Our principal sources of liquidity are growth in deposits, proceeds from the maturity or sale of securities and other financial instruments, repayments from securities and loans, Federal funds purchased and securities sold under agreements to repurchase and advances from Federal Home Loan Bank (“FHLB”). As of March 31, 2001, our liquidity ratio (defined as net cash, short-term and marketable securities to net deposits and short-term liabilities) increased to 33.24% from 30.76% at year-end 2000.
To supplement its liquidity needs, the Bank maintains a total credit line of $52 million for Federal funds with three correspondent banks, a repo line of $110 million with three brokerage firms and a retail certificate of deposit line of five percent of total deposits with another brokerage firm. The Bank is also a shareholder of FHLB which enables the Bank to have access to lower cost FHLB financing when necessary. The Bank obtained non-callable advances from FHLB totaling $30 million in the third quarter of 1998 at fixed interest rates, $20 million of which expired during the third quarter of 2000.
We had significant portion of our time deposits maturing within one year or less as of March 31, 2001. Management anticipates that there may be some outflow of these deposits upon maturity due to the keen competition in our marketplaces. However, based on our historical runoff experience, we expect the outflow will be minimal and can be replenished through our normal growth in deposits.
Management believes all the above-mentioned sources will provide adequate liquidity to the Bank to meet its daily operating needs.
Bancorp, on the other hand, obtains funding for its activities primarily through dividend income contributed by the Bank and proceeds from investments in the Dividend Reinvestment Plan. Dividends paid to Bancorp by the Bank are subject to regulatory limitations. The business activities of Bancorp consist primarily of the operation of the Bank with limited activities in other investments. Management believes Bancorp’s liquidity generated from its prevailing sources are sufficient to meet its operational needs.
Market Risk
Market risk is the risk of loss from adverse changes in market prices and rates. Our principal market risk is the interest rate risk inherent in our lending, investing and deposit taking activities, due to the fact that interest earning assets and interest bearing liabilities do not change at the same speed, to the same extent, or on the same basis.
We actively monitor and manage our interest rate risk through analyzing the repricing characteristics of our loans, securities, and deposits on an on-going basis. The primary objective is to minimize the adverse effects of changes in interest rates on our earnings, and ultimately the underlying market value of equity, while structuring our asset-liability composition to obtain the maximum spread. Management uses certain basic measurement tools in conjunction with established risk limits to regulate our interest rate exposure. Due to the limitations inherent in any individual risk management tool, we use both an interest rate sensitivity analysis and a simulation model to measure and quantify the impact to our profitability or the market value of our assets and liabilities.
The interest rate sensitivity analysis details the expected maturity and repricing opportunities mismatch or sensitivity gap between interest earning assets and interest bearing liabilities over a specified timeframe. A positive gap exists when rate sensitive assets which reprice over a given time period exceed rate sensitive liabilities. During periods of increasing interest rates, net interest margin may be enhanced with a positive gap. A negative gap exists when rate sensitive liabilities which reprice over a given time period exceed rate sensitive assets. During periods of increasing interest rates, net interest margin may be impaired with a negative gap.
As of March 31, 2001, the Bank was asset sensitive with a cumulative gap ratio of a positive 23.86% within three months, and liability sensitive with a cumulative gap ratio of a negative 3.51% within one year. This compared with a positive 18.13% within three months, and a negative 9.78% within one year at year-end 2000.
Since interest rate sensitivity analysis does not measure the timing differences in the repricing of asset and liabilities, we use a simulation model to quantify the extent of the differences in the behavior of the lending and funding rates, so as to project future earnings or market values under alternative interest scenarios.
The simulation measures the volatility of net interest income and net portfolio value, defined as net present value of assets and liabilities, under immediate rising or falling interest rate scenarios in 100 basis point increments. We establish a tolerance level in our policy to define and limit interest income volatility to a change of plus or minus 30% when the hypothetical rate change is plus or minus 200 basis points. When the tolerance level is met or exceeded, we then seek corrective action after considering, among other things, market conditions, customer reaction and the estimated impact on profitability.
We entered into a limited number of derivative financial instruments in 2000 in order to mitigate the risk of interest rate exposures related to our interest earning assets and interest bearing liabilities. We believe that these transactions, when properly structured and managed, may provide a hedge against inherent interest rate risk in the balance and against risk in specific transactions. In such instances, the Bank may protect its position through the purchase or sale of interest rate futures contracts for a specific cash or interest rate risk position. Other hedge transactions may be implemented using interest rate swaps, interest rate caps, floors, financial futures, forward rate agreements, and options on futures or bonds. Prior to considering any hedging activities, we seek to analyze the costs and benefits of the hedge in comparison to other viable alternative strategies. All hedges will require an assessment of basis risk and must be approved by the Bank’s Investment Committee.
On March 21, 2000, we entered into an interest rate swap agreement with a major financial institution in the notional amount of $20 million for a period of five years. The interest rate swap was for the purpose of hedging the cash flows from a portion of our floating rate loans against declining interest rates.
On August 31, 2000, we entered into a forward rate agreement (“FRA”) with a major financial institution in the notional amount of $100 million with a term of six months. The FRA was for the purpose of hedging a portion of our Jumbo CD portfolio against declining interest rates. The FRA settled on March 5, 2001. We recognized a total of $1.954 million gain on the FRA. See note 3 of Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
The composition of our financial instruments that are sensitive to changes in interest rates have not significantly changed since December 31, 2000.
Item 3. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK
For information concerning market risk, see “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations – Market Risk”.
PART II - OTHER INFORMATION
Item 1. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
Bancorp, including its wholly-owned subsidiary, Cathay Bank, has been a party to ordinary routine litigation incidental to various aspects of its operations.
Management is not currently aware of any other litigation that is expected to have material adverse impact on Bancorp's consolidated financial condition, or the results of operations.
Item 2. CHANGES IN SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS
Not applicable.
Item 3. DEFAULTS UPON SENIOR SECURITIES
Not applicable.
Item 4. SUBMISSION OF MATTERS TO A VOTE OF SECURITY HOLDERS
During the first quarter of 2001, there were no reportable events.
Item 5. OTHER INFORMATION
Not applicable.
Item 6. EXHIBITS AND REPORTS ON FORM 8-K
Exhibit:
None
Reports on Form 8-K:
None
SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.
| Cathay Bancorp, Inc.
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| (Registrant) |
| |
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Date: May 14, 2001
| By /s/ DUNSON K. CHENG
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| Dunson K. Cheng Chairman and President |
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Date: May 14, 2001
| By /s/ ANTHONY M. TANG
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| Anthony M. Tang Chief Financial Officer |