Glacier Bancorp (GBCI) 10-K 23 Feb 24 2023 FY Annual report Financial data

Cover

Cover - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Feb. 19, 2024	Jun. 30, 2023
Cover [Abstract]
Document Type	10-K
Document Annual Report	true
Document Period End Date	Dec. 31, 2023
Current Fiscal Year End Date	--12-31
Document Transition Report	false
Entity File Number	000-18911
Entity Registrant Name	GLACIER BANCORP, INC.
Entity Incorporation, State or Country Code	MT
Entity Tax Identification Number	81-0519541
Entity Address, Address Line One	49 Commons Loop
Entity Address, City or Town	Kalispell,
Entity Address, State or Province	MT
Entity Address, Postal Zip Code	59901
City Area Code	(406)
Local Phone Number	756-4200
Title of 12(b) Security	Common Stock, $0.01 par value
Trading Symbol	GBCI
Security Exchange Name	NYSE
Entity Well-known Seasoned Issuer	Yes
Entity Voluntary Filers	No
Entity Current Reporting Status	Yes
Entity Interactive Data Current	Yes
Entity Filer Category	Large Accelerated Filer
Entity Small Business	false
Entity Emerging Growth Company	false
ICFR Auditor Attestation Flag	true
Document Financial Statement Error Correction [Flag]	false
Entity Shell Company	false
Entity Public Float			$ 3,437,780,226
Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding		113,368,242
Documents Incorporated by Reference	Portions of the Proxy Statement for the registrant’s 2024 Annual Meeting of shareholders are incorporated by reference into Parts I and III of this Form 10-K.
Entity Central Index Key	0000868671
Document Fiscal Year Focus	2023
Document Fiscal Period Focus	FY
Amendment Flag	false

Audit Information

Audit Information	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023
Audit Information [Abstract]
Auditor Name	FORVIS, LLP
Auditor Location	Denver, Colorado
Auditor Firm ID	686

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF FINA

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Assets
Cash on hand and in banks	$ 246,525	$ 300,194
Interest bearing cash deposits	1,107,817	101,801
Cash and cash equivalents	1,354,342	401,995
Debt securities, available-for-sale	4,785,719	5,307,307
Debt securities, held-to-maturity	3,502,411	3,715,052
Total debt securities	8,288,130	9,022,359
Loans held for sale, at fair value	15,691	12,314
Loans receivable	16,198,082	15,246,812
Allowance for credit losses	(192,757)	(182,283)
Loans receivable, net	16,005,325	15,064,529
Premises and equipment, net	421,791	398,100
Other real estate owned and foreclosed assets	1,503	32
Accrued interest receivable	94,526	83,538
Deferred tax asset	159,070	193,187
Core deposit intangible, net	31,870	41,601
Goodwill	985,393	985,393
Non-marketable equity securities	12,755	82,015
Bank-owned life insurance	171,101	169,068
Other assets	201,132	181,244
Total assets	27,742,629	26,635,375
Liabilities
Non-interest bearing deposits	6,022,980	7,690,751
Interest bearing deposits	13,906,187	12,915,804
Securities sold under agreements to repurchase	1,486,850	945,916
Federal Home Loan Bank advances	0	1,800,000
FRB Bank Term Funding	2,740,000	0
Other borrowed funds	81,695	77,293
Subordinated debentures	132,943	132,782
Accrued interest payable	125,907	4,331
Other liabilities	225,786	225,193
Total liabilities	24,722,348	23,792,070
Commitments and Contingent Liabilities	0	0
Stockholders’ Equity
Preferred shares, $0.01 par value per share, 1,000,000 shares authorized, none issued or outstanding	0	0
Common stock, $0.01 par value per share, 234,000,000 shares authorized	1,109	1,108
Paid-in capital	2,350,104	2,344,005
Retained earnings - substantially restricted	1,043,181	966,984
Accumulated other comprehensive loss	(374,113)	(468,792)
Total stockholders’ equity	3,020,281	2,843,305
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity	$ 27,742,629	$ 26,635,375
Number of common stock shares issued (in shares)	110,888,942	110,777,780
Number of common stock shares outstanding (in shares)	110,888,942	110,777,780

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF FI_2

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION (Parenthetical) - $ / shares	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Statement of Financial Position [Abstract]
Preferred shares, par value (in dollars per share)	$ 0.01	$ 0.01
Preferred shares authorized (in shares)	1,000,000	1,000,000
Preferred shares issued (in shares)	0	0
Preferred shares outstanding (in shares)	0	0
Common stock, par value (in dollars per share)	$ 0.01	$ 0.01
Common shares authorized (in shares)	234,000,000	234,000,000

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPER

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Interest Income
Investment securities	$ 201,930	$ 169,035	$ 122,099
Residential real estate loans	71,328	57,243	43,300
Commercial loans	669,663	548,969	471,061
Consumer and other loans	74,734	54,393	44,614
Total interest income	1,017,655	829,640	681,074
Interest Expense
Deposits	162,426	14,526	12,135
Securities sold under agreements to repurchase	36,414	3,200	2,303
Federal Home Loan Bank advances	26,910	17,317	0
FRB Bank Term Funding	93,388	0	0
Other borrowed funds	1,056	1,329	713
Subordinated debentures	5,779	4,889	3,407
Total interest expense	325,973	41,261	18,558
Net Interest Income	691,682	788,379	662,516
Provision for credit losses	14,795	19,963	23,076
Net interest income after provision for credit losses	676,887	768,416	639,440
Non-Interest Income
Service charges and other fees	75,157	72,124	59,317
Miscellaneous loan fees and charges	16,935	15,350	12,038
Gain on sale of loans	12,202	20,032	63,063
Gain (loss) on sale of securities	1,510	620	(638)
Other income	12,275	12,606	11,040
Total non-interest income	118,079	120,732	144,820
Non-Interest Expense
Compensation and employee benefits	309,048	319,303	270,644
Occupancy and equipment	43,578	43,261	39,394
Advertising and promotions	15,430	14,324	11,949
Data processing	33,752	30,823	23,470
Other real estate owned and foreclosed assets	119	77	236
Regulatory assessments and insurance	28,712	12,904	8,249
Amortization of core deposit intangibles	9,731	10,658	10,271
Other expenses	86,988	87,518	70,609
Total non-interest expense	527,358	518,868	434,822
Income Before Income Taxes	267,608	370,280	349,438
Federal and state income tax expense	44,681	67,078	64,681
Net Income	$ 222,927	$ 303,202	$ 284,757
Basic earnings per share (in dollars per share)	$ 2.01	$ 2.74	$ 2.87
Diluted earnings per share (in dollars per share)	2.01	2.74	2.86
Dividends declared per share (in dollars per share)	$ 1.32	$ 1.32	$ 1.37
Average outstanding shares - basic (in shares)	110,864,501	110,757,473	99,313,255
Average outstanding shares - diluted (in shares)	110,890,447	110,827,933	99,398,250

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMP

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Statement of Comprehensive Income [Abstract]
Net Income	$ 222,927	$ 303,202	$ 284,757
Available-For-Sale and Transferred Securities:
Unrealized gains (losses) on available-for-sale securities	125,231	(672,570)	(151,426)
Reclassification adjustment for gains (losses) included in net income	31	(1,336)	(790)
Reclassification adjustment for securities transferred from available-for-sale to held-to-maturity	5,612	2,990	(3,551)
Tax effect	(34,264)	169,540	39,362
Net of tax amount	96,610	(501,376)	(116,405)
Cash Flow Hedge:
Unrealized gains on derivatives used for cash flow hedges	2,006	7,809	901
Reclassification adjustment for losses included in net income	(4,605)	(817)	0
Tax effect	668	(1,767)	(227)
Net of tax amount	(1,931)	5,225	674
Total other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax	94,679	(496,151)	(115,731)
Total Comprehensive Income (Loss)	$ 317,606	$ (192,949)	$ 169,026

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHAN

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Total	Common Stock	Paid-in Capital	Retained Earnings- Substantially Restricted	Accumulated Other Comp-rehensive (Loss) Income
Balance (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2020		95,426,364
Balance at Dec. 31, 2020	$ 2,307,041	$ 954	$ 1,495,053	$ 667,944	$ 143,090
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Net income	284,757			284,757
Other comprehensive (loss) income	(115,731)				(115,731)
Cash dividends declared	(142,359)			(142,359)
Stock issued in connection with acquisitions (in shares)		15,173,482
Stock issued in connection with acquisitions	839,853	$ 152	839,701
Stock issuances under stock incentive plans (in shares)		87,687
Stock issuances under stock incentive plans	0	$ 1	(1)
Stock-based compensation and related taxes	4,061		4,061
Balance (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2021		110,687,533
Balance at Dec. 31, 2021	3,177,622	$ 1,107	2,338,814	810,342	27,359
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Net income	303,202			303,202
Other comprehensive (loss) income	(496,151)				(496,151)
Cash dividends declared	(146,560)			(146,560)
Stock issuances under stock incentive plans (in shares)		90,247
Stock issuances under stock incentive plans	0	$ 1	(1)
Stock-based compensation and related taxes	$ 5,192		5,192
Balance (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2022	110,777,780	110,777,780
Balance at Dec. 31, 2022	$ 2,843,305	$ 1,108	2,344,005	966,984	(468,792)
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Net income	222,927			222,927
Other comprehensive (loss) income	94,679				94,679
Cash dividends declared	(146,730)			(146,730)
Stock issuances under stock incentive plans (in shares)		111,162
Stock issuances under stock incentive plans	0	$ 1	(1)
Stock-based compensation and related taxes	$ 6,100		6,100
Balance (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2023	110,888,942	110,888,942
Balance at Dec. 31, 2023	$ 3,020,281	$ 1,109	$ 2,350,104	$ 1,043,181	$ (374,113)

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CH_2

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY (Parenthetical) - $ / shares	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Statement of Stockholders' Equity [Abstract]
Cash dividends declared per share (in dollars per share)	$ 1.32	$ 1.32	$ 1.37

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Operating Activities
Net income	$ 222,927	$ 303,202	$ 284,757
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
Provision for credit losses	14,795	19,963	23,076
Net amortization of debt securities	15,506	29,587	47,299
Net amortization of purchase accounting adjustments and deferred loan fees and costs	(5,347)	2,789	(17,881)
Origination of loans held for sale	(435,649)	(743,212)	(1,550,787)
Proceeds from loans held for sale	549,778	844,940	1,797,566
Gain on sale of loans	(12,202)	(20,032)	(63,063)
(Gain) loss on sale of securities	(1,510)	(620)	638
Bank-owned life insurance income, net	(3,849)	(3,579)	(2,873)
Stock-based compensation, net of tax benefits	5,929	5,366	4,349
Depreciation and amortization of premises and equipment	27,412	25,830	21,768
Gain on sale and write-downs of other real estate owned, net	(321)	(121)	(105)
Deferred tax expense (benefit)	507	2,177	(9,095)
Amortization of core deposit intangibles	9,731	10,658	10,271
Amortization of investments in variable interest entities	20,515	16,640	13,457
Net (increase) decrease in accrued interest receivable	(10,989)	(6,865)	5,118
Net (increase) decrease in other assets	(9,801)	(25,807)	8,188
Net increase (decrease) in accrued interest payable	121,576	1,922	(1,222)
Net (decrease) increase in other liabilities	(8,293)	7,822	588
Net cash provided by operating activities	500,715	470,660	572,049
Investing Activities
Sales of available-for-sale debt securities	29,972	326,302	0
Maturities, prepayments and calls of available-for-sale debt securities	621,878	1,101,420	1,453,049
Purchases of available-for-sale debt securities	0	(471,581)	(6,315,164)
Maturities, prepayments and calls of held-to-maturity debt securities	209,909	211,700	48,955
Purchases of held-to-maturity debt securities	0	(523,060)	(222,695)
Principal collected on loans	2,946,294	5,432,753	6,529,504
Loan originations	(4,013,701)	(7,296,411)	(7,000,632)
Net additions to premises and equipment	(49,283)	(23,238)	(9,436)
Proceeds from sale of other real estate owned	391	1,014	3,313
Proceeds from redemption of non-marketable equity securities	630,584	366,467	4,218
Purchases of non-marketable equity securities	(559,601)	(438,398)	(2)
Proceeds from bank-owned life insurance	1,787	2,217	2,112
Investments in variable interest entities	(25,722)	(40,967)	(22,640)
Net cash received from acquisitions	0	0	1,622,717
Net cash used in investing activities	(207,492)	(1,351,782)	(3,906,701)
Financing Activities
Net (decrease) increase in deposits	(676,652)	(729,707)	3,266,304
Net increase (decrease) in securities sold under agreements to repurchase	540,934	(74,878)	16,211
Net (decrease) increase in short-term Federal Home Loan Bank advances	(1,800,000)	1,800,000	0
Proceeds from short-term FRB Bank Term Funding advances	2,740,000	0	0
Net increase in other borrowed funds	3,327	9,120	3,526
Cash dividends paid	(146,690)	(157,540)	(145,557)
Tax withholding payments for stock-based compensation	(1,795)	(1,704)	(1,553)
Proceeds from stock option exercises	0	140	265
Net cash provided by financing activities	659,124	845,431	3,139,196
Net increase (decrease) in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash	952,347	(35,691)	(195,456)
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at beginning of period	401,995	437,686	633,142
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at end of period	1,354,342	401,995	437,686
Supplemental Disclosure of Cash Flow Information
Cash paid during the period for interest	204,397	39,339	19,779
Cash paid during the period for income taxes	27,932	55,197	67,306
Supplemental Disclosure of Non-Cash Investing Activities
Transfer of debt securities from held-to-maturity to available-for-sale	0	2,154,475	844,020
Sale and refinancing of other real estate owned	22	0	0
Transfer of loans to other real estate owned	1,563	907	1,482
Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for new lease liabilities	1,979	25,048	801
Dividends declared during the period but not paid	370	346	11,352
Acquisitions
Fair value of common stock shares issued	0	0	839,853
Cash consideration	0	0	9
Fair value of assets acquired	0	0	4,131,662
Liabilities assumed	$ 0	$ 0	$ 3,291,800

Nature of Operations and Summar

Nature of Operations and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023
Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]
Nature of Operations and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies	Nature of Operations and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies General Glacier Bancorp, Inc. (“Company”) is a Montana corporation headquartered in Kalispell, Montana. The Company provides a full range of banking services to individuals and businesses in Montana, Idaho, Utah, Washington, Wyoming, Colorado, Arizona and Nevada through its wholly-owned bank subsidiary, Glacier Bank (“Bank”). The Company offers a wide range of banking products and services, including: 1) retail banking; 2) business banking; 3) real estate, commercial, agriculture and consumer loans; and 4) mortgage origination and loan servicing. The Company serves individuals, small to medium-sized businesses, community organizations and public entities. The preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”) requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of income and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Material estimates that are particularly susceptible to significant change include: 1) the determination of the allowance for credit losses (“ACL” or “allowance”) on loans; 2) the valuation of debt securities; 3) the valuation of real estate acquired in connection with foreclosures or in satisfaction of loans; and 4) the evaluation of goodwill impairment. For the determination of the ACL on loans and real estate valuation estimates, management obtains independent appraisals (new or updated) for significant items. Estimates relating to the investment valuations are obtained from independent third parties. Estimates relating to the evaluation of goodwill for impairment are determined based on internal calculations using independent party inputs. Principles of Consolidation The consolidated financial statements of the Company include the parent holding company and the Bank, which consists of seventeen bank divisions and a corporate division. The corporate division includes the Bank’s investment portfolio, wholesale borrowings and other centralized functions. The Bank divisions operate under separate names, management teams and advisory directors. The Company considers the Bank to be its sole operating segment as the Bank 1) engages in similar bank business activity from which it earns revenues and incurs expenses; 2) the operating results of the Bank are regularly reviewed by the Chief Executive Officer (“CEO”) (i.e., the chief operating decision maker) who makes decisions about resources to be allocated to the Bank; and 3) financial information is available for the Bank. All significant inter-company transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. The Bank has subsidiary interests in variable interest entities (“VIE”) for which the Bank has both the power to direct the VIE’s significant activities and the obligation to absorb losses or right to receive benefits of the VIE that could potentially be significant to the VIE. These subsidiary interests are included in the Company’s consolidated financial statements. The Bank also has subsidiary interests in VIEs for which the Bank does not have a controlling financial interest and is not the primary beneficiary. These subsidiary interests are not included in the Company’s consolidated financial statements. For additional information on the Bank’s interest in VIEs, see Note 7. The parent holding company owns non-bank subsidiaries that have issued trust preferred securities. The trust subsidiaries are not included in the Company’s consolidated financial statements. The Company's investments in the trust subsidiaries are included in other assets on the Company's statements of financial condition. On October 1, 2021, the Company completed the acquisition of Altabancorp, the bank holding company for Altabank, a community bank based in American Fork, Utah (collectively, “Alta”). The business combinations were accounted for using the acquisition method, with the results of operations included in the Company’s consolidated financial statements as of the acquisition dates. Cash, Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash Cash and cash equivalents include cash on hand, cash held as demand deposits at various banks and the Federal Reserve Bank (“FRB”), interest bearing deposits, federal funds sold, and liquid investments with original maturities of three months or less. Interest bearing deposits are maintained at other financial institutions as collateral for certain derivative contracts and are considered restricted cash. The Company had $17,440,000 and $0 of restricted cash held as collateral for derivative investments as of December 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively. The Bank is required to maintain an average reserve balance with either the FRB or in the form of cash on hand at a reserve rate determined by the FRB. Effective March 26, 2020, the FRB Board reduced the reserve requirement ratio to zero percent. The required reserve balance at December 31, 2023 was $0. Debt Securities Debt securities for which the Company has the positive intent and ability to hold to maturity are classified as held-to-maturity and are carried at amortized cost. Debt securities held primarily for the purpose of selling in the near term are classified as trading securities and are reported at fair value, with unrealized gains and losses included in income. Debt securities not classified as held-to-maturity or trading are classified as available-for-sale and are reported at fair value with unrealized gains and losses, net of income taxes, as a separate component of other comprehensive income (“OCI”). Premiums and discounts on debt securities are amortized or accreted into income using a method that approximates the interest method. The objective of the interest method is to calculate periodic interest income at a constant effective yield. The Company does not have any debt securities classified as trading securities. When the Company acquires another entity, it records the debt securities at fair value. The Company reviews and analyzes the various risks that may be present within the investment portfolio on an ongoing basis, including market risk, credit risk and liquidity risk. Market risk is the risk to an entity’s financial condition resulting from adverse changes in the value of its holdings arising from movements in interest rates, foreign exchange rates, equity prices or commodity prices. The Company assesses the market risk of individual debt securities as well as the investment portfolio as a whole. Credit risk, broadly defined, is the risk that an issuer or counterparty will fail to perform on an obligation. The credit rating of a security is considered the primary credit quality indicator for debt securities. Liquidity risk refers to the risk that a security will not have an active and efficient market in which the security can be sold. A debt security is investment grade if the issuer has adequate capacity to meet its commitment over the expected life of the investment, i.e., the risk of default is low and full and timely repayment of interest and principal is expected. To determine investment grade status for debt securities, the Company conducts due diligence of the creditworthiness of the issuer or counterparty prior to acquisition and ongoing thereafter consistent with the risk characteristics of the security and the overall risk of the investment portfolio. Credit quality due diligence takes into account the extent to which a security is guaranteed by the U.S. government and other agencies of the U.S. government. The depth of the due diligence is based on the complexity of the structure, the size of the security, and takes into account material positions and specific groups of securities or stratifications for analysis and review of similar risk positions. The due diligence includes consideration of payment performance, collateral adequacy, internal analyses, third party research and analytics, external credit ratings and default statistics. The Company has acquired debt securities through acquisitions and if the securities have more than insignificant credit deterioration since origination, they are designated as purchased credit-deteriorated (“PCD”) securities. An ACL is determined using the same methodology as with other debt securities. The sum of a PCD security’s fair value and associated ACL becomes its initial amortized cost basis. The difference between the initial amortized cost basis and the par value of the debt security is a noncredit discount or premium, which is amortized into interest income over the life of the security. Subsequent changes to the ACL are recorded through provision for credit losses. For additional information relating to debt securities, see Note 2. Allowance for Credit Losses - Available-for-Sale Debt Securities For available-for-sale debt securities in an unrealized loss position, the Company first assesses whether it intends to sell, or it is more-likely-than-not that it will be required to sell the security before recovery of its amortized cost basis. If either of the criteria regarding intent or requirement to sell is met, the security’s amortized cost basis is written down to fair value through other expense. For the available-for-sale securities that do not meet the aforementioned criteria, the Company evaluates whether the decline in fair value has resulted from credit losses or other factors. In such assessment, the Company considers the extent to which fair value is less than amortized cost, if there are any changes to the investment grade of the security by a rating agency, and if there are any adverse conditions that impact the security. If this assessment indicates a credit loss exists, the present value of the cash flows expected to be collected from the security is compared to the amortized cost basis of the security. If the present value of the cash flows expected to be collected is less than the amortized cost basis, a potential credit loss exists and an ACL is recorded for the credit loss, limited by the amount that the fair value is less than the amortized cost. Any estimated credit losses that have not been recorded through an ACL are recognized in OCI. The Company has elected to exclude accrued interest from the estimate of credit losses for available-for-sale debt securities. As part of its non-accrual policy, the Company charges-off uncollectable interest at the time it is determined to be uncollectable. Allowance for Credit Losses - Held-to-Maturity Debt Securities For estimating the allowance for held-to-maturity (“HTM”) debt securities that share similar risk characteristics with other securities, such securities are pooled based on major security type. For pools of such securities with similar risk characteristics, the historical lifetime probability of default and severity of loss in the event of default is derived or obtained from external sources and adjusted for the expected effects of reasonable and supportable forecasts over the expected lives of the securities on those historical credit losses. Expected credit losses on securities in the held-to-maturity portfolio that do not share similar risk characteristics with any of the pools of debt securities are individually measured based on net realizable value, or the difference between the discounted value of the expected future cash flows, based on the original effective interest rate, and the recorded amortized cost basis of the securities. The Company has elected to exclude accrued interest from the estimate of credit losses for held-to-maturity debt securities. As part of its non-accrual policy, the Company charges off uncollectable interest at the time it is determined to be uncollectable. Loans Held for Sale Loans held for sale generally consist of long-term, fixed rate, conforming, single-family residential real estate loans intended to be sold on the secondary market. Loans held for sale are recorded at fair value and may or may not be sold with servicing rights released. Changes in fair value are recognized in non-interest income. Fair value elections are made at the time of origination based on the Company’s fair value election policy. Loans Receivable The Company’s loan segments or classes are based on the purpose of the loan and consist of residential real estate, commercial real estate, other commercial, home equity, and other consumer loans. Loans that are intended at origination to be held-to-maturity, are reported at the unpaid principal balance less net charge-offs and adjusted for deferred fees and costs on originated loans and unamortized premiums or discounts on acquired loans. Interest income is accrued on the unpaid principal balance. Fees and costs on originated loans and premiums or discounts on acquired loans are deferred and subsequently amortized or accreted as a yield adjustment over the expected life of the loan utilizing the interest or straight-line methods. The interest method is utilized for loans with scheduled payment terms and the objective is to calculate periodic interest income at a constant effective yield. The straight-line method is utilized for revolving lines of credit or loans with no scheduled payment terms. When a loan is paid off prior to maturity, the remaining unamortized fees and costs on originated loans and unamortized premiums or discounts on acquired loans are immediately recognized as interest income. Loans that are thirty days or more past due based on payments received and applied to the loan are considered delinquent. Loans are designated non-accrual and the accrual of interest is discontinued when the collection of the contractual principal or interest is unlikely. A loan is typically placed on non-accrual when principal or interest is due and has remained unpaid for ninety days or more. When a loan is placed on non-accrual status, interest previously accrued but not collected is reversed against current period interest income. Subsequent payments on non-accrual loans are applied to the outstanding principal balance if doubt remains as to the ultimate collectability of the loan. Interest accruals are not resumed on partially charged-off impaired loans. For other loans on non-accrual, interest accruals are resumed on such loans only when they are brought fully current with respect to interest and principal and when, in the judgment of management, the loans are estimated to be fully collectible as to both principal and interest. The Company has acquired loans through acquisitions, some of which have experienced more than insignificant credit deterioration since origination. The Company considers all acquired non-accrual loans to be PCD loans. In addition, the Company considers loans accruing ninety days or more past due or substandard loans to be PCD loans. An ACL is determined using the same methodology as other loans held for investment. The ACL determined on a collective basis is allocated to individual loans. The sum of a loan’s fair value and ACL becomes the initial amortized cost basis. The difference between the initial amortized cost basis and the par value of the loan is a noncredit discount or premium, which is amortized into interest income over the life of the loan. Subsequent changes to the ACL are recorded through provision for credit losses. For additional information relating to loans, see Note 3. Allowance for Credit Losses - Loans Receivable The ACL for loans receivable represents management’s estimate of credit losses over the expected contractual life of the loan portfolio. The estimate is determined based on the amortized cost of the loan portfolio including the loan balance adjusted for charge-offs, recoveries, deferred fees and costs, and loan discount and premiums. Recoveries are included only to the extent that such amounts were previously charged-off. The Company has elected to exclude accrued interest from the estimate of credit losses for loans. Determining the adequacy of the allowance is complex and requires a high degree of judgment by management about the effect of matters that are inherently uncertain. Subsequent evaluations of the then-existing loan portfolio, in light of the factors then prevailing, may result in significant changes in the allowance in those future periods. The allowance is increased for estimated credit losses which are recorded as expense. The portion of loans and overdraft balances determined by management to be uncollectable are charged-off as a reduction to the allowance and recoveries of amounts previously charged-off increase the allowance. The Company’s charge-off policy is consistent with bank regulatory standards. Consumer loans generally are charged-off when the loan becomes over 120 days delinquent. Real estate acquired as a result of foreclosure or by deed-in-lieu of foreclosure is classified as other real estate owned (“OREO”) until such time as it is sold. The expected credit loss estimate process involves procedures to consider the unique characteristics of each of the Company’s loan portfolio segments, which consist of residential real estate, commercial real estate, other commercial, home equity, and other consumer loans. When computing the allowance levels, credit loss assumptions are estimated using a model that categorizes loan pools based on loss history, credit and risk characteristics, including current conditions and reasonable and supportable forecasts about the future. The Company has determined a four consecutive quarter forecasting period is a reasonable and supportable period. Expected credit loss for periods beyond reasonable and supportable forecast periods are determined based on a reversion method which reverts back to historical loss estimates over a four consecutive quarter period on a straight-line basis. Credit quality is assessed and monitored by evaluating various attributes and the results of those evaluations are utilized in underwriting new loans and the process for estimating the expected credit losses. The following paragraphs describe the risk characteristics relevant to each portfolio segment. Residential Real Estate. Residential real estate loans are secured by owner-occupied 1-4 family residences. Repayment of these loans is primarily dependent on the personal income and credit rating of the borrowers. Credit risk in these loans is impacted by economic conditions within the Company’s market areas that affect the value of the residential property securing the loans and affect the borrowers' personal incomes. Mitigating risk factors for this loan segment include a large number of borrowers, geographic dispersion of market areas and the loans are originated for relatively smaller amounts. Commercial Real Estate . Commercial real estate loans typically involve larger principal amounts, and repayment of these loans is generally dependent on the successful operation of the property securing the loan and/or the business conducted on the property securing the loan. Credit risk in these loans is impacted by the creditworthiness of a borrower, valuation of the property securing the loan and conditions within the local economies in the Company’s diverse, geographic market areas. Commercial . Commercial loans consist of loans to commercial customers for use in financing working capital needs, equipment purchases and business expansions. The loans in this category are repaid primarily from the cash flow of a borrower’s principal business operation. Credit risk in these loans is driven by creditworthiness of a borrower and the economic conditions that impact the cash flow stability from business operations across the Company’s diverse, geographic market areas. Home Equity . Home equity loans consist of junior lien mortgages and first and junior lien lines of credit (revolving open-end and amortizing closed-end) secured by owner-occupied 1-4 family residences. Repayment of these loans is primarily dependent on the personal income and credit rating of the borrowers. Credit risk in these loans is impacted by economic conditions within the Company’s market areas that affect the value of the residential property securing the loans and affect the borrowers' personal incomes. Mitigating risk factors for this loan segment are a large number of borrowers, geographic dispersion of market areas and the loans are originated for terms that range from 10 to 15 years. Other Consumer . The other consumer loan portfolio consists of various short-term loans such as automobile loans and loans for other personal purposes. Repayment of these loans is primarily dependent on the personal income of the borrowers. Credit risk is driven by consumer economic factors (such as unemployment and general economic conditions in the Company’s diverse, geographic market areas) and the creditworthiness of a borrower. The allowance is impacted by loan volumes, delinquency status, credit ratings, historical loss experiences, estimated prepayment speeds, weighted average lives and other conditions influencing loss expectations, such as reasonable and supportable forecasts of economic conditions. The methodology for estimating the amount of expected credit losses reported in the allowance has two basic components: 1) individual loans that do not share similar risk characteristics with other loans and the measurement of expected credit losses for such individual loans; and 2) the expected credit losses for pools of loans that share similar risk characteristics. Loans that do not Share Similar Risk Characteristics with Other Loans. For a loan that does not share similar risk characteristics with other loans, expected credit loss is measured based on the net realizable value, that is, the difference between the discounted value of the expected future cash flows, based on the original effective interest rate, and the amortized cost basis of the loan. For these loans, the expected credit loss is equal to the amount by which the net realizable value of the loan is less than the amortized cost basis of the loan (which is net of previous charge-offs and deferred loan fees and costs), except when the loan is collateral-dependent, that is, when foreclosure is probable or the borrower is experiencing financial difficulty and repayment is expected to be provided substantially through the operation or sale of the collateral. In these cases, expected credit loss is measured as the difference between the amortized cost basis of the loan and the fair value of the collateral. The fair value of the collateral is adjusted for the estimated cost to sell if repayment or satisfaction of a loan is dependent on the sale (rather than only on the operation) of the collateral. The Company has determined that non-accrual loans do not share similar risk characteristics with other loans and these loans are individually evaluated for estimated allowance for credit losses. The Company, through its credit monitoring process, may also identify other loans that do not share similar risk characteristics and individually evaluate such loans. The starting point for determining the fair value of collateral is to obtain external appraisals or evaluations (new or updated). The valuation techniques used in preparing appraisals or evaluations (new or updated) include the cost approach, income approach, sales comparison approach, or a combination of the preceding valuation techniques. The Company’s credit department reviews appraisals, giving consideration to the highest and best use of the collateral. The appraisals or evaluations (new or updated) are reviewed at least quarterly and more frequently based on current market conditions, including deterioration in a borrower’s financial condition and when property values may be subject to significant volatility. Adjustments may be made to the fair value of the collateral after review and acceptance of the collateral appraisal or evaluation (new or updated). Loans that Share Similar Risk Characteristics with other Loans. For estimating the allowance for loans that share similar risk characteristics with other loans, such loans are segregated into loan segments. Loans are designated into loan segments based on loans pooled by product types and similar risk characteristics or areas of risk concentration. In determining the ACL, the Company derives an estimated credit loss assumption from a model that categorizes loan pools based on loan type which is further segregated by the credit quality indicators. This model calculates an expected loss percentage for each loan segment by considering the non-discounted simple annual average historical loss rate of each loan segment (calculated through an “open pool” method), multiplying the loss rate by the amortized loan balance and incorporating that segment’s internally generated prepayment speed assumption and contractually scheduled remaining principal pay downs on a loan level basis. The annual historical loss rates are adjusted over a reasonable economic forecast period by a multiplier that is calculated based upon current national economic forecasts as a proportion of each segment’s historical average loss levels. The Company will then revert from the economic forecast period back to the historical average loss rate in a straight-line basis. After the reversion period, the loans will be assumed to experience their historical loss rate for the remainder of their contractual lives. The model applies the expected loss rate over the projected cash flows at the individual loan level and then aggregates the losses by loan segment in determining their quantitative allowance. The Company will also include qualitative adjustments to adjust the ACL on loan segments to the extent the current or future market conditions are believed to vary substantially from historical conditions in regards to: • lending policies and procedures; • international, national, regional and local economic business conditions, developments, or environmental conditions that affect the collectability of the portfolio, including the condition of various markets; • the nature and volume of the loan portfolio including the terms of the loans; • the experience, ability, and depth of the lending management and other relevant staff; • the volume and severity of past due and adversely classified or graded loans and the volume of non-accrual loans; • the quality of our loan review system; • the value of underlying collateral for collateralized loans; • the existence and effect of any concentrations of credit, and changes in the level of concentrations; and • the effect of external factors such as competition and legal and regulatory requirements on the level of estimated credit losses in the existing portfolio. The Company regularly reviews loans in the portfolio to assess credit quality indicators and to determine the appropriate loan classification and grading in accordance with applicable bank regulations. The primary credit quality indicator for residential, home equity and other consumer loans is the days past due status, which consists of the following categories: 1) performing loans; 2) 30 to 89 days past due loans; and 3) non-accrual and ninety days or more past due loans. The primary credit quality indicator for commercial real estate and commercial loans is the Company’s internal risk rating system, which includes the following categories: 1) pass loans; 2) special mention loans; 3) substandard loans; and 4) doubtful or loss loans. Such credit quality indicators are regularly monitored and incorporated into the Company’s allowance estimate. The following paragraphs further define the internal risk ratings for commercial real estate and commercial loans. Pass Loans. These ratings represent loans that are of acceptable, good or excellent quality with very limited to no risk. Loans that do not have one of the following ratings are considered pass loans. Special Mention Loans. These ratings represent loans that are designated as special mention per the regulatory definition. Special mention loans are currently protected but are potentially weak. The credit risk may be relatively minor yet constitute an undue and unwarranted risk in light of the circumstances surrounding a specific loan. The rating may be used to identify credit with potential weaknesses that if not corrected may weaken the loan to the point of inadequately protecting the Bank’s credit position. Examples include a lack of supervision, inadequate loan agreement, condition, or control of collateral, incomplete, or improper documentation, deviations from lending policy, and adverse trends in operations or economic conditions. Substandard Loans. This rating represents loans that are inadequately protected by the current sound worth and paying capacity of the obligor or of the collateral pledged. A loan so classified must have a well-defined weakness that jeopardizes the liquidation of the debt. These loans are characterized by the distinct possibility that the Bank will sustain some loss if the deficiencies are not corrected. Loss potential, while existing in the aggregated amount of substandard loans, does not have to exist in an individual loan classified substandard. Doubtful/Loss Loans. A loan classified as doubtful has the characteristics that make collection in full, on the basis of currently existing facts, conditions, and values, highly improbable. The possibility of loss is extremely high, but because of pending factors, which may work to the advantage and strengthening of the loan, its classification as loss is deferred until its more exact status may be determined. Pending factors include proposed merger, acquisition, or liquidation procedures, capital injection, perfecting liens on additional collateral and refinancing plans. Loans are classified as loss when they are deemed to be not collectible and of such little value that continuance as an active asset of the Bank is not warranted. Loans classified as loss must be charged-off. Assignment of this classification does not mean that an asset has absolutely no recovery or salvage value, but that it is not practical or desirable to defer writing off a basically worthless asset, even though partial recovery may be attained in the future. Modifications On January 1, 2023, the Company adopted FASB ASU 2022-02, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses, Troubled Debt Restructurings and Vintage Disclosures , which eliminated the accounting guidance for TDRs by creditors in Accounting Standard Codification (ASC) Subtopic 310-40, and enhanced the disclosure requirements for certain loan refinancing and restructures by creditors when a borrower is experiencing financial difficulty. The company identifies modifications to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty (“MBFD”) as a loan that has been modified for the borrower that is experiencing financial difficulties. The Company considers some of the indicators that a borrower is experiencing financial difficulty to be: currently in payment default on any of their debt, declaring bankruptcy, going concern, borrower’s securities have been delisted, and other indicators of inability to meet obligations. This list does not include all potential indicators of a borrower’s financial difficulties. The allowance for credit losses on a loans that are considered MBFD’s are measured using the same method as all other loans held for investment. Prior to the adoption of this guidance, restructured loans were considered to be a troubled debt restructuring (“TDR”) if the creditor, for economic or legal reasons related to the debtor’s financial difficulties, grants a concession to the debtor that it would have not otherwise considered. The allowance for credit losses on a TDR were measured using the same method as all other loans held for investment. Allowance for Credit Losses - Off-Balance Sheet Credit Exposures The Company maintains a separate allowance for credit losses for off-balance sheet credit exposures, including unfunded loan commitments. Such ACL is included in other liabilities on the Company’s statements of financial condition. The Company estimates the amount of expected losses by calculating a commitment usage factor over the contractual period for exposures and applying the loss factors used in the allowance for credit loss methodology to the results of the usage calculation to estimate the liability for credit losses related to unfunded commitments for each loan segment. No credit loss estimate is reported for off-balance she

Debt Securities

Debt Securities	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023
Investments, Debt and Equity Securities [Abstract]
Debt Securities	Debt Securities The following tables present the amortized cost, the gross unrealized gains and losses and the fair value of the Company’s debt securities: December 31, 2023 Amortized Gross Unrealized Gains Gross Unrealized Losses Fair (Dollars in thousands) Available-for-sale U.S. government and federal agency $ 485,005 11 (29,669) 455,347 U.S. government sponsored enterprises 321,993 — (22,774) 299,219 State and local governments 101,903 302 (3,273) 98,932 Corporate bonds 27,007 2 (756) 26,253 Residential mortgage-backed securities 3,166,589 7 (355,333) 2,811,263 Commercial mortgage-backed securities 1,180,756 519 (86,570) 1,094,705 Total available-for-sale 5,283,253 841 (498,375) 4,785,719 Held-to-maturity U.S. government and federal agency 853,273 — (65,472) 787,801 State and local governments 1,650,000 2,843 (181,192) 1,471,651 Residential mortgage-backed securities 999,138 — (78,396) 920,742 Total held-to-maturity 3,502,411 2,843 (325,060) 3,180,194 Total debt securities $ 8,785,664 3,684 (823,435) 7,965,913 December 31, 2022 Amortized Gross Unrealized Gains Gross Unrealized Losses Fair (Dollars in thousands) Available-for-sale U.S. government and federal agency $ 487,320 23 (42,616) 444,727 U.S. government sponsored enterprises 320,157 — (32,793) 287,364 State and local governments 137,033 709 (4,749) 132,993 Corporate bonds 27,101 — (992) 26,109 Residential mortgage-backed securities 3,706,427 6 (439,092) 3,267,341 Commercial mortgage-backed securities 1,252,065 347 (103,639) 1,148,773 Total available-for-sale 5,930,103 1,085 (623,881) 5,307,307 Held-to-maturity U.S. government and federal agency 846,046 — (83,796) 762,250 State and local governments 1,682,640 1,045 (248,233) 1,435,452 Residential mortgage-backed securities 1,186,366 — (109,276) 1,077,090 Total held-to-maturity 3,715,052 1,045 (441,305) 3,274,792 Total debt securities $ 9,645,155 2,130 (1,065,186) 8,582,099 Maturity Analysis The following table presents the amortized cost and fair value of available-for-sale and held-to-maturity debt securities by contractual maturity at December 31, 2023. Actual maturities may differ from expected or contractual maturities since some issuers have the right to prepay obligations with or without prepayment penalties. December 31, 2023 Available-for-Sale Held-to-Maturity (Dollars in thousands) Amortized Cost Fair Value Amortized Cost Fair Value Due within one year $ 3,632 3,653 5,233 5,213 Due after one year through five years 857,022 804,203 927,824 860,978 Due after five years through ten years 36,144 35,010 184,556 177,537 Due after ten years 39,110 36,885 1,385,660 1,215,724 935,908 879,751 2,503,273 2,259,452 Mortgage-backed securities 1 4,347,345 3,905,968 999,138 920,742 Total $ 5,283,253 4,785,719 3,502,411 3,180,194 ______________________________ 1 Mortgage-backed securities, which have prepayment provisions, are not assigned to maturity categories due to fluctuations in their prepayment speeds. Sales and Calls of Debt Securities Proceeds from sales and calls of debt securities and the associated gains and losses that have been included in earnings are listed below: Years ended (Dollars in thousands) December 31, December 31, December 31, Available-for-sale Proceeds from sales and calls of debt securities $ 31,944 428,225 188,431 Gross realized gains 1 145 3,357 984 Gross realized losses 1 (176) (2,021) (194) Held-to-maturity Proceeds from calls of debt securities 18,125 28,210 48,475 Gross realized gains 1 10 64 3 Gross realized losses 1 (193) (780) (1,431) ______________________________ 1 The gain or loss on the sale or call of each debt security is determined by the specific identification method. In 2023, the Company also had a gain of $1,700,000 on the sale of all of the Company’s Visa class B shares which was included in the gain on sale of securities. At December 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company had debt securities with carrying values of $6,479,495,000 and $2,768,229,000, respectively, pledged as collateral to FHLB, FRB, securities sold under agreements to repurchase (“repurchase agreements”), and for deposits of several state and local government units. Allowance for Credit Losses - Available-For-Sale Debt Securities In assessing whether a credit loss existed on available-for-sale debt securities with unrealized losses, the Company compared the present value of cash flows expected to be collected from the debt securities with the amortized cost basis of the debt securities. In addition, the following factors were evaluated individually and collectively in determining the existence of expected credit losses: • credit ratings from Nationally Recognized Statistical Rating Organizations (“NRSRO” entities such as Standard and Poor’s [“S&P”] and Moody’s); • extent to which the fair value is less than cost; • adverse conditions, if any, specifically related to the impaired securities, including the industry and geographic area; • the overall deal and payment structure of the debt securities, including the investor entity’s position within the structure, underlying obligors, financial condition and near-term prospects of the issuer, including specific events which may affect the issuer’s operations or future earnings, and credit support or enhancements; and • failure of the issuer and underlying obligors, if any, to make scheduled payments of interest and principal. The following table summarizes available-for-sale debt securities that were in an unrealized loss position for which an ACL has not been recorded, based on the length of time the individual securities have been in an unrealized loss position. The number of available-for-sale debt securities in an unrealized position is also disclosed. December 31, 2023 Number Less than 12 Months 12 Months or More Total (Dollars in thousands) Fair Unrealized Fair Unrealized Fair Unrealized Available-for-sale U.S. government and federal agency 57 $ 3,702 (56) 448,909 (29,613) 452,611 (29,669) U.S. government sponsored enterprises 14 — — 299,220 (22,774) 299,220 (22,774) State and local governments 85 3,039 (2) 64,645 (3,271) 67,684 (3,273) Corporate bonds 4 — — 23,262 (756) 23,262 (756) Residential mortgage-backed securities 402 1,430 (44) 2,809,482 (355,289) 2,810,912 (355,333) Commercial mortgage-backed securities 151 21,232 (268) 1,034,183 (86,302) 1,055,415 (86,570) Total available-for-sale 713 $ 29,403 (370) 4,679,701 (498,005) 4,709,104 (498,375) December 31, 2022 Number Less than 12 Months 12 Months or More Total (Dollars in thousands) Fair Unrealized Fair Unrealized Fair Unrealized Available-for-sale U.S. government and federal agency 56 $ 4,150 (64) 435,375 (42,552) 439,525 (42,616) U.S. government sponsored enterprises 14 — — 287,364 (32,793) 287,364 (32,793) State and local governments 121 71,512 (2,109) 20,753 (2,640) 92,265 (4,749) Corporate bonds 5 25,146 (992) — — 25,146 (992) Residential mortgage-backed securities 441 301,548 (24,581) 2,965,512 (414,511) 3,267,060 (439,092) Commercial mortgage-backed securities 157 673,102 (41,984) 435,176 (61,655) 1,108,278 (103,639) Total available-for-sale 794 $ 1,075,458 (69,730) 4,144,180 (554,151) 5,219,638 (623,881) With respect to severity, the majority of available-for-sale debt securities with unrealized loss positions at December 31, 2023 have unrealized losses as a percentage of book value of less than five percent. A substantial portion of such securities were issued by Federal National Mortgage Association (“Fannie Mae”), Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation (“Freddie Mac”), Government National Mortgage Association (“Ginnie Mae”) and other agencies of the U.S. government or have credit ratings issued by one or more of the NRSRO entities in the four highest credit rating categories. All of the Company’s available-for-sale debt securities with unrealized loss positions at December 31, 2023 have been determined to be investment grade. The Company did not have any past due available-for-sale debt securities as of December 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively. Accrued interest receivable on available-for-sale debt securities totaled $9,319,000 and $10,518,000 at December 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively, and was excluded from the estimate of credit losses. Based on an analysis of its available-for-sale debt securities with unrealized losses as of December 31, 2023, the Company determined the decline in value was unrelated to credit losses and was primarily the result of changes in interest rates and market spreads subsequent to acquisition. The fair value of the debt securities is expected to recover as payments are received and the debt securities approach maturity. In addition, as of December 31, 2023, management determined it did not intend to sell available-for-sale debt securities with unrealized losses, and there was no expected requirement to sell such securities before recovery of their amortized cost. As a result, no ACL was recorded on available-for-sale debt securities at December 31, 2023. As part of this determination, the Company considered contractual obligations, regulatory constraints, liquidity, capital, asset/liability management and securities portfolio objectives and whether or not any of the Company’s investment securities were managed by third-party investment funds. Allowance for Credit Losses - Held-To-Maturity Debt Securities The Company measured expected credit losses on held-to-maturity debt securities on a collective basis by major security type and NRSRO credit ratings, which is the Company’s primary credit quality indicator for state and local government securities. The estimate of expected credit losses considered historical credit loss information that was adjusted for current conditions as well as reasonable and supportable forecasts. The following table summarizes the amortized cost of held-to-maturity municipal bonds aggregated by NRSRO credit rating: (Dollars in thousands) December 31, December 31, Municipal bonds held-to-maturity S&P: AAA / Moody’s: Aaa $ 427,918 430,542 S&P: AA+, AA, AA- / Moody’s: Aa1, Aa2, Aa3 1,182,894 1,206,441 S&P: A+, A, A- / Moody’s: A1, A2, A3 37,742 37,162 Not rated by either entity 1,446 8,495 Total municipal bonds held-to-maturity $ 1,650,000 1,682,640 The Company’s municipal bonds in the held-to-maturity debt securities portfolio is primarily comprised of general obligation and revenue bonds with NRSRO ratings in the four highest credit rating categories. All of the Company’s municipal bonds that are classified as held-to-maturity debt securities at December 31, 2023 have been determined to be investment grade. Held-to-maturity debt securities included in the Company’s U.S. government and federal agency and residential mortgage-backed security categories are issued and guaranteed by the U.S. Treasury, Fannie Mae, Freddie Mac, Ginnie Mae and other agencies of the U.S. government and are considered to be zero-loss securities. This determination is in consideration of the explicit and implicit guarantees by the US Government, the US Government’s ability to print its own currency, a history of no credit losses by the US Government and noted agencies and the current economic and financial condition of the United States and US Government providing no indication the zero-loss determination is unjustified . As of December 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the Company did not have any held-to-maturity debt securities past due. Accrued interest receivable on held-to-maturity debt securities totaled $16,990,000 and $17,524,000 at December 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively, and were excluded from the estimate of credit losses. Based on the Company’s evaluation, an insignificant amount of credit losses is expected on the held-to-maturity debt securities portfolio; therefore, no ACL was recorded at December 31, 2023 or December 31, 2022.

Loans Receivable, Net

Loans Receivable, Net	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023
Receivables [Abstract]
Loans Receivable, Net	Loans Receivable, Net The following table presents loans receivable for each portfolio segment of loans: (Dollars in thousands) December 31, December 31, Residential real estate $ 1,704,544 1,446,008 Commercial real estate 10,303,306 9,797,047 Other commercial 2,901,863 2,799,668 Home equity 888,013 822,232 Other consumer 400,356 381,857 Loans receivable 16,198,082 15,246,812 Allowance for credit losses (192,757) (182,283) Loans receivable, net $ 16,005,325 15,064,529 Net deferred origination (fees) costs included in loans receivable $ (25,577) (25,882) Net purchase accounting (discounts) premiums included in loans receivable $ (13,802) (17,832) Accrued interest receivable on loans $ 67,362 54,971 Substantially all of the Company’s loans receivable are with borrowers in the Company’s geographic market areas. Although the Company has a diversified loan portfolio, a substantial portion of borrowers’ ability to service their obligations is dependent upon the economic performance in the Company’s market areas. The Company had no significant purchases or sales of portfolio loans or reclassification of loans held for investment to loans held for sale during 2023 and 2022. At December 31, 2023, the Company had loans of $11,571,856,000 pledged as collateral for FHLB advances and FRB discount window. The Company is subject to regulatory limits for the amount of loans to any individual borrower and the Company is in compliance with this regulation as of December 31, 2023 and 2022. No borrower had outstanding loans or commitments exceeding 10 percent of the Company’s consolidated stockholders’ equity as of December 31, 2023. The Company has entered into transactions with its executive officers and directors and their affiliates. The aggregate amount of loans outstanding to such related parties at December 31, 2023 and 2022 was $110,707,000 and $101,637,000, respectively. During 2023, transactions included new loans to such related parties of $20,758,000, and repayments of $11,688,000. In management’s opinion, such loans were made in the ordinary course of business and were made on substantially the same terms as those prevailing at the time for comparable transaction with other persons. Allowance for Credit Losses - Loans Receivable The ACL is a valuation account that is deducted from the amortized cost basis to present the net amount expected to be collected on loans. The following tables summarize the activity in the ACL: Year ended December 31, 2023 (Dollars in thousands) Total Residential Real Estate Commercial Real Estate Other Commercial Home Equity Other Consumer Balance at beginning of period $ 182,283 19,683 125,816 21,454 10,759 4,571 Provision for credit losses 20,790 2,645 6,748 1,996 969 8,432 Charge-offs (15,095) (20) (2,080) (3,891) (129) (8,975) Recoveries 4,779 17 440 1,635 167 2,520 Balance at end of period $ 192,757 22,325 130,924 21,194 11,766 6,548 Year ended December 31, 2022 (Dollars in thousands) Total Residential Commercial Other Home Other Balance at beginning of period $ 172,665 16,458 117,901 24,703 8,566 5,037 Provision for credit losses 17,433 3,162 7,231 (704) 1,943 5,801 Charge-offs (14,970) (17) (2,171) (4,201) (85) (8,496) Recoveries 7,155 80 2,855 1,656 335 2,229 Balance at end of period $ 182,283 19,683 125,816 21,454 10,759 4,571 Year ended December 31, 2021 (Dollars in thousands) Total Residential Commercial Other Home Other Balance at beginning of period $ 158,243 9,604 86,999 49,133 8,182 4,325 Acquisitions 371 — 309 62 — — Provision for credit losses 16,380 6,517 28,996 (23,444) 186 4,125 Charge-offs (11,594) (38) (279) (4,826) (45) (6,406) Recoveries 9,265 375 1,876 3,778 243 2,993 Balance at end of period $ 172,665 16,458 117,901 24,703 8,566 5,037 During the years ended December 31, 2023, and December 31, 2022, the ACL increased primarily as a result of organic loan growth. During the year ended December 31, 2021, the ACL increased primarily as a result of the $18,056,000 provision for credit losses recorded as a result of the Alta acquisition. The sizeable charge-offs in the other consumer loan segment is driven by deposit overdraft charge-offs which typically experience high charge-off rates and the amounts were comparable to historical trends. The other segments experience routine charge-offs and recoveries, with occasional large credit relationships charge-offs and recoveries that cause fluctuations from prior periods. During the year ended December 31, 2023, there have been no significant changes to the types of collateral securing collateral-dependent loans. Aging Analysis The following tables present an aging analysis of the recorded investment in loans: December 31, 2023 (Dollars in thousands) Total Residential Commercial Other Home Other Accruing loans 30-59 days past due $ 43,455 5,342 18,134 12,745 3,006 4,228 Accruing loans 60-89 days past due 6,512 729 2,439 774 1,527 1,043 Accruing loans 90 days or more past due 3,312 107 2,161 530 283 231 Non-accrual loans with no ACL 20,722 2,562 13,680 1,869 1,966 645 Non-accrual loans with ACL 94 — — 7 — 87 Total past due and non-accrual loans 74,095 8,740 36,414 15,925 6,782 6,234 Current loans receivable 16,123,987 1,695,804 10,266,892 2,885,938 881,231 394,122 Total loans receivable $ 16,198,082 1,704,544 10,303,306 2,901,863 888,013 400,356 December 31, 2022 (Dollars in thousands) Total Residential Commercial Other Home Other Accruing loans 30-59 days past due $ 16,331 2,796 5,462 4,192 754 3,127 Accruing loans 60-89 days past due 4,636 142 2,865 297 529 803 Accruing loans 90 days or more past due 1,559 215 472 542 138 192 Non-accrual loans with no ACL 31,036 2,236 22,943 3,790 1,234 833 Non-accrual loans with ACL 115 — — 56 — 59 Total past due and non-accrual loans 53,677 5,389 31,742 8,877 2,655 5,014 Current loans receivable 15,193,135 1,440,619 9,765,305 2,790,791 819,577 376,843 Total loans receivable $ 15,246,812 1,446,008 9,797,047 2,799,668 822,232 381,857 The Company had $356,000, $1,175,000, and $660,000 of interest reversed on non-accrual loans during the year ended December 31, 2023, December 31, 2022, and December 31, 2021, respectively. Collateral-Dependent Loans A loan is considered collateral-dependent when the borrower is experiencing financial difficulty and repayment is expected to be provided substantially through the operation or sale of the collateral. The collateral on the loans is a significant portion of what secures the collateral-dependent loans and significant changes to the fair value of the collateral can impact the ACL. During 2023, there were no significant changes to collateral which secures the collateral-dependent loans, whether due to general deterioration or other reasons. The following table presents the amortized cost basis of collateral-dependent loans by collateral type: December 31, 2023 (Dollars in thousands) Total Residential Commercial Other Home Other Business assets $ 3,236 — 6 3,230 — — Residential real estate 17,578 11,099 4,317 98 1,968 96 Other real estate 21,635 35 20,598 620 25 357 Other 595 — — 15 — 580 Total $ 43,044 11,134 24,921 3,963 1,993 1,033 December 31, 2022 (Dollars in thousands) Total Residential Commercial Other Home Other Business assets $ 3,172 — 32 3,140 — — Residential real estate 5,061 2,407 990 318 1,201 145 Other real estate 33,125 49 32,333 300 75 368 Other 1,155 — — 530 — 625 Total $ 42,513 2,456 33,355 4,288 1,276 1,138 Loan Modifications Made to Borrowers Experiencing Financial Difficulty On January 1, 2023, the Company adopted FASB ASU 2022-02, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses Troubled Debt Restructurings and Vintage Disclosures, which changed the disclosures and classifications of loans previously considered TDRs. The following disclosures for loan modifications made to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty (“MBFD”) are presented in accordance with ASC Topic 310. The following tables shows the amortized cost basis at the end of the period of the loans modified to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty by segment: At or for the Year ended December 31, 2023 Term Extension and Payment Deferral Combination - Term Extension and Interest Rate Reduction (Dollars in thousands) Amortized Cost Basis % of Total Class of Financing Receivable Amortized Cost Basis % of Total Class of Financing Receivable Total Residential real estate $ 679 — % $ — — % $ 679 Commercial real estate 46,028 0.40 % 2,863 — % 48,891 Other commercial 9,218 0.30 % 1,702 0.10 % 10,920 Home equity 49 — % — — % 49 Other consumer 20 — % — — % 20 Total $ 55,994 $ 4,565 $ 60,559 The following table describes the financial effect of the modifications made to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty by segment: At or for the Year ended December 31, 2023 Weighted Average Interest Rate Reduction Weighted Average Term Extension Principal Forgiveness Residential real estate — % 1 month — Commercial real estate 0.88% 1.1 years — Other commercial 0.24% 8 months — Home equity —% 7 months — Other consumer —% 10 months $10,000 thousand The following table depicts the performance of loans that have been modified in the last twelve months by segment: December 31, 2023 (Dollars in thousands) Total Current 30-89 Days Past Due 90 Days or More Past Due Non-Accrual Residential real estate $ 679 679 — — — Commercial real estate 48,891 45,181 2,159 — 1,551 Other commercial 10,920 10,360 31 — 529 Home equity 49 — — — 49 Other consumer 20 20 — — — Total $ 60,559 56,240 2,190 — 2,129 Loans that were modified in the twelve months that had a payment default during the period had an ending balances of $2,159,000 and $37,000 at December 31, 2023, and were included in commercial real estate and other commercial loans, respectively. There were $5,361,000 of additional unfunded commitments on MBFDs outstanding at December 31, 2023. At December 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company had $98,000 and $270,000, respectively, of consumer mortgage loans secured by residential real estate properties for which formal foreclosure proceedings are in process. At December 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company had $15,000 and $0, respectively, of OREO secured by residential real estate properties. Additional Disclosures The implementation of FASB ASU 2022-02, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses Trouble Deb Restructings and Vintage Disclosures, eliminated the guidance and disclosure requirements related to TDRs. The following tables represent disclosures for the prior period that are no longer required as of January 1, 2023, but are included in this Annual Report 10-K since the Company is required to disclose comparative information with respected to restructured loans. A restructured loan was considered a TDR if the creditor, for economic or legal reasons related to the debtor’s financial difficulties, grants a concession to the debtor that it would not otherwise consider. The following tables present TDRs that occurred during the periods presented and the TDRs that occurred within the previous twelve months that subsequently defaulted during the periods presented: Year ended December 31, 2022 (Dollars in thousands) Total Residential Commercial Other Home Other TDRs that occurred during the period Number of loans 11 1 4 6 — — Pre-modification recorded balance $ 5,616 31 4,266 1,319 — — Post-modification recorded balance $ 6,346 31 4,862 1,453 — — Year ended December 31, 2021 (Dollars in thousands) Total Residential Commercial Other Home Other TDRs that occurred during the period Number of loans 12 1 5 3 1 2 Pre-modification recorded balance $ 2,442 210 1,473 554 54 151 Post-modification recorded balance $ 2,442 210 1,473 554 54 151 The modifications for the loans designated as TDRs during the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021 included one or a combination of the following: an extension of the maturity date, a reduction of the interest rate or a reduction in the principal amount. In addition to the loans designated as TDRs during the period provided in the preceding tables, the Company had TDRs with pre-modification loan balances of $1,253,000 and $1,628,000 for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively, for which OREO was received in full or partial satisfaction of the loans. The majority of such TDRs were in other commercial loan segment for the years ended December 31, 2022, and 2021. There were $437,000 of additional unfunded commitments on TDRs outstanding at December 31, 2022, respectively. The were no charge-offs on TDRs during 2022 and 2021. Credit Quality Indicators The Company categorizes commercial real estate and other commercial loans into risk categories based on relevant information about the ability of borrowers to service their obligations. The following tables present the amortized cost in commercial real estate and other commercial loans based on the Company’s internal risk rating. The date of a modification, renewal or extension of a loan is considered for the year of origination if the terms of the loan are as favorable to the Company as the terms are for a comparable loan to other borrowers with similar credit risk. December 31, 2023 (Dollars in thousands) Gross Charge-Offs Total Pass Special Mention Substandard Doubtful/ Commercial real estate loans Term loans by origination year 2023 $ 889 1,316,100 1,313,446 97 2,557 — 2022 430 2,547,939 2,520,484 12,855 14,600 — 2021 145 2,200,677 2,178,153 19,782 2,742 — 2020 — 1,130,117 1,124,525 — 5,592 — 2019 — 691,810 656,203 1,104 34,503 — Prior 616 2,129,808 2,053,011 18,818 57,948 31 Revolving loans — 286,855 285,432 1 1,421 1 Total $ 2,080 10,303,306 10,131,254 52,657 119,363 32 Other commercial loans Term loans by origination year 2023 $ 3,080 369,059 367,337 — 1,603 119 2022 406 566,295 561,567 3,319 1,408 1 2021 — 531,558 519,151 10,187 2,218 2 2020 92 245,962 240,613 — 5,347 2 2019 — 145,828 141,336 — 4,490 2 Prior 313 448,619 443,400 — 5,219 — Revolving loans — 594,542 577,953 11,977 4,612 — Total $ 3,891 2,901,863 2,851,357 25,483 24,897 126 December 31, 2022 (Dollars in thousands) Total Pass Special Mention Substandard Doubtful/ Commercial real estate loans Term loans by origination year 2022 $ 2,584,831 2,578,558 — 6,273 — 2021 2,457,790 2,454,696 — 3,094 — 2020 1,274,852 1,269,254 — 5,598 — 2019 744,634 709,246 — 35,388 — 2018 658,268 634,316 — 23,952 — Prior 1,851,965 1,787,941 1,416 62,576 32 Revolving loans 224,707 224,629 — 78 — Total $ 9,797,047 9,658,640 1,416 136,959 32 Other commercial loans Term loans by origination year 2022 $ 603,393 599,498 371 3,469 55 2021 573,273 569,542 — 2,707 1,024 2020 308,555 304,179 — 4,373 3 2019 191,498 185,748 — 5,748 2 2018 140,122 135,727 — 4,394 1 Prior 404,319 398,523 114 5,322 360 Revolving loans 578,508 567,770 — 10,604 134 Total $ 2,799,668 2,760,987 485 36,617 1,579 For residential real estate, home equity and other consumer loan segments, the Company evaluates credit quality primarily on the aging status of the loan. The following tables present the amortized cost in residential real estate, home equity and other consumer loans based on payment performance: December 31, 2023 (Dollars in thousands) Gross Charge-Offs Total Performing 30-89 Days Past Due Non-Accrual and 90 Days or More Past Due Residential real estate loans Term loans by origination year 2023 $ — 234,568 233,753 815 — 2022 5 673,782 671,196 2,586 — 2021 — 495,645 495,645 — — 2020 — 99,199 99,199 — — 2019 — 42,054 42,054 — — Prior 15 158,828 153,489 2,670 2,669 Revolving loans — 468 468 — — Total $ 20 1,704,544 1,695,804 6,071 2,669 Home equity loans Term loans by origination year 2023 $ — — — — — 2022 — 20 20 — — 2021 48 — — — — 2020 50 21 21 — — 2019 — 178 178 — — Prior 31 5,492 5,277 11 204 Revolving loans — 882,302 875,735 4,522 2,045 Total $ 129 888,013 881,231 4,533 2,249 Other consumer loans Term loans by origination year 2023 $ 7,801 139,295 137,035 2,079 181 2022 715 98,630 97,536 870 224 2021 170 62,961 62,107 805 49 2020 85 29,143 29,012 119 12 2019 73 12,335 12,279 43 13 Prior 131 17,314 16,664 173 477 Revolving loans — 40,678 39,489 1,182 7 Total $ 8,975 400,356 394,122 5,271 963 December 31, 2022 (Dollars in thousands) Total Performing 30-89 Days Past Due Non-Accrual and 90 Days or More Past Due Residential real estate loans Term loans by origination year 2022 $ 543,469 543,023 446 — 2021 552,748 551,756 992 — 2020 116,810 116,543 136 131 2019 45,055 44,604 451 — 2018 37,252 36,993 — 259 Prior 149,292 146,318 913 2,061 Revolving loans 1,382 1,382 — — Total $ 1,446,008 1,440,619 2,938 2,451 Home equity loans Term loans by origination year 2022 $ 60 60 — — 2021 77 77 — — 2020 82 82 — — 2019 225 195 — 30 2018 594 594 — — Prior 7,165 6,868 131 166 Revolving loans 814,029 811,701 1,152 1,176 Total $ 822,232 819,577 1,283 1,372 Other consumer loans Term loans by origination year 2022 $ 152,685 149,702 2,825 158 2021 94,210 93,749 421 40 2020 49,257 48,990 212 55 2019 20,432 20,166 96 170 2018 10,598 9,970 91 537 Prior 16,014 15,786 106 122 Revolving loans 38,661 38,480 179 2 Total $ 381,857 376,843 3,930 1,084

Premises and Equipment

Premises and Equipment	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023
Property, Plant and Equipment [Abstract]
Premises and Equipment	Premises and Equipment Premises and equipment, net of accumulated depreciation, consist of the following: (Dollars in thousands) December 31, 2023 December 31, 2022 Land $ 76,557 74,285 Buildings and construction in progress 344,906 306,857 Furniture, fixtures and equipment 120,096 115,370 Leasehold improvements 16,328 15,394 Accumulated depreciation (201,159) (184,851) Net premises and equipment, excluding ROU assets 356,728 327,055 ROU assets 65,063 71,045 Net premises and equipment $ 421,791 398,100 The Company capitalized interest related to assets of $913,000 and $0 for the years ended December 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022. Leases The Company leases certain land, premises and equipment from third parties. ROU assets for operating and finance leases are included in net premises and equipment other liabilities other borrowed funds December 31, 2023 December 31, 2022 (Dollars in thousands) Finance Operating Finance Operating ROU assets $ 31,222 30,254 Accumulated depreciation (6,940) (2,760) Net ROU assets $ 24,282 40,781 27,494 43,551 Lease liabilities $ 25,116 44,319 28,204 46,579 Weighted-average remaining lease term 11 years 16 years 12 years 17 years Weighted-average discount rate 3.6 % 3.7 % 3.6 % 3.6 % Maturities of lease liabilities consist of the following: December 31, 2023 (Dollars in thousands) Finance Operating Maturing within one year $ 4,685 4,623 Maturing one year through two years 4,669 4,756 Maturing two years through three years 4,679 4,580 Maturing three years through four years 4,688 4,301 Maturing four years through five years 578 3,768 Thereafter 11,135 39,043 Total lease payments 30,434 61,071 Present value of lease payments Short-term 3,847 3,078 Long-term 21,269 41,241 Total present value of lease payments 25,116 44,319 Difference between lease payments and present value of lease payments $ 5,318 16,752 The components of lease expense consist of the following: Year ended (Dollars in thousands) December 31, December 31, Finance lease cost Amortization of ROU assets 4,201 2,249 Interest on lease liabilities 958 565 Operating lease cost 5,531 5,927 Short-term lease cost 633 428 Variable lease cost 1,666 1,291 Sublease income (39) (43) Total lease expense 12,950 10,417 Supplemental cash flow information related to leases is as follows: Year ended December 31, 2023 December 31, 2022 (Dollars in thousands) Finance Operating Finance Operating Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities Operating cash flows $ 958 3,500 566 3,961 Financing cash flows 3,588 N/A 2,355 N/A ______________________________ N/A - Not applicable

Other Intangible Assets and Goo

Other Intangible Assets and Goodwill	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023
Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]
Other Intangible Assets and Goodwill	Other Intangible Assets and Goodwill The following table sets forth information regarding the Company’s core deposit intangibles: At or for the Years ended (Dollars in thousands) December 31, December 31, December 31, Gross carrying value $ 95,120 95,120 95,120 Accumulated amortization (63,250) (53,519) (42,861) Net carrying value $ 31,870 41,601 52,259 Aggregate amortization expense $ 9,731 10,658 10,271 Estimated amortization expense for the years ending December 31, 2024 $ 8,815 2025 7,611 2026 6,561 2027 5,603 2028 2,168 The following schedule discloses the changes in the carrying value of goodwill: Years ended (Dollars in thousands) December 31, December 31, December 31, Net carrying value at beginning of period $ 985,393 985,393 514,013 Acquisitions and adjustments — — 471,380 Net carrying value at end of period $ 985,393 985,393 985,393 The Company evaluates goodwill for possible impairment utilizing a control premium analysis. The analysis first calculates the market capitalization and then adjusts such value for a control premium range which results in an implied fair value. The control premium range is determined based on historical control premiums for acquisitions that are comparable to the Company and is obtained from an independent third party. The calculated implied fair value is then compared to the book value to determine whether a goodwill impairment will be recognized and the amount of the impairment. The Company performed its annual goodwill impairment test during the third quarter of 2023 and determined the fair value of the aggregated reporting units exceeded the carrying value, such that the Company’s goodwill was not considered impaired. In recognition, there were no events or circumstances that occurred during the fourth quarter of 2023 that would more-likely-than-not reduce the fair value of a reporting unit below its carrying value, the Company did not perform interim testing at December 31, 2023. Changes in the economic environment, operations of the aggregated reporting units, or other factors could result in the decline in the fair value of the aggregated reporting units which could result in a goodwill impairment in the future. Accumulated impairment charges were $40,159,000 as of December 31, 2023 and 2022.

Loan Servicing

Loan Servicing	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023
Mortgage Banking [Abstract]
Loan Servicing	Loan Servicing Mortgage loans that are serviced for others are not reported as assets, only the servicing rights are recorded and included in other assets. The following schedules disclose the change in the carrying value of mortgage servicing rights that is included in other assets, principal balances of loans serviced and the fair value of mortgage servicing rights: Years ended (Dollars in thousands) December 31, December 31, December 31, Carrying value at beginning of period $ 13,488 12,839 8,976 Acquisitions — — 1,354 Additions 434 2,461 4,435 Amortization (1,388) (1,812) (1,926) Carrying value at end of period $ 12,534 13,488 12,839 Principal balances of loans serviced for others $ 1,570,834 1,661,294 1,639,058 Fair value of servicing rights $ 18,000 19,716 16,938

Variable Interest Entities

Variable Interest Entities	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023
Equity Method Investments and Joint Ventures [Abstract]
Variable Interest Entities	Variable Interest Entities A VIE is a partnership, limited liability company, trust or other legal entity that meets one of the following criteria: 1) the entity’s equity investment at risk is not sufficient to permit the entity to finance its activities without additional subordinated financial support from other parties; 2) the holders of the equity investment at risk, as a group, lack the characteristics of a controlling financial interest; and 3) the voting rights of some holders of the equity investment at risk are disproportionate to their obligation to absorb losses or receive returns, and substantially all of the activities are conducted on behalf of the holder of equity investment at risk with disproportionately few voting rights. A VIE must be consolidated by the Company if it is deemed to be the primary beneficiary, which is the party involved with the VIE that has both: 1) the power to direct the activities of the VIE that most significantly affect the VIE’s economic performance; and 2) the obligation to absorb the losses of the VIE that could potentially be significant to the VIE or the right to receive benefits from the VIE that could potentially be significant to the VIE. The Company’s VIEs are regularly monitored to determine if any reconsideration events have occurred that could cause the primary beneficiary status to change. A previously unconsolidated VIE is consolidated when the Company becomes the primary beneficiary. A previously consolidated VIE is deconsolidated when the Company ceases to be the primary beneficiary or the entity is no longer a VIE. Consolidated Variable Interest Entities The Company has equity investments in Certified Development Entities (“CDE”) which have received allocations of New Markets Tax Credits (“NMTC”). The NMTC program provides federal tax incentives to investors to make investments in distressed communities and promotes economic improvements through the development of successful businesses in these communities. The NMTC is available to investors over seven years and is subject to recapture if certain events occur during such period. The maximum exposure to loss in the CDEs is the amount of equity invested and credit extended by the Company. However, the Company has credit protection in the form of indemnification agreements, guarantees, and collateral arrangements. The Company has evaluated the variable interests held by the Company in each CDE (NMTC) investment and determined the Company does not individually meet the characteristics of a primary beneficiary; however, the related party group does meet the criteria as a group and substantially all of the activities of the CDEs either involve or are conducted on behalf of the Company. As a result, the Company is the primary beneficiary of the CDEs and their assets, liabilities, and results of operations are included in the Company’s consolidated financial statements. The primary activities of the CDEs are recognized in commercial loans interest income and other borrowed funds interest expense on the Company’s statements of operations and the federal income tax credit allocations from the investments are recognized in the Company’s statements of operations as a component of income tax expense. Such related cash flows are recognized in loans originated, principal collected on loans and change in other borrowed funds. The Bank is also the sole member of certain tax credit funds that make direct investments in qualified affordable housing projects (e.g., Low-Income Housing Tax Credit [“LIHTC”] partnerships). As such, the Company is the primary beneficiary of these tax credit funds and their assets, liabilities, and results of operations are included in the Company’s consolidated financial statements. The following table summarizes the carrying amounts of the consolidated VIEs’ assets and liabilities included in the Company’s statements of financial condition and are adjusted for intercompany eliminations. All assets presented can be used only to settle obligations of the consolidated VIEs and all liabilities presented consist of liabilities for which creditors and other beneficial interest holders therein have no recourse to the general credit of the Company. (Dollars in thousands) December 31, December 31, Assets Loans receivable $ 136,527 134,603 Accrued interest receivable 376 370 Other assets 48,924 48,136 Total assets $ 185,827 183,109 Liabilities Other borrowed funds $ 56,578 49,089 Accrued interest payable 242 274 Other liabilities 182 179 Total liabilities $ 57,002 49,542 Unconsolidated Variable Interest Entities The Company has equity investments in LIHTC partnerships, both directly and through tax credit funds, with carrying values of $83,962,000 and $72,918,000 as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. The LIHTCs are indirect federal subsidies to finance low-income housing and are used in connection with both newly constructed and renovated residential rental buildings. Once a project is placed in service, it is generally eligible for the tax credit for ten years. To continue generating the tax credit and to avoid tax credit recapture, a LIHTC building must satisfy specific low-income housing compliance rules for a full fifteen years. The maximum exposure to loss in the VIEs is the amount of equity invested and credit extended by the Company. However, the Company has credit protection in the form of indemnification agreements, guarantees, and collateral arrangements. The Company has evaluated the variable interests held by the Company in each LIHTC investment and determined that the Company does not have controlling financial interests in such investments and is not the primary beneficiary. The Company reports the investments in the unconsolidated LIHTCs as other assets on the Company’s statements of financial condition. There were no impairment losses on the Company’s LIHTC investments during the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021. Future unfunded contingent equity commitments related to the Company’s LIHTC investments at December 31, 2023 are as follows: (Dollars in thousands) Amount Years ending December 31, 2024 $ 55,849 2025 34,066 2026 10,661 2027 355 2028 287 Thereafter 2,337 Total $ 103,555 The Company has elected to use the proportional amortization method, and more specifically, the practical expedient method, for the amortization of all eligible LIHTC investments and amortization expense is recognized as a component of income tax expense. The following table summarizes the amortization expense and the amount of tax credits and other tax benefits recognized for qualified affordable housing project investments during the periods presented. Years ended (Dollars in thousands) December 31, 2023 December 31, 2022 December 31, Amortization expense $ 15,178 11,360 8,671 Tax credits and other tax benefits recognized 19,908 15,389 12,264 The Company also owns the following trust subsidiaries, each of which issued trust preferred securities as capital instruments: Glacier Capital Trust II, Glacier Capital Trust III, Glacier Capital Trust IV, Citizens (ID) Statutory Trust I, Bank of the San Juans Bancorporation Trust I, First Company Statutory Trust 2001, First Company Statutory Trust 2003, FNB (UT) Statutory Trust I and FNB (UT) Statutory Trust II. The trust subsidiaries have no assets, operations, revenues or cash flows other than those related to the issuance, administration and repayment of the securities held by third parties. The trust subsidiaries are not included in the Company’s consolidated financial statements because the sole asset of each trust subsidiary is a receivable from the Company, even though the Company owns all of the voting equity shares of the trust subsidiaries, has fully guaranteed the obligations of the trust subsidiaries and may have the right to redeem the third party securities under certain circumstances. The Company reports the trust preferred securities issued to the trust subsidiaries as subordinated debentures on the Company’s statements of financial condition. For additional information on the Company’s investments in trust subsidiaries, see Note 10.

Deposits

Deposits	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023
Deposits [Abstract]
Deposits	Deposits Time deposits that meet or exceed the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation Insurance (“FDIC”) limit of $250,000 at December 31, 2023 and 2022 were $1,227,607,000 and $243,219,000, respectively. The scheduled maturities of time deposits are as follows and includes $0 of whole sale deposits as of December 31, 2023: (Dollars in thousands) Amount Years ending December 31, 2024 $ 2,712,004 2025 138,299 2026 33,770 2027 18,684 2028 12,636 Thereafter — $ 2,915,393

Borrowings

Borrowings	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023
Debt Disclosure [Abstract]
Borrowings	Borrowings The Company’s repurchase agreements totaled $1,486,850,000 and $945,916,000 at December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively, and are secured by debt securities with carrying values of $1,800,829,000 and $1,378,962,000, respectively. Securities are pledged to customers at the time of the transaction in an amount at least equal to the outstanding balance and are held in custody accounts by third parties. The fair value of collateral is continually monitored and additional collateral is provided as deemed appropriate. The following tables summarize the carrying value of the Company’s repurchase agreements by remaining contractual maturity and category of collateral: December 31, 2023 December 31, 2022 Remaining Contractual Maturity of the Agreements (Dollars in thousands) Overnight and Continuous U.S. government and federal agency $ 113,509 — Residential mortgage-backed securities 1,306,047 945,916 Commercial mortgage-backed securities 67,294 — Total $ 1,486,850 945,916 FHLB advances are collateralized by specifically pledged loans and debt securities, FHLB stock owned by the Company, and a blanket assignment of the unpledged qualifying loans and investments. There were no borrowings from FHLB at December 31, 2023. The Company had FHLB borrowings of $1,800,000,000 at December 31, 2022, with scheduled maturities within one year and a weighted fixed rate of 4.54%. FRB term borrowings are collateralized by debt securities. At December 31, 2023, the Company had $2,740,000,000, with scheduled maturities of March 2024 and a weighted fixed rate of 4.38%. The FRB term borrowings will mature in March of 2024 and in anticipation of the maturity, the Company committed to borrow $1,800,000,000 in FHLB advances which will fund the majority of the FRB term borrowing. The FHLB committed funds will mature between March of 2025 and March of 2026 at a weighted rate of 4.75%. The Company’s other borrowings consisted of finance lease liabilities and other debt obligations through consolidation of certain VIEs. At December 31, 2023, the Company had $565,000,000 in unsecured lines of credit which are typically renewed on an annual basis with various correspondent entities.

Subordinated Debentures

Subordinated Debentures	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023
Debt Instruments [Abstract]
Subordinated Debentures	Subordinated Debentures The Company’s subordinated debentures are reflected in the table below. The amounts include fair value adjustments from acquisitions. December 31, 2023 Rate Structure Maturity (Dollars in thousands) Balance Rate 1 Subordinated debentures owed to trust subsidiaries First Company Statutory Trust 2001 $ 3,647 8.945 % 3 month CME Term SOFR plus 3.30% 07/31/2031 First Company Statutory Trust 2003 2,676 8.872 % 3 month CME Term SOFR plus 3.25% 03/26/2033 Glacier Capital Trust II 46,393 8.405 % 3 month CME Term SOFR plus 2.75% 04/07/2034 Citizens (ID) Statutory Trust I 5,155 8.289 % 3 month CME Term SOFR plus 2.65% 06/17/2034 Glacier Capital Trust III 36,083 6.945 % 3 month CME Term SOFR plus 1.29% 04/07/2036 Glacier Capital Trust IV 30,928 7.216 % 3 month CME Term SOFR plus 1.57% 09/15/2036 Bank of the San Juans Bancorporation Trust I 2,112 7.459 % 3 month CME Term SOFR plus 1.82% 03/01/2037 FNB (UT) Statutory Trust I 4,124 8.722 % 3 month CME Term SOFR plus 3.10% 06/26/2033 FNB (UT) Statutory Trust II 1,825 7.366 % 3 month CME Term SOFR plus 1.72% 12/15/2036 Total subordinated debentures owed to trust subsidiaries $ 132,943 _____________________________ 1 This is the paid rate on the subordinated debentures which excludes the impact from the interest rate cap derivatives. For additional information relating to interest rate cap derivatives, see Note 11 . Subordinated Debentures Owed to Trust Subsidiaries Trust preferred securities were issued by the Company’s trust subsidiaries, the common stock of which is wholly-owned by the Company, in conjunction with the Company issuing subordinated debentures to the trust subsidiaries. The terms of the subordinated debentures are the same as the terms of the trust preferred securities. The Company guaranteed the payment of distributions and payments for redemption or liquidation of the trust preferred securities to the extent of funds held by the trust subsidiaries. The obligations of the Company under the subordinated debentures together with the guarantee and other back-up obligations, in the aggregate, constitute a full and unconditional guarantee by the Company of the obligations of all trusts under the trust preferred securities. The trust preferred securities are subject to mandatory redemption upon repayment of the subordinated debentures at their stated maturity date or the earlier redemption in an amount equal to their liquidation amount plus accumulated and unpaid distributions to the date of redemption. Interest distributions are payable quarterly. The Company may defer the payment of interest at any time for a period not exceeding 20 consecutive quarters provided that the deferral period does not extend past the stated maturity. During any such deferral period, distributions on the trust preferred securities will also be deferred and the Company’s ability to pay dividends on its common shares will be restricted. Subject to prior approval by the FRB, the trust preferred securities may be redeemed at par prior to maturity at the Company’s option on or after the redemption date. All of the Company’s trust preferred securities have reached the redemption date and could be redeemed at the Company’s option. The trust preferred securities may also be redeemed at any time in whole (but not in part) for the Trusts in the event of unfavorable changes in laws or regulations that result in 1) subsidiary trusts becoming subject to federal income tax on income received on the subordinated debentures; 2) interest payable by the Company on the subordinated debentures becoming non-deductible for federal tax purposes; 3) the requirement for the trusts to register under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended; or 4) loss of the ability to treat the trust preferred securities as Tier 1 capital under the FRB capital adequacy guidelines. Provisions of the Dodd-Frank Act require that if a depository institution holding company exceeds $15 billion due to an acquisition, then trust preferred securities are to be excluded from Tier 1 capital beginning in the period in which the transaction occurred. During 2020, the Company’s acquisition of SBAZ on February 29, 2020, resulted in total consolidated assets exceeding $15 billion; accordingly the trust preferred securities were included in Tier 2 capital instead of Tier 1 beginning in 2020.

Derivatives and Hedging Activit

Derivatives and Hedging Activities	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023
Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities Disclosure [Abstract]
Derivatives and Hedging Activities	Derivatives and Hedging Activities Cash Flow Hedges Interest Rate Cap Derivatives. During 2020, the Company purchased interest rate caps designated as cash flow hedges with notional amounts totaling $130,500,000 on its variable rate subordinated debentures and were determined to be fully effective during the year ended December 31, 2023. The interest rate caps require receipt of variable amounts from the counterparty when interest rates rise above the strike price in the contracts. The strike prices in the five year term contracts range from 1.5 percent to 2 percent. The variable rate is based on 90 days of compounded overnight SOFR plus a spread of 0.26161 percent. At December 31, 2023, and 2022 the interest rate caps had a fair value of $4,990,000 and $7,757,000, respectively, and were reported as other assets on the Company’s statements of financial condition. Amortization recorded on the interest rate caps totaled $168,000 and $168,000, respectively, and was reported as a component of interest expense on subordinated debentures for the years ended December 31, 2023, and 2022, respectively. The effect of cash flow hedge accounting on OCI for the periods ending December 31, 2023, 2022, and 2021 was as follows: Years ended (Dollars in thousands) December 31, December 31, December 31, Amount of gain recognized in OCI $ 2,006 7,809 901 Amount of gain reclassified from OCI to interest expense 4,605 817 — Fair Value Hedges Interest Rate Swap Agreements - During 2023, the Company entered into fair value hedges for a closed pool of fixed rate debt securities. The instruments are designated as fair value hedges as the changes in the fair value of the interest rate swap are expected to offset changes in the fair value of the hedged item attributable to changes in the compounded overnight SOFR rate, the designated benchmark interest rate. These derivative contracts involve the receipt of floating rate interest from a counterparty in exchange for the Company making fixed-rate payments over the life of the contract, without the exchange of the underlying notional value. The following tables present the notional and estimated fair value amount of derivative positions outstanding at December 31, 2023: Weighted Average (Dollars in thousands) Notional Amount Asset Derivative Liability Derivative Remaining Maturity Receive Rate Pay Rate Interest rate swap - securities $ 1,500,000 $ — $ 17,988 2.1 years SOFR 4.63 % The following amounts were recorded on the balance sheet related to cumulative basis adjustments for fair value hedges at December 31, 2023: (Dollars in thousands) Amortized cost of the Hedged Assets/Liabilities Amortized Cost of Fair Value Hedging Adjustment Included in the Carrying Amount of the Hedged Assets/Liabilities Line item on the balance sheet December 31, December 31, Investment securities available-for-sale $ 3,807,239 $ (17,988) The effects of the fair value hedge relationships on the income statement during the the year ended December 31, 2023 were as follows: Years ended (Dollars in thousands) Location of Gain (Loss) 2023 Interest rate swap Interest income on investment securities $ 1,607 AFS debt securities Interest income on investment securities (1,607) Residential Real Estate Derivatives The Company enters into residential real estate derivatives for commitments (“interest rate locks”) to fund certain residential real estate loans to be sold into the secondary market. At December 31, 2023 and 2022, loan commitments with interest rate lock commitments totaled $22,738,000 and $28,910,000, respectively. At December 31, 2023 and 2022, the fair value of the related derivatives on the interest rate lock commitments was $604,000 and $362,000, respectively, and was included in other assets with corresponding changes recorded in gain on sale of loans. The Company enters into free-standing derivatives to mitigate interest rate risk for most residential real estate loans to be sold. These derivatives include forward commitments to sell to-be-announced (“TBA”) securities which are used to economically hedge the interest rate risk associated with such loans and unfunded commitments. At December 31, 2023 and 2022, TBA commitments were $22,000,000 and $21,000,000, respectively. At December 31, 2023 and 2022, the fair value of the related derivatives on the TBA securities was $350,000 and $188,000, respectively, and was included in other liabilities with corresponding changes recorded in gain on sale of loans. The Company does not enter into a commitment to sell these loans to an investor until the loan is funded and is ready to be delivered to the investor. Due to the forward sales commitments being short-term in nature, the corresponding derivatives are not significant. For all other residential real estate loans to be sold, the Company enters into “best efforts” forward sales commitments for the future delivery of loans to third party investors when interest rate lock commitments are entered into in order to economically hedge the effect of changes in interest rates resulting from its commitments to fund the loans. Forward sales commitments on a “best efforts” basis are not designated in hedge relationships until the loan is funded.

Regulatory Capital

Regulatory Capital	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023
Banking and Thrift, Interest [Abstract]
Regulatory Capital	Regulatory Capital The Federal Reserve adopted capital adequacy guidelines that are used to assess the adequacy of capital in supervising a bank holding company. The guidelines require the Company to hold a 2.5 percent capital conservation buffer designed to absorb losses during periods of economic stress. The Company has elected to opt-out of the requirement to include accumulated other comprehensive income. As of December 31, 2023, management believes the Company and Bank meet all capital adequacy requirements to which they are subject. Prompt corrective action regulations provide the following classifications: well capitalized, adequately capitalized, undercapitalized, significantly undercapitalized and critically undercapitalized. If undercapitalized, capital distributions (including payment of a dividend) are generally restricted, as is paying management fees to its bank holding company. Failure to meet minimum capital requirements set forth in the table below can initiate certain mandatory and possible additional discretionary actions by regulators that, if undertaken, could have a direct material effect on the Company’s and Bank’s financial condition. The Company’s and Bank’s capital amounts and classification are also subject to qualitative judgments by the regulators about components, risk weightings and other factors. At December 31, 2023 and 2022, the most recent regulatory notifications categorized the Company and Bank as well capitalized under the regulatory framework for prompt corrective action. To be well capitalized, the Bank must maintain minimum total capital, Tier 1 capital, Common Tier 1 capital and Tier 1 Leverage ratios as set forth in the table below. There are no conditions or events since December 31, 2023 that management believes have changed the Company’s or Bank’s risk-based capital category. Current guidance from the Federal Reserve provides, among other things, that dividends per share on the Company’s common stock generally should not exceed earnings per share, measured over the previous four fiscal quarters. In certain circumstances, Montana law also places limits or restrictions on a bank’s ability to declare and pay dividends. The following tables illustrate the FRB’s adequacy guidelines and the Company’s and the Bank’s compliance with those guidelines: December 31, 2023 Actual Required for Capital Adequacy Purposes To Be Well Capitalized (Dollars in thousands) Amount Ratio Amount Ratio Amount Ratio Total capital (to risk-weighted assets) Consolidated $ 2,724,988 14.61 % $ 1,492,211 8.00 % N/A N/A Glacier Bank 2,621,674 14.07 % 1,490,668 8.00 % $ 1,863,335 10.00 % Tier 1 capital (to risk-weighted assets) Consolidated 2,397,716 12.85 % 1,119,158 6.00 % N/A N/A Glacier Bank 2,424,902 13.01 % 1,118,001 6.00 % 1,490,668 8.00 % Common Equity Tier 1 (to risk-weighted assets) Consolidated 2,397,716 12.85 % 839,369 4.50 % N/A N/A Glacier Bank 2,424,902 13.00 % 838,501 4.50 % 1,211,168 6.50 % Tier 1 capital (to average assets) Consolidated 2,397,716 8.71 % 1,101,349 4.00 % N/A N/A Glacier Bank 2,424,902 8.81 % 1,100,600 4.00 % 1,375,750 5.00 % December 31, 2022 Actual Required for Capital Adequacy Purposes To Be Well Capitalized (Dollars in thousands) Amount Ratio Amount Ratio Amount Ratio Total capital (to risk-weighted assets) Consolidated $ 2,629,557 14.02 % $ 1,500,096 8.00 % N/A N/A Glacier Bank 2,544,147 13.58 % 1,498,264 8.00 % $ 1,872,830 10.00 % Tier 1 capital (to risk-weighted assets) Consolidated 2,314,322 12.34 % 1,125,072 6.00 % N/A N/A Glacier Bank 2,359,412 12.60 % 1,123,698 6.00 % 1,498,264 8.00 % Common Equity Tier 1 (to risk-weighted assets) Consolidated 2,314,322 12.34 % 843,804 4.50 % N/A N/A Glacier Bank 2,359,412 12.60 % 842,774 4.50 % 1,217,340 6.50 % Tier 1 capital (to average assets) Consolidated 2,314,322 8.79 % 1,053,214 4.00 % N/A N/A Glacier Bank 2,359,412 8.97 % 1,052,136 4.00 % 1,315,169 5.00 % ______________________________ N/A - Not applicable

Stock-based Compensation Plan

Stock-based Compensation Plan	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023
Share-Based Payment Arrangement [Abstract]
Stock-based Compensation Plan	Stock-based Compensation Plan The Company’s stock-based compensation plan, The 2015 Stock Incentive Plan, provides incentives and awards to select employees and directors of the Company and permits the granting of stock options, share appreciation rights, restricted shares, restricted share units, unrestricted shares and performance awards. At December 31, 2023, the number of shares available to award to employees and directors under the 2015 Stock Incentive Plan was 1,472,284. Restricted Stock Units The Company has awarded restricted stock units to select employees and directors under the 2015 Stock Incentive Plan. Common stock is issued as vesting restrictions lapse, which may be immediately or according to the terms of a vesting schedule. Restricted stock units may not be sold, pledged or otherwise transferred until restrictions have lapsed. The recipient does not have the right to vote or to receive dividends until the restricted stock unit has vested. The fair value of the restricted stock unit is the closing price of the Company’s common stock on the award date. Compensation expense related to restricted stock units for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021 was $7,895,000, $6,756,000 and $5,342,000, respectively, and the recognized income tax benefit related to this expense was $1,976,000, $1,707,000 and $1,350,000, respectively. As of December 31, 2023, total unrecognized compensation expense of $8,211,000 related to restricted stock units is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 1.8 years. The fair value of restricted stock units that vested during the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021 was $7,410,000, $5,624,000 and $4,535,000, respectively, and the income tax benefit related to these awards was $1,691,000, $1,585,000 and $1,369,000, respectively. Upon vesting of restricted stock units, the shares are issued from the Company’s authorized stock balance. The following table summarizes the restricted stock unit activity for the year ended December 31, 2023: Restricted Weighted- Non-vested at December 31, 2022 258,199 $ 51.89 Granted 172,707 47.24 Vested (148,809) 49.79 Forfeited (5,114) 50.26 Non-vested at December 31, 2023 276,983 50.14 The average remaining contractual term on non-vested restricted stock units at December 31, 2023 is 0.9 years. The aggregate intrinsic value of the non-vested restricted stock units at December 31, 2023 was $11,445,000.

Employee Benefit Plans

Employee Benefit Plans	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023
Retirement Benefits [Abstract]
Employee Benefit Plans	Employee Benefit Plans The Company provides its qualified employees with a comprehensive benefit program, including health, dental and vision insurance, life and accident insurance, short- and long-term disability coverage, paid time off, Profit Sharing and 401(k) Plan, stock-based compensation plan, deferred compensation plans, and supplemental executive retirement plan (“SERP”). The Company has elected to self-insure certain costs related to employee health, dental and vision benefit programs. Costs resulting from non-insured losses are expensed as incurred. The Company has purchased insurance that limits its exposure on an individual claim basis for the employee health benefit programs. Profit Sharing and 401(k) Plan The Company’s Profit Sharing and 401(k) Plan have safe harbor and employer discretionary components. To be eligible to participate in the plan, an employee must be at least 18 years of age and employed for a full three months. Employees are eligible to participate in the 401(k) plan the first day of the month once they have met the eligibility requirements. To be considered eligible for the employer discretionary contribution of the profit sharing plan, an employee must be 18 years of age, worked one full calendar quarter, worked 501 hours in the plan year and be employed as of the last day of the plan year. Participants are at all times fully vested in all contributions. The profit sharing plan contributions consists of a 3 percent non-elective safe harbor contribution fully funded by the Company and an employer discretionary contribution. The employer discretionary contribution depends on the Company’s profitability. The total profit sharing plan expense for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022, and 2021 was $13,409,000, $23,588,000 and $20,421,000, respectively. The 401(k) plan allows eligible employees under the age of 50 to contribute up to 60 percent, and those 50 and older to contribute up to 100 percent of their eligible annual compensation up to the limit set annually by the Internal Revenue Service (“IRS”). The Company matches an amount equal to 50 percent of the first 6 percent of an employee’s contribution. The Company’s contribution to the 401(k) plan for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021 was $6,074,000, $6,247,000, and $5,267,000, respectively. Deferred Compensation Plans The Company has non-funded deferred compensation plans for directors, eligible employees and certain nonemployee service providers. The plans provide for participants’ elective deferral of cash payments of up to 50 percent of a participants’ salary and 100 percent of bonuses and directors fees. As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, the liability related to the plans was $11,014,000 and $9,159,000, respectively, and was included in other liabilities. The total amount deferred for the plans was $1,860,000, $1,317,000, and $1,137,000, for the years ending December 31, 2023, 2022, and 2021, respectively. The participant receives an earnings credit at a rate equal to 50 percent of the Company’s return on average equity. Total expense for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022, and 2021 for the plans was $374,000, $443,000 and $470,000, respectively. In connection with several acquisitions, the Company assumed the obligations of deferred compensation plans for certain key employees. As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, the liability related to the acquired plans was $17,931,000 and $18,415,000, respectively, and was included in other liabilities. Total expense for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022, and 2021 for the acquired plans was $1,062,000, $1,444,000 and $1,094,000, respectively. Supplemental Executive Retirement Plan The Company has SERP which is intended to supplement payments due to participants upon retirement under the Company’s other qualified plans. The Company credits the participant’s account on an annual basis for an amount equal to employer contributions that would have otherwise been allocated to the participant’s account under the tax-qualified plans were it not for limitations imposed by the IRS or the participation in the non-funded deferred compensation plan. Eligible employees include participants of the non-funded deferred compensation plan and employees whose benefits were limited as a result of IRS regulations. As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, the liability related to the SERP was $5,483,000 and $4,665,000, respectively, and was included in other liabilities. The Company’s required contribution to the SERP for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021 was $643,000, $950,000, and $858,000, respectively. The participant receives an earnings credit at a rate equal to 50 percent of the Company’s return on average equity. Total expense for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022, and 2021 for the SERP was $267,000, $159,000, and $164,000, respectively.

Other Expenses

Other Expenses	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023
Other Expenses [Abstract]
Other Expenses	Other Expenses Other expenses consists of the following: Years ended (Dollars in thousands) December 31, December 31, December 31, Consulting and outside services $ 16,947 15,719 11,297 Debit card expenses 12,189 9,317 5,722 Loan expenses 8,135 7,688 7,438 VIE amortization and other expenses 7,333 7,229 6,323 Employee expenses 6,227 5,811 3,527 Telephone 6,109 6,577 5,631 Business development 5,630 5,893 5,250 Postage 4,300 4,095 3,681 Printing and supplies 3,130 4,026 3,334 Checking and operating expenses 2,781 2,284 2,020 Accounting and audit fees 1,956 2,005 1,538 Legal fees 1,490 2,210 1,391 Mergers and acquisition expenses 1,300 9,957 9,830 Loss (gain) on dispositions of fixed assets 160 (3,047) (950) Other 9,301 7,754 4,577 Total other expenses $ 86,988 87,518 70,609

Federal and State Income Taxes

Federal and State Income Taxes	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]
Federal and State Income Taxes	Federal and State Income Taxes The following table is a summary of consolidated income tax expense: Years ended (Dollars in thousands) December 31, December 31, December 31, Current Federal $ 27,626 42,951 51,180 State 16,548 21,950 22,596 Total current income tax expense 44,174 64,901 73,776 Deferred 1 Federal 404 1,712 (7,151) State 103 465 (1,944) Total deferred income tax expense (benefit) 507 2,177 (9,095) Total income tax expense $ 44,681 67,078 64,681 ______________________________ 1 Includes tax benefit of operating loss carryforwards of $313,000, $315,000, and $315,000 for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022, and 2021, respectively. Combined federal and state income tax expense differs from that computed at the federal statutory corporate income tax rate as follows: Years ended December 31, December 31, December 31, Federal statutory rate 21.0 % 21.0 % 21.0 % State taxes, net of federal income tax benefit 4.9 % 4.8 % 4.7 % Tax-exempt interest income (4.3 %) (4.4 %) (4.2 %) Tax credits (5.6 %) (2.8 %) (4.8 %) Other, net 0.7 % (0.5 %) 1.8 % Effective income tax rate 16.7 % 18.1 % 18.5 % The tax effect of temporary differences which give rise to a significant portion of deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities are as follows: (Dollars in thousands) December 31, December 31, Deferred tax assets Available-for-sale debt securities $ 124,533 157,381 Allowance for credit losses 53,074 52,445 Operating lease liabilities 11,093 11,871 Employee benefits 9,465 11,024 Deferred compensation 8,690 8,211 Interest rate swaps 4,502 — Acquisition fair market value adjustments 3,606 4,932 Transferred debt securities 1,601 3,017 Net operating loss carryforwards 919 1,253 Other 4,112 2,376 Total gross deferred tax assets 221,595 252,510 Deferred tax liabilities Depreciation of premises and equipment (17,728) (17,091) Operating lease ROU assets (10,207) (11,004) Deferred loan costs (10,103) (10,083) Intangibles (6,014) (8,212) Debt securities fair value hedge (4,502) — Mortgage servicing rights (3,137) (3,408) Other (10,834) (9,525) Total gross deferred tax liabilities (62,525) (59,323) Net deferred tax asset $ 159,070 193,187 The Company has federal net operating loss carryforwards of $2,843,000 expiring between 2024 and 2036. The Company has Colorado net operating loss carryforwards of $7,993,000 expiring between 2026 and 2037. The net operating loss carryforwards originated from acquisitions. The Company and the Bank file consolidated income tax returns for the federal jurisdiction and several states that require consolidated income tax returns. Wyoming, Washington and Nevada do not impose a corporate income tax. All required income tax returns have been timely filed. The following schedule summarizes the years that remain subject to examination as of December 31, 2023: Years ended December 31, Federal 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2016, 2020, 2021 and 2022 Colorado 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012, 2019, 2020, 2021 and 2022 Arizona, California, Kentucky, Michigan, Minnesota, New Jersey, Texas, & Wisconsin 2019, 2020, 2021 and 2022 Alabama, Alaska, Arkansas, Connecticut, Florida, Georgia, Idaho, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Louisiana, Maryland, Massachusetts, Mississippi, Missouri, Montana, New York, North Carolina, North Dakota, Oregon, Pennsylvania, South Carolina, Tennessee, Utah, & Virginia 2020, 2021 and 2022 Hawaii, New Hampshire, New Mexico, Oklahoma 2021 and 2022 The Company had no unrecognized income tax benefits as of December 31, 2023 and 2022. The Company recognizes interest related to unrecognized income tax benefits in interest expense and penalties are recognized in other expense. Interest expense and penalties recognized with respect to income tax liabilities for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022, and 2021 was not significant. The Company had no accrued liabilities for the payment of interest or penalties at December 31, 2023 and 2022. The Company has assessed the need for a valuation allowance and determined that a valuation allowance was not necessary at December 31, 2023 and 2022. The Company believes that it is more-likely-than-not that the Company’s deferred tax assets will be realizable by offsetting future taxable income from reversing taxable temporary differences and anticipated future taxable income (exclusive of reversing temporary differences). In its assessment, the Company considered its strong earnings history, no history of income tax credit carryforwards expiring unused, and no expected future net operating losses (for tax purposes).

Accumulated Other Comprehensive

Accumulated Other Comprehensive (Loss) Income	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023
Equity [Abstract]
Accumulated Other Comprehensive (Loss) Income	Accumulated Other Comprehensive (Loss) Income The following table illustrates the activity within accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income by component, net of tax: (Dollars in thousands) (Losses) Gains on Available-For-Sale and Transferred Debt Securities (Losses) Gains on Derivatives Used for Cash Flow Hedges Total Balance at January 1, 2021 $ 143,443 (353) 143,090 Other comprehensive (loss) income before reclassifications (113,161) 674 (112,487) Reclassification adjustments for gains and transfers included in net income (590) — (590) Reclassification adjustments for amortization included in net income for transferred securities (2,654) — (2,654) Net current period other comprehensive (loss) income (116,405) 674 (115,731) Balance at December 31, 2021 $ 27,038 321 27,359 Other comprehensive (loss) income before reclassifications (502,611) 5,836 (496,775) Reclassification adjustments for gains and transfers included in net income (999) (611) (1,610) Reclassification adjustments for amortization included in net income for transferred securities 2,234 — 2,234 Net current period other comprehensive (loss) income (501,376) 5,225 (496,151) Balance at December 31, 2022 $ (474,338) 5,546 (468,792) Other comprehensive income before reclassifications 92,391 1,521 93,912 Reclassification adjustments for gains and transfers included in net income 24 (3,452) (3,428) Reclassifications adjustments for amortization included in net income for transferred securities 4,195 — 4,195 Net current period other comprehensive income (loss) 96,610 (1,931) 94,679 Balance at December 31, 2023 $ (377,728) 3,615 (374,113)

Earnings Per Share

Earnings Per Share	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023
Earnings Per Share [Abstract]
Earnings Per Share	Earnings Per Share Basic earnings per share is computed by dividing net income by the weighted-average number of shares of common stock outstanding during the period presented. Diluted earnings per share is computed by including the net increase in shares as if dilutive outstanding restricted stock units were vested and stock options were exercised, using the treasury stock method. Basic and diluted earnings per share has been computed based on the following: Years ended (Dollars in thousands, except per share data) December 31, December 31, December 31, Net income available to common stockholders, basic and diluted $ 222,927 303,202 284,757 Average outstanding shares - basic 110,864,501 110,757,473 99,313,255 Add: dilutive restricted stock units and stock options 25,946 70,460 84,995 Average outstanding shares - diluted 110,890,447 110,827,933 99,398,250 Basic earnings per share $ 2.01 2.74 2.87 Diluted earnings per share $ 2.01 2.74 2.86 Restricted stock units and stock options excluded from the diluted average outstanding share calculation 1 223,626 8,642 194 ______________________________ 1 Anti-dilution occurs when the unrecognized compensation cost per share of a restricted stock unit or the exercise price of a stock option exceeds the market price of the Company’s stock.

Parent Holding Company Informat

Parent Holding Company Information (Condensed)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023
Condensed Financial Information Disclosure [Abstract]
Parent Holding Company Information (Condensed)	Parent Holding Company Information (Condensed) The following condensed financial information was the unconsolidated information for the parent holding company: Condensed Statements of Financial Condition (Dollars in thousands) December 31, December 31, Assets Cash on hand and in banks $ 15,499 18,491 Interest bearing cash deposits 85,319 57,193 Cash and cash equivalents 100,818 75,684 Other assets 18,206 26,864 Investment in subsidiaries 3,043,852 2,882,849 Total assets $ 3,162,876 2,985,397 Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity Dividends payable $ 579 540 Subordinated debentures 132,943 132,782 Other liabilities 9,073 8,770 Total liabilities 142,595 142,092 Common stock 1,109 1,108 Paid-in capital 2,350,104 2,344,005 Retained earnings 1,043,181 966,984 Accumulated other comprehensive loss (374,113) (468,792) Total stockholders’ equity 3,020,281 2,843,305 Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity $ 3,162,876 2,985,397 Condensed Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income Years ended (Dollars in thousands) December 31, December 31, December 31, Income Dividends from subsidiaries $ 175,000 123,000 207,000 Intercompany charges for services 2,271 2,880 2,654 Other income 1,444 401 500 Total income 178,715 126,281 210,154 Expenses Compensation and employee benefits 6,552 7,003 6,516 Other operating expenses 11,167 10,247 13,624 Total expenses 17,719 17,250 20,140 Income before income tax benefit and equity in undistributed net income of subsidiaries 160,996 109,031 190,014 Income tax benefit 3,096 2,913 3,407 Income before equity in undistributed net income of subsidiaries 164,092 111,944 193,421 Equity in undistributed net income of subsidiaries 58,835 191,258 91,336 Net Income $ 222,927 303,202 284,757 Comprehensive Income (Loss) $ 317,606 (192,949) 169,026 Condensed Statements of Cash Flows Years ended (Dollars in thousands) December 31, December 31, December 31, Operating Activities Net income $ 222,927 303,202 284,757 Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities: Subsidiary income in excess of dividends distributed (58,835) (191,258) (91,336) Stock-based compensation, net of tax benefits 1,742 1,685 1,628 Net change in other assets and other liabilities 7,788 1,794 (7,245) Net cash provided by operating activities 173,622 115,423 187,804 Investing Activities Net additions of premises and equipment (3) (4) (13) Proceeds from sale of marketable equity securities — 63 186 Equity received from subsidiaries — — 248 Net cash (used in) provided by investing activities (3) 59 421 Financing Activities Net decrease in other borrowed funds — — (7,500) Cash dividends paid (146,690) (157,540) (145,557) Tax withholding payments for stock-based compensation (1,795) (1,704) (1,553) Proceeds from stock option exercises — 140 265 Net cash used in financing activities (148,485) (159,104) (154,345) Net increase (decrease) in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash 25,134 (43,622) 33,880 Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at beginning of period 75,684 119,306 85,426 Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at end of period $ 100,818 75,684 119,306

Unaudited Quarterly Financial D

Unaudited Quarterly Financial Data (Condensed)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023
Quarterly Financial Information Disclosure [Abstract]
Unaudited Quarterly Financial Data (Condensed)	Unaudited Quarterly Financial Data (Condensed) Summarized unaudited quarterly financial data is as follows: Quarters ended 2023 (Dollars in thousands, except per share data) March 31 June 30 September 30 December 31 Interest income $ 231,888 247,365 264,906 273,496 Interest expense 45,696 75,385 97,852 107,040 Net interest income 186,192 171,980 167,054 166,456 Provision for credit losses 5,470 2,773 3,539 3,013 Net interest income after provision for credit losses 180,722 169,207 163,515 163,443 Non-interest income 27,895 29,079 30,240 30,865 Non-interest expense 134,982 130,604 129,576 132,196 Income before income taxes 73,635 67,682 64,179 62,112 Federal and state income tax expense 12,424 12,727 11,734 7,796 Net income $ 61,211 54,955 52,445 54,316 Basic earnings per share $ 0.55 0.50 0.47 0.49 Diluted earnings per share $ 0.55 0.50 0.47 0.49 Quarters ended 2022 (Dollars in thousands, except per share data) March 31 June 30 September 30 December 31 Interest income $ 190,516 199,637 214,402 225,085 Interest expense 4,961 6,199 9,075 21,026 Net interest income 185,555 193,438 205,327 204,059 Provision for credit losses 7,031 (1,533) 8,341 6,124 Net interest income after provision for credit losses 178,524 194,971 196,986 197,935 Non-interest income 33,563 28,280 30,406 28,483 Non-interest expense 130,308 129,521 130,060 128,979 Income before income taxes 81,779 93,730 97,332 97,439 Federal and state income tax expense 13,984 17,338 17,994 17,762 Net income $ 67,795 76,392 79,338 79,677 Basic earnings per share $ 0.61 0.69 0.72 0.72 Diluted earnings per share $ 0.61 0.69 0.72 0.72

Fair Value of Assets and Liabil

Fair Value of Assets and Liabilities	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023
Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]
Fair Value of Assets and Liabilities	Fair Value of Assets and Liabilities Fair value is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. There is a fair value hierarchy which requires an entity to maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs when measuring fair value. The three levels of inputs that may be used to measure fair value are as follows: Level 1 Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities Level 2 Observable inputs other than Level 1 prices, such as quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities; quoted prices in markets that are not active; or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data for substantially the full term of the assets or liabilities Level 3 Unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity and that are significant to the fair value of the assets or liabilities Transfers in and out of Level 1 (quoted prices in active markets), Level 2 (significant other observable inputs) and Level 3 (significant unobservable inputs) are recognized on the actual transfer date. There were no transfers between fair value hierarchy levels during the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022, and 2021. Recurring Measurements The following is a description of the inputs and valuation methodologies used for assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis, as well as the general classification of such assets and liabilities pursuant to the valuation hierarchy. There have been no significant changes in the valuation techniques during the period ended December 31, 2023. Debt securities, available-for-sale. The fair value for available-for-sale debt securities is estimated by obtaining quoted market prices for identical assets, where available. If such prices are not available, fair value is based on independent asset pricing services and models, the inputs of which are market-based or independently sourced market parameters, including but not limited to, yield curves, interest rates, volatilities, market spreads, prepayments, defaults, recoveries, cumulative loss projections, and cash flows. Such securities are classified in Level 2 of the valuation hierarchy. Where Level 1 or Level 2 inputs are not available, such securities are classified as Level 3 within the hierarchy. Fair value determinations of available-for-sale debt securities are the responsibility of the Company’s corporate accounting and treasury departments. The Company obtains fair value estimates from independent third party vendors on a monthly basis. The vendors’ pricing system methodologies, procedures and system controls are reviewed to ensure they are appropriately designed and operating effectively. The Company reviews the vendors’ inputs for fair value estimates and the recommended assignments of levels within the fair value hierarchy. The review includes the extent to which markets for debt securities are determined to have limited or no activity, or are judged to be active markets. The Company reviews the extent to which observable and unobservable inputs are used as well as the appropriateness of the underlying assumptions about risk that a market participant would use in active markets, with adjustments for limited or inactive markets. In considering the inputs to the fair value estimates, the Company places less reliance on quotes that are judged to not reflect orderly transactions, or are non-binding indications. In assessing credit risk, the Company reviews payment performance, collateral adequacy, third party research and analyses, credit rating histories and issuers’ financial statements. For those markets determined to be inactive or limited, the valuation techniques used are models for which management has verified that discount rates are appropriately adjusted to reflect illiquidity and credit risk. Loans held for sale, at fair value. Loans held for sale measured at fair value, for which an active secondary market and readily available market prices exist, are initially valued at the transaction price and are subsequently valued by using quoted prices for similar assets, adjusted for specific attributes of that loan or other observable market data, such as outstanding commitments from third party investors. Loans held for sale measured at fair value are classified within Level 2. Included in gain on sale of loans were net gains of $264,000, net gains of $1,427,000 and net gains of $5,496,000 for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, respectively, from the changes in fair value of loans held for sale measured at fair value. Electing to measure loans held for sale at fair value reduces certain timing differences and better matches changes in fair value of these assets with changes in the value of the derivative instruments used to economically hedge them without the burden of complying with the requirements for hedge accounting. Loan interest rate lock commitments. Fair value estimates for loan interest rate lock commitments were based upon the estimated sales price, origination fees, direct costs, interest rate changes, etc. and were obtained from an independent third party. The components of the valuation were observable or could be corroborated by observable market data and, therefore, were classified within Level 2 of the valuation hierarchy. Forward commitments to sell TBA securities. Forward commitments to sell TBA securities are used to economically hedge the interest rate risk associated with certain loan commitments. The fair value estimates for the TBA commitments were based upon the estimated sale of the TBA hedge obtained from an independent third party. The components of the valuation were observable or could be corroborated by observable market data and, therefore, were classified within Level 2 of the valuation hierarchy. Interest rate cap derivative financial instruments. Fair value estimates for interest rate cap derivative financial instruments were based upon the discounted cash flows of known payments plus the option value of each caplet which incorporates market rate forecasts and implied market volatilities. The components of the valuation were observable or could be corroborated by observable market data and, therefore, were classified within Level 2 of the valuation hierarchy. The Company also obtained and compared the reasonableness of the pricing from independent third party valuations. Interest rate swap derivative financial instruments. Fair value estimates for interest rate swap derivative financial instruments were based upon the estimated amounts to settle the contracts considering current interest rates and were calculated using discounted cash flows. The inputs used to determine fair value included the compounded overnight SOFR rate to estimate variable rate cash inflows and the overnight SOFR swap rate to estimate the discount rate. The estimated variable rate cash inflows were compared to the fixed rate outflows and such difference was discounted to a present value to estimate the fair value of the interest rate swaps. The components of the valuation were observable or could be corroborated by observable market data and, therefore, were classified within Level 2 of the valuation hierarchy. The Company also obtained and compared the reasonableness of the pricing from independent third party valuations. The following tables disclose the fair value measurement of assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis: Fair Value Measurements (Dollars in thousands) Fair Value December 31, 2023 Quoted Prices Significant Significant Debt securities, available-for-sale U.S. government and federal agency $ 455,347 — 455,347 — U.S. government sponsored enterprises 299,219 — 299,219 — State and local governments 98,932 — 98,932 — Corporate bonds 26,253 — 26,253 — Residential mortgage-backed securities 2,811,263 — 2,811,263 — Commercial mortgage-backed securities 1,094,705 — 1,094,705 — Loans held for sale, at fair value 15,691 — 15,691 — Interest rate caps 4,990 — 4,990 — Interest rate locks 604 — 604 — Total assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis $ 4,807,004 — 4,807,004 — TBA hedge $ 350 — 350 — Interest rate Swap 17,988 — 17,988 — Total liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis $ 18,338 — 18,338 — Fair Value Measurements (Dollars in thousands) Fair Value December 31, 2022 Quoted Prices Significant Significant Debt securities, available-for-sale U.S. government and federal agency $ 444,727 — 444,727 — U.S. government sponsored enterprises 287,364 — 287,364 — State and local governments 132,993 — 132,993 — Corporate bonds 26,109 — 26,109 — Residential mortgage-backed securities 3,267,341 — 3,267,341 — Commercial mortgage-backed securities 1,148,773 — 1,148,773 — Loans held for sale, at fair value 12,314 — 12,314 — Interest rate caps 7,757 — 7,757 — Interest rate locks 362 — 362 — Total assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis $ 5,327,740 — 5,327,740 — TBA hedge $ 188 — 188 — Total liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis $ 188 — 188 — Non-recurring Measurements The following is a description of the inputs and valuation methodologies used for assets recorded at fair value on a non-recurring basis, as well as the general classification of such assets pursuant to the valuation hierarchy. There have been no significant changes in the valuation techniques during the period ended December 31, 2023. Other real estate owned. OREO is initially recorded at fair value less estimated cost to sell, establishing a new cost basis. OREO is subsequently accounted for at lower of cost or fair value less estimated cost to sell. Estimated fair value of OREO is based on appraisals or evaluations (new or updated). OREO is classified within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy. Collateral-dependent loans, net of ACL. Fair value estimates of collateral-dependent loans that are individually reviewed are based on the fair value of the collateral, less estimated cost to sell. Collateral-dependent individually reviewed loans are classified within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy. The Company’s credit department reviews appraisals for OREO and collateral-dependent loans, giving consideration to the highest and best use of the collateral. The appraisal or evaluation (new or updated) is considered the starting point for determining fair value. The valuation techniques used in preparing appraisals or evaluations (new or updated) include the cost approach, income approach, sales comparison approach, or a combination of the preceding valuation techniques. The key inputs used to determine the fair value of the collateral-dependent loans and OREO include selling costs, discounted cash flow rate or capitalization rate, and adjustment to comparables. Valuations and significant inputs obtained by independent sources are reviewed by the Company for accuracy and reasonableness. The Company also considers other factors and events in the environment that may affect the fair value. The appraisals or evaluations (new or updated) are reviewed at least quarterly and more frequently based on current market conditions, including deterioration in a borrower’s financial condition and when property values may be subject to significant volatility. After review and acceptance of the collateral appraisal or evaluation (new or updated), adjustments to the impaired loan or OREO may occur. The Company generally obtains appraisals or evaluations (new or updated) annually. The following tables disclose the fair value measurement of assets with a recorded change during the period resulting from re-measuring the assets at fair value on a non-recurring basis: Fair Value Measurements (Dollars in thousands) Fair Value December 31, 2023 Quoted Prices Significant Significant Other real estate owned $ 166 — — 166 Collateral-dependent impaired loans, net of ACL 1,332 — — 1,332 Total assets measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis $ 1,498 — — 1,498 Fair Value Measurements (Dollars in thousands) Fair Value December 31, 2022 Quoted Prices Significant Significant Collateral-dependent impaired loans, net of ACL 1,360 — — 1,360 Total assets measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis $ 1,360 — — 1,360 Non-recurring Measurements Using Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) The following tables present additional quantitative information about assets measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis and for which the Company has utilized Level 3 inputs to determine fair value: Fair Value Quantitative Information about Level 3 Fair Value Measurements (Dollars in thousands) December 31, Valuation Technique Unobservable Input Range (Weighted- Average) 1 Collateral-dependent $ 1,258 Cost approach Selling costs 10.0% - 10.0% (10.0%) 74 Sales comparison approach Selling costs 10.0% - 10.0% (10.0%) $ 1,332 Fair Value Quantitative Information about Level 3 Fair Value Measurements (Dollars in thousands) December 31, Valuation Technique Unobservable Input Range (Weighted- Average) 1 Collateral-dependent impaired loans, net of ACL $ 1,329 Cost approach Selling costs 10.0% - 10.0% (10.0%) 31 Sales comparison approach Selling Costs 10.0% - 10.0% (10.0%) Adjustment to comparables 0.0% - 0.0% (0.0%) $ 1,360 ______________________________ 1 The range for selling cost inputs represents reductions to the fair value of the assets. Fair Value of Financial Instruments The following tables present the carrying amounts, estimated fair values and the level within the fair value hierarchy of the Company’s financial instruments not carried at fair value. Receivables and payables due in one year or less, equity securities without readily determinable fair values and deposits with no defined or contractual maturities are excluded. There have been no significant changes in the valuation techniques during the period ended December 31, 2023. Cash and cash equivalents: fair value is estimated at book value. Debt securities, held-to-maturity: fair value for held-to-maturity debt securities is estimated in the same manner as available-for sale debt securities, which is described above. Loans receivable, net of ACL: The loans were fair valued on an individual basis, with consideration given to the loans' underlying characteristics, including account types, remaining terms and balance, interest rates, past delinquencies, current market rates, etc. The model utilizes a discounted cash flow approach to estimate the fair value of the loans using various assumptions such as prepayment speeds, projected default probabilities, losses given defaults, etc. The discounted cash flow approach models the credit losses directly in the projected cash flows. The model applies various assumptions regarding credit, interest, and prepayment risks for the loans based on loan types, payment types and fixed or variable classifications. Term Deposits: fair value of term deposits is estimated by discounting the future cash flows using rates of similar deposits with similar maturities. The market rates used were obtained from an independent third party based on current rates offered by the Company’s regional competitors. FHLB advances: fair value of advances is estimated based on borrowing rates currently available to the Company for advances with similar terms and maturities. FRB borrowing: fair value of borrowings through the FRB is estimated based on borrowing rates currently available to the Company through the FRB Bank Term Funding facility with similar terms and maturities Repurchase agreements and other borrowed funds: fair value of term repurchase agreements and other term borrowings is estimated based on current repurchase rates and borrowing rates currently available to the Company for repurchases and borrowings with similar terms and maturities. The estimated fair value for overnight repurchase agreements and other borrowings is book value. Subordinated debentures: fair value of the subordinated debt is estimated by discounting the estimated future cash flows using current estimated market rates obtained from an independent third party. Off-balance sheet financial instruments: unused lines of credit and letters of credit represent the principal categories of off-balance sheet financial instruments. The fair value of commitments is based on fees currently charged to enter into similar agreements, taking into account the remaining terms of the agreements and the counterparties’ credit standing. The fair value of unused lines of credit and letters of credit is not material; therefore, such commitments are not included in the following tables. Fair Value Measurements (Dollars in thousands) Carrying Amount December 31, 2023 Quoted Prices Significant Significant Financial assets Cash and cash equivalents $ 1,354,342 1,354,342 — — Debt securities, held-to-maturity 3,502,411 — 3,180,194 — Loans receivable, net of ACL 16,005,325 — — 16,133,681 Total financial assets $ 20,862,078 1,354,342 3,180,194 16,133,681 Financial liabilities Term deposits $ 2,915,393 — 2,955,521 — FRB Bank Term Funding 2,740,000 — 2,738,031 — Repurchase agreements and other borrowed funds 1,568,545 — 1,568,545 — Subordinated debentures 132,943 — 119,768 — Total financial liabilities $ 7,356,881 — 7,381,865 — Fair Value Measurements (Dollars in thousands) Carrying Amount December 31, 2022 Quoted Prices Significant Significant Financial assets Cash and cash equivalents $ 401,995 401,995 — — Debt securities, held-to-maturity 3,715,052 — 3,274,792 — Loans receivable, net of ACL 15,064,529 — — 14,806,354 Total financial assets $ 19,181,576 401,995 3,274,792 14,806,354 Financial liabilities Term deposits $ 880,589 — 874,850 — FHLB advances 1,800,000 — 1,799,936 — Repurchase agreements and other borrowed funds 1,023,209 — 1,023,209 — Subordinated debentures 132,782 — 122,549 — Total financial liabilities $ 3,836,580 — 3,820,544 —

Commitments and Contingent Liab

Commitments and Contingent Liabilities	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023
Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]
Commitments and Contingent Liabilities	Commitments and Contingent Liabilities The Company is a party to financial instruments with off-balance sheet risk in the normal course of business to meet the financing needs of its customers. These financial instruments include commitments to extend credit and letters of credit, and involve, to varying degrees, elements of credit risk. The Company’s exposure to credit loss in the event of nonperformance by the other party to the financial instrument for commitments to extend credit is represented by the contractual amount of those instruments. The Company uses the same credit policies in making off-balance sheet commitments and conditional obligations as it does for on-balance sheet instruments. The Company had the following outstanding commitments: (Dollars in thousands) December 31, December 31, Unused lines of credit $ 4,079,511 4,740,829 Letters of credit 82,827 88,889 Total outstanding commitments $ 4,162,338 4,829,718 The Company is a defendant in legal proceedings arising in the normal course of business. In the opinion of management, the disposition of pending litigation will not have a material affect on the Company’s consolidated financial position, results of operations or liquidity.

Subsequent Event

Subsequent Event	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023
Subsequent Events [Abstract]
Subsequent Event	Subsequent Event Effective January 31, 2024, the Company completed the acquisition of Community Financial Group, Inc. (“CFGW”) and its wholly-owned subsidiary, Wheatland Bank, a community bank based in Spokane, Washington (collectively, “CFGW”). The acquisition resulted in the Company issuing 2,389,684 shares of its common stock. CFGW provides banking services to individuals and businesses throughout Washington with locations in Spokane, Ellensburg, Quincy, Moses Lake, Odessa, Ritzville, Yakima, Pasco, Chelan, Wenatchee, Spokane Valley, Davenport, and Wilbur. As of Janaury 31, 2024, CFGW had total assets of $728,591,000, gross loans of $464,070,000 and total deposits of $611,664,000. The Wheatland Bank operations will be combined with the North Cascades Bank division and the combined operations will begin to operate under the name Wheatland Bank in the second quarter of 2024.

Nature of Operations and Summ_2

Nature of Operations and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Policies)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023
Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]
Basis of Accounting	The preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”) requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of income and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates.
Use of Estimates	Material estimates that are particularly susceptible to significant change include: 1) the determination of the allowance for credit losses (“ACL” or “allowance”) on loans; 2) the valuation of debt securities; 3) the valuation of real estate acquired in connection with foreclosures or in satisfaction of loans; and 4) the evaluation of goodwill impairment. For the determination of the ACL on loans and real estate valuation estimates, management obtains independent appraisals (new or updated) for significant items. Estimates relating to the investment valuations are obtained from independent third parties. Estimates relating to the evaluation of goodwill for impairment are determined based on internal calculations using independent party inputs.
Principles of Consolidation	The consolidated financial statements of the Company include the parent holding company and the Bank, which consists of seventeen bank divisions and a corporate division. The corporate division includes the Bank’s investment portfolio, wholesale borrowings and other centralized functions. The Bank divisions operate under separate names, management teams and advisory directors. The Company considers the Bank to be its sole operating segment as the Bank 1) engages in similar bank business activity from which it earns revenues and incurs expenses; 2) the operating results of the Bank are regularly reviewed by the Chief Executive Officer (“CEO”) (i.e., the chief operating decision maker) who makes decisions about resources to be allocated to the Bank; and 3) financial information is available for the Bank. All significant inter-company transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. The Bank has subsidiary interests in variable interest entities (“VIE”) for which the Bank has both the power to direct the VIE’s significant activities and the obligation to absorb losses or right to receive benefits of the VIE that could potentially be significant to the VIE. These subsidiary interests are included in the Company’s consolidated financial statements. The Bank also has subsidiary interests in VIEs for which the Bank does not have a controlling financial interest and is not the primary beneficiary. These subsidiary interests are not included in the Company’s consolidated financial statements. For additional information on the Bank’s interest in VIEs, see Note 7. The parent holding company owns non-bank subsidiaries that have issued trust preferred securities. The trust subsidiaries are not included in the Company’s consolidated financial statements. The Company's investments in the trust subsidiaries are included in other assets on the Company's statements of financial condition.
Cash and Cash Equivalents	Cash and cash equivalents include cash on hand, cash held as demand deposits at various banks and the Federal Reserve Bank (“FRB”), interest bearing deposits, federal funds sold, and liquid investments with original maturities of three months or less. Interest bearing deposits are maintained at other financial institutions as collateral for certain derivative contracts and are considered restricted cash.
Debt Securities	Debt securities for which the Company has the positive intent and ability to hold to maturity are classified as held-to-maturity and are carried at amortized cost. Debt securities held primarily for the purpose of selling in the near term are classified as trading securities and are reported at fair value, with unrealized gains and losses included in income. Debt securities not classified as held-to-maturity or trading are classified as available-for-sale and are reported at fair value with unrealized gains and losses, net of income taxes, as a separate component of other comprehensive income (“OCI”). Premiums and discounts on debt securities are amortized or accreted into income using a method that approximates the interest method. The objective of the interest method is to calculate periodic interest income at a constant effective yield. The Company does not have any debt securities classified as trading securities. When the Company acquires another entity, it records the debt securities at fair value. The Company reviews and analyzes the various risks that may be present within the investment portfolio on an ongoing basis, including market risk, credit risk and liquidity risk. Market risk is the risk to an entity’s financial condition resulting from adverse changes in the value of its holdings arising from movements in interest rates, foreign exchange rates, equity prices or commodity prices. The Company assesses the market risk of individual debt securities as well as the investment portfolio as a whole. Credit risk, broadly defined, is the risk that an issuer or counterparty will fail to perform on an obligation. The credit rating of a security is considered the primary credit quality indicator for debt securities. Liquidity risk refers to the risk that a security will not have an active and efficient market in which the security can be sold. A debt security is investment grade if the issuer has adequate capacity to meet its commitment over the expected life of the investment, i.e., the risk of default is low and full and timely repayment of interest and principal is expected. To determine investment grade status for debt securities, the Company conducts due diligence of the creditworthiness of the issuer or counterparty prior to acquisition and ongoing thereafter consistent with the risk characteristics of the security and the overall risk of the investment portfolio. Credit quality due diligence takes into account the extent to which a security is guaranteed by the U.S. government and other agencies of the U.S. government. The depth of the due diligence is based on the complexity of the structure, the size of the security, and takes into account material positions and specific groups of securities or stratifications for analysis and review of similar risk positions. The due diligence includes consideration of payment performance, collateral adequacy, internal analyses, third party research and analytics, external credit ratings and default statistics. The Company has acquired debt securities through acquisitions and if the securities have more than insignificant credit deterioration since origination, they are designated as purchased credit-deteriorated (“PCD”) securities. An ACL is determined using the same methodology as with other debt securities. The sum of a PCD security’s fair value and associated ACL becomes its initial amortized cost basis. The difference between the initial amortized cost basis and the par value of the debt security is a noncredit discount or premium, which is amortized into interest income over the life of the security. Subsequent changes to the ACL are recorded through provision for credit losses. The fair value for available-for-sale debt securities is estimated by obtaining quoted market prices for identical assets, where available. If such prices are not available, fair value is based on independent asset pricing services and models, the inputs of which are market-based or independently sourced market parameters, including but not limited to, yield curves, interest rates, volatilities, market spreads, prepayments, defaults, recoveries, cumulative loss projections, and cash flows. Such securities are classified in Level 2 of the valuation hierarchy. Where Level 1 or Level 2 inputs are not available, such securities are classified as Level 3 within the hierarchy.
Allowance for Credit Losses - Available-for-Sale Debt Securities, Held-to-Maturity Debt Securities and Loans Receivable	Allowance for Credit Losses - Available-for-Sale Debt Securities For available-for-sale debt securities in an unrealized loss position, the Company first assesses whether it intends to sell, or it is more-likely-than-not that it will be required to sell the security before recovery of its amortized cost basis. If either of the criteria regarding intent or requirement to sell is met, the security’s amortized cost basis is written down to fair value through other expense. For the available-for-sale securities that do not meet the aforementioned criteria, the Company evaluates whether the decline in fair value has resulted from credit losses or other factors. In such assessment, the Company considers the extent to which fair value is less than amortized cost, if there are any changes to the investment grade of the security by a rating agency, and if there are any adverse conditions that impact the security. If this assessment indicates a credit loss exists, the present value of the cash flows expected to be collected from the security is compared to the amortized cost basis of the security. If the present value of the cash flows expected to be collected is less than the amortized cost basis, a potential credit loss exists and an ACL is recorded for the credit loss, limited by the amount that the fair value is less than the amortized cost. Any estimated credit losses that have not been recorded through an ACL are recognized in OCI. The Company has elected to exclude accrued interest from the estimate of credit losses for available-for-sale debt securities. As part of its non-accrual policy, the Company charges-off uncollectable interest at the time it is determined to be uncollectable. Allowance for Credit Losses - Held-to-Maturity Debt Securities For estimating the allowance for held-to-maturity (“HTM”) debt securities that share similar risk characteristics with other securities, such securities are pooled based on major security type. For pools of such securities with similar risk characteristics, the historical lifetime probability of default and severity of loss in the event of default is derived or obtained from external sources and adjusted for the expected effects of reasonable and supportable forecasts over the expected lives of the securities on those historical credit losses. Expected credit losses on securities in the held-to-maturity portfolio that do not share similar risk characteristics with any of the pools of debt securities are individually measured based on net realizable value, or the difference between the discounted value of the expected future cash flows, based on the original effective interest rate, and the recorded amortized cost basis of the securities. The ACL for loans receivable represents management’s estimate of credit losses over the expected contractual life of the loan portfolio. The estimate is determined based on the amortized cost of the loan portfolio including the loan balance adjusted for charge-offs, recoveries, deferred fees and costs, and loan discount and premiums. Recoveries are included only to the extent that such amounts were previously charged-off. The Company has elected to exclude accrued interest from the estimate of credit losses for loans. Determining the adequacy of the allowance is complex and requires a high degree of judgment by management about the effect of matters that are inherently uncertain. Subsequent evaluations of the then-existing loan portfolio, in light of the factors then prevailing, may result in significant changes in the allowance in those future periods. The allowance is increased for estimated credit losses which are recorded as expense. The portion of loans and overdraft balances determined by management to be uncollectable are charged-off as a reduction to the allowance and recoveries of amounts previously charged-off increase the allowance. The Company’s charge-off policy is consistent with bank regulatory standards. Consumer loans generally are charged-off when the loan becomes over 120 days delinquent. Real estate acquired as a result of foreclosure or by deed-in-lieu of foreclosure is classified as other real estate owned (“OREO”) until such time as it is sold. The expected credit loss estimate process involves procedures to consider the unique characteristics of each of the Company’s loan portfolio segments, which consist of residential real estate, commercial real estate, other commercial, home equity, and other consumer loans. When computing the allowance levels, credit loss assumptions are estimated using a model that categorizes loan pools based on loss history, credit and risk characteristics, including current conditions and reasonable and supportable forecasts about the future. The Company has determined a four consecutive quarter forecasting period is a reasonable and supportable period. Expected credit loss for periods beyond reasonable and supportable forecast periods are determined based on a reversion method which reverts back to historical loss estimates over a four consecutive quarter period on a straight-line basis. Credit quality is assessed and monitored by evaluating various attributes and the results of those evaluations are utilized in underwriting new loans and the process for estimating the expected credit losses. The following paragraphs describe the risk characteristics relevant to each portfolio segment. Residential Real Estate. Residential real estate loans are secured by owner-occupied 1-4 family residences. Repayment of these loans is primarily dependent on the personal income and credit rating of the borrowers. Credit risk in these loans is impacted by economic conditions within the Company’s market areas that affect the value of the residential property securing the loans and affect the borrowers' personal incomes. Mitigating risk factors for this loan segment include a large number of borrowers, geographic dispersion of market areas and the loans are originated for relatively smaller amounts. Commercial Real Estate . Commercial real estate loans typically involve larger principal amounts, and repayment of these loans is generally dependent on the successful operation of the property securing the loan and/or the business conducted on the property securing the loan. Credit risk in these loans is impacted by the creditworthiness of a borrower, valuation of the property securing the loan and conditions within the local economies in the Company’s diverse, geographic market areas. Commercial . Commercial loans consist of loans to commercial customers for use in financing working capital needs, equipment purchases and business expansions. The loans in this category are repaid primarily from the cash flow of a borrower’s principal business operation. Credit risk in these loans is driven by creditworthiness of a borrower and the economic conditions that impact the cash flow stability from business operations across the Company’s diverse, geographic market areas. Home Equity . Home equity loans consist of junior lien mortgages and first and junior lien lines of credit (revolving open-end and amortizing closed-end) secured by owner-occupied 1-4 family residences. Repayment of these loans is primarily dependent on the personal income and credit rating of the borrowers. Credit risk in these loans is impacted by economic conditions within the Company’s market areas that affect the value of the residential property securing the loans and affect the borrowers' personal incomes. Mitigating risk factors for this loan segment are a large number of borrowers, geographic dispersion of market areas and the loans are originated for terms that range from 10 to 15 years. Other Consumer . The other consumer loan portfolio consists of various short-term loans such as automobile loans and loans for other personal purposes. Repayment of these loans is primarily dependent on the personal income of the borrowers. Credit risk is driven by consumer economic factors (such as unemployment and general economic conditions in the Company’s diverse, geographic market areas) and the creditworthiness of a borrower. The allowance is impacted by loan volumes, delinquency status, credit ratings, historical loss experiences, estimated prepayment speeds, weighted average lives and other conditions influencing loss expectations, such as reasonable and supportable forecasts of economic conditions. The methodology for estimating the amount of expected credit losses reported in the allowance has two basic components: 1) individual loans that do not share similar risk characteristics with other loans and the measurement of expected credit losses for such individual loans; and 2) the expected credit losses for pools of loans that share similar risk characteristics. Loans that do not Share Similar Risk Characteristics with Other Loans. For a loan that does not share similar risk characteristics with other loans, expected credit loss is measured based on the net realizable value, that is, the difference between the discounted value of the expected future cash flows, based on the original effective interest rate, and the amortized cost basis of the loan. For these loans, the expected credit loss is equal to the amount by which the net realizable value of the loan is less than the amortized cost basis of the loan (which is net of previous charge-offs and deferred loan fees and costs), except when the loan is collateral-dependent, that is, when foreclosure is probable or the borrower is experiencing financial difficulty and repayment is expected to be provided substantially through the operation or sale of the collateral. In these cases, expected credit loss is measured as the difference between the amortized cost basis of the loan and the fair value of the collateral. The fair value of the collateral is adjusted for the estimated cost to sell if repayment or satisfaction of a loan is dependent on the sale (rather than only on the operation) of the collateral. The Company has determined that non-accrual loans do not share similar risk characteristics with other loans and these loans are individually evaluated for estimated allowance for credit losses. The Company, through its credit monitoring process, may also identify other loans that do not share similar risk characteristics and individually evaluate such loans. The starting point for determining the fair value of collateral is to obtain external appraisals or evaluations (new or updated). The valuation techniques used in preparing appraisals or evaluations (new or updated) include the cost approach, income approach, sales comparison approach, or a combination of the preceding valuation techniques. The Company’s credit department reviews appraisals, giving consideration to the highest and best use of the collateral. The appraisals or evaluations (new or updated) are reviewed at least quarterly and more frequently based on current market conditions, including deterioration in a borrower’s financial condition and when property values may be subject to significant volatility. Adjustments may be made to the fair value of the collateral after review and acceptance of the collateral appraisal or evaluation (new or updated). Loans that Share Similar Risk Characteristics with other Loans. For estimating the allowance for loans that share similar risk characteristics with other loans, such loans are segregated into loan segments. Loans are designated into loan segments based on loans pooled by product types and similar risk characteristics or areas of risk concentration. In determining the ACL, the Company derives an estimated credit loss assumption from a model that categorizes loan pools based on loan type which is further segregated by the credit quality indicators. This model calculates an expected loss percentage for each loan segment by considering the non-discounted simple annual average historical loss rate of each loan segment (calculated through an “open pool” method), multiplying the loss rate by the amortized loan balance and incorporating that segment’s internally generated prepayment speed assumption and contractually scheduled remaining principal pay downs on a loan level basis. The annual historical loss rates are adjusted over a reasonable economic forecast period by a multiplier that is calculated based upon current national economic forecasts as a proportion of each segment’s historical average loss levels. The Company will then revert from the economic forecast period back to the historical average loss rate in a straight-line basis. After the reversion period, the loans will be assumed to experience their historical loss rate for the remainder of their contractual lives. The model applies the expected loss rate over the projected cash flows at the individual loan level and then aggregates the losses by loan segment in determining their quantitative allowance. The Company will also include qualitative adjustments to adjust the ACL on loan segments to the extent the current or future market conditions are believed to vary substantially from historical conditions in regards to: • lending policies and procedures; • international, national, regional and local economic business conditions, developments, or environmental conditions that affect the collectability of the portfolio, including the condition of various markets; • the nature and volume of the loan portfolio including the terms of the loans; • the experience, ability, and depth of the lending management and other relevant staff; • the volume and severity of past due and adversely classified or graded loans and the volume of non-accrual loans; • the quality of our loan review system; • the value of underlying collateral for collateralized loans; • the existence and effect of any concentrations of credit, and changes in the level of concentrations; and • the effect of external factors such as competition and legal and regulatory requirements on the level of estimated credit losses in the existing portfolio. The Company regularly reviews loans in the portfolio to assess credit quality indicators and to determine the appropriate loan classification and grading in accordance with applicable bank regulations. The primary credit quality indicator for residential, home equity and other consumer loans is the days past due status, which consists of the following categories: 1) performing loans; 2) 30 to 89 days past due loans; and 3) non-accrual and ninety days or more past due loans. The primary credit quality indicator for commercial real estate and commercial loans is the Company’s internal risk rating system, which includes the following categories: 1) pass loans; 2) special mention loans; 3) substandard loans; and 4) doubtful or loss loans. Such credit quality indicators are regularly monitored and incorporated into the Company’s allowance estimate. The following paragraphs further define the internal risk ratings for commercial real estate and commercial loans. Pass Loans. These ratings represent loans that are of acceptable, good or excellent quality with very limited to no risk. Loans that do not have one of the following ratings are considered pass loans. Special Mention Loans. These ratings represent loans that are designated as special mention per the regulatory definition. Special mention loans are currently protected but are potentially weak. The credit risk may be relatively minor yet constitute an undue and unwarranted risk in light of the circumstances surrounding a specific loan. The rating may be used to identify credit with potential weaknesses that if not corrected may weaken the loan to the point of inadequately protecting the Bank’s credit position. Examples include a lack of supervision, inadequate loan agreement, condition, or control of collateral, incomplete, or improper documentation, deviations from lending policy, and adverse trends in operations or economic conditions. Substandard Loans. This rating represents loans that are inadequately protected by the current sound worth and paying capacity of the obligor or of the collateral pledged. A loan so classified must have a well-defined weakness that jeopardizes the liquidation of the debt. These loans are characterized by the distinct possibility that the Bank will sustain some loss if the deficiencies are not corrected. Loss potential, while existing in the aggregated amount of substandard loans, does not have to exist in an individual loan classified substandard. Doubtful/Loss Loans. A loan classified as doubtful has the characteristics that make collection in full, on the basis of currently existing facts, conditions, and values, highly improbable. The possibility of loss is extremely high, but because of pending factors, which may work to the advantage and strengthening of the loan, its classification as loss is deferred until its more exact status may be determined. Pending factors include proposed merger, acquisition, or liquidation procedures, capital injection, perfecting liens on additional collateral and refinancing plans. Loans are classified as loss when they are deemed to be not collectible and of such little value that continuance as an active asset of the Bank is not warranted. Loans classified as loss must be charged-off. Assignment of this classification does not mean that an asset has absolutely no recovery or salvage value, but that it is not practical or desirable to defer writing off a basically worthless asset, even though partial recovery may be attained in the future. Modifications On January 1, 2023, the Company adopted FASB ASU 2022-02, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses, Troubled Debt Restructurings and Vintage Disclosures , which eliminated the accounting guidance for TDRs by creditors in Accounting Standard Codification (ASC) Subtopic 310-40, and enhanced the disclosure requirements for certain loan refinancing and restructures by creditors when a borrower is experiencing financial difficulty. The company identifies modifications to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty (“MBFD”) as a loan that has been modified for the borrower that is experiencing financial difficulties. The Company considers some of the indicators that a borrower is experiencing financial difficulty to be: currently in payment default on any of their debt, declaring bankruptcy, going concern, borrower’s securities have been delisted, and other indicators of inability to meet obligations. This list does not include all potential indicators of a borrower’s financial difficulties. The allowance for credit losses on a loans that are considered MBFD’s are measured using the same method as all other loans held for investment. Prior to the adoption of this guidance, restructured loans were considered to be a troubled debt restructuring (“TDR”) if the creditor, for economic or legal reasons related to the debtor’s financial difficulties, grants a concession to the debtor that it would have not otherwise considered. The allowance for credit losses on a TDR were measured using the same method as all other loans held for investment. Allowance for Credit Losses - Off-Balance Sheet Credit Exposures The Company maintains a separate allowance for credit losses for off-balance sheet credit exposures, including unfunded loan commitments. Such ACL is included in other liabilities on the Company’s statements of financial condition. The Company estimates the amount of expected losses by calculating a commitment usage factor over the contractual period for exposures and applying the loss factors used in the allowance for credit loss methodology to the results of the usage calculation to estimate the liability for credit losses related to unfunded commitments for each loan segment. No credit loss estimate is reported for off-balance sheet credit exposures that are unconditionally cancellable by the Bank or for unfunded amounts under such arrangements that may be drawn prior to the cancellation of the arrangement. Provision for Credit Losses
Loans Held for Sale	Loans held for sale generally consist of long-term, fixed rate, conforming, single-family residential real estate loans intended to be sold on the secondary market. Loans held for sale are recorded at fair value and may or may not be sold with servicing rights released. Changes in fair value are recognized in non-interest income. Fair value elections are made at the time of origination based on the Company’s fair value election policy.
Loans Receivable and Allowance for Credit Losses	The Company’s loan segments or classes are based on the purpose of the loan and consist of residential real estate, commercial real estate, other commercial, home equity, and other consumer loans. Loans that are intended at origination to be held-to-maturity, are reported at the unpaid principal balance less net charge-offs and adjusted for deferred fees and costs on originated loans and unamortized premiums or discounts on acquired loans. Interest income is accrued on the unpaid principal balance. Fees and costs on originated loans and premiums or discounts on acquired loans are deferred and subsequently amortized or accreted as a yield adjustment over the expected life of the loan utilizing the interest or straight-line methods. The interest method is utilized for loans with scheduled payment terms and the objective is to calculate periodic interest income at a constant effective yield. The straight-line method is utilized for revolving lines of credit or loans with no scheduled payment terms. When a loan is paid off prior to maturity, the remaining unamortized fees and costs on originated loans and unamortized premiums or discounts on acquired loans are immediately recognized as interest income. Loans that are thirty days or more past due based on payments received and applied to the loan are considered delinquent. Loans are designated non-accrual and the accrual of interest is discontinued when the collection of the contractual principal or interest is unlikely. A loan is typically placed on non-accrual when principal or interest is due and has remained unpaid for ninety days or more. When a loan is placed on non-accrual status, interest previously accrued but not collected is reversed against current period interest income. Subsequent payments on non-accrual loans are applied to the outstanding principal balance if doubt remains as to the ultimate collectability of the loan. Interest accruals are not resumed on partially charged-off impaired loans. For other loans on non-accrual, interest accruals are resumed on such loans only when they are brought fully current with respect to interest and principal and when, in the judgment of management, the loans are estimated to be fully collectible as to both principal and interest. The Company has acquired loans through acquisitions, some of which have experienced more than insignificant credit deterioration since origination. The Company considers all acquired non-accrual loans to be PCD loans. In addition, the Company considers loans accruing ninety days or more past due or substandard loans to be PCD loans. An ACL is determined using the same methodology as other loans held for investment. The ACL determined on a collective basis is allocated to individual loans. The sum of a loan’s fair value and ACL becomes the initial amortized cost basis. The difference between the initial amortized cost basis and the par value of the loan is a noncredit discount or premium, which is amortized into interest income over the life of the loan. Subsequent changes to the ACL are recorded through provision for credit losses.
Premises and Equipment	Premises and equipment are accounted for at cost less depreciation. Depreciation is computed on a straight-line method over the estimated useful lives or the term of the related lease. The estimated useful life for office buildings is 15 to 40 years and the estimated useful life for furniture, fixtures, and equipment is 3 to 10 years. Interest is capitalized for any significant building projects.
Lessee Leases	The Company leases certain land, premises and equipment from third parties. A lessee lease is classified as an operating lease unless it meets certain criteria (e.g., lease contains option to purchase that Company is reasonably certain to exercise), in which case it is classified as a finance lease. These leases are included in net premises and equipment as right-of-use (“ROU”) assets. The operating leases have other liabilities on the Company’s statements of financial condition and lease expense for lease payments is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term. The finance leases have liabilities that are included in other borrowed funds on the Company’s statements of financial condition. Right-of-use (“ROU”) assets and liabilities are recognized at the lease commencement date based on the present value of lease payments over the lease term. An ROU asset represents the right to use the underlying asset for the lease term and also includes any direct costs and payments made prior to lease commencement and excludes lease incentives. When an implicit rate is not available, an incremental borrowing rate based on the information available at commencement date is used in determining the present value of the lease payments. A lease term may include an option to extend or terminate the lease when it is reasonably certain the option will be exercised. The Company accounts for lease and nonlease components (e.g., common-area maintenance) together as a single combined lease component for all asset classes. Short-term leases of 12 months or less are excluded from accounting guidance; as a result, the lease payments are recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term and the leases are not reflected on the Company’s statements of financial condition. Renewal and termination options are considered when determining short-term leases. Leases are accounted for on an individual lease level.
Lessor Leases	The Company also leases certain premises and equipment to third parties. A lessor lease is classified as an operating lease unless it meets certain criteria that would classify it as either a sales-type lease or a direct financing lease.
Other Real Estate Owned	Property acquired by foreclosure or deed-in-lieu of foreclosure is initially recorded at fair value, less estimated selling cost, at acquisition date (i.e., cost of the property). The Company is considered to have received physical possession of residential real estate property collateralizing a consumer mortgage loan upon the occurrence of either the Company obtaining legal title to the property or the borrower conveying all interest in the property through a deed-in-lieu or similar agreement. Fair value is determined as the amount that could be reasonably expected in a current sale between a willing buyer and a willing seller in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. Subsequent to the initial acquisition, if the fair value of the asset, less estimated selling cost, is less than the cost of the property, a loss is recognized in other expense and the asset carrying value is reduced. Gain or loss on disposition of OREO is recorded in non-interest income or non-interest expense, respectively. In determining the fair value of the properties on the date of transfer and any subsequent estimated losses of net realizable value, the fair value of other real estate acquired by foreclosure or deed-in-lieu of foreclosure is determined primarily based upon appraisal or evaluation of the underlying property value.
Long-lived Assets	Long-lived assets are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. An asset is deemed impaired if the sum of the expected future cash flows is less than the carrying amount of the asset. If impaired, an impairment loss is recognized in other expense to reduce the carrying value of the asset to fair value.
Business Combinations	Acquisition accounting requires the total purchase price to be allocated to the estimated fair values of assets acquired and liabilities assumed, including certain intangible assets. Goodwill is recorded if the purchase price exceeds the net fair value of assets acquired and a bargain purchase gain is recorded in other income if the net fair value of assets acquired exceeds the purchase price. Adjustment of the allocated purchase price may be related to fair value estimates for which all information has not been obtained of the acquired entity known or discovered during the allocation period, the period of time required to identify and measure the fair values of the assets and liabilities acquired in the business combination. The allocation period is generally limited to one year following consummation of a business combination.
Intangible Assets	Core deposit intangible represents the intangible value of depositor relationships resulting from deposit liabilities assumed in acquisitions and is amortized using an accelerated method based on an estimated runoff of the related deposits. The core deposit intangible is evaluated for impairment and recoverability whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that its carrying amount may not be recoverable, with any changes in estimated useful life accounted for prospectively over the revised remaining life. For additional information relating to core deposit intangibles, see Note 5. The Company tests goodwill for impairment at the reporting unit level annually during the third quarter. The Company has identified that each of the Bank divisions are reporting units (i.e., components of the Glacier Bank operating segment) given that each division has a separate management team that regularly reviews its respective division financial information; however, the reporting units are aggregated into a single reporting unit due to the reporting units having similar economic characteristics. The goodwill of a reporting unit is tested for impairment between annual tests if an event occurs or circumstances change that would more-likely-than-not reduce the fair value of a reporting unit below its carrying amount. Examples of events and circumstances that could trigger the need for interim impairment testing include: • a significant change in legal factors or in the business climate; • an adverse action or assessment by a regulator; • unanticipated competition; • a loss of key personnel; • a more-likely-than-not expectation that a reporting unit or a significant portion of a reporting unit will be sold or otherwise disposed of; and • the testing for recoverability of a significant asset group within a reporting unit.
Loan Servicing Rights	For residential real estate loans that are sold with servicing retained, servicing rights are initially recorded at fair value in other assets and gain on sale of loans. Fair value is based on market prices for comparable mortgage servicing contracts. The servicing asset is subsequently measured using the amortization method which requires the servicing rights to be amortized into non-interest income in proportion to, and over the period of, the estimated future net servicing income of the underlying loans. Loan servicing rights are evaluated for impairment based upon the fair value of the servicing rights compared to the carrying value. Impairment is recognized through a valuation allowance, to the extent that fair value is less than the carrying value. If the Company later determines that all or a portion of the impairment no longer exists, a reduction in the valuation allowance may be recorded. Changes in the valuation allowance are recorded in other income. The fair value of the servicing assets are subject to significant fluctuations as a result of changes in estimated actual prepayment speeds and default rates and losses.
Equity Securities	Non-marketable equity securities primarily consist of Federal Home Loan Bank (“FHLB”) stock. FHLB stock is restricted because such stock may only be sold to FHLB at its par value. Due to restrictive terms, and the lack of a readily determinable fair value, FHLB stock is carried at cost and evaluated for impairment. The investments in FHLB stock are required investments related to the Company’s borrowings from FHLB. FHLB obtains its funding primarily through issuance of consolidated obligations of the FHLB system. The U.S. government does not guarantee these obligations, and each of the regional FHLBs is jointly and severally liable for repayment of each other’s debt.
Marketable Securities	The Company also has an insignificant amount of marketable equity securities that are included in other assets on the Company’s statements of financial condition. Marketable equity securities with readily determinable fair values are measured at fair value and changes in fair value are recognized in other income. Marketable equity securities without readily determinable fair values are carried at cost, minus impairment, if any, plus or minus changes resulting from observable price changes in orderly transactions for the identical or a similar investment.
Other Borrowings	Borrowings of the Company’s consolidated variable interest entities and finance lease arrangements are included in other borrowings.
Bank-Owned Life Insurance	The Company maintains bank-owned life insurance policies on certain current and former employees and directors, which are recorded at their cash surrender values as determined by the insurance carriers. The appreciation in the cash surrender value of the policies is recognized as a component of other non-interest income in the Company’s statements of operations.
Derivatives and Hedging Activities	The Company is exposed to certain risks relating to its ongoing operations. The primary risk managed by using derivative instruments is interest rate risk. Interest rate cap contracts have been entered into to manage interest rate risk associated with variable rate borrowings and were designated as cash flow hedges. Interest rate swap contracts have been entered into to manage interest rate risk associated with fixed rate debt securities and were designated as fair value hedges. The Company does not enter into derivative instruments for trading or speculative purposes. The fair value hedges and cash flow hedges were recognized as other assets or other liabilities on the Company’s statements of financial condition and were measured at fair value. For the fair value hedges, the gain or loss on the derivative, as well as the offsetting loss or gain on the hedged item attributable to the hedged risk, are recognized in current earnings as fair values change. For a cash flow hedge, the gain or loss on the derivative is reported in other comprehensive income and is reclassified into earnings in the same periods during which the hedged transaction affects earnings. Cash flows resulting from the fair value hedges and cash flow hedges were classified in the Company’s cash flow statement in the same category as the cash flows of the items being hedged. The Company formally documents the relationship between derivatives and hedged items, as well as the risk-management objective and the strategy for undertaking hedge transactions at the inception of the hedging relationship. This documentation includes linking fair value or cash flow hedges to specific assets and liabilities on the balance sheet or to specific firm commitments or forecasted transactions. The Company also formally assesses, both at the hedge’s inception and on an ongoing basis, whether the derivative instruments that are designated are highly effective in offsetting changes in fair values or cash flows of the hedged items. The Company has elected not to offset the fair value amounts recognized for derivative instruments and the fair value amounts recognized for the right to reclaim cash collateral arising from derivative instruments recognized at fair value executed with the same counterparty under a master netting arrangement. Loan interest rate lock commitments. Fair value estimates for loan interest rate lock commitments were based upon the estimated sales price, origination fees, direct costs, interest rate changes, etc. and were obtained from an independent third party. The components of the valuation were observable or could be corroborated by observable market data and, therefore, were classified within Level 2 of the valuation hierarchy. Forward commitments to sell TBA securities. Forward commitments to sell TBA securities are used to economically hedge the interest rate risk associated with certain loan commitments. The fair value estimates for the TBA commitments were based upon the estimated sale of the TBA hedge obtained from an independent third party. The components of the valuation were observable or could be corroborated by observable market data and, therefore, were classified within Level 2 of the valuation hierarchy. Interest rate cap derivative financial instruments. Fair value estimates for interest rate cap derivative financial instruments were based upon the discounted cash flows of known payments plus the option value of each caplet which incorporates market rate forecasts and implied market volatilities. The components of the valuation were observable or could be corroborated by observable market data and, therefore, were classified within Level 2 of the valuation hierarchy. The Company also obtained and compared the reasonableness of the pricing from independent third party valuations. Interest rate swap derivative financial instruments. Fair value estimates for interest rate swap derivative financial instruments were based upon the estimated amounts to settle the contracts considering current interest rates and were calculated using discounted cash flows. The inputs used to determine fair value included the compounded overnight SOFR rate to estimate variable rate cash inflows and the overnight SOFR swap rate to estimate the discount rate. The estimated variable rate cash inflows were compared to the fixed rate outflows and such difference was discounted to a present value to estimate the fair value of the interest rate swaps. The components of the valuation were observable or could be corroborated by observable market data and, therefore, were classified within Level 2 of the valuation hierarchy. The Company also obtained and compared the reasonableness of the pricing from independent third party valuations.
Revenue Recognition	The Company recognizes revenue when services or products are transferred to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the Company expects to be entitled. The Company’s principal source of revenue is interest income from debt securities and loans. Revenue from contracts with customers within the scope of ASC Topic 606 was $88,547,000, $82,850,000, and $65,194,000 for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022, and 2021, respectively, and largely consisted of revenue from service charges and other fees from deposits (e.g., overdraft fees, ATM fees, debit card fees). Due to the short-term nature of the Company’s contracts with customers, an insignificant amount of receivables related to such revenue was recorded at December 31, 2023 and 2022 and there were no impairment losses recognized. Policies specific to revenue from contracts with customers include the following: Service Charges. Revenue from service charges consists of service charges and fees on deposit accounts under depository agreements with customers to provide access to deposited funds and, when applicable, pay interest on deposits. Service charges on deposit accounts may be transactional or non-transactional in nature. Transactional service charges occur in the form of a service or penalty and are charged upon the occurrence of an event (e.g., overdraft fees, ATM fees, wire transfer fees). Transactional service charges are recognized as services are delivered to and consumed by the customer, or as penalty fees are charged. Non-transactional service charges are charges that are based on a broader service, such as account maintenance fees and dormancy fees, and are recognized on a monthly basis. Debit Card Fees.
Stock-based Compensation	Stock-based compensation awards granted, comprised of restricted stock units and stock options, are valued at fair value and compensation cost is recognized on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period of each award. The impact of forfeitures of stock-based compensation awards on compensation expense is recognized as forfeitures occur.
Advertising and Promotion	Advertising and promotion costs are recognized in the period incurred.
Income Taxes	The Company’s income tax expense consists of current and deferred income tax expense. Current income tax expense reflects taxes to be paid or refunded for the current period by applying the provisions of enacted tax law to earnings or losses. Deferred income tax expense results from changes in deferred tax assets and liabilities between periods. The Company recognizes interest and penalties related to income tax matters in income tax expense. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for estimated future income tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in income tax rates is recognized in income in the period that includes the enactment date of applicable laws.
Comprehensive Income	Comprehensive income consists of net income and OCI. OCI includes unrealized gains and losses, net of tax effect, on available-for-sale securities, including transferred debt securities, and derivatives used for cash flow hedges. When OCI is reclassified into net income (loss), the tax effect is recognized in income tax expense.
Earnings Per Share	Basic earnings per share is computed by dividing net income by the weighted-average number of shares of common stock outstanding during the period presented. Diluted earnings per share is computed by including the net increase in shares as if dilutive outstanding stock options were exercised and restricted stock units were vested, using the treasury stock method.
Reclassifications	Certain reclassifications have been made to the 2022 and 2021 financial statements to conform to the 2023 presentation.
Accounting Guidance Adopted 2023 and Accounting Guidance Pending Adoption at December 31, 2023	The ASC is the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) officially recognized source of authoritative GAAP applicable to all public and non-public non-governmental entities. Rules and interpretive releases of the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) under the authority of the federal securities laws are also sources of authoritative GAAP for the Company as an SEC registrant. All other accounting literature is non-authoritative. The following provides a description of a recently adopted Accounting Standards Updates (“ASU”) that could have a material effect on the Company’s financial position or results of operations. ASU 2022-02 - Troubled Debt Restructurings and Vintage Disclosures. In March 2022, FASB amended Subtopic ASC 310-40 and Subtopic 326-20 relating to post-current expected credit losses (“CECL”) (ASU 2016-13) implementation areas including TDRs and vintage disclosures. The amendments in this Update eliminate the accounting guidance for TDRs by creditors in Subtopic 326-40, while enhancing disclosure requirements. The amendments to Subtopic 326-20 require an entity to disclose current-period gross write-offs by year of origination for financing receivables within the scope of Subtopic 326-20. For entities that have adopted CECL, the amendments are effective for public business entities the first interim and annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2022. Early adoption is permitted if an entity has adopted CECL and the entity may elect to adopt the amendments about TDRs and related disclosure enhancements separately from the amendments related to vintage disclosures. The Company adopted the amendments beginning January 1, 2023. The Company adjusted its processes and procedures related to the amendments and it did not have a material impact to the Company’s financial position and results of operations. ASU 2020-04, ASU 2021-01, ASU 2022-06 - Reference Rate Reform. In March 2020, FASB amended topic 848 related to the facilitation of the effects of reference rate reform on financial reporting. The amendment provides optional guidance for a limited period of time to ease the potential burden in accounting for (or recognizing the effects of) reference rate reform on contracts, hedging relationships and other transactions that reference the London Interbank Offered Rate (“LIBOR”). These updates are effective immediately and may be applied prospectively to contract modifications made and hedging relationships entered into or evaluated on or before December 31, 2024. The Company has reviewed all of its LIBOR based products and all products have been adjusted to another index as LIBOR ceased to be published after June 30, 2023. The Company adjusted its processes and procedures related to the amendments and it did not have a material impact to the Company’s financial position and results and operations. Accounting Guidance Pending Adoption at December 31, 2023 The following provides a description of a recently issued but not yet effective ASU that could have a material effect on the Company’s financial position or results of operations ASU 2023-02 - Investments Equity Method and Joint Ventures. In March 2023, FASB amended Topic ASC 232 relating to accounting for investments in tax credit structures using the proportional amortization method. The amendments in this Update allow reporting entities to consistently account for equity investments made primarily for the purpose of receiving income tax credits and other income tax benefits. Currently the accounting standards limit the proportional amortization method to account for qualifying investment in low-income-housing tax credit structures. The proportional amortization method results in the cost of the investment being amortized in proportion to the income tax credits and other income tax benefits received, with the amortization of the investment and the tax credits being presented net in the income statement as a component of income tax expense (benefit). The amendments in this Update permit an entity to elect to account for their tax equity investments, regardless of the tax credit program from which the income tax credits are received, using the proportional amortization method if certain conditions are met. The amendments are effective for public business entities beginning with the first interim and annual reporting periods after December 15, 2023. Early adoption is permitted in any interim periods. The Company adopted the amendments beginning January 1, 2024 for each tax credit program. The Company adjusted its processes and procedures related to the amendments and it did not have a material impact to the Company’s financial position and results of operations. ASU 2023-09 - Income Tax Disclosures. In December 2023, FASB amended topic 740 related to certain income tax disclosures. The amendment provides updates related to the rate reconciliation and income taxes paid disclosures to improve transparency of income disclosures by requiring (1) consistent categories and greater disaggregation of information in the rate reconciliation and (2) income taxes paid disaggregated by jurisdiction. Other amendments in the Update improve the effectiveness and comparability of disclosures and remove disclosures that are no longer considered cost beneficial or relevant. The amendments are effective for public business entities beginning with the first annual reporting period after December 15, 2024 with early adoption permitted in any annual period. The amendments in this Update should be applied on a prospective basis and retrospective application is permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of this Update, but does not expect the adoption of this guidance to have a material impact to the financial statements, including related disclosures, or significant impact on its current processes.
Fair Value Measurement	Fair value is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. There is a fair value hierarchy which requires an entity to maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs when measuring fair value. The three levels of inputs that may be used to measure fair value are as follows: Level 1 Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities Level 2 Observable inputs other than Level 1 prices, such as quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities; quoted prices in markets that are not active; or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data for substantially the full term of the assets or liabilities Level 3 Unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity and that are significant to the fair value of the assets or liabilities Transfers in and out of Level 1 (quoted prices in active markets), Level 2 (significant other observable inputs) and Level 3 (significant unobservable inputs) are recognized on the actual transfer date. There were no transfers between fair value hierarchy levels during the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022, and 2021. Recurring Measurements The following is a description of the inputs and valuation methodologies used for assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis, as well as the general classification of such assets and liabilities pursuant to the valuation hierarchy. There have been no significant changes in the valuation techniques during the period ended December 31, 2023. Non-recurring Measurements The following is a description of the inputs and valuation methodologies used for assets recorded at fair value on a non-recurring basis, as well as the general classification of such assets pursuant to the valuation hierarchy. There have been no significant changes in the valuation techniques during the period ended December 31, 2023. Other real estate owned. OREO is initially recorded at fair value less estimated cost to sell, establishing a new cost basis. OREO is subsequently accounted for at lower of cost or fair value less estimated cost to sell. Estimated fair value of OREO is based on appraisals or evaluations (new or updated). OREO is classified within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy. Collateral-dependent loans, net of ACL. Fair value estimates of collateral-dependent loans that are individually reviewed are based on the fair value of the collateral, less estimated cost to sell. Collateral-dependent individually reviewed loans are classified within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy.
Fair Value of Financial Instruments	Receivables and payables due in one year or less, equity securities without readily determinable fair values and deposits with no defined or contractual maturities are excluded. There have been no significant changes in the valuation techniques during the period ended December 31, 2023. Cash and cash equivalents: fair value is estimated at book value. Debt securities, held-to-maturity: fair value for held-to-maturity debt securities is estimated in the same manner as available-for sale debt securities, which is described above. Loans receivable, net of ACL: The loans were fair valued on an individual basis, with consideration given to the loans' underlying characteristics, including account types, remaining terms and balance, interest rates, past delinquencies, current market rates, etc. The model utilizes a discounted cash flow approach to estimate the fair value of the loans using various assumptions such as prepayment speeds, projected default probabilities, losses given defaults, etc. The discounted cash flow approach models the credit losses directly in the projected cash flows. The model applies various assumptions regarding credit, interest, and prepayment risks for the loans based on loan types, payment types and fixed or variable classifications. Term Deposits: fair value of term deposits is estimated by discounting the future cash flows using rates of similar deposits with similar maturities. The market rates used were obtained from an independent third party based on current rates offered by the Company’s regional competitors. FHLB advances: fair value of advances is estimated based on borrowing rates currently available to the Company for advances with similar terms and maturities. FRB borrowing: fair value of borrowings through the FRB is estimated based on borrowing rates currently available to the Company through the FRB Bank Term Funding facility with similar terms and maturities Repurchase agreements and other borrowed funds: fair value of term repurchase agreements and other term borrowings is estimated based on current repurchase rates and borrowing rates currently available to the Company for repurchases and borrowings with similar terms and maturities. The estimated fair value for overnight repurchase agreements and other borrowings is book value. Subordinated debentures: fair value of the subordinated debt is estimated by discounting the estimated future cash flows using current estimated market rates obtained from an independent third party.

Nature of Operations and Summ_3

Nature of Operations and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023
Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]
Financing receivable, allowance for credit loss	The following table presents the provision for credit losses on the loan portfolio and off-balance sheet exposures: Year ended (Dollars in thousands) December 31, December 31, December 31, Provision for credit loss loans 20,790 17,433 16,380 Provision for credit loss unfunded (5,995) 2,530 6,696 Total provision for credit losses 14,795 19,963 23,076 Year ended December 31, 2023 (Dollars in thousands) Total Residential Real Estate Commercial Real Estate Other Commercial Home Equity Other Consumer Balance at beginning of period $ 182,283 19,683 125,816 21,454 10,759 4,571 Provision for credit losses 20,790 2,645 6,748 1,996 969 8,432 Charge-offs (15,095) (20) (2,080) (3,891) (129) (8,975) Recoveries 4,779 17 440 1,635 167 2,520 Balance at end of period $ 192,757 22,325 130,924 21,194 11,766 6,548 Year ended December 31, 2022 (Dollars in thousands) Total Residential Commercial Other Home Other Balance at beginning of period $ 172,665 16,458 117,901 24,703 8,566 5,037 Provision for credit losses 17,433 3,162 7,231 (704) 1,943 5,801 Charge-offs (14,970) (17) (2,171) (4,201) (85) (8,496) Recoveries 7,155 80 2,855 1,656 335 2,229 Balance at end of period $ 182,283 19,683 125,816 21,454 10,759 4,571 Year ended December 31, 2021 (Dollars in thousands) Total Residential Commercial Other Home Other Balance at beginning of period $ 158,243 9,604 86,999 49,133 8,182 4,325 Acquisitions 371 — 309 62 — — Provision for credit losses 16,380 6,517 28,996 (23,444) 186 4,125 Charge-offs (11,594) (38) (279) (4,826) (45) (6,406) Recoveries 9,265 375 1,876 3,778 243 2,993 Balance at end of period $ 172,665 16,458 117,901 24,703 8,566 5,037

Debt Securities (Tables)

Debt Securities (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023
Investments, Debt and Equity Securities [Abstract]
Amortized cost, gross unrealized gains and losses and the fair value of debt securities	The following tables present the amortized cost, the gross unrealized gains and losses and the fair value of the Company’s debt securities: December 31, 2023 Amortized Gross Unrealized Gains Gross Unrealized Losses Fair (Dollars in thousands) Available-for-sale U.S. government and federal agency $ 485,005 11 (29,669) 455,347 U.S. government sponsored enterprises 321,993 — (22,774) 299,219 State and local governments 101,903 302 (3,273) 98,932 Corporate bonds 27,007 2 (756) 26,253 Residential mortgage-backed securities 3,166,589 7 (355,333) 2,811,263 Commercial mortgage-backed securities 1,180,756 519 (86,570) 1,094,705 Total available-for-sale 5,283,253 841 (498,375) 4,785,719 Held-to-maturity U.S. government and federal agency 853,273 — (65,472) 787,801 State and local governments 1,650,000 2,843 (181,192) 1,471,651 Residential mortgage-backed securities 999,138 — (78,396) 920,742 Total held-to-maturity 3,502,411 2,843 (325,060) 3,180,194 Total debt securities $ 8,785,664 3,684 (823,435) 7,965,913 December 31, 2022 Amortized Gross Unrealized Gains Gross Unrealized Losses Fair (Dollars in thousands) Available-for-sale U.S. government and federal agency $ 487,320 23 (42,616) 444,727 U.S. government sponsored enterprises 320,157 — (32,793) 287,364 State and local governments 137,033 709 (4,749) 132,993 Corporate bonds 27,101 — (992) 26,109 Residential mortgage-backed securities 3,706,427 6 (439,092) 3,267,341 Commercial mortgage-backed securities 1,252,065 347 (103,639) 1,148,773 Total available-for-sale 5,930,103 1,085 (623,881) 5,307,307 Held-to-maturity U.S. government and federal agency 846,046 — (83,796) 762,250 State and local governments 1,682,640 1,045 (248,233) 1,435,452 Residential mortgage-backed securities 1,186,366 — (109,276) 1,077,090 Total held-to-maturity 3,715,052 1,045 (441,305) 3,274,792 Total debt securities $ 9,645,155 2,130 (1,065,186) 8,582,099
Amortized cost and fair value of debt securities by contractual maturity	The following table presents the amortized cost and fair value of available-for-sale and held-to-maturity debt securities by contractual maturity at December 31, 2023. Actual maturities may differ from expected or contractual maturities since some issuers have the right to prepay obligations with or without prepayment penalties. December 31, 2023 Available-for-Sale Held-to-Maturity (Dollars in thousands) Amortized Cost Fair Value Amortized Cost Fair Value Due within one year $ 3,632 3,653 5,233 5,213 Due after one year through five years 857,022 804,203 927,824 860,978 Due after five years through ten years 36,144 35,010 184,556 177,537 Due after ten years 39,110 36,885 1,385,660 1,215,724 935,908 879,751 2,503,273 2,259,452 Mortgage-backed securities 1 4,347,345 3,905,968 999,138 920,742 Total $ 5,283,253 4,785,719 3,502,411 3,180,194 ______________________________ 1 Mortgage-backed securities, which have prepayment provisions, are not assigned to maturity categories due to fluctuations in their prepayment speeds.
Proceeds from sales and calls of debt securities and associated gains and losses	Proceeds from sales and calls of debt securities and the associated gains and losses that have been included in earnings are listed below: Years ended (Dollars in thousands) December 31, December 31, December 31, Available-for-sale Proceeds from sales and calls of debt securities $ 31,944 428,225 188,431 Gross realized gains 1 145 3,357 984 Gross realized losses 1 (176) (2,021) (194) Held-to-maturity Proceeds from calls of debt securities 18,125 28,210 48,475 Gross realized gains 1 10 64 3 Gross realized losses 1 (193) (780) (1,431) ______________________________ 1 The gain or loss on the sale or call of each debt security is determined by the specific identification method.
Summary of debt securities with an unrealized loss position	The following table summarizes available-for-sale debt securities that were in an unrealized loss position for which an ACL has not been recorded, based on the length of time the individual securities have been in an unrealized loss position. The number of available-for-sale debt securities in an unrealized position is also disclosed. December 31, 2023 Number Less than 12 Months 12 Months or More Total (Dollars in thousands) Fair Unrealized Fair Unrealized Fair Unrealized Available-for-sale U.S. government and federal agency 57 $ 3,702 (56) 448,909 (29,613) 452,611 (29,669) U.S. government sponsored enterprises 14 — — 299,220 (22,774) 299,220 (22,774) State and local governments 85 3,039 (2) 64,645 (3,271) 67,684 (3,273) Corporate bonds 4 — — 23,262 (756) 23,262 (756) Residential mortgage-backed securities 402 1,430 (44) 2,809,482 (355,289) 2,810,912 (355,333) Commercial mortgage-backed securities 151 21,232 (268) 1,034,183 (86,302) 1,055,415 (86,570) Total available-for-sale 713 $ 29,403 (370) 4,679,701 (498,005) 4,709,104 (498,375) December 31, 2022 Number Less than 12 Months 12 Months or More Total (Dollars in thousands) Fair Unrealized Fair Unrealized Fair Unrealized Available-for-sale U.S. government and federal agency 56 $ 4,150 (64) 435,375 (42,552) 439,525 (42,616) U.S. government sponsored enterprises 14 — — 287,364 (32,793) 287,364 (32,793) State and local governments 121 71,512 (2,109) 20,753 (2,640) 92,265 (4,749) Corporate bonds 5 25,146 (992) — — 25,146 (992) Residential mortgage-backed securities 441 301,548 (24,581) 2,965,512 (414,511) 3,267,060 (439,092) Commercial mortgage-backed securities 157 673,102 (41,984) 435,176 (61,655) 1,108,278 (103,639) Total available-for-sale 794 $ 1,075,458 (69,730) 4,144,180 (554,151) 5,219,638 (623,881)
Credit quality indictors for HTM debt securities	Allowance for Credit Losses - Held-To-Maturity Debt Securities The Company measured expected credit losses on held-to-maturity debt securities on a collective basis by major security type and NRSRO credit ratings, which is the Company’s primary credit quality indicator for state and local government securities. The estimate of expected credit losses considered historical credit loss information that was adjusted for current conditions as well as reasonable and supportable forecasts. The following table summarizes the amortized cost of held-to-maturity municipal bonds aggregated by NRSRO credit rating: (Dollars in thousands) December 31, December 31, Municipal bonds held-to-maturity S&P: AAA / Moody’s: Aaa $ 427,918 430,542 S&P: AA+, AA, AA- / Moody’s: Aa1, Aa2, Aa3 1,182,894 1,206,441 S&P: A+, A, A- / Moody’s: A1, A2, A3 37,742 37,162 Not rated by either entity 1,446 8,495 Total municipal bonds held-to-maturity $ 1,650,000 1,682,640

Loans Receivable, Net (Tables)

Loans Receivable, Net (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023
Receivables [Abstract]
Summary of loans receivable	The following table presents loans receivable for each portfolio segment of loans: (Dollars in thousands) December 31, December 31, Residential real estate $ 1,704,544 1,446,008 Commercial real estate 10,303,306 9,797,047 Other commercial 2,901,863 2,799,668 Home equity 888,013 822,232 Other consumer 400,356 381,857 Loans receivable 16,198,082 15,246,812 Allowance for credit losses (192,757) (182,283) Loans receivable, net $ 16,005,325 15,064,529 Net deferred origination (fees) costs included in loans receivable $ (25,577) (25,882) Net purchase accounting (discounts) premiums included in loans receivable $ (13,802) (17,832) Accrued interest receivable on loans $ 67,362 54,971
Financing receivable, allowance for credit loss	The following table presents the provision for credit losses on the loan portfolio and off-balance sheet exposures: Year ended (Dollars in thousands) December 31, December 31, December 31, Provision for credit loss loans 20,790 17,433 16,380 Provision for credit loss unfunded (5,995) 2,530 6,696 Total provision for credit losses 14,795 19,963 23,076 Year ended December 31, 2023 (Dollars in thousands) Total Residential Real Estate Commercial Real Estate Other Commercial Home Equity Other Consumer Balance at beginning of period $ 182,283 19,683 125,816 21,454 10,759 4,571 Provision for credit losses 20,790 2,645 6,748 1,996 969 8,432 Charge-offs (15,095) (20) (2,080) (3,891) (129) (8,975) Recoveries 4,779 17 440 1,635 167 2,520 Balance at end of period $ 192,757 22,325 130,924 21,194 11,766 6,548 Year ended December 31, 2022 (Dollars in thousands) Total Residential Commercial Other Home Other Balance at beginning of period $ 172,665 16,458 117,901 24,703 8,566 5,037 Provision for credit losses 17,433 3,162 7,231 (704) 1,943 5,801 Charge-offs (14,970) (17) (2,171) (4,201) (85) (8,496) Recoveries 7,155 80 2,855 1,656 335 2,229 Balance at end of period $ 182,283 19,683 125,816 21,454 10,759 4,571 Year ended December 31, 2021 (Dollars in thousands) Total Residential Commercial Other Home Other Balance at beginning of period $ 158,243 9,604 86,999 49,133 8,182 4,325 Acquisitions 371 — 309 62 — — Provision for credit losses 16,380 6,517 28,996 (23,444) 186 4,125 Charge-offs (11,594) (38) (279) (4,826) (45) (6,406) Recoveries 9,265 375 1,876 3,778 243 2,993 Balance at end of period $ 172,665 16,458 117,901 24,703 8,566 5,037
Loan portfolio aging analysis	The following tables present an aging analysis of the recorded investment in loans: December 31, 2023 (Dollars in thousands) Total Residential Commercial Other Home Other Accruing loans 30-59 days past due $ 43,455 5,342 18,134 12,745 3,006 4,228 Accruing loans 60-89 days past due 6,512 729 2,439 774 1,527 1,043 Accruing loans 90 days or more past due 3,312 107 2,161 530 283 231 Non-accrual loans with no ACL 20,722 2,562 13,680 1,869 1,966 645 Non-accrual loans with ACL 94 — — 7 — 87 Total past due and non-accrual loans 74,095 8,740 36,414 15,925 6,782 6,234 Current loans receivable 16,123,987 1,695,804 10,266,892 2,885,938 881,231 394,122 Total loans receivable $ 16,198,082 1,704,544 10,303,306 2,901,863 888,013 400,356 December 31, 2022 (Dollars in thousands) Total Residential Commercial Other Home Other Accruing loans 30-59 days past due $ 16,331 2,796 5,462 4,192 754 3,127 Accruing loans 60-89 days past due 4,636 142 2,865 297 529 803 Accruing loans 90 days or more past due 1,559 215 472 542 138 192 Non-accrual loans with no ACL 31,036 2,236 22,943 3,790 1,234 833 Non-accrual loans with ACL 115 — — 56 — 59 Total past due and non-accrual loans 53,677 5,389 31,742 8,877 2,655 5,014 Current loans receivable 15,193,135 1,440,619 9,765,305 2,790,791 819,577 376,843 Total loans receivable $ 15,246,812 1,446,008 9,797,047 2,799,668 822,232 381,857
Summary of repayment through operation or sale of collateral	The following table presents the amortized cost basis of collateral-dependent loans by collateral type: December 31, 2023 (Dollars in thousands) Total Residential Commercial Other Home Other Business assets $ 3,236 — 6 3,230 — — Residential real estate 17,578 11,099 4,317 98 1,968 96 Other real estate 21,635 35 20,598 620 25 357 Other 595 — — 15 — 580 Total $ 43,044 11,134 24,921 3,963 1,993 1,033 December 31, 2022 (Dollars in thousands) Total Residential Commercial Other Home Other Business assets $ 3,172 — 32 3,140 — — Residential real estate 5,061 2,407 990 318 1,201 145 Other real estate 33,125 49 32,333 300 75 368 Other 1,155 — — 530 — 625 Total $ 42,513 2,456 33,355 4,288 1,276 1,138
Summary of loan modifications	The following tables shows the amortized cost basis at the end of the period of the loans modified to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty by segment: At or for the Year ended December 31, 2023 Term Extension and Payment Deferral Combination - Term Extension and Interest Rate Reduction (Dollars in thousands) Amortized Cost Basis % of Total Class of Financing Receivable Amortized Cost Basis % of Total Class of Financing Receivable Total Residential real estate $ 679 — % $ — — % $ 679 Commercial real estate 46,028 0.40 % 2,863 — % 48,891 Other commercial 9,218 0.30 % 1,702 0.10 % 10,920 Home equity 49 — % — — % 49 Other consumer 20 — % — — % 20 Total $ 55,994 $ 4,565 $ 60,559 The following table describes the financial effect of the modifications made to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty by segment: At or for the Year ended December 31, 2023 Weighted Average Interest Rate Reduction Weighted Average Term Extension Principal Forgiveness Residential real estate — % 1 month — Commercial real estate 0.88% 1.1 years — Other commercial 0.24% 8 months — Home equity —% 7 months — Other consumer —% 10 months $10,000 thousand The following tables present TDRs that occurred during the periods presented and the TDRs that occurred within the previous twelve months that subsequently defaulted during the periods presented: Year ended December 31, 2022 (Dollars in thousands) Total Residential Commercial Other Home Other TDRs that occurred during the period Number of loans 11 1 4 6 — — Pre-modification recorded balance $ 5,616 31 4,266 1,319 — — Post-modification recorded balance $ 6,346 31 4,862 1,453 — — Year ended December 31, 2021 (Dollars in thousands) Total Residential Commercial Other Home Other TDRs that occurred during the period Number of loans 12 1 5 3 1 2 Pre-modification recorded balance $ 2,442 210 1,473 554 54 151 Post-modification recorded balance $ 2,442 210 1,473 554 54 151
Loan portfolio modified aging analysis	The following table depicts the performance of loans that have been modified in the last twelve months by segment: December 31, 2023 (Dollars in thousands) Total Current 30-89 Days Past Due 90 Days or More Past Due Non-Accrual Residential real estate $ 679 679 — — — Commercial real estate 48,891 45,181 2,159 — 1,551 Other commercial 10,920 10,360 31 — 529 Home equity 49 — — — 49 Other consumer 20 20 — — — Total $ 60,559 56,240 2,190 — 2,129
Credit quality indicators for commercial loans	The following tables present the amortized cost in commercial real estate and other commercial loans based on the Company’s internal risk rating. The date of a modification, renewal or extension of a loan is considered for the year of origination if the terms of the loan are as favorable to the Company as the terms are for a comparable loan to other borrowers with similar credit risk. December 31, 2023 (Dollars in thousands) Gross Charge-Offs Total Pass Special Mention Substandard Doubtful/ Commercial real estate loans Term loans by origination year 2023 $ 889 1,316,100 1,313,446 97 2,557 — 2022 430 2,547,939 2,520,484 12,855 14,600 — 2021 145 2,200,677 2,178,153 19,782 2,742 — 2020 — 1,130,117 1,124,525 — 5,592 — 2019 — 691,810 656,203 1,104 34,503 — Prior 616 2,129,808 2,053,011 18,818 57,948 31 Revolving loans — 286,855 285,432 1 1,421 1 Total $ 2,080 10,303,306 10,131,254 52,657 119,363 32 Other commercial loans Term loans by origination year 2023 $ 3,080 369,059 367,337 — 1,603 119 2022 406 566,295 561,567 3,319 1,408 1 2021 — 531,558 519,151 10,187 2,218 2 2020 92 245,962 240,613 — 5,347 2 2019 — 145,828 141,336 — 4,490 2 Prior 313 448,619 443,400 — 5,219 — Revolving loans — 594,542 577,953 11,977 4,612 — Total $ 3,891 2,901,863 2,851,357 25,483 24,897 126 December 31, 2022 (Dollars in thousands) Total Pass Special Mention Substandard Doubtful/ Commercial real estate loans Term loans by origination year 2022 $ 2,584,831 2,578,558 — 6,273 — 2021 2,457,790 2,454,696 — 3,094 — 2020 1,274,852 1,269,254 — 5,598 — 2019 744,634 709,246 — 35,388 — 2018 658,268 634,316 — 23,952 — Prior 1,851,965 1,787,941 1,416 62,576 32 Revolving loans 224,707 224,629 — 78 — Total $ 9,797,047 9,658,640 1,416 136,959 32 Other commercial loans Term loans by origination year 2022 $ 603,393 599,498 371 3,469 55 2021 573,273 569,542 — 2,707 1,024 2020 308,555 304,179 — 4,373 3 2019 191,498 185,748 — 5,748 2 2018 140,122 135,727 — 4,394 1 Prior 404,319 398,523 114 5,322 360 Revolving loans 578,508 567,770 — 10,604 134 Total $ 2,799,668 2,760,987 485 36,617 1,579
Credit quality indicators for RRE and consumer loans	The following tables present the amortized cost in residential real estate, home equity and other consumer loans based on payment performance: December 31, 2023 (Dollars in thousands) Gross Charge-Offs Total Performing 30-89 Days Past Due Non-Accrual and 90 Days or More Past Due Residential real estate loans Term loans by origination year 2023 $ — 234,568 233,753 815 — 2022 5 673,782 671,196 2,586 — 2021 — 495,645 495,645 — — 2020 — 99,199 99,199 — — 2019 — 42,054 42,054 — — Prior 15 158,828 153,489 2,670 2,669 Revolving loans — 468 468 — — Total $ 20 1,704,544 1,695,804 6,071 2,669 Home equity loans Term loans by origination year 2023 $ — — — — — 2022 — 20 20 — — 2021 48 — — — — 2020 50 21 21 — — 2019 — 178 178 — — Prior 31 5,492 5,277 11 204 Revolving loans — 882,302 875,735 4,522 2,045 Total $ 129 888,013 881,231 4,533 2,249 Other consumer loans Term loans by origination year 2023 $ 7,801 139,295 137,035 2,079 181 2022 715 98,630 97,536 870 224 2021 170 62,961 62,107 805 49 2020 85 29,143 29,012 119 12 2019 73 12,335 12,279 43 13 Prior 131 17,314 16,664 173 477 Revolving loans — 40,678 39,489 1,182 7 Total $ 8,975 400,356 394,122 5,271 963 December 31, 2022 (Dollars in thousands) Total Performing 30-89 Days Past Due Non-Accrual and 90 Days or More Past Due Residential real estate loans Term loans by origination year 2022 $ 543,469 543,023 446 — 2021 552,748 551,756 992 — 2020 116,810 116,543 136 131 2019 45,055 44,604 451 — 2018 37,252 36,993 — 259 Prior 149,292 146,318 913 2,061 Revolving loans 1,382 1,382 — — Total $ 1,446,008 1,440,619 2,938 2,451 Home equity loans Term loans by origination year 2022 $ 60 60 — — 2021 77 77 — — 2020 82 82 — — 2019 225 195 — 30 2018 594 594 — — Prior 7,165 6,868 131 166 Revolving loans 814,029 811,701 1,152 1,176 Total $ 822,232 819,577 1,283 1,372 Other consumer loans Term loans by origination year 2022 $ 152,685 149,702 2,825 158 2021 94,210 93,749 421 40 2020 49,257 48,990 212 55 2019 20,432 20,166 96 170 2018 10,598 9,970 91 537 Prior 16,014 15,786 106 122 Revolving loans 38,661 38,480 179 2 Total $ 381,857 376,843 3,930 1,084

Premises and Equipment (Tables)

Premises and Equipment (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023
Property, Plant and Equipment [Abstract]
Premises and equipment, net of accumulated depreciation	Premises and equipment, net of accumulated depreciation, consist of the following: (Dollars in thousands) December 31, 2023 December 31, 2022 Land $ 76,557 74,285 Buildings and construction in progress 344,906 306,857 Furniture, fixtures and equipment 120,096 115,370 Leasehold improvements 16,328 15,394 Accumulated depreciation (201,159) (184,851) Net premises and equipment, excluding ROU assets 356,728 327,055 ROU assets 65,063 71,045 Net premises and equipment $ 421,791 398,100
Lease summary	The following table summarizes the Company’s leases: December 31, 2023 December 31, 2022 (Dollars in thousands) Finance Operating Finance Operating ROU assets $ 31,222 30,254 Accumulated depreciation (6,940) (2,760) Net ROU assets $ 24,282 40,781 27,494 43,551 Lease liabilities $ 25,116 44,319 28,204 46,579 Weighted-average remaining lease term 11 years 16 years 12 years 17 years Weighted-average discount rate 3.6 % 3.7 % 3.6 % 3.6 %
Maturities of lease liabilities	Maturities of lease liabilities consist of the following: December 31, 2023 (Dollars in thousands) Finance Operating Maturing within one year $ 4,685 4,623 Maturing one year through two years 4,669 4,756 Maturing two years through three years 4,679 4,580 Maturing three years through four years 4,688 4,301 Maturing four years through five years 578 3,768 Thereafter 11,135 39,043 Total lease payments 30,434 61,071 Present value of lease payments Short-term 3,847 3,078 Long-term 21,269 41,241 Total present value of lease payments 25,116 44,319 Difference between lease payments and present value of lease payments $ 5,318 16,752
Components of lease expense	The components of lease expense consist of the following: Year ended (Dollars in thousands) December 31, December 31, Finance lease cost Amortization of ROU assets 4,201 2,249 Interest on lease liabilities 958 565 Operating lease cost 5,531 5,927 Short-term lease cost 633 428 Variable lease cost 1,666 1,291 Sublease income (39) (43) Total lease expense 12,950 10,417
Supplemental cash flow information	Supplemental cash flow information related to leases is as follows: Year ended December 31, 2023 December 31, 2022 (Dollars in thousands) Finance Operating Finance Operating Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities Operating cash flows $ 958 3,500 566 3,961 Financing cash flows 3,588 N/A 2,355 N/A ______________________________ N/A - Not applicable

Other Intangible Assets and G_2

Other Intangible Assets and Goodwill (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023
Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]
Summary of core deposit intangibles	The following table sets forth information regarding the Company’s core deposit intangibles: At or for the Years ended (Dollars in thousands) December 31, December 31, December 31, Gross carrying value $ 95,120 95,120 95,120 Accumulated amortization (63,250) (53,519) (42,861) Net carrying value $ 31,870 41,601 52,259 Aggregate amortization expense $ 9,731 10,658 10,271 Estimated amortization expense for the years ending December 31, 2024 $ 8,815 2025 7,611 2026 6,561 2027 5,603 2028 2,168
Schedule of goodwill	The following schedule discloses the changes in the carrying value of goodwill: Years ended (Dollars in thousands) December 31, December 31, December 31, Net carrying value at beginning of period $ 985,393 985,393 514,013 Acquisitions and adjustments — — 471,380 Net carrying value at end of period $ 985,393 985,393 985,393

Loan Servicing (Tables)

Loan Servicing (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023
Mortgage Banking [Abstract]
Servicing asset at amortized cost	The following schedules disclose the change in the carrying value of mortgage servicing rights that is included in other assets, principal balances of loans serviced and the fair value of mortgage servicing rights: Years ended (Dollars in thousands) December 31, December 31, December 31, Carrying value at beginning of period $ 13,488 12,839 8,976 Acquisitions — — 1,354 Additions 434 2,461 4,435 Amortization (1,388) (1,812) (1,926) Carrying value at end of period $ 12,534 13,488 12,839 Principal balances of loans serviced for others $ 1,570,834 1,661,294 1,639,058 Fair value of servicing rights $ 18,000 19,716 16,938

Variable Interest Entities (Tab

Variable Interest Entities (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023
Equity Method Investments and Joint Ventures [Abstract]
Carrying amounts of consolidated VIEs' assets and liabilities	The following table summarizes the carrying amounts of the consolidated VIEs’ assets and liabilities included in the Company’s statements of financial condition and are adjusted for intercompany eliminations. All assets presented can be used only to settle obligations of the consolidated VIEs and all liabilities presented consist of liabilities for which creditors and other beneficial interest holders therein have no recourse to the general credit of the Company. (Dollars in thousands) December 31, December 31, Assets Loans receivable $ 136,527 134,603 Accrued interest receivable 376 370 Other assets 48,924 48,136 Total assets $ 185,827 183,109 Liabilities Other borrowed funds $ 56,578 49,089 Accrued interest payable 242 274 Other liabilities 182 179 Total liabilities $ 57,002 49,542
Future unfunded contingent commitments	Future unfunded contingent equity commitments related to the Company’s LIHTC investments at December 31, 2023 are as follows: (Dollars in thousands) Amount Years ending December 31, 2024 $ 55,849 2025 34,066 2026 10,661 2027 355 2028 287 Thereafter 2,337 Total $ 103,555
Amortization expense and tax credits and other tax benefits recognized for qualified affordable housing project investments	The following table summarizes the amortization expense and the amount of tax credits and other tax benefits recognized for qualified affordable housing project investments during the periods presented. Years ended (Dollars in thousands) December 31, 2023 December 31, 2022 December 31, Amortization expense $ 15,178 11,360 8,671 Tax credits and other tax benefits recognized 19,908 15,389 12,264

Deposits (Tables)

Deposits (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023
Deposits [Abstract]
Scheduled maturities of time deposits	The scheduled maturities of time deposits are as follows and includes $0 of whole sale deposits as of December 31, 2023: (Dollars in thousands) Amount Years ending December 31, 2024 $ 2,712,004 2025 138,299 2026 33,770 2027 18,684 2028 12,636 Thereafter — $ 2,915,393

Borrowings (Tables)

Borrowings (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023
Debt Disclosure [Abstract]
Carrying value of repurchase agreements by maturity and category of collateral	The following tables summarize the carrying value of the Company’s repurchase agreements by remaining contractual maturity and category of collateral: December 31, 2023 December 31, 2022 Remaining Contractual Maturity of the Agreements (Dollars in thousands) Overnight and Continuous U.S. government and federal agency $ 113,509 — Residential mortgage-backed securities 1,306,047 945,916 Commercial mortgage-backed securities 67,294 — Total $ 1,486,850 945,916

Subordinated Debentures (Tables

Subordinated Debentures (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023
Debt Instruments [Abstract]
Summary of subordinated debentures	The Company’s subordinated debentures are reflected in the table below. The amounts include fair value adjustments from acquisitions. December 31, 2023 Rate Structure Maturity (Dollars in thousands) Balance Rate 1 Subordinated debentures owed to trust subsidiaries First Company Statutory Trust 2001 $ 3,647 8.945 % 3 month CME Term SOFR plus 3.30% 07/31/2031 First Company Statutory Trust 2003 2,676 8.872 % 3 month CME Term SOFR plus 3.25% 03/26/2033 Glacier Capital Trust II 46,393 8.405 % 3 month CME Term SOFR plus 2.75% 04/07/2034 Citizens (ID) Statutory Trust I 5,155 8.289 % 3 month CME Term SOFR plus 2.65% 06/17/2034 Glacier Capital Trust III 36,083 6.945 % 3 month CME Term SOFR plus 1.29% 04/07/2036 Glacier Capital Trust IV 30,928 7.216 % 3 month CME Term SOFR plus 1.57% 09/15/2036 Bank of the San Juans Bancorporation Trust I 2,112 7.459 % 3 month CME Term SOFR plus 1.82% 03/01/2037 FNB (UT) Statutory Trust I 4,124 8.722 % 3 month CME Term SOFR plus 3.10% 06/26/2033 FNB (UT) Statutory Trust II 1,825 7.366 % 3 month CME Term SOFR plus 1.72% 12/15/2036 Total subordinated debentures owed to trust subsidiaries $ 132,943 _____________________________ 1 This is the paid rate on the subordinated debentures which excludes the impact from the interest rate cap derivatives. For additional information relating to interest rate cap derivatives, see Note 11 .

Derivatives and Hedging Activ_2

Derivatives and Hedging Activities (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023
Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities Disclosure [Abstract]
Summary of pre-tax gains or losses	The effect of cash flow hedge accounting on OCI for the periods ending December 31, 2023, 2022, and 2021 was as follows: Years ended (Dollars in thousands) December 31, December 31, December 31, Amount of gain recognized in OCI $ 2,006 7,809 901 Amount of gain reclassified from OCI to interest expense 4,605 817 —
Summary of derivative instruments	The following tables present the notional and estimated fair value amount of derivative positions outstanding at December 31, 2023: Weighted Average (Dollars in thousands) Notional Amount Asset Derivative Liability Derivative Remaining Maturity Receive Rate Pay Rate Interest rate swap - securities $ 1,500,000 $ — $ 17,988 2.1 years SOFR 4.63 % The following amounts were recorded on the balance sheet related to cumulative basis adjustments for fair value hedges at December 31, 2023: (Dollars in thousands) Amortized cost of the Hedged Assets/Liabilities Amortized Cost of Fair Value Hedging Adjustment Included in the Carrying Amount of the Hedged Assets/Liabilities Line item on the balance sheet December 31, December 31, Investment securities available-for-sale $ 3,807,239 $ (17,988) The effects of the fair value hedge relationships on the income statement during the the year ended December 31, 2023 were as follows: Years ended (Dollars in thousands) Location of Gain (Loss) 2023 Interest rate swap Interest income on investment securities $ 1,607 AFS debt securities Interest income on investment securities (1,607)

Regulatory Capital (Tables)

Regulatory Capital (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023
Banking and Thrift, Interest [Abstract]
Capital adequacy guidelines and compliance	The following tables illustrate the FRB’s adequacy guidelines and the Company’s and the Bank’s compliance with those guidelines: December 31, 2023 Actual Required for Capital Adequacy Purposes To Be Well Capitalized (Dollars in thousands) Amount Ratio Amount Ratio Amount Ratio Total capital (to risk-weighted assets) Consolidated $ 2,724,988 14.61 % $ 1,492,211 8.00 % N/A N/A Glacier Bank 2,621,674 14.07 % 1,490,668 8.00 % $ 1,863,335 10.00 % Tier 1 capital (to risk-weighted assets) Consolidated 2,397,716 12.85 % 1,119,158 6.00 % N/A N/A Glacier Bank 2,424,902 13.01 % 1,118,001 6.00 % 1,490,668 8.00 % Common Equity Tier 1 (to risk-weighted assets) Consolidated 2,397,716 12.85 % 839,369 4.50 % N/A N/A Glacier Bank 2,424,902 13.00 % 838,501 4.50 % 1,211,168 6.50 % Tier 1 capital (to average assets) Consolidated 2,397,716 8.71 % 1,101,349 4.00 % N/A N/A Glacier Bank 2,424,902 8.81 % 1,100,600 4.00 % 1,375,750 5.00 % December 31, 2022 Actual Required for Capital Adequacy Purposes To Be Well Capitalized (Dollars in thousands) Amount Ratio Amount Ratio Amount Ratio Total capital (to risk-weighted assets) Consolidated $ 2,629,557 14.02 % $ 1,500,096 8.00 % N/A N/A Glacier Bank 2,544,147 13.58 % 1,498,264 8.00 % $ 1,872,830 10.00 % Tier 1 capital (to risk-weighted assets) Consolidated 2,314,322 12.34 % 1,125,072 6.00 % N/A N/A Glacier Bank 2,359,412 12.60 % 1,123,698 6.00 % 1,498,264 8.00 % Common Equity Tier 1 (to risk-weighted assets) Consolidated 2,314,322 12.34 % 843,804 4.50 % N/A N/A Glacier Bank 2,359,412 12.60 % 842,774 4.50 % 1,217,340 6.50 % Tier 1 capital (to average assets) Consolidated 2,314,322 8.79 % 1,053,214 4.00 % N/A N/A Glacier Bank 2,359,412 8.97 % 1,052,136 4.00 % 1,315,169 5.00 % ______________________________ N/A - Not applicable

Stock-based Compensation Plan (

Stock-based Compensation Plan (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023
Share-Based Payment Arrangement [Abstract]
Activity for restricted stock units	The following table summarizes the restricted stock unit activity for the year ended December 31, 2023: Restricted Weighted- Non-vested at December 31, 2022 258,199 $ 51.89 Granted 172,707 47.24 Vested (148,809) 49.79 Forfeited (5,114) 50.26 Non-vested at December 31, 2023 276,983 50.14

Other Expenses (Tables)

Other Expenses (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023
Other Expenses [Abstract]
Schedule of other expenses	Other expenses consists of the following: Years ended (Dollars in thousands) December 31, December 31, December 31, Consulting and outside services $ 16,947 15,719 11,297 Debit card expenses 12,189 9,317 5,722 Loan expenses 8,135 7,688 7,438 VIE amortization and other expenses 7,333 7,229 6,323 Employee expenses 6,227 5,811 3,527 Telephone 6,109 6,577 5,631 Business development 5,630 5,893 5,250 Postage 4,300 4,095 3,681 Printing and supplies 3,130 4,026 3,334 Checking and operating expenses 2,781 2,284 2,020 Accounting and audit fees 1,956 2,005 1,538 Legal fees 1,490 2,210 1,391 Mergers and acquisition expenses 1,300 9,957 9,830 Loss (gain) on dispositions of fixed assets 160 (3,047) (950) Other 9,301 7,754 4,577 Total other expenses $ 86,988 87,518 70,609

Federal and State Income Taxes

Federal and State Income Taxes (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]
Summary of consolidated income tax expense	The following table is a summary of consolidated income tax expense: Years ended (Dollars in thousands) December 31, December 31, December 31, Current Federal $ 27,626 42,951 51,180 State 16,548 21,950 22,596 Total current income tax expense 44,174 64,901 73,776 Deferred 1 Federal 404 1,712 (7,151) State 103 465 (1,944) Total deferred income tax expense (benefit) 507 2,177 (9,095) Total income tax expense $ 44,681 67,078 64,681 ______________________________ 1
Summary of effective tax rate	Combined federal and state income tax expense differs from that computed at the federal statutory corporate income tax rate as follows: Years ended December 31, December 31, December 31, Federal statutory rate 21.0 % 21.0 % 21.0 % State taxes, net of federal income tax benefit 4.9 % 4.8 % 4.7 % Tax-exempt interest income (4.3 %) (4.4 %) (4.2 %) Tax credits (5.6 %) (2.8 %) (4.8 %) Other, net 0.7 % (0.5 %) 1.8 % Effective income tax rate 16.7 % 18.1 % 18.5 %
Summary of net deferred tax asset	The tax effect of temporary differences which give rise to a significant portion of deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities are as follows: (Dollars in thousands) December 31, December 31, Deferred tax assets Available-for-sale debt securities $ 124,533 157,381 Allowance for credit losses 53,074 52,445 Operating lease liabilities 11,093 11,871 Employee benefits 9,465 11,024 Deferred compensation 8,690 8,211 Interest rate swaps 4,502 — Acquisition fair market value adjustments 3,606 4,932 Transferred debt securities 1,601 3,017 Net operating loss carryforwards 919 1,253 Other 4,112 2,376 Total gross deferred tax assets 221,595 252,510 Deferred tax liabilities Depreciation of premises and equipment (17,728) (17,091) Operating lease ROU assets (10,207) (11,004) Deferred loan costs (10,103) (10,083) Intangibles (6,014) (8,212) Debt securities fair value hedge (4,502) — Mortgage servicing rights (3,137) (3,408) Other (10,834) (9,525) Total gross deferred tax liabilities (62,525) (59,323) Net deferred tax asset $ 159,070 193,187
Income tax return jurisdictions and years subject to examination	The following schedule summarizes the years that remain subject to examination as of December 31, 2023: Years ended December 31, Federal 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2016, 2020, 2021 and 2022 Colorado 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012, 2019, 2020, 2021 and 2022 Arizona, California, Kentucky, Michigan, Minnesota, New Jersey, Texas, & Wisconsin 2019, 2020, 2021 and 2022 Alabama, Alaska, Arkansas, Connecticut, Florida, Georgia, Idaho, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Louisiana, Maryland, Massachusetts, Mississippi, Missouri, Montana, New York, North Carolina, North Dakota, Oregon, Pennsylvania, South Carolina, Tennessee, Utah, & Virginia 2020, 2021 and 2022 Hawaii, New Hampshire, New Mexico, Oklahoma 2021 and 2022

Accumulated Other Comprehensi_2

Accumulated Other Comprehensive (Loss) Income (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023
Equity [Abstract]
Activity within accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax	The following table illustrates the activity within accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income by component, net of tax: (Dollars in thousands) (Losses) Gains on Available-For-Sale and Transferred Debt Securities (Losses) Gains on Derivatives Used for Cash Flow Hedges Total Balance at January 1, 2021 $ 143,443 (353) 143,090 Other comprehensive (loss) income before reclassifications (113,161) 674 (112,487) Reclassification adjustments for gains and transfers included in net income (590) — (590) Reclassification adjustments for amortization included in net income for transferred securities (2,654) — (2,654) Net current period other comprehensive (loss) income (116,405) 674 (115,731) Balance at December 31, 2021 $ 27,038 321 27,359 Other comprehensive (loss) income before reclassifications (502,611) 5,836 (496,775) Reclassification adjustments for gains and transfers included in net income (999) (611) (1,610) Reclassification adjustments for amortization included in net income for transferred securities 2,234 — 2,234 Net current period other comprehensive (loss) income (501,376) 5,225 (496,151) Balance at December 31, 2022 $ (474,338) 5,546 (468,792) Other comprehensive income before reclassifications 92,391 1,521 93,912 Reclassification adjustments for gains and transfers included in net income 24 (3,452) (3,428) Reclassifications adjustments for amortization included in net income for transferred securities 4,195 — 4,195 Net current period other comprehensive income (loss) 96,610 (1,931) 94,679 Balance at December 31, 2023 $ (377,728) 3,615 (374,113)

Earnings Per Share (Tables)

Earnings Per Share (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023
Earnings Per Share [Abstract]
Basic and diluted earnings per share	Basic and diluted earnings per share has been computed based on the following: Years ended (Dollars in thousands, except per share data) December 31, December 31, December 31, Net income available to common stockholders, basic and diluted $ 222,927 303,202 284,757 Average outstanding shares - basic 110,864,501 110,757,473 99,313,255 Add: dilutive restricted stock units and stock options 25,946 70,460 84,995 Average outstanding shares - diluted 110,890,447 110,827,933 99,398,250 Basic earnings per share $ 2.01 2.74 2.87 Diluted earnings per share $ 2.01 2.74 2.86 Restricted stock units and stock options excluded from the diluted average outstanding share calculation 1 223,626 8,642 194 ______________________________ 1 Anti-dilution occurs when the unrecognized compensation cost per share of a restricted stock unit or the exercise price of a stock option exceeds the market price of the Company’s stock.

Parent Holding Company Inform_2

Parent Holding Company Information (Condensed) (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023
Condensed Financial Information Disclosure [Abstract]
Condensed statements of financial condition	The following condensed financial information was the unconsolidated information for the parent holding company: Condensed Statements of Financial Condition (Dollars in thousands) December 31, December 31, Assets Cash on hand and in banks $ 15,499 18,491 Interest bearing cash deposits 85,319 57,193 Cash and cash equivalents 100,818 75,684 Other assets 18,206 26,864 Investment in subsidiaries 3,043,852 2,882,849 Total assets $ 3,162,876 2,985,397 Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity Dividends payable $ 579 540 Subordinated debentures 132,943 132,782 Other liabilities 9,073 8,770 Total liabilities 142,595 142,092 Common stock 1,109 1,108 Paid-in capital 2,350,104 2,344,005 Retained earnings 1,043,181 966,984 Accumulated other comprehensive loss (374,113) (468,792) Total stockholders’ equity 3,020,281 2,843,305 Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity $ 3,162,876 2,985,397
Condensed statements of operations and comprehensive income	Condensed Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income Years ended (Dollars in thousands) December 31, December 31, December 31, Income Dividends from subsidiaries $ 175,000 123,000 207,000 Intercompany charges for services 2,271 2,880 2,654 Other income 1,444 401 500 Total income 178,715 126,281 210,154 Expenses Compensation and employee benefits 6,552 7,003 6,516 Other operating expenses 11,167 10,247 13,624 Total expenses 17,719 17,250 20,140 Income before income tax benefit and equity in undistributed net income of subsidiaries 160,996 109,031 190,014 Income tax benefit 3,096 2,913 3,407 Income before equity in undistributed net income of subsidiaries 164,092 111,944 193,421 Equity in undistributed net income of subsidiaries 58,835 191,258 91,336 Net Income $ 222,927 303,202 284,757 Comprehensive Income (Loss) $ 317,606 (192,949) 169,026
Condensed statements of cash flows	Condensed Statements of Cash Flows Years ended (Dollars in thousands) December 31, December 31, December 31, Operating Activities Net income $ 222,927 303,202 284,757 Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities: Subsidiary income in excess of dividends distributed (58,835) (191,258) (91,336) Stock-based compensation, net of tax benefits 1,742 1,685 1,628 Net change in other assets and other liabilities 7,788 1,794 (7,245) Net cash provided by operating activities 173,622 115,423 187,804 Investing Activities Net additions of premises and equipment (3) (4) (13) Proceeds from sale of marketable equity securities — 63 186 Equity received from subsidiaries — — 248 Net cash (used in) provided by investing activities (3) 59 421 Financing Activities Net decrease in other borrowed funds — — (7,500) Cash dividends paid (146,690) (157,540) (145,557) Tax withholding payments for stock-based compensation (1,795) (1,704) (1,553) Proceeds from stock option exercises — 140 265 Net cash used in financing activities (148,485) (159,104) (154,345) Net increase (decrease) in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash 25,134 (43,622) 33,880 Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at beginning of period 75,684 119,306 85,426 Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at end of period $ 100,818 75,684 119,306

Unaudited Quarterly Financial_2

Unaudited Quarterly Financial Data (Condensed) (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023
Quarterly Financial Information Disclosure [Abstract]
Summarized unaudited quarterly financial data	Summarized unaudited quarterly financial data is as follows: Quarters ended 2023 (Dollars in thousands, except per share data) March 31 June 30 September 30 December 31 Interest income $ 231,888 247,365 264,906 273,496 Interest expense 45,696 75,385 97,852 107,040 Net interest income 186,192 171,980 167,054 166,456 Provision for credit losses 5,470 2,773 3,539 3,013 Net interest income after provision for credit losses 180,722 169,207 163,515 163,443 Non-interest income 27,895 29,079 30,240 30,865 Non-interest expense 134,982 130,604 129,576 132,196 Income before income taxes 73,635 67,682 64,179 62,112 Federal and state income tax expense 12,424 12,727 11,734 7,796 Net income $ 61,211 54,955 52,445 54,316 Basic earnings per share $ 0.55 0.50 0.47 0.49 Diluted earnings per share $ 0.55 0.50 0.47 0.49 Quarters ended 2022 (Dollars in thousands, except per share data) March 31 June 30 September 30 December 31 Interest income $ 190,516 199,637 214,402 225,085 Interest expense 4,961 6,199 9,075 21,026 Net interest income 185,555 193,438 205,327 204,059 Provision for credit losses 7,031 (1,533) 8,341 6,124 Net interest income after provision for credit losses 178,524 194,971 196,986 197,935 Non-interest income 33,563 28,280 30,406 28,483 Non-interest expense 130,308 129,521 130,060 128,979 Income before income taxes 81,779 93,730 97,332 97,439 Federal and state income tax expense 13,984 17,338 17,994 17,762 Net income $ 67,795 76,392 79,338 79,677 Basic earnings per share $ 0.61 0.69 0.72 0.72 Diluted earnings per share $ 0.61 0.69 0.72 0.72

Fair Value of Assets and Liab_2

Fair Value of Assets and Liabilities (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023
Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]
Fair value measurement of assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis	The following tables disclose the fair value measurement of assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis: Fair Value Measurements (Dollars in thousands) Fair Value December 31, 2023 Quoted Prices Significant Significant Debt securities, available-for-sale U.S. government and federal agency $ 455,347 — 455,347 — U.S. government sponsored enterprises 299,219 — 299,219 — State and local governments 98,932 — 98,932 — Corporate bonds 26,253 — 26,253 — Residential mortgage-backed securities 2,811,263 — 2,811,263 — Commercial mortgage-backed securities 1,094,705 — 1,094,705 — Loans held for sale, at fair value 15,691 — 15,691 — Interest rate caps 4,990 — 4,990 — Interest rate locks 604 — 604 — Total assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis $ 4,807,004 — 4,807,004 — TBA hedge $ 350 — 350 — Interest rate Swap 17,988 — 17,988 — Total liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis $ 18,338 — 18,338 — Fair Value Measurements (Dollars in thousands) Fair Value December 31, 2022 Quoted Prices Significant Significant Debt securities, available-for-sale U.S. government and federal agency $ 444,727 — 444,727 — U.S. government sponsored enterprises 287,364 — 287,364 — State and local governments 132,993 — 132,993 — Corporate bonds 26,109 — 26,109 — Residential mortgage-backed securities 3,267,341 — 3,267,341 — Commercial mortgage-backed securities 1,148,773 — 1,148,773 — Loans held for sale, at fair value 12,314 — 12,314 — Interest rate caps 7,757 — 7,757 — Interest rate locks 362 — 362 — Total assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis $ 5,327,740 — 5,327,740 — TBA hedge $ 188 — 188 — Total liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis $ 188 — 188 —
Fair value measurement of assets measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis	The following tables disclose the fair value measurement of assets with a recorded change during the period resulting from re-measuring the assets at fair value on a non-recurring basis: Fair Value Measurements (Dollars in thousands) Fair Value December 31, 2023 Quoted Prices Significant Significant Other real estate owned $ 166 — — 166 Collateral-dependent impaired loans, net of ACL 1,332 — — 1,332 Total assets measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis $ 1,498 — — 1,498 Fair Value Measurements (Dollars in thousands) Fair Value December 31, 2022 Quoted Prices Significant Significant Collateral-dependent impaired loans, net of ACL 1,360 — — 1,360 Total assets measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis $ 1,360 — — 1,360
Quantitative information about assets measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis for which Level 3 inputs were used	The following tables present additional quantitative information about assets measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis and for which the Company has utilized Level 3 inputs to determine fair value: Fair Value Quantitative Information about Level 3 Fair Value Measurements (Dollars in thousands) December 31, Valuation Technique Unobservable Input Range (Weighted- Average) 1 Collateral-dependent $ 1,258 Cost approach Selling costs 10.0% - 10.0% (10.0%) 74 Sales comparison approach Selling costs 10.0% - 10.0% (10.0%) $ 1,332 Fair Value Quantitative Information about Level 3 Fair Value Measurements (Dollars in thousands) December 31, Valuation Technique Unobservable Input Range (Weighted- Average) 1 Collateral-dependent impaired loans, net of ACL $ 1,329 Cost approach Selling costs 10.0% - 10.0% (10.0%) 31 Sales comparison approach Selling Costs 10.0% - 10.0% (10.0%) Adjustment to comparables 0.0% - 0.0% (0.0%) $ 1,360 ______________________________ 1 The range for selling cost inputs represents reductions to the fair value of the assets.
Carrying amounts and estimated fair values of financial instruments	The following tables present the carrying amounts, estimated fair values and the level within the fair value hierarchy of the Company’s financial instruments not carried at fair value. Receivables and payables due in one year or less, equity securities without readily determinable fair values and deposits with no defined or contractual maturities are excluded. There have been no significant changes in the valuation techniques during the period ended December 31, 2023. Cash and cash equivalents: fair value is estimated at book value. Debt securities, held-to-maturity: fair value for held-to-maturity debt securities is estimated in the same manner as available-for sale debt securities, which is described above. Loans receivable, net of ACL: The loans were fair valued on an individual basis, with consideration given to the loans' underlying characteristics, including account types, remaining terms and balance, interest rates, past delinquencies, current market rates, etc. The model utilizes a discounted cash flow approach to estimate the fair value of the loans using various assumptions such as prepayment speeds, projected default probabilities, losses given defaults, etc. The discounted cash flow approach models the credit losses directly in the projected cash flows. The model applies various assumptions regarding credit, interest, and prepayment risks for the loans based on loan types, payment types and fixed or variable classifications. Term Deposits: fair value of term deposits is estimated by discounting the future cash flows using rates of similar deposits with similar maturities. The market rates used were obtained from an independent third party based on current rates offered by the Company’s regional competitors. FHLB advances: fair value of advances is estimated based on borrowing rates currently available to the Company for advances with similar terms and maturities. FRB borrowing: fair value of borrowings through the FRB is estimated based on borrowing rates currently available to the Company through the FRB Bank Term Funding facility with similar terms and maturities Repurchase agreements and other borrowed funds: fair value of term repurchase agreements and other term borrowings is estimated based on current repurchase rates and borrowing rates currently available to the Company for repurchases and borrowings with similar terms and maturities. The estimated fair value for overnight repurchase agreements and other borrowings is book value. Subordinated debentures: fair value of the subordinated debt is estimated by discounting the estimated future cash flows using current estimated market rates obtained from an independent third party. Off-balance sheet financial instruments: unused lines of credit and letters of credit represent the principal categories of off-balance sheet financial instruments. The fair value of commitments is based on fees currently charged to enter into similar agreements, taking into account the remaining terms of the agreements and the counterparties’ credit standing. The fair value of unused lines of credit and letters of credit is not material; therefore, such commitments are not included in the following tables. Fair Value Measurements (Dollars in thousands) Carrying Amount December 31, 2023 Quoted Prices Significant Significant Financial assets Cash and cash equivalents $ 1,354,342 1,354,342 — — Debt securities, held-to-maturity 3,502,411 — 3,180,194 — Loans receivable, net of ACL 16,005,325 — — 16,133,681 Total financial assets $ 20,862,078 1,354,342 3,180,194 16,133,681 Financial liabilities Term deposits $ 2,915,393 — 2,955,521 — FRB Bank Term Funding 2,740,000 — 2,738,031 — Repurchase agreements and other borrowed funds 1,568,545 — 1,568,545 — Subordinated debentures 132,943 — 119,768 — Total financial liabilities $ 7,356,881 — 7,381,865 — Fair Value Measurements (Dollars in thousands) Carrying Amount December 31, 2022 Quoted Prices Significant Significant Financial assets Cash and cash equivalents $ 401,995 401,995 — — Debt securities, held-to-maturity 3,715,052 — 3,274,792 — Loans receivable, net of ACL 15,064,529 — — 14,806,354 Total financial assets $ 19,181,576 401,995 3,274,792 14,806,354 Financial liabilities Term deposits $ 880,589 — 874,850 — FHLB advances 1,800,000 — 1,799,936 — Repurchase agreements and other borrowed funds 1,023,209 — 1,023,209 — Subordinated debentures 132,782 — 122,549 — Total financial liabilities $ 3,836,580 — 3,820,544 —

Commitments and Contingent Li_2

Commitments and Contingent Liabilities (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023
Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]
Outstanding commitments	The Company had the following outstanding commitments: (Dollars in thousands) December 31, December 31, Unused lines of credit $ 4,079,511 4,740,829 Letters of credit 82,827 88,889 Total outstanding commitments $ 4,162,338 4,829,718

Nature of Operations and Summ_4

Nature of Operations and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies - Narrative (Details)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023 USD ($) quarter operatingSegment component bankDivision reporting_unit	Dec. 31, 2022 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2021 USD ($)
Property, Plant and Equipment
Number of bank divisions | bankDivision	17
Number of operating segments | operatingSegment	1
Maximum period of original maturity to be included in cash and cash equivalents	3 months
Restricted cash	$ 17,440,000	$ 0
Federal reserve balance or cash on hand required	$ 0
Minimum period past due to consider loans as delinquent	30 days
Minimum period past due to consider loans as non accrual	90 days
Financing receivable, allowance for credit losses, forecasting period | quarter	4
Financing receivable, allowance for credit losses, number of components | component	2
Debt securities, period increase (decrease)	$ 0	0	$ 0
Maximum term leases will be considered short-term	12 months
Maximum period up to which purchase price of business is allocated to assets acquired and liabilities assumed	1 year
Number of reporting units subsequent to aggregation for goodwill assessment | reporting_unit	1
Revenue from contracts with customers	$ 88,547,000	82,850,000	$ 65,194,000
Impairment losses on receivables related to contracts with customers	$ 0	$ 0
Percentage of likelihood for term more likely than not as it relates to income taxes	50%
Minimum
Property, Plant and Equipment
Period past due to consider loan as purchased credit-deteriorated loan	90 days
Minimum number of days delinquent to charge off loans	120 days
Number of years for home equity loan origination term	10 years
Period past due to consider loans as delinquent	30 days
Period past due to consider loans as non accrual	90 days
Minimum | Office Buildings
Property, Plant and Equipment
Useful life of premises and equipment	15 years
Minimum | Furniture, Fixtures and Equipment
Property, Plant and Equipment
Useful life of premises and equipment	3 years
Maximum
Property, Plant and Equipment
Number of years for home equity loan origination term	15 years
Period past due to consider loans as delinquent	89 days
Maximum | Office Buildings
Property, Plant and Equipment
Useful life of premises and equipment	40 years
Maximum | Furniture, Fixtures and Equipment
Property, Plant and Equipment
Useful life of premises and equipment	10 years

Nature of Operations and Summ_5

Nature of Operations and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies - Schedule of Provision For Credit Losses (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended								12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Sep. 30, 2023	Jun. 30, 2023	Mar. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Sep. 30, 2022	Jun. 30, 2022	Mar. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Accounting Policies [Abstract]
Provision for credit losses									$ 20,790	$ 17,433	$ 16,380
Provision for credit loss unfunded									(5,995)	2,530	6,696
Total provision for credit losses	$ 3,013	$ 3,539	$ 2,773	$ 5,470	$ 6,124	$ 8,341	$ (1,533)	$ 7,031	$ 14,795	$ 19,963	$ 23,076

Debt Securities - Amortized Cos

Debt Securities - Amortized Cost, Gross Unrealized Gains and Losses and Fair Value of Investment Securities (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Available-for-sale
Amortized Cost	$ 5,283,253	$ 5,930,103
Gross Unrealized Gains	841	1,085
Gross Unrealized Losses	(498,375)	(623,881)
Fair Value	4,785,719	5,307,307
Held-to-maturity
Amortized Cost	3,502,411	3,715,052
Gross Unrealized Gains	2,843	1,045
Gross Unrealized Losses	(325,060)	(441,305)
Fair Value	3,180,194	3,274,792
Total debt securities
Amortized Cost	8,785,664	9,645,155
Gross Unrealized Gains	3,684	2,130
Gross Unrealized Losses	(823,435)	(1,065,186)
Fair Value	7,965,913	8,582,099
U.S. government and federal agency
Available-for-sale
Amortized Cost	485,005	487,320
Gross Unrealized Gains	11	23
Gross Unrealized Losses	(29,669)	(42,616)
Fair Value	455,347	444,727
Held-to-maturity
Amortized Cost	853,273	846,046
Gross Unrealized Gains	0	0
Gross Unrealized Losses	(65,472)	(83,796)
Fair Value	787,801	762,250
U.S. government sponsored enterprises
Available-for-sale
Amortized Cost	321,993	320,157
Gross Unrealized Gains	0	0
Gross Unrealized Losses	(22,774)	(32,793)
Fair Value	299,219	287,364
State and local governments
Available-for-sale
Amortized Cost	101,903	137,033
Gross Unrealized Gains	302	709
Gross Unrealized Losses	(3,273)	(4,749)
Fair Value	98,932	132,993
Held-to-maturity
Amortized Cost	1,650,000	1,682,640
Gross Unrealized Gains	2,843	1,045
Gross Unrealized Losses	(181,192)	(248,233)
Fair Value	1,471,651	1,435,452
Corporate bonds
Available-for-sale
Amortized Cost	27,007	27,101
Gross Unrealized Gains	2	0
Gross Unrealized Losses	(756)	(992)
Fair Value	26,253	26,109
Residential mortgage-backed securities
Available-for-sale
Amortized Cost	3,166,589	3,706,427
Gross Unrealized Gains	7	6
Gross Unrealized Losses	(355,333)	(439,092)
Fair Value	2,811,263	3,267,341
Held-to-maturity
Amortized Cost	999,138	1,186,366
Gross Unrealized Gains	0	0
Gross Unrealized Losses	(78,396)	(109,276)
Fair Value	920,742	1,077,090
Commercial mortgage-backed securities
Available-for-sale
Amortized Cost	1,180,756	1,252,065
Gross Unrealized Gains	519	347
Gross Unrealized Losses	(86,570)	(103,639)
Fair Value	$ 1,094,705	$ 1,148,773

Debt Securities - Maturity Sche

Debt Securities - Maturity Schedule (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Available-for-Sale, Amortized Cost
Due within one year	$ 3,632
Due after one year through five years	857,022
Due after five years through ten years	36,144
Due after ten years	39,110
Total before mortgage-backed securities	935,908
Mortgage-backed securities	4,347,345
Amortized Cost	5,283,253	$ 5,930,103
Available-for-Sale, Fair Value
Due within one year	3,653
Due after one year through five years	804,203
Due after five years through ten years	35,010
Due after ten years	36,885
Total before mortgage-backed securities	879,751
Mortgage-backed securities	3,905,968
Fair Value	4,785,719	5,307,307
Held-to-Maturity, Amortized Cost
Due within one year	5,233
Due after one year through five years	927,824
Due after five years through ten years	184,556
Due after ten years	1,385,660
Total before mortgage-backed securities	2,503,273
Mortgage-backed securities	999,138
Amortized Cost	3,502,411	3,715,052
Held-to-Maturity, Fair Value
Due within one year	5,213
Due after one year through five years	860,978
Due after five years through ten years	177,537
Due after ten years	1,215,724
Total before mortgage-backed securities	2,259,452
Mortgage-backed securities	920,742
Fair Value	$ 3,180,194	$ 3,274,792

Debt Securities - Gain or Loss

Debt Securities - Gain or Loss on Sale (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Available-for-sale
Proceeds from sales and calls of debt securities	$ 31,944	$ 428,225	$ 188,431
Gross realized gains	145	3,357	984
Gross realized losses	(176)	(2,021)	(194)
Held-to-maturity
Proceeds from calls of debt securities	18,125	28,210	48,475
Gross realized gains	10	64	3
Gross realized losses	$ (193)	$ (780)	$ (1,431)

Debt Securities - Narrative (De

Debt Securities - Narrative (Details)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023 USD ($) security	Dec. 31, 2022 USD ($)
Summary of debt securities
Equity securities, realized gain (loss)	$ 1,700,000
Debt securities, available-for-sale	$ 4,785,719,000	$ 5,307,307,000
Severity rate on available-for-sale debt securities in an unrealized loss position	5%
Number of credit rating categories, highest | security	4
Interest receivable, available-for-sale debt securities	$ 9,319,000	10,518,000
ACL on available-for-sale debt securities	0
Debt securities, held-to-maturity	3,502,411,000	3,715,052,000
Interest receivable, held-to-maturity debt securities	16,990,000	17,524,000
ACL on held-to-maturity debt securities	0	0
Asset Pledged as Collateral | FHLB, FRB, securities sold under agreements to repurchase, and deposits
Summary of debt securities
Debt securities, available-for-sale	6,479,495,000	2,768,229,000
Financial Asset, Past Due
Summary of debt securities
Debt securities, available-for-sale	0	0
Debt securities, held-to-maturity	$ 0	$ 0

Debt Securities - Unrealized Lo

Debt Securities - Unrealized Loss Position (Details) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2023 USD ($) security	Dec. 31, 2022 USD ($) security
Debt Securities
Number of securities | security	713	794
Less than 12 months, fair value	$ 29,403	$ 1,075,458
Less than 12 months, unrealized loss	(370)	(69,730)
12 months or more, fair value	4,679,701	4,144,180
12 months or longer, unrealized loss	(498,005)	(554,151)
Total, fair value	4,709,104	5,219,638
Total, unrealized loss	$ (498,375)	$ (623,881)
U.S. government and federal agency
Debt Securities
Number of securities | security	57	56
Less than 12 months, fair value	$ 3,702	$ 4,150
Less than 12 months, unrealized loss	(56)	(64)
12 months or more, fair value	448,909	435,375
12 months or longer, unrealized loss	(29,613)	(42,552)
Total, fair value	452,611	439,525
Total, unrealized loss	$ (29,669)	$ (42,616)
U.S. government sponsored enterprises
Debt Securities
Number of securities | security	14	14
Less than 12 months, fair value	$ 0	$ 0
Less than 12 months, unrealized loss	0	0
12 months or more, fair value	299,220	287,364
12 months or longer, unrealized loss	(22,774)	(32,793)
Total, fair value	299,220	287,364
Total, unrealized loss	$ (22,774)	$ (32,793)
State and local governments
Debt Securities
Number of securities | security	85	121
Less than 12 months, fair value	$ 3,039	$ 71,512
Less than 12 months, unrealized loss	(2)	(2,109)
12 months or more, fair value	64,645	20,753
12 months or longer, unrealized loss	(3,271)	(2,640)
Total, fair value	67,684	92,265
Total, unrealized loss	$ (3,273)	$ (4,749)
Corporate bonds
Debt Securities
Number of securities | security	4	5
Less than 12 months, fair value	$ 0	$ 25,146
Less than 12 months, unrealized loss	0	(992)
12 months or more, fair value	23,262	0
12 months or longer, unrealized loss	(756)	0
Total, fair value	23,262	25,146
Total, unrealized loss	$ (756)	$ (992)
Residential mortgage-backed securities
Debt Securities
Number of securities | security	402	441
Less than 12 months, fair value	$ 1,430	$ 301,548
Less than 12 months, unrealized loss	(44)	(24,581)
12 months or more, fair value	2,809,482	2,965,512
12 months or longer, unrealized loss	(355,289)	(414,511)
Total, fair value	2,810,912	3,267,060
Total, unrealized loss	$ (355,333)	$ (439,092)
Commercial mortgage-backed securities
Debt Securities
Number of securities | security	151	157
Less than 12 months, fair value	$ 21,232	$ 673,102
Less than 12 months, unrealized loss	(268)	(41,984)
12 months or more, fair value	1,034,183	435,176
12 months or longer, unrealized loss	(86,302)	(61,655)
Total, fair value	1,055,415	1,108,278
Total, unrealized loss	$ (86,570)	$ (103,639)

Debt Securities - Credit Qualit

Debt Securities - Credit Quality Indicators for HTM Debt Securities (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Debt Securities, Held-to-maturity, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Debt securities, held-to-maturity	$ 3,502,411	$ 3,715,052
Municipal Bonds
Debt Securities, Held-to-maturity, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Debt securities, held-to-maturity	1,650,000	1,682,640
Moody's, Aaa Rating | Standard & Poor's, AAA Rating | Internal Investment Grade | Municipal Bonds
Debt Securities, Held-to-maturity, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Debt securities, held-to-maturity	427,918	430,542
Moody's, Aa1, Aa2 or Aa3 Ratings | Standard & Poor's, AA+, AA or AA- Ratings | Internal Investment Grade | Municipal Bonds
Debt Securities, Held-to-maturity, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Debt securities, held-to-maturity	1,182,894	1,206,441
Moody's, A1, A2 or A3 Ratings | Standard & Poor's, A+, A or A- Ratings | Internal Investment Grade | Municipal Bonds
Debt Securities, Held-to-maturity, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Debt securities, held-to-maturity	37,742	37,162
Moody's, Not Rated | Standard & Poor's, Not Rated | Internal Investment Grade | Municipal Bonds
Debt Securities, Held-to-maturity, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Debt securities, held-to-maturity	$ 1,446	$ 8,495

Loans Receivable, Net - Summary

Loans Receivable, Net - Summary of Loans Receivable (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Summary of Loans Receivable
Loans receivable	$ 16,198,082	$ 15,246,812
Allowance for credit losses	(192,757)	(182,283)	$ (172,665)	$ (158,243)
Loans receivable, net	16,005,325	15,064,529
Net deferred origination (fees) costs included in loans receivable	(25,577)	(25,882)
Net purchase accounting (discounts) premiums included in loans receivable	$ (13,802)	$ (17,832)
Financing Receivable, Accrued Interest, after Allowance for Credit Loss, Statement of Financial Position [Extensible Enumeration]	Interest Receivable	Interest Receivable
Accrued interest receivable on loans	$ 67,362	$ 54,971
Residential Real Estate
Summary of Loans Receivable
Loans receivable	1,704,544	1,446,008
Allowance for credit losses	(22,325)	(19,683)	(16,458)	(9,604)
Commercial Real Estate
Summary of Loans Receivable
Loans receivable	10,303,306	9,797,047
Allowance for credit losses	(130,924)	(125,816)	(117,901)	(86,999)
Other Commercial
Summary of Loans Receivable
Loans receivable	2,901,863	2,799,668
Allowance for credit losses	(21,194)	(21,454)	(24,703)	(49,133)
Home Equity
Summary of Loans Receivable
Loans receivable	888,013	822,232
Allowance for credit losses	(11,766)	(10,759)	(8,566)	(8,182)
Other Consumer
Summary of Loans Receivable
Loans receivable	400,356	381,857
Allowance for credit losses	$ (6,548)	$ (4,571)	$ (5,037)	$ (4,325)

Loans Receivable, Net - Narrati

Loans Receivable, Net - Narrative (Details) - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses [Line Items]
Loans receivable, net	$ 16,005,325,000	$ 15,064,529,000
Percentage of consolidated stockholders equity exceeding which no borrower had outstanding loans or commitments	10%
Provision for credit losses	$ 20,790,000	17,433,000	$ 16,380,000
ACL on PCD loans acquired			371,000
Nonaccrual interest income reversed	356,000	1,175,000	660,000
Post-modification recorded balance		6,346,000	2,442,000
Financing receivable, modified, commitment to lend	5,361,000	437,000
Consumer mortgage loans secured by residential real estate properties for which formal foreclosure proceedings are in process	98,000	270,000
TDR with pre modification loan balance for which oreo was received		1,253,000	1,628,000
Charge-offs on TDRs		0	0
Related Party
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses [Line Items]
Loans receivable, net	110,707,000	101,637,000
Origination of notes receivable from related parties	20,758,000
Repayment of notes receivable from related parties	11,688,000
Asset Pledged as Collateral
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses [Line Items]
Loans receivable, net	11,571,856,000
Altabank
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses [Line Items]
Provision for credit losses		18,056,000
Residential Real Estate
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses [Line Items]
OREO secured by residential real estate	15,000	0
Commercial Real Estate
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses [Line Items]
Provision for credit losses	6,748,000	7,231,000	28,996,000
ACL on PCD loans acquired			309,000
Post-modification recorded balance		4,862,000	1,473,000
Commercial Real Estate | Payment Deferral
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses [Line Items]
Post-modification recorded balance	2,159,000
Other Commercial
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses [Line Items]
Provision for credit losses	1,996,000	(704,000)	(23,444,000)
ACL on PCD loans acquired			62,000
Post-modification recorded balance		$ 1,453,000	$ 554,000
Other Commercial | Payment Deferral
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses [Line Items]
Post-modification recorded balance	$ 37,000

Loans Receivable, Net - ACL Act

Loans Receivable, Net - ACL Activity (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Allowance for loan and lease losses
Balance at beginning of period	$ 182,283	$ 172,665	$ 158,243
Acquisitions			371
Provision for credit losses	20,790	17,433	16,380
Charge-offs	(15,095)	(14,970)	(11,594)
Recoveries	4,779	7,155	9,265
Balance at end of period	192,757	182,283	172,665
Residential Real Estate
Allowance for loan and lease losses
Balance at beginning of period	19,683	16,458	9,604
Acquisitions			0
Provision for credit losses	2,645	3,162	6,517
Charge-offs	(20)	(17)	(38)
Recoveries	17	80	375
Balance at end of period	22,325	19,683	16,458
Commercial Real Estate
Allowance for loan and lease losses
Balance at beginning of period	125,816	117,901	86,999
Acquisitions			309
Provision for credit losses	6,748	7,231	28,996
Charge-offs	(2,080)	(2,171)	(279)
Recoveries	440	2,855	1,876
Balance at end of period	130,924	125,816	117,901
Other Commercial
Allowance for loan and lease losses
Balance at beginning of period	21,454	24,703	49,133
Acquisitions			62
Provision for credit losses	1,996	(704)	(23,444)
Charge-offs	(3,891)	(4,201)	(4,826)
Recoveries	1,635	1,656	3,778
Balance at end of period	21,194	21,454	24,703
Home Equity
Allowance for loan and lease losses
Balance at beginning of period	10,759	8,566	8,182
Acquisitions			0
Provision for credit losses	969	1,943	186
Charge-offs	(129)	(85)	(45)
Recoveries	167	335	243
Balance at end of period	11,766	10,759	8,566
Other Consumer
Allowance for loan and lease losses
Balance at beginning of period	4,571	5,037	4,325
Acquisitions			0
Provision for credit losses	8,432	5,801	4,125
Charge-offs	(8,975)	(8,496)	(6,406)
Recoveries	2,520	2,229	2,993
Balance at end of period	$ 6,548	$ 4,571	$ 5,037

Loans Receivable, Net - Aging A

Loans Receivable, Net - Aging Analysis (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Loan portfolio aging analysis
Loans receivable	$ 16,198,082	$ 15,246,812
Accruing loans 30-59 days past due
Loan portfolio aging analysis
Loans receivable	43,455	16,331
Accruing loans 60-89 days past due
Loan portfolio aging analysis
Loans receivable	6,512	4,636
Accruing loans 90 days or more past due
Loan portfolio aging analysis
Loans receivable	3,312	1,559
Financial Asset, Past Due
Loan portfolio aging analysis
Loans receivable	74,095	53,677
Non-accrual loans with no ACL	20,722	31,036
Non-accrual loans with ACL	94	115
Current
Loan portfolio aging analysis
Loans receivable	16,123,987	15,193,135
Residential Real Estate
Loan portfolio aging analysis
Loans receivable	1,704,544	1,446,008
Residential Real Estate | Accruing loans 30-59 days past due
Loan portfolio aging analysis
Loans receivable	5,342	2,796
Residential Real Estate | Accruing loans 60-89 days past due
Loan portfolio aging analysis
Loans receivable	729	142
Residential Real Estate | Accruing loans 90 days or more past due
Loan portfolio aging analysis
Loans receivable	107	215
Residential Real Estate | Financial Asset, Past Due
Loan portfolio aging analysis
Loans receivable	8,740	5,389
Non-accrual loans with no ACL	2,562	2,236
Non-accrual loans with ACL	0	0
Residential Real Estate | Current
Loan portfolio aging analysis
Loans receivable	1,695,804	1,440,619
Commercial Real Estate
Loan portfolio aging analysis
Loans receivable	10,303,306	9,797,047
Commercial Real Estate | Accruing loans 30-59 days past due
Loan portfolio aging analysis
Loans receivable	18,134	5,462
Commercial Real Estate | Accruing loans 60-89 days past due
Loan portfolio aging analysis
Loans receivable	2,439	2,865
Commercial Real Estate | Accruing loans 90 days or more past due
Loan portfolio aging analysis
Loans receivable	2,161	472
Commercial Real Estate | Financial Asset, Past Due
Loan portfolio aging analysis
Loans receivable	36,414	31,742
Non-accrual loans with no ACL	13,680	22,943
Non-accrual loans with ACL	0	0
Commercial Real Estate | Current
Loan portfolio aging analysis
Loans receivable	10,266,892	9,765,305
Other Commercial
Loan portfolio aging analysis
Loans receivable	2,901,863	2,799,668
Other Commercial | Accruing loans 30-59 days past due
Loan portfolio aging analysis
Loans receivable	12,745	4,192
Other Commercial | Accruing loans 60-89 days past due
Loan portfolio aging analysis
Loans receivable	774	297
Other Commercial | Accruing loans 90 days or more past due
Loan portfolio aging analysis
Loans receivable	530	542
Other Commercial | Financial Asset, Past Due
Loan portfolio aging analysis
Loans receivable	15,925	8,877
Non-accrual loans with no ACL	1,869	3,790
Non-accrual loans with ACL	7	56
Other Commercial | Current
Loan portfolio aging analysis
Loans receivable	2,885,938	2,790,791
Home Equity
Loan portfolio aging analysis
Loans receivable	888,013	822,232
Home Equity | Accruing loans 30-59 days past due
Loan portfolio aging analysis
Loans receivable	3,006	754
Home Equity | Accruing loans 60-89 days past due
Loan portfolio aging analysis
Loans receivable	1,527	529
Home Equity | Accruing loans 90 days or more past due
Loan portfolio aging analysis
Loans receivable	283	138
Home Equity | Financial Asset, Past Due
Loan portfolio aging analysis
Loans receivable	6,782	2,655
Non-accrual loans with no ACL	1,966	1,234
Non-accrual loans with ACL	0	0
Home Equity | Current
Loan portfolio aging analysis
Loans receivable	881,231	819,577
Other Consumer
Loan portfolio aging analysis
Loans receivable	400,356	381,857
Other Consumer | Accruing loans 30-59 days past due
Loan portfolio aging analysis
Loans receivable	4,228	3,127
Other Consumer | Accruing loans 60-89 days past due
Loan portfolio aging analysis
Loans receivable	1,043	803
Other Consumer | Accruing loans 90 days or more past due
Loan portfolio aging analysis
Loans receivable	231	192
Other Consumer | Financial Asset, Past Due
Loan portfolio aging analysis
Loans receivable	6,234	5,014
Non-accrual loans with no ACL	645	833
Non-accrual loans with ACL	87	59
Other Consumer | Current
Loan portfolio aging analysis
Loans receivable	$ 394,122	$ 376,843

Loans Receivable, Net - Collate

Loans Receivable, Net - Collateral-Dependent Loans (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses [Line Items]
Loans receivable	$ 16,198,082	$ 15,246,812
Residential Real Estate
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses [Line Items]
Loans receivable	1,704,544	1,446,008
Commercial Real Estate
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses [Line Items]
Loans receivable	10,303,306	9,797,047
Other Commercial
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses [Line Items]
Loans receivable	2,901,863	2,799,668
Home Equity
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses [Line Items]
Loans receivable	888,013	822,232
Other Consumer
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses [Line Items]
Loans receivable	400,356	381,857
Collateral Pledged
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses [Line Items]
Loans receivable	43,044	42,513
Collateral Pledged | Residential Real Estate
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses [Line Items]
Loans receivable	11,134	2,456
Collateral Pledged | Commercial Real Estate
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses [Line Items]
Loans receivable	24,921	33,355
Collateral Pledged | Other Commercial
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses [Line Items]
Loans receivable	3,963	4,288
Collateral Pledged | Home Equity
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses [Line Items]
Loans receivable	1,993	1,276
Collateral Pledged | Other Consumer
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses [Line Items]
Loans receivable	1,033	1,138
Business assets
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses [Line Items]
Loans receivable	3,236	3,172
Business assets | Residential Real Estate
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses [Line Items]
Loans receivable	0	0
Business assets | Commercial Real Estate
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses [Line Items]
Loans receivable	6	32
Business assets | Other Commercial
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses [Line Items]
Loans receivable	3,230	3,140
Business assets | Home Equity
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses [Line Items]
Loans receivable	0	0
Business assets | Other Consumer
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses [Line Items]
Loans receivable	0	0
Residential Real Estate
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses [Line Items]
Loans receivable	17,578	5,061
Residential Real Estate | Residential Real Estate
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses [Line Items]
Loans receivable	11,099	2,407
Residential Real Estate | Commercial Real Estate
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses [Line Items]
Loans receivable	4,317	990
Residential Real Estate | Other Commercial
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses [Line Items]
Loans receivable	98	318
Residential Real Estate | Home Equity
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses [Line Items]
Loans receivable	1,968	1,201
Residential Real Estate | Other Consumer
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses [Line Items]
Loans receivable	96	145
Other real estate
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses [Line Items]
Loans receivable	21,635	33,125
Other real estate | Residential Real Estate
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses [Line Items]
Loans receivable	35	49
Other real estate | Commercial Real Estate
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses [Line Items]
Loans receivable	20,598	32,333
Other real estate | Other Commercial
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses [Line Items]
Loans receivable	620	300
Other real estate | Home Equity
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses [Line Items]
Loans receivable	25	75
Other real estate | Other Consumer
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses [Line Items]
Loans receivable	357	368
Other
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses [Line Items]
Loans receivable	595	1,155
Other | Residential Real Estate
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses [Line Items]
Loans receivable	0	0
Other | Commercial Real Estate
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses [Line Items]
Loans receivable	0	0
Other | Other Commercial
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses [Line Items]
Loans receivable	15	530
Other | Home Equity
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses [Line Items]
Loans receivable	0	0
Other | Other Consumer
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses [Line Items]
Loans receivable	$ 580	$ 625

Loans Receivable, Net - Financi

Loans Receivable, Net - Financing Receivables, Modified (Details) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023 USD ($)
Financing Receivable, Modifications [Line Items]
Amortized Cost Basis	$ 60,559
Term Extension and Payment Deferral
Financing Receivable, Modifications [Line Items]
Amortized Cost Basis	55,994
Combination - Term Extension and Interest Rate Reduction
Financing Receivable, Modifications [Line Items]
Amortized Cost Basis	4,565
Residential Real Estate
Financing Receivable, Modifications [Line Items]
Amortized Cost Basis	$ 679
Weighted Average Interest Rate Reduction	0%
Weighted Average Term Extension	1 month
Residential Real Estate | Term Extension and Payment Deferral
Financing Receivable, Modifications [Line Items]
Amortized Cost Basis	$ 679
% of Total Class of Financing Receivable	0%
Residential Real Estate | Combination - Term Extension and Interest Rate Reduction
Financing Receivable, Modifications [Line Items]
Amortized Cost Basis	$ 0
% of Total Class of Financing Receivable	0%
Residential Real Estate | Principal Forgiveness
Financing Receivable, Modifications [Line Items]
Amortized Cost Basis	$ 0
Commercial Real Estate
Financing Receivable, Modifications [Line Items]
Amortized Cost Basis	$ 48,891
Weighted Average Interest Rate Reduction	0.88%
Weighted Average Term Extension	1 year 1 month 6 days
Commercial Real Estate | Term Extension and Payment Deferral
Financing Receivable, Modifications [Line Items]
Amortized Cost Basis	$ 46,028
% of Total Class of Financing Receivable	0.40%
Commercial Real Estate | Combination - Term Extension and Interest Rate Reduction
Financing Receivable, Modifications [Line Items]
Amortized Cost Basis	$ 2,863
% of Total Class of Financing Receivable	0%
Commercial Real Estate | Principal Forgiveness
Financing Receivable, Modifications [Line Items]
Amortized Cost Basis	$ 0
Other Commercial
Financing Receivable, Modifications [Line Items]
Amortized Cost Basis	$ 10,920
Weighted Average Interest Rate Reduction	0.24%
Weighted Average Term Extension	8 months
Other Commercial | Term Extension and Payment Deferral
Financing Receivable, Modifications [Line Items]
Amortized Cost Basis	$ 9,218
% of Total Class of Financing Receivable	0.30%
Other Commercial | Combination - Term Extension and Interest Rate Reduction
Financing Receivable, Modifications [Line Items]
Amortized Cost Basis	$ 1,702
% of Total Class of Financing Receivable	0.10%
Other Commercial | Principal Forgiveness
Financing Receivable, Modifications [Line Items]
Amortized Cost Basis	$ 0
Home Equity
Financing Receivable, Modifications [Line Items]
Amortized Cost Basis	$ 49
Weighted Average Interest Rate Reduction	0%
Weighted Average Term Extension	7 months
Home Equity | Term Extension and Payment Deferral
Financing Receivable, Modifications [Line Items]
Amortized Cost Basis	$ 49
% of Total Class of Financing Receivable	0%
Home Equity | Combination - Term Extension and Interest Rate Reduction
Financing Receivable, Modifications [Line Items]
Amortized Cost Basis	$ 0
% of Total Class of Financing Receivable	0%
Home Equity | Principal Forgiveness
Financing Receivable, Modifications [Line Items]
Amortized Cost Basis	$ 0
Other Consumer
Financing Receivable, Modifications [Line Items]
Amortized Cost Basis	$ 20
Weighted Average Interest Rate Reduction	0%
Weighted Average Term Extension	10 months
Other Consumer | Term Extension and Payment Deferral
Financing Receivable, Modifications [Line Items]
Amortized Cost Basis	$ 20
% of Total Class of Financing Receivable	0%
Other Consumer | Combination - Term Extension and Interest Rate Reduction
Financing Receivable, Modifications [Line Items]
Amortized Cost Basis	$ 0
% of Total Class of Financing Receivable	0%
Other Consumer | Principal Forgiveness
Financing Receivable, Modifications [Line Items]
Amortized Cost Basis	$ 10

Loans Receivable, Net - Aging_2

Loans Receivable, Net - Aging Analysis, Modified (Details) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2023 USD ($)
Financing Receivable, Modifications [Line Items]
Financing receivable, modified, after 12 months	$ 60,559
Current
Financing Receivable, Modifications [Line Items]
Financing receivable, modified, after 12 months	56,240
30-89 Days Past Due
Financing Receivable, Modifications [Line Items]
Financing receivable, modified, after 12 months	2,190
90 Days or More Past Due
Financing Receivable, Modifications [Line Items]
Financing receivable, modified, after 12 months	0
Residential Real Estate
Financing Receivable, Modifications [Line Items]
Financing receivable, modified, after 12 months	679
Residential Real Estate | Current
Financing Receivable, Modifications [Line Items]
Financing receivable, modified, after 12 months	679
Residential Real Estate | 30-89 Days Past Due
Financing Receivable, Modifications [Line Items]
Financing receivable, modified, after 12 months	0
Residential Real Estate | 90 Days or More Past Due
Financing Receivable, Modifications [Line Items]
Financing receivable, modified, after 12 months	0
Commercial Real Estate
Financing Receivable, Modifications [Line Items]
Financing receivable, modified, after 12 months	48,891
Commercial Real Estate | Current
Financing Receivable, Modifications [Line Items]
Financing receivable, modified, after 12 months	45,181
Commercial Real Estate | 30-89 Days Past Due
Financing Receivable, Modifications [Line Items]
Financing receivable, modified, after 12 months	2,159
Commercial Real Estate | 90 Days or More Past Due
Financing Receivable, Modifications [Line Items]
Financing receivable, modified, after 12 months	0
Other Commercial
Financing Receivable, Modifications [Line Items]
Financing receivable, modified, after 12 months	10,920
Other Commercial | Current
Financing Receivable, Modifications [Line Items]
Financing receivable, modified, after 12 months	10,360
Other Commercial | 30-89 Days Past Due
Financing Receivable, Modifications [Line Items]
Financing receivable, modified, after 12 months	31
Other Commercial | 90 Days or More Past Due
Financing Receivable, Modifications [Line Items]
Financing receivable, modified, after 12 months	0
Home Equity
Financing Receivable, Modifications [Line Items]
Financing receivable, modified, after 12 months	49
Home Equity | Current
Financing Receivable, Modifications [Line Items]
Financing receivable, modified, after 12 months	0
Home Equity | 30-89 Days Past Due
Financing Receivable, Modifications [Line Items]
Financing receivable, modified, after 12 months	0
Home Equity | 90 Days or More Past Due
Financing Receivable, Modifications [Line Items]
Financing receivable, modified, after 12 months	0
Other Consumer
Financing Receivable, Modifications [Line Items]
Financing receivable, modified, after 12 months	20
Other Consumer | Current
Financing Receivable, Modifications [Line Items]
Financing receivable, modified, after 12 months	20
Other Consumer | 30-89 Days Past Due
Financing Receivable, Modifications [Line Items]
Financing receivable, modified, after 12 months	0
Other Consumer | 90 Days or More Past Due
Financing Receivable, Modifications [Line Items]
Financing receivable, modified, after 12 months	0
Non-Accrual
Financing Receivable, Modifications [Line Items]
Financing receivable, modified, after 12 months	2,129
Non-Accrual | Residential Real Estate
Financing Receivable, Modifications [Line Items]
Financing receivable, modified, after 12 months	0
Non-Accrual | Commercial Real Estate
Financing Receivable, Modifications [Line Items]
Financing receivable, modified, after 12 months	1,551
Non-Accrual | Other Commercial
Financing Receivable, Modifications [Line Items]
Financing receivable, modified, after 12 months	529
Non-Accrual | Home Equity
Financing Receivable, Modifications [Line Items]
Financing receivable, modified, after 12 months	49
Non-Accrual | Other Consumer
Financing Receivable, Modifications [Line Items]
Financing receivable, modified, after 12 months	$ 0

Loans Receivable, Net - Trouble

Loans Receivable, Net - Troubled Debt Restructurings (Details) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022 USD ($) loan	Dec. 31, 2021 USD ($) loan
TDRs that occurred during the period
Number of loans | loan	11	12
Pre-modification recorded balance	$ 5,616	$ 2,442
Post-modification recorded balance	$ 6,346	$ 2,442
Residential Real Estate
TDRs that occurred during the period
Number of loans | loan	1	1
Pre-modification recorded balance	$ 31	$ 210
Post-modification recorded balance	$ 31	$ 210
Commercial Real Estate
TDRs that occurred during the period
Number of loans | loan	4	5
Pre-modification recorded balance	$ 4,266	$ 1,473
Post-modification recorded balance	$ 4,862	$ 1,473
Other Commercial
TDRs that occurred during the period
Number of loans | loan	6	3
Pre-modification recorded balance	$ 1,319	$ 554
Post-modification recorded balance	$ 1,453	$ 554
Home Equity
TDRs that occurred during the period
Number of loans | loan	0	1
Pre-modification recorded balance	$ 0	$ 54
Post-modification recorded balance	$ 0	$ 54
Other Consumer
TDRs that occurred during the period
Number of loans | loan	0	2
Pre-modification recorded balance	$ 0	$ 151
Post-modification recorded balance	$ 0	$ 151

Loans Receivable, Net - Credit

Loans Receivable, Net - Credit Quality Indicators for Commercial Loans (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Gross Charge-Offs
Total	$ 15,095	$ 14,970	$ 11,594
Financing Receivable, before Allowance for Credit Loss, by Origination Year
Total	16,198,082	15,246,812
Commercial Real Estate
Gross Charge-Offs
Current Year	889
One Year Prior	430
Two Years Prior	145
Three Years Prior	0
Four Years Prior	0
Prior	616
Revolving loans	0
Total	2,080	2,171	279
Financing Receivable, before Allowance for Credit Loss, by Origination Year
Current Year	1,316,100	2,584,831
One Year Prior	2,547,939	2,457,790
Two Years Prior	2,200,677	1,274,852
Three Years Prior	1,130,117	744,634
Four Years Prior	691,810	658,268
Prior	2,129,808	1,851,965
Revolving loans	286,855	224,707
Total	10,303,306	9,797,047
Commercial Real Estate | Pass
Financing Receivable, before Allowance for Credit Loss, by Origination Year
Current Year	1,313,446	2,578,558
One Year Prior	2,520,484	2,454,696
Two Years Prior	2,178,153	1,269,254
Three Years Prior	1,124,525	709,246
Four Years Prior	656,203	634,316
Prior	2,053,011	1,787,941
Revolving loans	285,432	224,629
Total	10,131,254	9,658,640
Commercial Real Estate | Special Mention
Financing Receivable, before Allowance for Credit Loss, by Origination Year
Current Year	97	0
One Year Prior	12,855	0
Two Years Prior	19,782	0
Three Years Prior	0	0
Four Years Prior	1,104	0
Prior	18,818	1,416
Revolving loans	1	0
Total	52,657	1,416
Commercial Real Estate | Substandard
Financing Receivable, before Allowance for Credit Loss, by Origination Year
Current Year	2,557	6,273
One Year Prior	14,600	3,094
Two Years Prior	2,742	5,598
Three Years Prior	5,592	35,388
Four Years Prior	34,503	23,952
Prior	57,948	62,576
Revolving loans	1,421	78
Total	119,363	136,959
Commercial Real Estate | Doubtful/ Loss
Financing Receivable, before Allowance for Credit Loss, by Origination Year
Current Year	0	0
One Year Prior	0	0
Two Years Prior	0	0
Three Years Prior	0	0
Four Years Prior	0	0
Prior	31	32
Revolving loans	1	0
Total	32	32
Other Commercial
Gross Charge-Offs
Current Year	3,080
One Year Prior	406
Two Years Prior	0
Three Years Prior	92
Four Years Prior	0
Prior	313
Revolving loans	0
Total	3,891	4,201	$ 4,826
Financing Receivable, before Allowance for Credit Loss, by Origination Year
Current Year	369,059	603,393
One Year Prior	566,295	573,273
Two Years Prior	531,558	308,555
Three Years Prior	245,962	191,498
Four Years Prior	145,828	140,122
Prior	448,619	404,319
Revolving loans	594,542	578,508
Total	2,901,863	2,799,668
Other Commercial | Pass
Financing Receivable, before Allowance for Credit Loss, by Origination Year
Current Year	367,337	599,498
One Year Prior	561,567	569,542
Two Years Prior	519,151	304,179
Three Years Prior	240,613	185,748
Four Years Prior	141,336	135,727
Prior	443,400	398,523
Revolving loans	577,953	567,770
Total	2,851,357	2,760,987
Other Commercial | Special Mention
Financing Receivable, before Allowance for Credit Loss, by Origination Year
Current Year	0	371
One Year Prior	3,319	0
Two Years Prior	10,187	0
Three Years Prior	0	0
Four Years Prior	0	0
Prior	0	114
Revolving loans	11,977	0
Total	25,483	485
Other Commercial | Substandard
Financing Receivable, before Allowance for Credit Loss, by Origination Year
Current Year	1,603	3,469
One Year Prior	1,408	2,707
Two Years Prior	2,218	4,373
Three Years Prior	5,347	5,748
Four Years Prior	4,490	4,394
Prior	5,219	5,322
Revolving loans	4,612	10,604
Total	24,897	36,617
Other Commercial | Doubtful/ Loss
Financing Receivable, before Allowance for Credit Loss, by Origination Year
Current Year	119	55
One Year Prior	1	1,024
Two Years Prior	2	3
Three Years Prior	2	2
Four Years Prior	2	1
Prior	0	360
Revolving loans	0	134
Total	$ 126	$ 1,579

Notes Receivable, Net - Credit

Notes Receivable, Net - Credit Quality Indicators for RRE and Consumer Loans (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Gross Charge-Offs
Total	$ 15,095	$ 14,970	$ 11,594
Financing Receivable, before Allowance for Credit Loss, by Origination Year
Total	16,198,082	15,246,812
Performing
Financing Receivable, before Allowance for Credit Loss, by Origination Year
Total	16,123,987	15,193,135
Residential Real Estate
Gross Charge-Offs
Current Year	0
One Year Prior	5
Two Years Prior	0
Three Years Prior	0
Four Years Prior	0
Prior	15
Revolving loans	0
Total	20	17	38
Financing Receivable, before Allowance for Credit Loss, by Origination Year
Current Year	234,568	543,469
One Year Prior	673,782	552,748
Two Years Prior	495,645	116,810
Three Years Prior	99,199	45,055
Four Years Prior	42,054	37,252
Prior	158,828	149,292
Revolving loans	468	1,382
Total	1,704,544	1,446,008
Residential Real Estate | Performing
Financing Receivable, before Allowance for Credit Loss, by Origination Year
Current Year	233,753	543,023
One Year Prior	671,196	551,756
Two Years Prior	495,645	116,543
Three Years Prior	99,199	44,604
Four Years Prior	42,054	36,993
Prior	153,489	146,318
Revolving loans	468	1,382
Total	1,695,804	1,440,619
Residential Real Estate | 30-89 Days Past Due
Financing Receivable, before Allowance for Credit Loss, by Origination Year
Current Year	815	446
One Year Prior	2,586	992
Two Years Prior	0	136
Three Years Prior	0	451
Four Years Prior	0	0
Prior	2,670	913
Revolving loans	0	0
Total	6,071	2,938
Residential Real Estate | Non-Accrual and 90 Days or More Past Due
Financing Receivable, before Allowance for Credit Loss, by Origination Year
Current Year	0	0
One Year Prior	0	0
Two Years Prior	0	131
Three Years Prior	0	0
Four Years Prior	0	259
Prior	2,669	2,061
Revolving loans	0	0
Total	2,669	2,451
Home Equity
Gross Charge-Offs
Current Year	0
One Year Prior	0
Two Years Prior	48
Three Years Prior	50
Four Years Prior	0
Prior	31
Revolving loans	0
Total	129	85	45
Financing Receivable, before Allowance for Credit Loss, by Origination Year
Current Year	0	60
One Year Prior	20	77
Two Years Prior	0	82
Three Years Prior	21	225
Four Years Prior	178	594
Prior	5,492	7,165
Revolving loans	882,302	814,029
Total	888,013	822,232
Home Equity | Performing
Financing Receivable, before Allowance for Credit Loss, by Origination Year
Current Year	0	60
One Year Prior	20	77
Two Years Prior	0	82
Three Years Prior	21	195
Four Years Prior	178	594
Prior	5,277	6,868
Revolving loans	875,735	811,701
Total	881,231	819,577
Home Equity | 30-89 Days Past Due
Financing Receivable, before Allowance for Credit Loss, by Origination Year
Current Year	0	0
One Year Prior	0	0
Two Years Prior	0	0
Three Years Prior	0	0
Four Years Prior	0	0
Prior	11	131
Revolving loans	4,522	1,152
Total	4,533	1,283
Home Equity | Non-Accrual and 90 Days or More Past Due
Financing Receivable, before Allowance for Credit Loss, by Origination Year
Current Year	0	0
One Year Prior	0	0
Two Years Prior	0	0
Three Years Prior	0	30
Four Years Prior	0	0
Prior	204	166
Revolving loans	2,045	1,176
Total	2,249	1,372
Other Consumer
Gross Charge-Offs
Current Year	7,801
One Year Prior	715
Two Years Prior	170
Three Years Prior	85
Four Years Prior	73
Prior	131
Revolving loans	0
Total	8,975	8,496	$ 6,406
Financing Receivable, before Allowance for Credit Loss, by Origination Year
Current Year	139,295	152,685
One Year Prior	98,630	94,210
Two Years Prior	62,961	49,257
Three Years Prior	29,143	20,432
Four Years Prior	12,335	10,598
Prior	17,314	16,014
Revolving loans	40,678	38,661
Total	400,356	381,857
Other Consumer | Performing
Financing Receivable, before Allowance for Credit Loss, by Origination Year
Current Year	137,035	149,702
One Year Prior	97,536	93,749
Two Years Prior	62,107	48,990
Three Years Prior	29,012	20,166
Four Years Prior	12,279	9,970
Prior	16,664	15,786
Revolving loans	39,489	38,480
Total	394,122	376,843
Other Consumer | 30-89 Days Past Due
Financing Receivable, before Allowance for Credit Loss, by Origination Year
Current Year	2,079	2,825
One Year Prior	870	421
Two Years Prior	805	212
Three Years Prior	119	96
Four Years Prior	43	91
Prior	173	106
Revolving loans	1,182	179
Total	5,271	3,930
Other Consumer | Non-Accrual and 90 Days or More Past Due
Financing Receivable, before Allowance for Credit Loss, by Origination Year
Current Year	181	158
One Year Prior	224	40
Two Years Prior	49	55
Three Years Prior	12	170
Four Years Prior	13	537
Prior	477	122
Revolving loans	7	2
Total	$ 963	$ 1,084

Premises and Equipment - Net of

Premises and Equipment - Net of Accumulated Depreciation (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Premises and Equipment, Net of Accumulated Depreciation
Accumulated depreciation	$ (201,159)	$ (184,851)
Net premises and equipment, excluding ROU assets	356,728	327,055
ROU assets	65,063	71,045
Net premises and equipment	421,791	398,100
Land
Premises and Equipment, Net of Accumulated Depreciation
Premises and equipment, gross	76,557	74,285
Buildings and construction in progress
Premises and Equipment, Net of Accumulated Depreciation
Premises and equipment, gross	344,906	306,857
Furniture, Fixtures and Equipment
Premises and Equipment, Net of Accumulated Depreciation
Premises and equipment, gross	120,096	115,370
Leasehold improvements
Premises and Equipment, Net of Accumulated Depreciation
Premises and equipment, gross	$ 16,328	$ 15,394

Premises and Equipment - Narrat

Premises and Equipment - Narrative (Details) - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Property, Plant and Equipment [Abstract]
Interest costs capitalized	$ 913,000	$ 0

Premises and Equipment - Lease

Premises and Equipment - Lease Summary (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Finance Leases
Finance lease, ROU assets	$ 31,222	$ 30,254
Finance lease, accumulated depreciation	(6,940)	(2,760)
Finance lease, net ROU assets	$ 24,282	$ 27,494
Finance Lease, Right-of-Use Asset, Statement of Financial Position [Extensible Enumeration]	Property, Plant, And Equipment And Lease Right Of Use Asset, After Accumulated Depreciation And Amortization	Property, Plant, And Equipment And Lease Right Of Use Asset, After Accumulated Depreciation And Amortization
Finance lease, lease liabilities	$ 25,116	$ 28,204
Finance Lease, Liability, Statement of Financial Position [Extensible Enumeration]	Other borrowings	Other borrowings
Finance lease, weighted-average remaining lease term	11 years	12 years
Finance lease, weighted-average discount rate	3.60%	3.60%
Operating Leases
Operating lease, net ROU assets	$ 40,781	$ 43,551
Operating Lease, Right-of-Use Asset, Statement of Financial Position [Extensible Enumeration]	Property, Plant, And Equipment And Lease Right Of Use Asset, After Accumulated Depreciation And Amortization	Property, Plant, And Equipment And Lease Right Of Use Asset, After Accumulated Depreciation And Amortization
Operating lease, lease liabilities	$ 44,319	$ 46,579
Operating Lease, Liability, Statement of Financial Position [Extensible List]	Other Liabilities	Other Liabilities
Operating lease, weighted-average remaining lease term (in years)	16 years	17 years
Operating lease, weighted-average discount rate	3.70%	3.60%

Premises and Equipment - Maturi

Premises and Equipment - Maturities of Lease Liabilities (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Finance Leases
Maturing within one year	$ 4,685
Maturing one year through two years	4,669
Maturing two years through three years	4,679
Maturing three years through four years	4,688
Maturing four years through five years	578
Thereafter	11,135
Total lease payments	30,434
Present value of lease payments
Short-term	3,847
Long-term	21,269
Total present value of lease payments	25,116	$ 28,204
Difference between lease payments and present value of lease payments	5,318
Operating Leases
Maturing within one year	4,623
Maturing one year through two years	4,756
Maturing two years through three years	4,580
Maturing three years through four years	4,301
Maturing four years through five years	3,768
Thereafter	39,043
Total lease payments	61,071
Present value of lease payments
Short-term	3,078
Long-term	41,241
Total present value of lease payments	44,319	$ 46,579
Difference between lease payments and present value of lease payments	$ 16,752

Premises and Equipment - Compon

Premises and Equipment - Components of Lease Expense (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Finance lease cost
Amortization of ROU assets	$ 4,201	$ 2,249
Interest on lease liabilities	958	565
Operating lease cost	5,531	5,927
Short-term lease cost	633	428
Variable lease cost	1,666	1,291
Sublease income	(39)	(43)
Total lease expense	$ 12,950	$ 10,417

Premises and Equipment - Supple

Premises and Equipment - Supplemental Cash Flow Information (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Property, Plant and Equipment [Abstract]
Finance lease, operating cash flows	$ 958	$ 566
Finance lease, financing cash flows	3,588	2,355
Operating lease, operating cash flows	$ 3,500	$ 3,961

Other Intangible Assets and G_3

Other Intangible Assets and Goodwill - Net Carrying Value of Core Deposit Intangibles (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Net Core Deposit Intangibles and Aggregate Amortization Expense
Net carrying value	$ 31,870	$ 41,601
Aggregate amortization expense	9,731	10,658	$ 10,271
Core Deposits Intangibles
Net Core Deposit Intangibles and Aggregate Amortization Expense
Gross carrying value	95,120	95,120	95,120
Accumulated amortization	(63,250)	(53,519)	(42,861)
Net carrying value	31,870	41,601	52,259
Aggregate amortization expense	9,731	$ 10,658	$ 10,271
Estimated Amortization Expense
2024	8,815
2025	7,611
2026	6,561
2027	5,603
2028	$ 2,168

Other Intangible Assets and G_4

Other Intangible Assets and Goodwill - Changes in the Carrying Value of Goodwill (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Goodwill Roll Forward
Net carrying value at beginning of period	$ 985,393	$ 985,393	$ 514,013
Acquisitions and adjustments	0	0	471,380
Net carrying value at end of period	$ 985,393	$ 985,393	$ 985,393

Other Intangible Assets and G_5

Other Intangible Assets and Goodwill - Narrative (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]
Accumulated impairment charge	$ 40,159	$ 40,159

Loan Servicing (Details)

Loan Servicing (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Servicing Asset at Amortized Cost, Balance [Roll Forward]
Carrying value at beginning of period	$ 12,534	$ 13,488	$ 12,839	$ 8,976
Acquisitions	0	0	1,354
Additions	434	2,461	4,435
Amortization	(1,388)	(1,812)	(1,926)
Carrying value at end of period	12,534	13,488	12,839
Principal balances of loans serviced for others	1,570,834	1,661,294	1,639,058
Fair value of servicing rights	$ 18,000	$ 19,716	$ 16,938

Variable Interest Entities - Na

Variable Interest Entities - Narrative (Details) - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Certified Development Entities
Variable Interest Entities
Tax credit period	7 years
Variable Interest Entity, Not Primary Beneficiary
Variable Interest Entities
Tax credit period	10 years
Tax credit compliance period	15 years
Impairment losses	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0
Other assets | Variable Interest Entity, Not Primary Beneficiary
Variable Interest Entities
Carrying value of equity investments in LIHTCs	$ 83,962,000	$ 72,918,000

Variable Interest Entities - VI

Variable Interest Entities - VIE Carrying Amounts Included in Financial Statements (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Assets
Loans receivable	$ 16,005,325	$ 15,064,529
Accrued interest receivable	94,526	83,538
Other assets	201,132	181,244
Total assets	27,742,629	26,635,375
Liabilities
Other borrowed funds	81,695	77,293
Accrued interest payable	125,907	4,331
Other liabilities	225,786	225,193
Total liabilities	24,722,348	23,792,070
Consolidated VIEs
Assets
Loans receivable	136,527	134,603
Accrued interest receivable	376	370
Other assets	48,924	48,136
Total assets	185,827	183,109
Liabilities
Other borrowed funds	56,578	49,089
Accrued interest payable	242	274
Other liabilities	182	179
Total liabilities	$ 57,002	$ 49,542

Variable Interest Entities - Fu

Variable Interest Entities - Future Unfunded Contingent Commitments (Details) - Variable Interest Entity, Not Primary Beneficiary $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2023 USD ($)
Investments in Qualified Affordable Housing Projects
2024	$ 55,849
2025	34,066
2026	10,661
2027	355
2028	287
Thereafter	2,337
Total	$ 103,555

Variable Interest Entities - Am

Variable Interest Entities - Amortization Expense and Tax Credits and Other Tax Benefits (Details) - Variable Interest Entity, Not Primary Beneficiary - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Investments in Qualified Affordable Housing Projects
Amortization expense	$ 15,178	$ 11,360	$ 8,671
Tax credits and other tax benefits recognized	$ 19,908	$ 15,389	$ 12,264

Deposits - Narrative (Details)

Deposits - Narrative (Details) - USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Deposits
FDIC Insurance limit	$ 250,000
Time deposits that meet or exceed FDIC Insurance limit	1,227,607,000	$ 243,219,000
Whole sale deposits	0
Overdraft demand deposits reclassified as loans	8,242,000	8,737,000
Deposits with related parties	$ 31,706,000	$ 37,046,000

Deposits - Scheduled Maturities

Deposits - Scheduled Maturities of Time Deposits (Details) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2023 USD ($)
Maturities of Time Deposits
2024	$ 2,712,004
2025	138,299
2026	33,770
2027	18,684
2028	12,636
Thereafter	0
Total	$ 2,915,393

Borrowings - Narrative (Details

Borrowings - Narrative (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Mar. 31, 2026	Mar. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2022
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Repurchase agreements	$ 1,486,850			$ 945,916
Debt securities, available-for-sale	4,785,719			5,307,307
Borrowings from FHLB	0			$ 1,800,000
Borrowings from FHLB, weighted rate				4.54%
Lines of credit	565,000
Other borrowings	81,695			$ 77,293
Forecast
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Borrowings from FHLB			$ 1,800,000
Borrowings from FHLB, weighted rate		4.75%
Related Party
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Other borrowings	$ 10,251			10,251
Federal Home Loan Bank Advances
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Term	1 year
Secured Debt
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Debt face amount	$ 2,740,000
Debt, weighted average interest rate	4.38%
Asset Pledged as Collateral | Repurchase agreements
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Debt securities, available-for-sale	$ 1,800,829			$ 1,378,962

Borrowings - Summary of Repurch

Borrowings - Summary of Repurchase Agreements (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Securities Sold Under Agreements to Repurchase
Repurchase agreements	$ 1,486,850	$ 945,916
Overnight and Continuous
Securities Sold Under Agreements to Repurchase
Repurchase agreements	1,486,850	945,916
U.S. government and federal agency | Overnight and Continuous
Securities Sold Under Agreements to Repurchase
Repurchase agreements	113,509	0
Residential mortgage-backed securities | Overnight and Continuous
Securities Sold Under Agreements to Repurchase
Repurchase agreements	1,306,047	945,916
Commercial mortgage-backed securities | Overnight and Continuous
Securities Sold Under Agreements to Repurchase
Repurchase agreements	$ 67,294	$ 0

Subordinated Debentures - Sched

Subordinated Debentures - Schedule of Subordinated Debentures (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Terms of Subordinated Debentures
Balance	$ 132,943	$ 132,782
Subordinated debentures owed to trust subsidiaries
Terms of Subordinated Debentures
Balance	132,943
First Company Statutory Trust 2001 | Subordinated debentures owed to trust subsidiaries
Terms of Subordinated Debentures
Balance	$ 3,647
Rate 1	8.945%
Rate Structure	3.30%
First Company Statutory Trust 2003 | Subordinated debentures owed to trust subsidiaries
Terms of Subordinated Debentures
Balance	$ 2,676
Rate 1	8.872%
Rate Structure	3.25%
Glacier Capital Trust II | Subordinated debentures owed to trust subsidiaries
Terms of Subordinated Debentures
Balance	$ 46,393
Rate 1	8.405%
Rate Structure	2.75%
Citizens (ID) Statutory Trust I | Subordinated debentures owed to trust subsidiaries
Terms of Subordinated Debentures
Balance	$ 5,155
Rate 1	8.289%
Rate Structure	2.65%
Glacier Capital Trust III | Subordinated debentures owed to trust subsidiaries
Terms of Subordinated Debentures
Balance	$ 36,083
Rate 1	6.945%
Rate Structure	1.29%
Glacier Capital Trust IV | Subordinated debentures owed to trust subsidiaries
Terms of Subordinated Debentures
Balance	$ 30,928
Rate 1	7.216%
Rate Structure	1.57%
Bank of the San Juans Bancorporation Trust I | Subordinated debentures owed to trust subsidiaries
Terms of Subordinated Debentures
Balance	$ 2,112
Rate 1	7.459%
Rate Structure	1.82%
FNB (UT) Statutory Trust I | Subordinated debentures owed to trust subsidiaries
Terms of Subordinated Debentures
Balance	$ 4,124
Rate 1	8.722%
Rate Structure	3.10%
FNB (UT) Statutory Trust II | Subordinated debentures owed to trust subsidiaries
Terms of Subordinated Debentures
Balance	$ 1,825
Rate 1	7.366%
Rate Structure	1.72%

Subordinated Debentures - Narra

Subordinated Debentures - Narrative (Details)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023 USD ($) quarter	Dec. 31, 2022 USD ($)
Debt Instruments [Abstract]
Maximum number of consecutive quarters for deferral of interest payments on trust preferred securities | quarter	20
Size of company eligible for Tier 1 grandfather provision | $	$ 15,000,000,000	$ 15,000,000,000

Derivatives and Hedging Activ_3

Derivatives and Hedging Activities - Narrative (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	1 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2020
Interest rate locks
Interest rate swap derivative financial instruments
Off-balance sheet commitments		$ 22,738	$ 28,910
Interest rate locks | Other Assets
Interest rate swap derivative financial instruments
Gross amounts of recognized assets		604	362
Interest rate caps
Interest rate swap derivative financial instruments
Forecasted notional amount				$ 130,500
Derivative, term of contract	5 years
Gross amounts of recognized assets		4,990	7,757
Interest rate expense recorded on interest rate swap		$ 168	168
Interest rate caps | Secured Overnight Financing Rate (SOFR)
Interest rate swap derivative financial instruments
Derivative, basis spread on variable rate		26.161%
Interest rate caps | Minimum
Interest rate swap derivative financial instruments
Derivative, cap interest rate	1.50%
Interest rate caps | Maximum
Interest rate swap derivative financial instruments
Derivative, cap interest rate	2%
Forward commitments to sell TBA securities
Interest rate swap derivative financial instruments
Forecasted notional amount		$ 22,000	21,000
Forward commitments to sell TBA securities | Other Liabilities
Interest rate swap derivative financial instruments
Derivative asset, fair value, gross liability		$ 350	$ 188

Derivatives and Hedging Activ_4

Derivatives and Hedging Activities - Interest Rate Swap Gains or Losses (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Pre-Tax Gains or Losses
Amount of gain recognized in OCI	$ 2,006	$ 7,809	$ 901
Interest rate Swap
Pre-Tax Gains or Losses
Amount of gain recognized in OCI	2,006	7,809	901
Amount of gain reclassified from OCI to interest expense	$ 4,605	$ 817	$ 0

Derivatives and Hedging Activ_5

Derivatives and Hedging Activities - Derivatives (Details) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023 USD ($)
Cumulative basis adjustments for fair value hedges
Amortized cost of the Hedged Assets/Liabilities	$ 3,807,239
Hedged Asset, Statement of Financial Position [Extensible Enumeration]	Debt securities, available-for-sale
Amortized Cost of Fair Value Hedging Adjustment Included in the Carrying Amount of the Hedged Assets/Liabilities	$ (17,988)
Interest rate Swap
Notional and estimated fair value amount of derivative positions
Notional Amount	1,500,000
Asset Derivative	0
Liability Derivative	$ 17,988
Remaining Maturity	2 years 1 month 6 days
Interest rate Swap | Interest income on investment securities
Fair value hedge relationships on the income statement
Gain (loss) on fair value hedges recognized in earnings	$ 1,607
AFS debt securities | Interest income on investment securities
Fair value hedge relationships on the income statement
Gain (loss) on fair value hedges recognized in earnings	$ (1,607)
Secured Overnight Financing Rate (SOFR) | Interest rate Swap
Notional and estimated fair value amount of derivative positions
Pay Rate	4.63%

Regulatory Capital (Details)

Regulatory Capital (Details) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2023 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2022 USD ($)
Regulatory Capital
Capital conservation buffer	2.50%
Total capital (to risk-weighted assets)
Actual, amount	$ 2,724,988	$ 2,629,557
Actual, ratio	0.1461	0.1402
Minimum capital requirement, amount	$ 1,492,211	$ 1,500,096
Minimum capital requirement, ratio	0.0800	0.0800
Tier 1 capital (to risk-weighted assets)
Actual, amount	$ 2,397,716	$ 2,314,322
Actual, ratio	0.1285	0.1234
Minimum capital requirement, amount	$ 1,119,158	$ 1,125,072
Minimum capital requirement, ratio	0.0600	0.0600
Common Equity Tier 1 (to risk-weighted assets)
Actual, amount	$ 2,397,716	$ 2,314,322
Actual, ratio	0.1285	0.1234
Minimum capital requirement, amount	$ 839,369	$ 843,804
Minimum capital requirement, ratio	4.50%	4.50%
Tier 1 capital (to average assets)
Actual, amount	$ 2,397,716	$ 2,314,322
Actual, ratio	0.0871	0.0879
Minimum capital requirement, amount	$ 1,101,349	$ 1,053,214
Minimum capital requirement, ratio	0.0400	0.0400
Glacier Bank
Total capital (to risk-weighted assets)
Actual, amount	$ 2,621,674	$ 2,544,147
Actual, ratio	0.1407	0.1358
Minimum capital requirement, amount	$ 1,490,668	$ 1,498,264
Minimum capital requirement, ratio	0.0800	0.0800
Well capitalized requirement, amount	$ 1,863,335	$ 1,872,830
Well capitalized requirement, ratio	0.1000	0.1000
Tier 1 capital (to risk-weighted assets)
Actual, amount	$ 2,424,902	$ 2,359,412
Actual, ratio	0.1301	0.1260
Minimum capital requirement, amount	$ 1,118,001	$ 1,123,698
Minimum capital requirement, ratio	0.0600	0.0600
Well capitalized requirement, amount	$ 1,490,668	$ 1,498,264
Well capitalized requirement, ratio	0.0800	0.0800
Common Equity Tier 1 (to risk-weighted assets)
Actual, amount	$ 2,424,902	$ 2,359,412
Actual, ratio	0.1300	0.1260
Minimum capital requirement, amount	$ 838,501	$ 842,774
Minimum capital requirement, ratio	4.50%	4.50%
Well capitalized requirement, amount	$ 1,211,168	$ 1,217,340
Well capitalized requirement, ratio	6.50%	6.50%
Tier 1 capital (to average assets)
Actual, amount	$ 2,424,902	$ 2,359,412
Actual, ratio	0.0881	0.0897
Minimum capital requirement, amount	$ 1,100,600	$ 1,052,136
Minimum capital requirement, ratio	0.0400	0.0400
Well capitalized requirement, amount	$ 1,375,750	$ 1,315,169
Well capitalized requirement, ratio	0.0500	0.0500

Stock-based Compensation Plan -

Stock-based Compensation Plan - Narrative (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Stock-based Compensation Plans
Shares available to grant to employees and directors (in shares)	1,472,284
Restricted Stock Units
Stock-based Compensation Plans
Compensation expense related to stock-based compensation plans	$ 7,895	$ 6,756	$ 5,342
Income tax benefit related to compensation expense	1,976	1,707	1,350
Unrecognized compensation expense	$ 8,211
Unrecognized compensation expense, recognized over weighted-average period	1 year 9 months 18 days
Restricted Stock Units
Fair value of units that vested	$ 7,410	5,624	4,535
Tax benefit of units that vested	$ 1,691	$ 1,585	$ 1,369
Average remaining contractual term on non-vested units	10 months 24 days
Aggregate intrinsic value of non-vested units	$ 11,445

Stock-based Compensation Plan_2

Stock-based Compensation Plan - Summary of Restricted Stock Unit Activity (Details) - Restricted Stock Units	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023 $ / shares shares
Restricted Stock Units
Beginning balance (in shares) | shares	258,199
Granted (in shares) | shares	172,707
Vested (in shares) | shares	(148,809)
Forfeited (in shares) | shares	(5,114)
Ending balance (in shares) | shares	276,983
Weighted- Average Grant Date Fair Value
Beginning balance (in dollars per share) | $ / shares	$ 51.89
Granted (in dollars per share) | $ / shares	47.24
Vested (in dollars per share) | $ / shares	49.79
Forfeited (in dollars per share) | $ / shares	50.26
Ending balance (in dollars per share) | $ / shares	$ 50.14

Employee Benefit Plans (Details

Employee Benefit Plans (Details) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023 USD ($) hour year quarter	Dec. 31, 2022 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2021 USD ($)
401(k) and Profit Sharing Plan
401(k) and Profit Sharing Plans
Minimum age required to be considered eligible for plan | year	18
Period of employment required to be eligible for plan	3 months
Minimum number of quarters required to be eligible for employer discretionary contribution | quarter	1
Minimum number of hours required to be considered eligible for employer discretionary contribution | hour	501
Percent rate for non-elective safe harbor contribution as component of profit sharing plan	3%
Cost of plan	$ 13,409	$ 23,588	$ 20,421
Age of employee | year	50
Percentage of amount out of first specific percent of employee's contribution matched under plan	50%
Percentage of employee's contribution required to determine the matched amount under the plan	6%
Company's contribution to the plan	$ 6,074	6,247	5,267
401(k) and Profit Sharing Plan | Age Under 50
401(k) and Profit Sharing Plans
Maximum percentage of annual compensation allowable for contribution by eligible employees	60%
401(k) and Profit Sharing Plan | Age 50 and Over
401(k) and Profit Sharing Plans
Maximum percentage of annual compensation allowable for contribution by eligible employees	100%
Deferred Compensation Plan
401(k) and Profit Sharing Plans
Cost of plan	$ 374	443	470
Percentage of salary for deferral of cash payments	50%
Percentage of bonuses and directors fees for deferral of cash payments	100%
Liability related to obligations of deferred compensation plans	$ 11,014	9,159
Total amount deferred	$ 1,860	1,317	1,137
Credit earning rate as a percentage of return on equity	50%
Deferred Compensation Plan Acquired
401(k) and Profit Sharing Plans
Cost of plan	$ 1,062	1,444	1,094
Liability related to obligations of deferred compensation plans	17,931	18,415
Supplemental Employee Retirement Plan
401(k) and Profit Sharing Plans
Cost of plan	267	159	164
Company's contribution to the plan	643	950	$ 858
Liability related to obligations of deferred compensation plans	$ 5,483	$ 4,665
Credit earning rate as a percentage of return on equity	50%

Other Expenses (Details)

Other Expenses (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Other Expenses
Consulting and outside services	$ 16,947	$ 15,719	$ 11,297
Mergers and acquisition expenses	1,300	9,957	9,830
Debit card expenses	12,189	9,317	5,722
Loan expenses	8,135	7,688	7,438
VIE amortization and other expenses	7,333	7,229	6,323
Telephone	6,109	6,577	5,631
Business development	5,630	5,893	5,250
Employee expenses	6,227	5,811	3,527
Postage	4,300	4,095	3,681
Printing and supplies	3,130	4,026	3,334
Checking and operating expenses	2,781	2,284	2,020
Legal fees	1,490	2,210	1,391
Accounting and audit fees	1,956	2,005	1,538
Loss (gain) on dispositions of fixed assets	160	(3,047)	(950)
Other	9,301	7,754	4,577
Total other expenses	$ 86,988	$ 87,518	$ 70,609

Federal and State Income Taxe_2

Federal and State Income Taxes - Summary of Income Tax Expense (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended								12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Sep. 30, 2023	Jun. 30, 2023	Mar. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Sep. 30, 2022	Jun. 30, 2022	Mar. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Current
Federal									$ 27,626	$ 42,951	$ 51,180
State									16,548	21,950	22,596
Total current income tax expense									44,174	64,901	73,776
Deferred
Federal									404	1,712	(7,151)
State									103	465	(1,944)
Total deferred income tax expense (benefit)									507	2,177	(9,095)
Total income tax expense	$ 7,796	$ 11,734	$ 12,727	$ 12,424	$ 17,762	$ 17,994	$ 17,338	$ 13,984	44,681	67,078	64,681
Tax benefit of operating loss carryforwards									$ 313	$ 315	$ 315

Federal and State Income Taxe_3

Federal and State Income Taxes - Summary of Effective Tax Rate (Details)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Effective income tax rate reconciliation
Federal statutory rate	21%	21%	21%
State taxes, net of federal income tax benefit	4.90%	4.80%	4.70%
Tax-exempt interest income	(4.30%)	(4.40%)	(4.20%)
Tax credits	(5.60%)	(2.80%)	(4.80%)
Other, net	0.70%	(0.50%)	1.80%
Effective income tax rate	16.70%	18.10%	18.50%

Federal and State Income Taxe_4

Federal and State Income Taxes - Deferred Tax Assets and Deferred Tax Liabilities (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Deferred tax assets
Available-for-sale debt securities	$ 124,533	$ 157,381
Allowance for credit losses	53,074	52,445
Operating lease liabilities	11,093	11,871
Employee benefits	9,465	11,024
Deferred compensation	8,690	8,211
Interest rate swaps	4,502	0
Acquisition fair market value adjustments	3,606	4,932
Transferred debt securities	1,601	3,017
Net operating loss carryforwards	919	1,253
Other	4,112	2,376
Total gross deferred tax assets	221,595	252,510
Deferred tax liabilities
Depreciation of premises and equipment	(17,728)	(17,091)
Operating lease ROU assets	(10,207)	(11,004)
Deferred loan costs	(10,103)	(10,083)
Intangibles	(6,014)	(8,212)
Debt securities fair value hedge	(4,502)	0
Mortgage servicing rights	(3,137)	(3,408)
Other	(10,834)	(9,525)
Total gross deferred tax liabilities	(62,525)	(59,323)
Net deferred tax asset	$ 159,070	$ 193,187

Federal and State Income Taxe_5

Federal and State Income Taxes - Narrative (Details) - USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Operating Loss and Tax Credit Carryforwards
Unrecognized tax benefits	$ 0	$ 0
Income tax penalties and interest accrued	0	0
Deferred tax assets, valuation allowance	0	$ 0
Federal
Operating Loss and Tax Credit Carryforwards
Operating loss carryforwards, amount	2,843,000
Colorado
Operating Loss and Tax Credit Carryforwards
Operating loss carryforwards, amount	$ 7,993,000

Accumulated Other Comprehensi_3

Accumulated Other Comprehensive (Loss) Income (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
AOCI Attributable to Parent, Net of Tax [Roll Forward]
Balance	$ 2,843,305	$ 3,177,622	$ 2,307,041
Other comprehensive (loss) income before reclassifications	93,912	(496,775)	(112,487)
Total other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax	94,679	(496,151)	(115,731)
Balance	3,020,281	2,843,305	3,177,622
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)
AOCI Attributable to Parent, Net of Tax [Roll Forward]
Balance	(468,792)	27,359	143,090
Balance	(374,113)	(468,792)	27,359
AOCI, Accumulated Gain (Loss), Debt Securities, Available-For-Sale, Gains And Transfers Included In Net Income, And Accumulated Gain (Loss), Net, Cash Flow Hedge,Parent
AOCI Attributable to Parent, Net of Tax [Roll Forward]
Reclassification adjustments for gains and transfers included in net income	(3,428)	(1,610)	(590)
(Losses) Gains on Available-For-Sale and Transferred Debt Securities
AOCI Attributable to Parent, Net of Tax [Roll Forward]
Balance	(474,338)	27,038	143,443
Other comprehensive (loss) income before reclassifications	92,391	(502,611)	(113,161)
Total other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax	96,610	(501,376)	(116,405)
Balance	(377,728)	(474,338)	27,038
Reclassification adjustments for gains and transfers included in net income
AOCI Attributable to Parent, Net of Tax [Roll Forward]
Reclassification adjustments for gains and transfers included in net income	24	(999)	(590)
Reclassifications adjustments for amortization included in net income for transferred securities
AOCI Attributable to Parent, Net of Tax [Roll Forward]
Reclassification adjustments for gains and transfers included in net income	4,195	2,234	(2,654)
(Losses) Gains on Derivatives Used for Cash Flow Hedges
AOCI Attributable to Parent, Net of Tax [Roll Forward]
Balance	5,546	321	(353)
Other comprehensive (loss) income before reclassifications	1,521	5,836	674
Reclassification adjustments for gains and transfers included in net income	(3,452)	(611)	0
Total other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax	(1,931)	5,225	674
Balance	$ 3,615	$ 5,546	$ 321

Earnings Per Share (Details)

Earnings Per Share (Details) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended								12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Sep. 30, 2023	Jun. 30, 2023	Mar. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Sep. 30, 2022	Jun. 30, 2022	Mar. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Basic and Diluted Earnings Per Share
Net income available to common stockholders, basic									$ 222,927	$ 303,202	$ 284,757
Net income available to common stockholders, diluted									$ 222,927	$ 303,202	$ 284,757
Average outstanding shares - basic (in shares)									110,864,501	110,757,473	99,313,255
Add: dilutive restricted stock units and stock options (in shares)									25,946	70,460	84,995
Average outstanding shares - diluted (in shares)									110,890,447	110,827,933	99,398,250
Basic earnings per share (in dollars per share)	$ 0.49	$ 0.47	$ 0.50	$ 0.55	$ 0.72	$ 0.72	$ 0.69	$ 0.61	$ 2.01	$ 2.74	$ 2.87
Diluted earnings per share (in dollars per share)	$ 0.49	$ 0.47	$ 0.50	$ 0.55	$ 0.72	$ 0.72	$ 0.69	$ 0.61	$ 2.01	$ 2.74	$ 2.86
Restricted stock units and stock options excluded from the diluted average outstanding share calculation (in shares)									223,626	8,642	194

Parent Holding Company Inform_3

Parent Holding Company Information (Condensed) - Condensed Statements of Financial Condition (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Assets
Cash on hand and in banks	$ 246,525	$ 300,194
Interest bearing cash deposits	1,107,817	101,801
Cash and cash equivalents	1,354,342	401,995
Other assets	201,132	181,244
Total assets	27,742,629	26,635,375
Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity
Subordinated debentures	132,943	132,782
Other liabilities	225,786	225,193
Total liabilities	24,722,348	23,792,070
Common stock	1,109	1,108
Paid-in capital	2,350,104	2,344,005
Retained earnings	1,043,181	966,984
Accumulated other comprehensive loss	(374,113)	(468,792)
Total stockholders’ equity	3,020,281	2,843,305	$ 3,177,622	$ 2,307,041
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity	27,742,629	26,635,375
Parent Company
Assets
Cash on hand and in banks	15,499	18,491
Interest bearing cash deposits	85,319	57,193
Cash and cash equivalents	100,818	75,684
Other assets	18,206	26,864
Investment in subsidiaries	3,043,852	2,882,849
Total assets	3,162,876	2,985,397
Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity
Dividends payable	579	540
Subordinated debentures	132,943	132,782
Other liabilities	9,073	8,770
Total liabilities	142,595	142,092
Common stock	1,109	1,108
Paid-in capital	2,350,104	2,344,005
Retained earnings	1,043,181	966,984
Accumulated other comprehensive loss	(374,113)	(468,792)
Total stockholders’ equity	3,020,281	2,843,305
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity	$ 3,162,876	$ 2,985,397

Parent Holding Company Inform_4

Parent Holding Company Information (Condensed) - Condensed Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended								12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Sep. 30, 2023	Jun. 30, 2023	Mar. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Sep. 30, 2022	Jun. 30, 2022	Mar. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Expenses
Compensation and employee benefits									$ 309,048	$ 319,303	$ 270,644
Other operating expenses									86,988	87,518	70,609
Total non-interest expense	$ 132,196	$ 129,576	$ 130,604	$ 134,982	$ 128,979	$ 130,060	$ 129,521	$ 130,308	527,358	518,868	434,822
Income tax benefit	(7,796)	(11,734)	(12,727)	(12,424)	(17,762)	(17,994)	(17,338)	(13,984)	(44,681)	(67,078)	(64,681)
Net Income	$ 54,316	$ 52,445	$ 54,955	$ 61,211	$ 79,677	$ 79,338	$ 76,392	$ 67,795	222,927	303,202	284,757
Comprehensive Income (Loss)									317,606	(192,949)	169,026
Parent Company
Income
Dividends from subsidiaries									175,000	123,000	207,000
Intercompany charges for services									2,271	2,880	2,654
Other income									1,444	401	500
Total income									178,715	126,281	210,154
Expenses
Compensation and employee benefits									6,552	7,003	6,516
Other operating expenses									11,167	10,247	13,624
Total non-interest expense									17,719	17,250	20,140
Income before income tax benefit and equity in undistributed net income of subsidiaries									160,996	109,031	190,014
Income tax benefit									3,096	2,913	3,407
Income before equity in undistributed net income of subsidiaries									164,092	111,944	193,421
Equity in undistributed net income of subsidiaries									58,835	191,258	91,336
Net Income									222,927	303,202	284,757
Comprehensive Income (Loss)									$ 317,606	$ (192,949)	$ 169,026

Parent Holding Company Inform_5

Parent Holding Company Information (Condensed) - Condensed Statements of Cash Flows (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended								12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Sep. 30, 2023	Jun. 30, 2023	Mar. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Sep. 30, 2022	Jun. 30, 2022	Mar. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Operating Activities
Net income	$ 54,316	$ 52,445	$ 54,955	$ 61,211	$ 79,677	$ 79,338	$ 76,392	$ 67,795	$ 222,927	$ 303,202	$ 284,757
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
Stock-based compensation, net of tax benefits									5,929	5,366	4,349
Net cash provided by operating activities									500,715	470,660	572,049
Investing Activities
Net additions of premises and equipment									(49,283)	(23,238)	(9,436)
Net cash used in investing activities									(207,492)	(1,351,782)	(3,906,701)
Financing Activities
Net decrease in other borrowed funds									3,327	9,120	3,526
Cash dividends paid									(146,690)	(157,540)	(145,557)
Tax withholding payments for stock-based compensation									(1,795)	(1,704)	(1,553)
Proceeds from stock option exercises									0	140	265
Net cash provided by financing activities									659,124	845,431	3,139,196
Net increase (decrease) in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash									952,347	(35,691)	(195,456)
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at beginning of period				401,995				437,686	401,995	437,686	633,142
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at end of period	1,354,342				401,995				1,354,342	401,995	437,686
Parent Company
Operating Activities
Net income									222,927	303,202	284,757
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
Subsidiary income in excess of dividends distributed									(58,835)	(191,258)	(91,336)
Stock-based compensation, net of tax benefits									1,742	1,685	1,628
Net change in other assets and other liabilities									7,788	1,794	(7,245)
Net cash provided by operating activities									173,622	115,423	187,804
Investing Activities
Net additions of premises and equipment									(3)	(4)	(13)
Proceeds from sale of marketable equity securities									0	63	186
Equity received from subsidiaries									0	0	248
Net cash used in investing activities									(3)	59	421
Financing Activities
Net decrease in other borrowed funds									0	0	(7,500)
Cash dividends paid									(146,690)	(157,540)	(145,557)
Tax withholding payments for stock-based compensation									(1,795)	(1,704)	(1,553)
Proceeds from stock option exercises									0	140	265
Net cash provided by financing activities									(148,485)	(159,104)	(154,345)
Net increase (decrease) in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash									25,134	(43,622)	33,880
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at beginning of period				$ 75,684				$ 119,306	75,684	119,306	85,426
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at end of period	$ 100,818				$ 75,684				$ 100,818	$ 75,684	$ 119,306

Unaudited Quarterly Financial_3

Unaudited Quarterly Financial Data (Condensed) (Details) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended								12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Sep. 30, 2023	Jun. 30, 2023	Mar. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Sep. 30, 2022	Jun. 30, 2022	Mar. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Summarized unaudited quarterly financial data
Interest income	$ 273,496	$ 264,906	$ 247,365	$ 231,888	$ 225,085	$ 214,402	$ 199,637	$ 190,516	$ 1,017,655	$ 829,640	$ 681,074
Interest expense	107,040	97,852	75,385	45,696	21,026	9,075	6,199	4,961	325,973	41,261	18,558
Net Interest Income	166,456	167,054	171,980	186,192	204,059	205,327	193,438	185,555	691,682	788,379	662,516
Provision for credit losses	3,013	3,539	2,773	5,470	6,124	8,341	(1,533)	7,031	14,795	19,963	23,076
Net interest income after provision for credit losses	163,443	163,515	169,207	180,722	197,935	196,986	194,971	178,524	676,887	768,416	639,440
Non-interest income	30,865	30,240	29,079	27,895	28,483	30,406	28,280	33,563	118,079	120,732	144,820
Non-interest expense	132,196	129,576	130,604	134,982	128,979	130,060	129,521	130,308	527,358	518,868	434,822
Income Before Income Taxes	62,112	64,179	67,682	73,635	97,439	97,332	93,730	81,779	267,608	370,280	349,438
Federal and state income tax expense	7,796	11,734	12,727	12,424	17,762	17,994	17,338	13,984	44,681	67,078	64,681
Net Income	$ 54,316	$ 52,445	$ 54,955	$ 61,211	$ 79,677	$ 79,338	$ 76,392	$ 67,795	$ 222,927	$ 303,202	$ 284,757
Basic earnings per share (in dollars per share)	$ 0.49	$ 0.47	$ 0.50	$ 0.55	$ 0.72	$ 0.72	$ 0.69	$ 0.61	$ 2.01	$ 2.74	$ 2.87
Diluted earnings per share (in dollars per share)	$ 0.49	$ 0.47	$ 0.50	$ 0.55	$ 0.72	$ 0.72	$ 0.69	$ 0.61	$ 2.01	$ 2.74	$ 2.86

Fair Value of Assets and Liab_3

Fair Value of Assets and Liabilities - Narrative (Details) - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]
Fair value measurement transfers from one level to another	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0
Loans Held For Sale | Gain (Loss) on Sale of Loans
Fair Value, Option, Quantitative Disclosures [Line Items]
Changes in fair value, gains	$ 264,000	$ 1,427,000	$ 5,496,000

Fair Value of Assets and Liab_4

Fair Value of Assets and Liabilities - Fair Value Measurements on a Recurring Basis (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Financial Assets
Debt securities, available-for-sale	$ 4,785,719	$ 5,307,307
Recurring measurements
Financial Assets
Loans held for sale, at fair value	15,691	12,314
Total assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis	4,807,004	5,327,740
Financial Liabilities
Total financial liabilities	18,338	188
U.S. government and federal agency
Financial Assets
Debt securities, available-for-sale	455,347	444,727
U.S. government and federal agency | Recurring measurements
Financial Assets
Debt securities, available-for-sale	455,347	444,727
U.S. government sponsored enterprises
Financial Assets
Debt securities, available-for-sale	299,219	287,364
U.S. government sponsored enterprises | Recurring measurements
Financial Assets
Debt securities, available-for-sale	299,219	287,364
State and local governments
Financial Assets
Debt securities, available-for-sale	98,932	132,993
State and local governments | Recurring measurements
Financial Assets
Debt securities, available-for-sale	98,932	132,993
Corporate bonds
Financial Assets
Debt securities, available-for-sale	26,253	26,109
Corporate bonds | Recurring measurements
Financial Assets
Debt securities, available-for-sale	26,253	26,109
Residential mortgage-backed securities
Financial Assets
Debt securities, available-for-sale	2,811,263	3,267,341
Residential mortgage-backed securities | Recurring measurements
Financial Assets
Debt securities, available-for-sale	2,811,263	3,267,341
Commercial mortgage-backed securities
Financial Assets
Debt securities, available-for-sale	1,094,705	1,148,773
Commercial mortgage-backed securities | Recurring measurements
Financial Assets
Debt securities, available-for-sale	1,094,705	1,148,773
Interest rate caps | Recurring measurements
Financial Assets
Interest rate caps	4,990	7,757
Interest rate locks | Recurring measurements
Financial Assets
Interest rate caps	604	362
TBA hedge
Financial Liabilities
Derivative liabilities
TBA hedge | Recurring measurements
Financial Liabilities
Derivative liabilities	350	188
Interest rate Swap
Financial Liabilities
Derivative liabilities
Interest rate Swap | Recurring measurements
Financial Liabilities
Derivative liabilities	17,988
Level 1 | Recurring measurements
Financial Assets
Loans held for sale, at fair value	0	0
Total assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis	0	0
Financial Liabilities
Total financial liabilities	0	0
Level 1 | U.S. government and federal agency | Recurring measurements
Financial Assets
Debt securities, available-for-sale	0	0
Level 1 | U.S. government sponsored enterprises | Recurring measurements
Financial Assets
Debt securities, available-for-sale	0	0
Level 1 | State and local governments | Recurring measurements
Financial Assets
Debt securities, available-for-sale	0	0
Level 1 | Corporate bonds | Recurring measurements
Financial Assets
Debt securities, available-for-sale	0	0
Level 1 | Residential mortgage-backed securities | Recurring measurements
Financial Assets
Debt securities, available-for-sale	0	0
Level 1 | Commercial mortgage-backed securities | Recurring measurements
Financial Assets
Debt securities, available-for-sale	0	0
Level 1 | Interest rate caps | Recurring measurements
Financial Assets
Interest rate caps		0
Level 1 | Interest rate locks | Recurring measurements
Financial Assets
Interest rate caps	0	0
Level 1 | TBA hedge | Recurring measurements
Financial Liabilities
Derivative liabilities	0	0
Level 1 | Interest rate Swap | Recurring measurements
Financial Liabilities
Derivative liabilities	0
Level 2 | Recurring measurements
Financial Assets
Loans held for sale, at fair value	15,691	12,314
Total assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis	4,807,004	5,327,740
Financial Liabilities
Total financial liabilities	18,338	188
Level 2 | U.S. government and federal agency | Recurring measurements
Financial Assets
Debt securities, available-for-sale	455,347	444,727
Level 2 | U.S. government sponsored enterprises | Recurring measurements
Financial Assets
Debt securities, available-for-sale	299,219	287,364
Level 2 | State and local governments | Recurring measurements
Financial Assets
Debt securities, available-for-sale	98,932	132,993
Level 2 | Corporate bonds | Recurring measurements
Financial Assets
Debt securities, available-for-sale	26,253	26,109
Level 2 | Residential mortgage-backed securities | Recurring measurements
Financial Assets
Debt securities, available-for-sale	2,811,263	3,267,341
Level 2 | Commercial mortgage-backed securities | Recurring measurements
Financial Assets
Debt securities, available-for-sale	1,094,705	1,148,773
Level 2 | Interest rate caps | Recurring measurements
Financial Assets
Interest rate caps	4,990	7,757
Level 2 | Interest rate locks | Recurring measurements
Financial Assets
Interest rate caps	604	362
Level 2 | TBA hedge | Recurring measurements
Financial Liabilities
Derivative liabilities	350	188
Level 2 | Interest rate Swap | Recurring measurements
Financial Liabilities
Derivative liabilities	17,988
Level 3 | Recurring measurements
Financial Assets
Loans held for sale, at fair value	0	0
Total assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis	0	0
Financial Liabilities
Total financial liabilities	0	0
Level 3 | U.S. government and federal agency | Recurring measurements
Financial Assets
Debt securities, available-for-sale	0	0
Level 3 | U.S. government sponsored enterprises | Recurring measurements
Financial Assets
Debt securities, available-for-sale	0	0
Level 3 | State and local governments | Recurring measurements
Financial Assets
Debt securities, available-for-sale	0	0
Level 3 | Corporate bonds | Recurring measurements
Financial Assets
Debt securities, available-for-sale	0	0
Level 3 | Residential mortgage-backed securities | Recurring measurements
Financial Assets
Debt securities, available-for-sale	0	0
Level 3 | Commercial mortgage-backed securities | Recurring measurements
Financial Assets
Debt securities, available-for-sale	0	0
Level 3 | Interest rate caps | Recurring measurements
Financial Assets
Interest rate caps		0
Level 3 | Interest rate locks | Recurring measurements
Financial Assets
Interest rate caps	0
Level 3 | TBA hedge | Recurring measurements
Financial Liabilities
Derivative liabilities	0	$ 0
Level 3 | Interest rate Swap | Recurring measurements
Financial Liabilities
Derivative liabilities	$ 0

Fair Value of Assets and Liab_5

Fair Value of Assets and Liabilities - Fair Value Measurements on a Non-Recurring Basis (Details) - Nonrecurring Measurements - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Assets with a recorded change from re-measuring at fair value on a non-recurring basis
Other real estate owned	$ 166
Collateral-dependent impaired loans, net of ACL	1,332	$ 1,360
Total assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis	1,498	1,360
Level 1
Assets with a recorded change from re-measuring at fair value on a non-recurring basis
Other real estate owned	0
Collateral-dependent impaired loans, net of ACL	0	0
Total assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis	0	0
Level 2
Assets with a recorded change from re-measuring at fair value on a non-recurring basis
Other real estate owned	0
Collateral-dependent impaired loans, net of ACL	0	0
Total assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis	0	0
Level 3
Assets with a recorded change from re-measuring at fair value on a non-recurring basis
Other real estate owned	166
Collateral-dependent impaired loans, net of ACL	1,332	1,360
Total assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis	$ 1,498	$ 1,360

Fair Value of Assets and Liab_6

Fair Value of Assets and Liabilities - Quantitative Information about Level 3 Fair Value Measurements (Details) - Nonrecurring Measurements $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2023 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2022 USD ($)
Quantitative Information About Level 3 Fair Value Measurements
Collateral-dependent impaired loans, net of ACL	$ 1,332	$ 1,360
Level 3
Quantitative Information About Level 3 Fair Value Measurements
Collateral-dependent impaired loans, net of ACL	1,332	1,360
Level 3 | Cost Approach | Selling costs
Quantitative Information About Level 3 Fair Value Measurements
Collateral-dependent impaired loans, net of ACL	1,258	1,329
Level 3 | Sales Comparison Approach | Selling costs
Quantitative Information About Level 3 Fair Value Measurements
Collateral-dependent impaired loans, net of ACL	$ 74	$ 31
Level 3 | Minimum | Cost Approach | Selling costs
Quantitative Information About Level 3 Fair Value Measurements
Impaired loans, measurement input	0.100	0.100
Level 3 | Minimum | Sales Comparison Approach | Selling costs
Quantitative Information About Level 3 Fair Value Measurements
Impaired loans, measurement input	0.100	0.100
Level 3 | Minimum | Sales Comparison Approach | Adjustment to comparables
Quantitative Information About Level 3 Fair Value Measurements
Impaired loans, measurement input		0
Level 3 | Maximum | Cost Approach | Selling costs
Quantitative Information About Level 3 Fair Value Measurements
Impaired loans, measurement input	0.100	0.100
Level 3 | Maximum | Sales Comparison Approach | Selling costs
Quantitative Information About Level 3 Fair Value Measurements
Impaired loans, measurement input	0.100	0.100
Level 3 | Maximum | Sales Comparison Approach | Adjustment to comparables
Quantitative Information About Level 3 Fair Value Measurements
Impaired loans, measurement input		0
Level 3 | Weighted Average Range | Cost Approach | Selling costs
Quantitative Information About Level 3 Fair Value Measurements
Impaired loans, measurement input	0.100	0.100
Level 3 | Weighted Average Range | Sales Comparison Approach | Selling costs
Quantitative Information About Level 3 Fair Value Measurements
Impaired loans, measurement input	0.100	0.100
Level 3 | Weighted Average Range | Sales Comparison Approach | Adjustment to comparables
Quantitative Information About Level 3 Fair Value Measurements
Impaired loans, measurement input		0

Fair Value of Assets and Liab_7

Fair Value of Assets and Liabilities - Carrying Amount and Fair Value of Financial Instruments (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Financial assets
Debt securities, held-to-maturity	$ 3,180,194	$ 3,274,792
Carrying Amount
Financial assets
Cash and cash equivalents	1,354,342	401,995
Debt securities, held-to-maturity	3,502,411	3,715,052
Loans receivable, net of ACL	16,005,325	15,064,529
Total financial assets	20,862,078	19,181,576
Financial liabilities
Term deposits	2,915,393	880,589
FRB Bank Term Funding	2,740,000
FHLB advances		1,800,000
Repurchase agreements and other borrowed funds	1,568,545	1,023,209
Subordinated debentures	132,943	132,782
Total financial liabilities	7,356,881	3,836,580
Estimated Fair Value | Level 1
Financial assets
Cash and cash equivalents	1,354,342	401,995
Debt securities, held-to-maturity	0	0
Loans receivable, net of ACL	0	0
Total financial assets	1,354,342	401,995
Financial liabilities
Term deposits	0	0
FRB Bank Term Funding	0
FHLB advances		0
Repurchase agreements and other borrowed funds	0	0
Subordinated debentures	0	0
Total financial liabilities	0	0
Estimated Fair Value | Level 2
Financial assets
Cash and cash equivalents	0	0
Debt securities, held-to-maturity	3,180,194	3,274,792
Loans receivable, net of ACL	0	0
Total financial assets	3,180,194	3,274,792
Financial liabilities
Term deposits	2,955,521	874,850
FRB Bank Term Funding	2,738,031
FHLB advances		1,799,936
Repurchase agreements and other borrowed funds	1,568,545	1,023,209
Subordinated debentures	119,768	122,549
Total financial liabilities	7,381,865	3,820,544
Estimated Fair Value | Level 3
Financial assets
Cash and cash equivalents	0	0
Debt securities, held-to-maturity	0	0
Loans receivable, net of ACL	16,133,681	14,806,354
Total financial assets	16,133,681	14,806,354
Financial liabilities
Term deposits	0	0
FRB Bank Term Funding	0
FHLB advances		0
Repurchase agreements and other borrowed funds	0	0
Subordinated debentures	0	0
Total financial liabilities	$ 0	$ 0

Commitments and Contingent Li_3

Commitments and Contingent Liabilities (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Outstanding Commitments
Outstanding commitments	$ 4,162,338	$ 4,829,718
Unused lines of credit
Outstanding Commitments
Outstanding commitments	4,079,511	4,740,829
Letters of credit
Outstanding Commitments
Outstanding commitments	$ 82,827	$ 88,889

Subsequent Event (Details)

Subsequent Event (Details) $ in Thousands	Jan. 31, 2024 USD ($) shares	Sep. 30, 2024 branch
Forecast | Heartland Financial USA, Inc.
Subsequent Event [Line Items]
Number of Montana branch locations acquired | branch		6
Community Financial Group, Inc. | Subsequent Event
Subsequent Event [Line Items]
Number of shares issued for acquisition (in shares) | shares	2,389,684
Business combination, assets	$ 728,591
Business combination, gross loans	464,070
Business combination, deposits	$ 611,664