SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES | SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES Consolidation Policy The consolidated financial statements of the Company include the accounts of its wholly-owned subsidiaries in the Americas; Europe, the Middle East and Africa (“EMEA”); and Asia-Pacific and Japan ("APJ"). All significant transactions and balances between the Company and its subsidiaries have been eliminated in consolidation. Recent Accounting Pronouncements Revenue Recognition In May 2014, the Financial Accounting Standards Board issued an accounting standard update ("ASC 606") on revenue recognition. The new guidance creates a single, principle-based model for revenue recognition that expands and improves disclosures about revenue. On January 1, 2018, the Company adopted the accounting standard update for revenue from contracts with customers on a modified retrospective basis, applying the practical expedient to all contracts that the Company had not completed as of January 1, 2018. The Company elected the modified retrospective method of adoption; and consequently, results for reporting periods beginning after January 1, 2018 are presented under the new revenue standard, while prior period amounts are not adjusted and continue to be reported under the revenue accounting literature in effect during those periods. The Company recorded a net increase to retained earnings of $130.7 million as of January 1, 2018 as a result of the transition, with the impact primarily related to the cumulative effect of a decrease in deferred revenue from the upfront recognition of term licenses and the general requirement to allocate the transaction price on a relative stand-alone selling price of $99.9 million , and an increase in contract assets of $7.3 million , the cumulative effect of a decrease in commission expense of $66.4 million , partially offset by an increase from the cumulative effect of the impact on deferred income taxes of $42.9 million . The impact of adoption of ASC 606 to the Company’s consolidated statements of income and balance sheets are as follows: Year Ended December 31, 2018 As Reported Balances without adoption of ASC 606 Effect of Change Higher/(Lower) (in thousands, except per share amounts) Total net revenues $ 2,973,903 $ 2,966,848 $ 7,055 Total cost of net revenues 433,803 431,974 1,829 Gross profit 2,540,100 2,534,874 5,226 Total operating expenses 1,862,140 1,890,692 (28,552 ) Income from operations 677,960 644,182 33,778 Net income $ 575,667 $ 548,430 $ 27,237 Basic earnings per share $ 4.23 $ 4.03 $ 0.20 Diluted earnings per share $ 3.94 $ 3.76 $ 0.18 As of December 31, 2018 As Reported Balances without adoption of ASC 606 Effect of Change Higher/(Lower) (in thousands) Prepaid expenses and other current assets (1) $ 174,195 $ 147,554 $ 26,641 Other assets (2) 124,578 52,732 71,846 Deferred tax assets, net 136,998 169,064 (32,066 ) Total assets $ 5,136,049 $ 5,069,628 $ 66,421 Other liabilities (3) 148,499 135,430 13,069 Current portion of deferred revenues 1,345,243 1,413,839 (68,596 ) Long-term portion of deferred revenues 489,329 526,763 (37,434 ) Total liabilities $ 4,576,420 $ 4,669,381 $ (92,961 ) Stockholders' Equity: Retained earnings $ 4,169,019 $ 4,009,637 $ 159,382 (1) As reported primarily includes contract acquisition costs of $41.0 million . The balance without adoption of ASC 606 includes contract acquisition costs of $14.2 million . (2) As reported primarily includes contract acquisition costs of $68.2 million . (3) As reported includes deferred tax liabilities of $54.7 million . The balance without adoption of ASC 606 includes deferred tax liabilities of $56.6 million . Adoption of the standard had no impact to cash from or used in operating, financing, or investing activities on the Company’s consolidated cash flows statements. Accounting for Business Combinations In January 2017, the Financial Accounting Standards Board issued an accounting standard update on the accounting for business combinations by clarifying the definition of a business with the objective of adding guidance to assist entities with evaluating whether transactions should be accounted for as acquisitions or disposals of assets or businesses. The Company adopted the standard effective January 1, 2018. The adoption of this standard had no impact on the Company's consolidated financial position, results of operations and cash flows. Accounting for Income Taxes In October 2016, the Financial Accounting Standards Board issued an accounting standard update on the accounting for income taxes, which requires entities to recognize the income tax consequences of an intra-entity transfer of an asset other than inventory when the transaction occurs as opposed to deferring tax consequences and amortizing them into future periods. A modified retrospective approach with a cumulative-effect adjustment directly to retained earnings at the beginning of the period of adoption is required. The Company adopted the standard effective January 1, 2018. The adoption of this standard did not have a material impact on the Company's consolidated financial position, results of operations and cash flows. Accounting for Investments In January 2016, the Financial Accounting Standards Board issued an accounting standard update for the recognition and measurement of financial assets and liabilities. Under the standard, equity investments that do not have readily determinable fair values and do not qualify for the net asset value practical expedient are eligible for the measurement alternative. For the Company’s equity investments in private equity securities, which do not have readily determinable fair values, the Company has elected the measurement alternative defined as cost, less impairment, plus or minus adjustments resulting from observable price changes in orderly transactions for the identical or a similar investment of the same issuer. For certain of the Company’s equity investments in private equity funds, the Company has elected to use the net asset value practical expedient. The guidance of this accounting standard update was adopted effective January 1, 2018. The impact of adopting the accounting standard update was not material to the consolidated financial statements. In February 2018, the Financial Accounting Standards Board issued an accounting standard update that clarified and amended some of the updates made in the January 2016 update to the recognition and measurement of financial assets and liabilities. The Company has elected to early adopt this accounting standard update effective January 1, 2018. The impact of adopting the accounting standard update was not material to the consolidated financial statements. Leases In February 2016, the Financial Accounting Standards Board issued an accounting standard update on the accounting for leases. The new guidance requires that lessees in a leasing arrangement recognize a right-of-use asset and a lease liability for most leases (other than leases that meet the definition of a short-term lease). The liability will be equal to the present value of lease payments. The asset will be based on the liability, subject to adjustment, such as for initial direct costs. The new guidance is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2018. Under the original guidance, the modified retrospective method of adoption was mandatory, and would have required application of the standard at the beginning of the earliest comparative period presented. However, in July 2018, the Financial Accounting Standards Board issued an update which permits entities to adopt the standard using another transition method. Under this optional transition method, the Company would recognize a cumulative-effect adjustment to the opening balance of retained earnings in the period of adoption. The Company adopted this standard effective January 1, 2019, using the optional transition method. The Company has concluded an assessment of its systems, data and processes related to the implementation of this accounting standard and has substantially completed its information technology system design and solution development. Adoption of the standard is expected to result in the recognition of additional right-of-use assets and lease liabilities for operating leases (net of previously recorded lease losses related to the consolidated leased facilities) in the range of $200.0 million to $250.0 million . The Company does not expect a material impact to its results of operations. Accounting for Cloud Computing Costs In August 2018, the Financial Accounting Standards Board issued an accounting standard update on the accounting for implementation costs incurred by customers in cloud computing arrangements that are service contracts. The new guidance aligns the requirements for capitalizing implementation costs incurred in a hosting arrangement that is a service contract with the requirements for capitalizing implementation costs incurred to develop or obtain internal-use software. The new guidance is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2019, and interim periods within those fiscal years, and early adoption is permitted. The standard can be adopted either using the prospective or retrospective transition approach. The Company will early adopt this standard on January 1, 2019 and does not expect a material impact from adoption on its consolidated financial position and results of operations. Fair Value Measurements In August 2018, the Financial Accounting Standards Board issued an accounting standard update on fair value measurements. The new guidance modifies the disclosure requirements on fair value measurements by removing certain disclosure requirements related to the fair value hierarchy, modifying existing disclosure requirements related to measurement uncertainty, and adding new disclosure requirements. The new guidance is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2019, and interim periods within those fiscal years, and early adoption is permitted. The adoption of this standard is not expected to have a material impact on the Company's consolidated financial position, results of operations and cash flows. Reclassifications Certain reclassifications of the prior years' amounts have been made to conform to the current year's presentation. Beginning in the first quarter of fiscal year 2018, the Company revised its presentation of revenue to align with its transition to a subscription business model as follows: (1) subscription revenue, which includes revenue from the Company's cloud services offerings and on-premise subscriptions as well as revenue from its Citrix Service Provider ("CSP") offerings; (2) product and license revenue from perpetual product and license offerings; and (3) support and services revenue for perpetual product and license offerings. This change in manner of presentation did not affect the Company's total net revenues, total cost of net revenues or gross margin. Conforming changes have been made for all periods presented, as follows (in thousands): Year Ended December 31, 2017 As Previously Reported Amount Reclassified As Reported Revenues: Revenues: Software as a service $ 175,762 $ 138,973 Subscription $ 314,735 Product and licenses (1) 857,253 (90,476 ) Product and license 766,777 License updates and maintenance (2) 1,659,936 83,238 Support and services (3) 1,743,174 Professional services 131,735 (131,735 ) Total net revenues $ 2,824,686 $ — Total net revenues $ 2,824,686 Year Ended December 31, 2016 As Previously Reported Amount Reclassified As Reported Revenues: Revenues: Software as a service $ 134,682 $ 110,924 Subscription $ 245,606 Product and licenses (1) 882,898 (71,923 ) Product and license 810,975 License updates and maintenance (2) 1,587,271 92,228 Support and services (3) 1,679,499 Professional services 131,229 (131,229 ) Total net revenues $ 2,736,080 $ — Total net revenues $ 2,736,080 (1) Product and licenses as previously reported included revenue from CSPs and on-premise subscriptions that are now included in Subscription. Current period presentation only includes revenues from perpetual offerings and hardware. (2) License updates and maintenance as previously reported included revenue from CSPs and on-premise license updates and maintenance that are now included in Subscription. (3) Support and services includes revenues from license updates and maintenance from perpetual offerings as well as professional services. Use of Estimates The preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes. Significant estimates made by management include the standalone selling price related to revenue recognition, the provision for doubtful accounts receivable, the provision to reduce obsolete or excess inventory to market, the provision for estimated returns, as well as sales allowances, the assumptions used in the valuation of stock-based awards, the assumptions used in the discounted cash flows to mark certain of its investments to market, the valuation of the Company’s goodwill, net realizable value of product related and other intangible assets, the provision for lease losses, the provision for income taxes, valuation allowance for deferred tax assets, uncertain tax positions, and the amortization and depreciation periods for contract acquisition costs, intangible and long-lived assets. While the Company believes that such estimates are fair when considered in conjunction with the consolidated financial position and results of operations taken as a whole, the actual amounts of such items, when known, will vary from these estimates. Cash and Cash Equivalents Cash and cash equivalents at December 31, 2018 and 2017 include marketable securities, which are primarily money market funds, commercial paper, agency, and government securities, municipal securities and corporate securities with initial or remaining contractual maturities when purchased of three months or less. Available-for-sale Investments Short-term and long-term available for sale investments at December 31, 2018 and 2017 primarily consist of agency securities, corporate securities, municipal securities and government securities. Investments classified as available-for-sale are stated at fair value with unrealized gains and losses, net of taxes, reported in Accumulated other comprehensive loss. The Company classifies its available-for-sale investments as current and non-current based on their actual remaining time to maturity. The Company does not recognize changes in the fair value of its available-for-sale investments in income unless a decline in value is considered other-than-temporary in accordance with the authoritative guidance. The Company’s investment policy is designed to limit exposure to any one issuer depending on credit quality. The Company uses information provided by third parties to adjust the carrying value of certain of its investments to fair value at the end of each period. Fair values are based on a variety of inputs and may include interest rates, known historical trades, yield curve information, benchmark data, prepayment speeds, credit quality and broker/dealer quotes. See Note 5 for investment information. Accounts Receivable The Company’s accounts receivable are attributable primarily to direct sales to end customers via the Web and through value-added resellers, or VARs known as Citrix Solution Advisors, value-added distributors, or VADs, systems integrators, or SIs, independent software vendors, or ISVs, original equipment manufacturers, or OEMs and Citrix Service Providers, or CSPs. Collateral is generally not required. The Company also maintains allowances for doubtful accounts for estimated losses resulting from the inability of the Company’s customers to make payments which includes both general and specific reserves. The Company periodically reviews these estimated allowances by conducting an analysis of the customer's payment history and credit worthiness, the age of the trade receivable balances and current economic conditions that may affect a customer’s ability to make payments. Based on this review, the Company specifically reserves for those accounts deemed uncollectible. When receivables are determined to be uncollectible, principal amounts of such receivables outstanding are deducted from the allowance. The allowance for doubtful accounts was $3.6 million and $3.4 million as of December 31, 2018 and 2017 , respectively. If the financial condition of a significant customer were to deteriorate, the Company’s operating results could be adversely affected. As of December 31, 2018 , one distributor, the Arrow Group, accounted for 17% of gross accounts receivable. At December 31, 2017 , one distributor, the Arrow Group, accounted for 14% of gross accounts receivable. Inventory Inventories are stated at the lower of cost or net realizable value on a standard cost basis, which approximates actual cost. The Company’s inventories primarily consist of finished goods as of December 31, 2018 and 2017 . Contract acquisition costs In conjunction with the adoption of the new revenue recognition standard, the Company is required to capitalize certain contract acquisition costs consisting primarily of commissions paid and related payroll taxes when contracts are signed. The asset recognized from capitalized incremental and recoverable acquisition costs is amortized on a basis consistent with the pattern of transfer of the products or services to which the asset relates and is recognized in Prepaid expenses and other current assets and Other assets in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets. The Company’s typical contracts include performance obligations related to product and licenses and support. In these contracts, incremental costs of obtaining a contract are allocated to the performance obligations based on the relative estimated standalone selling prices and then recognized on a basis that is consistent with the transfer of the goods or services to which the asset relates. The commissions paid on annual renewals of support for product and licenses are not commensurate with the initial commission. The costs allocated to product and licenses are expensed at the time of sale, when revenue for the product and functional software licenses is recognized. The costs allocated to customer support for product and licenses are amortized ratably over a period of the greater of the contract term or the average customer life, the expected period of benefit of the asset capitalized. The Company currently estimates an average customer life of two to five years, which it believes is appropriate based on consideration of the historical average customer life and the estimated useful life of the underlying product and license sold as part of the transaction. Amortization of contract acquisition costs related to support are limited to the contractual period of the arrangement as the Company intends to pay a commensurate commission upon renewal of the related support. For contracts that contain multi-year services or subscriptions, the amortization period of the capitalized costs is the expected period of benefit, which is the greater of the contractual term or the expected customer life. The Company elects to apply a practical expedient to expense contract acquisition costs as incurred where the expected period of benefit is one year or less. For the year ended on December 31, 2018, the Company recorded amortization costs of $38.1 million in relation to costs capitalized during the year, which are recorded in Sales, Marketing and Services expense in the accompanying consolidated statements of income. There was no impairment loss in relation to costs capitalized during the year ended on December 31, 2018. Derivatives and Hedging Activities In accordance with the authoritative guidance, the Company records derivatives at fair value as either assets or liabilities on the balance sheet. For derivatives that are designated as and qualify as effective cash flow hedges, the portion of gain or loss on the derivative instrument effective at offsetting changes in the hedged item is reported as a component of Accumulated other comprehensive loss and reclassified into earnings as operating expense, net, when the hedged transaction affects earnings. Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments are adjusted to fair value through earnings as Other (expense) income, net , in the period during which changes in fair value occur. The application of the authoritative guidance could impact the volatility of earnings. The Company formally documents all relationships between hedging instruments and hedged items, as well as its risk-management objective and strategy for undertaking various hedge transactions. This process includes attributing all derivatives that are designated as cash flow hedges to floating rate assets or liabilities or forecasted transactions. The Company also formally assesses, both at the inception of the hedge and on an ongoing basis, whether each derivative is highly effective in offsetting changes in cash flows of the hedged item. Fluctuations in the value of the derivative instruments are generally offset by changes in the hedged item; however, if it is determined that a derivative is not highly effective as a hedge or if a derivative ceases to be a highly effective hedge, the Company will discontinue hedge accounting prospectively for the affected derivative. The Company is exposed to risk of default by its hedging counterparties. Although this risk is concentrated among a limited number of counterparties, the Company’s foreign exchange hedging policy attempts to minimize this risk by placing limits on the amount of exposure that may exist with any single financial institution at a time. Property and Equipment Property and equipment is stated at cost. Depreciation is computed using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets, which is generally three years for computer equipment and software; the lesser of the lease term or ten years for leasehold improvements, which is the estimated useful life; seven years for office equipment and furniture and the Company’s enterprise resource planning systems; and 40 years for buildings. During 2018 and 2017 , the Company retired $13.4 million and $16.9 million , respectively, in property and equipment that were no longer in use. At the time of retirement, the remaining net book value of the assets retired was not material and no material asset retirement obligations were associated with them. Property and equipment consist of the following: December 31, 2018 2017 (In thousands) Buildings $ 76,152 $ 76,152 Computer equipment 189,333 176,140 Software 433,033 388,583 Equipment and furniture 78,401 73,700 Leasehold improvements 182,848 168,656 959,767 883,231 Less: accumulated depreciation and amortization (741,587 ) (675,892 ) Assets under construction 8,447 28,824 Land 16,769 16,769 Total $ 243,396 $ 252,932 Long-Lived Assets The Company reviews for impairment of long-lived assets and certain identifiable intangible assets to be held and used whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of such assets may not be fully recoverable. Determination of recoverability is based on an estimate of undiscounted future cash flows resulting from the use of the asset and its eventual disposition. Measurement of an impairment loss is based on the fair value of the asset compared to its carrying value. Long-lived assets and certain identifiable intangible assets to be disposed of are reported at the lower of carrying amount or fair value less costs to sell. Goodwill The Company accounts for goodwill in accordance with the authoritative guidance, which requires that goodwill and certain intangible assets are not amortized, but are subject to an annual impairment test. During 2018, the Company initiated an effort to streamline and simplify its product branding and packaging, which included naming updates to the portfolio to provide clarity on the Company's offerings and unify its sales motions. The change resulted in the Company consolidating its Content Collaboration product group with Workspace Services and renaming the new product group Digital Workspace. As a result, the Company's two reporting units (Enterprise and Service Provider and Content Collaboration) were combined into one , consistent with how management reviews the operating results of the business. In connection with this change, the Company performed a qualitative goodwill assessment of the reporting units and determined there were no indicators of impairment during the third quarter of 2018. The change in reporting units did not result in a reallocation of goodwill or a change in reportable segments. In addition, there was no impairment of goodwill or indefinite lived intangible assets as a result of the annual impairment analysis completed during the fourth quarters of 2018 and 2017. See Note 4 for more information regarding the Company's acquisitions and Note 12 for more information regarding the Company's segments. The following table presents the change in goodwill during 2018 and 2017 (in thousands): Balance at January 1, 2018 Additions Other Balance at December 31, 2018 Balance at January 1, 2017 Additions Other Balance at December 31, 2017 Goodwill $ 1,614,494 $ 188,176 (1) $ — $ 1,802,670 $ 1,585,893 $ 28,601 (2) $ — $ 1,614,494 (1) Amount relates to preliminary purchase price allocation of goodwill associated with the 2018 business combinations. See Note 4 for more information regarding the Company's acquisitions. (2) Amount relates to the purchase price allocation of goodwill associated with the 2017 business combination. See Note 4 for more information regarding the Company's acquisitions. Intangible Assets The Company has intangible assets which were primarily acquired in conjunction with business combinations and technology purchases. Intangible assets with finite lives are recorded at cost, less accumulated amortization. Amortization is computed over the estimated useful lives of the respective assets, generally three to seven years, except for patents, which are amortized over the lesser of their remaining life or ten years. In-process R&D is initially capitalized at fair value as an intangible asset with an indefinite life and assessed for impairment thereafter. When in-process R&D projects are completed, the corresponding amount is reclassified as an amortizable intangible asset and is amortized over the asset's estimated useful life. Intangible assets consist of the following (in thousands): December 31, 2018 Gross Carrying Amount Accumulated Amortization Weighted-Average Life (Years) Product related intangible assets $ 746,152 $ 601,993 6.06 Other 227,922 204,894 6.40 Total $ 974,074 $ 806,887 6.14 December 31, 2017 Gross Carrying Amount Accumulated Amortization Weighted-Average Life (Years) Product related intangible assets $ 663,004 $ 554,934 6.10 Other 222,923 189,041 6.49 Total $ 885,927 $ 743,975 6.20 Amortization and impairment of product related intangible assets, which consists primarily of product-related technologies and patents, was $47.1 million and $65.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2018 and 2017 , respectively, and is classified as a component of Cost of net revenues in the accompanying consolidated statements of income. Amortization and impairment of other intangible assets, which consist primarily of customer relationships, trade names and covenants not to compete was $15.9 million and $17.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2018 and 2017 , respectively, and is classified as a component of Operating expenses in the accompanying consolidated statements of income. The Company monitors its intangible assets for indicators of impairment. If the Company determines that impairment has occurred, it writes-down the intangible asset to its fair value. For certain intangible assets where the unamortized balances exceed the undiscounted future net cash flow, the Company measures the amount of the impairment by calculating the amount by which the carrying values exceed the estimated fair values, which are based on projected discounted future net cash flows. During the year ended December 31, 2017 , the Company tested certain intangible assets for recoverability and, as a result, identified certain definite-lived intangible assets, primarily developed technology, that were impaired and recorded non-cash impairment charges of $18.0 million to write down the intangible assets to their estimated fair valu e of $1.6 million . Of the impairment charge, $15.5 million is included in Amortization and impairment of product related intangible assets and $2.5 million is included in Amortization and impairment of other intangible assets in the accompanying consolidated statements of income. These non-recurring fair value measurements were categorized as Level 3, as significant unobservable inputs were used in the valuation analysis. Key assumptions used in the valuation include forecasts of revenue and expenses over an extended period of time, customer retention rates, tax rates, and estimated costs of debt and equity capital to discount the projected cash flows. Certain of these assumptions involve significant judgment, are based on management’s estimate of current and forecasted market conditions and are sensitive and susceptible to change; therefore , further disruptions in the business could potentially result in additional amounts becoming impaired. Estimated future amortization expense of intangible assets with finite lives as of December 31, 2018 is as follows (in thousands): Year ending December 31, 2019 $ 50,981 2020 38,482 2021 24,494 2022 22,644 2023 19,292 Thereafter 11,294 Total $ 167,187 Software Development Costs The authoritative guidance requires certain internal software development costs related to software to be sold to be capitalized upon the establishment of technological feasibility. The Company's software development costs incurred subsequent to achieving technological feasibility have not been significant and substantially all software development costs have been expensed as incurred. Internal Use Software In accordance with the authoritative guidance, the Company capitalizes external direct costs of materials and services and internal costs such as payroll and benefits of those employees directly associated with the development of new functionality in internal use software. The amount of costs capitalized during the years ended 2018 and 2017 relating to internal use software was $14.8 million and $41.5 million , respectively. These costs are being amortized over the estimated useful life of the software, which is generally three to seven years, and are included in property and equipment in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets. The total amounts charged to expense relating to internal use software was approximately $25.9 million , $27.3 million and $37.8 million , during the years ended December 31, 2018 , 2017 and 2016 , respectively. The Company capitalized costs related to internally developed computer software to be sold as a service related to its Digital Workspace offerings, incurred during the application development stage, of $7.3 million and $15.2 million , during the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017 , respectively, and is amortizing these costs over the expected lives of the related services, which is generally two years, and are included in property and equipment in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets. The total amounts charged to expense relating to internally developed computer software to be sold as a service was approximately $14.4 million , $18.5 million and $16.8 million , during the years ended December 31, 2018 , 2017 and 2016 , respectively, which are included in Cost of subscription, support and services. Pension Liability The Company provides retirement benefits to certain employees who are not U.S. based. Generally, benefits under these programs are based on an employee’s length of service and level of compensation. The majority of these programs are commonly referred to as termination indemnities, which provide retirement benefits in accordance with programs mandated by the governments of the countries in which such employees work. The Company had accrued $11.2 million and $13.2 million for these pension liabilities at December 31, 2018 and 2017 , respect |