Collaboration and Contract Research Agreements | Collaboration Agreements The Company has entered into various agreements related to its activities to research, develop, manufacture, and commercialize product candidates and utilize its technology platforms. Significant agreements of this kind are described below. a. Sanofi Sanofi owned a total of 23,108,570 shares of the Company's Common Stock as of December 31, 2015, a portion of which was purchased in connection with the companies' ZALTRAP ® and antibody collaborations described below. See Note 13 for a description of the investor agreement between Sanofi and the Company. The collaboration revenue the Company earned from Sanofi is detailed below: Year Ended December 31, Sanofi Collaboration Revenue 2015 2014 2013 Antibody: Reimbursement of Regeneron research and development expenses $ 735,439 $ 547,761 $ 453,489 Reimbursement of Regeneron commercialization-related expenses 157,350 19,480 1,868 Regeneron's share of losses in connection with commercialization of antibodies (240,042 ) (41,378 ) — Up-front payments to Sanofi for acquisition of rights related to two antibodies — — (20,000 ) Other 10,243 10,243 10,243 Total Antibody 662,990 536,106 445,600 Immuno-oncology: Reimbursement of Regeneron research and development expenses 39,961 — — Other 40,000 — — Total Immuno-oncology 79,961 — — ZALTRAP: Regeneron's share of losses in connection with commercialization of ZALTRAP — (4,715 ) (30,810 ) Reimbursement of Regeneron research and development expenses 686 4,806 5,639 Other 15,236 5,102 9,682 Total ZALTRAP 15,922 5,193 (15,489 ) $ 758,873 $ 541,299 $ 430,111 Other selected financial information in connection with the Company's collaboration agreements with Sanofi is as follows: December 31, 2015 2014 Antibody: Accounts receivable, net $ 126,687 $ 110,559 Deferred revenue 84,237 64,408 Immuno-oncology: Accounts receivable, net $ 21,394 — Deferred revenue 600,000 — Antibodies In November 2007, the Company entered into a global, strategic collaboration with Sanofi to discover, develop, and commercialize fully human monoclonal antibodies (the "Antibody Collaboration") . The Antibody Collaboration is governed by the companies' Discovery and Preclinical Development Agreement ("Antibody Discovery Agreement") and a License and Collaboration Agreement (each as amended). In connection with the execution of the Antibody Discovery Agreement in 2007, the Company received a non-refundable up-front payment of $85.0 million from Sanofi. In addition, under the Antibody Discovery Agreement, Sanofi is funding the Company's research to identify and validate potential drug discovery targets and develop fully human monoclonal antibodies against these targets. In November 2009, the Company and Sanofi amended these collaboration agreements to expand and extend the Antibody Collaboration. Pursuant to the Antibody Discovery Agreement, as amended, Sanofi agreed to fund up to $160.0 million per year of the Company's research activities in 2010 through 2017. However, in July 2015, in connection with the Company’s new immuno-oncology collaboration with Sanofi, as described below, the Company’s Antibody Discovery Agreement and License and Collaboration Agreement with Sanofi were each amended. In connection with these amendments, Sanofi's funding of the Company’s antibody discovery activities under the existing Antibody Collaboration was reduced to up to $145.0 million in 2015, and up to $130.0 million in both 2016 and 2017, or an aggregate reduction of $75.0 million over this three -year period. In addition, the Company's discovery activities to identify and validate potential drug discovery targets in the field of immuno-oncology and develop fully human monoclonal antibodies against these targets will be funded by Sanofi under the terms of the companies’ new immuno-oncology collaboration. Sanofi has an option to extend certain antibody development and preclinical activities relating to selected program targets for up to an additional three years after 2017. For each drug candidate identified under the Antibody Discovery Agreement, Sanofi has the option to license rights to the candidate under the License and Collaboration Agreement. If it elects to do so, Sanofi will co-develop the drug candidate with the Company through product approval. Under certain defined circumstances, upon exercising its option to license rights to particular candidates, Sanofi must make a $10 million substantive milestone payment to the Company. If Sanofi does not exercise its option to license rights to a particular drug candidate under the License and Collaboration Agreement, or if Sanofi elects not to continue to co-develop a product candidate, the Company retains the exclusive right to develop and commercialize such drug candidate and Sanofi will receive a royalty on sales, if any. The Company and Sanofi are currently co-developing various therapeutic antibodies under the License and Collaboration Agreement. Under the License and Collaboration Agreement, agreed-upon worldwide development expenses incurred by both companies during the term of the agreement are funded by Sanofi, except that following receipt of the first positive Phase 3 trial results for a co-developed drug candidate, subsequent Phase 3 trial-related costs for that drug candidate ("Shared Phase 3 Trial Costs") are shared 80% by Sanofi and 20% by Regeneron. Consequently, commencing in 2013, the Company recognized as additional research and development expense $92.6 million , $109.7 million , and $17.6 million in 2015, 2014, and 2013, respectively, of antibody development expenses that the Company was obligated to reimburse to Sanofi related to Praluent and sarilumab. If the Antibody Collaboration becomes profitable, Regeneron will be obligated to reimburse Sanofi for 50% of worldwide development expenses that were fully funded by Sanofi and 30% of Shared Phase 3 Trial Costs, in accordance with a defined formula based on the amounts of these expenses and the Company's share of collaboration profits from commercialization of collaboration products. However, the Company is not required to apply more than 10% of its share of the profits from the Antibody Collaboration in any calendar quarter to reimburse Sanofi for these development costs. The Company's contingent reimbursement obligation to Sanofi under the Antibody Collaboration was approximately $1,832 million as of December 31, 2015. Sanofi will lead commercialization activities for products developed under the License and Collaboration Agreement, subject to the Company's right to co-promote such products. The parties will equally share profits and losses from sales within the United States. The parties will share profits outside the United States on a sliding scale based on sales starting at 65% (Sanofi)/ 35% (Regeneron) and ending at 55% (Sanofi)/ 45% (Regeneron), and losses outside the United States at 55% (Sanofi)/ 45% (Regeneron). In addition to profit sharing, the Company is entitled to receive up to $250 million in sales milestone payments, with milestone payments commencing only if and after aggregate annual sales outside the United States exceed $1.0 billion on a rolling twelve -month basis. Regeneron is obligated to use commercially reasonable efforts to supply clinical requirements of each drug candidate under the Antibody Collaboration until commercial supplies of that drug candidate are being manufactured. In connection with the November 2009 amendment of the collaboration's Antibody Discovery Agreement, Sanofi funded $30.0 million of agreed-upon costs the Company incurred to expand its manufacturing capacity at its Rensselaer, New York facilities. Additionally, during 2014, Sanofi agreed to fund up to $17.5 million of agreed-upon costs incurred by the Company in connection with expanding the Company's manufacturing capacity at its Rensselaer, New York facility, of which $13.2 million has been received or is receivable as of December 31, 2015. Payments received from Sanofi to fund agreed-upon expansions of the Company's manufacturing capacity are initially recorded as deferred revenue by the Company and are being recognized as collaboration revenue over the related performance period. With respect to each antibody product which enters development under the License and Collaboration Agreement, Sanofi or the Company may, by giving twelve months' notice, opt-out of further development and/or commercialization of the product, in which event the other party retains exclusive rights to continue the development and/or commercialization of the product. The Company may also opt-out of the further development of an antibody product if it gives notice to Sanofi within thirty days of the date that Sanofi enters joint development of such antibody product under the License and Collaboration Agreement. Each of the Antibody Discovery Agreement and the License and Collaboration Agreement contains other termination provisions, including for material breach by the other party. Prior to December 31, 2017, Sanofi has the right to terminate the amended Antibody Discovery Agreement without cause with at least three months advance written notice; however, except under defined circumstances, Sanofi would be obligated to immediately pay to the Company the full amount of unpaid research funding during the remaining term of the research agreement through December 31, 2017. Upon termination of the collaboration in its entirety, the Company's obligation to reimburse Sanofi for development costs out of any future profits from collaboration products will terminate. In the event of termination of the amended Antibody Discovery Agreement, the Company retains exclusive rights to continue the development and/or commercialization of such product(s). Upon expiration of the amended Antibody Discovery Agreement, Sanofi has an option to license the Company's VelocImmune ® technology for an annual license fee plus royalties on any future sales of products developed using VelocImmune technology. In connection with the Antibody Collaboration, in August 2008, the Company entered into a separate agreement with Sanofi, which extended through December 2012, to use Regeneron's proprietary VelociGene ® technology platform to supply Sanofi with genetically modified mammalian models of gene function and disease (the " VelociGene Agreement") . The VelociGene Agreement provided for minimum annual order quantities for the term of the agreement, for which the Company received payments totaling $21.5 million . Payments received were initially recorded as deferred revenue by the Company and are being recognized as collaboration revenue over the related performance period. In May 2013, the Company acquired from Sanofi full exclusive rights to two families of novel antibodies invented at Regeneron and previously included in the Company's Antibody Collaboration with Sanofi. The Company acquired full rights to antibodies targeting the platelet derived growth factor (PDGF) family of receptors and ligands in ophthalmology and all other indications and to antibodies targeting the angiopoietin-2 (Ang2) receptor and ligand in ophthalmology. As noted in the "Sanofi collaboration revenue" table above, in 2013, with respect to PDGF antibodies, the Company made a $10.0 million up-front payment to Sanofi, and, with respect to Ang2 antibodies in ophthalmology, the Company made a $10.0 million up-front payment to Sanofi. In addition, with respect to PDGF antibodies, the Company made two $5.0 million development milestone payments to Sanofi in 2014 and a $10.0 million development milestone payment to Sanofi in 2015, each of which was recorded as research and development expense. The Company is obligated to pay up to $20 million in additional potential development milestones as well as royalties on any future sales of PDGF antibodies. In July 2014, in connection with the Company's Antibody Collaboration with Sanofi, the Company purchased an FDA priority review voucher from a third party for $67.5 million . The Company and Sanofi equally shared the priority review voucher's purchase price, and the Company's share of the cost, or $33.8 million , was recorded as a research and development expense during 2014. The Company subsequently transferred the voucher to Sanofi, which used the priority review voucher in connection with the Biologics License Application submission to the FDA for Praluent. Reimbursement of Regeneron commercialization-related expenses represents reimbursement of internal and external costs in connection with preparing to commercialize or commercializing, as applicable, Praluent and sarilumab. Effective in the second and fourth quarters of 2014, the Company and Sanofi began sharing pre-launch commercialization expenses related to Praluent and sarilumab, respectively, in accordance with the companies’ License and Collaboration Agreement. Consequently, the Company began recording its share of losses in connection with preparing to commercialize these two antibody candidates within Sanofi collaboration revenue. As described in Note 1 above, in July 2015, the FDA approved Praluent in the United States and in September 2015, the European Commission granted marketing authorization of Praluent. Therefore, commencing in 2015, the Company also recorded within Sanofi collaboration revenue its share of the Antibody Collaboration's losses in connection with commercialization of Praluent. Immuno-Oncology In July 2015, the Company and Sanofi entered into a collaboration to discover, develop, and commercialize antibody-based cancer treatments in the field of immuno-oncology (the "IO Collaboration"). The IO Collaboration is governed by an Immuno-oncology Discovery and Development Agreement ("IO Discovery Agreement"), and an Immuno-oncology License and Collaboration Agreement ("IO License and Collaboration Agreement"). In connection with the IO Discovery Agreement, Sanofi made a $265.0 million non-refundable up-front payment to the Company. Pursuant to the IO Discovery Agreement, the Company will spend up to $1,090.0 million ("IO Discovery Budget") to identify and validate potential immuno-oncology targets and develop therapeutic antibodies against such targets through clinical proof-of-concept. Sanofi will reimburse the Company for up to $825.0 million ("IO Discovery Funding") of these costs, subject to certain annual limits, which consists of (i) $750.0 million in new funding and (ii) $75.0 million of funding that would have otherwise been available to Regeneron under the existing Antibody Discovery Agreement, as described above. The term of the IO Discovery Agreement will continue through the later of five years from the effective date of the IO Collaboration or the date the IO Discovery Budget is exhausted, subject to Sanofi’s option to extend it for up to an additional three years for the continued development (and funding) of selected ongoing programs. Pursuant to the IO Discovery Agreement, the Company will be primarily responsible for the design and conduct of all research activities, including target identification and validation, antibody development, preclinical activities, toxicology studies, manufacture of preclinical and clinical supplies, filing of Investigational New Drug ("IND") Applications, and clinical development through proof-of-concept. The Company will reimburse Sanofi for half of the development costs they funded that are attributable to clinical development of antibody product candidates under the IO Discovery Agreement from Regeneron's share of future profits, if any, from commercialized products to the extent they are sufficient for this purpose. However, the Company is not required to apply more than 10% of its share of the profits from IO Collaboration products in any calendar quarter towards reimbursing Sanofi for these development costs. With regard to product candidates for which proof-of-concept is established, Sanofi will have the option to license rights to the product candidate pursuant to the IO License and Collaboration Agreement (as further described below). If Sanofi does not exercise its option to license rights to a product candidate, the Company will retain the exclusive right to develop and commercialize such product candidate and Sanofi will be entitled to receive a royalty on sales. In connection with the IO License and Collaboration Agreement, Sanofi made a $375.0 million non-refundable up-front payment to the Company. If Sanofi exercises its option to license rights to a product candidate thereunder, it will co-develop the drug candidate with the Company through product approval. Principal control of development of each product candidate that enters development under the IO License and Collaboration Agreement will alternate between the Company and Sanofi on a candidate-by-candidate basis. Sanofi will fund drug candidate development costs up front for the candidates for which it is the principal controlling party and the Company will reimburse half of the total development costs for all such candidates from its share of future profits to the extent they are sufficient for this purpose, subject to the same 10% reimbursement limitation described above. In addition, Sanofi and the Company will share equally, on an ongoing basis, the development costs for the drug candidates for which the Company is the principal controlling party. The party having principal control over the development of a product candidate will also lead the commercialization activities for such product candidate in the United States. For all products commercialized under the IO License and Collaboration Agreement, Sanofi will lead commercialization activities outside of the United States. Each party will have the right to co-promote licensed products in countries where it is not the lead commercialization party. The parties will share equally in profits and losses in connection with the commercialization of collaboration products. The Company is obligated to use commercially reasonable efforts to supply clinical requirements of each drug candidate under the IO License and Collaboration Agreement until commercial supplies of that IO drug candidate are being manufactured. Under the terms of the IO License and Collaboration Agreement, the parties will also co-develop the Company’s antibody product candidate targeting the receptor known as Programmed Cell Death protein 1, or PD-1 ("REGN2810"). The parties will share equally, on an ongoing basis, development expenses for REGN2810 up to a total of $650.0 million . The Company will have principal control over the development of REGN2810 and will lead commercialization activities in the United States, subject to Sanofi’s right to co-promote, while Sanofi will lead commercialization activities outside of the United States and the parties will equally share profits from worldwide sales. The Company will be entitled to a milestone payment of $375.0 million in the event that sales of all licensed products targeting PD-1 (including REGN2810), together with sales of any other products licensed under the IO License and Collaboration Agreement and sold for use in combination with a licensed product targeting PD-1, equal or exceed $2 billion in any consecutive twelve -month period. With respect to each product candidate that enters development under the IO License and Collaboration Agreement, Sanofi or the Company may, by giving twelve months’ notice, opt-out of further development and/or commercialization of the product, in which event the other party will retain exclusive rights to continue the development and/or commercialization of such product. At the inception of the IO Collaboration, the Company's significant deliverables consisted of (i) license to certain rights and intellectual property, (ii) providing research and development services, and (iii) manufacturing clinical supplies. The Company concluded that the license did not have standalone value, primarily due to the fact that such rights were not sold separately by the Company, nor could Sanofi receive any benefit from the license without the fulfillment of other ongoing obligations by the Company, including the clinical supply arrangement. Therefore, the deliverables were considered a single unit of accounting. Consequently, the $640.0 million in aggregate up-front payments was initially recorded as deferred revenue, and will be recognized ratably as revenue over the related performance period. ZALTRAP In September 2003, the Company entered into a collaboration agreement ("ZALTRAP Collaboration Agreement") with Aventis Pharmaceuticals Inc. (predecessor to Sanofi U.S.) to jointly develop and commercialize ZALTRAP. Under the terms of the ZALTRAP Collaboration Agreement, as amended, Regeneron and Sanofi shared co-promotion rights and profits and losses on sales of ZALTRAP outside of Japan, and the Company was entitled to receive a percentage of sales of ZALTRAP in Japan. Sanofi commenced sales of ZALTRAP (ziv-aflibercept) Injection for Intravenous Infusion, in combination with 5-fluorouracil, leucovorin, irinotecan ("FOLFIRI"), for patients with metastatic colorectal cancer ("mCRC") that is resistant to or has progressed following an oxaliplatin-containing regimen, in the United States in 2012 and in certain European and other countries in 2013. In February 2015, the Company and Sanofi entered into an amended and restated ZALTRAP agreement ("Amended ZALTRAP Agreement"), with an effective date of July 1, 2014. Under the terms of the Amended ZALTRAP Agreement, Sanofi is solely responsible for the development and commercialization of ZALTRAP for cancer indications worldwide. Sanofi bears the cost of all development and commercialization activities and reimburses Regeneron for its costs for any such activities. Sanofi pays the Company a percentage of aggregate net sales of ZALTRAP during each calendar year, which percentage shall be from 15% to 30% , depending on the aggregate net sales of ZALTRAP in such calendar year. The Company will also be paid for all quantities of ZALTRAP manufactured by it, pursuant to a supply agreement, through the earlier of 2021 or the date Sanofi receives regulatory approval to manufacture ZALTRAP at one of its facilities, or a facility of a third party. In addition, Regeneron no longer has a contingent contractual obligation to reimburse Sanofi for 50% of the development expenses that Sanofi previously funded for the development of ZALTRAP under the ZALTRAP Collaboration Agreement. Unless terminated earlier in accordance with its provisions, the Amended ZALTRAP Agreement will continue to be in effect until such time as neither Sanofi nor its affiliates or sublicensees is developing or commercializing ZALTRAP. As a result of entering into the Amended ZALTRAP Agreement, in the first quarter of 2015, the Company recognized $14.9 million of collaboration revenue, which was previously recorded as deferred revenue under the ZALTRAP Collaboration Agreement, related to (i) amounts that were previously reimbursed by Sanofi for manufacturing commercial supplies of ZALTRAP since the risk of inventory loss no longer existed, and (ii) the unamortized portion of up-front payments from Sanofi as the Company had no further performance obligations. In addition, during the year ended December 31, 2015, the Company recorded $38.8 million , in other revenue, primarily related to (i) revenues earned from Sanofi based on a percentage of net sales of ZALTRAP and (ii) revenues earned from Sanofi for manufacturing ZALTRAP commercial supplies. b. Bayer HealthCare LLC The Company and Bayer HealthCare globally collaborate on the development and commercialization of EYLEA outside of the United States. The Company and Bayer HealthCare share the costs of the development of EYLEA. Bayer HealthCare commenced sales of EYLEA outside the United States for the treatment of wet AMD in 2012, macular edema secondary to CRVO in 2013, visual impairment due to DME in the third quarter of 2014, mCNV (in Japan) in the fourth quarter of 2014, and macular edema following BRVO in the second quarter of 2015. Bayer HealthCare markets EYLEA outside the United States, where, for countries other than Japan, the Company and Bayer HealthCare will share equally in profits and losses from sales of EYLEA. The Company is entitled to receive a percentage of between 33.5% and 40.0% of EYLEA annual sales in Japan. Within the United States, the Company is responsible for commercialization of EYLEA and retains exclusive rights to all profits from such commercialization in the United States. In 2014, the Company entered into a license and collaboration agreement with Bayer HealthCare governing the joint development and commercialization outside the United States of an antibody product candidate to Platelet Derived Growth Factor Receptor Beta (PDGFR-beta). The collaboration revenue the Company earned from Bayer HealthCare is detailed below: Year Ended December 31, Bayer HealthCare Collaboration Revenue 2015 2014 2013 EYLEA: Regeneron's net profit in connection with commercialization of EYLEA outside the United States $ 466,667 $ 301,302 $ 101,494 Sales and substantive development milestones 15,000 105,000 70,000 Cost-sharing of Regeneron EYLEA development expenses 8,887 23,383 20,905 Other 69,466 52,390 27,890 Total EYLEA 560,020 482,075 220,289 PDGFR-beta antibody: Cost-sharing of REGN2176-3 development expenses 10,075 2,848 — Other 10,393 10,632 — Total PDGFR-beta 20,468 13,480 — $ 580,488 $ 495,555 $ 220,289 Other selected financial information in connection with the Company's collaboration agreements with Bayer HealthCare is as follows: December 31, 2015 2014 EYLEA: Accounts receivable, net $ 160,755 $ 124,293 Deferred revenue 46,694 28,752 PDGFR-beta antibody: Accounts receivable, net $ 1,397 $ 1,191 Deferred revenue 9,522 19,909 EYLEA outside the United States In October 2006, the Company entered into a license and collaboration agreement with Bayer HealthCare for the global development and commercialization outside the United States of EYLEA. Under the terms of the agreement, Bayer HealthCare made a non-refundable up-front payment to the Company of $75.0 million . The Company also received from Bayer HealthCare a $20.0 million development milestone payment in 2007 (which, for the purpose of revenue recognition, was not considered substantive). The $75.0 million up-front payment and the $20.0 million milestone payment are being recognized as collaboration revenue over the related estimated performance period in accordance with the Company's revenue recognition policy as described in Note 1. Since 2009, all agreed-upon EYLEA development expenses incurred by the Company and Bayer HealthCare, under a global development plan, are being shared equally. The Company is also obligated to use commercially reasonable efforts to supply clinical and commercial bulk product of EYLEA. Bayer HealthCare has the right to terminate the license and collaboration agreement without cause with at least six months' or twelve months' advance notice depending on defined circumstances at the time of termination. In the event of termination of the agreement for any reason, the Company retains all rights to EYLEA. The Company is obligated to reimburse Bayer HealthCare out of its share of the collaboration profits (including the Company's percentage of sales of EYLEA in Japan) for 50% of the agreed-upon development expenses that Bayer HealthCare has incurred in accordance with a formula based on the amount of development expenses that Bayer HealthCare has incurred and the Company's share of the collaboration profits, or at a faster rate at the Company's option. The Company's contingent reimbursement obligation to Bayer HealthCare was approximately $258 million as of December 31, 2015. In 2013, the Company earned a $15.0 million and a $10.0 million substantive milestone payment related to marketing and pricing approval, respectively, of EYLEA for the treatment of macular edema secondary to CRVO. In addition, in 2013, the Company earned, and recorded as revenue, $45.0 million of sales milestone payments from Bayer HealthCare upon total aggregate net sales of EYLEA outside the United States achieving certain specified levels starting at $200 million over a twelve -month period. In 2014, the Company earned, and recorded as revenue, $90.0 million of sales milestone payments from Bayer HealthCare upon total aggregate net sales of EYLEA outside the United States achieving certain specified levels starting at $500 million over a twelve -month period. In addition, in connection with a November 2013 agreement under which Bayer HealthCare obtained rights to use certain of the Company's EYLEA clinical data for a regulatory filing, the Company earned, and recorded as revenue, a $15.0 million sales milestone payment in 2014 from Bayer HealthCare upon total aggregate net sales of specific commercial supplies of EYLEA outside the United States exceeding $100 million over a twelve -month period. In 2015, the Company earned, and recorded as revenue, the final sales milestone payment from Bayer HealthCare, in the amount of $15.0 million , upon total aggregate net sales of specific commercial supplies of EYLEA outside the United States exceeding $200 million over a twelve -month period. In January 2014, Bayer HealthCare decided to participate in the global development and commercialization of EYLEA outside the United States for the treatment of macular edema following BRVO. In connection with this decision, Bayer HealthCare reimbursed Regeneron $15.7 million for a defined share of the EYLEA global development costs that the Company had incurred prior to February 2014 for the BRVO indication, which was recognized as Bayer HealthCare collaboration revenue in the first quarter of 2014 and is included with "Cost-sharing of Regeneron EYLEA development expenses" in the table above. In addition, all future agreed upon global EYLEA development expenses incurred in connection with BRVO are being shared equally, and any profits or losses on sales of EYLEA outside of the United States for the treatment of macular edema following BRVO are also shared (for countries other than Japan). The Company is entitled to receive a tiered percentage of EYLEA net sales in Japan. In periods when Bayer HealthCare incurs agreed-upon EYLEA development expenses that benefit the collaboration and Regeneron, the Company recognizes, as additional research and development expense, the portion of Bayer HealthCare's EYLEA development expenses that the Company is obligated to reimburse. In 2015, 2014, and 2013, the Company recognized as research and development expense $13.7 million , $18.6 million , and $15.3 million , respectively, of EYLEA development expenses that the Company was obligated to reimburse to Bayer HealthCare. PDGFR-beta antibody outside the United States In January 2014, the Company entered into an agreement with Bayer HealthCare governing the joint development and commercialization outside the United States of an antibody product candidate to PDGFR-beta, including in combination with aflibercept, for the treatment of ocular diseases or disorders. REGN2176-3, a combination product candidate comprised of an antibody to PDGFR-beta co-formulated with aflibercept, is being developed under the agreement. Under the agreement, the Company will conduct the initial development of the PDGFR-beta antibody through completion of the first proof-of-concept study, upon which Bayer HealthCare will have a right to opt-in to license and collaborate on further development and commercialization outside the United States. In connection with the agreement, Bayer HealthCare made a $25.5 million non-refundable up-front payment to the Company in January 2014, and is obligated to pay 25% of global development costs and 50% of development costs exclusively for the territory outside the United States under the initial development plan. In addition, Bayer HealthCare is obligated to reimburse the Company for 50% of development milestone payments to Sanofi related to the Company's acquisition of rights to antibodies targeting the PDGF family of receptors in May 2013. In that regard, Bayer HealthCare made two $2.5 million development milestone payments to the Company in 2014 (both of which, for the purpose of revenue recognition, were not considered substantive) and a $5.0 million development milestone payment to the Company in 2015 (which was recognized as a substantive milestone). The Company is eligible to receive a $10.0 million additional future development milestone payment from Bayer HealthCare, although this payment could be reduced by half i |