The Company recognizes tax benefits of uncertain tax positions in accordance with FASB Interpretation No. 48, “Accounting for Uncertainty in Income Taxes” (“FIN 48”). The Company does not currently anticipate a material change to its unrecognized tax benefits within twelve months of November 30, 2008; however, actual developments can change these expectations, including settlement of audits.
The Corporation, including its domestic subsidiaries, files a consolidated U.S. income tax return, and also files tax returns in various states and other local jurisdictions. Also, certain subsidiaries of the Corporation file income tax returns in foreign jurisdictions. The Company is routinely audited by various tax authorities. The Company believes it is no longer subject to an income tax assessment by the United States Internal Revenue Service (“IRS”) for the years ended on or before May 31, 2003 due to the expiration of the statute of limitations. The Company has been selected for audit by the IRS for its fiscal years ended May 2004, 2005 and 2006. The Company is also currently under audit by both New York State and New York City for its fiscal years ended May 2002, 2003 and 2004. It is possible that federal, state and foreign tax examinations will be settled during the next twelve months. If any of these tax examinations are concluded within that period, the Company will make any necessary adjustments to its unrecognized tax benefits.
On October 10, 2008, the Company agreed to purchase 100,000 shares of Common Stock from Richard Robinson, Chairman of the Board, President and Chief Executive Officer of the Company, at a price of $20.59 per share, or an aggregate purchase price of $2.1, pursuant to the Company’s previously announced stock repurchase program which had been approved by the Board in May 2008. The purchase price was determined with reference to the last transaction price reported on Nasdaq immediately prior to the purchase. The closing price of the Common Stock on Nasdaq on October 10, 2008 was $23.11 per share. The shares became available for sale due to Mr. Robinson, as a result of current market conditions, being required to sell the shares in order to protect the collateral value underlying a personal loan with a bank secured by the shares.
On December 18, 2008, the Company announced that the Board had declared a quarterly dividend of $0.075 per share to be paid on March 16, 2009 to shareholders of record of the Corporation’s Common Stock and Class A Stock on January 30, 2009.
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SCHOLASTIC CORPORATION |
Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations(“MD&A”) |
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Overview and Outlook
The Company sold its U.S. direct-to-home continuities business (“DTH Business”) in August 2008 and expects to complete the divestiture of its Canadian and U.K. direct-to-home continuities businesses (“DTH International) in the current fiscal year. In addition, the Company shut down its school-based continuities business effective May 31, 2008 and operations in Argentina (“Argentina”), its door-to-door sales operation in Puerto Rico (“Caribe”) and its Coach magazine business (“Coach”) effective November 30, 2008. The Company views the foregoing actions to be consistent with its plan to improve short-term profitability.
Earnings from continuing operations, net of tax, for the quarter ended November 30, 2008 was $58.4 million compared to earnings from continuing operations, net of tax, of $82.3 million in the quarter ended November 30, 2007. Earnings from continuing operations in the current fiscal quarter were lower primarily due to $10.9 million of one-time expenses before taxes associated with the Company’s cost reduction plans as well as an unfavorable foreign exchange impact of $6.7 million before taxes. In addition, higher royalty expense and higher bad debt expense in domestic and international trade publishing operations, totaling $6.3 million before taxes, negatively impacted earnings from continuing operations. Loss from discontinued operations, net of tax, for the quarter ended November 30, 2008 was $15.3 million, compared to a loss of $6.7 million for the quarter ended November 30, 2007.
The Corporation paid its first dividend on September 15, 2008, under its previously announced dividend program established to return value to investors, and has declared quarterly cash dividends for the second and third fiscal quarters of fiscal 2009. Additionally, the Corporation continues to repurchase shares of its Common Stock from time to time under current programs approved by its Board of Directors.
During the second quarter, the Company maintained a strong balance sheet and free cash flow with modest levels of debt and access to over $280.0 million in additional liquidity. Additionally, in the face of cut backs in consumer and educational spending, the Company essentially sustained sales levels in the current quarter compared to the same period in the prior fiscal year in its coreChildren’s Book Publishing and Distribution businesses and educational technology businesses; reduced costs significantly; and maintained a strong balance sheet and financial position. Strong support from its domestic customers was demonstrated by increased orders and unit volumes for school-based book clubs and higher revenue per fair for school-based book fairs, partially offset by fairs being moved to December 2008 as a result of the comparatively late Thanksgiving holiday resulting in fewer fairs held than in November 2007, and a strong list of best sellers sold through trade publishing channels. In its education technology businesses, in addition to sustaining sales levels for the current quarter compared to the same quarter in the prior year, the Company experienced strong presales ofSystem 44,the prequel to the Company’s successfulRead 180 platform.System 44 began shipping in December, and therefore did not impact the quarter ended November 30, 2008, but is expected to positively impact the Company’s results prospectively.
During the second quarter, the Company also made significant progress by achieving the top end of its current costs savings goal, eliminating approximately $35 million in annualized expenses, including approximately $25 million in salary costs. The Company plans to further increase profitability by reducing spending in the second half of the fiscal year by approximately $20 million by eliminating management bonuses, reducing all categories of discretionary spending and taking steps to make core businesses more efficient. It also intends to continue to review existing unprofitable businesses to determine whether the Company should exit such businesses.
At November 30, 2008, the total market value of the Company’s outstanding Common and Class A shares was less than the carrying value of the Company’s net assets. While the Company remains profitable, and current results are comparable to historical results, the Company anticipates lower earnings for the current fiscal year than previously forecasted. Accordingly, the Company has evaluated these circumstances with regard to the carrying value of goodwill, investments in joint ventures, intangible assets, fixed assets, and other long-lived assets included in the Company’s Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet as of November 30, 2008. The Company has concluded that there were no impairments of long-lived assets included in continuing operations for the three and six month periods ended November 30, 2008. The Company remains fundamentally sound, with significant available liquidity and capital resources, and believes that the long term prospects of its businesses remain unchanged. The recent decline in the market value of the Company’s outstanding Common and Class A shares is not indicative of the Company’s expected long-term cash flows, and is a function of the current condition of the capital markets. Accordingly, the Company does not believe that the recent decline in share price is reflective of declines in its businesses. However, the Company will continue to monitor its asset base for indicators of impairment, and if recent financial market conditions persist, it is possible that certain assets may become impaired.
Results of Continuing Operations
Revenues for the quarter ended November 30, 2008 decreased by $26.0 million, or 3.8%, to $661.6 million, compared to $687.6 million in the prior fiscal year quarter. This decrease related principally to lower revenues in theInternational, Educational Publishingand theChildren’s Book Publishing and Distribution segments of $20.4 million, $7.4 million and $5.1 million, respectively.Internationalsegment revenue reflected the $21.5 million impact of foreign exchange on the translation of foreign currency denominated revenues to US dollars. For the six months ended November 30, 2008, revenues decreased $272.2 million, or 22.4%, to $944.4 million compared to the prior fiscal year period, primarily due to lower revenues from theChildren’s Book Publishing and Distribution segment, which in the prior year benefited from the July 2007 release ofHarry Potter and the Deathly Hallows.
Cost of goods sold as a percentage of revenue for the quarter ended November 30, 2008 increased to 43.0%, compared to 42.4% in the prior fiscal year quarter, primarily due to increased reserves on royalty advances. For the six months ended November 30, 2008, cost of goods sold decreased to $432.7 million, or 45.8% of revenues, compared to $589.5 million, or 48.5% of revenues, in the prior fiscal year period, primarily due to higher costs related to theHarry Potter release in the prior fiscal year period.
Selling, general and administrative expenses (“SG&A”), combined with severance expenses, increased $8.1 million to $246.4 million, or 37.2% of revenues, for the quarter ended November 30, 2008, compared to $238.3 million, or 34.7% of revenues, in the prior fiscal year quarter. This increase was due to severance costs associated with cost reduction plans and costs incurred due to the accelerated vesting of restricted stock units for employees eligible for retirement totaling $10.9 million. For the six months ended November 30, 2008, SG&A combined with severance expenses, as a percentage of revenues increased to 45.2% from 35.8% in the prior fiscal year period, primarily due to the prior year benefit ofHarry Potter revenues without a corresponding increase in expense.
Bad debt expense increased to $7.4 million, or 1.1% of revenues, for the quarter ended November 30, 2008, compared to $3.5 million, or 0.5% of revenues, in the prior fiscal year quarter. For the six months ended November 30, 2008, bad debt expense increased to $8.7 million, or 0.9% of revenues, from $5.3 million, or 0.4% of revenues, in the prior fiscal year period. These increases were primarily due to increased bad debt reserves in theChildren’sBook Publishing and Distribution andInternational segments.
The resulting operating income for the quarter ended November 30, 2008 decreased by $31.1 million, or 22.4%, to $107.8 million, compared to $138.9 million in the prior fiscal year quarter, primarily due to higher severance and one-time expenses associated with the Company’s cost reduction plans and unfavorable foreign exchange rates. For the six months ended November 30, 2008, operating income decreased to $43.9 million, compared to $155.0 million in the prior year, primarily due to lower Harry Potter revenues and profits.
Net interest expense decreased $2.7 million to $7.0 million in the quarter ended November 30, 2008, compared to $9.7 million in the prior fiscal year quarter. For the six months ended November 30, 2008, net interest expense decreased by $5.5 million to $12.9 million as compared to $18.4 million in the prior fiscal year period, driven by lower borrowing levels.
The Company’s provision for income taxes with respect to continuing operations resulted in an effective tax rate of 42.1% and 36.3% for the quarters ended November 30, 2008 and November 30, 2007, respectively. Effective tax rates for the six months ended November 30, 2008 and November 30, 2007 were 52.6% and 36.8%, respectively. The effective tax rates for the current period exceed the prior period effective tax rates primarily due to losses in certain foreign subsidiaries for which the Company does not expect to realize correlative income tax benefits, and reduced domestic tax deductions caused by lower taxable income.
Earnings from continuing operations was $58.4 million, or $1.55 per diluted share, for the quarter ended November 30, 2008, compared to earnings from continuing operations of $82.3 million, or $2.10 per diluted share, in the prior fiscal year quarter. For the six months ended November 30, 2008, earnings from continuing operations was $14.7 million, or $0.39 per diluted share, compared to $86.3 million, or $2.17 per diluted share, in the prior fiscal year period.
Loss from discontinued operations, net of tax, was $15.3 million, or $0.40 per diluted share, for the quarter ended November 30, 2008, compared to $6.7 million, or $0.17 per diluted share, in the prior fiscal year quarter. For the six months ended November 30, 2008, loss from discontinued operations, net of tax, was $20.7 million, or $0.55 per diluted share, compared to $13.5 million, or $0.34 per diluted share, in the prior fiscal year period.
Net income was $43.1 million, or $1.15 per diluted share, for the quarter ended November 30, 2008, compared to $75.6 million, or $1.93 per diluted share, in the prior fiscal year quarter. For the six months ended November 30, 2008, net loss was $6.0 million, or $0.16 per diluted share, compared to net income of $72.8 million, or $1.83 per diluted share, in the prior fiscal year period, as the prior fiscal year benefited from the successful release ofHarry Potter and the Deathly Hallows.
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SCHOLASTIC CORPORATION |
Item 2. MD&A |
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Results of Continuing Operations - Segments
Children’s Book Publishing and Distribution
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($ amounts in millions) | | Three months ended November 30, | | Six months ended November 30, | |
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Revenues | | $ | 381.8 | | $ | 386.9 | | $ | 442.8 | | $ | 683.7 | |
Operating income | | | 99.2 | | | 108.8 | | | 43.3 | | | 121.4 | |
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Operating margin | | | 26.0 | % | | 28.1 | % | | 9.8 | % | | 17.8 | % |
Revenues in theChildren’s Book Publishing and Distribution segment for the quarter ended November 30, 2008 decreased by $5.1 million, or 1.3%, to $381.8 million, compared to $386.9 million in the prior fiscal year quarter. This decline was due to a decrease in revenues in the Company’s trade business related to lower Harry Potter and Klutz revenues in the current period. Revenues for the six months ended November 30, 2008 decreased by $240.9 million to $442.8 million, compared to $683.7 million in the prior fiscal year period. This decrease was due to the unprecedented success ofHarry Potter and the Deathly Hallows, the seventh and final book in the series, in the prior year, which included approximately $250 million of Harry Potter revenues.
Segment operating income for the quarter ended November 30, 2008 decreased by $9.6 million, or 8.8%, to $99.2 million, compared to $108.8 million in the prior fiscal year quarter, principally due to increased promotional costs in school book clubs and lower revenues and an increase in bad debt reserves, due to credit concerns regarding a large retailer, and royalty expense in the Company’s trade business. Segment operating income for the six months ended November 30, 2008 declined by $78.1 million to $43.3 million, compared to $121.4 million in the prior fiscal year period, primarily due to lower operating results in the Company’s trade business resulting from lower Harry Potter revenues.
Educational Publishing
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($ amounts in millions) | | Three months ended November 30, | | Six months ended November 30, | |
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Revenues | | $ | 92.2 | | $ | 99.6 | | $ | 208.6 | | $ | 227.4 | |
Operating income | | | 13.2 | | | 12.4 | | | 34.2 | | | 42.9 | |
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Operating margin | | | 14.3 | % | | 12.4 | % | | 16.4 | % | | 18.9 | % |
Revenues in theEducational Publishingsegment for the quarter ended November 30, 2008 decreased by $7.4 million, or 7.4%, to $92.2 million, compared to $99.6 million in the prior fiscal year quarter. This decrease partially reflected the earlier timing of certain classroom book revenue in the first quarter of the current fiscal year rather than in the second quarter. Revenues from teaching resources materials also declined. Segment revenues for the six months ended November 30, 2008 decreased by $18.8 million, or 8.3%, to $208.6 million, compared to $227.4 million in the prior fiscal year period. This decrease was principally driven by lower revenues from sales of technology products, primarily due to lower sales of READ180in the first quarter, and a large sale in the prior year period.
Segment operating income for the quarter ended November 30, 2008 increased to $13.2 million, as compared to $12.4 million in the prior fiscal year quarter, principally driven by lower selling expenses, more than offsetting the impact of lower revenues in the current fiscal year quarter. Segment operating income for the six months ended November 30, 2008 decreased by $8.7 million, or 20.3%, to $34.2 million, compared to $42.9 million in the prior fiscal year period. This decrease is primarily due to lower revenues partially offset by lower selling expenses.
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SCHOLASTIC CORPORATION |
Item 2. MD&A |
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Media, Licensing and Advertising
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($ amounts in millions) | | Three months ended November 30, | | Six months ended November 30, | |
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Revenues | | $ | 63.2 | | $ | 56.3 | | $ | 82.4 | | $ | 72.4 | |
Operating income | | | 10.5 | | | 10.4 | | | 6.2 | | | 5.1 | |
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Operating margin | | | 16.6 | % | | 18.5 | % | | 7.5 | % | | 7.0 | % |
Revenues in the Media, Licensing and Advertising segment for the quarter ended November 30, 2008 increased by $6.9 million, or 12.3%, to $63.2 million, compared to $56.3 million in the prior fiscal year quarter, primarily due to increased sales of software and interactive products and increased advertising revenue in the custom publishing business. Segment revenues for the six months ended November 30, 2008 increased by $10.0 million, or 13.8%, to $82.4 million, compared to $72.4 million in the prior fiscal year period, primarily due to higher revenues from sales of software and interactive products, as well as higher advertising revenue in the custom publishing business.
Segment operating income for the quarter ended November 30, 2008 increased slightly to $10.5 million, compared to $10.4 million in the prior fiscal year quarter. Segment operating income for the six months ended November 30, 2008 increased by $1.1 million, or 21.6%, to $6.2 million, compared to $5.1 million in the prior fiscal year period, primarily due to the higher revenues.
International
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($ amounts in millions) | | Three months ended November 30, | | Six months ended November 30, | |
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Revenues | | $ | 124.4 | | $ | 144.8 | | $ | 210.6 | | $ | 233.1 | |
Operating income | | | 14.0 | | | 25.1 | | | 10.5 | | | 24.0 | |
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Operating margin | | | 11.3 | % | | 17.3 | % | | 5.0 | % | | 10.3 | % |
Revenues in the Internationalsegment for the quarter ended November 30, 2008 decreased by $20.4 million, or 14.1%, to $124.4 million, compared to $144.8 million in the prior fiscal year quarter, due to the unfavorable impact of foreign currency exchange rates of $21.5 million. Segment revenues for the six months ended November 30, 2008 decreased by $22.5 million, or 9.7%, to $210.6 million, compared to $233.1 million in the prior fiscal year period, primarily due to the unfavorable impact of foreign currency exchange rates of $18.6 million.
Segment operating income for the quarter ended November 30, 2008 decreased by $11.1 million, or 44.2% to $14.0 million, compared to $25.1 million in the prior fiscal year quarter, primarily due to the unfavorable impact of foreign currency exchange rates of $6.7 million and lower operating income in the United Kingdom of $4.9 million, partially offset by higher operating income in the Company’s export business of $2.3 million. Segment operating income for the six months ended November 30, 2008 decreased by $13.5 million, or 56.3%, to $10.5 million, compared to $24.0 million in the prior fiscal year period. This decrease was primarily due to the unfavorable impact of foreign currency exchange rates of $6.2 million and lower operating income in the United Kingdom of $4.2 million, which benefited from the prior year release of The Golden Compass.
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SCHOLASTIC CORPORATION |
Item 2. MD&A |
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Results of Discontinued Operations
As previously announced, the Company sold its DTH business in August 2008, has shut down its SC business effective May 31, 2008 and intends to sell its Maumelle facility. Additionally, the Company intends to complete the divestiture of DTH International in 2009. In the three months ended November 30, 2008, the Company exited certain unprofitable, non-core businesses including Argentina, Caribe and Coach. The results of operations associated with these businesses are presented as discontinued operations for accounting purposes in the fiscal 2009 and prior year periods. The Company’s DTH and SC businesses were formerly included in theChildren’s Book Publishing and Distribution segment; the DTH international business, Caribe and Argentina were formerly included in theInternational segment; and Coach was formerly included in theMedia, Licensing and Advertising segment. The Company’s Maumelle facility, which is included in discontinued operations, was formerly included in Overhead. During the three months ended November 30, 2008, the Company recognized impairment and other charges related to discontinued operations, net of tax, of $8.4 million.
Loss from discontinued operations, net of tax, was $15.3 million for the quarter ended November 30, 2008, compared to $6.7 million in the prior fiscal year quarter. Loss from discontinued operations, net of tax, was $20.7 million for the six months ended November 30, 2008, compared to $13.5 million in the prior fiscal year. The higher losses in the current year periods are primarily due to costs associated with the closure of Caribe, Argentina and Coach.
Seasonality
The Company’s school-based book clubs, school-based book fairs and most of its magazines operate on a school-year basis. Therefore, the Company’s business is highly seasonal. As a result, the Company’s revenues in the first and third quarters of the fiscal year generally are lower than its revenues in the other two fiscal quarters. Typically, school-based book club and book fair revenues are greatest in the second and fourth quarters of the fiscal year, while revenues from the sale of instructional materials and educational technology products are highest in the first and fourth quarters. The Company historically has experienced a loss from operations in the first and third quarters of each fiscal year.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
The Company’s cash and cash equivalents, including cash from discontinued operations, totaled $31.8 million at November 30, 2008, compared to $120.4 million at May 31, 2008 and $187.6 million at November 30, 2007.
Cash used in operating activities was $63.3 million for the six months ended November 30, 2008, compared to cash provided by operating activities of $218.8 million in the prior fiscal year period. The net decrease of $282.1 million consists primarily of the timing of royalty payments accrued in the prior year as well as accounts payable and other accrued expenses of $156.7 million, lower net income from continuing operations of $78.8 million and $30.4 million related to accelerated inventory purchases in the current fiscal year period.
Cash used in investing activities remained relatively flat at $43.0 million for the six months ended November 30, 2008, as proceeds from the sale of the DTH business offset higher capital spending.
Cash provided by financing activities was $19.4 million for the six months ended November 30, 2008, compared to $1.4 million for the prior fiscal year period, representing an $18.0 million increase year over year. The change is primarily due to a higher cash outflow of $179.9 million from the amount of funds expended for repurchase of Common Stock in the prior period and higher net borrowings on lines of credit of $46.4 million in the prior year period, partially offset by reduced net borrowings on the Loan Agreement of $176.4 million versus the prior year and lower proceeds from the exercise of employee stock options of $28.8 million.
Due to the seasonal nature of its business as discussed under “Seasonality” above, the Company usually experiences negative cash flows in the June through October time period. As a result of the Company’s business cycle, borrowings have historically increased during June, July and August, have generally peaked in September or October, and have been at their lowest point in May. In the current fiscal year, borrowings peaked in October 2008, and are expected to decline in the second half of the fiscal year. The Company expects to realize the benefit of deferred tax assets related to the DTH business divestiture in the current fiscal year. Accordingly, net tax payments will be lower than historical levels in the current fiscal year.
The Company’s operating philosophy is to use cash provided from operating activities to create value by paying down debt, reinvesting in existing businesses and, from time to time, to making acquisitions that will complement its portfolio of businesses, as well as to engage in shareholder enhancement initiatives, such as share repurchases or dividend declarations. The Company believes that funds generated by its operations and funds available under its current credit facilities will be sufficient to finance its short-and long-term capital requirements for the foreseeable future.
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SCHOLASTIC CORPORATION |
Item 2. MD&A |
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In the current fiscal year, the Company expects higher uses of cash than in previous years for severance payments, pension funding and dividends while continuing modest discretionary common share repurchases. Despite the current economic conditions and the aforementioned uses of cash expected in the current fiscal year, the Company has maintained, and expects to maintain for the foreseeable future, sufficient liquidity to fund ongoing operations (including severance payments and pension contributions), dividends, authorized common share repurchases, debt service, planned capital expenditures and other investments. As of November 30, 2008, the Company’s primary sources of liquidity consisted of cash and cash equivalents of $31.8 million, cash from operations, and borrowings remaining available under the Revolving Loan (as described under “Financing” below) totaling $280.0 million. Approximately 54% of the Company’s outstanding debt is not due until fiscal year 2013, and the remaining 46% is spread ratably over each preceding period. The Company may at any time, but in any event not more than once in any calendar year, request that the aggregate availability of credit under the Revolving Loan be increased by an amount of $10.0 million or an integral multiple of $10.0 million (but not to exceed $150.0 million). Accordingly, the Company believes these sources of liquidity are sufficient to finance its ongoing operating needs, and its financing and investing activities.
As of November 30, 2008, the Company was rated BB by Standard & Poor’s Rating Services and Ba1 by Moody’s Investors Service. If current economic trends cause the Company’s results from operations to decline, combined with the aforementioned uses of cash expected in the current fiscal year, it is possible that the Company’s credit rating could be reduced. In the event the Company’s credit rating is reduced, the Company believes that existing committed credit lines and other sources of cash will be sufficient to meet the Company’s liquidity needs for the near term, as the Company is currently compliant with its debt covenants and expects to remain compliant for the foreseeable future. The Company’s interest rates for the Loan Agreement are associated with certain leverage ratios, and, accordingly, a change in the Company’s credit rating does not necessarily result in an increase in interest costs.
Financing
On June 1, 2007, Scholastic Corporation and Scholastic Inc. (each, a “Borrower” and together, the “Borrowers”) elected to replace the Company’s then-existing credit facilities with a new $525.0 million credit facility with certain banks (the “Loan Agreement”), consisting of a $325.0 million revolving credit component (the “Revolving Loan”) and a $200.0 million amortizing term loan component (the “Term Loan”). The Loan Agreement is a contractually committed unsecured credit facility that is scheduled to expire on June 1, 2012. The $325.0 million Revolving Loan component allows the Company to borrow, repay or prepay and reborrow at any time prior to the stated maturity date, and the proceeds may be used for general corporate purposes, including financing for acquisitions and share repurchases. The Loan Agreement also provides for an increase in the aggregate Revolving Loan commitments of the lenders of up to an additional $150.0 million. The $200.0 million Term Loan component was established in order to fund the reacquisition by the Corporation of shares of its Common Stock pursuant to an Accelerated Share Repurchase Agreement and was fully drawn on June 28, 2007 in connection with that transaction. The Term Loan, which may be prepaid at any time without penalty, requires quarterly principal payments of $10.7 million, with the first payment made on December 31, 2007, and a final payment of $7.4 million due on June 1, 2012. Interest on both the Term Loan and Revolving Loan is due and payable in arrears on the last day of the interest period (defined as the period commencing on the date of the advance and ending on the last day of the period selected by the Borrower at the time each advance is made). At the election of the Borrower, the interest rate charged for each loan made under the Loan Agreement is based on (1) a rate equal to the higher of (a) the prime rate or (b) the prevailing Federal Funds rate plus 0.500% or (2) an adjusted LIBOR rate plus an applicable margin, ranging from 0.500% to 1.250% based on the Company’s prevailing consolidated debt to total capital ratio. As of November 30, 2008, the applicable margin on the Term Loan was 0.875% and the applicable margin on the Revolving Loan was 0.700%. The Loan Agreement also provides for the payment of a facility fee ranging from 0.125% to 0.250% per annum on the Revolving Loan only, which at November 30, 2008 was 0.175%. As of November 30, 2008, the term loan had an outstanding balance of $157.2 million at an interest rate of 4.7%.; at May 31, 3008 the Term Loan had an outstanding balance of $178.6 million at an interest rate of 3.8%; and at November 30, 2007, the Term Loan had an outstanding balance of $200.0 million at an interest rate of 5.9%. The Revolving Loan had an outstanding balance of $45.0 million as of November 30, 2008 at an interest rate of 2.1%. There were no outstanding borrowings under the Revolving Loan as of May 31, 2008 and November 30, 2007. Interest rates on the Revolving Loan were significantly lower than the interest rates on the Term Loan due to the timing of interest resets on the loans. The Loan Agreement contains certain covenants, including interest coverage and leverage ratio tests and certain limitations on the amount of dividends and other distributions, and at November 30, 2008 the Company was in compliance with these covenants.
During the fourth quarter of fiscal 2008, the Company renewed unsecured money market bid rate credit lines totaling $50.0 million that were originally entered into during the fourth quarter of fiscal 2007. Currently, the Company’s credit line under this facility is $45.0 million. There were no outstanding borrowings under these credit lines at November 30, 2008, May 31, 2008 and November 30, 2007. All loans made under these credit lines are at the sole discretion of the lender and at an interest rate and term, not to exceed 364 days, agreed to at the time each loan is made. These credit lines are typically available for loans up to 364 days and may be renewed, if requested by the Company, at the sole option of the lender.
As of November 30, 2008, the Company had various local currency credit lines, with maximum available borrowings in amounts equivalent to $65.2 million, underwritten by banks primarily in the United States, Canada and the United Kingdom. These credit lines are typically available for overdraft borrowings or loans up to 364 days and may be renewed, if requested by the Company, at the sole option of the lender. There were borrowings outstanding under these facilities equivalent to $27.4 million at November 30, 2008 at a weighted average interest rate of 4.5%, compared to the equivalent of $11.8 million at May 31, 2008 at a weighted average interest rate of 6.4% and to the equivalent of $40.5 million at November 30, 2007 at a weighted average interest rate of 7.0%. In December 2008, the Company recapitalized its United Kingdom operations via a cash contribution from the Company’s domestic operations, due to the cancellation of the local currency credit line in the United Kingdom.
At November 30, 2008, the Company had open standby letters of credit of $8.1 million issued under certain credit lines, as compared to $8.4 million as of May 31, 2008 and November 30, 2007. These letters of credit are scheduled to expire within one year; however, the Company expects that substantially all of these letters of credit will be renewed, at similar terms, prior to expiration.
The Company’s total debt obligations were $389.0 million at November 30, 2008, $349.7 million at May 31, 2008 and $414.1 million at November 30, 2007. The higher level of debt at November 30, 2008 as compared to May 31, 2008 was primarily due to higher borrowings against the Revolving Loan and higher borrowings by the foreign subsidiaries. The lower level of debt at November 30, 2008 compared to the levels at November 30, 2007 was due to the repayments made on the Term Loan and the repurchase in fiscal 2008 of the Company’s 5% Notes due 2013 on the open market as well as lower borrowings by the foreign subsidiaries. This was partially offset by higher borrowings against the Revolving Loan.
For a more complete description of the Company’s debt obligations, see Note 5 of Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements – Unaudited in Item 1, “Financial Statements.”
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SCHOLASTIC CORPORATION |
Item 2. MD&A |
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New Accounting Pronouncements
In December 2007, the FASB issued SFAS No. 141 (revised), “Business Combinations” (“SFAS 141R”). SFAS 141R establishes principles and requirements for how an acquiror accounts for business combinations. SFAS 141R includes guidance for the recognition and measurement of the identifiable assets acquired, the liabilities assumed, and any noncontrolling or minority interest in the acquiree. It also provides guidance for the measurement of goodwill, the recognition of contingent consideration, the accounting for pre-acquisition gain and loss contingencies and acquisition-related transaction costs, and the recognition of changes in the acquiror’s income tax valuation allowance. SFAS 141R applies prospectively and is effective for business combinations made by the Company beginning June 1, 2009.
In December 2007, the FASB issued SFAS No. 160, “Noncontrolling Interests in Consolidated Financial Statements, an amendment of ARB No. 51” (“SFAS 160”). SFAS 160 amends Accounting Research Bulletin No. 51, “Consolidated Financial Statements,” to establish accounting and reporting standards for any noncontrolling interest in a subsidiary and for the deconsolidation of a subsidiary. SFAS 160 clarifies that a noncontrolling interest in a subsidiary should be reported as a component of equity in the consolidated financial statements and requires disclosure, on the face of the consolidated statement of operations, of the amounts of consolidated net income attributable to the parent and to the noncontrolled interest. SFAS 160 is effective for the Company beginning June 1, 2009 and is to be applied prospectively, except for the presentation and disclosure requirements, which upon adoption will be applied retrospectively for all periods presented. The Company is currently evaluating the impact, if any, that SFAS 160 will have on its consolidated financial position, results of operations and cash flows.
In April 2008, the FASB issued FSP No. FAS 142-3, “Determination of the Useful Life of Intangible Assets” (“FAS 142-3”). FAS 142-3 amends the factors that should be considered in developing renewal or extension assumptions used to determine the useful life of a recognized intangible asset under FASB Statement No. 142, “Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets.” FAS 142-3 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2008 and early adoption is prohibited. The Company is currently evaluating the impact, if any, that FAS 142-3 will have on its consolidated financial position, results of operations and cash flows.
In June 2008, the FASB issued FSP No. EITF 03-6-1, “Determining Whether Instruments Granted in Share-Based Payment Transactions Are Participating Securities” (“FSP 03-6-1”), which classifies unvested share-based payment awards that contain nonforfeitable rights to dividends or dividend equivalents as participating securities and requires them to be included in the computation of earnings per share pursuant to the two-class method described in SFAS No. 128, “Earnings per Share.” FSP 03-6-1 is effective for financial statements issued for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2008, and interim periods within those years. It requires all prior period earnings per share data presented to be adjusted retrospectively. The Company is currently evaluating the effect, if any, that the adoption of FSP 03-6-1 will have on its consolidated financial position, results of operations and cash flows.
In September 2008, the FASB issued FSP No. 133-1 and FIN 45-4, “Disclosures about Credit Derivatives and Certain Guarantees: An Amendment of FASB Statement No. 133 and FASB Interpretation No. 45; and Clarification of the Effective Date of FASB Statement No. 161” (“FSP 133-1”). FSP 133-1 requires more extensive disclosure regarding potential adverse effects of changes in credit risk on the financial position, financial performance, and cash flows of sellers of credit derivatives. FSP 133-1 also amends FASB Interpretation No. 45, “Guarantor’s Accounting and Disclosure Requirements for Guarantees, Including Indirect Guarantees of Indebtedness to Others,” to require additional disclosure about the current status of the payment or performance risk of a guarantee. FSP 133-1 also clarifies the effective date of FASB Statement No. 161, “Disclosures about Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities,” by stating that the disclosures required should be provided for any reporting period (annual or quarterly interim) beginning after November 15, 2008. The Company is currently evaluating the effect, if any, that the adoption of FSP 133-1 will have on its consolidated financial position, results of operations and cash flows.
Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements
In September 2006, the FASB issued SFAS No. 157, “Fair Value Measurements” (“SFAS 157”). SFAS 157 defines fair value, establishes a framework for measuring fair value under generally accepted accounting principles, and expands disclosures about fair value measurements. SFAS 157 emphasizes that fair value is a market-based measurement, not an entity-specific measurement, and states that a fair value measurement should be determined based on the assumptions that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability. In February 2008, the FASB issued FASB Staff Position (“FSP”) No. FAS 157-1, “Application of FASB Statement No. 157 to FASB Statement No. 13 and Other Accounting Pronouncements That Address Fair Value Measurements for Purposes of Lease Classification or Measurement under Statement 13” and FSP No. FAS 157-2, “Effective Date of FASB Statement No. 157.” Collectively, these Staff Positions allow a one-year deferral of adoption of SFAS 157 for nonfinancial assets and liabilities that are recognized or disclosed at fair value in the financial statements on a non-recurring basis and amend SFAS 157 to exclude FASB Statement No. 13 and its related interpretive accounting pronouncements that address leasing transactions.
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SCHOLASTIC CORPORATION |
Item 2. MD&A |
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The Company adopted SFAS 157 beginning June 1, 2008, except for nonfinancial assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis, which will be effective for the Company June 1, 2009. The impact of the adoption on June 1, 2008 was not material to the Company’s condensed consolidated financial statements. The Company is currently evaluating the impact that the adoption of the deferred portion of SFAS 157 will have on its consolidated financial position, results of operations and cash flows.
SFAS 157 establishes a three-level hierarchy for fair value measurements to prioritize the inputs used in the valuation techniques to derive fair values. The basis for fair value measurements for each level within the hierarchy is described below with Level 1 having the highest priority and Level 3 having the lowest.
Level 1: Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.
Level 2: Quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets; quoted prices for identical or similar instruments in markets that are not active; and model-derived valuations in which all significant inputs are observable in active markets.
Level 3: Valuations derived from valuation techniques in which one or more significant inputs are unobservable.
The Company’s assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis subject to the presentation requirements of SFAS 157 at November 30, 2008 consisted of cash and cash equivalents and foreign currency forward contracts, neither of which were material as of the reporting date. Cash and cash equivalents are comprised of bank deposits and short-term investments, such as money market funds, the fair value of which is based on quoted market prices, a Level 1 fair value measure. The fair values of foreign currency forward contracts, used by the Company to manage foreign exchange impact to the financial statements, are based on quotations from financial institutions, a Level 2 fair value measure.
In February 2007, the FASB issued SFAS No. 159, “The Fair Value Option for Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities” (“SFAS 159”), to provide companies with an option to report selected financial assets and liabilities at fair value. The objective of SFAS 159 is to reduce both the complexity in accounting for financial instruments and the volatility in earnings caused by measuring related assets and liabilities differently. SFAS 159 was effective for the Company beginning June 1, 2008. The Company has not elected to measure any financial assets and financial liabilities at fair value which were not previously required to be measured at fair value. Therefore, the adoption of this standard has had no impact on the Company’s consolidated financial position, results of operations and cash flows.
Since the date of the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended May 31, 2008 (the “Annual Report”), there have been no material changes to the Company’s critical accounting policies and estimates.
Forward Looking Statements
This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q contains forward-looking statements. These forward-looking statements are subject to various risks and uncertainties, including the conditions of the children’s book and educational materials markets and acceptance of the Company’s products within those markets, and other risks and factors identified in this Report, in the Annual Report and from time to time in the Company’s other filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”). Actual results could differ materially from those currently anticipated.
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SCHOLASTIC CORPORATION |
Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk |
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The Company conducts its business in various foreign countries, and as such, its cash flows and earnings are subject to fluctuations from changes in foreign currency exchange rates. Management believes that the impact of currency fluctuations does not represent a significant risk to the Company given the size and scope of its current international operations. The Company manages its exposures to this market risk through internally established procedures and, when deemed appropriate, through the use of short-term forward exchange contracts. All foreign exchange hedging transactions are supported by an identifiable commitment or a forecasted transaction. The Company does not enter into derivative transactions or use other financial instruments for trading or speculative purposes.
Market risks relating to the Company’s operations result primarily from changes in interest rates, which are managed through the mix of variable-rate versus fixed-rate borrowings. Additionally, financial instruments, including swap agreements, have been used to manage interest rate exposures. Approximately 59% of the Company’s debt at November 30, 2008 bore interest at a variable rate and was sensitive to changes in interest rates, compared to approximately 55% at May 31, 2008 and approximately 58% at November 30, 2007. The increase in variable-rate debt as of November 30, 2008 compared to May 31, 2008 was primarily due to higher borrowings against the Revolving Loan and higher borrowings by the foreign subsidiaries. The Company is subject to the risk that market interest rates and its cost of borrowing will increase and thereby increase the interest charged under its variable-rate debt.
Additional information relating to the Company’s outstanding financial instruments is included in Item 2, “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.”
The following table sets forth information about the Company’s debt instruments as of November 30, 2008 (see Note 5 of Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements - Unaudited in Item 1, “Financial Statements”):
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($ amounts in millions) | | Fiscal Year Maturity | |
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Debt Obligations | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Lines of credit | | $ | 27.4 | | $ | — | | $ | — | | $ | — | | $ | — | | $ | — | | $ | 27.4 | |
Average interest rate | | | 4.5 | % | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
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Long-term debt including current portion: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Fixed-rate debt | | $ | — | | $ | — | | $ | — | | | — | | $ | 160.5 | | $ | — | | $ | 160.5 | |
Interest rate | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 5.0 | % | | | | | | |
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Variable-rate debt | | $ | 21.4 | | $ | 42.8 | | $ | 42.8 | | $ | 42.8 | | $ | 52.4 | (1) | $ | — | | $ | 202.2 | |
Interest rate(2) | | | 4.65 | % | | 4.65 | % | | 4.65 | % | | 4.65 | % | | 2.5 | % | | | | | | |
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(1) | Includes the final payment of $7.4 million under the Term Loan, which has a final maturity of June 1, 2012 but may be repaid at any time. |
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(2) | For periods through 2012, the rate represents the interest rate under the Term Loan at November 30, 2008; the interest rate is subject to change over the life of the Term Loan. For 2013, the rate represents the weighted average interest rate on the $7.4 million Term Loan and the $45 million Revolving Loan at November 30, 2008; this interest rate is subject to change over the life of such loans. |
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SCHOLASTIC CORPORATION |
Item 4. Controls and Procedures |
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The Chief Executive Officer and the Chief Financial Officer of the Corporation, after conducting an evaluation, together with other members of the Company’s management, of the effectiveness of the design and operation of the Corporation’s disclosure controls and procedures as of November 30, 2008, have concluded that the Corporation’s disclosure controls and procedures were effective to ensure that information required to be disclosed by the Corporation in its reports filed or submitted under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 is recorded, processed, summarized, and reported within the time periods specified in the rules and forms of the SEC and accumulated and communicated to members of the Company’s management, including the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. There was no change in the Corporation’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the quarter ended November 30, 2008 that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the Corporation’s internal control over financial reporting.
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PART II – OTHER INFORMATION
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SCHOLASTIC CORPORATION |
Item 1. Legal Proceedings |
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As previously reported in the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the period ended August 31, 2007 and the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended May 31, 2008, the Company is party to certain actions filed by each of Alaska Laborers Employee Retirement Fund and Paul Baicu, which were consolidated on November 8, 2007. On September 26, 2008, the plaintiff sought leave of the Court to file a second amended class action complaint, in order to add allegations relating to the Company’s restatement announced in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K filed on July 30, 2008. The Court thereafter dismissed the Company’s pending motion to dismiss as moot. On October 20, 2008, the plaintiff filed the second amended complaint, and on October 31, 2008, the Company filed a motion to dismiss the second amended complaint, which remains pending. The second amended class action complaint continues to allege securities fraud relating to statements made by the Company concerning its operations and financial results between March 2005 and March 2006 and seeks unspecified compensatory damages. The Company continues to believe that the allegations in such complaint are without merit and is vigorously defending the lawsuit.
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PART II – OTHER INFORMATION
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SCHOLASTIC CORPORATION |
Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds |
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The following table provides information with respect to repurchases of shares of Common Stock by the Corporation during the six months ended November 30, 2008:
Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities
(Dollars in millions except per share amounts)
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Period | | Total number of shares purchased | | Average price paid per share | | Total number of shares purchased as part of publicly announced plans or programs | | Maximum number of shares (or approximate dollar value) that may yet be purchased under the plans or programs | |
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June 1, 2008 through June 30, 2008 | | 151,075 | | | | $ | 28.95 | | | 151,075 | | | | $ | 15.6 | (1) | |
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July 1, 2008 through July 31, 2008 | | 100,713 | | | | $ | 27.36 | | | 100,713 | | | | $ | 12.9 | (1) | |
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August 1, 2008 through August 31, 2008 | | 171,792 | | | | $ | 26.36 | | | 171,792 | | | | $ | 8.3 | (1) | |
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September 1, 2008 through September 30, 2008 | | 33,508 | | | | $ | 25.58 | | | 33,508 | | | | $ | 7.4 | (1) | |
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October 1, 2008 through October 31, 2008 | | 345,380 | | | | $ | 21.67 | | | 345,380 | | | | $ | 0 | (1) | |
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November 1, 2008 through November 30, 2008 | | 6,407 | | | | $ | 13.28 | | | 6,407 | | | | $ | 9.9 | (1) | |
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Total | | 808,875 | | | | $ | 24.83 | | | 808,875 | | | | $ | 9.9 | (1) | |
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(1) | On May 28, 2008, the Corporation announced that its Board of Directors had authorized a new program to purchase up to $20.0 million of Common Stock, from time to time as conditions allow, on the open market or through negotiated private transactions. On November 20, 2008, the Board of Directors authorized a further program to repurchase up to an additional $10.0 million of its Common Stock, which will be funded with available cash and pursuant to which the Corporation may purchase shares, from time to time as conditions allow, on the open market. |
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SCHOLASTIC CORPORATION |
Item 4. Submission of Matters to a Vote of Security Holders |
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The Annual Meeting of Stockholders of the Corporation was held on September 24, 2008 (the “Annual Meeting”). The following sets forth the results of the proposals presented at the Annual Meeting voted upon by the stockholders of the Corporation entitled to vote thereon:
Holders of the 1,656,200 outstanding shares of the Class A Stock (the “Class A Stockholders”) voted unanimously in favor of electing Richard Robinson, Ramon C. Cortines, John L. Davies, Andrew S. Hedden, Mae C. Jemison, Peter M. Mayer, Augustus K. Oliver and Richard M. Spaulding as directors to serve until the next annual meeting of the Corporation’s stockholders and until their respective successors are duly elected and qualified.
Holders of the Common Stock elected the following nominees as directors to serve until the next annual meeting of the Corporation’s stockholders and until their respective successors are duly elected and qualified. Votes cast by holders of the Common Stock were:
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| James W. Barge | | 30,896,726 shares | | 770,574 shares | |
| John G. McDonald | | 30,320,236 shares | | 1,347,064 shares | |
The Class A Stockholders also voted unanimously in favor of the approval of an amendment to the Scholastic Corporation Employee Stock Purchase Plan to increase the number of shares of Common Stock available for issuance thereunder by 500,000 shares and the approval of the Scholastic Corporation 2008 Executive Performance Incentive Plan establishing the performance-based framework pursuant to which certain key employees may receive annual incentive payments.
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SCHOLASTIC CORPORATION |
Item 6. Exhibits |
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Exhibits:
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31.1 | Certification of the Chief Executive Officer of Scholastic Corporation filed pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. |
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31.2 | Certification of the Chief Financial Officer of Scholastic Corporation filed pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. |
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32 | Certifications of the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer of Scholastic Corporation furnished pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. |
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SCHOLASTIC CORPORATION |
SIGNATURES |
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Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.
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| | SCHOLASTIC CORPORATION |
| | (Registrant) |
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Date: January 9, 2009 | By: | /s/ Richard Robinson |
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| | Richard Robinson |
| | Chairman of the Board, |
| | President and Chief |
| | Executive Officer |
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Date: January 9, 2009 | | /s/ Maureen O’Connell |
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| | Maureen O’Connell |
| | Executive Vice President, |
| | Chief Administrative Officer |
| | and Chief Financial Officer |
| | (Principal Financial Officer) |
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SCHOLASTIC CORPORATION |
QUARTERLY REPORT ON FORM 10-Q, DATED NOVEMBER 30, 2008 |
Exhibits Index |
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Exhibit Number | | Description of Document |
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31.1 | | Certification of the Chief Executive Officer of Scholastic Corporation filed pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. |
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31.2 | | Certification of the Chief Financial Officer of Scholastic Corporation filed pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. |
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32 | | Certifications of the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer of Scholastic Corporation furnished pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. |
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