Fair Value Measurements | 3. Fair Value Measurements The fair value of our financial instruments are estimates of the amounts that would be received if we were to sell an asset or pay to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date or exit price. The assets and liabilities are categorized and disclosed in one of the following three categories: Level 1 – based on quoted market prices in active markets for identical assets and liabilities; Level 2 – based on quoted market prices for similar assets and liabilities, using observable market-based inputs or unobservable market-based inputs corroborated by market data; and Level 3 – based on unobservable inputs using management’s best estimate and assumptions when inputs are unavailable. The following tables present the fair value of our financial instruments measured at fair value on a recurring basis by level within the valuation hierarchy. June 30, 2016 December 31, 2015 Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Total Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Total (In thousands) Financial assets: Money market funds $ 59,630 $ — $ — $ 59,630 $ 94,801 $ — $ — $ 94,801 Certificates of deposit — 75,000 — 75,000 — — — — Corporate securities — — — — — 1,469 — 1,469 Foreign currency hedge contracts — — — — — 2,802 — 2,802 Warrants — 339 695 1,034 — 984 — 984 Royalty rights - at fair value — — 339,338 339,338 — — 399,204 399,204 Total $ 59,630 $ 75,339 $ 340,033 $ 475,002 $ 94,801 $ 5,255 $ 399,204 $ 499,260 As of June 30, 2016, PDL held $75.0 million in a long-term certificate of deposit, which is designated as cash collateral for the letter of credit issued with respect to the first anniversary payment under the Noden Purchase Agreement described below. Except of the transfer of the long-term certificate of deposit into level 2, there have been no other transfers between levels during each of the three or six-month periods ended June 30, 2016 , and December 31, 2015 . The Company recognizes transfers between levels on the date of the event or change in circumstances that caused the transfer. Certificates of Deposit The fair value of the certificates of deposit is determined using quoted market prices for similar instruments and non-binding market prices that are corroborated by observable market data. Corporate Securities Corporate securities consist primarily of U.S. corporate equity holdings. The fair value of corporate securities is estimated using recently executed transactions or market quoted prices, where observable. Independent pricing sources are also used for valuation. Royalty Rights - At Fair Value Depomed Royalty Agreement On October 18, 2013, PDL entered into the Depomed Royalty Agreement, whereby the Company acquired the rights to receive royalties and milestones payable on sales of Type 2 diabetes products licensed by Depomed in exchange for a $240.5 million cash payment. Total arrangement consideration was $241.3 million , which was comprised of the $240.5 million cash payment to Depomed and $0.8 million in transaction costs. The rights acquired include Depomed’s royalty and milestone payments accruing from and after October 1, 2013: (a) from Santarus (which was subsequently acquired by Salix, which itself was recently acquired by Valeant Pharmaceuticals) with respect to sales of Glumetza (metformin HCL extended-release tablets) in the United States; (b) from Merck with respect to sales of Janumet ® XR (sitagliptin and metformin HCL extended-release tablets); (c) from Janssen Pharmaceutica N.V. with respect to potential future development milestones and sales of its investigational fixed-dose combination of Invokana ® (canagliflozin) and extended-release metformin tablets; (d) from Boehringer Ingelheim with respect to potential future development milestones and sales of the investigational fixed-dose combinations of drugs and extended-release metformin subject to Depomed’s license agreement with Boehringer Ingelheim; and (e) from LG Life Sciences and Valeant Pharmaceuticals for sales of extended-release metformin tablets in Korea and Canada, respectively. Under the terms of the Depomed Royalty Agreement, the Company receives all royalty and milestone payments due under license agreements between Depomed and its licensees until the Company has received payments equal to two times the cash payment it made to Depomed, after which all net payments received by Depomed will be shared evenly between the Company and Depomed. The Depomed Royalty Agreement terminates on the third anniversary following the date upon which the later of the following occurs: (a) October 25, 2021, or (b) at such time as no royalty payments remain payable under any license agreement and each of the license agreements has expired by its terms. As of June 30, 2016 , and December 31, 2015 , the Company determined that its royalty purchase interest in Depo DR Sub represented a variable interest in a variable interest entity. However, the Company does not have the power to direct the activities of Depo DR Sub that most significantly impact Depo DR Sub's economic performance and is not the primary beneficiary of Depo DR Sub; therefore, Depo DR Sub is not subject to consolidation by the Company. The financial asset acquired represents a single unit of accounting. The fair value of the financial asset acquired was determined by using a discounted cash flow analysis related to the expected future cash flows to be generated by each licensed product. This financial asset is classified as a Level 3 asset within the fair value hierarchy, as our valuation utilized significant unobservable inputs, including estimates as to the probability and timing of future commercialization for products not yet approved by the FDA or other regulatory agencies. The discounted cash flows are based upon expected royalties from sales of licensed products over a ten-year period. The discount rates utilized range from approximately 15% to 25% . Significant judgment is required in selecting appropriate discount rates. At June 30, 2016 , an evaluation was performed to assess those rates and general market conditions potentially affecting the fair market value. Should these discount rates increase or decrease by 2.5%, the fair value of the asset could decrease by $8.4 million or increase by $9.4 million, respectively. A third-party expert was engaged to help management develop its original estimate of the expected future cash flows. The estimated fair value of the asset is subject to variation should those cash flows vary significantly from those estimates. We periodically assess the expected future cash flows and to the extent such payments are greater or less than our initial estimates, or the timing of such payments is materially different than our original estimates, we will adjust the estimated fair value of the asset. Should the expected royalties increase or decrease by 2.5%, the fair value of the asset could increase by $3.4 million or decrease by $3.4 million, respectively. When PDL acquired the Depomed royalty rights, Glumetza was marketed by Santarus. In January 2014, Salix acquired Santarus and assumed responsibility for commercializing Glumetza, which was generally perceived to be a positive development because of Salix's larger sales force and track record in the successful commercialization of therapies. In late 2014, Salix made a number of disclosures relating to an excess of supply at the distribution level of Glumetza and other drugs that it commercialized, the practices leading to this excess of supply which were under review by Salix's audit committee in relation to the related accounting practices. Because of these disclosures and PDL's lack of direct access to information as to the levels of inventory of Glumetza in the distribution channels, PDL commenced a review of all public statements by Salix, publicly available historical third-party prescription data, analyst reports and other relevant data sources. PDL also engaged a third-party expert to specifically assess estimated inventory levels of Glumetza in the distribution channel and to ascertain the potential effects those inventory levels may have on expected future cash flows. Salix was acquired by Valeant Pharmaceuticals in early April 2015. In mid-2015, Valeant Pharmaceuticals implemented two price increases on Glumetza. At year-end 2015, a third-party expert was engaged by PDL to assess the impact of the Glumetza price adjustments and near-term market entrance of manufacturer of generic equivalents to Glumetza to the expected future cash flows. Based on the analysis performed, management revised the underlying assumptions used in the discounted cash flow analysis at year-end 2015. In February 2016, a manufacturer of generic equivalents to Glumetza entered the market. At March 31, 2016, management evaluated, with assistance of a third-party expert, the erosion of market share data, the gross-to-net revenue adjustment assumptions and Glumetza demand data. These data and assumptions are based on available but limited information. Our expected future cash flows at year-end 2015 anticipated a reduction in future cash flows of Glumetza as a result of the generic competition in 2016. However, based on the demand and supply data of Glumetza it appeared that the loss of market share progressed more rapidly than forecasted at year-end 2015. At the end of the second quarter in 2016, management re-evaluated, with the assistance of a third-party expert, the cash flow projections concluding that a further deterioration in the net pricing warranted revision of the assumptions used in the discounted cash flow model at June 30, 2016. As of June 30, 2016 , our discounted cash flow analysis reflects our expectations as to the amount and timing of future cash flows up to the valuation date. We continue to monitor whether the generic competition further affects sales of Glumetza and thus royalties on such sales paid to PDL. Due to the uncertainty around Valeant's marketing and pricing strategy, as well as the recent generic competition and limited historical demand data after generic market entrance, we may need to further reduce future cash flows in the event of more rapid reduction in market share of Glumetza or a further erosion in net pricing. PDL exercised its audit right under the Depomed Royalty Agreement with respect to the Glumetza royalties in January 2016 and expects to conclude the audit in the second half of 2016. In May 31, 2016, PDL obtained a notification indicating that the FDA approved Jentadueto XR for use in patients with type 2 diabetes. In June 2016, PDL received a $6.0 million FDA approval milestone. The product approval was earlier than initially expected, based on the FDA approval and expected product launch, PDL has adjusted the timing of future cash flows and discount rate used in the discounted cash flow model at June 30, 2016. As of June 30, 2016 , the fair value of the asset acquired as reported in our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet was $136.6 million and the maximum loss exposure was $136.6 million . VB Royalty Agreement On June 26, 2014, PDL entered into the VB Royalty Agreement, whereby VB conveyed to the Company the right to receive royalties payable on sales of a spinal implant that has received pre-market approval from the FDA, in exchange for a $15.5 million cash payment, less fees. The royalty rights acquired includes royalties accruing from and after April 1, 2014. Under the terms of the VB Royalty Agreement, the Company receives all royalty payments due to VB pursuant to certain technology transfer agreements between VB and Paradigm Spine until the Company has received payments equal to two and three tenths times the cash payment made to VB, after which all rights to receive royalties will be returned to VB. VB may repurchase the royalty right at any time on or before June 26, 2018, for a specified amount. The chief executive officer of Paradigm Spine is one of the owners of VB. The Paradigm Spine Credit Agreement and the VB Royalty Agreement were negotiated separately. The fair value of the royalty right at June 30, 2016 , was determined by using a discounted cash flow analysis related to the expected future cash flows to be received. This asset is classified as a Level 3 asset, as our valuation utilized significant unobservable inputs, including estimates as to the probability and timing of future sales of the licensed product. The discounted cash flow was based upon expected royalties from sales of licensed product over a ten-year period. The discount rate utilized was approximately 17.5% . Significant judgment is required in selecting the appropriate discount rate. Should this discount rate increase or decrease by 2.5%, the fair value of this asset could decrease by $1.3 million or increase by $1.5 million, respectively. Should the expected royalties increase or decrease by 2.5%, the fair value of the asset could increase by $0.4 million or decrease by $0.4 million, respectively. A third-party expert was engaged to assist management with the development of its estimate of the expected future cash flows, when deemed necessary. The fair value of the asset is subject to variation should those cash flows vary significantly from our estimates. At each reporting period, an evaluation is performed to assess those estimates, discount rates utilized and general market conditions affecting fair market value. As of June 30, 2016 , the fair value of the asset acquired as reported in our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet was $14.6 million and the maximum loss exposure was $14.6 million . U-M Royalty Agreement On November 6, 2014, PDL acquired a portion of all royalty payments of the U-M’s worldwide royalty interest in Cerdelga (eliglustat) for $65.6 million . Under the terms of the Michigan Royalty Agreement, PDL will receive 75% of all royalty payments due under U-M’s license agreement with Genzyme until expiration of the licensed patents, excluding any patent term extension. Cerdelga, an oral therapy for adult patients with Gaucher disease type 1, was developed by Genzyme, a Sanofi company. Cerdelga was approved in the United States on August 19, 2014, in the European Union on January 22, 2015, and in Japan in March 2015. In addition, marketing applications for Cerdelga are under review by other regulatory authorities. While marketing applications have been approved in the European Union and Japan, national pricing and reimbursement decisions are delayed in some countries. At June 30, 2016, a third party expert was engaged by PDL to assess the impact of the delayed pricing and reimbursement decisions to Cerdelga's expected future cash flows. Based on the analysis performed, management revised the underlying assumptions used in the discounted cash flow analysis at June 30, 2016. The fair value of the royalty right at June 30, 2016 , was determined by using a discounted cash flow analysis related to the expected future cash flows to be received. This asset is classified as a Level 3 asset, as our valuation utilized significant unobservable inputs, including estimates as to the probability and timing of future sales of the licensed product. The discounted cash flow was based upon expected royalties from sales of licensed product over a six-year period. The discount rate utilized was approximately 12.8% . Significant judgment is required in selecting the appropriate discount rate. Should this discount rate increase or decrease by 2.5%, the fair value of this asset could decrease by $5.0 million or increase by $5.6 million, respectively. Should the expected royalties increase or decrease by 2.5%, the fair value of the asset could increase by $1.6 million or decrease by $1.6 million, respectively. A third-party expert is engaged to assist management with the development of its estimate of the expected future cash flows, when deemed necessary. The fair value of the asset is subject to variation should those cash flows vary significantly from our estimates. An evaluation of those estimates, discount rates utilized and general market conditions affecting fair market value is performed in each reporting period. As of June 30, 2016 , the fair value of the asset acquired as reported in our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet was $64.0 million and the maximum loss exposure was $64.0 million . ARIAD Royalty Agreement On July 28, 2015, PDL entered into the ARIAD Royalty Agreement, whereby the Company acquired the rights to receive royalties payable from ARIAD's net revenues generated by the sale, distribution or other use of Iclusig ® (ponatinib), a cancer medicine for the treatment of adult patients with chronic myeloid leukemia, in exchange for up to $200.0 million in cash payments. The purchase price of $100.0 million is payable in two tranches of $50.0 million each, with the first tranche funded on the closing date and the second tranche to be funded on the first anniversary of the closing date. The ARIAD Royalty Agreement provided ARIAD with an option to draw up to an additional $100.0 million in up to two draws at any time between the six and 12 months after the closing date. ARIAD may repurchase the royalty rights at any time for a specified amount. Upon the occurrence of certain events, PDL has the right to require ARIAD to repurchase the royalty rights for a specified amount. Under the ARIAD Royalty Agreement, the Company has the right to a make-whole payment from ARIAD if the Company does not receive payments equal to or greater than the amounts funded on or prior to the fifth anniversary of each of the respective fundings. In such case, ARIAD will pay to the Company the difference between the amounts paid to such date by ARIAD (excluding any delinquent fee payments) and the amounts funded by the Company. PDL has elected the fair value option to account for the hybrid instrument in its entirety. Any embedded derivative shall not be separated from the host contract. Under the terms of the ARIAD Royalty Agreement, the Company receives royalty payments at a royalty rate ranging from 2.5% to 7.5% of Iclusig revenue until the first to occur of (i) repurchase of the royalty rights by ARIAD or (ii) December 31, 2033. The annual royalty payments shall not exceed $20.0 million in any fiscal year for the years ended December 31, 2015 through December 31, 2018. If Iclusig revenue does not meet certain agreed-upon projections on an annual basis, PDL is entitled to certain royalty payments from net revenue of another ARIAD product, brigatinib, up to the amount of the shortfall from the projections for the applicable year. On May 9, 2016, ARIAD entered into a share purchase agreement with Incyte, pursuant to which ARIAD agreed to sell to Incyte all of the outstanding shares of ARIAD Pharmaceuticals (Luxembourg) S.a.r.l., which is the parent company of ARIAD’s European subsidiaries responsible for the commercialization of Iclusig in the European Union and certain other countries. On May 9, 2016, the Company and ARIAD agreed to amend the ARIAD Royalty Agreement to, among other things, include in the Iclusig Net Revenues calculation payable to the Company by ARIAD under the ARIAD Royalty Agreement, net sales of Iclusig made by Incyte once it takes over ARIAD’s commercialization operations with respect to Iclusig in the European Union and certain other countries. In addition, the Company and ARIAD agreed to restructure future funding under the ARIAD Royalty Agreement such that ARIAD’s option to draw up to an additional $100.0 million between January and July of 2016 was reduced to a maximum amount of up to an additional $40.0 million , which will be funded at ARIAD’s option in July of 2017 upon 90 days’ written notice to the Company. The amendment to the ARIAD Royalty Agreement did not affect the Company’s obligation to fund the second tranche of $50.0 million on the first anniversary of the ARIAD Royalty Agreement, which was funded on July 28, 2016. The asset acquired pursuant to the ARIAD Royalty Agreement represents a single unit of accounting. The fair value of the royalty right at June 30, 2016 , was determined by using a discounted cash flow analysis related to the expected future cash flows to be received. This asset is classified as a Level 3 asset, as our valuation utilized significant unobservable inputs, including estimates as to the probability and timing of future sales of the licensed product. The discounted cash flow was based upon expected royalties from sales of licensed product over a six-year period. The discount rate utilized was approximately 10.0% . Significant judgment is required in selecting the appropriate discount rate. Should this discount rate increase or decrease by 2.5%, the fair value of this asset could decrease by $7.9 million or increase by $9.0 million, respectively. Should the expected royalties increase or decrease by 2.5%, the fair value of the asset could increase by $1.3 million or decrease by $1.3 million, respectively. A third-party expert is engaged to assist management with the development of its estimate of the expected future cash flows, when deemed necessary. The fair value of the asset is subject to variation should those cash flows vary significantly from our estimates. An evaluation of those estimates, discount rates utilized and general market conditions affecting fair market value is performed in each reporting period. As of June 30, 2016 , the fair value of the asset acquired as reported in our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet was $50.3 million and the maximum loss exposure was $50.3 million . AcelRx Royalty Agreement On September 18, 2015, PDL entered into the AcelRx Royalty Agreement with ARPI LLC, a wholly owned subsidiary of AcelRx, whereby the Company acquired the rights to receive a portion of the royalties and certain milestone payments on sales of Zalviso ™ (sufentanil sublingual tablet system) in the European Union, Switzerland and Australia by AcelRx's commercial partner, Grünenthal, in exchange for a $65.0 million cash payment. Under the terms of the AcelRx Royalty Agreement, the Company will receive 75% of all royalty payments and 80% of the first four commercial milestone payments due under AcelRx's license agreement with Grünenthal until the earlier to occur of (i) receipt by the Company of payments equal to three times the cash payments made to AcelRx and (ii) the expiration of the licensed patents. Zalviso received marketing approval by the European Commission in September 2015. Grüenthal launched Zalviso in the second quarter of 2016 and PDL expects to begin receiving royalties in the third quarter of 2016. As of June 30, 2016 , and December 31, 2015 , the Company determined that its royalty rights under the agreement with ARPI LLC represented a variable interest in a variable interest entity. However, the Company does not have the power to direct the activities of ARPI LLC that most significantly impact ARPI LLC's economic performance and is not the primary beneficiary of ARPI LLC; therefore, ARPI LLC is not subject to consolidation by the Company. The fair value of the royalty right at June 30, 2016 , was determined by using a discounted cash flow analysis related to the expected future cash flows to be received. This asset is classified as a Level 3 asset, as our valuation utilized significant unobservable inputs, including estimates as to the probability and timing of future sales of the licensed product. The discounted cash flow was based upon expected royalties from sales of licensed product over a fifteen-year period. The discount rate utilized was approximately 13.4% . Significant judgment is required in selecting the appropriate discount rate. Should this discount rate increase or decrease by 2.5%, the fair value of this asset could decrease by $10.2 million or increase by $12.7 million, respectively. Should the expected royalties increase or decrease by 2.5%, the fair value of the asset could increase by $1.8 million or decrease by $1.8 million, respectively . A third-party expert is engaged to assist management with the development of its estimate of the expected future cash flows, when deemed necessary. The fair value of the asset is subject to variation should those cash flows vary significantly from our estimates. At each reporting period, an evaluation of those estimates, discount rates utilized and general market conditions affecting fair market value is performed in each reporting period. As of June 30, 2016 , the fair value of the asset acquired as reported in our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet was $71.8 million and the maximum loss exposure was $71.8 million . Dr. Stephen Hoffman is the President of 10x Capital, Inc., a third-party consultant to the Company, and is also a member of the board of directors of AcelRx. Dr. Hoffman recused himself from the AcelRx board of directors with respect to the entirety of its discussions and considerations of the transaction. Dr. Hoffman is being compensated for his contribution to consummate this transaction by PDL as part of his consulting agreement. PDL concluded Dr. Hoffman is not considered a related party in accordance with FASB ASC 850, Related Party Disclosures and SEC Regulation S-X, Related Party Transactions Which Affect the Financial Statements . Avinger Credit and Royalty Agreement On April 18, 2013, PDL entered into the Avinger Credit and Royalty Agreement, under which we made available to Avinger up to $40.0 million (of which only $20.0 million was funded) to be used by Avinger in connection with the commercialization of its lumivascular catheter devices and the development of Avinger's lumivascular atherectomy device. On September 22, 2015, Avinger elected to prepay the note receivable in whole for a payment of $21.4 million in cash. Under the terms of the Avinger Credit and Royalty Agreement, the Company was entitled to receive royalties at a rate of 1.8% on Avinger's net revenues until the note receivable was repaid by Avinger. Upon the repayment of the note receivable, which occurred on September 22, 2015, the royalty rate was reduced to 0.9% subject to certain minimum payments from the prepayment date until April 2018. The Company has accounted for the royalty rights in accordance with the fair value option. The fair value of the royalty right at June 30, 2016 , was determined by using a discounted cash flow analysis related to the expected future cash flows to be received. This asset is classified as a Level 3 asset, as our valuation utilized significant unobservable inputs, including estimates as to the probability and timing of future sales of the licensed product. The discounted cash flow was based upon expected royalties from sales of licensed product over a two-year period. The discount rate utilized was approximately 15.0% . Significant judgment is required in selecting the appropriate discount rate. Should this discount rate increase or decrease by 5%, the fair value of this asset could decrease by $93,000 or increase by $103,000, respectively. Should the expected royalties increase or decrease by 5%, the fair value of the asset could increase by $105,000 or decrease by $105,000, respectively. Management considered the contractual minimum payments when developing its estimate of the expected future cash flows. The fair value of the asset is subject to variation should those cash flows vary significantly from our estimates. An evaluation of those estimates, discount rates utilized and general market conditions affecting fair market value is performed in each reporting period. As of June 30, 2016 , the fair value of the royalty asset as reported in our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet was $2.1 million and the maximum loss exposure was $2.1 million . The following tables summarize the changes in Level 3 assets and the gains and losses included in earnings for the six months ended June 30, 2016 : Fair Value Measurements Using Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) (in thousands) Royalty Rights Preferred Stock Warrants Fair value as of December 31, 2015 $ 399,204 $ — Fair value of financial instruments purchased — 797 Total net change in fair value for the period Change in fair value (27,957 ) (102 ) Proceeds (31,909 ) — Total net change in fair value for the period (59,866 ) (102 ) Fair value as of June 30, 2016 $ 339,338 $ 695 Gains and losses included in earnings for each period are presented in "Royalty rights - change in fair value" as follows: Three Months Ended Six Months Ended June 30, June 30, (in thousands) 2016 2015 2016 2015 Total change in fair value for the period included in earnings for assets held at the end of the reporting period $ (855 ) $ 12,216 $ (27,957 ) $ 23,578 The following tables present the fair value of assets and liabilities not subject to fair value recognition by level within the valuation hierarchy: June 30, 2016 December 31, 2015 Carrying Value Fair Value Level 2 Fair Value Level 3 Carrying Value Fair Value Level 2 Fair Value Level 3 (In thousands) Assets: Wellstat Diagnostics note receivable $ 50,191 $ — $ 52,468 $ 50,191 $ — $ 55,970 Hyperion note receivable 1,200 — 1,200 1,200 — 1,200 LENSAR note receivable 43,909 — 46,229 42,271 — 42,618 Direct Flow Medical note receivable 57,022 — 60,537 51,852 — 51,992 Paradigm Spine note receivable 54,332 — 54,450 53,973 — 54,250 kaléo note receivable 146,731 — 145,494 146,778 — 146,789 CareView note receivable 18,797 — 19,500 18,640 — 19,495 Total $ 372,182 $ — $ 379,878 $ 364,905 $ — $ 372,314 Liabilities: February 2018 Notes $ 232,847 $ 234,125 $ — $ 228,862 $ 197,946 $ — March 2015 Term Loan — — — 24,966 — 25,000 Total $ 232,847 $ 234,125 $ — $ 253,828 $ 197,946 $ 25,000 As of June 30, 2016 and December 31, 2015 , the estimated fair values of our Paradigm Spine note receivable, kaléo note receivable, Hyperion note receivable, Avinger note receivable, LENSAR note receivable, CareView note receivable and Direct Flow Medical note receivable were determined using one or more discounted cash flow models, incorporating expected payments and the interest rate extended on the notes receivable, with fixed interest rates and incorporating expected payments for notes receivable with a variable rate of return. When deemed necessary we engage a third-party valuation expert to assist in evaluating our investments and the related inputs needed for us to estimate the fair value of certain investments. We determined our notes receivable assets are Level 3 assets as our valuations utilized significant unobservable inputs, including estimates of future revenues, discount rates, expectations about settlement, terminal values and required yield. To provide support for the estimated fair value measurements, we considered forward-looking performance related to the investment and current measures associated with high yield indices, and reviewed the terms and yields of notes placed by specialty finance and venture firms both across industries and in similar sectors. The Wellstat Diagnostics Note Receivable and Credit Agreement, as amended and restated, is secured by substantially all assets and equity interests in Wellstat Diagnostics. In addition, the note is subject to a guaranty from the Wellstat Diagnostics Guarantors. The estimated fair value of the collateral assets was determined by using an asset approach and discounted cash flow model related to the underlying collateral and was adjusted to consider estimated costs to sell the assets. On June 30, 2016 , the carrying values of several of our notes receivable differed from their estimated fair value. This is the result of discount rates used when performing a discounted cash flow for fair value valuation purposes. We determined these notes receivable to be Level 3 assets, as our valuations utilized significant unobservable inputs, estimates of future revenues, expectations about settlement and required yield. To provide support for the fair value measurements, we considered forward-looking performance, and current measures associated with high yield and published indices, and reviewed the terms and yields of notes placed by specialty finance and venture firms both across industries and in a similar sector. The fair values of our convertible notes were determined using quoted market pricing or dealer quotes. Warrants Warrants consist primarily of purchased call options to buy U.S. corporate equity holdings and derivative assets acquired as part of note receivable investments. The fair value of the warrants is estimated using recently quoted market prices or estimated fair value of the underlying equity security and the Black-Scholes option pricing model. |