Borrowings and Credit Agreements | Borrowings and Credit Agreements The Company’s borrowings consisted of the following: September 30, September 24, Current debt obligations, net of debt discount and issuance costs: Term Loan $ 121.3 $ 83.8 Revolver 345.0 — Securitization Program 200.0 200.0 Convertible Notes 484.5 12.2 Total current debt obligations 1,150.8 296.0 Long-term debt obligations, net of debt discount and issuance costs: Term Loan 1,190.5 1,308.2 2022 Senior Notes 981.6 977.7 Convertible Notes — 763.5 Total long-term debt obligations 2,172.1 3,049.4 Total debt obligations $ 3,322.9 $ 3,345.4 The debt maturity schedule for the Company’s obligations as of September 30, 2017 is as follows: 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 and Thereafter Total Term Loan $ 121.9 $ 150.0 $ 1,050.0 $ — $ — $ — $ 1,321.9 Revolver 345.0 — — — — — 345.0 Securitization Program 200.0 — — — — — 200.0 2022 Senior Notes — — — — 1,000.0 — 1,000.0 Convertible Notes (1) 488.3 — — — — 488.3 $ 1,155.2 $ 150.0 $ 1,050.0 $ — $ 1,000.0 $ — $ 3,355.2 (1) Classified based on the earliest date of redemption for each respective issuance. In addition, the balance in fiscal 2018 reflects accretion on the 2013 Notes through September 30, 2017. As discussed below, in October 2017 the Company refinanced its Credit Agreement and Term Loan which included increasing the amount outstanding to $1.5 billion , adjusting the principal payments and extending the maturity dates. In addition, the Company issued senior notes for $350 million due 2025. The above schedule does not reflect these subsequent changes to the Company's obligations. Credit Agreement On May 29, 2015, the Company and certain of its domestic subsidiaries entered into a Credit and Guaranty Agreement (the “Credit Agreement”) with Bank of America, N.A., in its capacity as Administrative Agent, Swing Line Lender and L/C Issuer, and certain other lenders party thereto (collectively, the "Lenders"). This Credit Agreement replaced the Company's existing senior secured credit facility with Goldman Sachs Bank USA, in its capacity as administrative agent and collateral agent and the lenders party thereto ("Prior Credit Agreement") entered into on August 1, 2012, and the proceeds under the Credit Agreement of $1.68 billion were used to pay off the amounts outstanding under the Prior Credit Agreement. The credit facilities ("Credit Facilities") under the Credit Agreement consisted of: • A $1.5 billion secured term loan to the Company with a final maturity date of May 29, 2020 (the “Term Loan”); and • A secured revolving credit facility under which the Borrowers (as defined below) may borrow up to $1 billion , subject to certain sublimits, with a final maturity date of May 29, 2020 (the “Revolver”). In addition to the Term Loan, the Company borrowed $175.0 million under the Revolver upon entering into the Credit Agreement that was subsequently repaid during fiscal 2016. Borrowings under the Credit Facilities bore interest, at the Company's option and in each case plus an applicable margin, as follows: • Term Loan : the Base Rate (as defined in the Credit Agreement) or the Eurocurrency Rate (i.e., the Libor rate); and • Revolver : if funded in U.S. dollars, the Base Rate or the Eurocurrency Rate, and, if funded in an alternative currency, the Eurocurrency Rate; and if requested under the swing line sublimit, the Base Rate. The applicable margin to the Base Rate and the Eurocurrency Rate was subject to specified changes depending on the total net leverage ratio as defined in the Credit Agreement. Current borrowings outstanding under the Credit Agreement bore interest at the Eurocurrency Rate plus the applicable margin, which was 1.50% per annum as of September 30, 2017. The Company was also required to pay a quarterly commitment fee on the undrawn committed amount available under the Revolver. The Company was required to make scheduled principal payments under the Term Loan in increasing amounts ranging from $18.75 million per three-month period commencing with the three-month period ending on September 25, 2015 to $37.5 million per three-month period commencing with the three-month period ending on September 28, 2018. The remaining balance of the Term Loan and amounts outstanding under the Revolver were due at maturity. In addition, subject to the terms and conditions set forth in the Credit Agreement, the Company could be required to make certain mandatory prepayments from specified excess cash flows from operations (to the extent the Company’s net senior secured leverage ratio exceeds a certain ratio) and from the net proceeds of specified types of asset sales (subject to certain reinvestment rights), debt issuances and insurance recoveries (subject to certain reinvestment rights) (“Mandatory Prepayments”). Mandatory Prepayments were required to be applied by the Company, first, to the Term Loan, second, to any outstanding amount under the swing line sublimit, third, to the Revolver, and fourth to any outstanding amount under a letter of credit sublimit. Subject to certain limitations, the Company could have voluntarily prepaid any of the credit facilities under the Credit Agreement without premium or penalty. Borrowings outstanding under the Credit Agreement in fiscal 2017 , 2016 and 2015 had weighted-average interest rates of 2.39% , 2.08% and 2.43% , respectively. The interest rate on the amounts outstanding at September 30, 2017 was 2.73% . Interest expense in fiscal 2017 , 2016 and 2015 aggregated $42.3 million and $40.4 million , and $54.7 million , respectively, which includes non-cash interest expense of $4.2 million , $4.4 million , and $9.0 million respectively, related to the amortization of the deferred issuance costs and accretion of the debt discount. The Credit Agreement contained affirmative and negative covenants customarily applicable to senior secured credit facilities, including covenants restricting the ability of the Borrowers and the Subsidiary Guarantors, subject to negotiated exceptions, to incur additional indebtedness and additional liens on their assets, engage in mergers or acquisitions or dispose of assets, enter into sale-leaseback transactions, pay dividends or make other distributions, voluntarily prepay other indebtedness, enter into transactions with affiliated persons, make investments, and change the nature of their businesses. The Credit Agreement also contained customary representations and warranties and events of default, including payment defaults, breach of representations and warranties, covenant defaults, cross defaults and an event of default upon a change of control of the Company. Borrowings were secured by first-priority liens on, and a first-priority security interest in, substantially all of the assets of the Company, with certain exceptions. For example, borrowings under the Credit Agreement were not secured by those accounts receivable that are transferred to the special purpose entity under the Company's Accounts Receivable Securitization program. The Credit Agreement contained total net leverage ratio and interest coverage ratio financial covenants measured as of the last day of each fiscal quarter and an excess cash flow prepayment requirement measured as of the end of each fiscal year. The total net leverage ratio was 5.50 :1.00 beginning on the Company's fiscal quarter ended September 26, 2015, and then decreased over time to 4.00 :1.00 for the quarter ending March 28, 2020. The interest coverage ratio was 3.75 :1.00 beginning on the Company's fiscal quarter ended September 26, 2015, and remained as such for each quarter thereafter. The total net leverage ratio was defined as the ratio of the Company's consolidated net debt as of the quarter end to its consolidated adjusted EBITDA (as defined in the Credit Agreement) for the four-fiscal quarter period ending on the measurement date. The interest coverage ratio was defined as the ratio of the Company's consolidated adjusted EBITDA for the prior four-fiscal quarter period ending on the measurement date to adjusted consolidated cash interest expense (as defined in the Credit Agreement) for the same measurement period. The Company was in compliance with these covenants as of September 30, 2017 , and no Mandatory Prepayments were required as of September 30, 2017 . The Company evaluated the Credit Agreement for derivatives pursuant to ASC 815, Derivatives and Hedging , and identified embedded derivatives that required bifurcation as the features are not clearly and closely related to the host instrument. The embedded derivatives were a default provision, which could require additional interest payments, and a provision requiring contingent payments to compensate the lenders for changes in tax deductions. The Company determined that the fair value of these embedded derivatives was nominal as of September 30, 2017 and September 24, 2016 . Pursuant to ASC 470, Debt (ASC 470), the accounting for the Credit Agreement was evaluated on a creditor-by-creditor basis with regard to the Prior Credit Agreement to determine whether each transaction should be accounted for as a modification or extinguishment. Certain creditors under the Prior Credit Agreement did not participate in this refinancing transaction and ceased being creditors of the Company. As a result, the Company recorded a debt extinguishment loss of $18.2 million in the third quarter of fiscal 2015 to write-off the pro-rata amount of unamortized debt discount and deferred issuance costs related to these creditors. For the remainder of the creditors, this transaction was accounted for as a modification because on a creditor-by-creditor basis the present value of the cash flows between the two debt instruments before and after the transaction was less than 10% . Pursuant to ASC 470, subtopic 50-40, third-party costs of $4.6 million related to this transaction were recorded as interest expense and $3.8 million were recorded as deferred issuance costs to be amortized over the term of the agreement. In addition, fees paid directly to the Lenders of $4.9 million were recorded as a debt discount. On May 6, 2016, the Company used the proceeds borrowed under the Securitization Program, discussed below, to repay $175.0 million owed under its Revolver. At various times during fiscal 2017, the Company borrowed $345.0 million under its Revolver in order to repay amounts owed on its convertible debt and to repurchase $200.1 million of its common stock. This amount was outstanding as of September 30, 2017 . Prior Credit Agreement On August 1, 2012, the Company and certain domestic subsidiaries (the “Guarantors”) entered into the Prior Credit Agreement with Goldman Sachs Bank USA, in its capacity as administrative and collateral agent, and the lenders party thereto (collectively, the “Prior Lenders”). The credit facilities under the Prior Credit Agreement initially consisted of: • $1.0 billion senior secured tranche A term loan (“Term Loan A”) with a final maturity date of August 1, 2017 ; • $1.5 billion secured tranche B term loan (“Term Loan B”) with a final maturity date of August 1, 2019 ; and • $300.0 million secured revolving credit facility (“Revolving Facility”) with a final maturity date of August 1, 2017 . Pursuant to the terms and conditions of the Prior Credit Agreement, the Prior Lenders committed to provide senior secured financing in an aggregate amount of up to $2.8 billion . As of the closing of the Gen-Probe Incorporated acquisition on August 1, 2012, the Company borrowed $2.5 billion aggregate principal under the term loans of the Prior Credit Agreement. On December 24, 2014, the Company voluntarily prepaid $300.0 million of the Term Loan B facility. Pursuant to ASC 470, the Company recorded a debt extinguishment loss of $6.7 million in the first quarter of fiscal 2015 to write-off the pro-rata amount of unamortized debt discount and deferred issuance costs related to this voluntary prepayment. Senior Notes 2022 Senior Notes On July 2, 2015, the Company completed a private placement of $1.0 billion aggregate principal amount of its 5.250% Senior Notes due 2022 (the “2022 Senior Notes”) at an offering price of 100% of the aggregate principal amount of the 2022 Senior Notes. The 2022 Senior Notes mature on July 15, 2022 and bear interest at the rate of 5.250% per year, payable semi-annually on January 15 and July 15 of each year, commencing on January 15, 2016. The Company used the net proceeds of the 2022 Senior Notes, plus available cash to redeem the outstanding 6.25% Senior Notes due 2020 (the "Senior Notes") in the aggregate principal amount of $1.0 billion on August 1, 2015 at an aggregate redemption price of $1.03 billion , reflecting a premium payment of $31.25 million . In addition, the Company made a final interest payment in the amount of $31.25 million for interest accrued to August 1, 2015, to holders of record of the Senior Notes as of July 15, 2015. As a result of this transaction, the Company recorded a debt extinguishment loss in the fourth quarter of fiscal 2015 of $22.3 million , which included the pro-rata premium payment and pro-rata debt issuance costs. The Company evaluated the accounting under ASC 470 at the creditor-by-creditor level to determine modification versus extinguishment accounting. The Company recorded interest expense related to the 2022 Senior Notes and Senior Notes of $57.3 million , $56.0 million , and $67.2 million and in fiscal 2017 , 2016 and 2015 , respectively, which includes non-cash interest expense of $3.9 million , $3.8 million and $2.1 million in fiscal 2017 , 2016 and 2015 , respectively, related to the amortization of the deferred financing costs. The 2022 Senior Notes were not registered, and will be not registered, under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), or any state securities laws, and were offered only to qualified institutional buyers in reliance on Rule 144A under the Securities Act and outside the United States in accordance with Regulation S under the Securities Act. The 2022 Senior Notes are general senior unsecured obligations of the Company and are guaranteed on a senior unsecured basis by certain domestic subsidiaries of Hologic (the “Domestic Guarantors”). The 2022 Senior Notes were issued pursuant to an indenture (the "Indenture"), dated as of July 2, 2015, among the Company, the Domestic Guarantors and Wells Fargo Bank, National Association, as trustee. The Indenture contains covenants which limit, among other things, the ability of the Company and the Domestic Guarantors to incur additional indebtedness and additional liens on their assets, engage in mergers or acquisitions or dispose of assets, pay dividends or make other distributions, enter into certain transactions with affiliated persons and to make certain investments. These covenants are subject to a number of exceptions and qualifications, including the suspension of certain of these covenants upon the 2022 Senior Notes receiving an investment grade credit rating. The Indenture does not require the Company to maintain any financial covenants. The Company may redeem the 2022 Senior Notes at any time prior to July 15, 2018 at a price equal to 100% of the aggregate principal amount so redeemed, plus accrued and unpaid interest, if any, to the redemption date and a make-whole premium set forth in the Indenture. The Company may also redeem up to 35% of the aggregate principal amount of the 2022 Senior Notes with the net cash proceeds of certain equity offerings at any time and from time to time before July 15, 2018, at a redemption price equal to 105.250% of the aggregate principal amount so redeemed, plus accrued and unpaid interest, if any, to the redemption date. The Company also has the option to redeem the 2022 Senior Notes on or after: July 15, 2018 through July 14, 2019 at 102.625% of par; July 15, 2019 through July 14, 2020 at 101.313% of par; and July 15, 2020 and thereafter at 100% of par. In addition, if the Company undergoes a change of control, as provided in the Indenture, the Company will be required to make an offer to purchase each holder’s 2022 Senior Notes at a price equal to 101% of their principal amount, plus accrued and unpaid interest, if any, to the repurchase date. The Company evaluated the 2022 Senior Notes for derivatives pursuant to ASC 815 and did not identify any embedded derivatives that require bifurcation. All features were deemed to be clearly and closely related to the host instrument. Convertible Notes On December 10, 2007, the Company issued and sold $1.725 billion , at par, of 2.00% Convertible Senior Notes due December 15, 2037 (“2007 Notes”). On November 18, 2010, the Company entered into separate, privately-negotiated exchange agreements under which it retired $450.0 million in aggregate principal of its 2007 Notes for $450.0 million in aggregate principal of new 2.00% Convertible Exchange Senior Notes due December 15, 2037 (“2010 Notes”). On February 29, 2012, the Company entered into separate, privately-negotiated exchange agreements under which it retired $500.0 million in aggregate principal of the 2007 Notes for $500.0 million in aggregate principal of new 2.00% Convertible Senior Notes due March 1, 2042 (“2012 Notes”). On February 14, 2013, the Company entered into separate, privately-negotiated exchange agreements under which it retired $370.0 million in aggregate principal of the 2007 Notes for $370.0 million in aggregate principal of new 2.00% Convertible Senior Notes due December 15, 2043 (“2013 Notes”). The remaining 2007 Notes were redeemed in fiscal 2014. On November 9, 2016, the Company announced that pursuant to the terms of the indenture for the 2010 Notes, holders of the 2010 Notes had the option of requiring the Company to repurchase their 2010 Notes on December 16, 2016 at a repurchase price payable in cash equal to 100% of the original principal amount of the 2010 Notes. None of the 2010 Notes were surrendered for repurchase pursuant to the option. In addition, the Company also announced on November 9, 2016 that, pursuant to the terms of the indenture, it had elected to redeem, on December 19, 2016, all of the then outstanding 2010 Notes at a redemption price payable in cash equal to 100% of the accreted principal amount of the 2010 Notes. Holders of the 2010 Notes also had a right to convert their 2010 Notes. During the first quarter of fiscal 2017, all of the outstanding 2010 Notes were either converted or surrendered for conversion in aggregate principal of $12.3 million , which was paid out over the first and second quarters of fiscal 2017. The payouts included an additional $8.7 million of premium payments due to the Company's stock price exceeding the conversion price. The 2012 Notes and the 2013 Notes are collectively referred to herein as the “Convertible Notes.” Holders may require the Company to repurchase the Convertible Notes prior to maturity on the dates set forth below: • the 2012 Notes on each of March 1, 2018, 2022, 2027 and 2032 and March 2, 2037; and • the 2013 Notes on each of December 15, 2017, 2022, 2027, 2032 and 2037. Holders may also require the Company to repurchase the Convertible Notes upon a fundamental change, as defined in each of the applicable indentures. The Company may redeem all or a portion of the 2012 Notes at any time on or after March 6, 2018 and all or a portion of the 2013 Notes at any time on or after December 15, 2017 . If, prior to maturity, a holder requires the Company to repurchase the Convertible Notes or the Company elects to redeem the Convertible Notes, the repurchase or redemption price of each Convertible Note will equal 100% of its principal amount, plus accrued and unpaid interest to, but excluding, the redemption or repurchase date, as applicable. On November 14, 2017, the Company announced that it would repurchase, on December 15, 2017, all of the outstanding 2013 Notes at a repurchase price in cash equal to 100% of the accreted principal amount of the 2013 Notes validly surrendered for repurchase and not withdrawn, at the option of the holders of the 2013 Notes. The Company also announced on November 14, 2017, that it had elected to redeem, on December 15, 2017, all of the outstanding 2013 Notes (those 2013 Notes not surrendered to us for repurchase on December 15, 2017 or validly submitted for conversion prior to December 15, 2017) at a redemption price equal to 100% of the accreted principal amount of the 2013 Notes to be redeemed. It is the Company's current intent and policy to settle any conversion of the Convertible Notes as if the Company had elected to make either a net share settlement or all cash election, such that upon conversion, the Company intends to pay the holders in cash for the principal amount of the Convertible Notes and, if applicable shares of its common stock or cash to satisfy the premium based on a calculated daily conversion value. The Company also announced on November 14, 2017 that as provided in the indenture for the 2013 Notes, it had made an irrevocable election to settle any conversion of the 2013 Notes validly submitted on or after November 14, 2017 in cash. The 2010 bore interest at 2.00% per year on the principal amount payable semi-annually through December 15, 2016. The 2012, and 2013 Notes originally bore interest at a rate of 2.00% per year on the principal amount payable semi-annually on March 1 and September 1, and June 15 and December 15, respectively, of each year ending on March 1, 2018 and December 15, 2013, respectively. The 2013 Notes no longer bear interest payable at 2.00% . The 2012 Notes will accrete principal from March 1, 2018 at a rate that provides holders with an aggregate annual yield to maturity of 2.00% per year. The 2013 Notes accrete principal from their date of issuance at a rate of 4.00% per year until and including December 15, 2017, and 2.00% per year thereafter. Beginning with the six month interest period commencing March 1, 2018 and December 15, 2017, the Company will pay contingent interest during any six month interest period to the holders of 2012 and 2013 Notes, respectively, if the “trading price”, as defined, of the 2012 and 2013 Notes for each of the five trading days ending on the second trading day immediately preceding the first day of the applicable six month interest period equals or exceeds 120% of the accreted principal amount of the 2012 and 2013 Notes. The holders of each of the 2012 or 2013 Notes may convert their respective Notes into shares of the Company’s common stock at a conversion price of approximately $31.175 per share and $38.59 per share, respectively, subject to adjustment, prior to the close of business on December 1, 2041 and September 15, 2043, respectively, subject to prior redemption or repurchase of the 2012, and 2013 Notes, respectively, under any of the following circumstances: (1) during any calendar quarter if the last reported sale price of the Company’s common stock exceeds 130% of the conversion price for at least 20 trading days in the 30 consecutive trading days ending on the last trading day of the preceding calendar quarter; (2) during the five business day period after any five consecutive trading day period in which the trading price per note for each day of such period was less than 98% of the product of the last reported sale price of the Company’s common stock and the conversion rate on each such day; (3) if the notes have been called for redemption; or (4) upon the occurrence of specified corporate events. At the option of the holder, regardless of the foregoing circumstances, holders may convert their respective 2012 and 2013 Notes at any time on or after December 1, 2041 and September 15, 2043, respectively, through the close of business on the second scheduled trading day immediately preceding the maturity date. The conversion rate will not be adjusted for accrued interest or accreted principal in excess of the original $1,000 principal amount, as accrued interest and accreted principal will not be convertible into common stock. For the 2013 Notes none of these triggering events have occurred as of September 30, 2017. On various dates during the fourth quarter of fiscal 2017, the Company entered into privately negotiated repurchase transactions and extinguished $17.9 million and $68.0 million principal amount of the 2012 Notes and 2013 Notes, respectively, for total payments of $23.1 million and $82.9 million , respectively. These amounts include the conversion premium resulting from the Company's stock price on the date of the transactions being in excess of the conversion prices of $31.175 and $38.59 , respectively, and on the 2013 Notes accreted principal of $13.3 million . Under ASC 470, these transactions were accounted for as an extinguishment and derecognition of the 2012 Notes and 2013 Notes and resulted in an aggregate debt loss extinguishment of $0.6 million . On various dates during the third quarter of fiscal 2017, the Company entered into privately negotiated repurchase transactions and extinguished $100.0 million principal amount of each of its 2012 Notes and 2013 Notes, for total payments of $269.1 million . This amount includes the conversion premium resulting from the Company's stock price on the date of the transactions being in excess of the conversion prices of $31.175 and $38.59 , respectively, and on the 2013 Notes accreted principal of $18.5 million . Under ASC 470, these transactions were accounted for as an extinguishment and derecognition of the 2012 Notes and 2013 Notes and resulted in an aggregate debt loss extinguishment of $2.6 million . On various dates during the fourth quarter of fiscal 2016, the Company entered into privately negotiated repurchase transactions and extinguished $46.3 million principal amount of the 2010 Notes for total payments of $79.2 million . These amounts include the conversion premium resulting from the Company's stock price on the date of the transactions being in excess of the conversion price of $23.03 for the 2010 Notes. Under ASC 470, these transactions were accounted for as an extinguishment and derecognition of the 2010 Notes and resulted in a debt loss extinguishment of $0.8 million . In addition, $1.3 million principal was put to the Company during the quarter. On various dates during the second quarter of fiscal 2016, the Company entered into privately negotiated repurchase transactions and extinguished $90.0 million and $136.6 million principal amount of the 2010 Notes and 2012 Notes, respectively, for total payments of $140.1 million and $171.3 million , respectively. These amounts include the conversion premium resulting from the Company's stock price on the date of the transactions being in excess of the conversion price of $23.03 and $31.175 for the 2010 Notes and 2012 Notes, respectively. Under ASC 470, these transactions were accounted for as an extinguishment and derecognition of the 2010 and 2012 Notes and resulted in an aggregate debt loss extinguishment of $4.5 million . On various dates during the fourth quarter of fiscal 2015, the Company entered into privately negotiated repurchase transactions and extinguished $300.0 million principal of the 2010 Notes for a total payment of $543.7 million , which includes the conversion premium resulting from the Company's stock price on the date of the transaction being in excess of the conversion price of $23.03 . Under ASC 470, this transaction was accounted for as an extinguishment and derecognition of the 2010 Notes and resulted in a debt loss extinguishment of $15.5 million . In lieu of delivery of shares of the Company’s common stock in satisfaction of the Company’s obligation upon conversion of the Convertible Notes, the Company may elect to deliver cash or a combination of cash and shares of its common stock. If the Company elects to satisfy its conversion obligation in a combination of cash and shares of the Company’s common stock, the Company is required to deliver up to a specified dollar amount of cash per $1,000 original principal amount of Convertible Notes, and will settle the remainder of its conversion obligation in shares of its common stock, in each case based on the daily conversion value calculated as provided in the respective indentures for the Convertible Notes. This net share settlement election is in the Company’s sole discretion and does not require the consent of holders of the Convertible Notes. It is the Company’s current intent and policy to settle any conversion of the Convertible Notes as if the Company had elected to make the net share settlement election. The Convertible Notes are the Company’s senior unsecured obligations and rank equally with all of its existing and future senior unsecured debt and prior to all future subordinated debt. The Convertible Notes are effectively subordinated to any future secured indebtedness to the extent of the collateral securing such indebtedness, and structurally subordinated to all indebtedness and other liabilities (including trade payables) of the Company’s subsidiaries. Accounting for the Convertible Notes The Convertible Notes have been recorded pursuant to FASB Staff Position (“FSP”) APB 14-1, Accounting for Convertible Debt Instruments That May Be Settled in Cash upon Conversion (Including Partial Cash Settlement) (FSP APB 14-1) (codified within ASC 470) since they can be settled in cash or partially in cash upon conversion. FSP APB 14-1 requires the liability and equity components of the convertible debt instrument to be separately accounted for in a manner that reflects the entity’s nonconvertible debt borrowing rate when interest expense is subsequently recognized. The excess of the debt’s principal amount over the amount allocated to the liability component is recognized as the value of the embedded conversion feature (“equity component”) within additional-paid-in capital in stockholders’ equity and amortized to interest expense over the expected life of the liability component (typically the date of the earliest redemption) using the effective interest method. The liability component is initially recorded at its fair value, which is calculated using a discounted cash flow technique. Key inputs used to estimate the fair value of the liability component included the Company’s estimated nonconvertible debt borrowing rate as of the measurement date (i.e., the date the Convertible Notes are issued), the amount and timing of cash flows, and the expected life of the Convertible Notes. The effective interest rate is estimated by comparing other companies’ debt issuances that had features similar to the Company’s debt excluding the conversion feature and who had similar credit ratings during the same annual period as the Company. In addition, third-party transaction costs are required to be allocated to the liability and equity components based on their relative values. The original issuance of the 2007 Notes and both exchange transactions for the 2010 Notes and 2012 Notes, which each included a derecognition and re-recognition, were accounted for under this accounting guidance. The 2013 Notes exchange transaction was accounted for as a modification pursuant to ASC 470-50 and not an extinguishment because the terms of the two debt instruments were not substantially different. The Company accounted for the 2012 Notes and 2013 Notes extinguishments in fiscal 2017, discussed above, under the derecognition provisions of subtopic ASC 470-20-40, which requires the allocations of the fair value of the consideration transferred and transaction costs incurred to the extinguishment of the liability component and the reacquisition of the equity component. In connection with these transactions, the Company recorded a debt extinguishment loss on the 2012 Notes of $0.9 million and a debt extinguishment loss on the 2013 Notes of $2.3 million , for a total debt extinguishment loss of $3.2 million in fiscal 2017. The loss on the debt was calculated as the difference between the fair value of the liability component immediately before the respective transactions and their related carrying values, which includes any debt discount and deferred issuance costs. The fair value of the liability component was calculated using a discounted cash flow technique and incorporates an estimated rate for non-convertible debt (with similar features as the 2012 and 2013 Notes excluding the conversion feature) issued by a company with a credit rating similar to the Company. In addition, under this accounting standard, a portion of the fair value of the consideration transferred is allocated to the reacquisition of the equity component, which is the difference |