Finance Receivables | (2) Finance Receivables Finance receivables consisted of the following: March 31, 2018 Lease Retail Dealer Total (U.S. dollars in millions) Finance receivables $ 154 $ 33,140 $ 5,495 $ 38,789 Allowance for credit losses — (179 ) — (179 ) Write-down of lease residual values (9 ) — — (9 ) Unearned interest income and fees (2 ) — — (2 ) Deferred dealer participation and other deferred costs — 396 — 396 Unearned subsidy income (2 ) (1,037 ) — (1,039 ) Finance receivables, net $ 141 $ 32,320 $ 5,495 $ 37,956 March 31, 2017 Lease Retail Dealer Total (U.S. dollars in millions) Finance receivables $ 410 $ 31,103 $ 5,006 $ 36,519 Allowance for credit losses (1 ) (132 ) — (133 ) Write-down of lease residual values (16 ) — — (16 ) Unearned interest income and fees (8 ) — — (8 ) Deferred dealer participation and other deferred costs — 371 — 371 Unearned subsidy income (10 ) (819 ) — (829 ) Finance receivables, net $ 375 $ 30,523 $ 5,006 $ 35,904 Finance receivables include retail loans with a principal balance of $9.1 billion and $8.6 billion as of March 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively, which have been transferred to securitization trusts and are considered to be legally isolated but do not qualify for sale accounting treatment. These finance receivables are restricted as collateral for the payment of the related secured debt obligations. Refer to Note 10 for additional information. Contractual maturities of direct financing lease and retail loans at March 31, 2018 were as follows: Lease Retail (U.S. dollars in millions) Year ending March 31: 2019 $ 104 $ 9,520 2020 50 8,123 2021 — 6,651 2022 — 4,963 2023 — 2,900 Thereafter — 983 Total $ 154 $ 33,140 It is the Company’s experience that a portion of the finance receivable portfolio generally is repaid before contractual maturity dates. Aggregate contractual maturities, as shown above for direct financing lease and retail finance receivables, should not be regarded as a forecast of future cash collections. The uninsured portions of the direct financing lease residual values were $35 million and $78 million at March 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively. Included in the gain or loss on disposition of lease vehicles are end of term charges on both direct financing and operating leases of $63 million, $42 million and $27 million for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively. Credit Quality of Financing Receivables Credit losses are an expected cost of extending credit. The majority of the credit risk is with consumer financing and to a lesser extent with dealer financing. Credit risk can be affected by general economic conditions. Adverse changes such as a rise in unemployment can increase the likelihood of defaults. Declines in used vehicle prices can reduce the amount of recoveries on repossessed collateral. Credit risk on dealer loans is affected primarily by the financial strength of the dealers within the portfolio. Exposure to credit risk is managed through purchasing standards, pricing of contracts for expected losses, focusing collection efforts to minimize losses, and ongoing reviews of the financial condition of dealers. Allowance for Credit Losses The allowance for credit losses is management’s estimate of probable losses incurred on finance receivables, which requires significant judgment and assumptions that are inherently uncertain. The allowance is based on management’s evaluation of many factors, including the Company’s historical credit loss experience, the value of the underlying collateral, delinquency trends, and economic conditions. Consumer finance receivables in the retail loan and direct financing lease portfolio segments are collectively evaluated for impairment. Delinquencies and losses are monitored on an ongoing basis and the historical experience provides the primary basis for estimating the allowance. Management utilizes various methodologies when estimating the allowance for credit losses, including models which incorporate vintage loss and delinquency migration analysis. These models take into consideration attributes of the portfolio including loan-to-value ratios, internal and external credit scores, collateral types, and loan terms. Market and economic factors such as used vehicle prices, unemployment, and consumer debt service burdens are also incorporated into these models. Dealer loans are individually evaluated for impairment when specifically identified as impaired. Dealer loans are considered impaired when it is probable that the Company will be unable to collect all amounts due according to the terms of the contract. The Company’s determination of whether dealer loans are impaired is based on evaluations of dealership payment history, financial condition, and ability to perform under the terms of the loan agreements. Dealer loans that have not been specifically identified as impaired are collectively evaluated for impairment. There were no modifications to dealer loans that constituted troubled debt restructurings during the fiscal years ended March 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016. The Company generally does not grant concessions on consumer finance receivables that are considered troubled debt restructurings other than modifications of retail loans in reorganization proceedings pursuant to the U.S. Bankruptcy Code. Retail loans modified under bankruptcy protection were not material to the Company’s consolidated financial statements during the fiscal years ended March 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016. The Company does allow payment deferrals on consumer finance receivables. However, these payment deferrals are not considered troubled debt restructurings since the deferrals are deemed insignificant and interest continues to accrue during the deferral period. The following is a summary of the activity in the allowance for credit losses of finance receivables, excluding the provisions related to past due operating leases: Year ended March 31, 2018 Lease Retail Dealer Total (U.S. dollars in millions) Beginning balance $ 1 $ 132 $ — $ 133 Provision — 211 2 213 Charge-offs (1 ) (243 ) (2 ) (246 ) Recoveries — 79 — 79 Effect of translation adjustment — — — — Ending balance $ — $ 179 $ — $ 179 Allowance for credit losses – ending balance: Individually evaluated for impairment $ — $ — $ — $ — Collectively evaluated for impairment — 179 — 179 Finance receivables – ending balance: Individually evaluated for impairment $ — $ — $ 128 $ 128 Collectively evaluated for impairment 150 32,499 5,367 38,016 Year ended March 31, 2017 Lease Retail Dealer Total (U.S. dollars in millions) Beginning balance $ 2 $ 91 $ — $ 93 Provision 1 186 — 187 Charge-offs (2 ) (224 ) — (226 ) Recoveries — 79 — 79 Effect of translation adjustment — — — — Ending balance $ 1 $ 132 $ — $ 133 Allowance for credit losses – ending balance: Individually evaluated for impairment $ — $ — $ — $ — Collectively evaluated for impairment 1 132 — 133 Finance receivables – ending balance: Individually evaluated for impairment $ — $ — $ 1 $ 1 Collectively evaluated for impairment 392 30,655 5,005 36,052 Year ended March 31, 2016 Lease Retail Dealer Total (U.S. dollars in millions) Beginning balance $ 2 $ 84 $ — $ 86 Provision 3 129 (1 ) 131 Charge-offs (4 ) (196 ) — (200 ) Recoveries 1 74 1 76 Effect of translation adjustment — — — — Ending balance $ 2 $ 91 $ — $ 93 Allowance for credit losses – ending balance: Individually evaluated for impairment $ — $ — $ — $ — Collectively evaluated for impairment 2 91 — 93 Finance receivables – ending balance: Individually evaluated for impairment $ — $ — $ 1 $ 1 Collectively evaluated for impairment 953 30,178 4,770 35,901 Delinquencies The following is an aging analysis of past due finance receivables: 90 days Current or Total 30 – 59 days 60 – 89 days or greater Total less than 30 finance past due past due past due past due days receivables (U.S. dollars in millions) March 31, 2018 Retail loans: New auto $ 188 $ 35 $ 10 $ 233 $ 27,034 $ 27,267 Used and certified auto 59 11 2 72 3,967 4,039 Motorcycle and other 10 3 2 15 1,178 1,193 Total retail 257 49 14 320 32,179 32,499 Direct financing leases 2 — — 2 148 150 Dealer loans: Wholesale flooring 2 1 2 5 4,447 4,452 Commercial loans — — — — 1,043 1,043 Total dealer loans 2 1 2 5 5,490 5,495 Total finance receivables $ 261 $ 50 $ 16 $ 327 $ 37,817 $ 38,144 March 31, 2017 Retail loans: New auto $ 162 $ 26 $ 7 $ 195 $ 25,785 $ 25,980 Used and certified auto 48 8 2 58 3,474 3,532 Motorcycle and other 10 3 2 15 1,128 1,143 Total retail 220 37 11 268 30,387 30,655 Direct financing leases 3 2 — 5 387 392 Dealer loans: Wholesale flooring 2 — — 2 4,098 4,100 Commercial loans — — — — 906 906 Total dealer loans 2 — — 2 5,004 5,006 Total finance receivables $ 225 $ 39 $ 11 $ 275 $ 35,778 $ 36,053 Credit Quality Indicators Retail Loan and Direct Financing Lease Portfolio Segments The Company utilizes proprietary credit scoring systems to evaluate the credit risk of applicants for retail loans and leases. The scoring systems assign internal credit scores based on various factors including the applicant’s credit bureau information and contract terms. The internal credit score provides the primary basis for credit decisions when acquiring retail loan and lease contracts. Internal credit scores are determined only at the time of origination and are not reassessed during the life of the contract. Subsequent to origination, collection experience provides a current indication of the credit quality of consumer finance receivables. The likelihood of accounts charging off is significantly higher once an account becomes 60 days delinquent. Accounts that are current or less than 60 days past due are considered to be performing. Accounts that are 60 days or more past due are considered to be nonperforming. The table below presents the Company’s portfolio of retail loans and direct financing leases by this credit quality indicator: Retail Retail Direct Total consumer Retail used and motorcycle financing finance new auto certified auto and other lease receivables (U.S. dollars in millions) March 31, 2018 Performing $ 27,222 $ 4,026 $ 1,188 $ 150 $ 32,586 Nonperforming 45 13 5 — 63 Total $ 27,267 $ 4,039 $ 1,193 $ 150 $ 32,649 March 31, 2017 Performing $ 25,947 $ 3,522 $ 1,138 $ 390 $ 30,997 Nonperforming 33 10 5 2 50 Total $ 25,980 $ 3,532 $ 1,143 $ 392 $ 31,047 Dealer Loan Portfolio Segment The Company utilizes an internal risk rating system to evaluate dealer credit risk. Dealerships are assigned an internal risk rating based on an assessment of their financial condition. Factors including liquidity, financial strength, management effectiveness, and operating efficiency are evaluated when assessing their financial condition. Financing limits and interest rates are determined from these risk ratings. Monitoring activities including financial reviews and inventory inspections are performed more frequently for dealerships with weaker risk ratings. The financial conditions of dealerships are reviewed and their risk ratings are updated at least annually. The Company’s outstanding portfolio of dealer loans has been divided into two groups in the tables below. Group A includes the loans of dealerships with the strongest internal risk rating. Group B includes the loans of all remaining dealers. Although the likelihood of losses can be higher for dealerships in Group B, the overall risk of losses is not considered significant. March 31, 2018 2017 Wholesale Commercial Wholesale Commercial flooring loans Total flooring loans Total (U.S. dollars in millions) Group A $ 2,791 $ 684 $ 3,475 $ 2,689 $ 628 $ 3,317 Group B 1,661 359 2,020 1,411 278 1,689 Total $ 4,452 $ 1,043 $ 5,495 $ 4,100 $ 906 $ 5,006 |