Loans and Leases and Allowance for Credit Losses | Loans and Leases and Allowance for Credit Losses Major classifications of the loan and lease portfolio (collectively referred to as the “loan portfolio” or “loans”) are summarized as of the dates indicated as follows. (in thousands) June 30, 2024 December 31, 2023 Owner occupied CRE $ 3,296,793 $ 3,264,051 Income producing CRE 4,058,076 4,263,952 Commercial & industrial 2,299,009 2,411,045 Commercial construction 2,013,672 1,859,538 Equipment financing 1,581,336 1,541,120 Total commercial 13,248,886 13,339,706 Residential mortgage 3,265,818 3,198,928 Home equity 984,967 958,987 Residential construction 211,448 301,650 Manufactured housing 320,774 336,474 Consumer 183,053 181,117 Total loans excluding fair value hedge basis adjustment 18,214,946 18,316,862 Fair value hedge basis adjustment (3,753) 1,893 Total loans 18,211,193 18,318,755 Less ACL - loans (213,022) (208,071) Loans, net $ 17,998,171 $ 18,110,684 Accrued interest receivable related to loans totaled $66.8 million and $67.0 million on June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively, and was reported in other assets on the consolidated balance sheets. Accrued interest receivable was excluded from the estimate of credit losses. At June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the loan portfolio included certain loans specifically pledged to the Federal Reserve as well as loans covered by a blanket lien on qualifying loan types with the FHLB to secure contingent funding sources. The following table presents the amortized cost of certain loans held for investment that were sold in the periods indicated. The gains on these loan sales were included in noninterest income on the consolidated statements of income. Three Months Ended June 30, Six Months Ended June 30, (in thousands) 2024 2023 2024 2023 Guaranteed portion of SBA/USDA loans $ 18,311 $ 22,072 $ 27,699 $ 43,842 Equipment financing receivables 8,391 20,571 36,714 39,274 Total $ 26,702 $ 42,643 $ 64,413 $ 83,116 At June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, equipment financing receivables included leases of $79.6 million and $68.9 million, respectively. The components of the net investment in leases, which included both sales-type and direct financing, are presented below. (in thousands) June 30, 2024 December 31, 2023 Minimum future lease payments receivable $ 87,333 $ 75,198 Estimated residual value of leased equipment 4,916 4,445 Initial direct costs 1,664 1,402 Security deposits (448) (413) Unearned income (13,900) (11,711) Net investment in leases $ 79,565 $ 68,921 Minimum future lease payments expected to be received from equipment financing lease contracts as of June 30, 2024 were as follows: (in thousands) Year Remainder of 2024 $ 15,001 2025 27,016 2026 21,080 2027 15,187 2028 7,809 Thereafter 1,240 Total $ 87,333 Nonaccrual and Past Due Loans The following table presents the aging of the amortized cost basis in loans by aging category and accrual status as of the dates indicated. Past due status is based on contractual terms of the loan. The accrual of interest is generally discontinued when a loan becomes 90 days past due. Accruing Current Loans Loans Past Due (in thousands) 30 - 59 Days 60 - 89 Days > 90 Days Nonaccrual Loans Total Loans As of June 30, 2024 Owner occupied CRE $ 3,286,682 $ 3,687 $ 1,604 $ — $ 4,820 $ 3,296,793 Income producing CRE 4,022,552 533 706 — 34,285 4,058,076 Commercial & industrial 2,274,054 6,911 709 — 17,335 2,299,009 Commercial construction 2,005,634 15 1,169 — 6,854 2,013,672 Equipment financing 1,566,103 2,738 4,154 — 8,341 1,581,336 Total commercial 13,155,025 13,884 8,342 — 71,635 13,248,886 Residential mortgage 3,238,637 6,386 2,322 — 18,473 3,265,818 Home equity 978,546 2,184 457 1 3,779 984,967 Residential construction 211,172 69 44 — 163 211,448 Manufactured housing 287,621 10,242 2,555 — 20,356 320,774 Consumer 182,144 747 90 — 72 183,053 Total loans $ 18,053,145 $ 33,512 $ 13,810 $ 1 $ 114,478 $ 18,214,946 As of December 31, 2023 Owner occupied CRE $ 3,258,015 $ 2,942 $ — $ — $ 3,094 $ 3,264,051 Income producing CRE 4,230,140 3,684 — — 30,128 4,263,952 Commercial & industrial 2,388,076 8,129 1,373 — 13,467 2,411,045 Commercial construction 1,857,660 — — — 1,878 1,859,538 Equipment financing 1,522,962 5,895 3,758 — 8,505 1,541,120 Total commercial 13,256,853 20,650 5,131 — 57,072 13,339,706 Residential mortgage 3,179,329 4,622 1,033 — 13,944 3,198,928 Home equity 950,841 4,106 268 — 3,772 958,987 Residential construction 299,230 1,255 221 — 944 301,650 Manufactured housing 304,794 12,622 3,197 — 15,861 336,474 Consumer 180,245 686 92 — 94 181,117 Total loans $ 18,171,292 $ 43,941 $ 9,942 $ — $ 91,687 $ 18,316,862 At June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, United had $62.2 million and $48.5 million, respectively, in loans for which repayment is expected to be provided substantially through the operation or sale of the collateral. Estimated credit losses for these loans are based on the net realizable value of the collateral relative to the amortized cost of the loan. The majority of these loans are income producing CRE and commercial and industrial loans. The following table presents nonaccrual loans held for investment by loan class for the periods indicated. Nonaccrual Loans June 30, 2024 December 31, 2023 (in thousands) With no allowance With an allowance Total With no allowance With an allowance Total Owner occupied CRE $ 3,667 $ 1,153 $ 4,820 $ 2,451 $ 643 $ 3,094 Income producing CRE 18,404 15,881 34,285 11,003 19,125 30,128 Commercial & industrial 10,153 7,182 17,335 11,940 1,527 13,467 Commercial construction 4,834 2,020 6,854 1,784 94 1,878 Equipment financing 38 8,303 8,341 57 8,448 8,505 Total commercial 37,096 34,539 71,635 27,235 29,837 57,072 Residential mortgage 1,630 16,843 18,473 1,836 12,108 13,944 Home equity 344 3,435 3,779 1,276 2,496 3,772 Residential construction 114 49 163 398 546 944 Manufactured housing — 20,356 20,356 — 15,861 15,861 Consumer 2 70 72 2 92 94 Total $ 39,186 $ 75,292 $ 114,478 $ 30,747 $ 60,940 $ 91,687 Risk Ratings United categorizes commercial loans into risk categories based on relevant information about the ability of borrowers to service their debt such as: current financial information, historical payment experience, public information, and current industry and economic trends, among other factors. United analyzes loans individually by classifying the loans as to credit risk. This analysis is performed on a continual basis. United uses the following definitions for its risk ratings: Pass. Loans in this category are considered to have a low probability of default and do not meet the criteria of the risk categories below. Special Mention. Loans in this category are presently protected from apparent loss; however, weaknesses exist that could cause future impairment, including the deterioration of financial ratios, past due status and questionable management capabilities. These loans require more than the ordinary amount of supervision. Collateral values generally afford adequate coverage, but may not be immediately marketable. Substandard. These loans are inadequately protected by the current net worth and paying capacity of the obligor or by the collateral pledged. Specific and well-defined weaknesses exist that may include poor liquidity and deterioration of financial ratios. The loan may be past due and related deposit accounts experiencing overdrafts. There is the distinct possibility that United will sustain some loss if deficiencies are not corrected. If possible, immediate corrective action is taken. Doubtful. Specific weaknesses characterized as Substandard that are severe enough to make collection in full highly questionable and improbable. There is no reliable secondary source of full repayment. Loss. Loans categorized as Loss have the same characteristics as Doubtful; however, probability of loss is certain. Loans classified as Loss are charged off. Consumer Purpose Loans. United applies a pass / fail grading system to all consumer purpose loans. Under this system, loans that are on nonaccrual status, become past due 90 days, or are in bankruptcy and 30 or more days past due are classified as “fail” and all other loans are classified as “pass”. For reporting purposes, loans in these categories that are classified as “fail” are reported as substandard and all other loans are reported as pass. The following tables present the risk category of term loans and gross charge-offs by vintage year, which is the year of origination or most recent renewal, as of the date indicated. See Note 1 for description of revisions to December 31, 2023 table. (in thousands) Term Loans by Origination Year Revolvers Revolvers converted to term loans Total As of June 30, 2024 2024 2023 2022 2021 2020 Prior Owner occupied CRE Pass $ 203,509 $ 571,318 $ 636,763 $ 600,078 $ 533,462 $ 508,040 $ 117,945 $ 17,714 $ 3,188,829 Special Mention 730 5,441 17,339 13,231 10,021 8,593 2,480 2,743 60,578 Substandard 2,411 287 12,902 6,524 6,554 17,418 1,290 — 47,386 Total owner occupied CRE $ 206,650 $ 577,046 $ 667,004 $ 619,833 $ 550,037 $ 534,051 $ 121,715 $ 20,457 $ 3,296,793 Current period gross charge-offs $ — $ — $ 221 $ — $ — $ 580 $ — $ — $ 801 Income producing CRE Pass $ 150,897 $ 416,384 $ 865,687 $ 821,078 $ 704,597 $ 753,181 $ 47,497 $ 12,390 $ 3,771,711 Special Mention 27,151 2,387 29,031 3,494 9,393 24,853 49 — 96,358 Substandard 12,974 43,723 10,464 1,092 22,761 98,993 — — 190,007 Total income producing CRE $ 191,022 $ 462,494 $ 905,182 $ 825,664 $ 736,751 $ 877,027 $ 47,546 $ 12,390 $ 4,058,076 Current period gross charge-offs $ — $ 3,129 $ — $ — $ — $ 229 $ — $ — $ 3,358 Commercial & industrial Pass $ 204,233 $ 472,293 $ 348,857 $ 245,826 $ 137,009 $ 219,709 $ 512,033 $ 7,975 $ 2,147,935 Special Mention 23,454 17,090 1,916 1,817 2,686 1,203 26,586 1,776 76,528 Substandard 903 15,419 6,103 14,844 5,283 8,033 22,896 1,065 74,546 Total commercial & industrial $ 228,590 $ 504,802 $ 356,876 $ 262,487 $ 144,978 $ 228,945 $ 561,515 $ 10,816 $ 2,299,009 Current period gross charge-offs $ — $ 1,972 $ 1,949 $ 1,203 $ 436 $ 1,044 $ — $ 1,466 $ 8,070 Commercial construction Pass $ 228,487 $ 518,348 $ 676,319 $ 360,532 $ 73,221 $ 77,321 $ 59,765 $ 2,174 $ 1,996,167 Special Mention 4,850 172 529 2 — 112 1,932 — 7,597 Substandard 1,903 3,721 2,629 395 1,021 239 — — 9,908 Total commercial construction $ 235,240 $ 522,241 $ 679,477 $ 360,929 $ 74,242 $ 77,672 $ 61,697 $ 2,174 $ 2,013,672 Current period gross charge-offs $ — $ — $ 53 $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ 53 Equipment financing Pass $ 367,197 $ 535,699 $ 408,606 $ 172,520 $ 56,633 $ 26,425 $ — $ — $ 1,567,080 Special Mention — — 764 2,210 837 616 — — 4,427 Substandard 172 1,752 4,036 2,644 438 787 — — 9,829 Total equipment financing $ 367,369 $ 537,451 $ 413,406 $ 177,374 $ 57,908 $ 27,828 $ — $ — $ 1,581,336 Current period gross charge-offs $ — $ 2,728 $ 6,739 $ 3,684 $ 611 $ 131 $ — $ — $ 13,893 Residential mortgage Pass $ 59,264 $ 320,686 $ 1,032,241 $ 1,028,897 $ 420,718 $ 377,977 $ 6 $ 3,091 $ 3,242,880 Substandard 1,969 2,583 4,748 1,900 1,771 9,697 — 270 22,938 Total residential mortgage $ 61,233 $ 323,269 $ 1,036,989 $ 1,030,797 $ 422,489 $ 387,674 $ 6 $ 3,361 $ 3,265,818 Current period gross charge-offs $ — $ — $ 13 $ 1 $ — $ 8 $ — $ — $ 22 Home equity Pass $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ 952,634 $ 28,093 $ 980,727 Substandard — — — — — — — 4,240 4,240 Total home equity $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ 952,634 $ 32,333 $ 984,967 Current period gross charge-offs $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ 7 $ 7 Residential construction Pass $ 24,353 $ 98,195 $ 62,977 $ 15,051 $ 4,778 $ 5,748 $ — $ 91 $ 211,193 Substandard — — 144 — 6 105 — — 255 Total residential construction $ 24,353 $ 98,195 $ 63,121 $ 15,051 $ 4,784 $ 5,853 $ — $ 91 $ 211,448 Current period gross charge-offs $ — $ 141 $ — $ 48 $ — $ — $ — $ — $ 189 Manufactured housing Pass $ — $ 42,377 $ 65,869 $ 46,715 $ 40,841 $ 103,113 $ — $ — $ 298,915 Substandard 126 2,160 4,862 3,877 4,009 6,825 — — 21,859 Total consumer $ 126 $ 44,537 $ 70,731 $ 50,592 $ 44,850 $ 109,938 $ — $ — $ 320,774 Current period gross charge-offs $ — $ 491 $ 1,099 $ 377 $ 406 $ 467 $ — $ — $ 2,840 Consumer Pass $ 53,462 $ 59,035 $ 28,837 $ 11,233 $ 8,692 $ 971 $ 20,214 $ 447 $ 182,891 Substandard — 22 58 55 20 7 — — 162 Total consumer $ 53,462 $ 59,057 $ 28,895 $ 11,288 $ 8,712 $ 978 $ 20,214 $ 447 $ 183,053 Current period gross charge-offs $ 1,403 $ 166 $ 96 $ 25 $ 9 $ — $ — $ 78 $ 1,777 (in thousands) Term Loans Revolvers Revolvers converted to term loans Total December 31, 2023 (revised) 2023 2022 2021 2020 2019 Prior Owner occupied CRE Pass $ 592,932 $ 654,845 $ 618,811 $ 577,916 $ 224,684 $ 364,579 $ 117,212 $ 18,671 $ 3,169,650 Special Mention 1,308 7,768 4,266 4,919 9,221 6,155 100 254 33,991 Substandard 3,266 8,037 15,975 11,544 8,437 9,042 1,421 2,688 60,410 Total owner occupied CRE $ 597,506 $ 670,650 $ 639,052 $ 594,379 $ 242,342 $ 379,776 $ 118,733 $ 21,613 $ 3,264,051 Current period gross charge-offs $ — $ 48 $ — $ 819 $ — $ 207 $ — $ — $ 1,074 Income producing CRE Pass $ 464,979 $ 904,015 $ 863,308 $ 795,143 $ 362,139 $ 526,968 $ 50,659 $ 13,247 $ 3,980,458 Special Mention 7,626 31,993 18,989 26,217 19,904 27,893 — — 132,622 Substandard 31,530 10,041 6,343 5,436 43,450 54,018 — 54 150,872 Total income producing CRE $ 504,135 $ 946,049 $ 888,640 $ 826,796 $ 425,493 $ 608,879 $ 50,659 $ 13,301 $ 4,263,952 Current period gross charge-offs $ — $ 2,534 $ — $ — $ — $ 5,324 $ — $ — $ 7,858 Commercial & industrial Pass $ 573,391 $ 431,962 $ 280,372 $ 136,975 $ 86,300 $ 169,570 $ 581,871 $ 13,332 $ 2,273,773 Special Mention 2,908 4,449 1,642 5,430 5,473 718 14,861 274 35,755 Substandard 5,272 5,022 23,562 11,432 5,454 3,178 46,282 1,315 101,517 Total commercial & industrial $ 581,571 $ 441,433 $ 305,576 $ 153,837 $ 97,227 $ 173,466 $ 643,014 $ 14,921 $ 2,411,045 Current period gross charge-offs $ 5,430 $ 1,462 $ 13,271 $ 2,477 $ 787 $ 286 $ — $ 1,825 $ 25,538 Commercial construction Pass $ 525,988 $ 647,516 $ 396,958 $ 111,045 $ 66,635 $ 28,902 $ 62,370 $ 966 $ 1,840,380 Special Mention — — 6 28 — 124 — — 158 Substandard 1,109 2,408 10,018 5,188 195 82 — — 19,000 Total commercial construction $ 527,097 $ 649,924 $ 406,982 $ 116,261 $ 66,830 $ 29,108 $ 62,370 $ 966 $ 1,859,538 Current period gross charge-offs $ — $ 60 $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ 60 Equipment financing Pass $ 673,201 $ 496,336 $ 233,422 $ 83,507 $ 41,053 $ 3,722 $ — $ — $ 1,531,241 Substandard 1,471 4,141 2,487 960 817 3 — — 9,879 Total equipment financing $ 674,672 $ 500,477 $ 235,909 $ 84,467 $ 41,870 $ 3,725 $ — $ — $ 1,541,120 Current period gross charge-offs $ 474 $ 10,902 $ 9,764 $ 1,960 $ 786 $ 320 $ — $ — $ 24,206 Residential mortgage Pass $ 319,604 $ 975,957 $ 1,032,182 $ 440,287 $ 130,378 $ 280,357 $ 6 $ 3,415 $ 3,182,186 Substandard 1,480 2,580 2,180 889 1,991 7,374 — 248 16,742 Total residential mortgage $ 321,084 $ 978,537 $ 1,034,362 $ 441,176 $ 132,369 $ 287,731 $ 6 $ 3,663 $ 3,198,928 Current period gross charge-offs $ — $ 51 $ — $ — $ — $ 38 $ — $ — $ 89 Home equity Pass $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ 926,596 $ 28,412 $ 955,008 Substandard — — — — — — — 3,979 3,979 Total home equity $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ 926,596 $ 32,391 $ 958,987 Current period gross charge-offs $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ 167 $ 167 Residential construction Pass $ 92,490 $ 153,868 $ 42,237 $ 5,201 $ 1,046 $ 5,655 $ — $ 93 $ 300,590 Substandard 517 243 149 6 — 145 — — 1,060 Total residential construction $ 93,007 $ 154,111 $ 42,386 $ 5,207 $ 1,046 $ 5,800 $ — $ 93 $ 301,650 Current period gross charge-offs $ — $ 1,111 $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ 1,111 Manufactured housing Pass $ 45,065 $ 69,424 $ 48,814 $ 43,735 $ 31,321 $ 80,284 $ — $ — $ 318,643 Substandard 1,078 4,647 3,570 3,020 1,282 4,234 — — 17,831 Total consumer $ 46,143 $ 74,071 $ 52,384 $ 46,755 $ 32,603 $ 84,518 $ — $ — $ 336,474 Current period gross charge-offs $ 38 $ 1,503 $ 985 $ 419 $ 279 $ 690 $ — $ — $ 3,914 Consumer Pass $ 86,049 $ 39,461 $ 16,369 $ 10,350 $ 1,214 $ 668 $ 26,239 $ 534 $ 180,884 Substandard 50 55 53 25 5 13 32 — 233 Total consumer $ 86,099 $ 39,516 $ 16,422 $ 10,375 $ 1,219 $ 681 $ 26,271 $ 534 $ 181,117 Current period gross charge-offs $ 3,245 $ 241 $ 233 $ 38 $ 15 $ 1 $ 5 $ 204 $ 3,982 Modifications to Borrowers Experiencing Financial Difficulty The period-end amortized cost and additional information regarding loans modified under the terms of a FDM during the six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023 are presented in the following tables . Six Months Ended June 30, 2024 New FDMs Defaults within 12 months of modification (dollars in thousands) Amortized Cost % of Total Class of Receivable Owner occupied CRE $ 2,697 0.1 % $ — Income producing CRE 28,553 0.7 — Commercial & industrial 27,603 1.2 — Equipment financing 4,290 0.3 284 Residential mortgage 1,994 0.1 — Manufactured housing 126 — — Total $ 65,263 0.4 $ 284 Six Months Ended June 30, 2024 New FDMs (dollars in thousands) Amortized Cost Weighted Average Modification Extension Owner occupied CRE $ 198 6 months Commercial & industrial 23,284 11 months Residential mortgage 25 1 year Total 23,507 Payment Delay Owner occupied CRE (1) 896 4 months Income producing CRE (2) 28,553 1 year Commercial & industrial (1) 155 6 months Total 29,604 Rate Reduction Commercial & industrial 891 50 basis points Payment Delay and Extension Commercial & industrial 573 Payment delay: 4 months; Extension: 3 years Equipment financing 4,290 Extension and payment delay: 8 months Total 4,863 Rate Reduction and Extension Residential mortgage 1,969 Rate reduction: 471 basis points; Extension: 2.6 years Manufactured housing 126 Rate reduction: 624 basis points; Extension: 6 years Total 2,095 Rate Reduction and Payment Delay Owner occupied CRE 1,439 Rate reduction: 75 basis points; Payment delay: 6 months Commercial & industrial 115 Rate reduction: 150 basis points; Payment delay: 6 months 1,554 Rate Reduction, Payment Delay and Extension Owner occupied CRE 164 Rate reduction: 75 basis points; Payment delay: 6 months; Extension: 3 years Commercial & industrial 2,585 Rate reduction: 267 basis points; Payment delay: 6 months; Extension: 4.5 years Total 2,749 Total $ 65,263 (1) Payment delay FDMs in bankruptcy are excluded from the weighted average payment delay calculation. (2) Payment delays in this category reflect principal payment delays, while interest payments continue in accordance with loan terms. Six Months Ended June 30, 2023 New FDMs Defaults within 12 months of modification Amortized Cost by Type of Modification (dollars in thousands) Extension Payment Delay Rate Reduction & Extension Total % of Total Class of Receivable Income producing CRE $ 38,138 $ — $ 21,202 $ 59,340 1.6 % $ — Commercial & industrial 2,718 29,517 — 32,235 1.3 — Equipment financing 8,069 — — 8,069 0.5 — Residential mortgage 57 — 630 687 — — Manufactured housing — — 259 259 0.1 — Total $ 48,982 $ 29,517 $ 22,091 $ 100,590 0.6 $ — The following paragraphs further describe the terms of FDMs executed during the six months ended June 30, 2023: Extensions for equipment financing FDMs typically consist of one or more three-month extensions beyond the original maturity date. For the remainder of extension FDMs occurring during the first six months of 2023, the weighted average extension granted was approximately eight months. Commercial and industrial payment delay FDMs include $22.7 million of loans in bankruptcy status. Excluding bankruptcy status loans, the remainder of FDMs in this category had a weighted average payment delay of approximately three months. During the six months ended June 30, 2023, FDMs categorized as rate reduction and extensions in the income producing CRE category resulted in a decrease in weighted average interest rate of 57 basis points and extended the weighted average maturity by three years. Residential mortgage and manufactured housing FDMs resulted in a decrease in the weighted average interest rate on these FDMs of 576 basis points and extended the weighted average maturity by 15 years. Allowance for Credit Losses The ACL for loans represents management’s estimate of life of loan credit losses in the portfolio as of the end of the period. The ACL related to unfunded commitments is included in other liabilities in the consolidated balance sheet. At both June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, United used a one-year reasonable and supportable forecast period. Expected credit losses were estimated using a regression model for each segment based on historical data from peer banks combined with a third party vendor’s baseline economic forecast to predict the change in credit losses. These estimates were then combined with a starting value that was based on United’s recent charge-off experience to produce an expected default rate, with the results subject to a floor. At June 30, 2024, United elected to adjust the model assumption regarding the look-back period used to determine the starting value for the expected default rate, thus lessening the need for model overlays, which in combination did not have a material impact on the ACL. In the case of commercial & industrial loans, at June 30, 2024, the expected default rate was adjusted by a model overlay based on expectations of future performance. At June 30, 2024, the third party vendor’s baseline economic forecast was similar to the forecast at December 31, 2023. At June 30, 2024, United applied qualitative adjustments to the model output for the residential mortgage, owner occupied CRE and income producing CRE portfolios. For periods beyond the reasonable and supportable forecast period of one year, United reverted to historical credit loss information on a straight line basis over two years. For most collateral types, United reverted to through-the-cycle average default rates using peer data from 2000 to 2017. For loans secured by residential mortgages and manufactured housing, the peer data was adjusted for changes in lending practices designed to mitigate the magnitude of losses observed during the 2008 mortgage crisis. The following table presents the balance and activity in the ACL by portfolio segment for the periods indicated (in thousands) . Three Months Ended June 30, 2024 2023 Beginning Balance Charge-Offs Recoveries (Release) Provision Ending Balance Beginning Balance Charge-Offs Recoveries (Release) Provision Ending Balance Owner occupied CRE $ 19,658 $ (373) $ 210 $ 2,292 $ 21,787 $ 20,831 $ — $ 205 $ 752 $ 21,788 Income producing CRE 46,798 (3,129) 161 (936) 42,894 33,607 (2,033) 849 6,352 38,775 Commercial & industrial 31,858 (3,284) 2,003 1,524 32,101 28,312 (3,753) 1,007 4,290 29,856 Commercial construction 20,023 — 48 (454) 19,617 22,073 — 105 98 22,276 Equipment financing 39,982 (6,604) 1,102 10,635 45,115 26,195 (3,752) 1,215 4,946 28,604 Residential mortgage 28,636 (6) 113 (131) 28,612 24,082 (26) 69 1,306 25,431 Home equity 9,715 — 27 (356) 9,386 10,337 (24) 83 213 10,609 Residential construction 1,529 (56) 30 (119) 1,384 2,043 (637) 14 2,026 3,446 Manufactured housing 12,044 (1,233) 83 628 11,522 8,424 (620) — 1,400 9,204 Consumer 691 (916) 210 619 604 630 (1,327) 226 1,187 716 ACL - loans 210,934 (15,601) 3,987 13,702 213,022 176,534 (12,172) 3,773 22,570 190,705 ACL - unfunded commitments 13,185 — — (1,467) 11,718 21,389 — — 183 21,572 Total ACL $ 224,119 $ (15,601) $ 3,987 $ 12,235 $ 224,740 $ 197,923 $ (12,172) $ 3,773 $ 22,753 $ 212,277 Six Months Ended June 30, 2024 2023 Beginning Balance Charge-Offs Recoveries (Release) Provision Ending Balance Beginning Initial ACL - PCD loans (1) Charge- Recoveries (Release) Ending Owner occupied CRE $ 23,542 $ (801) $ 436 $ (1,390) $ 21,787 $ 19,834 $ 181 $ (207) $ 322 $ 1,658 $ 21,788 Income producing CRE 47,755 (3,358) 185 (1,688) 42,894 32,082 307 (4,814) 1,324 9,876 38,775 Commercial & industrial 30,890 (8,070) 2,883 6,398 32,101 23,504 1,358 (4,651) 1,680 7,965 29,856 Commercial construction 21,741 (53) 81 (2,152) 19,617 20,120 39 — 142 1,975 22,276 Equipment financing 33,383 (13,893) 2,029 23,596 45,115 23,395 — (7,779) 1,867 11,121 28,604 Residential mortgage 28,219 (22) 145 270 28,612 20,809 157 (45) 175 4,335 25,431 Home equity 9,647 (7) 88 (342) 9,386 8,707 534 (145) 171 1,342 10,609 Residential construction 1,833 (189) 44 (304) 1,384 2,049 124 (637) 29 1,881 3,446 Manufactured housing 10,339 (2,840) 121 3,902 11,522 8,098 — (1,274) 26 2,354 9,204 Consumer 722 (1,777) 476 1,183 604 759 4 (2,144) 477 1,620 716 ACL - loans 208,071 (31,010) 6,488 29,473 213,022 159,357 2,704 (21,696) 6,213 44,127 190,705 ACL - unfunded commitments 16,057 — — (4,339) 11,718 21,163 — — — 409 21,572 Total ACL $ 224,128 $ (31,010) $ 6,488 $ 25,134 $ 224,740 $ 180,520 $ 2,704 $ (21,696) $ 6,213 $ 44,536 $ 212,277 |