Shareholders' Equity | Stock-Based Compensation The following table summarizes the stock-based compensation expense that was recognized in the Company’s statements of operations and comprehensive loss for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017: Year ended December 31 2018 2017 Cost of sales $ 11,000 $ 52,000 Selling 102,000 75,000 Marketing 71,000 51,000 General and administrative 226,000 209,000 $ 410,000 $ 387,000 The Company uses the Black-Scholes option pricing model to estimate fair value of stock-based awards with the following weighted average assumptions: 2018 2017 Stock Options: Expected life (years) 6.5 2.0 Expected volatility 51 % 46 % Dividend yield 0 % 0 % Risk-free interest rate 2.8 % 1.0 % 2018 2017 Stock Purchase Plan Options: Expected life (years) 1.0 1.0 Expected volatility 66 % 51 % Dividend yield 0 % 0 % Risk-free interest rate 1.8 % 0.9 % The Company uses the graded attribution method to recognize expense for unvested stock-based awards. The amount of stock-based compensation recognized during a period is based on the value of the awards that are ultimately expected to vest. Forfeitures are estimated at the time of grant and revised, if necessary, in subsequent periods if actual forfeitures differ from those estimates. The Company re-evaluates the forfeiture rate annually and adjusts it as necessary. Stock Options, Restricted Stock, Restricted Stock Units, and Other Stock-Based Compensation Awards Under the terms of the 2018 Plan, the number of shares of our common stock that may be the subject of awards and issued under the 2018 Plan was initially 900,000 plus any shares remaining available for future grants under the 2013 Plan on the effective date of the 2018 Plan. Since August 2018, all equity awards have been made under the 2018 Plan. Under the terms of the 2018 Plan, the Company may grant awards in a variety of instruments including stock options, restricted stock and restricted stock units to employees, consultants and directors generally at an exercise price at or above 100% of fair market value at the close of business on the date of grant. Stock options expire 10 years after the date of grant and generally vest over three years. The Company issues new shares of common stock upon grant of restricted stock, when stock options are exercised, and when restricted stock units are vested and/or settled. On November 28, 2016, our Board of Directors amended the 2003 Plan and the 2013 Plan to permit equitable adjustments to outstanding awards in the event of an extraordinary cash dividend. On March 28, 2017, the Board of Directors approved the modification of all outstanding stock option awards to provide option holders with substantially equivalent economic value after the effect of the dividend. The modification resulted in the issuance of options to purchase 150,476 additional shares. Total stock-based compensation expense for the modifications was approximately $79,000, which was recorded during the 12 months ended December 31, 2017. The following table summarizes activity under the 2003, 2013 and 2018 Plans: Plan Shares Available for Grant Plan Options Outstanding Weighted Average Exercise Price Per Share Aggregate Intrinsic Value Balance at January 1, 2017 501,622 419,162 $ 3.18 Shares reserved — — Options granted for modification (61,814 ) 150,474 Stock awards granted (72,115 ) — Restricted stock units and awards granted (203,424 ) — Stock options granted — — Stock options exercised — — Cancelled or forfeited - 2013 Plan options 103,349 (103,349 ) 2.20 Cancelled or forfeited - 2013 Plan restricted stock and restricted stock units 29,382 — 2.01 Cancelled or forfeited - 2003 Plan options — (99,941 ) 2.20 Balance at December 31, 2017 297,000 366,346 2.41 Shares reserved 900,000 — Restricted stock units and awards granted - 2013 Plan (178,000 ) — Restricted stock units and awards granted - 2018 Plan (165,667 ) — Stock options granted - 2018 Plan (119,515 ) 119,515 1.95 Stock options exercised — (2,276 ) 1.18 $ 705 Cancelled or forfeited - 2013 Plan options 51,230 (51,230 ) 2.17 Cancelled or forfeited - 2013 Plan restricted stock and restricted stock units 39,884 — 1.22 Cancelled or forfeited - 2003 Plan options — (59,428 ) 2.09 Balance at December 31, 2018 824,932 372,927 2.36 The number of options exercisable under the Plans was: December 31, 2018 253,412 December 31, 2017 366,346 The following table summarizes information about the stock options outstanding at December 31, 2018: Options Outstanding Options Exercisable Ranges of Exercise Prices Number Outstanding Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Life Weighted Average Exercise Price Per Share Number Exercisable Weighted Average Exercise Price Per Share $ 1.18 - $2.04 179,620 7.73 years $ 1.77 60,105 $ 1.4 $ 2.05 - $3.09 144,125 3.43 years 2.52 144,125 2.52 $ 4.02 49,182 1.4 years 4.02 49,182 4.02 372,927 5.23 years $ 2.36 253,412 $ 2.55 Options outstanding under the Plans expire at various dates during the period from May 2019 through August 2028. Options outstanding at December 31, 2018 had an aggregate intrinsic value of $12,779. Options exercisable at December 31, 2018 had a weighted average remaining life of 3.15 years and an aggregate intrinsic value of $12,779. The weighted average grant-date fair value of options granted during the year ended December 31, 2018 was $1.04. No options were granted in 2017. During the year ended December 31, 2018, the Company issued 297,515 restricted stock units under the 2013 Plan and the 2018 Plan. The shares underlying the awards were assigned a weighted average value of $1.84 per share, which was the closing price of our common stock on the date of grants. These awards are scheduled to vest over three years or four years with the first vesting at the end of year two. During the year ended December 31, 2017, the Company issued 143,424 restricted stock units under the 2013 Plan. The shares underlying the awards made in 2017 were assigned weighted average values of $1.13 per share based on the closing price of our common stock on the applicable dates of grant and are scheduled to vest over two years. During the year ended December 31, 2018, no restricted stock was issued. During the year ended December 31, 2017, the Company issued 60,000 shares of restricted stock under the 2013 Plan. The shares underlying the awards were assigned a value of $1.09 per share, which was the closing price of our common stock on the date of grant and are scheduled to vest over the two years. During July 2018, non-employee members of the Board of Directors received restricted stock grants totaling 46,152 shares pursuant to the 2018 Plan. The shares underlying the awards were assigned a value of $1.95 per share, which was the closing price of our common stock on the date of grants, for a total value of $90,000, and are scheduled to vest the day immediately preceding the date of the next annual shareholder meeting. During June 2017, non-employee members of the Board of Directors received grants totaling 72,115 fully vested shares of common stock pursuant to the 2013 Plan. The shares were assigned a value of $1.04 per share, based on the closing price on the grant date, for a total value of $75,000, which is included in stock-based compensation expense for the year ended December 31, 2018. Restricted stock and restricted stock unit transactions during the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017 are summarized as follows: Number of Shares Weighted average grant date fair value Unvested shares at January 1, 2017 204,875 $ 2.16 Granted 203,424 1.12 Vested (56,438 ) 1.05 Forfeited or surrendered (29,382 ) 2.01 Unvested shares at December 31, 2017 322,479 $ 1.69 Granted 343,667 1.86 Vested (132,940 ) 1.47 Forfeited or surrendered (39,884 ) 1.22 Unvested shares at December 31, 2018 493,322 $ 1.90 As of December 31, 2018, there was approximately $107,000 of total unrecognized compensation costs related to outstanding stock options, which is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of 3.61 years. As of December 31, 2018, there was approximately $549,000 of total unrecognized compensation costs related to restricted stock and restricted stock units, which is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of 1.89 years. Employee Stock Purchase Plan. Share Repurchase Programs. For the year ended December 31, 2018, the Company repurchased approximately 164,000 shares at a total cost of approximately $298,000. Dividends. |