Loans and Leases and Allowance for Credit Losses | Loans and Leases and Allowance for Credit Losses Major classifications of the loan and lease portfolio (collectively referred to as the “loan portfolio” or “loans”) are summarized as of the dates indicated as follows (in thousands) . September 30, 2022 December 31, 2021 Owner occupied commercial real estate $ 2,700,345 $ 2,321,685 Income producing commercial real estate 3,298,847 2,600,858 Commercial & industrial (1) 2,237,591 1,910,162 Commercial construction 1,514,145 1,014,830 Equipment financing 1,280,856 1,083,021 Total commercial 11,031,784 8,930,556 Residential mortgage 2,149,490 1,637,885 HELOC 832,140 694,034 Residential construction 422,737 359,815 Manufactured housing 300,874 — Consumer 145,459 138,056 Total loans 14,882,484 11,760,346 Less allowance for credit losses - loans (148,502) (102,532) Loans, net $ 14,733,982 $ 11,657,814 (1) Commercial and industrial loans as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021 included $2.44 million and $88.3 million of PPP loans, respectively. Accrued interest receivable related to loans totaled $43.1 million and $28.5 million at September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively, and was reported in other assets on the consolidated balance sheets. Accrued interest receivable was excluded from the estimate of credit losses. At September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, the loan portfolio was subject to blanket pledges on certain qualifying loan types with the FHLB and FRB to secure contingent funding sources. The following table presents the amortized cost of loans held for investment that were sold in the periods indicated (in thousands). The gains on these loan sales were included in noninterest income on the consolidated statements of income. Three Months Ended September 30, Nine Months Ended September 30, 2022 2021 2022 2021 Guaranteed portion of SBA/USDA loans $ 20,405 $ 13,484 $ 87,867 $ 57,132 Equipment financing receivables 21,557 19,273 65,534 39,240 Total $ 41,962 $ 32,757 $ 153,401 $ 96,372 At September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, equipment financing receivables included leases of $44.0 million and $37.7 million, respectively. The components of the net investment in leases, which included both sales-type and direct financing, are presented below (in thousands) . September 30, 2022 December 31, 2021 Minimum future lease payments receivable $ 47,177 $ 39,962 Estimated residual value of leased equipment 3,046 3,216 Initial direct costs 744 669 Security deposits (472) (687) Unearned income (6,482) (5,432) Net investment in leases $ 44,013 $ 37,728 Minimum future lease payments expected to be received from equipment financing lease contracts as of September 30, 2022 were as follows (in thousands) : Year Remainder of 2022 $ 4,521 2023 16,041 2024 11,714 2025 8,237 2026 4,891 Thereafter 1,773 Total $ 47,177 Nonaccrual and Past Due Loans HFI The following table presents the aging of the amortized cost basis in loans by aging category and accrual status as of the dates indicated (in thousands) . Past due status is based on contractual terms of the loan. The accrual of interest is generally discontinued when a loan becomes 90 days past due. Accruing Current Loans Loans Past Due 30 - 59 Days 60 - 89 Days > 90 Days Nonaccrual Loans Total Loans As of September 30, 2022 Owner occupied commercial real estate $ 2,696,495 $ 2,597 $ 376 $ — $ 877 $ 2,700,345 Income producing commercial real estate 3,292,966 3,170 48 — 2,663 3,298,847 Commercial & industrial 2,224,863 1,383 213 24 11,108 2,237,591 Commercial construction 1,513,544 451 — — 150 1,514,145 Equipment financing 1,274,342 1,918 1,398 — 3,198 1,280,856 Total commercial 11,002,210 9,519 2,035 24 17,996 11,031,784 Residential mortgage 2,136,977 1,703 386 — 10,424 2,149,490 HELOC 829,400 1,393 196 — 1,151 832,140 Residential construction 422,274 92 267 — 104 422,737 Manufactured housing 292,394 3,589 704 — 4,187 300,874 Consumer 145,166 223 49 4 17 145,459 Total loans $ 14,828,421 $ 16,519 $ 3,637 $ 28 $ 33,879 $ 14,882,484 As of December 31, 2021 Owner occupied commercial real estate $ 2,318,944 $ 27 $ — $ — $ 2,714 $ 2,321,685 Income producing commercial real estate 2,593,124 146 — — 7,588 2,600,858 Commercial & industrial 1,903,730 584 419 — 5,429 1,910,162 Commercial construction 1,014,211 — 276 — 343 1,014,830 Equipment financing 1,079,180 1,415 685 — 1,741 1,083,021 Total commercial 8,909,189 2,172 1,380 — 17,815 8,930,556 Residential mortgage 1,622,754 1,583 235 — 13,313 1,637,885 HELOC 691,814 920 88 — 1,212 694,034 Residential construction 358,741 654 — — 420 359,815 Consumer 137,564 421 19 — 52 138,056 Total loans $ 11,720,062 $ 5,750 $ 1,722 $ — $ 32,812 $ 11,760,346 The following table presents nonaccrual loans held for investment by loan class for the periods indicated (in thousands) . Nonaccrual Loans September 30, 2022 December 31, 2021 With no allowance With an allowance Total With no allowance With an allowance Total Owner occupied commercial real estate $ 537 $ 340 $ 877 $ 2,141 $ 573 $ 2,714 Income producing commercial real estate 2,263 400 2,663 6,873 715 7,588 Commercial & industrial 10,061 1,047 11,108 3,715 1,714 5,429 Commercial construction 47 103 150 — 343 343 Equipment financing 449 2,749 3,198 — 1,741 1,741 Total commercial 13,357 4,639 17,996 12,729 5,086 17,815 Residential mortgage 2,239 8,185 10,424 3,126 10,187 13,313 HELOC 300 851 1,151 219 993 1,212 Residential construction 67 37 104 280 140 420 Manufactured housing — 4,187 4,187 — — — Consumer 1 16 17 6 46 52 Total $ 15,964 $ 17,915 $ 33,879 $ 16,360 $ 16,452 $ 32,812 Risk Ratings United categorizes commercial loans, with the exception of equipment financing receivables, into risk categories based on relevant information about the ability of borrowers to service their debt such as: current financial information, historical payment experience, public information, and current industry and economic trends, among other factors. United analyzes loans individually by classifying the loans as to credit risk. This analysis is performed on a continual basis. United uses the following definitions for its risk ratings: Pass. Loans in this category are considered to have a low probability of default and do not meet the criteria of the risk categories below. Special Mention. Loans in this category are presently protected from apparent loss; however, weaknesses exist that could cause future impairment, including the deterioration of financial ratios, past due status and questionable management capabilities. These loans require more than the ordinary amount of supervision. Collateral values generally afford adequate coverage, but may not be immediately marketable. Substandard. These loans are inadequately protected by the current net worth and paying capacity of the obligor or by the collateral pledged. Specific and well-defined weaknesses exist that may include poor liquidity and deterioration of financial ratios. The loan may be past due and related deposit accounts experiencing overdrafts. There is the distinct possibility that United will sustain some loss if deficiencies are not corrected. If possible, immediate corrective action is taken. Doubtful. Specific weaknesses characterized as Substandard that are severe enough to make collection in full highly questionable and improbable. There is no reliable secondary source of full repayment. Loss. Loans categorized as Loss have the same characteristics as Doubtful; however, probability of loss is certain. Loans classified as Loss are charged off. Equipment Financing Receivables and Consumer Purpose Loans. United applies a pass / fail grading system to all equipment financing receivables and consumer purpose loans. Under this system, loans that are on nonaccrual status, become past due 90 days, or are in bankruptcy and 30 or more days past due are classified as “fail” and all other loans are classified as “pass”. For reporting purposes, loans in these categories that are classified as “fail” are reported as substandard and all other loans are reported as pass. The following tables present the risk category of term loans by vintage year, which is the year of origination or most recent renewal, as of the date indicated (in thousands) . Term Loans Revolvers Revolvers converted to term loans Total As of September 30, 2022 2022 2021 2020 2019 2018 Prior Pass Owner occupied commercial real estate $ 537,628 $ 690,355 $ 630,238 $ 217,689 $ 132,341 $ 297,665 $ 107,380 $ 5,948 $ 2,619,244 Income producing commercial real estate 659,896 810,374 770,008 301,271 178,480 302,937 43,144 9,127 3,075,237 Commercial & industrial 391,665 442,865 199,960 142,415 126,773 80,396 691,597 18,923 2,094,594 Commercial construction 497,066 478,007 284,335 113,523 13,002 21,633 72,161 1,343 1,481,070 Equipment financing 535,508 411,108 187,297 108,817 31,409 2,596 — — 1,276,735 Total commercial 2,621,763 2,832,709 2,071,838 883,715 482,005 705,227 914,282 35,341 10,546,880 Residential mortgage 640,179 762,959 339,633 94,368 58,005 237,641 8 3,120 2,135,913 HELOC — — — — — — 807,985 22,482 830,467 Residential construction 259,062 144,816 6,233 1,895 1,637 8,474 65 375 422,557 Manufactured housing 58,475 56,252 50,323 35,847 32,026 62,615 — — 295,538 Consumer 58,222 34,549 18,008 5,420 2,314 856 25,869 129 145,367 3,637,701 3,831,285 2,486,035 1,021,245 575,987 1,014,813 1,748,209 61,447 14,376,722 Special Mention Owner occupied commercial real estate 6,540 7,663 5,262 9,585 4,217 5,164 3,065 2,964 44,460 Income producing commercial real estate 46,138 10,285 45,578 20,106 21,798 13,318 1 — 157,224 Commercial & industrial 16,279 32,282 5,751 847 1,337 250 34,169 297 91,212 Commercial construction 530 35 62 13,319 4,917 29 — — 18,892 Equipment financing — — — — — — — — — Total commercial 69,487 50,265 56,653 43,857 32,269 18,761 37,235 3,261 311,788 Residential mortgage — — — — — — — — — HELOC — — — — — — — — — Residential construction — — — — — — — — — Manufactured housing — — — — — — — — — Consumer — — — — — — — — — 69,487 50,265 56,653 43,857 32,269 18,761 37,235 3,261 311,788 Substandard Owner occupied commercial real estate 6,801 529 4,016 8,654 1,210 14,184 210 1,037 36,641 Income producing commercial real estate 34,352 1,779 1,368 4,621 13,292 10,519 391 64 66,386 Commercial & industrial 5,194 9,958 2,247 5,696 10,935 1,273 16,035 447 51,785 Commercial construction 148 42 47 3 3,925 9,772 — 246 14,183 Equipment financing 646 1,044 1,141 696 576 18 — — 4,121 Total commercial 47,141 13,352 8,819 19,670 29,938 35,766 16,636 1,794 173,116 Residential mortgage 1,401 1,167 1,361 1,861 2,483 5,145 — 159 13,577 HELOC — — — — — — 24 1,649 1,673 Residential construction 2 — — 21 4 153 — — 180 Manufactured housing 424 672 739 690 953 1,858 — — 5,336 Consumer — 35 15 2 32 8 — — 92 48,968 15,226 10,934 22,244 33,410 42,930 16,660 3,602 193,974 Total $ 3,756,156 $ 3,896,776 $ 2,553,622 $ 1,087,346 $ 641,666 $ 1,076,504 $ 1,802,104 $ 68,310 $ 14,882,484 Term Loans Revolvers Revolvers converted to term loans Total As of December 31, 2021 2021 2020 2019 2018 2017 Prior Pass Owner occupied commercial real estate $ 643,151 $ 674,124 $ 278,702 $ 153,233 $ 139,584 $ 267,460 $ 68,354 $ 17,150 $ 2,241,758 Income producing commercial real estate 668,322 678,487 333,911 221,218 165,563 219,459 41,157 11,830 2,339,947 Commercial & industrial 638,567 270,150 178,944 136,281 50,567 72,904 514,750 4,361 1,866,524 Commercial construction 378,695 303,154 149,740 40,625 22,983 13,206 12,628 1,673 922,704 Equipment financing 563,618 271,913 167,904 63,254 13,145 903 — — 1,080,737 Total commercial 2,892,353 2,197,828 1,109,201 614,611 391,842 573,932 636,889 35,014 8,451,670 Residential mortgage 781,007 370,092 108,091 64,346 71,552 221,131 9 3,915 1,620,143 HELOC — — — — — — 676,545 14,994 691,539 Residential construction 325,111 16,301 2,802 2,278 3,144 9,352 — 33 359,021 Consumer 57,530 29,218 10,757 5,137 1,439 1,355 32,312 111 137,859 4,056,001 2,613,439 1,230,851 686,372 467,977 805,770 1,345,755 54,067 11,260,232 Special Mention Owner occupied commercial real estate 7,772 2,979 16,639 4,374 6,007 2,641 248 286 40,946 Income producing commercial real estate 64,139 27,875 21,875 22,292 18,415 21,880 — — 176,476 Commercial & industrial 1,037 1,831 2,740 597 273 303 2,242 — 9,023 Commercial construction 14,283 16,237 13,149 22,479 11,766 52 — — 77,966 Equipment financing — — — — — — — — — Total commercial 87,231 48,922 54,403 49,742 36,461 24,876 2,490 286 304,411 Residential mortgage — — — — — — — — — HELOC — — — — — — — — — Residential construction — — — — — — — — — Consumer — — — — — — — — — 87,231 48,922 54,403 49,742 36,461 24,876 2,490 286 304,411 Substandard Owner occupied commercial real estate 11,987 1,049 4,216 3,712 5,829 11,088 — 1,100 38,981 Income producing commercial real estate 15,485 12,618 3,779 29,212 6,726 16,531 — 84 84,435 Commercial & industrial 2,741 1,615 5,284 12,685 1,232 5,863 4,326 869 34,615 Commercial construction 3,464 157 272 11 9,750 255 — 251 14,160 Equipment financing 428 590 676 503 84 3 — — 2,284 Total commercial 34,105 16,029 14,227 46,123 23,621 33,740 4,326 2,304 174,475 Residential mortgage 3,339 1,585 2,813 3,229 1,205 4,744 — 827 17,742 HELOC — — — — — — 329 2,166 2,495 Residential construction 407 — 30 51 — 306 — — 794 Consumer 37 16 22 26 22 50 3 21 197 37,888 17,630 17,092 49,429 24,848 38,840 4,658 5,318 195,703 Total $ 4,181,120 $ 2,679,991 $ 1,302,346 $ 785,543 $ 529,286 $ 869,486 $ 1,352,903 $ 59,671 $ 11,760,346 Troubled Debt Restructurings As of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, United had TDRs totaling $42.9 million and $52.4 million, respectively. Loans modified under the terms of a TDR during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021 are presented in the following table. In addition, the table presents loans modified under the terms of a TDR that defaulted (became 90 days or more delinquent or otherwise in default of modified terms) during the periods presented and were initially restructured within one year prior to default (dollars in thousands). New TDRs TDRs Modified Within the Previous Twelve Months That Have Subsequently Defaulted Post-Modification Amortized Cost by Type of Modification Number of Contracts Rate Structure Other Total Number of Amortized Cost Three Months Ended September 30, 2022 Owner occupied commercial real estate — $ — $ — $ — $ — — $ — Income producing commercial real estate — — — — — — — Commercial & industrial 1 — 715 — 715 — — Commercial construction — — — — — — — Equipment financing 11 — 2,103 — 2,103 1 30 Total commercial 12 — 2,818 — 2,818 1 30 Residential mortgage 4 — 304 — 304 2 400 HELOC — — — — — — — Residential construction — — — — — — — Manufactured housing — — — — — — — Consumer — — — — — — — Total loans 16 $ — $ 3,122 $ — $ 3,122 3 $ 430 Nine Months Ended September 30, 2022 Owner occupied commercial real estate 1 $ — $ 112 $ — $ 112 — $ — Income producing commercial real estate — — — — — — — Commercial & industrial 2 — 1,118 — 1,118 — — Commercial construction — — — — — — — Equipment financing 38 — 6,952 — 6,952 10 438 Total commercial 41 — 8,182 — 8,182 10 438 Residential mortgage 8 — 877 — 877 3 456 HELOC 7 — 1,242 6 1,248 — — Residential construction — — — — — — — Manufactured housing — — — — — — — Consumer — — — — — — — Total loans 56 $ — $ 10,301 $ 6 $ 10,307 13 $ 894 Three Months Ended September 30, 2021 Owner occupied commercial real estate — $ — $ — $ — $ — — $ — Income producing commercial real estate — — — — — — — Commercial & industrial 3 — 166 — 166 — — Commercial construction — — — — — — — Equipment financing 11 — 399 — 399 3 96 Total commercial 14 — 565 — 565 3 96 Residential mortgage 6 — 649 — 649 1 180 HELOC — — — — — 1 43 Residential construction — — — — — — — Consumer — — — — — — — Total loans 20 $ — $ 1,214 $ — $ 1,214 5 $ 319 Nine Months Ended September 30, 2021 Owner occupied commercial real estate 1 $ — $ 543 $ — $ 543 — $ — Income producing commercial real estate 3 — — 1,697 1,697 — — Commercial & industrial 7 — 531 103 634 1 11 Commercial construction 1 — 309 — 309 — — Equipment financing 47 — 2,861 — 2,861 11 296 Total commercial 59 — 4,244 1,800 6,044 12 307 Residential mortgage 12 — 1,040 — 1,040 4 593 HELOC — — — — — 2 92 Residential construction — — — — — — — Consumer — — — — — — — Total loans 71 $ — $ 5,284 $ 1,800 $ 7,084 18 $ 992 Allowance for Credit Losses The ACL for loans represents management’s estimate of life of loan credit losses in the portfolio as of the end of the period. The ACL related to unfunded commitments is included in other liabilities in the consolidated balance sheet. At both September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, United used a one-year reasonable and supportable forecast period. Expected credit losses were estimated using a regression model for each segment based on historical data from peer banks combined with a third party vendor’s baseline economic forecast to predict the change in credit losses. These estimates were then combined with a starting value that was based on United’s recent default experience, with the results subject to a floor. At September 30, 2022, United applied qualitative adjustments to the model output for the income producing commercial real estate, commercial construction, HELOCs, residential mortgage and residential construction portfolios. With regard to income producing commercial real estate, the qualitative adjustments reflected continued credit concerns related to the senior care portfolio, elevated criticized loans relative to the pre-pandemic period and inflationary concerns related to the impact of rising rates on commercial real estate values. Qualitative adjustments for the other categories lowered the amount of required allowance due to management’s expectation with respect to the timing of deteriorating economic conditions in the forecast. For periods beyond the reasonable and supportable forecast period of one year, United reverted to historical credit loss information on a straight line basis over two years. For all collateral types excluding residential mortgage and manufactured housing, United reverted to through-the-cycle average default rates using peer data from 2000 to 2017. For loans secured by residential mortgages and manufactured housing, the peer data was adjusted to account for the changes in lending practices designed to prevent the magnitude of losses observed during the mortgage crisis. PPP loans were considered low risk assets due to the related 100% guarantee by the SBA and were therefore excluded from the calculation. The following table presents the balance and activity in the ACL by portfolio segment for the periods indicated (in thousands) . Three Months Ended September 30, 2022 2021 Beginning Balance Charge-Offs Recoveries (Release) Provision Ending Balance Beginning Balance Charge-Offs Recoveries (Release) Provision Ending Balance Owner occupied commercial real estate $ 16,774 $ — $ 90 $ 2,192 $ 19,056 $ 17,292 $ (443) $ 536 $ (3,241) $ 14,144 Income producing commercial real estate 33,284 (202) 26 (1,498) 31,610 30,967 (120) 75 (7,531) 23,391 Commercial & industrial 18,267 (373) 1,117 1,907 20,918 16,414 (320) 411 (262) 16,243 Commercial construction 16,062 — (10) 1,902 17,954 9,180 — 123 (1,131) 8,172 Equipment financing 18,409 (1,987) 866 3,277 20,565 18,100 (1,165) 653 (288) 17,300 Residential mortgage 17,035 — 66 2,234 19,335 10,965 (127) 76 559 11,473 HELOC 7,487 (27) 129 884 8,473 6,357 (65) 167 (40) 6,419 Residential construction 2,086 — 109 109 2,304 1,918 — 37 (19) 1,936 Manufactured housing 6,614 (225) 5 958 7,352 — — — — — Consumer 907 (1,010) 292 746 935 423 (611) 222 508 542 ACL - loans 136,925 (3,824) 2,690 12,711 148,502 111,616 (2,851) 2,300 (11,445) 99,620 ACL - unfunded commitments 16,117 — — 2,681 18,798 10,844 — — 411 11,255 Total ACL $ 153,042 $ (3,824) $ 2,690 $ 15,392 $ 167,300 $ 122,460 $ (2,851) $ 2,300 $ (11,034) $ 110,875 Nine Months Ended September 30, 2022 2021 Beginning Balance Initial ACL - PCD loans (1) Charge-Offs Recoveries (Release) Provision Ending Balance Beginning Charge- Recoveries (Release) Ending Owner occupied commercial real estate $ 14,282 $ 266 $ — $ 1,631 $ 2,877 $ 19,056 $ 20,673 $ (1,503) $ 932 $ (5,958) $ 14,144 Income producing commercial real estate 24,156 4,366 (202) 432 2,858 31,610 41,737 (174) 304 (18,476) 23,391 Commercial & industrial 16,592 2,337 (4,978) 3,095 3,872 20,918 22,019 (4,017) 6,855 (8,614) 16,243 Commercial construction 9,956 2,857 (41) 548 4,634 17,954 10,952 (224) 618 (3,174) 8,172 Equipment financing 16,290 — (4,644) 2,349 6,570 20,565 16,820 (4,411) 2,087 2,804 17,300 Residential mortgage 12,390 385 (53) 267 6,346 19,335 15,341 (342) 393 (3,919) 11,473 HELOC 6,568 60 (36) 565 1,316 8,473 8,417 (99) 386 (2,285) 6,419 Residential construction 1,847 1 — 208 248 2,304 764 (10) 140 1,042 1,936 Manufactured housing — 2,438 (533) 14 5,433 7,352 — — — — — Consumer 451 27 (2,544) 879 2,122 935 287 (1,435) 710 980 542 ACL - loans 102,532 12,737 (13,031) 9,988 36,276 148,502 137,010 (12,215) 12,425 (37,600) 99,620 ACL - unfunded commitments 10,992 — — — 7,806 18,798 10,558 — — 697 11,255 Total ACL $ 113,524 $ 12,737 $ (13,031) $ 9,988 $ 44,082 $ 167,300 $ 147,568 $ (12,215) $ 12,425 $ (36,903) $ 110,875 (1) Represents the initial ACL related to PCD loans acquired in the Reliant transaction. |