurred during the previous month. Participants include the respective Chief Credit Officer, Senior Risk Officers, Senior Credit Officers, Regional Credit Managers, and Special Asset Officers. Generally, closed-end retail loans (installment and residential mortgage loans) past due 90 cumulative days are written down to their collateral value less estimated selling costs. Open-end (revolving) unsecured retail loans which are past due 90 cumulative days from their contractual due date are generally charged-off. The following table presents loans individually evaluated for impairment by class as of the dates indicated (in thousands) . September 30, 2019 December 31, 2018 Unpaid Principal Balance Recorded Investment Allowance for Loan Losses Allocated Unpaid Principal Balance Recorded Investment Allowance for Loan Losses Allocated With no related allowance recorded: Owner occupied commercial real estate $ 9,225 $ 7,107 $ — $ 8,650 $ 6,546 $ — Income producing commercial real estate 5,363 5,164 — 9,986 9,881 — Commercial & industrial 1,297 1,037 — 525 370 — Commercial construction 1,716 1,607 — 685 507 — Equipment financing 111 111 — — — — Total commercial 17,712 15,026 — 19,846 17,304 — Residential mortgage 7,666 6,808 — 5,787 5,202 — Home equity lines of credit 275 213 — 330 234 — Residential construction 790 658 — 554 428 — Consumer direct 28 28 — 18 17 — Indirect auto 236 223 — 294 292 — Total with no related allowance recorded 26,707 22,956 — 26,829 23,477 — With an allowance recorded: Owner occupied commercial real estate 11,509 11,455 859 11,095 11,056 862 Income producing commercial real estate 5,968 5,584 261 6,968 6,703 402 Commercial & industrial 1,200 1,031 33 1,652 1,251 32 Commercial construction 1,826 1,680 49 2,130 1,984 71 Equipment financing — — — — — — Total commercial 20,503 19,750 1,202 21,845 20,994 1,367 Residential mortgage 9,922 9,864 808 9,169 9,018 861 Home equity lines of credit 89 87 16 45 42 1 Residential construction 637 625 51 791 779 51 Consumer direct 171 170 5 199 194 6 Indirect auto 820 820 41 946 945 26 Total with an allowance recorded 32,142 31,316 2,123 32,995 31,972 2,312 Total $ 58,849 $ 54,272 $ 2,123 $ 59,824 $ 55,449 $ 2,312 As of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018 , $2.12 million and $2.31 million , respectively, of specific reserves were allocated to customers whose loan terms have been modified in TDRs. As of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018 , there were no commitments to lend additional amounts to customers with outstanding loans that are classified as TDRs. The modification of the TDR terms included one or a combination of the following: a reduction of the stated interest rate of the loan or an extension of the amortization period that would not otherwise be considered in the current market for new debt with similar risk characteristics; a restructuring of the borrower’s debt into an “A/B note structure” in which the A note would fall within the borrower’s ability to pay and the remainder would be included in the B note; a mandated bankruptcy restructuring; or interest-only payment terms greater than 90 days when the borrower is unable to amortize the loan. Modified PCI loans are not accounted for as TDRs because they are not separated from the pools, and as such are not classified as impaired loans. Loans modified under the terms of a TDR during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018 are presented in the following table. In addition, the table presents loans modified under the terms of a TDR that defaulted (became 90 days or more delinquent) during the periods presented and were initially restructured within one year prior to default (dollars in thousands) . New TDRs Pre-modification Outstanding Recorded Investment Post-Modification Outstanding Recorded Investment by Type of Modification TDRs Modified Within the Previous Twelve Months That Have Subsequently Defaulted Number of Contracts Rate Reduction Structure Other Total Number of Contracts Recorded Investment Three Months Ended September 30, 2019 Owner occupied commercial real estate — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — — $ — Income producing commercial real estate — — — — — — — — Commercial & industrial — — — — — — — — Commercial construction — — — — — — — — Equipment financing 2 93 — 93 — 93 — — Total commercial 2 93 — 93 — 93 — — Residential mortgage 2 609 — 609 — 609 — — Home equity lines of credit — — — — — — — — Residential construction — — — — — — — — Consumer direct 3 21 — — 21 21 — — Indirect auto 4 101 — — 101 101 — — Total loans 11 $ 824 $ — $ 702 $ 122 $ 824 — $ — Nine Months Ended September 30, 2019 Owner occupied commercial real estate 2 $ 610 $ — $ 610 $ — $ 610 — $ — Income producing commercial real estate 1 169 — 169 — 169 — — Commercial & industrial 1 7 — — 7 7 — — Commercial construction — — — — — — — — Equipment financing 3 113 — 113 — 113 — — Total commercial 7 899 — 892 7 899 — — Residential mortgage 11 1,785 — 1,784 — 1,784 1 135 Home equity lines of credit 1 50 — 50 — 50 — — Residential construction 1 22 — — 21 21 1 13 Consumer direct 3 21 — — 21 21 — — Indirect auto 15 271 — — 262 262 — — Total loans 38 $ 3,048 $ — $ 2,726 $ 311 $ 3,037 2 $ 148 Three Months Ended September 30, 2018 Owner occupied commercial real estate — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — — $ — Income producing commercial real estate 1 3,647 — 3,637 — 3,637 — — Commercial & industrial — — — — — — — — Commercial construction — — — — — — — — Equipment financing — — — — — — — — Total commercial 1 3,647 — 3,637 — 3,637 — — Residential mortgage 4 421 — 395 — 395 — — Home equity lines of credit — — — — — — — — Residential construction — — — — — — — — Consumer direct — — — — — — — — Indirect auto 9 188 — — 188 188 — — Total loans 14 $ 4,256 $ — $ 4,032 $ 188 $ 4,220 — $ — Nine Months Ended September 30, 2018 Owner occupied commercial real estate 4 $ 1,276 $ — $ 1,260 $ — $ 1,260 3 $ 1,869 Income producing commercial real estate 2 3,753 106 3,637 — 3,743 — — Commercial & industrial 2 108 — 32 — 32 — — Commercial construction — — — — — — 1 3 Equipment financing — — — — — — — — Total commercial 8 5,137 106 4,929 — 5,035 4 1,872 Residential mortgage 8 1,186 — 1,159 — 1,159 1 101 Home equity lines of credit — — — — — — — — Residential construction — — — — — — — — Consumer direct — — — — — — — — Indirect auto 26 424 — — 424 424 — — Total loans 42 $ 6,747 $ 106 $ 6,088 $ 424 $ 6,618 5 $ 1,973 The average balances of impaired loans and income recognized on impaired loans while they were considered impaired are presented below for the periods indicated (in thousands) . 2019 2018 Three Months Ended September 30, Average Balance Interest Revenue Recognized During Impairment Cash Basis Interest Revenue Received Average Balance Interest Revenue Cash Basis Interest Revenue Received Owner occupied commercial real estate $ 18,759 $ 288 $ 290 $ 17,857 $ 291 $ 284 Income producing commercial real estate 10,906 144 153 18,623 240 232 Commercial & industrial 2,133 48 54 1,445 18 17 Commercial construction 3,316 38 39 2,869 39 39 Equipment financing 66 3 3 — — — Total commercial 35,180 521 539 40,794 588 572 Residential mortgage 16,669 195 203 14,654 168 162 Home equity lines of credit 301 4 2 275 3 3 Residential construction 1,298 22 25 1,295 23 23 Consumer direct 204 4 4 232 4 4 Indirect auto 1,069 14 14 1,220 16 16 Total $ 54,721 $ 760 $ 787 $ 58,470 $ 802 $ 780 Nine Months Ended September 30, Owner occupied commercial real estate $ 18,302 $ 846 $ 882 $ 20,623 $ 771 $ 800 Income producing commercial real estate 12,941 523 529 17,155 665 679 Commercial & industrial 1,921 74 89 1,861 83 83 Commercial construction 3,029 113 114 3,456 137 135 Equipment financing 29 3 3 — — — Total commercial 36,222 1,559 1,617 43,095 1,656 1,697 Residential mortgage 16,134 553 561 14,587 474 473 Home equity lines of credit 288 11 7 285 12 11 Residential construction 1,352 70 72 1,467 72 71 Consumer direct 197 11 11 260 14 14 Indirect auto 1,121 42 42 1,274 50 50 Total $ 55,314 $ 2,246 $ 2,310 $ 60,968 $ 2,278 $ 2,316 Nonaccrual and Past Due Loans United’s policy is to place loans on nonaccrual status when, in the opinion of management, the principal and interest on a loan is not likely to be repaid in full or when the loan becomes 90 days past due and is not well secured and in the process of collection. When a loan is classified on nonaccrual status, interest previously accrued but not collected is reversed against current interest revenue. Principal and interest payments received on a nonaccrual loan are generally applied to reduce the loan’s recorded investment. PCI loans are considered past due or delinquent when the contractual principal or interest due in accordance with the terms of the loan agreement remains unpaid after the due date of the scheduled payment. However, these loans are considered to be performing, even though they may be contractually past due, as any non-payment of contractual principal or interest is considered in the periodic re-estimation of expected cash flows and is included in the resulting recognition of current period loan loss provision or future period yield adjustments. The accrual of interest is discontinued on PCI loans if management can no longer reliably estimate future cash flows on the loan or pool of loans. No PCI loans were classified as nonaccrual at September 30, 2019 or December 31, 2018 as the carrying value of the respective loan or pool of loans cash flows were considered estimable and probable of collection. Therefore, interest revenue, through accretion of the difference between the carrying value of the loans and the expected cash flows, is being recognized on all PCI loans. The gross additional interest revenue that would have been earned if the loans classified as nonaccrual had performed in accordance with the original terms was approximately $338,000 and $213,000 for the three months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018 , respectively, and $965,000 and $812,000 for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018 , respectively. The following table presents the recorded investment in nonaccrual loans by loan class as of the dates indicated (in thousands) . September 30, 2019 December 31, 2018 Owner occupied commercial real estate $ 8,430 $ 6,421 Income producing commercial real estate 2,030 1,160 Commercial & industrial 2,625 1,417 Commercial construction 1,894 605 Equipment financing 1,974 2,677 Total commercial 16,953 12,280 Residential mortgage 9,475 8,035 Home equity lines of credit 3,065 2,360 Residential construction 597 288 Consumer direct 147 89 Indirect auto 595 726 Total $ 30,832 $ 23,778 Excluding PCI loans, substantially all loans more than 90 days past due were on nonaccrual status at September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018 . The following table presents the aging of the recorded investment in past due loans by class of loans as of the dates indicated (in thousands) . Loans Past Due As of September 30, 2019 30 - 59 Days 60 - 89 Days > 90 Days Total Loans Not Past Due PCI Loans Total Owner occupied commercial real estate $ 1,881 $ 978 $ 6,447 $ 9,306 $ 1,673,169 $ 9,535 $ 1,692,010 Income producing commercial real estate 9,422 93 915 10,430 1,886,635 36,803 1,933,868 Commercial & industrial 6,017 663 2,055 8,735 1,262,148 360 1,271,243 Commercial construction 116 11 121 248 993,552 7,001 1,000,801 Equipment financing 1,039 668 1,901 3,608 721,167 4,731 729,506 Total commercial 18,475 2,413 11,439 32,327 6,536,671 58,430 6,627,428 Residential mortgage 4,649 1,921 1,155 7,725 1,104,126 8,977 1,120,828 Home equity lines of credit 2,620 479 897 3,996 663,590 1,401 668,987 Residential construction 314 71 150 535 228,312 505 229,352 Consumer direct 627 74 40 741 124,396 380 125,517 Indirect auto 508 142 520 1,170 129,984 — 131,154 Total loans $ 27,193 $ 5,100 $ 14,201 $ 46,494 $ 8,787,079 $ 69,693 $ 8,903,266 Loans Past Due As of December 31, 2018 30 - 59 Days 60 - 89 Days > 90 Days Total Loans Not Past Due PCI Loans Total Owner occupied commercial real estate $ 2,542 $ 2,897 $ 1,011 $ 6,450 $ 1,631,602 $ 9,852 $ 1,647,904 Income producing commercial real estate 1,624 291 301 2,216 1,771,893 38,311 1,812,420 Commercial & industrial 7,189 718 400 8,307 1,269,632 408 1,278,347 Commercial construction 267 — 68 335 789,916 5,907 796,158 Equipment financing 1,351 739 2,658 4,748 551,924 7,942 564,614 Total commercial 12,973 4,645 4,438 22,056 6,014,967 62,420 6,099,443 Residential mortgage 5,461 1,788 1,950 9,199 1,030,883 9,150 1,049,232 Home equity lines of credit 2,112 864 902 3,878 688,520 1,612 694,010 Residential construction 509 63 190 762 209,515 734 211,011 Consumer direct 600 82 21 703 120,777 533 122,013 Indirect auto 750 323 633 1,706 205,986 — 207,692 Total loans $ 22,405 $ 7,765 $ 8,134 $ 38,304 $ 8,270,648 $ 74,449 $ 8,383,401 Risk Ratings United categorizes commercial loans, with the exception of equipment financing receivables, into risk categories based on relevant information about the ability of borrowers to service their debt such as: current financial information, historical payment experience, credit documentation, public information, and current industry and economic trends, among other factors. United analyzes loans individually by classifying the loans as to credit risk. This analysis is performed on a continual basis. United uses the following definitions for its risk ratings: Watch. Loans in this category are presently protected from apparent loss; however, weaknesses exist that could cause future impairment, including the deterioration of financial ratios, past due status and questionable management capabilities. These loans require more than the ordinary amount of supervision. Collateral values generally afford adequate coverage, but may not be immediately marketable. Substandard. These loans are inadequately protected by the current net worth and paying capacity of the obligor or by the collateral pledged. Specific and well-defined weaknesses exist that may include poor liquidity and deterioration of financial ratios. The loan may be past due and related deposit accounts experiencing overdrafts. There is the distinct possibility that United will sustain some loss if deficiencies are not corrected. If possible, immediate corrective action is taken. Doubtful. Specific weaknesses characterized as Substandard that are severe enough to make collection in full highly questionable and improbable. There is no reliable secondary source of full repayment. Loss. Loans categorized as Loss have the same characteristics as Doubtful; however, probability of loss is certain. Loans classified as Loss are charged off. Equipment Financing Receivables and Consumer Purpose Loans. United applies a pass / fail grading system to all equipment financing receivables and consumer purpose loans. Under the pass / fail grading system, loans that become past due 90 days or are in bankruptcy are classified as “fail” and all other loans are classified as “pass”. For reporting purposes, loans in these categories that are classified as “fail” are reported in the substandard column and all other loans are reported in the “pass” column. Loans not meeting the criteria above that are analyzed individually as part of the above described process are considered to be pass rated loans. Based on the most recent analysis performed, the risk category of loans by class of loans as of the dates indicated is as follows (in thousands) . Pass Watch Substandard Doubtful / Loss Total As of September 30, 2019 Owner occupied commercial real estate $ 1,606,137 $ 32,725 $ 43,613 $ — $ 1,682,475 Income producing commercial real estate 1,844,176 25,451 27,438 — 1,897,065 Commercial & industrial 1,199,399 32,105 39,379 — 1,270,883 Commercial construction 963,742 22,393 7,665 — 993,800 Equipment financing 722,801 — 1,974 — 724,775 Total commercial 6,336,255 112,674 120,069 — 6,568,998 Residential mortgage 1,099,233 — 12,618 — 1,111,851 Home equity lines of credit 663,087 — 4,499 — 667,586 Residential construction 228,029 — 818 — 228,847 Consumer direct 124,729 — 408 — 125,137 Indirect auto 129,306 — 1,848 — 131,154 Total loans, excluding PCI loans 8,580,639 112,674 140,260 — 8,833,573 Owner occupied commercial real estate 1,905 5,262 2,368 — 9,535 Income producing commercial real estate 26,499 8,204 2,100 — 36,803 Commercial & industrial 86 50 224 — 360 Commercial construction 3,190 581 3,230 — 7,001 Equipment financing 4,715 — 16 — 4,731 Total commercial 36,395 14,097 7,938 — 58,430 Residential mortgage 7,505 — 1,472 — 8,977 Home equity lines of credit 1,361 — 40 — 1,401 Residential construction 467 — 38 — 505 Consumer direct 354 — 26 — 380 Indirect auto — — — — — Total PCI loans 46,082 14,097 9,514 — 69,693 Total loan portfolio $ 8,626,721 $ 126,771 $ 149,774 $ — $ 8,903,266 As of December 31, 2018 Owner occupied commercial real estate $ 1,585,797 $ 16,651 $ 35,604 $ — $ 1,638,052 Income producing commercial real estate 1,735,456 20,923 17,730 — 1,774,109 Commercial & industrial 1,247,206 8,430 22,303 — 1,277,939 Commercial construction 777,780 4,533 7,938 — 790,251 Equipment financing 553,995 — 2,677 — 556,672 Total commercial 5,900,234 50,537 86,252 — 6,037,023 Residential mortgage 1,028,660 — 11,422 — 1,040,082 Home equity lines of credit 688,493 — 3,905 — 692,398 Residential construction 209,744 — 533 — 210,277 Consumer direct 121,247 19 214 — 121,480 Indirect auto 205,632 — 2,060 — 207,692 Total loans, excluding PCI loans 8,154,010 50,556 104,386 — 8,308,952 Owner occupied commercial real estate 3,352 2,774 3,726 — 9,852 Income producing commercial real estate 23,430 13,403 1,478 — 38,311 Commercial & industrial 266 48 94 — 408 Commercial construction 3,503 188 2,216 — 5,907 Equipment financing 7,725 — 217 — 7,942 Total commercial 38,276 16,413 7,731 — 62,420 Residential mortgage 6,914 — 2,236 — 9,150 Home equity lines of credit 1,492 — 120 — 1,612 Residential construction 687 — 47 — 734 Consumer direct 493 — 40 — 533 Indirect auto — — — — — Total PCI loans 47,862 16,413 10,174 — 74,449 Total loan portfolio $ 8,201,872 $ 66,969 $ 114,560 $ — $ 8,383,401 |