Loans | Note 3 – Loans Loans consist of the following: (Dollars in thousands) March 31, 2020 December 31, 2019 Commercial $ 139,964 $ 137,114 Commercial real estate 192,387 196,748 Residential real estate 177,404 174,259 Construction & land development 26,516 23,960 Consumer 18,598 19,052 Total loans before deferred costs 554,869 551,133 Deferred loan costs 451 500 Total Loans $ 555,320 $ 551,633 Loan Origination/Risk Management The Company has certain lending policies and procedures in place that are designed to maximize loan income within an acceptable level of risk. Management reviews and approves these policies and procedures on a regular basis. A reporting system supplements the review process by providing management with frequent reports related to loan production, loan quality, concentrations of credit, loan delinquencies and non-performing and potential problem loans. Diversification in the loan portfolio is a means of managing risk associated with fluctuations in economic conditions. Commercial loans are underwritten after evaluating and understanding the borrower’s ability to operate profitably and prudently expand its business. Underwriting standards are designed to promote relationship banking rather than transactional banking. The Company’s management examines current and occasionally projected cash flows to determine the ability of the borrower to repay their obligations as agreed. Commercial loans are primarily made based on the identified cash flows of the borrower and secondarily on the underlying collateral provided by the borrower. The cash flows of borrowers; however, may not be as expected and the collateral securing these loans may fluctuate in value. Most commercial loans are secured by the assets being financed or other business assets such as accounts receivable or inventory and may incorporate a personal guarantee; however, some short-term loans may be made on an unsecured basis. In the case of loans secured by accounts receivable, the availability of funds for the repayment of these loans may be substantially dependent on the ability of the borrower to collect amounts due from its customers. Commercial real estate loans are subject to underwriting standards and processes similar to commercial loans, in addition to those of real estate loans. These loans are viewed primarily as cash flow loans and secondarily as loans secured by real estate. Commercial real estate lending typically involves higher loan principal amounts and the repayment of these loans is largely dependent on the successful operation of the property securing the loan or the business conducted on the property securing the loan. Commercial real estate loans may be adversely affected by conditions in the real estate markets or in the general economy. The properties securing the Company’s commercial real estate portfolio are diverse in terms of type. This diversity helps reduce the Company’s exposure to adverse economic events that affect any single industry. Management monitors and evaluates commercial real estate loans based on collateral, geography, and risk grade criteria. In addition, management tracks the level of owner-occupied commercial real estate loans versus non-owner occupied loans. With respect to loans to developers and builders that are secured by non-owner occupied properties, the Company generally requires the borrower to have had an existing relationship with the Company and have a proven record of success. Construction and land development loans are underwritten utilizing independent appraisal reviews, sensitivity analysis of absorption and lease rates, and financial analysis of the developers and property owners. Construction and land development loans are generally based upon estimates of costs and value associated with the completed project. These estimates may be inaccurate. Construction and land development loans often involve the disbursement of substantial funds with repayment substantially dependent on the success of the ultimate project. Sources of repayment for these types of loans may be pre-committed permanent loans from approved long-term lenders, sales of developed property, or an interim loan commitment from the Company until permanent financing is obtained. These loans are closely monitored by on-site inspections and are considered to have higher risk than other real estate loans due to their ultimate repayment being sensitive to interest rate changes, governmental regulation of real property, general economic conditions, and the availability of long-term financing. The Company originates consumer loans utilizing a judgmental underwriting process. To monitor and manage consumer loan risk, policies and procedures are developed and modified, as needed, jointly by line and staff personnel. This activity, coupled with relatively small loan amounts that are spread across many individual borrowers, mitigates risk. The Company maintains an independent loan review department that reviews and validates the credit risk program on a periodic basis. Results of these reviews are presented to management. The loan review process complements and reinforces the risk identification and assessment decisions made by lenders and credit personnel, as well as the Company’s policies and procedures. Loans serviced for others approximated $88.1 million and $95.7 million at March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively. Concentrations of Credit Nearly all of the Company’s lending activity occurs within the state of Ohio, including the four counties of Holmes, Stark, Tuscarawas and Wayne, as well as other markets. The majority of the Company’s loan portfolio consists of commercial and commercial real estate loans. As of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, there were no concentrations of loans related to any single industry. Allowance for Loan Losses The following tables detail activity in the allowance for loan losses by portfolio segment for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019. Allocation of a portion of the allowance to one category of loans does not preclude its availability to absorb losses in other categories. For the three-month period ended March 31, 2020 the increased allocation across all categories was primarily related to worsening economic conditions and the increasing unemployment rate at the end of March associated with the COVID-19 pandemic. The decrease in the provision for loan losses for the three months ended March 31, 2019 related to commercial loans was primarily due to a recovery related to one loan relationship which contributed to declining historical losses of loans in this category. The decrease in the provision related to construction and land development loans was primarily due to the decrease in loan balances as construction projects were completed and transferred to permanent financing. The increase in the provision for consumer loans was related to increasing charge-offs as well as an increase in historical losses partially offset by lower delinquencies. S ummary of Allowance for Loan Losses (Dollars in thousands) Commercial Commercial Real Estate Residential Real Estate Construction & Land Development Consumer Unallocated Total Three months ended March 31, 2020 Beginning balance $ 2,408 $ 2,153 $ 1,152 $ 203 $ 481 $ 620 $ 7,017 Provision for loan losses 212 147 209 52 87 (529 ) 178 Charge-offs (15 ) — (15 ) — (57 ) (87 ) Recoveries 4 — 1 — 7 12 Net charge-offs (11 ) — (14 ) — (50 ) (75 ) Ending balance $ 2,609 $ 2,300 $ 1,347 $ 255 $ 518 $ 91 $ 7,120 Three months ended March 31, 2019 Beginning balance $ 2,178 $ 1,791 $ 1,245 $ 258 $ 306 $ 129 $ 5,907 Provision for loan losses (339 ) 17 (24 ) (88 ) 83 636 285 Charge-offs (5 ) — — — (65 ) (70 ) Recoveries 163 - 1 - 1 165 Net (charge-offs) recoveries 158 - 1 - (64 ) 95 Ending balance $ 1,997 $ 1,808 $ 1,222 $ 170 $ 325 $ 765 $ 6,287 The following table presents the balance in the allowance for loan losses and the ending loan balances by portfolio class, based on the impairment method as of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019: (Dollars in thousands) Commercial Commercial Real Estate Residential Real Estate Construction Consumer Unallocated Total March 31, 2020 Allowance for loan losses: Individually evaluated for impairment $ 10 $ 18 $ 1 $ — $ — $ — $ 29 Collectively evaluated for impairment 2,599 2,282 1,346 255 518 91 7,091 Total ending allowance balance $ 2,609 $ 2,300 $ 1,347 $ 255 $ 518 $ 91 $ 7,120 Loans: Loans individually evaluated for impairment $ 2,497 $ 2,577 $ 834 $ — $ — $ 5,908 Loans collectively evaluated for impairment 137,467 189,810 176,570 26,516 18,598 548,961 Total ending loans balance $ 139,964 $ 192,387 $ 177,404 $ 26,516 $ 18,598 $ 554,869 December 31, 2019 Allowance for loan losses: Individually evaluated for impairment $ 16 $ 17 $ 1 $ — $ — $ — $ 34 Collectively evaluated for impairment 2,392 2,136 1,151 203 481 620 6,983 Total ending allowance balance $ 2,408 $ 2,153 $ 1,152 $ 203 $ 481 $ 620 $ 7,017 Loans: Loans individually evaluated for impairment $ 2,555 $ 2,637 $ 853 $ — $ 14 $ 6,059 Loans collectively evaluated for impairment 134,559 194,111 173,406 23,960 19,038 545,074 Total ending loans balance $ 137,114 $ 196,748 $ 174,259 $ 23,960 $ 19,052 $ 551,133 The following table presents loans individually evaluated for impairment by class of loans as of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019: (Dollars in thousands) Unpaid Principal Balance Recorded Investment with no Allowance Recorded Investment with Allowance Total recorded investment 1 Related Allowance March 31, 2020 Commercial $ 2,924 $ 2,489 $ 10 $ 2,499 $ 10 Commercial real estate 2,921 2,416 170 2,586 18 Residential real estate 1,010 577 259 836 1 Total impaired loans $ 6,855 $ 5,482 $ 439 $ 5,921 $ 29 December 31, 2019 Commercial $ 2,982 $ 2,541 $ 16 $ 2,557 $ 16 Commercial real estate 2,952 2,471 176 2,647 17 Residential real estate 1,024 457 396 853 1 Consumer 14 14 — 14 — Total impaired loans $ 6,972 $ 5,483 $ 588 $ 6,071 $ 34 1 includes principal, accrued interest, unearned fees, and origination costs The following table presents the average recorded investment in impaired loans and related interest income recognized for the periods indicated. Three Months Ended March 31, (Dollars in thousands) 2020 2019 Average recorded investment: Commercial $ 2,453 $ 861 Commercial real estate 2,556 2,289 Residential real estate 846 1,018 Consumer 9 3 Average recorded investment in impaired loans $ 5,864 $ 4,171 Interest income recognized: Commercial $ 18 $ 13 Commercial real estate 2 3 Residential real estate 10 12 Interest income recognized on a cash basis on impaired loans $ 30 $ 28 The following table presents the aging of past due loans and nonaccrual loans as of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019 by class of loans: Accruing Loans (Dollars in thousands) Current 30-59 Days Past Due 60-89 Days Past Due 90 Days + Past Due Non- Accrual Total Past Due and Non- Accrual Total Loans March 31, 2020 Commercial $ 138,544 $ 104 $ — $ — $ 1,316 $ 1,420 $ 139,964 Commercial real estate 189,953 80 — — 2,354 2,434 192,387 Residential real estate 176,176 357 207 2 662 1,228 177,404 Construction & land development 26,516 — — — — — 26,516 Consumer 18,344 198 21 — 35 254 18,598 Total Loans $ 549,533 $ 739 $ 228 $ 2 $ 4,367 $ 5,336 $ 554,869 December 31, 2019 Commercial $ 135,707 $ 15 $ — $ 67 $ 1,325 $ 1,407 $ 137,114 Commercial real estate 194,157 186 — — 2,405 2,591 196,748 Residential real estate 173,023 264 277 174 521 1,236 174,259 Construction & land development 23,960 — — — — — 23,960 Consumer 18,640 365 — — 47 412 19,052 Total Loans $ 545,487 $ 830 $ 277 $ 241 $ 4,298 $ 5,646 $ 551,133 Troubled Debt Restructurings All troubled debt restructurings (“TDR’s) are individually evaluated for impairment and a related allowance is recorded, as needed. Loans whose terms have been modified as TDR’s totaled $2.4 million as of March 31, 2020, and $2.5 million as of December 31, 2019, with $18 thousand (Dollars in thousands) Number of loans restructured Pre- Modification Recorded Investment Post- Modification Recorded Investment For the Three months ended March 31, 2020 Commercial 1 $ 69 $ 69 Total Restructured Loans 1 $ 69 $ 69 For the Three months ended March 31, 2019 Consumer 1 $ 17 $ 17 Total Restructured Loans 1 $ 17 $ 17 The loans restructured were modified by changing the monthly payment to interest only and extending the maturity dates. There was one new TDR’s for the three month period ended March 31, 2020. None of the loans Other real estate owned amounted to one property at $99 thousand at March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively. There were $44 thousand in consumer mortgage loans in the process of foreclosure at March 31, 2020 and $50 thousand at December 31, 2019. There were no other repossessed assets at March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019. Credit Quality Indicators The Company categorizes loans into risk categories based on relevant information about the ability of borrowers to service their debt such as: current financial information, historical payment experience, credit documentation, public information, and current economic trends, among other factors. The Company analyzes commercial loans individually by classifying the loans as to credit risk. This analysis includes commercial loans with an outstanding balance greater than $500 thousand. This analysis is performed on an annual basis. The Company uses the following definitions for risk ratings: Pass . Loans classified as pass (Cash Secured, Exceptional, Acceptable, Monitor, or Pass Watch) may exhibit a wide array of characteristics but at a minimum represent an acceptable risk to the Bank. Borrowers in this rating may have leveraged but acceptable balance sheet positions, satisfactory asset quality, stable to favorable sales and earnings trends, acceptable liquidity and adequate cash flow. Loans are considered fully collectible and require an average amount of administration. While generally adhering to credit policy, these loans may exhibit occasional exceptions that do not result in undue risk to the Bank. Borrowers are generally capable of absorbing setbacks, financial and otherwise, without the threat of failure. Special Mention . Assets assigned a Special Mention grade are not considered classified assets but are considered criticized. These assets exhibit potential weaknesses that, deserve management’s close attention. If left uncorrected, those potential weaknesses may result in deterioration of the repayment prospects for the asset or in the Bank’s credit position at some future date. Loans in this rating warrant special attention but have not yet reached the point of concern for loss. These assets have deteriorated sufficiently to the point they would have difficulty refinancing elsewhere. Similarly, purchasers of the business would not be eligible for bank financing unless they represent a significantly stronger credit risk. Substandard . Loans classified as substandard are inadequately protected by the current sound worth and paying capacity of the obligor or of the collateral pledged, if any. Loans so classified have a well-defined weakness or weaknesses that jeopardize the liquidation of the debt. They are characterized by the distinct possibility that the institution will sustain some loss if the deficiencies are not corrected. Doubtful . Loans classified as doubtful have all the weaknesses inherent in those classified as substandard, with the added characteristic that the weaknesses make collection or liquidation in full, on the basis of currently known facts, conditions, and values, highly questionable and improbable. Loans not meeting the criteria above that are analyzed individually as part of the above described process are considered to be pass rated loans. Loans listed as not rated are either less than $500 thousand or are included in groups of homogeneous loans. Based on the most recent analysis performed, the risk category of loans by class is as follows as of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019: (Dollars in thousands) Pass Special Mention Substandard Doubtful Not Rated Total March 31, 2020 Commercial $ 112,315 $ 8,402 $ 18,190 $ — $ 1,057 $ 139,964 Commercial real estate 170,352 7,221 13,615 — 1,199 192,387 Residential real estate 180 — 243 — 176,981 177,404 Construction & land development 22,626 99 — — 3,791 26,516 Consumer — — 78 — 18,520 18,598 Total $ 305,473 $ 15,722 $ 32,126 $ — $ 201,548 $ 554,869 December 31, 2019 Commercial $ 110,731 $ 15,040 $ 10,295 $ — $ 1,048 $ 137,114 Commercial real estate 174,045 11,546 9,994 — 1,163 196,748 Residential real estate 183 — 237 — 173,839 174,259 Construction & land development 19,423 104 — — 4,433 23,960 Consumer — — 73 — 18,979 19,052 Total $ 304,382 $ 26,690 $ 20,599 $ — $ 199,462 $ 551,133 The following table presents loans that are not rated by class of loans as of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019. Nonperforming loans include loans past due 90 days or more and loans on nonaccrual of interest status. (Dollars in thousands) Performing Non- Performing Total March 31, 2020 Commercial $ 1,057 $ — $ 1,057 Commercial real estate 1,199 — 1,199 Residential real estate 176,574 407 176,981 Construction & land development 3,791 — 3,791 Consumer 18,520 — 18,520 Total $ 201,141 $ 407 $ 201,548 December 31, 2019 Commercial $ 1,048 $ — $ 1,048 Commercial real estate 1,163 — 1,163 Residential real estate 173,407 432 173,839 Construction & land development 4,433 — 4,433 Consumer 18,979 — 18,979 Total $ 199,030 $ 432 $ 199,462 |