SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (Policies) | 12 Months Ended |
Dec. 31, 2014 |
Accounting Policies [Abstract] | |
Basis of Presentation | Basis of Presentation |
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The consolidated financial statements include the results of operations and financial position of Numerex and its wholly owned subsidiaries in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (U.S. GAAP). Intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. |
Discontinued Operations | Discontinued Operations |
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Businesses to be divested are classified in the consolidated financial statements as either discontinued operations or held for sale. For businesses classified as discontinued operations, the balance sheet amounts and results of operations are reclassified from their historical presentation to assets and liabilities of discontinued operations on the consolidated balance sheet and to discontinued operations on the consolidated statements of income and comprehensive income and cash flows, respectively, for all periods presented. The gains or losses associated with these divested businesses are also recorded in discontinued operations in the consolidated statements of income and comprehensive income. Additionally, the accompanying notes do not include the assets, liabilities, or operating results of businesses classified as discontinued operations for all periods presented. As of June 30, 2014, we completed the divestiture of the businesses classified as discontinued operations. We have not had and do not expect to have any significant continuing involvement with these businesses following their divestiture. |
Estimates and Assumptions | Estimates and Assumptions |
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The preparation of these financial statements requires us to make estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenue and expense and related disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities. On an ongoing basis, we evaluate our estimates, including those related to revenue recognition, doubtful accounts, goodwill and intangible assets, expenses, accruals, equity-based compensation, income taxes, restructuring charges, leases, long-term service contracts, contingencies and litigation. We base our estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions that we believe to be reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. Actual results may differ materially from these estimates. |
Fair Value of Financial Instruments | Fair Value of Financial Instruments |
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The fair value of financial instruments classified as current assets or liabilities, including cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, and accounts payable and accrued expenses approximate carrying value, principally because of the short-term, maturity of those items. The fair value of our capitalized lease obligation approximates carrying value based on the short-term maturity of the obligation. The fair value of our long-term financing receivables and note payable approximates carrying value based on their effective interest rates compared to current market rates and similar type borrowing arrangements. |
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We measure and report certain financial assets and liabilities at fair value on a recurring basis, including cash equivalents. The major categories of nonfinancial assets and liabilities that we measure at fair value include reporting units measured at fair value in step one of our goodwill impairment test. |
Concentration of Credit Risk | Concentration of Credit Risk |
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Financial instruments that potentially subject us to a concentration of credit risk are primarily cash investments and accounts and financing receivables. We maintain our cash and overnight investment balances in financial institutions, which typically exceed federally insured limits. We had cash balances in excess of these limits of $17.0 million and $25.4 million at December 31, 2014 and 2013, respectively. We have not experienced any losses in such accounts and believe we are not exposed to any significant credit risk on cash and cash equivalents. Concentration of credit risk with respect to accounts and financing receivables from customers is limited. We perform credit evaluations of prospective customers and we evaluate our trade receivables periodically. Our accounts and financing receivables are at risk to the extent that we may not be able to collect from some of our customers. See Notes E, F and Q for more information. |
Revenue Recognition | Revenue Recognition |
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Our revenue is generated from two primary sources, subscription fees and the sale of M2M devices and hardware. Revenue is recognized when persuasive evidence of an agreement exists, the hardware or service has been delivered, fees and prices are fixed and determinable, collection is reasonably assured and all other significant obligations have been fulfilled. Revenue is recognized net of sales and any transactional taxes. |
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Subscription fees are based on the number of devices (subscriptions) on our integrated M2M horizontal platform network. Subscription fees are typically invoiced and recognized as revenue as we provide the services or process transactions in accordance with contractual performance standards. Customer contracts are generally recurring or multi-year agreements. Subscription fees also include volume-based excess network usage, messages and other activity that are recognized as revenue as incurred, consistent with contractual terms. We may, under an appropriate agreement, bill subscription fees in advance for the network service to be provided. In these instances, we recognize the advance charge (even if nonrefundable) as deferred revenue and recognize the revenue over future periods in accordance with the contract term as the network service (time, data or minutes) is provided, delivered or performed. Subscription revenue may also include set-up fees which are deferred and recognized ratably over the estimated life of the subscription. Direct and incremental costs associated with deferred revenue are also deferred, classified as deferred costs in prepaid expense and other assets in our consolidated balance sheets, and recognized in the period revenue is recognized. Unbilled revenue consists of earned revenue that results from non-calendar month billing cycles and the one-month lag time in billing related to certain of our services. |
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We recognize revenue from the sale of M2M devices and hardware at the time of shipment and passage of title. Provisions for rebates, promotions, product returns and discounts to customers are recorded as a reduction in revenue in the same period that the revenue is recognized. We offer customers the right to return hardware that does not function properly within a limited time after delivery. We continuously monitor and track such hardware returns and record a provision for the estimated amount of such future returns based on historical experience and any notification received of pending returns. While such returns have historically been within expectations and the provisions established, we cannot guarantee that we will continue to experience the same return rates that we have experienced in the past. Any significant increase in hardware failure rates and the resulting credit returns could have a material adverse impact on operating results for the period or periods in which such returns materialize. Shipping and handling fees received from customers are recorded with embedded device and hardware revenue and associated costs are recorded in cost of embedded devices and hardware. |
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On occasion we sell both hardware and monthly recurring services to the same customer. In such cases, we evaluate such arrangements to determine if a multiple-element arrangement exists. For multiple-element revenue arrangements, we allocate arrangement consideration at the inception of an arrangement to all elements using the relative selling price method. The hierarchy for determining the selling price of a deliverable includes (a) vendor-specific objective evidence, if available, (b) third-party evidence, if vendor-specific objective evidence is not available and (c) our best estimate of the selling price, if neither vendor-specific nor third-party evidence is available. In most cases, vendor-specific objective evidence is available for us, as the vast majority of our business is either selling hardware or service on a standalone basis. Certain judgments and estimates are made and used to determine revenue recognized in any accounting period. If estimates are revised, material differences may result in the amount and timing of revenues recognized for a given period. |
Cash and Cash Equivalents | Cash and Cash Equivalents |
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We consider all investments with an original maturity of three months or less at date of purchase to be cash equivalents. Cash equivalents consist of overnight repurchase agreements and amounts on deposit in foreign banks. We held $0.4 million and $0.2 million in foreign bank accounts at December 31, 2014 and 2013, respectively. |
Accounts Receivable and Allowance for Doubtful Accounts | Accounts Receivable and Allowance for Doubtful Accounts |
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Trade accounts receivable are stated at gross invoiced amounts less discounts, other allowances and provision for uncollectible accounts. Trade accounts receivable include earned but unbilled revenue that results from non-calendar month billing cycles and lag time in billing related to certain of our services. Credit is extended to customers based on an evaluation of a customer’s financial condition and, generally, collateral is not required. Accounts receivable are generally due within 30-90 days. We maintain an allowance for estimated losses resulting from the inability of our customers to make required payments. The allowance for doubtful accounts is based principally upon specifically identified amounts where collection is deemed doubtful. Additional non-specific allowances are recorded based on historical experience and our assessment of a variety of factors related to the general financial condition and business prospects of our customer base. We review the collectability of individual accounts and assess the adequacy of the allowance for doubtful accounts quarterly. Account balances are charged off against the allowance after all means of collection have been exhausted and the potential for recovery is considered remote. |
Financing Receivables | Financing Receivables |
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Financing receivables are due in installments. We evaluate the credit quality of our financing receivables on an ongoing basis utilizing an aging of the accounts and write-offs, customer collection experience, the customer’s financial condition, known risk characteristics impacting the respective customer base, and other available economic conditions, to determine the appropriate allowance. Similar to accounts receivable, we typically do not require collateral. All amounts due at December 31, 2014 and 2013 were deemed fully collectible and an allowance was not necessary. |
Inventories and Reserves for Excess, Slow-Moving and Obsolete Inventory | Inventories and Reserves for Excess, Slow-Moving and Obsolete Inventory |
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Inventories are valued at the lower of cost or market and consist of (1) security devices and (2) cellular M2M Modems and Modules and (3) satellite M2M Modems. Cost is generally determined on the first-in, first-out (FIFO) basis. Inbound freight costs, including raw material freight costs to contract manufacturers is recorded in inventory and these costs are recognized in cost of sales when the product is sold. Lower of cost or market value of inventory is determined at the product level and evaluated quarterly. Estimated reserves for obsolescence or slow moving inventory are maintained based on current economic conditions, historical sales quantities and patterns and, in some cases, the specific risk of loss on specifically identified inventories. Such inventories are recorded at estimated realizable value net of the costs of disposal. |
Property and Equipment | Property and Equipment |
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Depreciation is provided in amounts sufficient to relate the cost of depreciable assets to operations over their estimated service lives. Property and equipment under capital leases are amortized over the lives of the respective leases or over the service lives of the assets for those leases and leasehold improvements, whichever is shorter. Depreciation and amortization for property and equipment is calculated using the straight-line method over the following estimated lives: |
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| ● | Machinery and equipment | 4-10 years |
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| ● | Furniture, fixtures and fittings | 3-10 years |
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| ● | Leasehold improvements | up to 10 years |
Capitalized Software | Capitalized Software |
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We capitalize software both for internal use and for inclusion in our products. For internal use software, costs incurred in the preliminary project stage of developing or acquiring internal use software are expensed as incurred. After the preliminary project stage is completed, management has approved the project and it is probable that the project will be completed and the software will be used for its intended purpose, we capitalize certain internal and external costs incurred to acquire or create internal use software, principally related to software coding, designing system interfaces and installation and testing of the software. We amortize capitalized internal use software costs using the straight-line method over the estimated useful life of the software, generally three years. |
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We capitalize software development costs for software embedded in our products when technological feasibility is established and conclude capitalization when the hardware is ready for release. We amortize capitalized costs for software to be sold using the straight-line method over the estimated useful life based on anticipated revenue streams of the software, generally three years. Software development costs incurred prior to the establishment of technological feasibility are expensed as incurred as engineering and development. |
Intangible Assets, Including Goodwill | Intangible Assets, Including Goodwill |
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Intangible assets consist of acquired customer relationships and intellectual property, patents and trademarks, and goodwill. These assets, except for goodwill and trade names, are amortized over their expected useful lives. Acquired customer relationships are amortized using the straight-line method over 4 to 11 years. Acquired intellectual property and patents are amortized using the straight-line method over 7 to 16 years, representing the shorter of their estimated useful lives or the period until the patent renews. Costs to maintain patents are expensed as incurred while costs to renew patents are capitalized and amortized over the remaining estimated useful lives. |
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Goodwill and trade names are not amortized but are subject to an annual impairment test, and more frequently if events or circumstances occur that would indicate a potential decline in its fair value. An impairment charge will be recognized only when the implied fair value of a reporting unit’s goodwill is less than its carrying amount. The annual assessment of goodwill for impairment includes comparing the fair value of each reporting unit to the carrying value, referred to as step one. If the fair value of a reporting unit exceeds its carrying value, goodwill is not impaired and no further testing is necessary. If the carrying value of a reporting unit exceeds its fair value, a second test is performed, referred to as step two, to measure the amount of impairment to goodwill, if any. To measure the amount of any impairment, we determine the implied fair value of goodwill in the same manner as if we were acquiring the affected reporting unit in a business combination. Specifically, we allocate the fair value of the affected reporting unit to all of the assets and liabilities of that unit, including any unrecognized intangible assets, in a hypothetical calculation that would yield the implied fair value of goodwill. If the implied fair value of goodwill is less than the goodwill recorded on the consolidated balance sheet, an impairment charge for the difference is recorded. |
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We base the impairment analysis of goodwill on estimated fair values. The assumptions, inputs and judgments used in performing the valuation analysis are inherently subjective and reflect estimates based on known facts and circumstances at the time the valuation is performed. These estimates and assumptions primarily include, but are not limited to, discount rates, terminal growth rates, projected revenues and costs, projected cash flows, and capital expenditure forecasts. |
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We elected to change our annual goodwill impairment testing measurement date from December 31 to October 1 effective October 1, 2013, primarily to correspond to our annual strategic, financial planning and budgeting processes. The change in annual testing dates did not affect our financial results for any interim period or the year ended December 31, 2013. We did not identify the need for any impairment as a result of our annual assessment. In addition, we assess on a quarterly basis whether any events have occurred or circumstances have changed that would indicate an impairment could exist. |
Impairment of Long-lived Assets | Impairment of Long-lived Assets |
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Long-lived assets, such as property and equipment and intangible assets subject to amortization are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. Recoverability of assets to be held and used is measured by a comparison of the carrying amount of an asset to estimated undiscounted future cash flows expected to be generated by the asset. If the carrying amount of an asset exceeds its estimated future cash flows, an impairment charge is recognized by the amount which the carrying amount of the asset exceeds the fair value of the asset. |
Income Taxes | Income Taxes |
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We account for income taxes using the asset and liability method. Under this method, deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the future tax consequences attributable to the differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax basis. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using the enacted tax rates applied to taxable income. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized in income in the period that includes the enactment date. A valuation allowance is provided for deferred tax assets when it is more likely than not that the asset will not be realized. |
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We conduct business globally and file income tax returns in the United States and in many state and certain foreign jurisdictions. We are subject to state and local income tax examinations for years after and including 1998. These tax years remain open due to the net operating losses generated in these years that have not been utilized as of the year ended December 31, 2014. Likewise, the existence of net operating losses from earlier periods could subject us to United States federal income tax examination for years including and after 2001, since such net operating losses have not been utilized as of the year ended December 31, 2014. |
Treasury Stock | Treasury Stock |
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We account for treasury stock under the cost method. When treasury stock is re-issued at a higher price than its cost, the difference is recorded as a component of additional paid-in capital to the extent that there are gains to offset the losses. If there are no treasury stock gains in additional paid-in capital, the losses are recorded as a component of accumulated deficit. |
Foreign Currency Translation | Foreign Currency Translation |
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The assets and liabilities of our foreign operations are translated into U.S. dollars at the period end spot exchange rates, and revenues and expenses are translated at estimated average exchange rates for each period. Resulting translation adjustments are reflected as other comprehensive income in the consolidated statements of income and comprehensive income and within shareholders’ equity. Transaction gains and losses that arise from exchange rate fluctuations on transactions denominated in a currency other than the functional currency are included in the results of operations as incurred. Foreign operations are not significant to us for the years ended December 31, 2014, 2013 or 2012. |
Engineering and Development | Engineering and Development |
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Engineering and development expenses that are not capitalizable as software development costs are charged to operations in the period in which they are incurred. Engineering and development costs consist primarily of salaries and other personnel-related costs, bonuses, and third-party services. For the years ended December 31, 2014, 2013 and 2012, engineering and development costs recorded in operations were $8.0 million, $4.9 million and $3.1 million, respectively. |
Advertising Expenses | Advertising Expenses |
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Advertising expenses are charged to operations in the period in which they are incurred. For the years ended December 31, 2014, 2013 and 2012, advertising costs were approximately $0.9 million, $0.7 million and $0.8 million, respectively. |
Reclassifications | Reclassifications |
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Previously reported software and other intangible assets have been reclassified in the consolidated balance sheet to conform to the current period presentation. |
Recent Accounting Pronouncements | Recent Accounting Pronouncements |
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In August 2014, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issued guidance about disclosing an entity’s ability to continue as a going concern. The guidance is intended to define management’s responsibility to evaluate whether there is substantial doubt about an entity’s ability to continue as a going concern and to provide related footnote disclosures. The standard will be effective for annual periods ending after December 15, 2016, and for interim and annual periods thereafter, with early application permitted. We do not expect the adoption of this guidance to have a material impact on the company’s financial position or results of operations. |
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In June 2014, the FASB issued guidance that applies to all reporting entities that grant their employees share-based payments in which the terms of the award provide that a performance target that affects vesting could be achieved after the requisite service period. It requires that a performance target that affects vesting, and that could be achieved after the requisite service period, be treated as a performance condition and follows existing accounting guidance for the treatment of performance conditions. The standard will be effective for us prospectively for fiscal years, and interim reporting periods within those years, beginning January 1, 2016, with early adoption permitted. We do not expect the adoption of this guidance to have a material impact on our financial position or results of operations. |
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In May 2014, the FASB issued new accounting guidance for revenue recognized from contracts with customers. The core principle of the guidance is that a company will recognize revenue when it transfers promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the company expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. In doing so, companies will need to use more judgment and make more estimates than under current guidance. These may include identifying performance obligations in the contract, estimating the amount of variable consideration to include in the transaction price and allocating the transaction price to each separate performance obligation. The guidance will become effective for us for fiscal years, and interim reporting periods within those years, beginning January 1, 2017 and will require retrospective application. We are currently in the process of evaluating the impact of adoption on our consolidated financial statements. |
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In April 2014, the FASB issued amendments to guidance for reporting discontinued operations and disposals of components of an entity. The amended guidance requires that a disposal representing a strategic shift that has (or will have) a major effect on an entity’s financial results or a business activity classified as held for sale should be reported as discontinued operations. The amendments also expand the disclosure requirements for discontinued operations. The amendments are effective for us prospectively for fiscal years, and interim reporting periods within those years, beginning January 1, 2015 (early adoption is permitted only for disposals that have not been previously reported). The implementation of the amended guidance is not expected to have a material impact on our consolidated financial position or results of operations. |
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In July 2013, the FASB issued new accounting guidance related to the presentation of unrecognized tax benefits when a net operating loss carry-forward, a similar tax loss, or a tax credit carry-forward exists. This guidance clarifies that an unrecognized tax benefit, or a portion of an unrecognized tax benefit, should be presented in the financial statements as a reduction to a deferred tax asset for a net operating loss carry-forward, a similar tax loss, or a tax credit carry-forward if such settlement is required or expected in the event the uncertain tax position is disallowed. In situations where a net operating loss carry-forward, a similar tax loss, or a tax credit carry-forward is not available at the reporting date under the tax law of the applicable jurisdiction or the tax law of the jurisdiction does not require, and the entity does not intend to use, the deferred tax asset for such purpose, the unrecognized tax benefit should be presented in the financial statements as a liability and should not be combined with deferred tax assets. This guidance was effective for us prospectively for fiscal years, and interim periods within those years, beginning January 1, 2014. Because the guidance only affects presentation, adoption did not have a material effect on our financial condition or results of operations. |
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In March 2013, the FASB issued an update to the accounting standards to clarify the applicable guidance for a parent company’s accounting for the release of the cumulative translation adjustment into net income upon derecognition of certain subsidiaries or groups of assets within a foreign entity or of an investment in a foreign entity. This guidance was effective for us prospectively for fiscal periods beginning after January 1, 2014. Adoption did not have a material impact on our financial condition or results of operations. |