Accounting Policies, by Policy (Policies) | 12 Months Ended |
Dec. 31, 2013 |
Accounting Policies [Abstract] | ' |
Basis of Accounting, Policy [Policy Text Block] | ' |
Description of Business |
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Royale Energy is an independent oil and gas producer which also has operations in the area of turnkey drilling. Royale Energy owns wells and leases in major geological basins located primarily in California, Texas, and Utah. Royale Energy offers fractional working interests and seeks to minimize the risks of oil and gas drilling by selling multiple well drilling projects which do not include the use of debt financing. |
Use of Estimates, Policy [Policy Text Block] | ' |
Use of Estimates |
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The preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates. |
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Material estimates that are particularly susceptible to significant change relate to the estimate of Company oil and gas reserves prepared by an independent engineering consultant. Such estimates are subject to numerous uncertainties inherent in the estimation of quantities of proven reserves. Estimated reserves are used in the calculation of depletion, depreciation and amortization, unevaluated property costs, impairment of oil and natural gas properties, estimated future net cash flows, taxes, and contingencies |
Revenue Recognition, Policy [Policy Text Block] | ' |
Revenue Recognition |
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Royale’s primary business is oil and gas production. Natural gas flows from the wells into gathering line systems, which are equipped occasionally with compressor systems, which in turn flow into metered transportation and customer pipelines. Monthly, price data and daily production are used to invoice customers for amounts due to Royale Energy and other working interest owners. Royale Energy operates virtually all of its own wells and receives industry standard operator fees. |
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Royale Energy generally sells crude oil and natural gas under short-term agreements at prevailing market prices. Revenues are recognized when the products are delivered, which occurs when the customer has taken title and has assumed the risks and rewards of ownership, prices are fixed or determinable and collectability is reasonably assured. |
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Revenues from the production of oil and natural gas properties in which the Royale Energy has an interest with other producers are recognized on the basis of Royale Energy’s net working interest. Differences between actual production and net working interest volumes are not significant. |
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Royale Energy’s financial statements include its pro rata ownership of wells. Royale Energy usually sells a portion of the working interest in each well it drills or participates in to third party investors and retains a portion of the prospect for its own account. Royale Energy generally retains about a 50% working interest. All results, successful or not, are included at its pro rata ownership amounts: revenue, expenses, assets, and liabilities as defined in FASB ASC 932-323-25 and 932-360. |
Oil and Gas Properties Policy [Policy Text Block] | ' |
Oil and Gas Property and Equipment |
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Depreciation, depletion and amortization, based on cost less estimated salvage value of the asset, are primarily determined under either the unit-of-production method or the straight-line method, which is based on estimated asset service life taking obsolescence into consideration. Maintenance and repairs, including planned major maintenance, are expensed as incurred. Major renewals and improvements are capitalized and the assets replaced are retired. |
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The project construction phase commences with the development of the detailed engineering design and ends when the constructed assets are ready for their intended use. Interest costs, to the extent they are incurred to finance expenditures during the construction phase, are included in property, plant and equipment and are depreciated over the service life of the related assets. |
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Royale Energy uses the “successful efforts” method to account for its exploration and production activities. Under this method, Royale Energy accumulates its proportionate share of costs on a well-by-well basis with certain exploratory expenditures and exploratory dry holes being expensed as incurred, and capitalizes expenditures for productive wells. Royale Energy amortizes the costs of productive wells under the unit-of-production method. |
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Royale Energy carries, as an asset, exploratory well costs when the well has found a sufficient quantity of reserves to justify its completion as a producing well and where Royale Energy is making sufficient progress assessing the reserves and the economic and operating viability of the project. Exploratory well costs not meeting these criteria are charged to expense. Other exploratory expenditures, including geophysical costs and annual lease rentals, are expensed as incurred. |
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Acquisition costs of proved properties are amortized using a unit-of-production method, computed on the basis of total proved oil and gas reserves. |
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Capitalized exploratory drilling and development costs associated with productive depletable extractive properties are amortized using unit-of-production rates based on the amount of proved developed reserves of oil and gas that are estimated to be recoverable from existing facilities using current operating methods. |
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Under the unit-of-production method, oil and gas volumes are considered produced once they have been measured through meters at custody transfer or sales transaction points at the outlet valve on the lease or field storage tank. |
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Production costs are expensed as incurred. Production involves lifting the oil and gas to the surface and gathering, treating, field processing and field storage of the oil and gas. The production function normally terminates at the outlet valve on the lease or field production storage tank. Production costs are those incurred to operate and maintain Royale Energy’s wells and related equipment and facilities. They become part of the cost of oil and gas produced. These costs, sometimes referred to as lifting costs, include such items as labor costs to operate the wells and related equipment; repair and maintenance costs on the wells and equipment; materials, supplies and energy costs required to operate the wells and related equipment; and administrative expenses related to the production activity. |
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Proved oil and gas properties held and used by Royale Energy are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amounts may not be recoverable. |
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Royale Energy estimates the future undiscounted cash flows of the affected properties to judge the recoverability of carrying amounts. Cash flows used in impairment evaluations are developed using annually updated evaluation assumptions for crude oil commodity prices. Annual volumes are based on field production profiles, which are also updated annually. Prices for natural gas and other products are based on assumptions developed annually for evaluation purposes. |
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Impairment analyses are generally based on proved reserves. An asset group would be impaired if the undiscounted cash flows were less than its carrying value. Impairments are measured by the amount the carrying value exceeds fair value. During 2013 and 2012, impairment losses of $70,203 and $145,461, respectively, were recorded on various capitalized lease and land costs that were no longer viable. |
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Significant unproved properties are assessed for impairment individually, and valuation allowances against the capitalized costs are recorded based on the estimated economic chance of success and the length of time that Royale Energy expects to hold the properties. The valuation allowances are reviewed at least annually. |
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Upon the sale or retirement of a complete field of a proved property, Royale Energy eliminates the cost from its books, and the resultant gain or loss is recorded to Royale Energy’s Statement of Operations. Upon the sale of an entire interest in an unproved property where the property has been assessed for impairment individually, a gain or loss is recognized in Royale Energy’s Statement of Operations. If a partial interest in an unproved property is sold, any funds received are accounted for as a recovery of the cost in the interest retained with any excess funds recognized as a gain. Should Royale Energy’s turnkey drilling agreements include unproved property, total drilling costs incurred to satisfy its obligations are recovered by the total funds received under the agreements. Any excess funds are recorded as a Gain on Turnkey Drilling Programs, and any costs not recovered are capitalized and accounted for under the “successful efforts” method. |
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Royale Energy sponsors turnkey drilling agreement arrangements in unproved properties as a pooling of assets in a joint undertaking, whereby proceeds from participants are reported as Deferred Drilling Obligations, and then reduced as costs to complete its obligations are incurred with any excess booked against its property account to reduce any basis in its own interest. Gains on Turnkey Drilling Programs represent funds received from turnkey drilling participants in excess of all costs Royale incurs during the drilling programs (e.g., lease acquisition, exploration and development costs), including costs incurred on behalf of participants and costs incurred for its own account; and are recognized only upon making this determination after Royale’s obligations have been fulfilled. |
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The contracts require the participants pay Royale Energy the full contract price upon execution of the agreement. Royale Energy completes the drilling activities typically between 10 and 30 days after drilling begins. The participant retains an undivided or proportional beneficial interest in the property, and is also responsible for its proportionate share of operating costs. Royale Energy retains legal title to the lease. The participants purchase a working interest directly in the well bore. |
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In these working interest arrangements, the participants are responsible for sharing in the risk of development, but also sharing in a proportional interest in rights to revenues and proportional liability for the cost of operations after drilling is completed and the interest is conveyed to the participant. |
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A certain portion of the turnkey drilling participant’s funds received are non-refundable. The company holds all funds invested as Deferred Drilling Obligations until drilling is complete. Occasionally, drilling is delayed due to the permitting process or drilling rig availability. At December 31, 2013 and 2012, Royale Energy had Deferred Drilling Obligations of $6,125,933 and $8,693,743 respectively. |
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If Royale Energy is unable to drill the wells, and a suitable replacement well is not found, Royale would retain the non-refundable portion of the contact and return the remaining funds to the participant. Included in cash and cash equivalents are amounts for use in completion of turnkey drilling programs in progress. |
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Losses on properties sold are recognized when incurred or when the properties are held for sale and the fair value of the properties is less than the carrying value. |
Cash and Cash Equivalents, Policy [Policy Text Block] | ' |
Cash and Cash Equivalents |
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Cash and cash equivalents include cash on hand and on deposit, and highly liquid debt instruments with maturities of three months or less |
Inventory, Policy [Policy Text Block] | ' |
Inventory |
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Inventory consists of well supplies, pipeline and spare parts and is carried at lower of cost or market. During 2013, we had a write down of $39,185 on certain oil and gas inventory and in 2012 we had a write down of $62,744 on certain oil and gas inventory to its estimated current market value |
Receivables, Policy [Policy Text Block] | ' |
Accounts Receivable |
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The Company provides for uncollectible accounts receivable using the allowance method of accounting for bad debts. Under this method of accounting, a provision for uncollectible accounts is charged to earnings. The allowance account is increased or decreased based on past collection history and management’s evaluation of accounts receivable. All amounts considered uncollectible are charged against the allowance account and recoveries of previously charged off accounts are added to the allowance. At December 31, 2013 and 2012, the Company established an allowance for uncollectable accounts of $1,081,580 and $934,876, respectively, for receivables from direct working interest investors whose expenses on non-producing wells were unlikely to be collected from revenue |
Property, Plant and Equipment, Policy [Policy Text Block] | ' |
Equipment and Fixtures |
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Equipment and fixtures are stated at cost and depreciated over the estimated useful lives of the assets, which range from three to seven years, using the straight-line method. Repairs and maintenance are charged to expense as incurred. When assets are sold or retired, the cost and related accumulated depreciation are removed from the accounts and any resulting gain or loss is included in income. Maintenance and repairs, which neither materially add to the value of the property nor appreciably prolong its life, are charged to expense as incurred. Gains or losses on dispositions of property and equipment, other than oil and gas, are reflected in operations |
Share-based Compensation, Option and Incentive Plans Policy [Policy Text Block] | ' |
Stock Based Compensation |
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Royale Energy has a stock-based employee compensation plan, which is more fully described in Note 12. Effective January 1, 2006, the Company adopted the Compensation – Stock Compensation Topic of the FASB Accounting Standards Codification, which addresses the accounting for stock-based payment transactions in which an enterprise receives employee services in exchange for (a) equity instruments of the enterprise or (b) liabilities that are based on the fair value of the enterprise’s equity instruments or that may be settled by the issuance of such equity instruments. The Company uses the Black-Scholes option-pricing model to determine the fair value of stock-based awards. |
Income Tax, Policy [Policy Text Block] | ' |
Income Taxes |
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Royale utilizes the asset and liability approach to measure deferred tax assets and liabilities based on temporary differences existing at each balance sheet date using currently enacted tax rates in accordance with the Income Taxes Topic of the FASB Accounting Standards Codification. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are adjusted for the effects of changes in tax laws and rates on the date of enactment. Under the Topic, deferred tax assets are reduced by a valuation allowance when, in the opinion of management, it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. |
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The provision for income taxes is based on pretax financial accounting income. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the expected tax consequences of temporary differences between the tax basis of assets and liabilities and their reported net amounts |
Fair Value Measurement, Policy [Policy Text Block] | ' |
Fair Value Measurements |
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According to Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures Topic of the FASB Accounting Standards Codification, assets and liabilities that are measured at fair value on a recurring and nonrecurring basis in period subsequent to initial recognition, the reporting entity shall disclose information that enable users of its financial statements to assess the inputs used to develop those measurements and for recurring fair value measurements using significant unobservable inputs, the effect of the measurements on earnings for the period. |
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At December 31, 2013, Royale Energy reported the fair value of $16,448 in available for sale securities. The fair value was determined using the number of shares owned as of December 31, 2013, multiplied by the market price of those securities on December 31, 2013. |
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The table below summarizes Royale’s fair value measurements and the level within the fair value hierarchy in which the fair value measurements fall. At December 31, 2012, Royale Energy quoted prices in active markets for identical assets when determining the fair value measurements at the reporting date. |
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Description | | 12/31/13 | | | Level 1 | | 12/31/12 | | Level 1 | |
Available for Sale Securities | | $ | 16,448 | | | $ | 16,448 | | $ | - | | $ | - | |
Reclassification, Policy [Policy Text Block] | ' |
Reclassifications |
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Certain items in the financial statements have been reclassified to maintain consistency and comparability for all |
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periods presented herein. The company has determined that Delay Rentals expenses are more fairly broken out of Lease Operating Expenses. The reclassification is reflected in all years presented. |
New Accounting Pronouncements, Policy [Policy Text Block] | ' |
Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements |
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The Company has reviewed the updates issued by the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) during the year ended December 31, 2013, and have determined that the updates are not applicable to the Company |