Any director may be removed at any time for cause by vote of the holders of a majority in voting interest of shares then entitled to vote at an election of directors. The vacancy in the Board caused by any such removal may be filled by the stockholders at such meeting or as provided in the next paragraph of these By-laws.
In the case of any vacancy on the Board or in the case of any newly created directorship, a director to fill the vacancy or the newly created directorship for the unexpired portion of the term being filled may be elected by a majority of the directors of the Corporation then in office, though less than a quorum, or by a sole remaining director. The director elected to fill such vacancy shall hold office for the unexpired term in respect of which such vacancy occurred and until such person’s successor shall be elected and shall qualify or until such person’s earlier death or resignation or removal in the manner herein provided.
In the absence or in case of the disqualification of a member or members of any such committee, the member or members of such committee present and not disqualified from voting at a meeting of such committee, whether or not such person or they constitute a quorum, may unanimously appoint another member of the Board to act at such meeting in place of any absent or disqualified member.
SECTION 5.2. Resignation, Removal and Vacancies. Any officer may resign at any time by giving written notice of such person’s resignation to the Board. Any such resignation shall take effect at the time specified therein or, if the time when it shall become effective shall not be specified therein when accepted by the Board. Except as aforesaid, the acceptance of such resignation shall not be necessary to make it effective.
Any officer, agent or employee elected or appointed by the Board may be removed, with or without cause, at any time by the Board. Any agent or employee appointed by an officer may be removed, with or without cause, at any time by such officer.
A vacancy in any office may be filled for the unexpired portion of the term in the same manner as provided in these By-laws for election or appointment to such office.
SECTION 5.3. Duties and Functions. If any of the following offices is created and a person appointed or elected thereto, and unless the Board otherwise provides, such offices and persons shall have the following duties and functions:
(a) Chairman. If a Chairman of the Board is appointed or elected, such person shall be a member of the Board, shall preside at meetings of the Board and of the stockholders at which such person shall be present, shall perform such duties as are incident to the office of the Chairman of the Board, and shall perform such other duties as may from time to time be prescribed by the Board.
(b) Vice-Chairman. If any Vice-Chairman or Vice-Chairmen of the Board are appointed or elected, they shall be members of the Board, shall perform such duties as are incident to the office of the Vice-Chairman of the Board, and shall perform such other duties as may from time to time be prescribed by the Board.
(c) Chairman of the Executive Committee. If a Chairman of the Executive Committee is appointed or elected, such person shall be a member of the Board, shall preside at meetings of the Executive Committee, shall when requested consult with and advise the other officers of the Corporation, and shall perform such other duties as may be agreed upon with them or as the Board or the Executive Committee may from time to time determine.
(d) Chief Executive Officer. If a Chief Executive Officer is appointed or elected, such person shall, subject to the control of the Board, have general charge and management of the property, business and affairs of the Corporation and shall have the direction of, and may assign duties to, all other officers (other than the Chairman and any Vice-Chairman, if either or both is appointed or elected), agents and employees.
(e) President. If a President is appointed or elected, such person shall have such powers and duties as shall be prescribed by the Chief Executive Officer, if one is appointed or elected, or the Board. The President shall report to the Chief Executive Officer.
(f) Chief Operating Officer. If any Chief Operating Officer is appointed or elected, such person shall have such powers and duties as shall be prescribed by the Chief Executive Officer or the President, if either or both is appointed or elected, or the Board.
(g) Chief Financial Officer. If any Chief Financial Officer is appointed or elected, such person shall perform all the powers and duties of the offices of the chief financial officer and chief accounting officer and in general shall have overall supervision of the financial operations of the Corporation. The Chief Financial Officer shall also perform such other duties as the Chief Executive Officer, the President or the Board may from time to time determine.
(h) Vice Presidents. If any Vice President or Vice Presidents are appointed or elected, they shall have such powers and duties as shall be prescribed by the Chief Executive Officer or the President, if either or both is appointed or elected, or the Board. Vice Presidents for this purpose shall include Senior, Executive, Assistant and all other categories or types of Vice Presidents.
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(i) Secretary. If a Secretary is appointed or elected, such person shall attend and keep the records of all meetings of the stockholders and the Board in one or more books kept for that purpose, shall give or cause to be given due notice of all meetings in accordance with these By-laws and as required by law, shall notify the several officers of the Corporation of all action taken by the Board concerning matters relating to their duties, shall transmit to the proper officers copies of all contracts and resolutions approved by the Board or any committees of the Board, shall be custodian of the seal of the Corporation and of all contracts, deeds, documents and other corporate papers, records (except accounting records) and indicia of title to properties owned by the Corporation as shall not be committed to the custody of another officer by the Chief Executive Officer or the President, if either or both is appointed or elected, or the Board, shall affix or cause to be affixed the seal of the Corporation to instruments requiring the same when the same have been signed on behalf of the corporation by a duly authorized officer, shall perform all duties and have all powers incident to the office of Secretary, and shall perform such other duties as shall be assigned to such person by the Chief Executive Officer or the President, if either or both is appointed or elected, or the Board. One or more Assistant Secretaries may be appointed or elected, who shall perform all the duties and have all the powers of the Secretary in the absence of or in case of a failure to appoint or elect or when so delegated by the Secretary, and as the Chief Executive Officer or the President, if either or both is appointed or elected, or the Board may direct.
(j) Treasurer. If a Treasurer is appointed or elected, such person shall perform the duties incident to the office of Treasurer and such other duties as shall be assigned to such person by the Chief Executive Officer or the President, if either or both is appointed or elected, or the Board. One or more Assistant Treasurers may be appointed or elected who shall perform all the duties and have all the powers of the Treasurer in the absence of, or in the case of a failure to appoint or elect, or when so delegated by the Treasurer, and as the Chief Executive Officer or the President, if either or both is appointed or elected, or the Board may direct.
(k) Controller. If a Controller is appointed or elected, such person shall perform all the duties incident to the office of Controller and such other duties as may be assigned to such person by the Chief Executive Officer or the President, if either or both is appointed or elected., or the Board. One or more Assistant Controllers may be appointed or elected who shall perform all the duties and have all the powers of the Controller in the absence of, or in the case of a failure to appoint or elect, or when so delegated by, the Controller, and as the Chief Executive Officer or the President, if either of both is appointed or elected, or the Board may direct.
ARTICLE VI
Waiver of Notices; Place of Meetings
SECTION 6.1. Waiver of Notices. Anything herein to the contrary notwithstanding, whenever notice is required to be given to any director or member of a committee or stockholder, a waiver thereof in writing, signed by the person entitled to such notice shall be deemed equivalent to notice, whether given before or after the time specified therein and, in the case of a waiver of notice of a meeting, whether or not such waiver specifies the purpose of or business to be transacted at such meeting. Attendance of a person at a meeting shall constitute a waiver of notice of such meeting, except where the person attends the meeting for the express purpose of objecting, at the beginning of the meeting, to the transaction of any business because the meeting is not lawfully called or convened, and does so object.
SECTION 6.2. Place of Meetings. Any meeting of the stockholders, the Board or any committee may be held within or without the State of Delaware.
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ARTICLE VII
Execution and Delivery of Documents; Deposits; Proxies; Books and Records
SECTION 7.1. Execution and Delivery of Documents; Delegation. The Board shall designate the officers, employees and agents of the Corporation who shall have power to execute and deliver deeds, contracts, mortgages, bonds, debentures, checks, drafts and other orders for the payment of money and other documents for and in the name of the Corporation and may authorize such officers, employees and agents to delegate such power (including authority to redelegate) by written instrument to other officers, employees or agents of the Corporation. Such delegation may be by resolution or otherwise and the authority granted shall be general or confined to specific matters, all as the Board may determine. In the absence of such designation referred to in the first sentence of such designation referred to in the first sentence of this Section, the officers of the Corporation shall have such power so referred to, to the extent incident to the normal performance of their duties.
SECTION 7.2. Deposits. All funds of the Corporation not otherwise employed shall be deposited from time to time to the credit of the Corporation or otherwise as the Board or any officer of the Corporation to whom power in that respect shall have been delegated by the Board shall select.
SECTION 7.3. Proxies in Respect of Stock or Other Securities of Other Corporations. Unless otherwise provided by the Board, any officer of the Corporation shall have the authority from time to time to appoint an agent or agents of the Corporation to exercise in the name and on behalf of the Corporation the powers and rights which the Corporation may have as the holder of stock or other securities in any other corporation, to vote or consent in respect of such stock or securities and to execute or cause to be executed in the name and on behalf of the Corporation and under its corporate seal or otherwise, such written proxies, powers of attorney or other instruments as such person may deem necessary or proper in order that the Corporation may exercise such powers and rights. Such officer may instruct any person or persons appointed as aforesaid as to the manner of exercising such powers and rights.
SECTION 7.4. Books and Records. The books and records of the Corporation may be kept at such places within or without the State of Delaware as the proper officers of the Corporation may from time to time determine.
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ARTICLE VIII
Certificates; Stock Record; Transfer and Registration; New Certificates; Record Date, etc.
SECTION 8.1. Certificates for Stock. Every holder of stock of the Corporation shall be entitled to have a certificate certifying the number of shares owned by such person in the Corporation and designating the class of stock to which such shares belong, which shall otherwise be in such form as the Board shall prescribe. Each such certificate shall be signed by, or in the name of the Corporation by, the Chairman, a Vice-Chairman, the Chief Executive Officer, the President or a Vice President of the Corporation and by the Treasurer, an Assistant Treasurer, the Secretary or an Assistant Secretary of the Corporation. Any of or all such signatures may be facsimiles. In case any authorized officer who has signed or whose facsimile signature has been placed upon a certificate shall have ceased to be such officer or authorized agent before such certificate is issued, it may nevertheless be issued by the Corporation with the same effect as if such person were such officer or authorized agent on the date of issue. Every certificate surrendered to the Corporation for exchange or transfer shall be canceled and a new certificate or certificates shall not be issued in exchange for any existing certificate until such existing certificate shall have been so canceled, except in cases provided for in Section 8.4 of this Article.
SECTION 8.2. Stock Record. A stock record in one or more counterparts shall be kept of the name of the person, firm or corporation owning the stock represented by each certificate for stock of the Corporation issued, the number of shares represented by each such certificate, the date of issue thereof and, in the case of cancellation, the date of cancellation. The person in whose name shares of stock stand on the stock record of the Corporation shall be deemed the owner thereof for all purposes as regards the Corporation.
SECTION 8.3. Transfer and Registration of Stock
(a) Transfer. The transfer of stock and certificates of stock, which represent the stock of the corporation, shall be governed by Article 8 of Subtitle I of Title 6 of the Delaware Code.
(b) Registration. Registration of transfers of shares of the Corporation shall be made only on the books of the Corporation by the registered holder thereof, or by such person’s attorney thereunto authorized by power of attorney duly executed and filed with an officer of the Corporation, and on the surrender of the certificate or certificates for such shares properly endorsed or accompanied by a stock power duly executed.
SECTION 8.4. New Certificates
(a) Lost, Stolen or Destroyed Certificates. Where a stock certificate has been lost, apparently destroyed or wrongfully taken, the issuance of a new stock certificate or the claims based on such certificate shall be governed by Article 8 of Subtitle I of Title 6 of the Delaware Code.
(b) Mutilated Certificates. Where the holder of any certificate for stock of the Corporation notifies the Corporation of the mutilation of such certificate within a reasonable time after such person has notice of it, the Corporation will issue a new certificate for stock in exchange for such mutilated certificate theretofore issued by it.
(c) Bond. The Board may, in its discretion, require the owner of the lost, stolen, destroyed or mutilated certificate to give the Corporation a bond in such sum, limited or unlimited, in such form and with such surety or sureties sufficed to indemnify the Corporation against any claim that may be made against it on account of the loss, theft, destruction or mutilation of any such certificate or the issuance of any such new certificate.
SECTION 8.5. Regulations. The Board may make such rules and regulations as it may deem expedient, concerning the issue, transfer and registration of certificates for stock of the Corporation.
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SECTION 8.6. Fixing Date for Determination of Stockholders of Record. In order that the Corporation may determine the stockholders entitled to notice of or to vote at any meeting of stockholders or any adjournment thereof, or to express consent to corporate action in writing without a meeting, or entitled to receive payment of any dividend or other distribution or allotment of any rights, or entitled to exercise any rights in respect of any change, conversion or exchange of stock or for the purpose of any other lawful action, the Board may fix, in advance, a record date, which shall not be more than 60 nor less than 10 days before the date of such meeting, nor more than 60 days prior to any other action. If no record date is fixed: (1) the record date for determining stockholders entitled to notice of or to vote at a meeting of stockholders shall be at the close of business on the day next preceding the day on which notice is given or, if notice is waived, at the close of business on the day next preceding the day on which the meeting is held; (2) the record date for determining stockholders entitled to express consent to corporate action in writing without a meeting, when no prior action by the Board is necessary, shall be the day on which the first written consent is expressed; (3) the record date for determining stockholders for any other purpose shall be at the close of business on the day on which the Board adopts the resolution relating thereto. A determination of stockholders entitled to notice of or to vote at a meeting of the stockholders shall apply to any adjournment of the meeting; provided, however, that the Board may fix a new record date for the adjourned meeting.
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ARTICLE IX
Seal
SECTION 9.1. Seal. The Corporate seal shall consist of a die bearing the full name of the Corporation in the outer circle and the legend “Corporate Seal 1991 Delaware” in the inner circle. This seal may be used by causing it or a facsimile thereof to be impressed or affixed or reproduced or otherwise.
ARTICLE X
Fiscal Year
SECTION 10.1 Fiscal Year. The fiscal year of the Corporation shall end on the Saturday closest to December 31 in each year, or such other date as the Board determines.
ARTICLE XI
Amendments
SECTION 11.1. Amendments. These By-laws may be amended, altered or repealed by the vote of a majority of the Board, subject to the power of the holders of 66 2/3 of the outstanding stock of the Corporation entitled to vote in respect thereof by their vote given at an annual meeting or at any special meeting, to amend, alter, or repeal any By-law made by the Board.
ARTICLE XII
Subject to Law
SECTION 12.1. Subject to Law. All provisions of these By-Laws are subject to requirements of applicable law and the Certificate of Incorporation of the Corporation.
ARTICLE XIII
Indemnification
SECTION 13.1. Power to Indemnify in Actions, Suits or Proceedings Other Than Those by or in the Right of the Corporation. Subject to Section 13.3 of this Article XIII, the Corporation shall indemnify and hold harmless, to the fullest extent permitted by applicable law, any person who is or was a party or is threatened to be made a party to any threatened, pending or completed action, suit or proceeding, whether civil, criminal, administrative or investigative (other than an action by or in the right of the Corporation) by reason of the fact that such person is or was a director, officer, employee or agent of the Corporation, or is or was serving at the request of the Corporation as a director, officer, employee or agent of another corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust, employee benefit plan or other enterprise, against expenses (including attorneys’ fees), judgments, fines and amounts paid in settlement actually and reasonably incurred by such person in connection with such action, suit or proceeding if such person acted in good faith and in a manner such person reasonably believed to be in or not opposed to the best interests of the Corporation, and, with respect to any criminal action or proceeding, had no reasonable cause to believe such person’s conduct was unlawful. The termination of any action, suit or proceeding by judgment, order, settlement, conviction, or upon a plea of nolo contendere or its equivalent, shall not, of itself, create a presumption that the person did not act in good faith and in a manner which such person reasonably believed to be in or not opposed to the best interests of the Corporation, or with respect to any criminal action or proceeding, that such person had reasonable cause to believe that such person’s conduct was unlawful.
SECTION 13.2. Power to Indemnify in Actions, Suits or Proceedings by or in the Right of the Corporation. Subject to Section 13.3 of this Article XIII, the Corporation shall indemnify and hold harmless, to the fullest extent permitted by applicable law, any person who is or was a party or is threatened to be made a party to any threatened, pending or completed action or suit by or in the right of the Corporation to produce a judgment in its favor by reason of the fact that he is or was a director or officer of the Corporation, or is or was a director or officer of the Corporation serving at the request of the Corporation as a director, officer, employee or agent of another corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust, employee benefit plan or other enterprise against expenses (including attorneys’ fees) actually and reasonably incurred by him in connection with the defense or settlement of such action or suit if he acted in good faith and in a manner he reasonably believed to be in or not opposed to the best interests of the Corporation; except that no indemnification shall be made in respect of any claim, issue or matter as to which such person shall have been adjudged to be liable to the Corporation unless and only to the extent that the Court of Chancery or the court in which such action or suit was brought shall determine upon application that, despite the adjudication of liability, in view of all the circumstances of the case, such person is fairly and reasonably entitled to indemnity for such expenses which the Court of Chancery or such other court shall deem proper.
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SECTION 13.3. Authorization of Indemnification. Any indemnification under this Article XIII (unless ordered by a court) shall be made by the Corporation only as authorized in the specific case upon a determination that indemnification of the director, officer, employee or agent is proper in the circumstances because he has met the applicable standard of conduct set forth in Section 13.1 or Section 13.2 of this Article XIII, as the case may be. Such determination shall be made (i) by the Board by a majority vote of a quorum consisting of directors who were not parties to such action, suit or proceeding, or (ii) by a committee of such directors designated by a majority vote of such directors even though less than a quorum, or (iii) if such a quorum is not obtainable, or, even if it is obtainable a quorum of disinterested directors so directs, by independent legal counsel in a written opinion, or (iv) by the stockholders. To the extent, however, that a director, officer, employee or agent of the Corporation has been successful on the merits or otherwise in defense of any action, suit or proceeding described above, or in defense of any claim, issue or matter therein, he shall be indemnified against expenses (including attorneys’ fees) actually and reasonably incurred by him in connection therewith, without the necessity of authorization in the specific case.
SECTION 13.4. Good Faith Defined. For purposes of any determination under Section 13.3 of this Article XIII, a person shall be deemed to have acted in good faith and in a manner such person reasonably believed to be in or not opposed to the best interests of the Corporation, or, with respect to any criminal action or proceeding, to have had no reasonable cause to believe such person’s conduct was unlawful, if such person’s action is based on the records or books of account of the Corporation or another enterprise, or on information supplied to such person by the officers of the Corporation or another enterprise in the course of their duties, or on the advice of legal counsel for the Corporation or another enterprise or on information or records given or reports made to the Corporation or another enterprise by an independent certified public accountant or by an appraiser or the expert selected with reasonable care by the Corporation or another enterprise. The term “another enterprise” as used in this Section 13.4 shall mean any other corporation or any partnership, joint venture, trust, employee benefit plan or other enterprise of which such person is or was serving at the request of the Corporation as a director, officer, employee or agent. The provisions of this Section 13.4 shall not be deemed to be exclusive or to limit in any way the circumstances in which a person may be deemed to have met the applicable standard of conduct set forth in Sections 13.1 or 13.2 of this Article XIII, as the case may be.
SECTION 13.5 Indemnification by a Court. Notwithstanding any contrary determination in the specific case under Section 13.3 of this Article XIII, and notwithstanding the absence of any determination thereunder, any director, officer, employee or agent may apply to any court of competent jurisdiction in the State of Delaware for indemnification to the extent otherwise permissible under Sections 13.1 and 13.2 of this Article XIII. The basis of such indemnification by a court shall be a determination by such court that indemnification of the director, officer, employee or agent is proper in the circumstances because such person has met the applicable standards of conduct set forth in Sections 13.1 or 13.2 of this Article XIII, as the case may be. Neither a contrary determination in the specific case under Section 13.3 of this Article XIII nor the absence of any determination thereunder shall be a defense to such application or create a presumption that the director, officer, employee or agent seeking indemnification has not met any applicable standard of conduct. Notice of any application for indemnification pursuant to this Section 13.5 shall be given to the Corporation promptly upon the filing of such application. If successful, in whole or in part, the director, officer, employee or agent seeking indemnification shall also be entitled to be paid the expenses of prosecuting such application.
SECTION 13.6. Expenses Payable in Advance. Expenses incurred by a director or officer in defending or investigating a threatened or pending action, suit or proceeding may be paid by the Corporation in advance of the final disposition of such action, suit or proceeding upon receipt of an undertaking by or on behalf of such director, officer, employee or agent to repay such amount if it shall ultimately be determined that such person is not entitled to be indemnified by the Corporation as authorized in this Article XIII.
SECTION 13.7. Nonexclusivity of Indemnification and Advancement of Expenses. The indemnification and advancement of expenses provided by or granted pursuant to this Article XIII shall not be deemed exclusive of any other rights to which those seeking indemnification or advancement of expenses may be entitled under any By-Law, agreement, contract, vote of stockholders or disinterested directors or pursuant to the direction (howsoever embodied) of any court of competent jurisdiction or otherwise, both as to action in their official capacity and as to action in another capacity while holding such office, it being the policy of the Corporation that indemnification of the persons specified in Sections 13.1 and 13.2 of this Article XIII shall be made to the fullest extent permitted by law. The provisions of this Article XIII shall not be deemed to preclude the indemnification of any person who is not specified in Section 13.1 or 13.2 of this Article XIII but whom the Corporation has the power or obligation to indemnify under the provisions of the Delaware General Corporation Law, or otherwise.
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SECTION 13.8. Insurance. The Corporation may purchase and maintain insurance on behalf of any person who is or was a director, officer, employee or agent of the Corporation, or is or was serving at the request of the Corporation as a director, officer, employee or agent of another corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust, employee benefit plan or other enterprise against any liability asserted against such person and incurred by such person in any such capacity, or arising out of such person’s status as such, whether or not the Corporation would have the power or the obligation to indemnify such person against such liability under the Delaware General Corporation Law or the provisions of this Article XIII.
SECTION 13.9. Certain Definitions. For purposes of this Article XIII references to “the Corporation” shall include, in addition to the resulting corporation, any constituent corporation (including any constituent of a constituent) absorbed in a consolidation or merger which, if its separate existence had continued, would have had power and authority to indemnify its directors, officers, employees or agents, so that any person who is or was a director, officer, employee or agent of such constituent corporation, or is or was serving at the request of such constituent corporation as a director, officer, employee or agent of another corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust, employee benefit plan or other enterprise, shall stand in the same position under the provisions of this Article XIII with respect to the resulting or surviving corporation as such person would have with respect to such constituent corporation if its separate existence had continued. For purposes of this Article XIII, references to “fines” shall include any excise taxes assessed on a person with respect to an employee benefit plan; and references to “serving at the request of the Corporation” shall include any service as a director, officer, employee or agent of the Corporation which imposes duties on, or involved services by, such director, officer, employee or agent with respect to an employee benefit plan, its participants or beneficiaries; and a person who acted in good faith and in a manner such person reasonably believed to be in the interest of the participants and beneficiaries of an employee benefit plan shall be deemed to have acted in a manner “not opposed to the best interests of the Corporation” as referred to in this Article XIII.
SECTION 13.10. Survival of Indemnification and Advancement of Expenses. The indemnification and advancement of expenses provided by, or granted pursuant to, this Article XIII shall, unless otherwise provided when authorized or ratified, continue as to a person who has ceased to be a director, officer, employee or agent and shall inure to the benefit of the heirs, executors and administrators of such a person.
SECTION 13.11. Limitation on Indemnification. Notwithstanding anything contained in this Article XIII to the contrary, except for proceedings to enforce rights to indemnification (which shall be governed by Section 13.5 hereof), the Corporation shall not be obligated to indemnify any director, officer, employee or agent in connection with a proceeding (or part thereof) initiated by such person unless such proceeding (or part thereof) was authorized or consented to by the Board.
ARTICLE XIV
Interested Directors
SECTION 14.1. Interested Directors; Quorum. No contract or transaction between the Corporation and one or more of its directors or officers, or between the Corporation and any other corporation, partnership, association, or other organization in which one or more of its directors or officers are directors or officers, or have a financial interest, shall be void or voidable solely for this reason, or solely because the director or officer is present at or participates in the meeting of the Board or committee thereof which authorizes the contract or transaction, or solely because his or their votes are counted for such purpose, if: (1) the material facts as to such person’s relationship or interest and as to the contract or transaction are disclosed or are known to the Board or the committee, and the Board or committee in good faith authorizes the contract or transaction by the affirmative votes of a majority of the disinterested directors, even though the disinterested directors be less than a quorum; or (2) the material facts as to such person’s relationship or interest and as to the contract or transaction are disclosed or are known to the stockholders entitled to vote thereon, and the contract or transaction is specifically approved in good faith by vote of the stockholders; or (3) the contract or transaction is fair as to the Corporation as of the time it is authorized, approved or ratified, by the Board, a committee thereof, or the stockholders. Common or interested directors may be counted in determining the presence of a quorum at a meeting of the Board or of a committee, which authorizes the contract or transaction.
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