7. Consolidating Condensed Financial Information (continued)
ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATION.
You should read the following discussion together with the financial statements, including the related notes and the other financial information in this Form 10-Q.
Critical Accounting Policies
Our consolidated financial statements are prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States that require our management to make estimates and assumptions about the effects of matters that are inherently uncertain. We have summarized our significant accounting policies in Note 1 to our consolidated financial statements included herewith in Item 1. Of our accounting policies, we believe the following may involve a higher degree of judgment and complexity:
Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets
At October 26, 2003, we had goodwill and other intangible assets of $400.1 million, representing 28% of total assets. Statement of Financial Accounting Standards ("SFAS") No. 142, "Goodwill and Other Intangibles" ("SFAS 142") requires that goodwill and other intangible assets be tested for impairment annually or if an event occurs or circumstances change that may reduce the fair value of the Company below its book value. Should circumstances change or events occur to indicate that the fair value of the Company has fallen below its book value, management must then compare the estimated fair value of goodwill and other intangible assets to book value. If the book value exceeds the estimated fair value, an impairment loss would be recognized in an amount equal to that excess. Such an impai rment loss would be recognized as a non-cash component of operating income. We completed our annual impairment test as required under SFAS 142 in the fourth quarter of fiscal 2003 and determined that goodwill and other indefinite lived intangible assets were not impaired. This test required comparison of the estimated fair value of each property to book value, including goodwill and other intangible assets. The estimated fair value includes estimates of future cash flows that are based on reasonable and supportable assumptions and represent our best estimates of the cash flows expected to result from the use of the assets and their eventual disposition. Changes in estimates or application of alternative assumptions and definitions could produce significantly different results.
Property and Equipment
At October 26, 2003, we had net property and equipment of $870.3 million, representing 60% of total assets. We capitalize the cost of property and equipment. Maintenance and repairs that neither materially add to the value of the property nor appreciably prolong its life are charged to expense as incurred. Costs incurred in connection with the Company’s "all properties-other capital improvements," program include individual capital expenditures related to the purchase of furniture and equipment and upgrade of hotel rooms, restaurants and other areas of our properties. We depreciate property and equipment on a straight-line basis over their estimated useful lives. The estimated useful lives are based on the nature of the assets as well as our current operating strategy. Future events suc h as property expansions, new competition and new regulations could result in a change in the manner in which we are using certain assets requiring a change in the estimated useful lives of such assets. In assessing the recoverability of the carrying value of property and equipment, we make assumptions regarding future cash flows and other factors. If these estimates or the related assumptions change in the future, we may be required to record impairment loss for these assets. Such an impairment loss would be recognized as a non-cash component of operating income.
Self-Insurance Liabilities
We are self-funded up to a maximum amount per claim for our employee-related healthcare benefits program, workers’ compensation insurance and general liability insurance. Claims in excess of this maximum are fully insured through a stop-loss insurance policy. We accrue for these liabilities based on claims filed and estimates of claims incurred but not reported. We also rely on independent consultants to assist in the determination of estimated accruals. While the total cost of claims incurred depends on future developments, such as increases in healthcare costs, in our opinion, recorded reserves are adequate to cover payments on future claims.
Income Tax Assets and Liabilities
We account for income taxes in accordance with SFAS No. 109, "Accounting for Income Taxes" ("SFAS 109"). SFAS 109 requires that we recognize a current tax asset or liability for the estimated taxes payable or refundable based upon application of the enacted tax rates to taxable income in the current year. Additionally, we are required to recognize a deferred tax liability or asset for the estimated future tax effects attributable to temporary differences. Temporary differences occur when differences arise between: (a) the amount of taxable income and pretax financial income for a year and (b) the tax bases of assets or liabilities and their reported amounts in financial statements. SFAS 109 also requires that any deferred tax asset recognized must be reduced by a valuation allowanc e for any tax benefits that, in our judgment and based upon available evidence, may not be realizable.
The deferred tax assets and liabilities, as well as the need for a valuation allowance, are evaluated on a quarterly basis and adjusted if necessary. We use forecasted future operating results and consider enacted tax laws and rates in determining if the valuation allowance is sufficient. We operate in multiple taxing jurisdictions and are therefore subject to varying tax laws and potential audits, which could impact our assessments and estimates.
Contingencies
We are involved in various legal proceedings and have identified certain loss contingencies. We record liabilities related to these contingencies when it is determined that a loss is probable and reasonably estimable. These assessments are based on our knowledge and experience as well as the advice of legal counsel regarding current and past events. Any such estimates are also subject to future events, court rulings, negotiations between the parties and other uncertainties. If an actual loss differs from our estimate, or the actual outcome of any of the legal proceedings differs from expectations, operating results could be impacted.
The Company routinely faces challenges from federal and other tax authorities regarding the amount of taxes due. These challenges include questions regarding the timing and amount of deductions and the allocation of income among various tax jurisdictions. The Company records reserves for loss contingencies associated with the various filing positions, which are probable and subject to reasonable estimates.
Slot Club Awards
We reward our slot customers for their loyalty based on the dollar amount of play on slot machines. We accrue for these slot club awards based on an estimate of the outstanding value of the awards utilizing the age and prior history of redemptions. Future events such as a change in our marketing strategy or new competition could result in a change in the value of the awards.
General
Our results of operations for the three and six fiscal months ended October 26, 2003, reflect the consolidated operations of all of our subsidiaries and includes the following properties: the Isle-Bossier City, the Isle-Lake Charles, the Isle-Biloxi, the Isle-Lula, the Isle-Natchez, the Isle-Vicksburg, the Isle-Kansas City, the Isle-Boonville, the Isle-Bettendorf, the Isle-Marquette, the Rhythm City-Davenport, the Isle-Black Hawk, the Colorado Central Station-Black Hawk, the Colorado Grande-Cripple Creek, the Lady Luck-Las Vegas, and Pompano Park. On October 30, 2002, we completed the sale of the Lady Luck-Las Vegas. We operated the casino until September 3, 2003, when the purchaser’s designated gaming operator received regulatory approval. The Colorado Central Station-Black H awk and the Colorado Grande-Cripple Creek were acquired by Isle of Capri Black Hawk, L.L.C. on April 22, 2003.
Our results of operations for the three and six fiscal months ended October 27, 2002, reflect the consolidated operations of all of our subsidiaries and includes the following properties: the Isle-Bossier City, the Isle-Lake Charles, the Isle-Biloxi, the Isle-Lula, the Isle-Natchez, the Isle-Tunica, the Isle-Vicksburg, the Isle-Kansas City, the Isle-Boonville, the Isle-Bettendorf, the Isle-Marquette, the Rhythm City-Davenport, the Isle-Black Hawk, the Lady Luck-Las Vegas, and Pompano Park. The Isle-Tunica ceased casino operations on September 3, 2002, which was 33 days prior to the sale of assets to Boyd Casino Strip, LLC on October 7, 2002.
We believe that our historical results of operations may not be indicative of our future results of operations because of the substantial present and expected future increase in competition for gaming customers in each of our markets, as new gaming facilities open and existing gaming facilities expand or enhance their facilities.
We believe that our operating results are affected by the economy, seasonality and weather. Seasonality has historically caused the operating results for our first and fourth fiscal quarters ending in July and April, respectively, to be better than the operating results for the second and third fiscal quarters ending October and January, respectively.
Results of Operation
Three Fiscal Months October 26, 2003, Compared to Three Fiscal Months Ended October 27, 2002
Gross revenue for the quarter ended October 26, 2003, was $324.8 million, which included $275.5 million of casino revenue, $11.2 million of room revenue, $3.0 million of pari-mutuel commissions and $35.0 million of food, beverage and other revenue. This compares to gross revenue for the quarter ended October 27, 2002, of $310.9 million, which included $257.1 million of casino revenue, $13.9 million of room revenue, $4.0 million of pari-mutuel commissions and $35.9 million of food, beverage and other revenue.
Casino revenue increased 7.2% versus the same period last fiscal year, or $18.4 million for the quarter. The addition of the Colorado Central Station-Black Hawk and the Colorado Grande-Cripple Creek properties added $16.7 million in casino revenue for the quarter. Additionally, casino revenue improved at our Iowa properties. Casino revenue at the Rhythm City-Davenport increased $3.3 million, or 21.0%, over the same period last year. Casino revenue grew by $2.1 million, or 8.6%, and $1.1 million, or 10.4%, at the Isle-Bettendorf and the Isle-Marquette, respectively. These increases are due in large part to a more stable local economy and the temporary closing, in May 2003, of the Meskwaki Bingo Casino and Hotel, a competitor. Additionally, the changes in the structure of Illinois 46; gaming taxes resulted in competitors in that jurisdiction operating for fewer hours and offering fewer promotions. The increases in Iowa were partially offset by the sale of the Isle-Tunica and the Lady Luck-Las Vegas, leading to a combined decrease of $5.2 million in casino revenue for the two properties. Room revenue for the quarter decreased $2.7 million, or 19.3%, primarily due to the sale of the Isle-Tunica and the Lady Luck-Las Vegas. Food and beverage revenue for the quarter declined $0.5 million, or 1.5%. The decrease was primarily due to the sale of the Isle-Tunica and the Lady Luck-Las Vegas, resulting a decrease in food and beverage revenue totaling $1.8 million. This was partially offset by the addition of the Colorado Central Station-Black Hawk and the Colorado Grande-Cripple Creek resulting in an increase in food and beverage revenue totaling $1.4 million. Other revenue for the quarter decreased $0.4 million, or 7.9%.
Pari-mutuel commissions and fees were $3.0 million for the quarter ended October 26, 2003. This compares to pari-mutuel commissions and fees of $4.0 million for the quarter ended October 27, 2003. Pari-mutuel commissions and fees decreased $1.0 million, or 25.0%, quarter over quarter. The decrease resulted primarily from fewer live racing days at Pompano Park and from a general decrease in wagering on horse races.
Promotional allowances for the quarter ended October 26, 2003, were $55.1 million, which includes complimentary revenue of $29.3 million, redeemed coupons of $13.6 million and slot club points of $12.2 million. This compares to promotional allowances for the quarter ended October 27, 2002, of $50.8 million, which includes complimentary revenue of $29.3 million, redeemed coupons of $10.5 million and slot club points of $11.0 million. Complimentary revenue remained flat when compared to the same period last year. Redeemed coupons increased $3.1 million, or 29.5%, over the same period last year. The increase is due primarily to the addition of the Colorado Central Station-Black Hawk and the Colorado Grande-Cripple Creek adding $2.0 million in redeemed coupons. Slot club points increas ed $1.2 million, or 10.9%, due primarily to the addition of the Colorado Central Station-Black Hawk and the Colorado Grande-Cripple Creek, offset by the sale of the Lady Luck-Las Vegas.
Casino operating expenses for the quarter ended October 26, 2003, totaled $47.0 million, or 17.1% of casino revenue, versus $47.1 million, or 18.3% of casino revenue, for the quarter ended October 27, 2002. These expenses are primarily comprised of salaries, wages and benefits and other operating expenses of the casinos and remained essentially flat compared to the same period last year. Roomexpenses of $2.5 million, or 22.5% of room revenue, from the hotels at the Isle-Bossier City, the Isle-Lake Charles, the Isle-Biloxi, the Isle-Lula, the Isle-Natchez, the Isle-Vicksburg, the Isle-Bettendorf, the Isle-Marquette, the Rhythm City-Davenport, the Isle-Black Hawk, the Colorado Central Station-Black Hawk and the Colorado Grande-Cripple Creek compared to room expenses of $3.5 m illion, or 25.0% of room revenue, for the quarter ended October 27, 2002, from the hotels at the Isle-Bossier City, the Isle-Lake Charles, the Isle-Biloxi, the Isle-Lula, the Isle-Natchez, the Isle-Tunica, the Isle-Vicksburg, the Isle-Bettendorf, the Isle-Marquette, the Rhythm City-Davenport, the Isle-Black Hawk and the Lady Luck-Las Vegas. These expenses directly relate to the cost of providing hotel rooms. Other costs of the hotels are shared with the casinos and are presented in their respective expense categories. Room expenses decreased $1.0 million, or 27.4%, versus the same period last fiscal year.
For the quarter ended October 26, 2003, state and local gaming taxes in Louisiana, Mississippi, Colorado, Iowa, Missouri and Nevada totaled $60.3 million, or 21.9% of casino revenue, compared to $56.4 million, or 21.9% of casino revenues for the three fiscal months ended October 27, 2002, which is consistent with each state’s gaming tax rate for the applicable fiscal quarters. On April 1, 2002, the gaming tax rate at the Isle-Bossier City increased from 19.5% to 20.5% and increased again, from 20.5% to 21.5%, on April 1, 2003.
Food, beverage and other expenses totaled $7.5 million for the quarter ended October 26, 2003, compared to $8.5 million for the quarter ended October 27, 2002, decreasing $1.0 million, or 11.8%. Food, beverage and other operating expenses as a percentage of food, beverage and other revenues decreased to 21.3% for the quarter ended October 26, 2003, from 23.7% for the quarter ending October 27, 2002. These expenses consist primarily of the cost of goods sold, salaries, wages and benefits and other operating expenses of these departments. These expenses have decreased primarily as a result of the sale of the Isle-Tunica and the Lady Luck-Las Vegas, decreasing food, beverage and other expenses by a total of $1.0 million for the two properties.
Marine and facilities expenses remained essentially flat versus the same period last fiscal year. These expenses totaled $17.0 million for the quarter ended October 26, 2003, versus $17.1 million for the quarter ended October 27, 2002, for an increase of $0.1 million, or 0.6%. These expenses include salaries, wages and benefits, operating expenses of the marine crews, insurance, public areas, housekeeping and general maintenance of the riverboats and pavilions.
Marketing and administrative expenses totaled $75.1 million, or 27.9% of net revenues, for the quarter ended October 26, 2003, versus $72.6 million, or 27.9% of net revenues, for the quarter ended October 27, 2002, for an increase of $2.5 million, or 3.5%. Marketing expenses include salaries, wages and benefits of the marketing and sales departments, as well as promotions, advertising, special events and entertainment. Administrative expenses include administration and human resource department expenses, rent, new development activities, professional fees and property taxes. These expenses increased primarily because discretionary employee and other benefits, company-wide, have increased approximately $1.5 million, and advertising expense, company-wide, has increased approximately $1.9 million primarily due to an increase in television and radio advertising introducing new marketing initiatives. Furthermore, the addition of $4.2 million in marketing and administrative expenses from the Colorado Central Station-Black Hawk and the Colorado Grande-Cripple Creek was offset by the combined decrease of $4.3 million as a result of the sale of the Isle-Tunica and the Lady Luck-Las Vegas.
Depreciation and amortization expense was $21.4 million for the quarter ended October 26, 2003, and $18.3 million for the quarter ended October 27, 2002. Depreciation and amortization expense increased by $3.2 million compared to the same period last year and is consistent with an increase in fixed assets placed into service or acquired.
Interest expense was $20.9 million for the quarter ended October 26, 2003, as compared to interest expense of $20.7 million for the quarter ended October 27, 2002. Interest expense primarily relates to indebtedness incurred in connection with the acquisition of property, equipment, leasehold improvements and berthing and concession rights. For the Company, excluding the Isle-Black Hawk, interest expense was $18.1 million for the quarter ended October 26, 2003, as compared to $19.3 million for the quarter ended October 27, 2002. Interest expense for the Company, excluding the Isle-Black Hawk, decreased because of generally lower interest rates, as well as a $0.5 million increase in capitalized interest for the period due to construction projects at the Isle-Biloxi and the Isle-Bossi er City. At the Isle-Black Hawk, interest expense was $2.9 million for the quarter ended October 26, 2003. This compares to interest expense of $1.4 million for the quarter ended October 27, 2002. The substantial increase in interest expense at the Isle-Black Hawk relates primarily to the financing of the purchase of the Colorado Central Station-Black Hawk and the Colorado Grande-Cripple Creek.
During the second quarter of fiscal 2004, the Internal Revenue Service concluded a federal tax examination covering four tax years without significant adjustments and provided administrative guidance on certain other tax matters for other open years. As a result, we analyzed our tax reserves and reduced income tax expense by approximately $3.0 million for the three months ended October 26, 2003, for previously accrued income tax liabilities. This had the effect of reducing our effective tax rate to 14.5% for the three months ended October 26, 2003, excluding our minority interest partner’s portion of the Colorado Central Station-Black Hawk and the Colorado Grande-Cripple Creek income taxes as compared to 36.3% for the three months ended October 27, 2002. Excluding the impact o f these developments, our fiscal 2004 effective tax rate for the three months ended October 26, 2003, would have been 37.3%, excluding our minority interest partner’s portion of the Colorado Central Station-Black Hawk and the Colorado Grande-Cripple Creek income taxes.
Six Fiscal Months Ended October 26, 2003, Compared to Six Fiscal Months Ended October 27, 2002
Gross revenue for the six fiscal months ended October 26, 2003, was $667.8 million, which included $564.3 million of casino revenue, $23.1 million of room revenue, $7.7 million of pari-mutuel commissions and $72.7 million of food, beverage and other revenue. This compares to gross revenue for the six fiscal months ended October 27, 2002, of $638.4 million, which included $527.2 million of casino revenue, $28.6 million of room revenue, $9.6 million of pari-mutuel commissions and $73.0 million of food, beverage and other revenue.
Casino revenue increased $37.1 million, or 7.0%, primarily as a result of the addition of the Colorado-Central Station and the Colorado Grande-Cripple Creek. These properties added $29.1 million and $4.4 million in casino revenue, respectively. Additionally, casino revenue at the Rhythm City-Davenport increased $5.5 million, or 14.8%, compared to the similar period last year. This increase is attributable to the development of the unique Rhythm City brand, the more stable local economy, and the temporary closing, in May of 2003, of the Meskwaki Bingo Casino and Hotel, a competitor. Additionally, the changes in the structure of Illinois’ gaming taxes resulted in competitors in that jurisdiction operating for fewer hours and offering fewer promotions. The increases in Iowa were partially offset by decreases of $9.1 million and $2.8 million in casino revenue at the Isle-Tunica and the Lady Luck-Las Vegas, respectively, resulting from the sale of those properties. The Isle-Bossier City also had a decline in casino revenue of $4.6 million, or 7.7%. The decrease is attributable to construction and increased competition. Room revenue decreased $5.6 million, or 19.4%, due to the sale of the Isle-Tunica and the Lady Luck-Las Vegas. Last year over the same period these properties contributed $1.5 million and $3.5 million, respectively. Additionally, lower occupancy levels and room inventory decreased room revenue at the Rhythm City-Davenport by $0.2 million, or 26.5%. Food and beverage revenue decreased primarily because of the sale of the Isle-Tunica and the Lady Luck-Las Vegas. The
Isle-Tunica and the Lady Luck-Las Vegas had food and beverage revenue of $1.1 million and $2.9 million, respectively, for the six fiscal months ended October 27, 2002. These decreases were partially offset by $1.7 million contributed by the recently acquired Colorado Central Station-Black Hawk and $1.0 million contributed by the recently acquired Colorado Grande-Cripple Creek. Other revenue increased $0.6 million, or 6.9%, primarily as the result of a litigation settlement in the first fiscal quarter of 2004.
Pari-mutuel commissions and fees were $7.8 million for the six fiscal months ended October 26, 2003. This compares to pari-mutuel commissions and fees of $9.6 million for the six fiscal months ended October 27, 2003. Pari-mutuel commissions and fees decreased $1.8 million, or 18.8%, from the same period last fiscal year. The decrease resulted primarily from fewer live racing days at Pompano Park and from a general decrease in wagering on horse races.
Promotional allowances for the six fiscal months ended October 26, 2003, were $112.4 million, which includes complimentary revenue of $59.6 million, redeemed coupons of $27.7 million and slot club points of $25.1 million. This compares to promotional allowances for the six fiscal months ended October 27, 2002, of $101.7 million, which includes complimentary revenue of $59.8 million, redeemed coupons of $20.3 million, and slot club points of $21.6 million. Complimentary revenue remained essentially flat when compared to the same period last year. Redeemed coupons increased $7.4 million, or 36.5%, over the same period last year. The increase is due primarily to the addition of the Colorado Central Station-Black Hawk and the Colorado Grande-Cripple Creek adding a total of $3.7 million in redeemed coupons. The Isle-Boonville’s redeemed coupons increased by $1.0 million, or 128.2%, due to the maturing of the property’s player database resulting in a larger pool of players to redeem coupons. Slot club points increased $3.5 million, or 16.2%, due primarily to the addition of $2.7 million at the Colorado Central Station-Black Hawk and the Colorado Grande-Cripple Creek. Additionally, a more aggressive point structure at the Rhythm City-Davenport has resulted in an increase of slot club points of $1.1 million, or 44.6%.
Casino operating expenses for the six fiscal months ended October 26, 2003, totaled $96.5 million, or 17.1% of casino revenue, versus $97.1 million, or 18.4% of casino revenue, for the six fiscal months ended October 27, 2002. These expenses are primarily comprised of salaries, wages and benefits and other operating expenses of the casinos. Casino operating expenses decreased $0.6 million, or 0.7%, resulting from the offset of the decrease in casino operating expenses caused by the sale of the Isle-Tunica and the Lady Luck-Las Vegas properties with the addition of the Colorado Central Station-Black Hawk and the Colorado Grande-Cripple Creek.
Operating expenses for the six fiscal months ended October 26, 2003, also included room expenses of $5.1 million, or 22.1% of room revenue from the hotels at the Isle-Biloxi, the Isle-Vicksburg, the Isle-Natchez, the Isle-Bossier City, the Isle-Lake Charles, the Isle-Lula, the Isle-Black Hawk, the Isle-Bettendorf, the Rhythm City-Davenport, the Isle-Marquette, the Colorado Central Station-Black Hawk and the Colorado Grande-Cripple Creek, compared to $7.1 million, or 24.9% of room revenue from the hotels at the Isle-Biloxi, the Isle-Vicksburg, the Isle-Natchez, the Isle-Bossier City, the Isle-Lake Charles, the Isle-Tunica, the Isle-Lula, the Isle-Black Hawk, the Isle-Bettendorf, the Rhythm City-Davenport, the Isle-Marquette and the Lady Luck-Las Vegas. Room expense decreased by $2.0 million, or 28.6%. The decrease in room expense was caused primarily by the sale of the Isle-Tunica and the Lady Luck-Las Vegas decreasing room expense by $1.7 million and $0.3 million, respectively. Other costs of the hotels are shared with the casinos and are presented in their respective expense categories.
For the six fiscal months ended October 26, 2003, state and local gaming taxes were paid in Louisiana, Mississippi, Colorado, Iowa, Missouri and Nevada totaled $122.6 million, or 21.7% of casino revenue, compared to $115.1 million, or 21.8% of casino revenue for the six fiscal
months ended October 27, 2002, which is consistent with each state’s gaming tax rate for the applicable period. On April 1, 2002, the gaming tax rate at the Isle-Bossier City increased from 19.5% to 20.5% and increased again, from 20.5% to 21.5%, on April 1, 2003.
Food, beverage and other expenses totaled $16.0 million for the six fiscal months ended October 26, 2003, compared to $17.8 million for the six fiscal months ended October 27, 2002, a decrease of $1.8 million, or 9.9%. Food and beverage and other operating expenses as a percentage of food, beverage and other revenues decreased to 22.1% for the six fiscal months ended October 26, 2003, from 24.4% for the six fiscal months ending October 27, 2002. These expenses consist primarily of the cost of goods sold, salaries, wages and benefits and other operating expenses of these departments. These expenses have decreased primarily as a result of sale of the Isle-Tunica and the Lady Luck-Las Vegas and were partially offset by the addition of the Colorado Central Station-Black Hawk and the Co lorado Grande-Cripple Creek.
Marine and facilities expenses totaled $33.0 million for the six fiscal months ended October 26, 2003, versus $35.4 million for the six fiscal months ended October 27, 2002. These expenses include salaries, wages and benefits, operating expenses of the marine crews, insurance, public areas, housekeeping and general maintenance of the riverboats and pavilions. These expenses have decreased $2.4 million, or 6.7%, primarily as a result of sale of the Isle-Tunica and the Lady Luck-Las Vegas totaling $3.6 million and were partially offset by the addition of the Colorado Central Station-Black Hawk and the Colorado Grande-Cripple Creek totaling $1.4 million.
Marketing and administrative expenses totaled $150.8 million, or 27.2% of net revenues, for the six fiscal months ended October 26, 2003, versus $144.4 million, or 26.9% of net revenues, for the six fiscal months ended October 27, 2002. Marketing expenses include salaries, wages and benefits of the marketing and sales departments, as well as promotions, advertising, special events and entertainment. Administrative expenses include administration and human resource department expenses, rent, new development activities, professional fees and property taxes. These expenses have increased $6.4 million, or 4.4%, primarily because discretionary employee and other benefits, company-wide, have increased approximately $2.4 million; advertising expense, company-wide, has increased approximat ely $1.9 million as the result of an increase in television and radio advertising introducing new marketing initiatives; and special events have increased approximately $2.5 million, due primarily to an increase in promotional awards at our properties. Furthermore, the addition of $8.5 million in marketing and administrative expense from the Colorado Central Station-Black Hawk and the Colorado Grande-Cripple Creek was offset by the combined decrease of $9.1 million as a result of the sale of the Isle-Tunica and the Lady Luck-Las Vegas.
Depreciation and amortization expense was $43.1 million for the six fiscal months ended October 26, 2003, and $36.3 million for the six fiscal months ended October 27, 2002. Depreciation and amortization increased by $6.8 million and is consistent with an increase in property and equipment placed into service or acquired.
Interest expense was $42.1 million for the six fiscal months ended October 26, 2003, versus $41.8 million for the six fiscal months ended October 27, 2002, an increase of $0.3 million, or 0.7%. Interest expense primarily relates to indebtedness incurred in connection with the acquisition of property, equipment, leasehold improvements and berthing and concession rights. Additionally, interest expense includes $5.7 million related to the Isle-Black Hawk in the six fiscal months ended October 26, 2003. This compares to interest expense of $2.9 million for the six fiscal months ended October 27, 2002. The increase in interest expense at the Isle-Black Hawk is a result of financing the purchase of the Colorado Central Station-Cripple Creek and the Colorado Grande-Cripple Creek.