UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM 10-QSB
(MARK ONE)
[ X ]
QUARTERLY REPORT UNDER SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the quarterly period endedMarch 31, 2007
[ ]
TRANSITION REPORT UNDER SECTION 13 OR A5(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
Commission file number0-23544
HUMAN PHEROMONE SCIENCES, INC.
(Name of small business issuer in its charter)
| | | |
California | | | 94-3107202 |
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) | | | (I.R.S. employee Identification No.) |
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84 West Santa Clara Street, San Jose, California | | | 95113 |
(Address of principal executive offices) | | | (Zip code) |
Issuer’s telephone number: (408) 938-3030
__________________Not applicable___________________
(Former name or former address, if changed since last report)
Check whether the issuer (1) filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Exchange Act during the past 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes [X ] No [ ]
Indicate by a checkmark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes [ ] No [X ]
State the number of shares outstanding of each of the issuer’s classes of common equity, as of the latest practicable date: 4,151,954 shares of Common Stock as of May 10, 2007.
1
HUMAN PHEROMONE SCIENCES, INC.
INDEX
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PART I | | | | | | | | | | | |
FINANCIAL INFORMATION | | | | | | | | | |
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| Item 1.Financial Statements | | | | | | | | |
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| | Balance Sheets as of March 31, 2007 (Unaudited) and December 31, 2006 | 3 |
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| | Statements of Operations (Unaudited) for the Three Months Ended | | | | |
| | March 31, 2007 and 2006 | 4 |
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| | Statements of Cash Flows (Unaudited) for the Three Months Ended | | | | |
| | March 31, 2007 and 2006 | 5 |
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| | Notes to Financial Statements (Unaudited) | 6 |
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| Item 2.Management’s Discussion and Analysis | | | | | | |
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| | Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Conditions and Results of Operations | 12 |
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| Item 3.Controls and Procedures | 16 |
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PART II | | | | | | | | | | | |
OTHER INFORMATION | | | | | | | | | |
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| Item 1.Legal Proceedings | 17 |
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| Item 6.Exhibits | 17 |
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SIGNATURES | 18 |
2
PART I
FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Item 1. Financial Statements
Human Pheromone Sciences, Inc.
Balance Sheets
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| | March 31, | | | December 31, | |
(in thousands except share data) | | 2007 | | | 2006 | |
| | (unaudited) | | | | |
Assets | | | | | | |
Current assets: | | | | | | |
Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 1,859 | | $ | 1,941 | |
Accounts receivable | | 59 | | | 39 | |
Inventories, net | | 54 | | | 75 | |
Other current assets | | 20 | | | 18 | |
Total current assets | | 1,992 | | | 2,073 | |
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Property and equipment, net | | 1 | | | 2 | |
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Total assets | $ | 1,993 | | $ | 2,075 | |
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Liabilities and Shareholders' Equity | | | | | | |
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Current liabilities: | | | | | | |
Accounts payable | $ | 67 | | $ | 30 | |
Deferred revenue | | 736 | | | 846 | |
Accrued professional fees | | 39 | | | 69 | |
Accrued employee benefits | | 32 | | | 32 | |
Accrued income taxes | | 7 | | | 7 | |
Other accrued expenses | | 10 | | | 6 | |
Total current liabilities | | 891 | | | 990 | |
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Non-current liabilities | | | | | | |
Deferred revenue | | 696 | | | 721 | |
Total liabilities | | 1,587 | | | 1,711 | |
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Commitments and Contingencies | | | | | | |
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Shareholders' equity: | | | | | | |
Common stock, no par value, 13,333,333 shares authorized, | | | | | | |
4,151,954 shares issued and outstanding at each date | | 20,883 | | | 20,865 | |
Accumulated deficit | | (20,477) | | | (20,501) | |
Total shareholders' equity | | 406 | | | 364 | |
Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity | $ | 1,993 | | $ | 2,075 | |
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See accompanying notes to financial statements. | | | | | | |
3
Human Pheromone Sciences, Inc.
Statements of Operations
(unaudited)
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| | | Three months ended March 31, |
(in thousands except per share data) | | | 2007 | | | 2006 |
| | | | | | |
Net revenue | | $ | 334 | | $ | 266 |
Cost of goods sold | | 107 | | | 53 |
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Gross profit | | 227 | | | 213 |
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Operating expenses: | | | | | | |
Research and development | | 12 | | | 24 |
Selling, general and administrative | | 208 | | | 260 |
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Total operating expenses | | 220 | | | 284 |
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Income (loss) from operations | | 7 | | | (71) |
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Other income (expense): | | | | | | |
Interest income, net | | 18 | | | 1 |
Total other income | | 18 | | | 1 |
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Net income (loss) before provision for income taxes | | 25 | | | (70) |
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Provision for income taxes | | 1 | | | - |
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Net income (loss) | $ | 24 | | $ | (70) |
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Net income (loss) per common share | | | | | |
Basic | $ | 0 .01 | | $ | (0 .02) |
Diluted | $ | 0 .01 | | $ | (0 .02) |
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Weighted average common shares outstanding | | | | | |
Basic | | 4,152 | | | 4,152 |
Diluted | | 4,782 | | | 4,152 |
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See accompanying notes to financial statements. | | | | | |
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Human Pheromone Sciences, Inc.
Statements of Cash Flows
(unaudited)
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| | Three months ended March 31, |
(in thousands) | | 2007 | | | 2006 |
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Cash flows from operating activities | | | | | |
Net income (loss) | $ | 24 | | $ | (70) |
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Adjustments to reconcile net income (loss) to net cash | | | | | |
used in operating activities: | | | | | |
Depreciation and amortization | | 1 | | | 2 |
Stock option compensation | | 18 | | | 5 |
Changes in operating assets and liabilities: | | | | | |
Accounts receivable | | (20) | | | (123) |
Inventories | | 21 | | | 23 |
Other current assets | | (3) | | | 3 |
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities | | 12 | | | 37 |
Deferred revenue | | (135) | | | - |
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Net cash used in operating activities | | (82) | | | (123) |
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Cash flows used in investing activities | | | | | |
| | - | | | - |
Net cash used in investing activities | | - | | | - |
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Cash flows used in financing activities | | | | | |
| | - | | | - |
Net cash used in financing activities | | - | | | - |
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Net decrease in cash and cash equivalents | | (82) | | | (123) |
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period | | 1,941 | | | 452 |
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period | $ | 1,859 | | $ | 329 |
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See accompanying notes to financial statements. | | | | | |
5
Human Pheromone Sciences, Inc.
Notes to Financial Statements
(unaudited)
March 31, 2007
1. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
Organization and Nature of Operations
The Company, a California corporation, was founded in 1989 as EROX Corporation to develop and market a broad range of consumer products containing human pheromones as a component. On May 29, 1998, the shareholders of the Company voted to change the name of the Company to Human Pheromone Sciences, Inc. Human Pheromone Sciences, Inc. is alternatively referred to in this report as “we,” “us,” “our,” “HPS” or the “Company”.
The Company believes that human pheromone research funded by the Company presents an opportunity to create and market an entirely new category of pheromone-based fragrances and toiletry products, as well as other types of consumer products that do not require FDA approval as a pharmaceutical product. The Company believes that its related patents provide it a proprietary position in developing, licensing and marketing such products.
Basis of Presentation
The accompanying unaudited financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America for interim financial information and with the instructions to Form 10-QSB and Item 310(b) of Regulation S-B. Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and footnotes required by accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America for complete financial statements. In the opinion of management, all adjustments (consisting of normal recurring accruals) considered necessary for a fair presentation have been included. Operating results for the three months ended March 31, 2007 are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the calendar year ending December 31, 2007. For further information, refer to the financial statements and footnotes thereto included in the Company’s annual report on Form 10-KS B for the year ended December 31, 2006.
Revenue Recognition
Revenue is recorded at the time of merchandise shipment, net of provisions for returns. The Company records revenues from sales initiated by sales agents, net of the sales commissions earned following the interpretative guidance provided by FASB Emerging Issue Task Force (EITF) EITF No. 99-19Reporting Revenue Gross as a Principal versus Net as an Agent. License fees are earned over the license period according to the terms of the license agreement and interpretative guidance provided by Staff Accounting Bulletin (SAB) No. 101Revenue Recognition in Financial Statements, No. 104Revenue Recognition and EITF No. 00-21Revenue Arrangements with Multiple Deliverables. The majority of the Company’s sales are to distributors and licensees, and these distributors and licensees have no right to return products.
In addition to the aforementioned general policy, we enter into transactions that represent multiple-element arrangements, which may include post signing training and technical support to our licensee’s as needed to assist them in the use of our products and integration into their product development. Multiple-element arrangements are assessed to determine whether they can be separated into more than one unit of accounting. A multiple-element arrangement is separated into more than one unit of accounting if all of the following criteria are met.
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The delivered items or service has value to the customer on a stand alone basis.
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There is objective and reliable evidence of the fair value of the undelivered items or service.
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If the delivery or performance of the undelivered items or service is considered probably and substantially in our control.
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If these criteria are not met, then license revenues are deferred until such criteria are met or until the period(s) over which the last undelivered element is delivered. If there is an objective and reliable evidence of fair value for all units of accounting in an arrangement, the consideration is allocated to the separate units of accounting based on each unit’s relative fair value. A portion of the initial payment received as part of a license agreement is being recognized as milestones are achieved towards fulfillment of the license agreement terms, based on interpretative guidance provided by EITF No. 00-21.
Inventories
Inventories are stated at the lower of cost (first in - first out method) or market. A summary of inventories follows (in thousands):
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| | | March 31, 2007 | | | December 31, 2006 |
| | | (unaudited) | | | |
Components (raw materials) | | $ | 60 | | $ | 83 |
Finished goods | | | 32 | | | 30 |
Reserve for shrinkage and obsolescence | | | (38) | | | (38) |
| | $ | 54 | | $ | 75 |
Earnings (Loss) Per Share
The Company follows the provisions of SFAS No. 128,Earnings Per Share. SFAS No. 128 provides for the calculation of “Basic” and “Diluted” earnings per share. Basic earnings (loss) per share is computed using the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding. Diluted earnings (loss) per share is computed using the weighted-average number of common shares and dilutive common shares outstanding during the period. For the three months ended March 31, 2006, options to purchase 437,999 shares of common stock were excluded from the computation of diluted earnings per share since their effect would be antidilutive.
As of March 31, 2007 and 2006, the unaudited components of basic and diluted earnings per share are as follows (in thousands):
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| | | Three months ending March 31, | |
| | | 2007 | | | 2006 | |
| | | | | | | |
Net income (loss) available to common shareholders | | $ | 24 | | $ | (70) | |
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Weighted-average common shares outstanding during the period | | | 4,152 | | | 4,152 | |
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Incremental shares from assumed conversions of stock options | | | 630 | | | - | |
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Fully diluted weighted-average common shares and potential commons stock (unaudited) | | | 4,782 | | | 4,152 | |
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7
Capital Stock and Stock Options
During the three months ended March 31, 2007, no common stock or preferred stock was issued. During the quarter ended March 31, 2007, no options to purchase shares of common stock under the 2003 Non-Employee Directors Stock Option Plan or pursuant to the Nonstatutory Stock Option Agreements issued outside of the Company’s equity incentive plans were issued or exercised. No stock options expired during the three months ended March 31, 2007.
The Company adopted SFAS 123 (R) “Share-Based Payment”, for accounting for its stock options effective with the fiscal year beginning January 1, 2006. The fair value of each option granted is estimated on the date of the grant using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model. The Black-Scholes pricing model has assumptions for the risk free interest rates, dividends, stock volatility and expected life of an option grant. The risk free interest rate is based on the U.S. Treasury Bill rate with a maturity based on the expected life of the options and on the closest day to an individual stock option grant. Dividend rates are based on the Company’s dividend history. The stock volatility factor is based on the past seven years of market prices of the Company’s common stock. The expected life of an option grant is based on various factors including historical exercise and expiration experience rates in addition to the life of the option. The Company adjusted the compensation expense by a forfeiture factor based on historical experience. The fair value of each option grant is recognized as compensation expense over the vesting period of the option on a straight line basis.
The Company does not record the stock compensation expense net of taxes since there was no material provision for income taxes for the periods ended March 31, 2007 and 2006 as the Company incurred net operating losses for which no benefit was recognized, or utilized tax loss carryforwards. The tax benefit is a component of the deferred tax asset disclosed in the income taxes footnote.
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Stock Option Grants | | 2007 Option Grants | | 2006 Option Grants |
| | | | |
Weighted average interest rates | | no grants to date | | 5.10% |
Dividend yield | | 0.00% | | 0.00% |
Volatility factor of the Company’s common stock | | no grants to date | | 180.00% |
Forfeiture factor – Nonstatutory Stock Option Agreements | | - | | 5.00% |
Forfeiture factor – 2003 Non-Employee Directors Stock Option Plan | | no grants to date | | 7 years |
Weighted average expected life | | | | |
In June 2006, the Company’s Board of Directors granted Nonstatutory Stock Option Agreements to the Company’s employees covering a total of 330,000 shares of common stock. The Board of Directors had set terms and conditions of these stock options. Options were granted at the fair value at the date of the grant as determined by the average closing price of the day prior to the grant date and the day of the grant.
A summary of the activity under the Nonstatutory Stock Option Agreement is as follows (in thousands except per share data):
| | | | | |
Nonstatutory Stock Options | | Three months ending March 31, 2007 |
| | Shares | | | Weighted Average Exercise Price |
| | | | | |
Outstanding, beginning of period | | 330 | | $ | 0.32 |
Options Granted | | - | | | - |
Canceled or Expired | | - | | | - |
| | | | | |
Outstanding, March 31, 2007 | | 330 | | $ | 0.32 |
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A summary of the non-vested options activity under direct Nonstatutory Stock Option Agreements is as follows (in thousands except per share data):
| | | | | | |
Nonstatutory Stock Options Non-vested Options | | Three months ending March 31, 2007 | |
| | Shares | | | Weighted Average Exercise Price | |
| | | | | | |
Outstanding, beginning of period | | 234 | | $ | 0.32 | |
Options Granted | | - | | | - | |
Vested | | (41) | | $ | 0.32 | |
| | | | | | |
Outstanding, March 31, 2007 | | 193 | | $ | 0.32 | |
In June 1993, the Company’s Board of Directors adopted a Non-Employee Directors’ Stock Option Plan (Directors’ Plan) covering a total of 158,333 shares of common stock, which provides for a one-time automatic grant of options to purchase 8,333 shares of common stock and annual grants thereafter of options to purchase 3,333 shares of common stock to each non-employee director at an exercise price equal to the fair market value of the stock on the date of grant. This plan has expired, but stock options issued under this plan are still outstanding.
A summary of the activity under the Non-Employee Directors’ Stock Option Plan is as follows (in thousands except per share data):
| | | | | | |
Non-Employee Directors’ Plan | | Three months ending March 31, 2007 | |
| | Shares | | | Weighted Average Exercise Price | |
| | | | | | |
Outstanding, beginning of period | | 60 | | $ | 1.83 | |
Options Granted | | - | | | - | |
Canceled or Expired | | - | | | - | |
| | | | | | |
Outstanding, March 31, 2007 | | 60 | | $ | 1.83 | |
At March 31, 2007, no shares of the Company’s common stock were reserved for future grants under the Directors’ Plan, and all options to purchase 60,000 shares were exercisable, at a weighted average exercise price of $1.83.
On June 25, 2003 the Board of Directors adopted the 2003 Non-Employee Directors’ Stock Option Plan (the “2003 Plan”) of Human Pheromone Sciences, Inc. A maximum of 300,000 shares of common stock may be issued on exercise of the options granted pursuant to the 2003 Plan. The 2003 Plan will expire on June 24, 2010. This plan replaces the Directors’ Plan which expired on June 13, 2003. The 2003 Plan provides for annual grants of options to purchase 20,000 shares of common stock to each non-employee director at an exercise price equal to the fair market value of the stock on the date of the grant.
A summary of the activity under the 2003 Non-Employee Directors’ Plan is as follows (in thousands except per share data):
| | | | | | |
2003 Non-Employee Directors’ Plan | | Three months ending March 31, 2007 | |
| | Shares | | | Weighted Average Exercise Price | |
| | | | | | |
Outstanding, beginning of period | | 240 | | $ | 0.36 | |
Options Granted | | - | | | - | |
Canceled or Expired | | - | | | - | |
Outstanding, March 31, 2007 | | 240 | | $ | 0.36 | |
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At March 31, 2007, 60,000 shares of the Company’s common stock were reserved for future grants under the 2003 Non-Employees Directors’ Plan, and all options to purchase 230,000 shares were exercisable, at a weighted average exercise price of $1.83.
A summary of the non-vested options activity under the 2003 Non-Employee Directors Stock Option Plan is as follows (in thousands except per share data):
| | | | | | | | | | | |
2003 Non-Employee Director’s Plan Non-vested Options | | Three months ending March 31, 2007 | |
| | | Shares | | | Weighted Average Exercise Price | |
| | | | | | | |
| Outstanding, beginning of period | | 25 | | $ | 0.32 | |
| Options Granted | | - | | | - | |
| Vested | | (15) | | $ | 0.32 | |
| | | | | | | |
| Outstanding, March 31, 2007 | | 10 | | $ | 0.32 | |
The Company recorded $13,000 and $5,000 of employee and non-employee compensation expense for stock options during the three months ended March 31, 2007, respectively. For the three months ended March 31, 2006, the Company did not have any employee compensation expense and recorded $6,000 for non-employee compensation expense. At March 31, 2007, there was $64,000 of unrecognized compensation costs related to non-vested share-based compensation under the 2003 Non-Employee Directors’ Stock Option Plan and the Nonstatutory Stock Option grants. This cost is expected to be recognized over the following fourteen months.
INCOME TAXES
A provision for income taxes of $1,000 for the period ended March 31, 2007 was recorded for minimum tax liabilities incurred. For the period ending 2006, the minimum tax liabilities were recorded as administrative expenses as the Company incurred net operating losses for which no benefit was recognized, or utilized tax loss carryforwards.
A reconciliation of the effective tax and the statutory U.S. federal income tax is as follows (in thousands):
| | | | | | |
| | | Three months ending March 31, |
| | | 2007 | | | 2006 |
| | | (unaudited) | | | (unaudited) |
| | | | | | |
Federal tax (benefit) at the federal statutory rate | | $ | 8 | | $ | (24) |
Other differences | | | 128 | | | - |
Permanent differences | | | - | | | - |
Increase (decrease) in valuation allowance | | | (136) | | | 24 |
Income tax benefits | | $ | - | | $ | - |
At March 31, 2007, the Company had federal net operating loss carryforwards of approximately $16,193,000. The Company also had federal and state research and development tax carryforwards of approximately $227,000. The net operating loss and credit carryforwards will expire between 2007 and 2021. The utilization of certain of the loss carryforwards is limited under Section 382 of the Internal Revenue Code.
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Temporary differences that give rise to a significant portion of the deferred tax asset are as follows (in thousands):
| | | | | | |
| | | March 31, | | | December 31, |
| | | 2007 | | | 2006 |
| | | (unaudited) | | | |
Deferred tax asset: | | | | | | |
Net operating loss carryforward | | $ | 5,589 | | $ | 5,667 |
Research credit carryforward | | | 227 | | | 227 |
Reserves and accruals | | | 695 | | | 751 |
Other, net | | | (105) | | | (103) |
Valuation allowance for deferred tax assets | | | (6,406) | | | (6,542) |
Net deferred tax assets | | $ | - | | $ | - |
The Company adopted the provisions of FASB Interpretation No. 48, “Accounting for Uncertainty in Income Taxes”, on January 1, 2007. Because of the Company’s lack of earnings history, the deferred tax asset has been fully offset by a valuation allowance. The net valuation allowance has decreased by $136,000 in the first three months of 2007. The valuation allowance was established because the Company was not able to determine that it is more likely than not that the deferred tax asset will be realized.
The Company believes that all of its tax positions are sustainable and that no significant adjustment to its unrecognized tax benefits is expected. The majority of the unrecognized tax benefits relates to positions where only the timing of a deduction is in question. Such liabilities are offset by deferred tax assets and the only effect on the Company's income statement relates to the interest accrued on such liabilities.
The Company files U.S. federal income tax returns and state income tax returns in California, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania and Utah. Because of the net operating loss carryforwards available to the Company, Federal tax returns filed for tax years 1991 to 1995, 1997 to 2000, 2002 to 2006 are subject to examination. Tax returns for California, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania for these jurisdictions remain subject to examination by the relevant taxing authorities for tax years ended on or after December 31, 2000. The initial tax return for Utah will be filed for the year ending December 31, 2006 and will be subject to examination by the relevant taxing authorities.
The Company did not recognize any change to retained earnings upon adoption of FIN No. 48.
2. SEGMENT INFORMATION
Sales by geographic markets for the three months ended March 31, 2007 and 2006 were as follows (in thousands):
| | | | | |
| | Three months ending March 31, |
| | 2007 | | | 2006 |
| | (unaudited) | | | (unaudited) |
Net product revenue by markets: | | | | | |
U.S. markets | $ | 154 | | $ | 145 |
International markets | | 45 | | | 121 |
Net product revenue | | 199 | | | 266 |
| | | | | |
License revenue (worldwide) | | 135 | | | - |
| | | | | |
Net Revenue | $ | 334 | | $ | 266 |
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3. NEW ACCOUNTING PRONOUNCEMENTS
In February 2007, the FASB released SFAS No. 159,Fair Value Option for Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities – Including and amendment of FASB Statement No. 115. SFAS No. 159 permits entities to choose to measure many financial instruments and certain other items at fair value. The objective is to improve financial reporting by providing entities with the opportunity to mitigate volatility in reported earnings caused by measuring related assets and liabilities differently without having to apply complex hedge accounting provisions. This statement is effective for fiscal years beginning after November 15, 2007. Management does not believe the adoption of SFAS No. 159 will have a material impact on the Company's financial position or results of operations.
Item 2.Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Conditions and Results of Operations
This report contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. Except for the historical information contained in this discussion and analysis of financial condition and results of operations, the matters discussed herein are forward looking statements. These forward looking statements include but are not limited to the Company’s plans for sales growth and expansion into new channels of trade, expectations of gross margin, expenses, new product introduction, and the Company’s liquidity and capital needs. These matters involve risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially from the statements made. In addition to the risks and uncertainties described in “Risk Factors”, below, these risks and uncertainties may include consumer trend s, business cycles, scientific developments, changes in governmental policy and regulation, currency fluctuations, economic trends in the United States and inflation. These and other factors may cause actual results to differ materially from those anticipated in forward-looking statements. Readers are cautioned not to place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements, which speak only as of the date hereof.
CRITICAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES
The Company’s discussion and analysis of its financial conditions and results of operations are based upon financial statements, which have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. The preparation of financial statements requires management to make estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, revenues and expenses and disclosures on the date of the financial statements. On an on-going basis, we evaluate our estimates, including, but not limited to, those related to revenue recognition and license fees. We use authoritative pronouncements, historical experience and other assumptions as the basis for making judgments. Actual results could differ from those estimates. We believe that the following critical accounting policies affect our more significant judgments and estimates in the preparation of our financial statements.
Stock Option Policy
The Company adopted SFAS 123 (R) “Share-Based Payment”, for accounting for its stock options effective with the fiscal year beginning January 1, 2006. The fair value of each option granted is estimated on the date of the grant using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model. The Black-Scholes pricing model has assumptions for the risk free interest rates, dividends, stock volatility and expected life of an option grant. The risk free interest rate is based on the U.S. Treasury Bill rate with a maturity based on the expected life of the options and on the closest day to an individual stock option grant. Dividend rates are based on the Company’s dividend history. The stock volatility factor is based on the past seven years of market prices of the Company’s common stock. The expected life of an option grant is based on various factors including historical exercise rates in addition to the life of the stock option. The Company adjusts compensation expense by a forfeiture factor based on historical experience. The fair value of each option grant is recognized as compensation expense over the vesting period of the option on a straight line basis.
The Company did not record the stock compensation expense net of taxes since there was no material provision for income taxes for the periods ended March 31, 2007 and 2006 as the Company incurred net operating losses for which no benefit was recognized, or utilized tax loss carryforwards. The tax benefit is a component of the deferred tax asset disclosed in the income taxes footnote.
12
Use of Estimates
The preparation of the financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements, and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates.
Revenue Recognition
Revenue is recorded at the time of merchandise shipment, net of provisions for returns. The Company records revenues from sales initiated by sales agents, net of the sales commissions earned following the interpretative guidance provided by FASB Emerging Issue Task Force (EITF) EITF No. 99-19Reporting Revenue Gross as a Principal versus Net as an Agent. License fees are earned over the license period according to the terms of the license agreement and interpretative guidance provided by Staff Accounting Bulletin (SAB) No. 101Revenue Recognition in Financial Statements, No. 104Revenue Recognition and EITF No. 00-21Revenue Arrangements with Multiple Deliverables. The majority of the Company’s sales are to distributors and licensees, and these distributors and licensees have no right to return products.
In addition to the aforementioned general policy, we enter into transactions that represent multiple-element arrangements, which may include post signing training and technical support to our licensee’s as needed to assist them in the use of our products and integration into their product development. Multiple-element arrangements are assessed to determine whether they can be separated into more than one unit of accounting. A multiple-element arrangement is separated into more than one unit of accounting if all of the following criteria are met.
● The delivered items or service has value to the customer on a stand alone basis.
● There is objective and reliable evidence of the fair value of the undelivered items or service.
● If the delivery or performance of the undelivered items or service is considered probably and substantially in our control.
If these criteria are not met, then license revenues are deferred until such criteria are met or until the period(s) over which the last undelivered element is delivered. If there is an objective and reliable evidence of fair value for all units of accounting in an arrangement, the consideration is allocated to the separate units of accounting based on each unit’s relative fair value. A portion of the initial payment received as part of a license agreement is being recognized as milestones are achieved towards fulfillment of the license agreement terms, based on interpretative guidance provided by EITF No. 00-21.
Income Taxes
Deferred income taxes are provided using the liability method whereby deferred tax assets are recognized for deductible temporary differences and operating loss and tax credit carryforwards and deferred tax liabilities are recognized for taxable temporary differences. Temporary differences are the differences between the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and their tax bases. Deferred tax assets are reduced by a valuation allowance when, in the opinion of management, it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are adjusted for the effects of changes in tax laws and rates on the date of enactment.
When tax returns are filed, it is highly certain that some positions taken would be sustained upon examination by the taxing authorities, while others are subject to uncertainty about the merits of the position taken or the amount of the position that would ultimately be sustained. The benefit of a tax position is recognized in the financial statements in the period during which, based on all available evidence, management believes it is more-likely-than not that the position will be sustained upon examination, including the resolution of appeals or litigation processes, if any. The evaluation of a tax position taken is considered by itself and not offset or aggregated with other positions. Tax positions that meet the more-likely-than-not recognition threshold are measured as the largest amount of tax benefit that is more than 50 percent likely of being realized upon settlement with the applicable taxing authority. The portion of the benefits associated with tax positions taken that exceeds the amount measured as described above is reflected as a liability for unrecognized tax benefits in the accompanying balance sheet along with any associated interest and penalties that would be payable to the taxing authorities upon examination.
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Interest and penalties associated with unrecognized tax benefits are classified as interest expense and additional income taxes in the statement of income.
COMPANY OVERVIEW
The Company is engaged in the research, development, manufacturing and marketing of consumer products containing synthetic human pheromones and other mood enhancing compounds. The Company initiated commercial operations in late 1994 with a line of fine fragrances and toiletries. Licensing of the Company’s technology is currently the core business of the Company while directly managing the on-going development of identified compounds for potential new products. The Company’s patented compounds are sold to licensed customers and included as components in their fragranced consumer products. The Company also offers private label manufacturing services for third party consumer product licensees.
Results of Operations
Three Months ended March 31, 2007 compared to the Three Months ended March 31, 2006
Net revenue for the quarters ended March 31, 2007 and 2006 were as follows (in thousands):
| | | | | | |
| | | Three months ending March 31, |
| | | 2007 | | | 2006 |
| | | (unaudited) | | | (unaudited) |
Net product revenue by markets: | | | | | | |
U.S. markets | | $ | 154 | | $ | 145 |
International markets | | | 45 | | | 121 |
Net product revenue | | | 199 | | | 266 |
| | | | | | |
License revenue (worldwide) | | | 135 | | | - |
| | | | | | |
Net Revenues | | $ | 334 | | $ | 266 |
Total revenues for the first quarter of 2007 were $334,000, representing a 26% increase from the prior year’s revenues of $266,000. The increase in total revenues was due to the $135,000 license revenues attributed to the Personal Products Company (PPC), a division of McNeil-PPC, Inc. (a Johnson & Johnson company) license agreement signed in August 2006. Net product revenues of $199,000 for the first three months of 2007 was $67,000 less than last year’s $266,000 for the comparable period. Domestically, sales were $9,000 greater than the prior year, attributable to increased pheromone reorders from existing licensees. International sales of $45,000 was $76,000 less than 2006 sales of $121,000 due to reduced reorders from a private label manufacturer.
Gross profit for the quarter ended March 31, 2007 of $227,000 is 7% more than last year’s gross profit of $213,000. As a percentage of revenues, gross profit of 68% was less than last year’s gross profit of 80%. Gross margin on product revenues remained at the 2006 gross margin of 80%. The decreased total gross margin was due to the reduced margin incurred on the recently signed PPC license. To fulfill a portion of the license agreement terms, expenses associated with the PPC work have been included as cost of goods sold to offset the revenue recorded which results in a reduced overall gross margin . The increase in gross profit is attributed to the license revenue in the current quarter.
| | | | | |
| | 2007 | | | 2006 |
| | (unaudited) | | | (unaudited) |
Gross Profit by Revenue Type (in thousands) | | | | | |
Net product revenue | $ | 160 | | $ | 213 |
License revenue | | 67 | | | - |
Gross Profit | $ | 227 | | $ | 213 |
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Research and development expenses for the first quarter of 2007 and 2006 were $12,000 and $24,000, respectively. Research expenditures of $35,000 that were incurred in 2007 to support the PPC license have been charged as cost of goods sold. The total research and development cost incurred for the current quarter, including the amount recorded as license costs, was $47,000 which was $23,000 more than the prior year’s $24,000. Research and development on several new compounds is on-going.
Selling, general and administrative expenses of $208,000 are $52,000 less than last year’s $260,000. Selling, marketing and distribution expenses were $15,000 less than the prior year as the Company continues to focus on product licensing which is less capital intensive. General and administrative and facility costs decreased by $37,000, primarily a result of expenditures to support the PPC license being charged as cost of goods sold.
The Company earned $18,000 and $1,000 in net interest income during the three months ending March 31, 2007 and 2006, respectively. The increased earnings was due to the Company’s increased cash balances occurring upon receipt of a $1,750,000 payment upon signing the PPC license agreement.
The Company recorded a $1,000 minimum tax provisions in 2007 and 2006, due primarily to a valuation allowance on deferred tax assets being recorded and the expected utilization of net operating losses carried forward from prior years to offset any significant tax liability. As of March 31, 2007, the Company’s gross deferred tax asset, which relates primarily to net operating losses carried forward was $6,406,000. However, a full valuation allowance is provided for the gross deferred tax asset as management could not determine whether its realization is more likely than not.
LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES
At March 31, 2007, the Company had cash of $1,859,000 with no outstanding bank borrowings and working capital of $1,101,000. At December 31, 2006, it had cash of $1,941,000 with no outstanding bank borrowings and working capital of $1,083,000. For the first three months of 2007, net cash used in on-going activities was $82,000 comparable to the prior year’s $123,000 an improvement of $41,000. Additional cash receipts from increased interest income and an increase in non-cash expenses for stock option compensation accounted for the majority of the improvement.
Risk Factors
Our business is subject to various risks, including those described below. You should carefully consider the following risk factors and all other information contained in this Form 10-QSB. If any of the following events or outcomes actually occurs, our business, operating results, and financial condition would likely suffer.
The Company has not had sustained profitable operations since 1997. Since 1997, the Company has incurred losses from operations. In May 2000, the Company refocused its business model based on product licensing agreements. While the Company anticipated that this change in its business will result in profitable operations, it has not to date, and the Company’s license based business model may not be successful in the future. Although the Company’s current cash position and projected results of operations for the next twelve months are not expected to require additional outside financing, the Company is continuing to seek additional financing opportunities . The Company may not be able to obtain such additional funding on commercially reasonable terms if such funding is required
The Company’s marketing strategy may not be successful. The Company may not be able to establish and maintain the necessary sales and distribution channels, even if funding is obtained. Consumer product companies may choose not to license or private label the Company’s products.
The Company may not be able to protect its technology or trade secrets from others who choose to violate the Company’s patents. The Company intends to protect and defend its patent rights from those who might violate them. However, the costs to defend and litigate may exceed the Company’s financial resources.
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The Company may not be able to develop new patentable compounds. The Company’s success substantially depends upon developing and obtaining patents for new mood and sensory enhancing compounds. The Company requires that its products be scientifically tested validating the human responses to the compounds. The Company may not be successful in validating that the desired human responses are obtained.
The Company may not be able to recruit and retain key personnel. The Company’s success substantially depends upon recruiting and retaining key employees and consultants with research, product development and marketing experience. The Company may not be successful in recruiting and retaining these key people.
The Company relies upon other companies to manufacture its products. The Company and its distributors/licensees rely upon other companies to manufacture its pheromones, supply components, and to blend, fill and package its fragrance products. The Company and its distributors/licensees may not be able to obtain or retain pheromone manufacturers, fragrance suppliers, or component manufacturers on acceptable terms. This would adversely affect operating results.
Item 3. Controls and Procedures
Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures. Based on our evaluation as of the end of the period covered by this Quarterly Report on Form 10-QSB, our chief executive officer and chief financial officer have concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934) are effective to ensure that information required to be disclosed by us in reports that we file or submit under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in Securities and Exchange Commission rules and forms.
Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting. There were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting identified in connection with our evaluation that occurred during the fiscal quarter ended March 31, 2007 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.
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PART II
OTHER INFORMATION
Item 1. Legal Proceedings
The Company is not party to any pending legal proceedings.
Item 6. Exhibits
Exhibits
Exhibit 31.1
Certification Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act
Exhibit 31.2
Certification Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act
Exhibit 32
Certification of Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. 1350
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SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant had duly caused this Report to be signed on behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.
HUMAN PHEROMONE SCIENCES, INC.
Date: May 14, 2007
/s/ William P. Horgan
William P. Horgan
Chairman and Chief Executive Officer
(Principal Executive Officer)
Date: May 14, 2007
/s/ Gregory S. Fredrick
Gregory S. Fredrick
Chief Financial Officer
(Principal Financial Officer and Principal Accounting Officer)
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