GOODWILL AND OTHER INTANGIBLE ASSETS | NOTE 9 – GOODWILL AND OTHER INTANGIBLE ASSETS Goodwill and other identifiable indefinite lived intangibles are not amortized, but are subject to an annual impairment test, or more frequent testing if circumstances indicate that they may be impaired. Goodwill: We have two geographical reportable segments, “United States” and “International”, both of which have goodwill. The changes in the carrying amount of goodwill since January 1, 2015, by reportable segment, were as follows: In thousands United States International Total Balance as of January 1, 2015 $ 1,838,739 $ 580,093 $ 2,418,832 Goodwill acquired during the year, net 1,177,431 273,519 1,450,950 Purchase accounting allocation adjustments (43,895 ) 15,618 (28,277 ) Goodwill other changes — (440 ) (440 ) Changes due to foreign currency fluctuations — (82,888 ) (82,888 ) Balance as of December 31, 2015 2,972,275 785,902 3,758,177 Goodwill acquired during the year, net 17,390 450 17,840 Purchase accounting allocation adjustments 6,305 1,374 7,679 Changes due to foreign currency fluctuations — 6,320 6,320 Balance at March 31, 2016 $ 2,995,970 $ 794,046 $ 3,790,016 Current year adjustments to goodwill for certain 2015 acquisitions are primarily due to the finalization of intangible asset valuations. We complete our annual impairment analysis of our goodwill during the quarter ended June 30 of each year, or more frequently, if circumstances indicate that it may be impaired. Other Intangible Assets: At March 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015, the values of other intangible assets were as follows: In thousands March 31, 2016 December 31, 2015 Gross Carrying Amount Accumulated Amortization Net Value Gross Carrying Amount Accumulated Amortization Net Value Amortizable intangibles: Customer relationships $ 1,319,782 $ 162,831 $ 1,156,951 $ 1,304,388 $ 144,020 $ 1,160,368 Covenants not-to-compete 7,630 5,340 2,290 6,878 5,141 1,737 Tradenames 3,935 1,022 2,913 3,819 948 2,871 Other 16,834 1,314 15,520 18,902 916 17,986 Indefinite lived intangibles: Operating permits 234,888 — 234,888 233,101 — 233,101 Tradenames 428,282 — 428,282 426,498 — 426,498 Total $ 2,011,351 $ 170,507 $ 1,840,844 $ 1,993,586 $ 151,025 $ 1,842,561 The changes in the carrying amount of intangible assets since January 1, 2015 were as follows: In thousands Total Balance as of January 1, 2015 $ 909,645 Intangible assets acquired during the year, net 1,052,016 Impairments during the year (4,177 ) Amortization during the year (45,498 ) Changes due to foreign currency fluctuations (69,425 ) Balance as of December 31, 2015 1,842,561 Intangible assets acquired during the year, net 8,436 Amortization during the year (18,274 ) Changes due to foreign currency fluctuations 8,121 Balance at March 31, 2016 $ 1,840,844 Under generally accepted accounting principles, a fair value must be assigned to all acquired assets based on a theoretical “market participant” regardless of the acquirer's intended use for those assets. This accounting treatment can lead to the recognition of losses when a company disposes of acquired assets. We complete our annual impairment analysis of our indefinite lived intangibles during the quarter ended December 31 of each year, or more frequently, if circumstances indicate that they may be impaired. Our finite-lived intangible assets are amortized over their useful lives. We have determined that our customer relationships have useful lives from 10 to 40 years based upon the type of customer, with a weighted average remaining useful life of 19.1 years. We have covenants not-to-compete intangibles with useful lives from 5 to 14 years, with a weighted average remaining useful life of 4.4 years. We have tradename intangibles with useful lives from 15 to 40 years, with a weighted average remaining useful life of 16.9 years. Other intangibles mainly consist of landfill air rights with a weighted average remaining useful life of 18.5 years. We have determined that our permits have indefinite lives due to our ability to renew these permits with minimal additional cost, and therefore these are not amortized. We also have a trade name that we have determined has an indefinite life. During the quarters ended March 31, 2016 and 2015, the aggregate amortization expense was $18.3 million and $8.8 million, respectively. The estimated amortization expense for each of the next five years, assuming no additional amortizable intangible assets, is as follows for the years ended December 31: In thousands 2016 $ 72,287 2017 72,300 2018 72,252 2019 72,095 2020 71,805 Future amortization expense may fluctuate depending on changes in foreign currency rates, future acquisitions, or changes to the estimated amortizable life of the intangibles. The estimates for amortization expense noted above are based upon foreign exchange rates as of March 31, 2016. |