| Summary of Significant Accounting Policies | (1) Summary of Significant Accounting Policies Nature of Operations ManpowerGroup Inc. is a world leader in the innovative workforce solutions and services industry. Our global network of over 2,100 offices in approximately 75 countries and territories allows us to meet the needs of our global, multinational and local clients across all major industry segments. Our largest operations, based on revenues, are located in France, the United States, Italy, and the United Kingdom. We specialize in permanent, temporary and contract recruitment and assessment; training and development; outsourcing; career management and workforce consulting services. We provide services to a wide variety of clients, none of which individually comprise a significant portion of revenues for us as a whole . Use of Estimates The preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States requires us to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses for the reporting period. Estimates are used for, but not limited to, the accounting for the allowance for doubtful accounts and credit losses, defined benefit plans, workers’ compensation, share-based compensation, annual performance-related incentives, leases, goodwill and long-lived asset impairment, valuation of acquired intangibles and income taxes. Actual results could differ from these estimates. Basis of Consolidation The Consolidated Financial Statements include our operating results and the operating results of all of our majority-owned subsidiaries and entities in which we have a controlling financial interest. We have a controlling financial interest if we own a majority of the outstanding voting common stock and the noncontrolling shareholders do not have substantive participating rights, or we have significant control over an entity through contractual or economic interests in which we are the primary beneficiary. We account for equity investments in companies over which we have the ability to exercise significant influence, but not control, using the equity method of accounting. We recognize our ownership share of earnings of these equity method investments, amortization of basis differences, and related gains or losses in the Consolidated Financial Statements. These investments, as well as certain other relationships, are also evaluated for consolidation under the accounting guidance on consolidation of variable interest entities. These investments were $ 103.9 and $ 102.2 as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively, and are included in other assets in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. Included in shareholders’ equity as of December 31, 2024 and 2023 are $ 16.9 and $ 11.5 , respectively, of accumulated unremitted earnings from investments accounted for using the equity method. The amounts relate to accounting for our remaining interest in ManpowerGroup Greater China under the equity method subsequent to deconsolidation in 2019. Reclassification Certain amounts within cash provided by operating activities on the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows have been reclassified to conform to current year presentation. Accounts payable has been separated from other liabilities and is now separately disclosed on the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows. Revenues We recognize revenues when or as control of the promised services is transferred to our clients, in an amount that reflects the consideration we expect to be entitled to receive in exchange for those services. Our revenues are recorded net of any sales, value added or other taxes collected from our clients. A performance obligation is a promise in a contract to transfer a distinct service to the client, and it is the unit of account in the accounting guidance for revenue recognition. The majority of our contracts have a single performance obligation as the promise to transfer the individual services is not separately identifiable from other promises in our contracts and, therefore, is not distinct. However, we have multiple performance obligations within our Recruitment Process Outsourcing (RPO) contracts as discussed below. For performance obligations that we satisfy over time, revenues are recognized by consistently applying a method of measuring progress toward satisfaction of that performance obligation. We generally utilize an input measure of time (e.g., hours, weeks, months) of service provided, which most accurately depicts the progress toward completion of each performance obligation. We generally determine standalone selling prices based on the prices included in the client contracts, using expected costs plus margin or other observable prices. The price as specified in our client contracts is generally considered the standalone selling price as it is an observable input that depicts the price as if separately sold to a similar client in similar circumstances. Certain client contracts have variable consideration, including credits, sales allowances, rebates or other similar items that generally reduce the transaction price. We estimate variable consideration using whichever method, either the expected value method or most likely amount method, better predicts the amount of consideration to which we will become entitled based on the terms of the client contract and historical evidence. These amounts may be constrained and are only included in revenues to the extent we do not expect a significant reversal when the uncertainty associated with the variable consideration is resolved. Our variable consideration amounts are not material, and we do not believe that there will be significant changes to our estimates. Our client contracts generally include standard payment terms acceptable in each of the countries and territories in which we operate. The payment terms vary by the type and location of our clients and services offered. Client payments are typically due approximately 60 days after invoicing but may be a shorter or longer term depending on the contract. Our client contracts are generally short-term in nature with a term of one year or less. The timing between satisfaction of the performance obligation, invoicing and payment is not significant. For certain services and client types, we may require payment prior to delivery of services to the client, for which deferred revenue is recorded. In certain scenarios where a third-party vendor is involved in our revenue transactions with our clients, we evaluate whether we are the principal or the agent in the transaction. In situations where we act as principal in the transaction, we control the performance obligation prior to transfer to the client, and we report the related amounts as gross revenues and cost of services. When we act as agent in the transaction, we do not control the performance obligation prior to transfer to the client, and we report the related amounts as revenues on a net basis. A majority of these agent transactions occur within our TAPFIN - Managed Service Provider (MSP) programs where our performance obligation is to manage our client’s contingent workforce, and we earn a commission based on the amount of staffing services that are managed through the program. We are the agent in these transactions as we do not control the third-party providers' staffing services provided to the client through our MSP program prior to those services being transferred to the client. For certain client contracts where we recognize revenues over time, we recognize the amount that we have the right to invoice, which corresponds directly to the value provided to the client of our performance to date. As allowed under the guidance, we do not disclose the amount of unsatisfied performance obligations for client contracts with an original expected length of one year or less and those client contracts for which we recognize revenues at the amount to which we have the right to invoice for services performed. We have other contracts with revenues expected to be recognized subsequent to December 31, 2024 related to remaining performance obligations, which are not material. Accounts Receivable, Contract Assets and Contract Liabilities We record accounts receivable when our right to consideration becomes unconditional. Contract assets primarily relate to our rights to consideration for services provided that they are conditional on satisfaction of future performance obligations. We record contract liabilities (deferred revenue) when payments are made or due prior to the related performance obligations being satisfied. The current portion of our contract liabilities is included in accrued liabilities in our Consolidated Balance Sheets. We do not have any material contract assets or long-term contract liabilities. Our deferred revenue was $ 30.3 and $ 31.9 as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. We recognized the entire amount of the deferred revenue balance as of December 31, 2023 as revenue during the year ended December 31, 2024 . We expect to recognize the entire amount of deferred revenue balance as of December 31, 2024 as revenue in 2025. Allowance for Expected Credit Losses We have an allowance for expected credit losses recorded as an estimate of the accounts receivable balance that may not be collected. This allowance is calculated on an entity-by-entity basis with consideration for historical write-off experience, age of receivables, market conditions, and a specific review for expected credit losses. Items that affect this balance mainly include provision for expected credit losses and the write-off of accounts receivable balances. Changes in allowance for expected credit losses are as follows:
Balance at Bad Debt Expense Write-Offs Translation Reclassifications Balance
2024 $ 99.2 $ 9.0 $ ( 35.6 ) (a) $ ( 5.0 ) $ — $ 67.6
2023 109.3 5.4 ( 18.2 ) 2.7 — 99.2
2022 121.6 6.2 ( 12.4 ) ( 5.8 ) ( 0.3 ) 109.3 (a) Includes a $ 24.7 bad debt write-off in Italy to secure tax benefits. Bad debt expense is recorded as selling and administrative expenses in our Consolidated Statements of Operations. Factors that would cause this provision to increase primarily relate to increased bankruptcies by our clients and other difficulties collecting amounts billed. On the other hand, an improved write-off experience and aging of receivables would result in a decrease to the provision. Advertising Costs We expense production costs of advertising as they are incurred. Advertising expenses were $ 28.3 , $ 28.9 and $ 29.6 in 2024, 2023 and 2022 , respectively. Restructuring Costs We recorded net restructuring costs of $ 53.6 , $ 149.2 and $ 3.6 in 2024, 2023 and 2022, respectively, in selling and administrative expenses. Payments made from the restructuring reserve were $ 93.7 and $ 72.4 during 2024 and 2023, respectively. We use our restructuring reserve for severance, office closures, office consolidations, and professional and other fees related to restructuring in multiple countries and territories. We expect a majority of the remaining $ 46.5 reser ve will be paid by the end of 2025. Changes in the restructuring reserve by reportable segment and Corporate are shown below:
Americas (a) Southern (b) Northern APME Corporate Total
Balance, December 31, 2022 $ 1.0 $ 1.0 $ 11.0 $ 0.2 $ — 13.2
Severance costs 11.5 11.3 87.4 3.3 0.4 113.9
Other costs — 2.3 33.0 — — 35.3
Costs paid ( 7.7 ) ( 8.7 ) ( 52.5 ) ( 3.1 ) ( 0.4 ) ( 72.4 )
Balance, December 31, 2023 $ 4.8 $ 5.9 $ 78.9 $ 0.4 $ — $ 90.0
Severance costs 8.6 5.4 28.8 2.8 1.9 47.5
Lease costs (c) 0.5 0.1 2.8 — — 3.4
Other costs 0.1 0.8 1.8 — — 2.7
Non-cash charges ( 0.5 ) ( 0.1 ) ( 2.8 ) — — ( 3.4 )
Costs paid ( 7.8 ) ( 7.7 ) ( 77.4 ) ( 0.8 ) — ( 93.7 )
Balance, December 31, 2024 $ 5.7 $ 4.4 $ 32.1 $ 2.4 $ 1.9 $ 46.5 (a) Balance related to United States was $ 0.6 as of December 31, 2022. In 2023, United States incurred $ 7.7 for severance costs and paid $ 4.6 , leaving a $ 3.7 liability as of December 31, 2023. In 2024, United States incurred $ 6.0 for severance costs, $ 0.1 for other costs and paid $ 5.8 , leaving a $ 4.0 liability as of December 31, 2024. (b) France had a $ 0.9 liability as of December 31, 2022. In 2023, France incurred $ 2.1 for severance costs, $ 0.4 for other costs and paid $ 0.9 , leaving a $ 2.5 liability as of December 31, 2023. In 2024, France incurred $ 1.3 for severance costs, $ 0.5 for other costs and paid $ 3.1 , leaving a $ 1.2 liability as of December 31, 2024. As of December 31, 2022 Italy had no restructuring liability. In 2023, Italy incurred $ 1.6 for severance costs and paid $ 0.6 , leaving a $ 1.0 liability as of December 31, 2023. In 2024, Italy incurred $ 1.9 for severance costs, $ 0.1 for other costs and paid $ 1.0 , leaving a $ 2.0 liability as of December 31, 2024. (c) Liabilities related to exited leased facilities are recorded within our short-term and long-term operating lease liabilities within our Consolidated Balance Sheets. Income Taxes Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the future tax consequences attributable to differences between financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax basis, and net operating loss and tax credit carryforwards. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. We record a valuation allowance against deferred tax assets to reduce the assets to the amounts more likely than not to be realized. Fair Value Measurements The assets and liabilities measured and recorded at fair value on a recurring basis were as follows:
Fair Value Measurements Using Fair Value Measurements Using
December 31, 2024 Quoted Significant Significant December 31, 2023 Quoted Significant Significant
Assets
Deferred compensation plan assets $ 165.4 $ 165.4 $ — $ — $ 144.2 $ 144.2 $ — $ —
Cross-currency swaps 10.3 — 10.3 — 31.7 — 31.7 —
Foreign currency forward contracts — — — — 6.7 — 6.7 —
$ 175.7 $ 165.4 $ 10.3 $ — $ 182.6 $ 144.2 $ 38.4 $ —
Liabilities
Cross-currency swaps $ 37.0 $ — $ 37.0 $ — $ 73.3 $ — $ 73.3 $ —
Foreign currency forward contracts 0.7 — 0.7 — 2.3 — 2.3 —
$ 37.7 $ — $ 37.7 $ — $ 75.6 $ — $ 75.6 $ — Our deferred compensation plan assets are comprised of publicly traded securities, of which fair value is determined using market quotes as of the last day of the period. We record them in other assets in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. The fair value of the cross-currency swaps and foreign currency forward contracts are measured at the value based on a third party valuation model that performs a discounted cash flow analysis based on the terms of the contracts and market observable inputs such as current and forward interest rates and current and forward foreign exchange rates. The carrying values of cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, accounts payable and other current assets and liabilities approximate their fair values because of the short-term nature of these instruments. The carrying value of our variable-rate long-term debt and revolving debt facility approximates fair value. The fair value of the Euro-denominated notes, as observable at commonly quoted intervals (Level 2 inputs), was $ 928.5 and $ 977.6 as of December 31, 2024 and 2023 , respectively, compared to a carrying value of $ 928.4 and $ 988.2 , respectively. Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets We had goodwill, finite-lived intangible assets and indefinite-lived intangible assets as follows:
December 31, 2024 December 31, 2023
Gross Accumulated Net Gross Accumulated Net
Goodwill (a) $ 1,563.4 $ — $ 1,563.4 $ 1,586.8 $ — $ 1,586.8
Intangible assets:
Finite-lived:
Customer relationships $ 814.2 $ 509.1 $ 305.1 $ 824.9 $ 486.0 $ 338.9
Other 24.4 21.3 3.1 21.5 21.2 $ 0.3
838.6 530.4 308.2 846.4 507.2 339.2
Indefinite-lived:
Tradenames (b) 52.0 — 52.0 52.0 — 52.0
Reacquired franchise rights 125.9 — 125.9 128.4 — 128.4
177.9 — 177.9 180.4 — 180.4
Total intangible assets $ 1,016.5 $ 530.4 $ 486.1 $ 1,026.8 $ 507.2 $ 519.6 (a) Balances were net of accumulated impairment loss of $ 749.3 as of both December 31, 2024 and 2023 . (b) Balances were net of accumulated impairment loss of $ 139.5 as of both December 31, 2024 and 2023 . The consolidated amortization expense related to intangibles was $ 32.7 , $ 34.6 and $ 37.1 in 2024, 2023 and 2022, respectively. Amortization expense expected in each of the next five years related to acquisitions completed as of December 31, 2024 is as follows: 2025 - $ 31.0 , 2026 - $ 27.5 , 2027 - $ 26.9 , 2028 - $ 26.9 and 2029 - $ 26.5 . The weighted-average useful lives of the customer relationships and other are approximately 14 and 5 years, respectively. The tradenames have been assigned an indefinite life based on our expectation of renewing the tradenames, as required, without material modifications and at a minimal cost, and our expectation of positive cash flows beyond the foreseeable future. Indefinite-lived reacquired franchise rights resulted from our franchise acquisitions in the United States, Switzerland and Canada. These rights entitled the franchisees with unilateral control to operate perpetually in particular territories and have therefore been assigned an indefinite life. In accordance with the accounting guidance on goodwill and other intangible assets, we perform an annual impairment test of goodwill at our reporting unit level and indefinite-lived intangible assets at our unit of account level during the third quarter, or more frequently if events or circumstances change that would more likely than not reduce the fair value of our reporting units below their carrying value. In the event the fair value of a reporting unit is less than the carrying value, including goodwill, we would record an impairment charge based on the excess of a reporting units’ carrying amount over its fair value. We evaluate the recoverability of goodwill utilizing an income approach that estimates the fair value of the future discounted cash flows to which the goodwill relates. This approach reflects management’s outlook of the reporting units, which is believed to be the best determination of value due to management’s insight and experience with the reporting units. Significant assumptions used in our goodwill impairment tests include: expected future revenue growth rates, operating unit profit margins, working capital levels, discount rates, and terminal value multiple. The expected future revenue growth rates and operating unit profit margins are determined after taking into consideration our historical revenue growth rates and operating unit profit margins, our assessment of future market potential and our expectations of future business performance. We believe that the future discounted cash flow valuation model provides the most reasonable and meaningful fair value estimate based on the reporting units’ projections of future operating results and cash flows and is consistent with our view of how market participants would value the company’s reporting units in an orderly transaction. We performed our annual impairment test of our goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible assets during the third quarter of 2024, and determined that there was no impairment of our goodwill or indefinite-lived intangible assets as a result of our annual test. The excess of fair value over carrying amount for our goodwill reporting units, which exceeded 15 % or more of the respective carrying amounts, was sufficient to conclude that no impairment was indicated. The reacquired franchise right associated with our Switzerland business, which is an infinite-lived intangible asset, had an excess of fair value over carrying value of 5.2 %. Key assumptions included in the impairment test included a discount rate of 13.1 % and OUP margins ranging from 2.3 % to 5.5 %. The carrying value of the reacquired franchise right as of June 30, 2024 was $ 27.7 . While the excess of fair value over carrying amount exceeded 15 % for our reporting units, we did see a lower level of excess fair value year over year in many of our North America and Europe reporting units including three of these reporting units which approximate $ 1,243.0 of the consolidated goodwill balance. Given the current macroeconomic conditions in these regions, our assumptions on near-term expected future revenue growth rates and operating profit margins were lower than in the prior year assessment. Market conditions in North America and Europe continue to remain challenging given the economic uncertainty including the uncertainty surrounding the timing of an inflection point for improving market conditions. Management closely monitors the results of the reporting units and comparisons to the key assumptions used in our fair value estimate at the time of our annual impairment test, in addition to operational initiatives and macroeconomic conditions, which may impact the results of the reporting units. During the fourth quarter of 2024, in connection with the preparation of our annual financial statements, we assessed the changes in circumstances that occurred during the quarter to determine if it was more likely than not that the fair value of any reporting unit or indefinite-lived intangible asset were below its carrying amount. While we continued to see challenging market conditions in Europe which led to lower levels of revenue and OUP in certain of our reporting units than we had forecasted at the time of our impairment testing, we concluded based on our analysis performed, that the fair value of these reporting units continued to exceed the carrying value and did not identify a triggering event. There could be significant further decreases in the operating results of our reporting units for a sustained period, which may result in a recognition of goodwill impairment that could be material to the Consolidated Financial Statements. Capitalized Software for Internal Use We capitalize purchased software as well as internally developed software. Internal software development costs are capitalized from the time when the internal-use software is considered probable of completion until the software is ready for use. Business analysis, system evaluation, selection and software maintenance costs are expensed as incurred. Capitalized software costs are amortized using the straight-line method over the estimated useful life of the software which ranges from 3 to 10 years. The net capitalized software balance of $ 36.5 and $ 44.7 as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively, is included in other assets in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. Amortization expense related to the capitalized software costs, which is included in selling and administrative expenses, was $ 15.8 , $ 13.8 and $ 9.8 for 2024, 2023 and 2022, respectively. In 2023, we also recorded software impairment charges of $ 2.2 . Cloud Computing Arrangements We utilize cloud computing arrangements such as hosting arrangements that are service contracts, whereby we gain remote access to use software hosted by the vendor or another third party on an as-needed basis for a period of time in exchange for a subscription fee. Subscription fees are usually prepaid and recorded in selling and administrative expenses over the related subscription period. Certain implementation costs for cloud computing arrangements are capitalized in prepaid expenses or other noncurrent assets if they consist of internal and external costs directly attributable to developing and configuring cloud computing software for its intended use. Amortization of capitalized implementation costs is recorded in selling and administrative expenses on a straight-line basis over the term of the cloud computing arrangement, which is the non-cancellable period of agreement, together with periods covered by renewal options that we are reasonably certain to exercise. The unamortized implementation costs related to our cloud computing arrangements were $ 110.8 , $ 54.6 and $ 19.9 as of December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022, respectively. Property and Equipment A summary of property and equipment as of December 31 is as follows:
2024 2023
Land $ 0.4 $ 0.4
Buildings 6.0 6.4
Furniture, fixtures, and autos 145.6 148.5
Computer equipment 106.1 127.3
Leasehold improvements 230.1 243.9
Property and equipment $ 488.2 $ 526.5 Property and equipment are stated at cost and are depreciated using primarily the straight-line method over the followin g estimated useful lives: buildings - up to 40 years; furniture, fixtures, autos and computer equipment - 3 to 16 years; leasehold improvements - lesser of life of asset or expected lease term . Expenditures for renewals and betterments ar e capitalized whereas expenditures for repairs and maintenance are charged to income as incurred. Upon sale or disposition of property and equipment, the difference between the unamortized cost and the proceeds is recorded as either a gain or a loss and is included in our Consolidated Statements of Operations. Long-lived assets are evaluated for impairment in accordance with the provisions of the accounting guidance on the impairment or disposal of long-lived assets. Leases We recognize right-of-use assets (“ROU”) and lease liabilities on the balance sheet for leases with lease terms longer than 12 months and we classify the lease as a finance or operating lease which affects the recognition, measurement, and presentation of lease expenses and cash flows. We have operating leases for real estate, vehicles, and equipment. Our leases have remaining lease terms of 1 month to 15 years. Our lease agreements may include renewal or termination options for varying periods that are generally at our discretion. In our lease term, we only include those periods related to renewal options we are reasonably certain to exercise. However, we generally do not include these renewal options as we are not reasonably certain to renew at the lease commencement date. This determination is based on our consideration of certain economic, strategic and other factors that we evaluate at lease commencement date and reevaluate throughout the lease term. Some leases also include options to terminate the contracts, and we only include those periods beyond the termination date if we are reasonably certain not to exercise the termination option. Some leasing arrangements require variable payments that are dependent on usage or may vary for other reasons, such as payments for insurance and tax payments. The variable portion of lease payments is not included in our ROU assets or lease liabilities. Rather, variable payments, other than those dependent upon an index or rate, are expensed when the obligation for those payments is incurred and are included in lease expenses recorded in selling and administrative expenses on the Consolidated Statements of Operations. We have lease agreements with both lease and non-lease components that are treated as a single lease component for all underlying asset classes. Accordingly, all expenses associated with a lease contract are accounted for as lease expenses. Leases with a term of 12 months or less are not recognized on the balance sheet, but rather expensed on a straight-line basis over the lease term. We do not include significant restrictions or covenants in our lease agreements, and residual value guarantees are generally not included within our operating leases. As of December 31, 2024 , we did not have any material additional operating leases that have not yet commenced. Derivative Financial Instruments Derivative instruments are recorded on the balance sheet as either an asset or liability measured at their fair value. If the derivative is designated as a fair value hedge, the changes in the fair value of the derivative and of the hedged item attributable to the hedged risk are recognized in earnings. If the derivative is designated as a cash flow hedge, the effective portions of the changes in the fair value of the derivative are recorded as a component of accumulated other comprehensive loss and recognized in the Consolidated Statements of Operations when the hedged item affects earnings. The ineffective portions of the changes in the fair value of cash flow hedges are recognized in earnings. Foreign Currency Translation Asset and liability accounts are translated at the current exchange rates and income statement items are translated at the average exchange rates each month. The resulting translation adjustments are recorded as a component of accumulated other comprehensive loss, which is included in shareholders’ equity. As of July 1, 2018, the Argentina economy was designated as highly-inflationary and was treated as such for accounting purposes for all periods presented. A portion of our Euro-denominated notes is accounted for as a hedge of our net investment in our subsidiaries with a Euro-functional currency. For this portion of the Euro- denominated notes, since our net investment in these subsidiaries exceeds the amount of the related borrowings, net of tax, the related translation gains or losses are included as a component of accumulated other comprehensive loss. Shareholders’ Equity The Board of Directors authorized the repurchase of 5.0 million and 4.0 million shares of our common stock in August 2023 and August 2021, respectively. Share repurchases may be made from time to time through a variety of methods, including open market purchases, block transactions, privately negotiated transactions or similar facilities. In 2024 , we repurchased a total of 2.0 million shares under the 2023 authorization, at a total cost of $ 140.9 including excise tax on share repurchases of $ 0.9 . In 2023, we repurchased a total of 2.4 million shares comprised of 2.0 million shares under the 2021 authorization and 0.4 million shares under the 2023 authorization, at a total cost of $ 181.5 including excise tax on share repurchases of $ 1.7 . In 2022, we repurchased a total of 3.2 million shares comprised of 1.2 million shares under the 2019 authorization and 2.0 million shares under the 2021 authorization, at a total cost of $ 270.0 . As of December 31, 2024 , there were 2.6 million shares remaining authorized for repurchase under the 2023 authorization and no shares remaining authorized for repurchase under the 2021 authorization. During 2024, 2023 and 2022 , the Board of Directors declared total cash dividends of $ 3.08 , $ 2.94 and $ 2.72 per share, respectively, resulting in total dividend paym ents of $ 145.8 , $ 144.3 and $ 139.9 , respectively. Noncontrolling interests, included in total sha reholders' equity in our Consolidated Balance Sheets, represent amounts related to majority-owned subsidiaries in which we have a controlling financial interest. Net earnings attributable to these noncontrolling interests are recorded in interest and other expenses in our Consolidated Statements of Operations. We recorded expenses of $ 0.3 , $ 0.4 and $ 0.8 for 2024, 2023 and 2022 , respectively. Cash and Cash Equivalents Cash and cash equivalents comprise cash on hand, term deposits with banks and short-term highly-liquid financial investments that are readily convertible to known amounts of cash which are subject to insignificant risk of changes in value; and have a maturity of three months or less from the date of acquisition. Accounting Standards Effective as of January 1, 2024 In November 2023, the FASB issued new guidance on segment reporting. The guidance requires an annual and interim disclosure of significant segment expenses that are (1) regularly provided to the chief operating decision maker and (2) included in the reported measure of segment profit or loss. The guidance also allows companies to disclose multiple measures of segment profit or loss if those measures are used to assess performance and allocate resources. We adopted the new guidance for our 2024 annual disclosures. See Note 14 to the Consolidated Financial Statements for more information. Recently Issued Accounting Standards In November 2024, the FASB issued new guidance on disaggregation of income statement expenses. The guidance requires disclosures about specific types of expenses included in the expense captions presented on the face of the income statement, as well as disclosures about selling expenses. The guidance is effective for our 2027 annual financial statements and can be adopted prospectively or retrospectively. 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