Revenue Recognition | REVENUE RECOGNITION Our revenue is recognized when, or as, performance obligations under the terms of a contract are satisfied, which occurs when control of the promised products or services is transferred to a customer. We exclude sales, use, value-added, and other taxes we collect on behalf of third parties from revenue. Revenue is measured as the amount of consideration we expect to receive in exchange for transferring products or services to a customer. To accurately present the consideration received in exchange for promised products or services, we apply the five-step model outlined below: 1. Identification of a contract or agreement with a customer 2. Identification of our performance obligations in the contract or agreement 3. Determination of the transaction price 4. Allocation of the transaction price to the performance obligations 5. Recognition of revenue when, or as, we satisfy a performance obligation We enter into contracts where customers purchase combinations of products and services, which are generally capable of being distinct and accounted for as separate performance obligations. The timing of revenue recognition, billings, and cash collections results in accounts receivable, lease receivables, and contract assets as a result of revenue recognized in advance of billings, and contract liabilities or deferred revenue as a result of receiving consideration in advance of revenue recognition within our consolidated balance sheet. Our general payment terms range from 30 to 60 days, with exceptions in certain geographies. Contracts may be amended to account for changes in contract specifications and requirements. Contract modifications exist when the amendment either creates new, or changes existing, enforceable rights and obligations. A modification is considered to be a separate contract, and revenue is recognized prospectively, when the modification creates new performance obligations to deliver additional goods or services and the related increase in consideration approximates the standalone selling price for the additional goods or services. If a contract modification does not create a new performance obligation to deliver new goods and/or services but the goods and/or services to be delivered after the contract modification date are distinct from the goods and/or services delivered on or before the contract modification date, then this contract modification is not accounted for as a separate contract, and we account for the goods and/or services to be delivered after the contract modification date prospectively. We account for a contract modification as if it were a part of the existing contract if the remaining goods or services are not distinct and, therefore, form part of a single performance obligation that is partially satisfied at the date of the contract modification. The effect that these contract modifications have on the transaction price, and on our measure of progress toward complete satisfaction of the performance obligation, is recognized as an adjustment to revenue at the date of the contract modification, with the adjustment to revenue made on a cumulative catch-up basis. Below is a listing of our major categories of revenue for our products and services. Diagnostic Products and Accessories . Diagnostic products and accessories revenues, including IDEXX VetLab ® consumables and accessories, rapid assay, LPD, Water, and OPTI testing products, are predominantly recognized and invoiced at the time of shipment, which is when the customer obtains control of the product based on legal title transfer and we have the right to payment. We also provide customers with certain consumables that are recognized upon utilization by the customer, which is when we have the right to payment and the risks and rewards of ownership transfer. Shipping costs reimbursed by the customer are included in revenue and cost of sales. As a practical expedient, we do not account for shipping activities as a separate performance obligation. Laboratory Diagnostic and Consulting Services . Laboratory diagnostic and consulting services revenues are recognized and invoiced when the laboratory diagnostic service is performed. Instruments, Software and Systems . CAG Diagnostics capital instruments, veterinary software, and diagnostic imaging systems revenues are recognized and invoiced when the customer obtains control of the products based on legal title transfer and we have the right to payment, which generally occurs at the time of installation and customer acceptance. Our instruments, software, and systems are often included in one of our significant customer programs, as further described below. For veterinary software systems that include multiple performance obligations, such as perpetual software licenses and computer hardware, we allocate revenue to each performance obligation based on estimates of the price that we would charge the customer for each promised product or service if it were sold on a standalone basis. Lease Revenue . Revenues from instrument rental agreements and reagent rental programs are recognized either as operating leases on a ratable basis over the term of the agreement or as sales-type leases at the time of installation and customer acceptance. Customers typically pay for the right to use instruments under rental agreements in equal monthly amounts over the term of the rental agreement. Our reagent rental programs provide our customers the right to use our instruments upon entering into multi-year agreements to purchase annual minimum amounts of consumables. These types of agreements include an embedded lease for the right to use our instruments. For some agreements, the customers are provided with the right to purchase the instrument at the end of the lease term. Lease revenues from these agreements are presented in product revenue on our consolidated income statement. Lease revenue was approximately $20.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2022, as compared to $20.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2021, including both operating leases and sales-type leases under ASC 842, Leases, for leases entered into after January 1, 2019, and ASC 840, Leases, for leases entered into prior to 2019. Refer to below for revenue recognition under our reagent rental programs. Extended Warranties and Post-Contract Support . CAG Diagnostics capital instruments and diagnostic imaging systems extended warranties typically provide customers with continued coverage for a period of one five years Veterinary software post-contract support provides customers with access to technical support when and as needed through access to call centers and online customer assistance. Post-contract support contracts typically have a term of 12 months and customers are billed for post-contract support in equal quarterly amounts over the term. We recognize revenue for post-contract support services over time on a ratable basis using a time-elapsed measure of performance over the contract term, which approximates the expected timing in which applicable services are performed. On December 31, 2021, our deferred revenue related to extended warranties and post-contract support was $30.0 million, of which approximately $21.3 million was recognized during the year ended December 31, 2022. Furthermore, as a result of new agreements, our deferred revenue related to extended warranties and post-contract support was $26.4 million at December 31, 2022. We do not disclose information about remaining performance obligations that are part of contracts with an original expected duration of one year or less, and do not adjust for the effect of the financing components when the period between customer payment and revenue recognition is one year or less. Deferred revenue related to extended warranties and post-contract support with an original duration of more than one year was $11.3 million at December 31, 2022, of which approximately 44%, 31%, 14%, 6%, and 5% are expected to be recognized during 2023, 2024, 2025, 2026, and thereafter, respectively. We have determined these agreements do not include a significant financing component. SaaS Subscriptions . We offer a variety of veterinary software and diagnostic imaging SaaS subscriptions including ezyVet, Animana, Neo, Cornerstone Cloud, Pet Health Network Pro, Petly Plans, Web PACS, rVetLink, and SmartFlow. We recognize revenue for our SaaS subscriptions over time on a ratable basis over the contract term, beginning on the date our service is made available to the customer. Our subscription contracts vary in term from monthly to two years. Customers typically pay for our subscription contracts in equal monthly amounts over the term of the agreement. Deferred revenue related to our SaaS subscriptions is not material. Contracts with Multiple Performance Obligations . We enter into contracts with multiple performance obligations where customers purchase a combination of IDEXX products and services. Determining whether products and services are considered distinct performance obligations that should be accounted for separately requires significant judgment. We determine the transaction price for a contract based on the total consideration we expect to receive in exchange for the transferred goods or services. To the extent the transaction price includes variable consideration, such as volume rebates or expected price adjustments, we apply judgment in constraining the estimated variable consideration due to factors that may cause reversal of revenue recognized. We evaluate constraints based on our historical and projected experience with similar customer contracts. We allocate revenue to each performance obligation in proportion to the relative standalone selling prices, and recognize revenue when transfer of the related goods or services has occurred for each obligation. We utilize the observable standalone selling price when available, which represents the price charged for the promised product or service when sold separately. When standalone selling prices for our products or services are not directly observable, we determine the standalone selling prices using relevant information available and apply suitable estimation methods including, but not limited to, the cost plus a margin approach. We recognize revenue as each performance obligation is satisfied, either at a point in time or over time, as described in the revenue categories above. We do not disclose information about remaining performance obligations that are part of contracts with an original expected duration of one year or less. The following customer programs represent our most significant customer contracts which contain multiple performance obligations: Customer Commitment Programs . We offer customer incentives upon entering into multi-year agreements to purchase annual minimum amounts of products and services. Up-Front Customer Loyalty Programs . Our up-front loyalty programs provide customers with incentives in the form of cash payments or IDEXX Points upon entering into multi-year agreements to purchase annual minimum amounts of future products or services. If a customer breaches their agreement, they are required to refund all or a portion of the up-front cash or IDEXX Points, or make other repayments, remedial actions, or both. Up-front incentives to customers in the form of cash or IDEXX Points are not made in exchange for distinct goods or services and are capitalized as customer acquisition costs within other current and long-term assets, which are subsequently recognized as a reduction to revenue over the term of the customer agreement. If these up-front incentives are subsequently utilized to purchase instruments, we allocate total consideration, including future committed purchases less up-front incentives and estimates of expected price adjustments, based on relative standalone selling prices to identified performance obligations, and recognize instrument revenue and cost at the time of installation and customer acceptance. To the extent invoiced instrument revenue exceeds recognized instrument revenue, we record deferred revenue as a contract liability, which is subsequently recognized upon the purchase of products and services over the term of the contract. We have determined these agreements do not include a significant financing component. On December 31, 2021, our capitalized customer acquisition costs were $158.3 million, of which approximately $48.9 million was recognized as a reduction of revenue during the year ended December 31, 2022. Furthermore, as a result of new up-front customer loyalty payments, net of subsequent recognition, our capitalized customer acquisition costs were $158.0 million at December 31, 2022. We monitor customer purchases over the term of their agreement to assess the realizability of our capitalized customer acquisition costs and review estimates of variable consideration. Impairments and revenue adjustments that relate to performance obligations satisfied in prior periods, including cumulative catch-up adjustments to revenue arising from contract modifications, during the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, were not material. Volume Commitment Programs . Our volume commitment programs, such as our IDEXX 360 program, provide customers with free or discounted instruments or systems upon entering into multi-year agreements to purchase annual minimum amounts of products and services. We allocate total consideration, including future committed purchases and expected price adjustments, based on relative standalone selling prices to identified performance obligations and recognize instrument revenue and cost at the time of installation and customer acceptance in advance of billing the customer, which is also when the customer obtains control of the instrument based on legal title transfer. Our right to future consideration related to instrument revenue is recorded as a contract asset within other current and long-term assets. The contract asset is transferred to accounts receivable when customers are billed for products and services over the term of the contract. We have determined these agreements do not include a significant financing component. On December 31, 2021, our volume commitment contract assets were $159.9 million, of which approximately $38.0 million was reclassified to accounts receivable when customers were billed for related products and services during the year ended December 31, 2022. Furthermore, as a result of new placements under volume commitment programs, net of subsequent amounts reclassified to accounts receivable, and allowances established for credit losses, our volume commitment contract assets were $190.8 million at December 31, 2022. We monitor customer purchases over the term of their agreement to assess the realizability of our contract assets and review estimates of variable consideration. Impairments and revenue adjustments that relate to performance obligations satisfied in prior periods, including cumulative catch-up adjustments to revenue arising from contract modifications, during the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, were not material. For our up-front customer loyalty and volume commitment programs, we estimate future revenues related to multi-year agreements to be approximately $3.2 billion, of which approximately 28%, 25%, 20%, 15%, and 12% are expected to be recognized during 2023, 2024, 2025, 2026, and thereafter, respectively. These future revenues relate to performance obligations not yet satisfied, for which customers have committed to future purchases, net of the expected revenue reductions from customer acquisition costs and expected price adjustments, and as a result, are lower than stated contractual commitments by our customers. Instrument Rebate Programs . Our instrument rebate programs require an instrument purchase and provide customers the opportunity to earn future rebates based on the volume of products and services they purchase over the term of the program. We account for the customer’s right to earn rebates on future purchases as a separate performance obligation and determine the standalone selling price based on an estimate of rebates the customer will earn over the term of the program. Total consideration allocated to identified performance obligations is limited to goods and services that the customer is presently obligated to purchase and does not include estimates of future purchases that are optional. We allocate total consideration to identified performance obligations, including the customer’s right to earn rebates on future purchases, which is deferred and subsequently recognized upon the purchase of products and services, partly offsetting rebates as they are earned. On December 31, 2021, our deferred revenue related to instrument rebate programs was $33.0 million, of which approximately $12.0 million was recognized when customers purchased eligible products and services and earned rebates during the year ended December 31, 2022. Furthermore, as a result of new instrument purchases under rebate programs, net of subsequent recognition, our deferred revenue was $25.6 million at December 31, 2022, of which approximately 36%, 25%, 17%, 13%, and 9% are expected to be recognized during 2023, 2024, 2025, 2026, and thereafter, respectively. Reagent Rental Programs . Our reagent rental programs provide our customers the right to use our instruments upon entering into multi-year agreements to purchase annual minimum amounts of consumables. These types of agreements include an embedded lease for the right to use our instrument and we determine the amount of lease revenue allocated to the instrument based on relative standalone selling prices. We evaluate the terms of these embedded leases to determine classification as either a sales-type lease or an operating lease. Sales-type Reagent Rental Programs . Our reagent rental programs that effectively transfer control of instruments to our customers are classified as sales-type leases and we recognize instrument revenue and cost in advance of billing the customer, at the time of installation and customer acceptance. Our right to future consideration related to instrument revenue is recorded as a lease receivable within other current and long-term assets, and is transferred to accounts receivable when customers are billed for products and services over the term of the contract. On December 31, 2021, our lease receivable assets were $15.3 million, of which approximately $3.4 million was reclassified to accounts receivable when customers were billed for related products and services during the year ended December 31, 2022. Furthermore, as a result of new placements under sales-type reagent rental programs, net of subsequent amounts reclassified to accounts receivable, and allowances established for credit losses, our lease receivable assets were $18.4 million at December 31, 2022. The impacts of discounting and unearned income at December 31, 2022, were not material. Profit and loss recognized at the commencement date and interest income during the year ended December 31, 2022 were not material. We monitor customer purchases over the term of their agreement to assess the realizability of our lease receivable assets. Impairments during the year ended December 31, 2022 were not material. Operating-type Reagent Rental Programs . Our reagent rental programs that do not effectively transfer control of instruments to our customers are classified as operating leases and we recognize instrument revenue and costs ratably over the term of the agreement. The cost of the instrument is capitalized within property and equipment. We estimate future revenue to be recognized related to our reagent rental programs of approximately $42.8 million, of which approximately 30%, 25%, 20%, 13%, and 12% are expected to be recognized during 2023, 2024, 2025, 2026, and thereafter, respectively. These future revenues relate to performance obligations not yet satisfied for which customers have committed to future purchases, net of expected price adjustments, and as a result, may be lower than stated contractual commitments by our customers. Other Customer Incentive Programs . Certain agreements with customers include discounts or rebates on the sale of products and services applied retrospectively, such as volume rebates achieved by purchasing a specified purchase threshold of goods and services. We account for these discounts as variable consideration and estimate the likelihood of a customer meeting the threshold in order to determine the transaction price using the most predictive approach. We typically use the most-likely-amount method for incentives that are offered to individual customers, and the expected-value method for programs that are offered to a broad group of customers. Revenue adjustments that relate to performance obligations satisfied in prior periods, including cumulative catch-up adjustments to revenue arising from contract modifications, during the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, were not material. Refund obligations related to customer incentive programs are recorded in accrued liabilities for the actual issuance of incentives, incentives earned but not yet issued, and estimates of incentives to be earned in the future. Program Combinations . At times, we combine elements of our significant customer programs within a single customer contract. We separate each significant program element and include the contract assets, customer acquisition costs, deferred revenues, and estimated future revenues within the most relevant program disclosures above. Each customer contract is presented as a net contract asset or net contract liability on our consolidated balance sheet. IDEXX Points . IDEXX Points may be applied to trade receivables due to us, converted to cash, or applied against the purchase price of IDEXX products and services. We consider IDEXX Points equivalent to cash. IDEXX Points that have not yet been used by customers are included in accrued liabilities until utilized or expired. Breakage is not material because customers can apply IDEXX Points to trade receivables at any time. Accounts Receivable . We recognize revenue when it is probable that we will collect substantially all of the consideration to which we will be entitled, based on the customer’s intent and ability to pay the promised consideration. We apply judgment in determining the customer’s ability and intention to pay, which is based on a variety of factors including the customer’s historical payment experience or, in the case of a new customer, published credit and financial information pertaining to the customer. We have no significant customers that accounted for greater than 10% of our consolidated revenues and we have no concentration of credit risk as of December 31, 2022. Disaggregated Revenues . We present disaggregated revenue for our CAG segment based on major product and service categories. Our Water segment is comprised of a single major product category. Although our LPD segment does not meet the quantitative requirements to be reported as a separate segment, we believe it is important to disaggregate these revenues as a major product and service category separately from our Other reportable segment given its distinct markets, and therefore we have elected to report LPD as a reportable segment. The following table presents disaggregated revenue by major product and service categories: (in thousands) For the Years Ended December 31, 2022 2021 2020 CAG segment revenue: CAG Diagnostics recurring revenue: $ 2,660,280 $ 2,534,562 $ 2,113,839 IDEXX VetLab consumables 1,057,236 1,006,781 824,376 Rapid assay products 313,667 296,852 253,018 Reference laboratory diagnostic and consulting services 1,178,113 1,123,656 946,268 CAG Diagnostics services and accessories 111,264 107,273 90,177 CAG Diagnostics capital - instruments 147,326 149,140 108,950 Veterinary software, services and diagnostic imaging systems 251,187 206,258 162,976 CAG segment revenue 3,058,793 2,889,960 2,385,765 Water segment revenue 155,720 146,505 128,625 LPD segment revenue 122,607 135,887 145,845 Other segment revenue 30,204 43,008 46,420 Total revenue $ 3,367,324 $ 3,215,360 $ 2,706,655 Revenue by principal geographic area, based on customers’ domiciles, was as follows: (in thousands) For the Years Ended December 31, 2022 2021 2020 Americas United States $ 2,182,959 $ 1,995,683 $ 1,691,224 Canada 142,743 139,727 107,398 Latin America & Caribbean 75,035 66,623 51,863 2,400,737 2,202,033 1,850,485 Europe, the Middle East and Africa Germany 137,876 146,762 119,353 United Kingdom 110,400 114,955 90,156 France 84,479 90,836 74,814 Italy 48,192 52,062 42,817 Spain 46,982 48,169 39,265 Switzerland 30,646 31,984 24,850 Netherlands 26,882 29,656 23,461 Other 161,577 167,525 148,049 647,034 681,949 562,765 Asia Pacific Region Australia 96,408 94,414 79,629 Japan 77,661 84,275 74,725 China 49,193 63,166 70,845 Other 96,291 89,523 68,206 319,553 331,378 293,405 Total $ 3,367,324 $ 3,215,360 $ 2,706,655 Costs to Obtain a Contract . We capitalize sales commissions and the related fringe benefits earned by our sales force when considered incremental and recoverable costs of obtaining a contract that includes future performance obligations. Our contracts include performance obligations related to various goods and services, some of which are satisfied at a point in time and others over time. Commission costs related to performance obligations satisfied at a point in time are expensed at the time of sale, which is when revenue is recognized. Commission costs related to long-term service contracts and performance obligations satisfied over time, including extended warranties and SaaS subscriptions, are deferred and recognized on a systematic basis that is consistent with the transfer of the goods or services to which the asset relates. We apply judgment in estimating the amortization period, which ranges from 3 to 7 years, by taking into consideration our customer contract terms, history of renewals, and expected length of customer relationship, as well as the useful life of the underlying technology and products. Amortization expense is included in sales and marketing expenses in the accompanying consolidated statements of income. Deferred commission costs are periodically reviewed for impairment. On December 31, 2021, our deferred commission costs, included within other assets, were $19.5 million, of which approximately $6.5 million of commission expense was recognized during the year ended December 31, 2022. Furthermore, as a result of commissions related to new extended warranties and SaaS subscriptions, net of subsequent recognition, our deferred commission costs were $19.2 million at December 31, 2022. Impairments of deferred commission costs during the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, were not material. |