UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM N-CSR
CERTIFIED SHAREHOLDER REPORT OF REGISTERED
MANAGEMENT INVESTMENT COMPANIES
Investment Company Act File Number: 811-05986
| T. Rowe Price Index Trust, Inc. |
| (Exact name of registrant as specified in charter) |
| 100 East Pratt Street, Baltimore, MD 21202 |
| (Address of principal executive offices) |
| David Oestreicher |
| 100 East Pratt Street, Baltimore, MD 21202 |
| (Name and address of agent for service) |
Registrant’s telephone number, including area code: (410) 345-2000
Date of fiscal year end: December 31
Date of reporting period: June 30, 2021
 |
| Extended Equity Market Index Fund | June 30, 2021 |
| PEXMX | Investor Class |
| T. ROWE PRICE EQUITY MARKET INDEX FUNDS |
HIGHLIGHTS
| ■ | Each of the three Equity Market Index Funds returned about 15% in the first half of 2021 and closely tracked its benchmark. |
| ■ | The information technology and financials sectors were two of the best-performing U.S. stock market segments. Consumer staples and utilities stocks made the least significant contributions to the funds’ performance. |
| ■ | Using full replication and sampling strategies, we kept the composition and other attributes of the index funds similar to those of their benchmarks. |
| ■ | The U.S. economy has recovered rapidly, and corporate earnings have rebounded significantly, but the economic recovery is far from complete, and the outlook is not especially clear. Our focus remains on using full replication or sampling strategies so that the Equity Market Index Funds are structured like major U.S. equity indexes and closely track their performance. |
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CIO Market Commentary
Dear Shareholder
Global stock markets produced strong returns during the first half of 2021, while rising yields weighed on returns in some bond sectors. Investor sentiment was buoyed by the reopening of developed market economies, unprecedented fiscal and monetary stimulus, and expectations that the economy would benefit from a release of pent-up demand.
All major global and regional equity benchmarks recorded positive results during the period. Developed market stocks generally outperformed emerging markets, while in the U.S., small-cap equities outpaced large-caps and value performed better than growth. The large-cap S&P 500 Index returned 15% and finished the period at a record high. The energy sector, which was the worst performer in 2020, was the leader for the six-month period amid a sharp increase in oil prices. Financial stocks also produced strong results as banks benefited from an increase in long-term interest rates, while the real estate sector was helped by a rollback in many pandemic-related restrictions. Utilities underperformed with slight gains.
Fiscal and monetary support remained a key factor in providing a positive backdrop for markets. President Joe Biden signed the $1.9 trillion American Rescue Plan Act into law in March, and the Federal Reserve kept its short-term lending rates near zero. However, as a result of strong economic growth, central bank policymakers revised their outlook in a somewhat less dovish direction near the end of the period and indicated that rate hikes could commence in 2023, which was earlier than previously expected.
The economic recovery was evident in a variety of indicators. According to the latest estimate, U.S. gross domestic product grew at an annualized rate of 6.4% in the first quarter of 2021 following 4.3% growth in the fourth quarter of 2020. Weekly jobless claims declined throughout the period to new pandemic-era lows, although the monthly nonfarm payroll report disappointed at times as employers struggled to fill positions. Meanwhile, overall profits for companies in the S&P 500 rose by nearly 53% year over year in the first quarter, according to FactSet—the best showing since late 2009.
However, less favorably, inflation concerns led to some volatility in the equity market and caused a sharp rise in longer-term Treasury yields in the first quarter. (Bond prices and yields move in opposite directions.) While inflation measures were above the Fed’s 2% long-term inflation target toward the end of our reporting period—core consumer prices, for example, recorded their largest annual increase (3.8%) since 1992 in May—investors seemed to accept the Fed’s determination that rising price pressures were due to transitory factors arising from the reopening of the global economy.
Longer-term Treasury yields trended lower as inflation expectations began to wane later in the period, but they still finished significantly higher than they were at the end of 2020. Rising yields were a headwind for many fixed income investors; however, high yield bonds, which are less sensitive to interest rate changes, produced solid results, and investment-grade corporate bonds also performed well amid solid corporate fundamentals.
As we look ahead, the central question for investors—assuming the economy’s recovery from the pandemic continues apace—is whether the returns on financial assets will be as robust. Valuations are elevated in nearly all asset classes, and, in some areas, there are clear signs of speculation. That said, a transformed global economic landscape is generating potential opportunities as well as risks. Post-pandemic trends have the potential to create both winners and losers, giving active portfolio managers greater scope to seek excess returns. It is not an easy environment to invest in, but our investment teams remain rooted in company fundamentals and focused on the long term, and they will continue to apply strong fundamental analysis as they seek out the best investments for your portfolio.
Thank you for your continued confidence in T. Rowe Price.
Sincerely,
Robert Sharps
Group Chief Investment Officer
Management’s Discussion of Fund Performance
EQUITY INDEX 500 FUND
INVESTMENT OBJECTIVE
The fund seeks to track the performance of a benchmark index that measures the investment return of large-capitalization U.S. stocks.
FUND COMMENTARY
How did the fund perform in the past six months?
Large-cap U.S. stocks rose as the economy strengthened in the first half of 2021, extending last year’s gains and lifting the S&P 500 Index to new all-time highs by the end of the period. The Equity Index 500 Fund returned 15.15% versus 15.25% for its benchmark, the S&P 500 Index. The fund’s performance tends to slightly lag that of the index due to operating and management expenses. (Performance for the I and Z Class shares will vary due to their different fee structures. Past performance cannot guarantee future results.)
What factors influenced the fund’s performance?
All sectors within the S&P 500 produced positive returns in the first half of 2021. Within our portfolio, information technology contributed the most in absolute terms. Microsoft was not only the top-performing software company, but it was also the top contributor in the entire portfolio. Despite ongoing supply constraints amid a global semiconductor chip shortage, semiconductor and semiconductor equipment companies performed very well, and NVIDIA and Applied Materials were leading contributors in the segment. (Please refer to the portfolio of investments for a complete list of holdings and the amount each represents in the portfolio.)
The financials sector offered positive returns for the period, especially banks, which benefited from the economic recovery, consumer credit resilience on the back of fiscal stimulus measures, and expectations for rising interest rates. Money center banks JPMorgan Chase, Bank of America, and Wells Fargo were some of the largest performance contributors in the portfolio. Capital markets companies also helped portfolio results, led by Goldman Sachs and Morgan Stanley. Insurance and consumer finance companies trailed somewhat, but holding company Berkshire Hathaway, which owns stakes in a number of companies, including several financial entities, also strongly contributed to absolute returns.
Communication services stocks in aggregate lifted our results, though the bulk of the contribution was derived from interactive media companies Facebook and Google’s parent company Alphabet. Both companies boasted first-quarter earnings that far exceeded analyst expectations. Traditional media companies trailed with milder gains. Entertainment companies underperformed, including Walt Disney and Netflix, amid expectations that increased social activity would result in slower growth in content streaming subscriptions.
Health care stocks rose broadly. The providers and services industry was led by managed care giants UnitedHealth Group; CVS Health, which owns Aetna; and Anthem. In the equipment and supplies space, Danaher and Intuitive Surgical were significant contributors. Danaher reported first-quarter earnings that were much stronger than anticipated, while Intuitive Surgical—which makes robotic surgical systems—benefited from increased use of such systems as medical procedure activity picked up. The pharmaceuticals, life sciences, and biotechnology segments lagged with relatively mild contributions.
Stocks in the industrials and business services sector were broadly positive. Machinery stocks contributed the most in the sector, especially Deere and Caterpillar, amid expectations for a strengthening economic recovery. Aerospace and defense stocks performed well, particularly Raytheon Technologies. Airline stocks rose but trailed most other industries, as air travel is increasing, but higher jet fuel costs and wage pressures could hurt profits.
In the consumer discretionary sector, big box retailers Home Depot and Lowe’s advanced with a strong housing market and home improvement trends. Internet retailing giant Amazon.com was also a major contributor to performance. Hotel, restaurant, and leisure-oriented stocks lagged with less significant gains. Makers of textiles, apparel, and luxury goods generally underperformed.
The utilities sector, one of the smallest in the index and the portfolio, produced mild gains in percentage terms and contributed the least to performance in absolute terms. Utilities stocks, which tend to have above-average dividend yields, often behave like bonds, and their performance was hindered by rising longer-term Treasury yields in the first quarter and expectations for the Federal Reserve to raise short-term rates sooner than previously anticipated. Consumer staples, another small sector in the S&P 500, also made a modest contribution in aggregate, as noncyclical companies, such as food and beverage makers, generally trailed other market segments.
TOTAL EQUITY MARKET INDEX FUND
INVESTMENT OBJECTIVE
The fund seeks to match the performance of the entire U.S. stock market.
FUND COMMENTARY
How did the fund perform in the past six months?
U.S. stocks rose as the economy strengthened in the first half of 2021, extending last year’s gains and lifting major equity indexes to new all-time highs by the end of the period. The Total Equity Market Index Fund returned 14.95% versus 15.27% for its benchmark, the S&P Total Market Index. Fund performance tends to slightly lag that of the index due to operating and management expenses. (Past performance cannot guarantee future results.)
What factors influenced the fund’s performance?
All sectors of the U.S. stock market contributed to performance. Within our portfolio, information technology (IT) contributed the most in absolute terms. Microsoft contributed the most not only in the software industry, but also the entire portfolio. Despite ongoing supply constraints amid a global semiconductor chip shortage, semiconductor and semiconductor equipment companies performed very well, with NVIDIA, Applied Materials, and chip giant Intel as our leading contributors in the industry. IT services companies PayPal Holdings and Visa, iPhone maker Apple, and communications equipment company Cisco Systems were other major contributors in the tech sector. (Please refer to the portfolio of investments for a complete list of holdings and the amount each represents in the portfolio.)
Stocks in the financials sector also performed well in our reporting period, especially banks, which benefited from the economic recovery, consumer credit resilience on the back of fiscal stimulus measures, and expectations for rising interest rates. Money center banks JPMorgan Chase and Bank of America were two of the largest performance contributors in the fund. Capital markets giants Goldman Sachs, Morgan Stanley, and Charles Schwab also did well. Consumer finance companies generally lagged, though credit card companies Capital One Financial and American Express were important contributors to performance. Thrifts and mortgage finance companies in aggregate added a small amount of value.
Communication services stocks in aggregate lifted our results, though the bulk of the contribution was derived from interactive media companies Facebook and Google’s parent company Alphabet. Both companies boasted first-quarter earnings that far exceeded analyst expectations. Snap, which operates the video messaging and social media platform Snapchat that is popular among young adults, was a smaller contributor. Traditional media companies trailed amid poor performance from ViacomCBS, though cable provider Comcast did well. Entertainment companies underperformed, but shares of Roku, which is the leading streaming TV platform in the U.S., advanced as strong growth in active accounts has boosted revenues.
In the consumer discretionary sector, big box retailers Home Depot and Lowe’s advanced with a strong housing market and home improvement trends. Internet retailing giant Amazon.com was also a major contributor to performance. Hotel, restaurant, and leisure-oriented stocks lagged but were mostly positive. Automobile makers General Motors and Ford Motor performed very well amid significant demand and strong pricing for vehicles amid a new car shortage stemming from a global shortage of semiconductor chips. Tesla, however, surrendered some of its strong gains from last year.
Stocks in the industrials and business services sector were broadly positive. Machinery stocks contributed the most in the sector, especially Deere and Caterpillar, amid expectations for a strengthening economic recovery. Aerospace and defense stocks performed well, particularly Boeing and Raytheon Technologies. Road and rail stocks were good contributors, especially Kansas City Southern, which agreed to be acquired by a Canadian railroad operator. Airline stocks trailed, as air travel is increasing, but higher jet fuel costs and wage pressures could hurt profits.
In the health care sector, providers and services companies contributed the most, especially managed care giants UnitedHealth Group and CVS Health, which owns Aetna. In the equipment and supplies space, Danaher was a significant contributor. Pharmaceuticals stocks trailed somewhat, though Eli Lilly and Johnson & Johnson did well. Biotechnology stocks were mixed, but two companies—coronavirus vaccine maker Moderna and Biogen—were responsible for the industry’s entire contribution to fund performance.
Energy and materials stocks produced decent gains as prices of oil and various commodities climbed in the last six months, but because these sectors represent a small percentage of the U.S. equity market, their contributions to fund performance were fairly small. Consumer staples and utilities stocks also made modest contributions to performance, as investors preferred other market segments over noncyclical companies in these small sectors.
EXTENDED EQUITY MARKET INDEX FUND
INVESTMENT OBJECTIVE
The fund seeks to track the performance of a benchmark index that measures the investment return of small- and mid-capitalization U.S. stocks.
FUND COMMENTARY
How did the fund perform in the past six months?
Small- and mid-cap U.S. stocks rose as the economy strengthened in the first half of 2021, extending last year’s gains and lifting major equity indexes to new all-time highs by the end of the period. The Extended Equity Market Index Fund returned 15.14% versus 15.42% for its benchmark, the S&P Completion Index. Fund performance tends to slightly lag that of the index due to operating and management expenses. (Past performance cannot guarantee future results.)
What factors influenced the fund’s performance?
In the small- and mid-cap universe, financial stocks contributed the most to the portfolio’s absolute results, led by regional banks such as Signature Bank and Western Alliance Bancorporation. Among capital markets companies, private equity managers Blackstone and KKR were significant contributors. Consumer finance companies were mostly higher, led by Ally Financial, but shares of Green Dot, a leading provider of general-purpose reloadable cards, declined. Thrifts and mortgage finance companies lagged but generally increased in value.
Consumer discretionary stocks contributed significantly to fund performance. Specialty retailers rose broadly, especially RH, a luxury home furnishings retailer that curates and scales assorted products from artisans worldwide. Stocks of hotel, restaurant, and leisure companies were mostly higher. Multiline retailers added value, especially Macy’s and Kohl’s. Internet and direct marketing retailers were fairly lackluster, expect for home goods retailer Wayfair, which added to last year’s substantial gains—and was responsible for most of the industry’s contribution to fund performance—amid continuing interest in home improvement. One of the portfolio’s largest detractors was exercise equipment maker Peloton Interactive, which surrendered some of last year’s strong gains.
In the IT sector, makers of semiconductors and semiconductor equipment contributed the most to performance, benefiting from significant chip demand amid a global shortage. However, shares of electronic materials supplier CMC Materials were hurt by weaker-than-expected earnings and revenues, while FormFactor, a provider of probe cards used in wafer testing by the semiconductor industry, slumped following disappointing earnings and financial projections. Among software companies, DocuSign and Zoom Video Communications were significant contributors to our results. IT services companies were mixed, but EPAM Systems, Square, and Twilio were responsible for almost all of the industry’s contribution to fund performance.
Among industrials and business services companies, machinery stocks, such as Terex, a global maker and seller of aerial work platforms, cranes, and materials processing machinery, were solid contributors to performance. Makers of building products also did well, especially Lennox International and Owens Corning. Professional services companies were mixed, with CoStar Group, a technology company focused on the real estate market through its research-driven database and internet listings of properties, underperforming.
In the communication services segment, performance was driven by a relatively small number of holdings. In the entertainment industry, for example, most of the gains were derived from movie theater chain AMC Entertainment Holdings and Roku. The former surged in value as a “meme-based” stock investing trend prompted some retail investors to invest in certain names based on social media mentions rather than on company fundamentals. The latter, which is the leading streaming TV platform in the U.S., advanced as strong growth in active accounts has boosted revenues. In the interactive media space, gains were driven by social media company Snap, which operates the video messaging and social media platform Snapchat that is popular among young adults, and by Pinterest. Traditional media companies underperformed, especially Cable One, which completed the largest acquisition in the company’s history in May and was hurt by concerns that the federal government will tighten regulation of the broadband market through possible infrastructure legislation.
Health care stocks made a relatively mild contribution to fund performance. Life sciences tools and services companies contributed the most in the sector. Health care equipment and supplies companies also added value, though iRhythm Technologies, which develops monitoring and diagnostic solutions, fared poorly. The company was hurt by the inability to provide its Zio Service to Medicare patients following a lower-than-expected reimbursement rate, which significantly reduced its addressable market. A number of our biotechnology holdings declined in value, but coronavirus vaccine maker Moderna produced significant gains and was the top individual contributor in the entire portfolio.
Energy and materials stocks generally increased in value, as prices of oil and various commodities climbed in the last six months, but because these sectors represent a small percentage of the small- and mid-cap market, their contributions to fund performance were fairly small. Consumer staples and utilities stocks made the least significant contributions to performance, as investors preferred other market segments over noncyclical companies in these small sectors.
How are the Equity Market Index Funds positioned?
The Equity Market Index Funds, which tend to closely track their benchmarks, offer broad exposure to different sectors of the U.S. stock market, and each fund’s sector allocations are consistent with those of its benchmark. As such, changes in each portfolio’s sector diversification and other overall characteristics reflect changes in the composition of the indexes, rather than strategic shifts that are typical of an actively managed fund. Since the portfolios are designed to track their indexes, they do not have the flexibility to shift assets toward stocks or sectors that are rising or away from those that are declining. The funds’ expenses are generally low, which allows investors to retain more of their returns.
As a reminder, the Equity Market Index Funds are designed for investors who want to harness the potential for long-term capital appreciation from broad exposure to large-cap U.S. stocks, the entire U.S. stock market, or small- and mid-cap U.S. stocks. The portfolios could serve as core holdings in an investor’s portfolio, as they offer attributes that many investors will find appealing.
The Equity Index 500 Fund uses a full replication strategy, which involves investing substantially all of its assets in all of the stocks in the S&P 500. The fund seeks to maintain holdings of each stock in proportion to its weight in the index. The Total Equity Market Index Fund and the Extended Equity Market Index Fund use a sampling strategy, which involves investing substantially all of their assets in a group of stocks representative of the sector allocations, financial characteristics, and other attributes of the S&P Total Market Index and S&P Completion Index, respectively. These two funds do not attempt to fully replicate their indexes by owning each of the stocks in them. All three index funds may occasionally invest in securities such as futures and exchange-traded funds so that they can accommodate cash flows and remain fully invested.
What is portfolio management’s outlook?
The U.S. economy has recovered rapidly from last year’s deep, pandemic-driven downturn, thanks in great part to massive federal government and Federal Reserve stimulus efforts and, more recently, a successful rollout of coronavirus vaccines. Corporate earnings have rebounded significantly as consumer spending, social activities, and business operations have been returning to more normal levels. These factors, among others, have lifted equities from their March 2020 nadir and propelled the major indexes to new highs.
While the economic recovery is far from complete, it is expected to continue, but the outlook is not especially clear. The pandemic has not yet ended, and parts of the world continue to contend with significant coronavirus outbreaks amid a slower pace of vaccine distribution. U.S. inflation has increased materially, as commodity prices have rebounded sharply, and as pent-up consumer demand and some supply chain disruptions are leading to shortages of certain goods and materials. Treasury yields have risen from their pandemic lows amid concerns that the Fed may need to curtail its stimulus efforts—by reducing monthly asset purchases and raising short-term interest rates—sooner rather than later. Also, while infrastructure spending plans supported by President Biden could contribute to economic growth, and while possible tax increases could act as a brake on growth it is uncertain what the legislation for these proposals will look like or if the bills will be passed into law.
While economic and market developments and changes in investor sentiment remain unpredictable, it is not our focus to invest based on which stocks or sectors we think will perform best in the period ahead. Our main task, as always, is to use full replication or sampling strategies so that the Equity Market Index Funds are structured like major U.S. equity indexes and closely track their performance.
The views expressed reflect the opinions of T. Rowe Price as of the date of this report and are subject to change based on changes in market, economic, or other conditions. These views are not intended to be a forecast of future events and are no guarantee of future results.
RISKS OF INVESTING IN THE EQUITY MARKET INDEX FUNDS
Common stocks generally fluctuate in value more than bonds and may decline significantly over short time periods. There is a chance that stock prices overall will decline because stock markets tend to move in cycles, with periods of rising and falling prices. The value of a stock in which the funds invest may decline due to general weakness in the U.S. stock market, such as when the U.S. financial markets decline, or because of factors that affect a particular company or industry.
Although stocks issued by larger companies tend to have less overall volatility than stocks issued by smaller companies, larger companies may not be able to attain the high growth rates of successful smaller companies, especially during strong economic periods. In addition, larger companies may be less capable of responding quickly to competitive challenges and industry changes and may suffer sharper price declines as a result of earnings disappointments.
Funds that invest in small- and medium-sized companies could be more volatile than funds that are exposed to only large companies. Small and medium-sized companies often have less experienced management, narrower product lines, more limited financial resources, and less publicly available information than larger companies. Smaller companies may have limited trading markets and tend to be more sensitive to changes in overall economic conditions.
Because the funds are passively managed, holdings are generally not reallocated based on changes in market conditions or the outlook for a specific security, industry, or market sector. As a result, the funds’ performance may lag the performance of actively managed funds. Funds that use a sampling strategy (and, thus, do not attempt to fully replicate their benchmark indexes) have a greater potential for their performance to deviate from that of their benchmarks.
BENCHMARK INFORMATION
Note: ©2021, S&P Global Market Intelligence. Reproduction of any information, data or material, including ratings (“Content”) in any form is prohibited except with the prior written permission of the relevant party. Such party, its affiliates and suppliers (“Content Providers”) do not guarantee the accuracy, adequacy, completeness, timeliness or availability of any Content and are not responsible for any errors or omissions (negligent or otherwise), regardless of the cause, or for the results obtained from the use of such Content. In no event shall Content Providers be liable for any damages, costs, expenses, legal fees, or losses (including lost income or lost profit and opportunity costs) in connection with any use of the Content.
GROWTH OF $10,000
This chart shows the value of a hypothetical $10,000 investment in the fund over the past 10 fiscal year periods or since inception (for funds lacking 10-year records). The result is compared with benchmarks, which include a broad-based market index and may also include a peer group average or index. Market indexes do not include expenses, which are deducted from fund returns as well as mutual fund averages and indexes.
AVERAGE ANNUAL COMPOUND TOTAL RETURN
GROWTH OF $10,000
This chart shows the value of a hypothetical $10,000 investment in the fund over the past 10 fiscal year periods or since inception (for funds lacking 10-year records). The result is compared with benchmarks, which include a broad-based market index and may also include a peer group average or index. Market indexes do not include expenses, which are deducted from fund returns as well as mutual fund averages and indexes.
AVERAGE ANNUAL COMPOUND TOTAL RETURN
GROWTH OF $10,000
This chart shows the value of a hypothetical $10,000 investment in the fund over the past 10 fiscal year periods or since inception (for funds lacking 10-year records). The result is compared with benchmarks, which include a broad-based market index and may also include a peer group average or index. Market indexes do not include expenses, which are deducted from fund returns as well as mutual fund averages and indexes.
AVERAGE ANNUAL COMPOUND TOTAL RETURN
EXPENSE RATIO
FUND EXPENSE EXAMPLE
As a mutual fund shareholder, you may incur two types of costs: (1) transaction costs, such as redemption fees or sales loads, and (2) ongoing costs, including management fees, distribution and service (12b-1) fees, and other fund expenses. The following example is intended to help you understand your ongoing costs (in dollars) of investing in the fund and to compare these costs with the ongoing costs of investing in other mutual funds. The example is based on an investment of $1,000 invested at the beginning of the most recent six-month period and held for the entire period.
Please note that the Equity Index 500 Fund has three share classes: The original share class (Investor Class) charges no distribution and service (12b-1) fee, I Class shares are also available to institutionally oriented clients and impose no 12b-1 or administrative fee payment, and Z Class shares are offered only to funds advised by T. Rowe Price and other advisory clients of T. Rowe Price or its affiliates that are subject to a contractual fee for investment management services and impose no 12b-1 fee or administrative fee payment. Each share class is presented separately in the table.
Actual Expenses
The first line of the following table (Actual) provides information about actual account values and actual expenses. You may use the information on this line, together with your account balance, to estimate the expenses that you paid over the period. Simply divide your account value by $1,000 (for example, an $8,600 account value divided by $1,000 = 8.6), then multiply the result by the number on the first line under the heading “Expenses Paid During Period” to estimate the expenses you paid on your account during this period.
Hypothetical Example for Comparison Purposes
The information on the second line of the table (Hypothetical) is based on hypothetical account values and expenses derived from the fund’s actual expense ratio and an assumed 5% per year rate of return before expenses (not the fund’s actual return). You may compare the ongoing costs of investing in the fund with other funds by contrasting this 5% hypothetical example and the 5% hypothetical examples that appear in the shareholder reports of the other funds. The hypothetical account values and expenses may not be used to estimate the actual ending account balance or expenses you paid for the period.
Note: T. Rowe Price charges an account service fee that is not included in the accompanying table. The account service fee is charged on a quarterly basis, usually during the last week of a calendar quarter, and applies to accounts with balances below $10,000 on the day of the assessment. The fee is charged to accounts that fall below $10,000 for any reason, including market fluctuations, redemptions, or exchanges. When an account with less than $10,000 is closed either through redemption or exchange, the fee is charged and deducted from the proceeds. The fee applies to IRAs but not to retirement plans directly registered with T. Rowe Price Services or accounts maintained by intermediaries through NSCC® Networking. If you are subject to the fee, keep it in mind when you are estimating the ongoing expenses of investing in the fund and when comparing the expenses of this fund with other funds.
You should also be aware that the expenses shown in the table highlight only your ongoing costs and do not reflect any transaction costs, such as redemption fees or sales loads. Therefore, the second line of the table is useful in comparing ongoing costs only and will not help you determine the relative total costs of owning different funds. To the extent a fund charges transaction costs, however, the total cost of owning that fund is higher.
Unaudited
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements.
June 30, 2021 (Unaudited)
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements.
June 30, 2021 (Unaudited)
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements.
Unaudited
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements.
Unaudited
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements.
Unaudited
| NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS |
T. Rowe Price Index Trust, Inc. (the corporation) is registered under the Investment Company Act of 1940 (the 1940 Act). The Extended Equity Market Index Fund (the fund) is as an open-end management investment company established by the corporation and intends to be diversified in approximately the same proportion as the index it tracks is diversified. The fund may become non-diversified for periods of time solely as a result of changes in the composition of the index (for example, changes in the relative market capitalization or index weighting of one or more securities in the index). The fund seeks to track the performance of a benchmark index that measures the investment return of small- and mid-capitalization U.S. stocks.
NOTE 1 - SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
Basis of Preparation The fund is an investment company and follows accounting and reporting guidance in the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) Accounting Standards Codification Topic 946 (ASC 946). The accompanying financial statements were prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (GAAP), including, but not limited to, ASC 946. GAAP requires the use of estimates made by management. Management believes that estimates and valuations are appropriate; however, actual results may differ from those estimates, and the valuations reflected in the accompanying financial statements may differ from the value ultimately realized upon sale or maturity.
Investment Transactions, Investment Income, and Distributions Investment transactions are accounted for on the trade date basis. Income and expenses are recorded on the accrual basis. Realized gains and losses are reported on the identified cost basis. Premiums and discounts on debt securities are amortized for financial reporting purposes. Income tax-related interest and penalties, if incurred, are recorded as income tax expense. Dividends received from mutual fund investments are reflected as dividend income; capital gain distributions are reflected as realized gain/loss. Dividend income and capital gain distributions are recorded on the ex-dividend date. Distributions from REITs are initially recorded as dividend income and, to the extent such represent a return of capital or capital gain for tax purposes, are reclassified when such information becomes available. Non-cash dividends, if any, are recorded at the fair market value of the asset received. Distributions to shareholders are recorded on the ex-dividend date. Income distributions, if any, are declared and paid annually. A capital gain distribution may also be declared and paid by the fund annually.
Capital Transactions Each investor’s interest in the net assets of the fund is represented by fund shares. The fund’s net asset value (NAV) per share is computed at the close of the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE), normally 4 p.m. ET, each day the NYSE is open for business. However, the NAV per share may be calculated at a time other than the normal close of the NYSE if trading on the NYSE is restricted, if the NYSE closes earlier, or as may be permitted by the SEC. Purchases and redemptions of fund shares are transacted at the next-computed NAV per share, after receipt of the transaction order by T. Rowe Price Associates, Inc., or its agents.
Indemnification In the normal course of business, the fund may provide indemnification in connection with its officers and directors, service providers, and/or private company investments. The fund’s maximum exposure under these arrangements is unknown; however, the risk of material loss is currently considered to be remote.
NOTE 2 - VALUATION
Fair Value The fund’s financial instruments are valued at the close of the NYSE and are reported at fair value, which GAAP defines as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. The T. Rowe Price Valuation Committee (the Valuation Committee) is an internal committee that has been delegated certain responsibilities by the fund’s Board of Directors (the Board) to ensure that financial instruments are appropriately priced at fair value in accordance with GAAP and the 1940 Act. Subject to oversight by the Board, the Valuation Committee develops and oversees pricing-related policies and procedures and approves all fair value determinations. Specifically, the Valuation Committee establishes policies and procedures used in valuing financial instruments, including those which cannot be valued in accordance with normal procedures or using pricing vendors; determines pricing techniques, sources, and persons eligible to effect fair value pricing actions; evaluates the services and performance of the pricing vendors; oversees the pricing process to ensure policies and procedures are being followed; and provides guidance on internal controls and valuation-related matters. The Valuation Committee provides periodic reporting to the Board on valuation matters.
Various valuation techniques and inputs are used to determine the fair value of financial instruments. GAAP establishes the following fair value hierarchy that categorizes the inputs used to measure fair value:
Level 1 – quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical financial instruments that the fund can access at the reporting date
Level 2 – inputs other than Level 1 quoted prices that are observable, either directly or indirectly (including, but not limited to, quoted prices for similar financial instruments in active markets, quoted prices for identical or similar financial instruments in inactive markets, interest rates and yield curves, implied volatilities, and credit spreads)
Level 3 – unobservable inputs (including the fund's own assumptions in determining fair value)
Observable inputs are developed using market data, such as publicly available information about actual events or transactions, and reflect the assumptions that market participants would use to price the financial instrument. Unobservable inputs are those for which market data are not available and are developed using the best information available about the assumptions that market participants would use to price the financial instrument. GAAP requires valuation techniques to maximize the use of relevant observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs. When multiple inputs are used to derive fair value, the financial instrument is assigned to the level within the fair value hierarchy based on the lowest-level input that is significant to the fair value of the financial instrument. Input levels are not necessarily an indication of the risk or liquidity associated with financial instruments at that level but rather the degree of judgment used in determining those values.
Valuation Techniques Equity securities, including exchange-traded funds, listed or regularly traded on a securities exchange or in the over-the-counter (OTC) market are valued at the last quoted sale price or, for certain markets, the official closing price at the time the valuations are made. OTC Bulletin Board securities are valued at the mean of the closing bid and asked prices. A security that is listed or traded on more than one exchange is valued at the quotation on the exchange determined to be the primary market for such security. Listed securities not traded on a particular day are valued at the mean of the closing bid and asked prices for domestic securities.
Debt securities generally are traded in the over-the-counter (OTC) market and are valued at prices furnished by independent pricing services or by broker dealers who make markets in such securities. When valuing securities, the independent pricing services consider the yield or price of bonds of comparable quality, coupon, maturity, and type, as well as prices quoted by dealers who make markets in such securities.
Investments in mutual funds are valued at the mutual fund’s closing NAV per share on the day of valuation. Futures contracts are valued at closing settlement prices. Assets and liabilities other than financial instruments, including short-term receivables and payables, are carried at cost, or estimated realizable value, if less, which approximates fair value.
Investments for which market quotations or market-based valuations are not readily available or deemed unreliable are valued at fair value as determined in good faith by the Valuation Committee, in accordance with fair valuation policies and procedures. The objective of any fair value pricing determination is to arrive at a price that could reasonably be expected from a current sale. Financial instruments fair valued by the Valuation Committee are primarily private placements, restricted securities, warrants, rights, and other securities that are not publicly traded. Factors used in determining fair value vary by type of investment and may include market or investment specific considerations. The Valuation Committee typically will afford greatest weight to actual prices in arm’s length transactions, to the extent they represent orderly transactions between market participants, transaction information can be reliably obtained, and prices are deemed representative of fair value. However, the Valuation Committee may also consider other valuation methods such as market-based valuation multiples; a discount or premium from market value of a similar, freely traded security of the same issuer; discounted cash flows; yield to maturity; or some combination. Fair value determinations are reviewed on a regular basis and updated as information becomes available, including actual purchase and sale transactions of the investment. Because any fair value determination involves a significant amount of judgment, there is a degree of subjectivity inherent in such pricing decisions, and fair value prices determined by the Valuation Committee could differ from those of other market participants.
Valuation Inputs The following table summarizes the fund’s financial instruments, based on the inputs used to determine their fair values on June 30, 2021 (for further detail by category, please refer to the accompanying Portfolio of Investments):
NOTE 3 - DERIVATIVE INSTRUMENTS
During the six months ended June 30, 2021, the fund invested in derivative instruments. As defined by GAAP, a derivative is a financial instrument whose value is derived from an underlying security price, foreign exchange rate, interest rate, index of prices or rates, or other variable; it requires little or no initial investment and permits or requires net settlement. The fund invests in derivatives only if the expected risks and rewards are consistent with its investment objectives, policies, and overall risk profile, as described in its prospectus and Statement of Additional Information. The fund may use derivatives for a variety of purposes, such as seeking to hedge against declines in principal value, increase yield, invest in an asset with greater efficiency and at a lower cost than is possible through direct investment, to enhance return, or to adjust credit exposure. The risks associated with the use of derivatives are different from, and potentially much greater than, the risks associated with investing directly in the instruments on which the derivatives are based. The fund at all times maintains sufficient cash reserves, liquid assets, or other SEC-permitted asset types to cover its settlement obligations under open derivative contracts.
The fund values its derivatives at fair value and recognizes changes in fair value currently in its results of operations. Accordingly, the fund does not follow hedge accounting, even for derivatives employed as economic hedges. Generally, the fund accounts for its derivatives on a gross basis. It does not offset the fair value of derivative liabilities against the fair value of derivative assets on its financial statements, nor does it offset the fair value of derivative instruments against the right to reclaim or obligation to return collateral. The following table summarizes the fair value of the fund’s derivative instruments held as of June 30, 2021, and the related location on the accompanying Statement of Assets and Liabilities, presented by primary underlying risk exposure:
Additionally, the amount of gains and losses on derivative instruments recognized in fund earnings during the six months ended June 30, 2021, and the related location on the accompanying Statement of Operations is summarized in the following table by primary underlying risk exposure:
Counterparty Risk and Collateral The fund invests in exchange-traded or centrally cleared derivative contracts, such as futures, exchange-traded options, and centrally cleared swaps. Counterparty risk on such derivatives is minimal because the clearinghouse provides protection against counterparty defaults. For futures and centrally cleared swaps, the fund is required to deposit collateral in an amount specified by the clearinghouse and the clearing firm (margin requirement), and the margin requirement must be maintained over the life of the contract. Each clearinghouse and clearing firm, in its sole discretion, may adjust the margin requirements applicable to the fund.
Collateral may be in the form of cash or debt securities issued by the U.S. government or related agencies. Cash posted by the fund is reflected as cash deposits in the accompanying financial statements and generally is restricted from withdrawal by the fund; securities posted by the fund are so noted in the accompanying Portfolio of Investments; both remain in the fund’s assets. While typically not sold in the same manner as equity or fixed income securities, exchange-traded or centrally cleared derivatives may be closed out only on the exchange or clearinghouse where the contracts were traded. This ability is subject to the liquidity of underlying positions. As of June 30, 2021, securities valued at $476,000 had been posted by the fund for exchange-traded and/or centrally cleared derivatives.
Futures Contracts The fund is subject to equity price risk in the normal course of pursuing its investment objectives and uses futures contracts to help manage such risk. The fund may enter into futures contracts as an efficient means of maintaining liquidity while being invested in the market, to facilitate trading, or to reduce transaction costs. A futures contract provides for the future sale by one party and purchase by another of a specified amount of a specific underlying financial instrument at an agreed-upon price, date, time, and place. The fund currently invests only in exchange-traded futures, which generally are standardized as to maturity date, underlying financial instrument, and other contract terms. Payments are made or received by the fund each day to settle daily fluctuations in the value of the contract (variation margin), which reflect changes in the value of the underlying financial instrument. Variation margin is recorded as unrealized gain or loss until the contract is closed. The value of a futures contract included in net assets is the amount of unsettled variation margin; net variation margin receivable is reflected as an asset and net variation margin payable is reflected as a liability on the accompanying Statement of Assets and Liabilities. Risks related to the use of futures contracts include possible illiquidity of the futures markets, contract prices that can be highly volatile and imperfectly correlated to movements in hedged security values, and potential losses in excess of the fund’s initial investment. During the six months ended June 30, 2021, the volume of the fund’s activity in futures, based on underlying notional amounts, was generally between 0% and 2% of net assets.
NOTE 4 - OTHER INVESTMENT TRANSACTIONS
Consistent with its investment objective, the fund engages in the following practices to manage exposure to certain risks and/or to enhance performance. The investment objective, policies, program, and risk factors of the fund are described more fully in the fund’s prospectus and Statement of Additional Information.
Securities Lending The fund may lend its securities to approved borrowers to earn additional income. Its securities lending activities are administered by a lending agent in accordance with a securities lending agreement. Security loans generally do not have stated maturity dates, and the fund may recall a security at any time. The fund receives collateral in the form of cash or U.S. government securities. Collateral is maintained over the life of the loan in an amount not less than the value of loaned securities; any additional collateral required due to changes in security values is delivered to the fund the next business day. Cash collateral is invested in accordance with investment guidelines approved by fund management. Additionally, the lending agent indemnifies the fund against losses resulting from borrower default. Although risk is mitigated by the collateral and indemnification, the fund could experience a delay in recovering its securities and a possible loss of income or value if the borrower fails to return the securities, collateral investments decline in value, and the lending agent fails to perform. Securities lending revenue consists of earnings on invested collateral and borrowing fees, net of any rebates to the borrower, compensation to the lending agent, and other administrative costs. In accordance with GAAP, investments made with cash collateral are reflected in the accompanying financial statements, but collateral received in the form of securities is not. At June 30, 2021, the value of loaned securities was $45,094,000; the value of cash collateral and related investments was $46,284,000.
Other Purchases and sales of portfolio securities other than short-term securities aggregated $310,415,000 and $255,920,000, respectively, for the six months ended June 30, 2021.
NOTE 5 - FEDERAL INCOME TAXES
No provision for federal income taxes is required since the fund intends to continue to qualify as a regulated investment company under Subchapter M of the Internal Revenue Code and distribute to shareholders all of its taxable income and gains. Distributions determined in accordance with federal income tax regulations may differ in amount or character from net investment income and realized gains for financial reporting purposes. Financial reporting records are adjusted for permanent book/tax differences to reflect tax character but are not adjusted for temporary differences. The amount and character of tax-basis distributions and composition of net assets are finalized at fiscal year-end; accordingly, tax-basis balances have not been determined as of the date of this report.
At June 30, 2021, the cost of investments for federal income tax purposes was $781,063,000. Net unrealized gain aggregated $658,208,000 at period-end, of which $676,629,000 related to appreciated investments and $18,421,000 related to depreciated investments.
NOTE 6 - RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS
The fund is managed by T. Rowe Price Associates, Inc. (Price Associates), a wholly owned subsidiary of T. Rowe Price Group, Inc. (Price Group). The investment management and administrative agreement between the fund and Price Associates provides for an all-inclusive annual fee equal to 0.35% of the fund’s average daily net assets. The fee is computed daily and paid monthly. The all-inclusive fee covers investment management services and ordinary, recurring operating expenses but does not cover interest expense; expenses related to borrowing, taxes, and brokerage; or nonrecurring expenses.
Additionally, the fund is one of several mutual funds in which certain college savings plans managed by Price Associates have invested. As approved by the fund’s Board of Directors, shareholder servicing costs associated with each college savings plan are allocated to the fund in proportion to the average daily value of its shares owned by the college savings plan. Shareholder servicing costs allocated to the fund are borne by Price Associates, pursuant to the fund’s all-inclusive fee agreement. At June 30, 2021, no shares of the fund were held by college savings plans.
The fund may invest its cash reserves in certain open-end management investment companies managed by Price Associates and considered affiliates of the fund: the T. Rowe Price Government Reserve Fund or the T. Rowe Price Treasury Reserve Fund, organized as money market funds, or the T. Rowe Price Short-Term Fund, a short-term bond fund (collectively, the Price Reserve Funds). The Price Reserve Funds are offered as short-term investment options to mutual funds, trusts, and other accounts managed by Price Associates or its affiliates and are not available for direct purchase by members of the public. Cash collateral from securities lending is invested in the T. Rowe Price Short-Term Fund. The Price Reserve Funds pay no investment management fees.
The fund may participate in securities purchase and sale transactions with other funds or accounts advised by Price Associates (cross trades), in accordance with procedures adopted by the fund’s Board and Securities and Exchange Commission rules, which require, among other things, that such purchase and sale cross trades be effected at the independent current market price of the security. During the six months ended June 30, 2021, the fund had no purchases or sales cross trades with other funds or accounts advised by Price Associates.
Effective January 1, 2020, Price Associates has voluntarily agreed to reimburse the fund from its own resources on a monthly basis for the cost of investment research embedded in the cost of the fund’s securities trades. This agreement may be rescinded at any time. For the six months ended June 30, 2021, this reimbursement amounted to $31,000, which is included in Net realized gain (loss) on Securities in the Statement of Operations.
NOTE 7 - OTHER MATTERS
Unpredictable events such as environmental or natural disasters, war, terrorism, pandemics, outbreaks of infectious diseases, and similar public health threats may significantly affect the economy and the markets and issuers in which a fund invests. Certain events may cause instability across global markets, including reduced liquidity and disruptions in trading markets, while some events may affect certain geographic regions, countries, sectors, and industries more significantly than others, and exacerbate other pre-existing political, social, and economic risks. During 2020, a novel strain of coronavirus (COVID-19) resulted in disruptions to global business activity and caused significant volatility and declines in global financial markets.
These types of events, such as the global pandemic caused by COVID-19, may also cause widespread fear and uncertainty, and result in, among other things: enhanced health screenings, quarantines, cancellations, and travel restrictions, including border closings; disruptions to business operations and supply chains and customer activity; exchange trading suspensions and closures, and overall reduced liquidity of securities, derivatives, and commodities trading markets; reductions in consumer demand and economic output; and significant challenges in healthcare service preparation and delivery. The fund could be negatively impacted if the value of a portfolio holding were harmed by such political or economic conditions or events. In addition, the operations of the fund, its investment advisers, and the fund’s service providers may be significantly impacted, or even temporarily halted, as a result of any impairment to their information technology and other operation systems, extensive employee illnesses or unavailability, government quarantine measures, and restrictions on travel or meetings and other factors related to public emergencies.
Governmental and quasi-governmental authorities and regulators have in the past responded to major economic disruptions with a variety of significant fiscal and monetary policy changes, including but not limited to, direct capital infusions into companies, new monetary programs, and dramatically lower interest rates. An unexpected or quick reversal of these policies, or the ineffectiveness of these policies, could negatively impact overall investor sentiment and further increase volatility in securities markets.
NOTE 8 - SUBSEQUENT EVENT
At a meeting held May 12, 2021, the fund’s board approved an amendment to the fund’s investment management agreement, replacing the annual all-inclusive management fee of 0.35% with a management fee that covers only investment management services. Effective August 1, 2021, the fund began to bear the costs of its operating expenses and the annual investment management fee is equal to 0.09% of the fund’s daily net assets.
Effective August 1, 2021, the fund is subject to a contractual expense limitation of 0.25% of its average daily net assets through April 30, 2024. In addition, the fund is subject to a permanent expense limitation of 0.35% of average daily net assets that does not expire. During the limitation period, Price Associates is required to waive its management fee and pay the fund for any expenses (excluding interest; expenses related to borrowings, taxes, and brokerage; and other non-recurring expenses permitted by the investment management agreement) that would otherwise cause the fund’s ratio of annualized total expenses to average net assets (net expense ratio) to exceed its expense limitation. The fund is required to repay Price Associates for expenses previously waived/paid to the extent its net assets grow or expenses decline sufficiently to allow repayment without causing the fund’s net expense ratio (after the repayment is taken into account) to exceed the lesser of: (1) the expense limitation in place at the time such amounts were waived; or (2) the fund’s current expense limitation. However, no repayment will be made more than three years after the date of a payment or waiver.
INFORMATION ON PROXY VOTING POLICIES, PROCEDURES, AND RECORDS
A description of the policies and procedures used by T. Rowe Price funds to determine how to vote proxies relating to portfolio securities is available in each fund’s Statement of Additional Information. You may request this document by calling 1-800-225-5132 or by accessing the SEC’s website, sec.gov.
The description of our proxy voting policies and procedures is also available on our corporate website. To access it, please visit the following Web page:
https://www.troweprice.com/corporate/en/utility/policies.html
Scroll down to the section near the bottom of the page that says, “Proxy Voting Policies.” Click on the Proxy Voting Policies link in the shaded box.
Each fund’s most recent annual proxy voting record is available on our website and through the SEC’s website. To access it through T. Rowe Price, visit the website location shown above, and scroll down to the section near the bottom of the page that says, “Proxy Voting Records.” Click on the Proxy Voting Records link in the shaded box.
HOW TO OBTAIN QUARTERLY PORTFOLIO HOLDINGS
The fund files a complete schedule of portfolio holdings with the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) for the first and third quarters of each fiscal year as an exhibit to its reports on Form N-PORT. The fund’s reports on Form N-PORT are available electronically on the SEC’s website (sec.gov). In addition, most T. Rowe Price funds disclose their first and third fiscal quarter-end holdings on troweprice.com.
APPROVAL OF INVESTMENT MANAGEMENT AGREEMENT
Each year, the fund’s Board of Directors (Board) considers the continuation of the investment management agreement (Advisory Contract) between the fund and its investment advisor, T. Rowe Price Associates, Inc. (Advisor), on behalf of the fund. In that regard, at a meeting held on March 8–9, 2021 (Meeting), the Board, including all of the fund’s independent directors, approved the continuation of the fund’s Advisory Contract. At the Meeting, the Board considered the factors and reached the conclusions described below relating to the selection of the Advisor and the approval of the Advisory Contract. The independent directors were assisted in their evaluation of the Advisory Contract by independent legal counsel from whom they received separate legal advice and with whom they met separately.
In providing information to the Board, the Advisor was guided by a detailed set of requests for information submitted by independent legal counsel on behalf of the independent directors. In considering and approving the Advisory Contract, the Board considered the information it believed was relevant, including, but not limited to, the information discussed below. The Board considered not only the specific information presented in connection with the Meeting but also the knowledge gained over time through interaction with the Advisor about various topics. The Board meets regularly and, at each of its meetings, covers an extensive agenda of topics and materials and considers factors that are relevant to its annual consideration of the renewal of the T. Rowe Price funds’ advisory contracts, including performance and the services and support provided to the funds and their shareholders.
Services Provided by the Advisor
The Board considered the nature, quality, and extent of the services provided to the fund by the Advisor. These services included, but were not limited to, directing the fund’s investments in accordance with its investment program and the overall management of the fund’s portfolio, as well as a variety of related activities such as financial, investment operations, and administrative services; compliance; maintaining the fund’s records and registrations; and shareholder communications. The Board also reviewed the background and experience of the Advisor’s senior management team and investment personnel involved in the management of the fund, as well as the Advisor’s compliance record. The Board concluded that it was satisfied with the nature, quality, and extent of the services provided by the Advisor.
Investment Performance of the Fund
The Board took into account discussions with the Advisor and reports that it receives throughout the year relating to fund performance. In connection with the Meeting, the Board reviewed the fund’s net annualized total returns for the 1-, 2-, 3-, 4-, 5-, and 10-year periods as of September 30, 2020, and compared these returns with the performance of a peer group of funds with similar investment programs and a wide variety of other previously agreed-upon comparable performance measures and market data, including those supplied by Broadridge, which is an independent provider of mutual fund data.
On the basis of this evaluation and the Board’s ongoing review of investment results, and factoring in the relative market conditions during certain of the performance periods, the Board concluded that the fund’s performance was satisfactory.
Costs, Benefits, Profits, and Economies of Scale
The Board reviewed detailed information regarding the revenues received by the Advisor under the Advisory Contract and other direct and indirect benefits that the Advisor (and its affiliates) may have realized from its relationship with the fund. In considering soft-dollar arrangements pursuant to which research may be received from broker-dealers that execute the fund’s portfolio transactions, the Board noted that the Advisor bears the cost of research services for all client accounts that it advises, including the T. Rowe Price funds. The Board received information on the estimated costs incurred and profits realized by the Advisor from managing the T. Rowe Price funds. The Board also reviewed estimates of the profits realized from managing the fund in particular, and the Board concluded that the Advisor’s profits were reasonable in light of the services provided to the fund.
The Board also considered whether the fund benefits under the fee levels set forth in the Advisory Contract from any economies of scale realized by the Advisor. Under the Advisory Contract, the fund pays the Advisor a single fee, or all-inclusive management fee, which is based on the fund’s average daily net assets. The all-inclusive management fee includes investment management services and provides for the Advisor to pay all of the fund’s ordinary, recurring operating expenses except for interest, taxes, portfolio transaction fees, and any nonrecurring extraordinary expenses that may arise. The Advisor has generally implemented an all-inclusive management fee structure for index funds so the portfolio managers know with certainty the impact that expenses have on performance against the funds’ benchmark indexes. In addition, the fund’s shareholders have benefitted from potential economies of scale through previous reductions to the fund’s all-inclusive management fee rate as the fund has grown in size. The Board concluded that, based on the profitability data it reviewed and consistent with this all-inclusive management fee structure, the advisory fee structure for the fund continued to be appropriate.
Fees and Expenses
The Board was provided with information regarding industry trends in management fees and expenses. Among other things, the Board reviewed data for peer groups that were compiled by Broadridge, which compared: (i) contractual management fees, total expenses, actual management fees, and nonmanagement expenses of the fund with a group of competitor funds selected by Broadridge (Expense Group); and (ii) total expenses, actual management fees, and nonmanagement expenses of the fund with a broader set of funds within the Lipper investment classification (Expense Universe). The Board considered the fund’s contractual management fee rate, actual management fee rate, and total expenses (all of which generally reflect the all-inclusive management fee rate and do not deduct the operating expenses paid by the Advisor as part of the overall management fee) in comparison with the information for the Broadridge peer groups. Broadridge generally constructed the peer groups by seeking the most comparable funds based on similar investment classifications and objectives, expense structure, asset size, and operating components and attributes and ranked funds into quintiles, with the first quintile representing the funds with the lowest relative expenses and the fifth quintile representing the funds with the highest relative expenses. The information provided to the Board indicated that the fund’s contractual management fee ranked in the fifth quintile (Expense Group), the fund’s actual management fee rate ranked in the fifth quintile (Expense Group) and third quintile (Expense Universe), and the fund’s total expenses ranked in the first and fourth quintiles (Expense Group) and third quintile (Expense Universe).
The Board requested additional information from management with respect to the fund’s relative management fees and total expenses ranking in the fourth and fifth quintiles, and reviewed and considered the information provided relating to the fund, other funds in the peer groups, and other factors that the Board determined to be relevant.
The Board also reviewed the fee schedules for other investment portfolios with similar mandates that are advised or subadvised by the Advisor and its affiliates, including separately managed accounts for institutional and individual investors; subadvised funds; and other sponsored investment portfolios, including collective investment trusts and pooled vehicles organized and offered to investors outside the United States. Management provided the Board with information about the Advisor’s responsibilities and services provided to subadvisory and other institutional account clients, including information about how the requirements and economics of the institutional business are fundamentally different from those of the proprietary mutual fund business. The Board considered information showing that the Advisor’s mutual fund business is generally more complex from a business and compliance perspective than its institutional account business and considered various relevant factors, such as the broader scope of operations and oversight, more extensive shareholder communication infrastructure, greater asset flows, heightened business risks, and differences in applicable laws and regulations associated with the Advisor’s proprietary mutual fund business. In assessing the reasonableness of the fund’s management fee rate, the Board considered the differences in the nature of the services required for the Advisor to manage its mutual fund business versus managing a discrete pool of assets as a subadvisor to another institution’s mutual fund or for an institutional account and that the Advisor generally performs significant additional services and assumes greater risk in managing the fund and other T. Rowe Price funds than it does for institutional account clients, including subadvised funds.
On the basis of the information provided and the factors considered, the Board concluded that the fees paid by the fund under the Advisory Contract are reasonable.
Approval of the Advisory Contract
As noted, the Board approved the continuation of the Advisory Contract. No single factor was considered in isolation or to be determinative to the decision. Rather, the Board concluded, in light of a weighting and balancing of all factors considered, that it was in the best interests of the fund and its shareholders for the Board to approve the continuation of the Advisory Contract (including the fees to be charged for services thereunder).
Item 1. (b) Notice pursuant to Rule 30e-3.
Not applicable.
Item 2. Code of Ethics.
A code of ethics, as defined in Item 2 of Form N-CSR, applicable to its principal executive officer, principal financial officer, principal accounting officer or controller, or persons performing similar functions is filed as an exhibit to the registrant’s annual Form N-CSR. No substantive amendments were approved or waivers were granted to this code of ethics during the registrant’s most recent fiscal half-year.
Item 3. Audit Committee Financial Expert.
Disclosure required in registrant’s annual Form N-CSR.
Item 4. Principal Accountant Fees and Services.
Disclosure required in registrant’s annual Form N-CSR.
Item 5. Audit Committee of Listed Registrants.
Not applicable.
Item 6. Investments.
(a) Not applicable. The complete schedule of investments is included in Item 1 of this Form N-CSR.
(b) Not applicable.
Item 7. Disclosure of Proxy Voting Policies and Procedures for Closed-End Management Investment Companies.
Not applicable.
Item 8. Portfolio Managers of Closed-End Management Investment Companies.
Not applicable.
Item 9. Purchases of Equity Securities by Closed-End Management Investment Company and Affiliated Purchasers.
Not applicable.
Item 10. Submission of Matters to a Vote of Security Holders.
There has been no change to the procedures by which shareholders may recommend nominees to the registrant’s board of directors.
Item 11. Controls and Procedures.
(a) The registrant’s principal executive officer and principal financial officer have evaluated the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures within 90 days of this filing and have concluded that the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures were effective, as of that date, in ensuring that information required to be disclosed by the registrant in this Form N-CSR was recorded, processed, summarized, and reported timely.
(b) The registrant’s principal executive officer and principal financial officer are aware of no change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the period covered by this report that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.
Item 12. Disclosure of Securities Lending Activities for Closed-End Management Investment Companies.
Not applicable.
Item 13. Exhibits.
(a)(1) The registrant’s code of ethics pursuant to Item 2 of Form N-CSR is filed with the registrant’s annual Form N-CSR.
(3) Written solicitation to repurchase securities issued by closed-end companies: not applicable.
SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and the Investment Company Act of 1940, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.
T. Rowe Price Index Trust, Inc.
| By | /s/ David Oestreicher | |||||
| David Oestreicher | ||||||
| Principal Executive Officer | ||||||
| Date | August 17, 2021 | |||||
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and the Investment Company Act of 1940, this report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the registrant and in the capacities and on the dates indicated.
| By | /s/ David Oestreicher | |||||
| David Oestreicher | ||||||
| Principal Executive Officer | ||||||
| Date | August 17, 2021 | |||||
| By | /s/ Alan S. Dupski | |||||
| Alan S. Dupski | ||||||
| Principal Financial Officer | ||||||
| Date | August 17, 2021 | |||||