Loans And Allowance For Loan Losses | NOTE 4 – LOANS AND ALLOWANCE FOR LOAN LOSSES The fundamental lending business of the Company is based on understanding, measuring, and controlling the credit risk inherent in the loan portfolio. The Company's loan portfolio is subject to varying degrees of credit risk. These risks entail both general risks, which are inherent in the lending process, and risks specific to individual borrowers. The Company's credit risk is mitigated through portfolio diversification, which limits exposure to any single customer, industry or collateral type. The loan portfolio segment balances are presented in the following table: March 31, December 31, 2017 2016 Commercial & Industrial $ 67,227,602 $ 67,234,642 Commercial Real Estate 218,356,839 205,495,337 Residential Real Estate 148,931,551 153,368,115 Home Equity Line of Credit 32,244,947 33,256,012 Land 5,811,654 5,870,999 Construction 20,751,649 19,804,912 Consumer & Other 1,912,012 2,073,696 Total Loans 495,236,254 487,103,713 Less: Allowance for Loan Losses (3,159,769) (2,823,153) Net Loans $ 492,076,485 $ 484,280,560 At March 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016, loans not considered to have deteriorated credit quality at acquisition had a total remaining unamortized discount of $3,543,105 and $3,793,033, respectively, and carrying values of $174,553,606 and $187,483,532, respectively. Portfolio Segments: The Company currently manages its credit products and the respective exposure to loan losses by the following specific portfolio segments, which are levels at which the Company develops and documents its systematic methodology to determine the allowance for loan losses. The Company considers each loan type to be a portfolio segment having unique risk characteristics. Commercial & Industrial Commercial & Industrial (“C&I”) loans are made to provide funds for equipment and general corporate needs. Repayment of these loans depends primarily on the funds generated from the operation of the borrower's business. C&I loans also include lines of credit that are utilized to finance a borrower's short-term credit needs and/or to finance a percentage of eligible receivables or inventory. Of primary concern in C&I lending is the borrower's creditworthiness and ability to successfully generate sufficient cash flow from its business to service the debt. Commercial Real Estate Commercial Real Estate loans are bifurcated into Investor and Owner Occupied types (classes). Commercial Real Estate - Investor loans consist of loans secured by non-owner occupied properties and involve investment properties for warehouse, retail, apartment, and office space with a history of occupancy and cash flow. This commercial real estate class includes mortgage loans to the developers and owners of commercial real estate where the borrower intends to operate or sell the property at a profit and use the income stream or proceeds from the sale(s) to repay the loan. Commercial Real Estate - Owner Occupied loans consist of commercial mortgage loans secured by owner occupied properties and involves a variety of property types to conduct the borrower's operations. The primary source of repayment for this type of loan is the cash flow from the business and is based upon the borrower's financial health and the ability of the borrower and the business to repay. At March 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016, Commercial Real Estate – Investor loans had a total balance of $149,095,225 and $138,527,163, respectively. At March 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016, Commercial Real Estate – Owner Occupied loans had a total balance of $69,261,614 and $66,968,174, respectively. Residential Real Estate Residential Real Estate loans are bifurcated into Investor and Owner Occupied types (classes). Residential Real Estate -Investor loans consist of loans secured by non-owner occupied residential properties and usually carry higher credit risk than Residential Real Estate – Owner Occupied loans due to their reliance on stable rental income and due to a lower incentive for the borrower to avoid foreclosure. Payments on loans secured by rental properties often depend on the successful operation and management of the properties and the payment of rent by tenants. At March 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016, Residential Real Estate – Investor loans had a total balance of $42,933,949 and $44,787,039, respectively. At March 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016, Residential Real Estate – Owner Occupied loans had a total balance of $105,997,602 and $108,581,076, respectively. Home Equity Line of Credit Home Equity Lines of Credit (“HELOCs”) are a form of revolving credit in which a borrower's primary residence serves as collateral. Borrowers use HELOCs primarily for education, home improvements, and other significant personal expenditures. The borrower will be approved for a specific credit limit set at a percentage of the home's appraised value less the balance owed on the existing first mortgage. Major risks in HELOC lending include the borrower's ability to service the existing first mortgage plus the HELOC, the Company's ability to pursue collection in a second lien position upon default, and overall risks in fluctuation in the value of the underlying collateral property. Land Land loans are secured by underlying properties that usually consist of tracts of undeveloped land that do not produce income. These loans carry the risk that there will be inadequate demand to ensure the sale of the property within an acceptable time. As a result, land loans carry the risk that the builder will have to pay the property taxes and other carrying costs of the property until a buyer is identified. Construction Construction loans, which include land development loans, are generally considered to involve a higher degree of credit risk than long-term financing on improved, occupied real estate. Risk of loss on a construction loan depends largely upon the accuracy of the initial estimate of the property's value at completion of construction and estimated costs of construction, as well as the property’s ability to attract and retain tenants. Loan funds are disbursed periodically as pre-specified stages of completion are attained based upon site inspections. If the Company is forced to foreclose on a building before or at completion due to a default, it may be unable to recover all of the unpaid balance of and accrued interest on the loan as well as related foreclosure and holding costs. Consumer & Other Consumer & Other loans include installment loans, personal lines of credit, and automobile loans. Payment on these loans often depends on the borrower's creditworthiness and ability to generate sufficient cash flow to service the debt. Allowance for Loan Losses To control and monitor credit risk, management has an internal credit process in place to determine whether credit standards are maintained along with in-house loan administration accompanied by oversight and review procedures. The primary purpose of loan underwriting is the evaluation of specific lending risks that involves the analysis of the borrower's ability to service the debt as well as the assessment of the underlying collateral. Oversight and review procedures include the monitoring of the portfolio credit quality, early identification of potential problem credits and the management of the problem credits. As part of the oversight and review process, the Company maintains an allowance for loan losses to absorb estimated and probable losses inherent in the loan portfolio. For purposes of calculating the allowance, the Company segregates its loan portfolio into segments based primarily on the type of supporting collateral. The Commercial Real Estate and Residential Real Estate segments, which both exclude any collateral property currently under construction, are further disaggregated into Owner Occupied and Investor classes for each. Further, all segments are also segregated as either purchased credit impaired (“PCI”) loans, purchased loans not deemed impaired, troubled debt restructurings (“TDR”s), or new originations. The analysis for determining the allowance is consistent with guidance set forth in U.S. GAAP and the Interagency Policy Statement on the Allowance for Loan and Lease Losses. Pursuant to Bank policy, the allowance is evaluated quarterly by management and is based upon management's review of the collectability of loans in light of historical experience, the nature and volume of the loan portfolio, adverse situations that may affect the borrowers' ability to repay, estimated value of any underlying collateral and prevailing economic conditions. The allowance consists of specific and general reserves. The specific reserves relate to loans classified as impaired consisting primarily of nonaccrual loans, TDR and PCI loans where cash flows have deteriorated from those forecasted as of the acquisition date. The reserve for these loans is established when the discounted cash flows, collateral value, or observable market price, whichever is appropriate, of the impaired loan is lower than the carrying value. For impaired loans, any measured impairment is charged-off against the loan and allowance for those loans that are collateral dependent in the applicable reporting period. The general reserve covers loans that are not classified as impaired and primarily includes purchased loans not deemed impaired and new loan originations. The general reserve requirement is based on historical loss experience and several qualitative factors derived from economic and market conditions that have been determined to have an effect on the probability and magnitude of a loss. Since the Bank does not have its own sufficient loss experience, management also references the historical net charge-off experience of peer groups to determine a reasonable range of reserve values, which is permissible per Bank policy. The peer groups consist of competing Maryland-based financial institutions with established ranges in total asset size. Management will continue to evaluate the appropriateness of the peer group data used with each quarterly allowance analysis until such time that the Bank has sufficient loss experience to provide a foundation for the general reserve requirement. The qualitative analysis incorporates global environmental factors in the following trends: national and local economic metrics; portfolio risk ratings and composition; and concentrations in credit. The following table provides information on the activity in the allowance for loan losses by the respective loan portfolio segment for the three-month period ended March 31, 2017: Three Months: Commercial Commercial Residential Home Equity Consumer & Industrial Real Estate Real Estate Line of Credit Land Construction & Other Total Allowance for loan losses: Beginning balance $ 369,857 $ 1,082,855 $ 1,043,778 $ 184,296 $ 19,159 $ 111,503 $ 11,705 $ 2,823,153 Charge-offs — — (128,435) — — — — (128,435) Recoveries 113 — 24,317 — — — 100 24,530 Provision 44,075 211,004 148,403 15,382 2,198 19,198 261 440,521 Ending balance $ 414,045 $ 1,293,859 $ 1,088,063 $ 199,678 $ 21,357 $ 130,701 $ 12,066 $ 3,159,769 The following table presents loans and the related allowance for loan losses, by respective loan portfolio segment at March 31, 2017: Commercial Commercial Residential Home Equity Consumer & Industrial Real Estate Real Estate Line of Credit Land Construction & Other Total Allowance for loan losses: Ending balance: individually evaluated for impairment $ — $ — $ 258,606 $ — $ — $ — $ — $ 258,606 Ending balance: collectively evaluated for impairment 414,045 1,293,859 829,457 199,678 21,357 130,701 12,066 2,901,163 Totals $ 414,045 $ 1,293,859 $ 1,088,063 $ 199,678 $ 21,357 $ 130,701 $ 12,066 $ 3,159,769 Loans: Ending balance: individually evaluated for impairment $ 604,079 $ 272,002 $ 6,135,448 $ 54,256 $ — $ — $ 5,798 $ 7,071,583 Ending balance: collectively evaluated for impairment 65,411,113 204,404,671 131,038,188 31,545,340 3,373,947 20,648,309 1,906,214 458,327,782 Ending balance: loans acquired with deteriorated credit quality 1,212,410 13,680,166 11,757,915 645,351 2,437,707 103,340 — 29,836,889 Totals $ 67,227,602 $ 218,356,839 $ 148,931,551 $ 32,244,947 $ 5,811,654 $ 20,751,649 $ 1,912,012 $ 495,236,254 (1) Includes loans acquired with deteriorated credit quality of $143,590 that have current period charge offs. The following table provides information on the activity in the allowance for loan losses by the respective loan portfolio segment at December 31, 2016: Three Months: Commercial Commercial Residential Home Equity Consumer & Industrial Real Estate Real Estate Line of Credit Land Construction & Other Total Allowance for loan losses: Beginning balance $ 210,798 $ 727,869 $ 593,084 $ 157,043 $ 15,713 $ 62,967 $ 5,535 $ 1,773,009 Charge-offs — — (385,069) (5,203) — — (455) (390,727) Recoveries — — 51,338 — — — — 51,338 Provision 159,059 354,986 784,425 32,456 3,446 48,536 6,625 1,389,533 Ending balance $ 369,857 $ 1,082,855 $ 1,043,778 $ 184,296 $ 19,159 $ 111,503 $ 11,705 $ 2,823,153 The following table presents loans and the related allowance for loan losses, by respective loan portfolio segment at December 31, 2016: Commercial Commercial Residential Home Equity Consumer & Industrial Real Estate Real Estate Line of Credit Land Construction & Other Total Allowance for loan losses: Ending balance: individually evaluated for impairment $ — $ — $ 270,526 $ — $ — $ — $ — $ 270,526 Ending balance: collectively evaluated for impairment 369,857 1,082,855 773,252 184,296 19,159 111,503 11,705 2,552,627 Totals $ 369,857 $ 1,082,855 $ 1,043,778 $ 184,296 $ 19,159 $ 111,503 $ 11,705 $ 2,823,153 Loans: Ending balance: individually evaluated for impairment $ 641,774 $ 277,515 $ 4,521,110 $ 55,552 $ — $ — $ 5,798 $ 5,501,749 Ending balance: collectively evaluated for impairment 65,341,316 191,303,933 136,607,497 32,558,838 3,384,741 19,698,823 2,067,898 450,963,046 Ending balance: loans acquired with deteriorated credit quality (1) 1,251,552 13,913,888 12,239,508 641,623 2,486,258 106,089 — 30,638,918 Totals $ 67,234,642 $ 205,495,336 $ 153,368,115 $ 33,256,013 $ 5,870,999 $ 19,804,912 $ 2,073,696 $ 487,103,713 (1) Includes loans acquired with deteriorated credit quality of $104,460 that have current period charge-offs. The following table presents information with respect to impaired loans, which includes loans acquired with deteriorated credit quality that have current period charge-offs, at March 31, 2017 and for the three-month period ended March 31, 2017: For the three months ended At March 31, 2017 March 31, 2017 Unpaid Average Interest Recorded Principal Related Recorded Income Investment Balance Allowance Investment Recognized With no related allowance recorded: Commercial & Industrial $ 604,079 $ 692,798 $ — $ 671,604 $ 15,541 Commercial Real Estate - Investor 272,002 272,002 — 274,758 — Residential Real Estate - Investor 802,875 894,490 — 903,308 11,249 Residential Real Estate - Owner Occupied 4,672,015 4,861,451 — 4,809,767 48,065 Home Equity Line of Credit 54,256 84,174 — 69,863 — Consumer & Other 5,798 189,204 — 97,501 — With an allowance recorded: Residential Real Estate - Investor 783,194 789,517 258,606 798,140 16,227 Total 7,194,219 7,783,636 258,606 7,624,941 91,082 Total impaired loans: Commercial & Industrial $ 604,079 $ 692,798 $ — $ 671,604 $ 15,541 Commercial Real Estate 272,002 272,002 — 274,758 — Residential Real Estate 6,258,084 6,545,458 258,606 6,511,215 75,541 Home Equity Line of Credit 54,256 84,174 — 69,863 — Consumer & Other 5,798 189,204 — 97,501 — Total $ 7,194,219 $ 7,783,636 $ 258,606 $ 7,624,941 $ 91,082 The following table presents information with respect to impaired loans, which includes loans acquired with deteriorated credit quality that have current period charge-offs, at December 31, 2016 and for the year ended December 31, 2016: For the year ended At December 31, 2016 December 31, 2016 Unpaid Average Average Recorded Principal Related Recorded Income Investment Balance Allowance Investment Recognized With no related allowance recorded: Commercial & Industrial $ 641,774 $ 739,128 $ — $ 804,938 $ 79,886 Commercial Real Estate - Investor 277,515 277,515 — 294,053 — Residential Real Estate - Investor 785,500 890,719 — 994,674 11,748 Residential Real Estate - Owner Occupied 3,008,832 3,196,027 — 3,225,912 103,916 Home Equity Line of Credit 55,552 85,470 — 73,026 (68) Construction — — — Consumer & Other 5,798 189,204 — 97,501 — With an allowance recorded: Residential Real Estate - Investor 790,537 813,087 268,537 832,508 5,920 Residential Real Estate - Owner Occupied 159,028 159,028 1,989 160,102 — Total 5,724,536 6,350,178 270,526 6,482,714 201,402 Total impaired loans: Commercial & Industrial $ 641,774 $ 739,128 $ — $ 804,938 $ 79,886 Commercial Real Estate 277,515 277,515 — 294,053 — Residential Real Estate 4,743,897 5,058,861 270,526 5,213,196 121,584 Home Equity Line of Credit 55,552 85,470 — 73,026 (68) Construction — — — — — Consumer & Other 5,798 189,204 — 97,501 — Total $ 5,724,536 $ 6,350,178 $ 270,526 $ 6,482,714 $ 201,402 In addition to monitoring the performance status of the loan portfolio, the Company utilizes a risk rating scale (1-8) to evaluate loan asset quality for all loans. Loans that are rated 1-4 are classified as pass credits. Loans rated a 5 (Watch) are pass credits, but are loans that have been identified as warranting additional attention and monitoring. Loans that are risk rated 5 or higher are placed on the Company's monthly watch list. For the pass rated loans, management believes there is a low risk of loss related to these loans and, as necessary, credit may be strengthened through improved borrower performance and/or additional collateral. Loans rated a 6 (Special Mention) or higher are considered criticized loans and represent an increased level of credit risk and are placed into these three categories: 6 (Special Mention) - Borrowers exhibit potential credit weaknesses or downward trends that may weaken the credit position, if uncorrected. The borrowers are considered marginally acceptable without potential for loss of principal or interest. 7 (Substandard) - Borrowers have well defined weaknesses or characteristics that present the possibility that the Company will sustain some loss if the deficiencies are not corrected. 8 (Doubtful) - Borrowers classified as doubtful have the same weaknesses found in substandard borrowers; however, these weaknesses indicate that the collection of debt in full (principal and interest), based on current conditions, is highly questionable and improbable. In the normal course of loan portfolio management, relationship managers are responsible for continuous assessment of credit risk arising from the individual borrowers within their portfolio and assigning appropriate risk ratings. Credit Administration is responsible for ensuring the integrity and operation of the risk rating system and maintenance of the watch list. The Officer's Loan Committee meets monthly to discuss and monitor problem credits and internal risk rating downgrades that result in updates to the watch list. The following table provides information with respect to the Company's credit quality indicators by class of the loan portfolio at March 31, 2017: Risk Rating Pass Special Mention Substandard Doubtful Total Commercial & Industrial $ 62,582,177 $ 2,110,177 $ 2,535,248 $ — $ 67,227,602 Commercial Real Estate - Investor 145,310,233 708,717 3,076,276 — 149,095,226 Commercial Real Estate - Owner Occupied 66,932,175 1,135,538 1,193,900 — 69,261,613 Residential Real Estate - Investor 35,425,347 234,712 7,273,890 — 42,933,949 Residential Real Estate - Owner Occupied 98,727,064 — 7,270,538 — 105,997,602 Home Equity Line of Credit 31,959,699 — 286,539 (1,291) 32,244,947 Land 3,493,256 — 2,318,398 — 5,811,654 Construction 20,648,309 — 103,340 — 20,751,649 Consumer & Other 1,906,214 — 5,798 — 1,912,012 Total $ 466,984,474 $ 4,189,144 $ 24,063,927 $ (1,291) $ 495,236,254 The following table provides information with respect to the Company's credit quality indicators by class of the loan portfolio at December 31, 2016: Risk Rating Pass Special Mention Substandard Doubtful Total Commercial & Industrial $ 63,961,379 $ 688,595 $ 2,584,668 $ — $ 67,234,642 Commercial Real Estate - Investor 134,601,346 2,958,695 967,122 — 138,527,163 Commercial Real Estate - Owner Occupied 64,761,020 1,126,705 1,080,449 — 66,968,174 Residential Real Estate - Investor 36,905,288 240,700 7,641,052 — 44,787,040 Residential Real Estate - Owner Occupied 102,367,880 — 6,213,195 — 108,581,075 Home Equity Line of Credit 32,969,668 — 286,344 — 33,256,012 Land 3,513,607 — 2,357,392 — 5,870,999 Construction 19,698,823 — 106,089 — 19,804,912 Consumer & Other 2,067,898 — 5,798 — 2,073,696 Total $ 460,846,909 $ 5,014,695 $ 21,242,109 $ — $ 487,103,713 Management further monitors the performance and credit quality of the loan portfolio by analyzing the age of the portfolio as determined by the length of time a payment is past due. The following table presents the classes of the loan portfolio summarized by the aging categories of performing loans and nonaccrual loans at March 31, 2017. PCI loans are excluded from this aging and nonaccrual loans schedule. Accrual Loans 30-59 60-89 90 or More Days Days Days Total Nonaccrual Total Past Due Past Due Past Due Past Due Current Loans Loans Commercial & Industrial $ 94,296 $ — $ — $ 94,296 $ 65,568,393 $ 352,502 $ 66,015,191 Commercial Real Estate - Investor — — — — 140,488,857 272,002 140,760,859 Commercial Real Estate - Owner Occupied 113,255 — — 113,255 63,802,559 — 63,915,814 Residential Real Estate - Investor 63,176 — — 63,176 33,147,766 1,416,969 34,627,911 Residential Real Estate - Owner Occupied 1,684,676 28,748 — 1,713,424 96,309,486 4,522,815 102,545,725 Home Equity Line of Credit 312,766 — — 312,766 31,232,574 54,256 31,599,596 Land — — — — 3,373,948 — 3,373,948 Construction — — — — 20,648,309 — 20,648,309 Consumer & Other 15,898 150 — 16,048 1,890,166 5,798 1,912,012 Total $ 2,284,067 $ 28,898 $ — $ 2,312,965 $ 456,462,058 $ 6,624,342 $ 465,399,365 Purchased credit impaired loans 29,836,889 Total Loans $ 495,236,254 The following table presents the classes of the loan portfolio summarized by the aging categories of performing loans and nonaccrual loans at December 31, 2016. PCI loans are excluded from this aging and nonaccrual loans schedule. Accrual Loans 30-59 60-89 90 or More Days Days Days Total Nonaccrual Total Past Due Past Due Past Due Past Due Current Loans Loans Commercial & Industrial $ 17,737 $ — $ — $ 17,737 $ 65,582,550 $ 382,802 $ 65,983,089 Commercial Real Estate - Investor — — — — 129,751,253 277,515 130,028,768 Commercial Real Estate - Owner Occupied 139,670 149,119 — 288,789 61,263,891 — 61,552,680 Residential Real Estate - Investor 702,856 — — 702,856 34,114,611 1,260,961 36,078,428 Residential Real Estate - Owner Occupied 2,933,983 373,168 — 3,307,151 98,724,320 3,018,710 105,050,181 Home Equity Line of Credit 136,387 — — 136,387 32,422,450 55,552 32,614,389 Land — — — — 3,384,741 — 3,384,741 Construction 173,105 — — 173,105 19,525,718 — 19,698,823 Consumer & Other — — — — 2,067,898 5,798 2,073,696 Total $ 4,103,738 $ 522,287 $ — $ 4,626,025 $ 446,837,432 $ 5,001,338 $ 456,464,795 Purchased credit impaired loans 30,638,918 Total Loans $ 487,103,713 Troubled Debt Restructurings The restructuring of a loan constitutes a TDR if the creditor, for economic or legal reasons related to the debtor’s financial difficulties, grants a concession to the debtor that it would not otherwise consider in the normal course of business. A concession may include an extension of repayment terms which would not normally be granted, a reduction of interest rate or the forgiveness of principal and/or accrued interest. If the debtor is experiencing financial difficulty and the creditor has granted a concession, the Company will make the necessary disclosures related to the TDR. In certain cases, a modification may be made in an effort to retain a customer who is not experiencing financial difficulty. This type of modification is not considered to be a TDR. Once a loan has been modified and is considered a TDR, it is reported as an impaired loan. All TDRs are evaluated individually for impairment on a quarterly basis as part of the allowance for credit losses calculation. A specific allowance for TDR loans is established when the discounted cash flows, collateral value or observable market price, whichever is appropriate, of the TDR is lower than the carrying value. If a loan deemed a TDR has performed for at least six months at the level prescribed by the modification, it is not considered to be non-performing; however, it will generally continue to be reported as impaired, but may be returned to accrual status. A TDR is deemed in default on its modified terms once a contractual payment is 30 or more days past due. The following table presents a breakdown of loans that the Company modified during the three-month periods ended March 31, 2017 and 2016: Three Months Ended March 31, 2017 Three Months Ended March 31, 2016 Pre-Modification Post-Modification Pre-Modification Post-Modification Outstanding Outstanding Outstanding Outstanding Number of Recorded Recorded Number of Recorded Recorded Contracts Investment Investment Contracts Investment Investment Troubled Debt Restructurings: Commercial & Industrial — $ — $ — — $ — $ — Commercial Real Estate – Investor — — — — — — Commercial Real Estate – Owner Occupied — — — — — — Residential Real Estate - Investor — — — 1 38,785 38,785 Residential Real Estate - Owner Occupied — — — — — — Home Equity Line of Credit — — — — — — Totals — $ — $ — 1 $ 38,785 $ 38,785 For the three-month period ended March 31, 2017, there were no loans modified as a TDR. None of the loans modified as a TDR during the previous 12 months were in default of their modified terms at the quarter ended March 31, 2017. At March 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016, the Bank had $1,728,919 and $1,824,206, respectively, in loans identified as TDRs of which $1,281,678 and $1,323,795, respectively, were on nonaccrual status. |