The following tables present our selected consolidated financial information as of the dates and for each of the periods indicated. This data is qualified in its entirety by reference to, and should be read together with, our audited year-end financial statements. The balance sheet data as of December 31, 2004 and 2005, and the income statement data for the years ended December 31, 2003, 2004 and 2005, are derived from the financial statements appearing elsewhere in this annual report. This data should also be read together with "Operating and Financial Review and Prospects."
Our financial statements have been prepared in accordance with Mexican GAAP, which differs in significant respects from U.S. GAAP. Note 17 to our financial statements appearing elsewhere in this annual report provides a description of the principal differences between Mexican GAAP and U.S. GAAP as they relate to us, and a reconciliation to U.S. GAAP of net income and other items for the years ended December 31, 2003, 2004 and 2005 and stockholders’ equity at December 31, 2003, 2004 and 2005. Any reconciliation to U.S. GAAP may reveal significant differences between our stockholders’ equity, net income and other items as reported under Mexican GAAP and U.S. GAAP. See "Risk Factors-Risk Factors Related to Mexico-Differences Between Mexican GAAP and U.S. GAAP May Have an Impact on the Presentation of Our Financial Information."
We report our investment in the Costco de Mexico Group joint venture under the proportional consolidation method of accounting by consolidating 50% of the operations of that joint venture in our financial statements.
The exchange rate used in translating Pesos into U.S. Dollars in calculating the convenience translations included in the following tables is determined by reference to the Interbank Rate, as reported by Banamex, as of December 31, 2005, which was Ps.10.627 per U.S. Dollar. The exchange rate translations contained in this annual report should not be construed as representations that the Peso amounts actually represent the U.S. Dollar amounts presented or that they could be converted into U.S. Dollars at the rate indicated.
| Year Ended December 31, |
| 2001 | 2002 | 2003 | 2004 | 2005 | 2005 |
| (Millions of constant Pesos as of December 31, 2005 and millions of U.S. Dollars, except for percentages) (1) |
Income Statement Data | | | | | | |
Mexican GAAP: | | | | | | |
Net sales................................................................. | Ps. 39,495 | Ps. 36,223 | Ps. 38,004 | Ps. 38,842 | Ps. 40,309 | U.S.$ 3,793 |
Gross profit............................................................ | 7,513 | 7,105 | 7,608 | 7,862 | 8,478 | 798 |
Selling, general and administrative expenses........... | 6,286 | 6,067 | 6,080 | 6,033 | 6,200 | 583 |
Operating income................................................... | 1,228 | 1,040 | 1,527 | 1,828 | 2,278 | 214 |
Integral results of financing ................................... | 11 | (67) | (203) | 182 | (621) | 58 |
Interest expense................................................. | (307) | (260) | (356) | (300) | (432) | (41) |
Interest income (2)............................................ | 66 | 49 | 46 | 79 | 64 | 6 |
Foreign-exchange (loss) gain, net....................... | 27 | (247) | (108) | (7) | (87) | 8 |
Loss from repurchase of notes............................ | - | (9) | (44) | - | - | - |
(Loss) gain from forward agreements.................. | (48) | 56 | - | 91) | (576) | (54) |
Gain from monetary position............................. | 273 | 344 | 259 | 319 | 236 | 22 |
Other (expense) income, net (3)............................ | (21) | 5 | 67 | (19) | (520) | 49 |
Provision for income taxes and employee statutory profit sharing..................................................... | 302 | 79 | 261 | 208 | 333 | 31 |
Interest of minority stockholders in results of subsidiaries.......................................................... | (9) | (7) | (8) | (8) | (13) | (1) |
Net income............................................................ | 906 | 892 | 1,122 | 1,775 | 1,832 | 172 |
Capital stock outstanding shares at end of period .. | 1,061,000 | 1,078,000 | 1,080,000 | 1,086,000 | 1,086,000 | |
Net income per B Unit and BC Unit(4).................. | 0.85 | 0.83 | 1.04 | 1.63 | 1.69 | 0.16 |
Net income per GDS (5)......................................... | 17.0 | 16.6 | 20.80 | 31.6 | 33.8 | 3.18 |
Dividends per B Unit and BC Unit.......................... | 0.107 | 0.107 | 0.107 | 0.1115 | 0.123 | 0.01 |
Dividends per GDS (5)............................................ | 2.14 | 2.14 | 2.14 | 2.23 | 2.46 | 0.23 |
Weighted average B Units and BC Units outstanding............................................................. | 1,061 | 1,078 | 1,080 | 1,086 | 1,086 | |
| | | | | | |
U.S. GAAP (6) (19): | | | | | | |
Net sales................................................................ | 33,140 | 29,514 | 30,844 | 31,016 | 31,922 | 3,006 |
Operating income .................................................. | - | - | 1,535 | 1,879 | 2,283 | 215 |
Net income............................................................ | 994 | 954 | 857 | 1,603 | 371 | 35 |
Net income per B Unit and BC Unit(4).................. | 0.94 | 0.88 | 0.79 | 1.48 | 0.34 | |
Net income per GDS (5)......................................... | 18.8 | 17.6 | 15.8 | 29.5 | 14.0 | |
| | | | | | |
Balance Sheet Data | | | | | | |
Mexican GAAP: | | | | | | |
Cash and temporary investments............................ | 1,416 | 970 | 1,325 | 1,291 | 1,621 | 153 |
Current assets......................................................... | 7,314 | 8,350 | 9,541 | 9,909 | 8,597 | 809 |
Property, equipment and leasehold and owned building improvements, net................................ | 17,567 | 17,329 | 17,933 | 18,918 | 20,574 | 1,936 |
Total assets............................................................ | 25,297 | 26,194 | 27,965 | 29,694 | 30,325 | 2,854 |
Short-term debt...................................................... | - | 178 | - | - | 319 | 30 |
Long-term debt...................................................... | 2,053 | 1,979 | 2,285 | 2,197 | 2,216 | 209 |
Total liabilities....................................................... | 12,365 | 12,812 | 13,723 | 14,019 | 13,571 | 1,277 |
Minority interest (7).............................................. | 99 | 94 | 101 | 100 | 106 | 10 |
Majority stockholders’ equity................................. | 12,833 | 13,288 | 14,141 | 15,575 | 16,648 | 1,567 |
| | | | | | |
U.S. GAAP (6) (19): | | | | | | |
Current assets ....................................................... | - | - | - | 10,389 | 9,708 | 914 |
Total assets............................................................ | 24,326 | 25,353 | 26,815 | 31,265 | 32,053 | 3,016 |
Current liabilities | - | - | - | 11,239 | 9,651 | 908 |
Total liabilities....................................................... | 11,871 | 12,382 | 13,209 | 16,299 | 16,908 | 1,591 |
Stockholders’ equity............................................... | 12,434 | 12,957 | 13,605 | 14,866 | 15,039 | 1,415 |
| | | | | | |
Other Data | | | | | | |
Mexican GAAP | | | | | | |
Net income............................................................ | 906 | 892 | 1,122 | 1,775 | 1,832 | 172 |
Net income as a percentage of net sales.................. | 2.3% | 2.5% | 3.0% | 4.6% | 4.5% | |
Depreciation and amortization............................... | 816 | 819 | 736 | 702 | 711 | 67 |
Capital expenditures (8)......................................... | 1,362 | 839 | 1,670 | 2,104 | 2,684 | 253 |
Total debt/capitalization (9)................................... | 0.18 | 0.18 | 0.17 | 0.14 | 0.15 | |
Working capital (10).............................................. | 181 | (22) | 374 | 471 | (457) | (43) |
| | | | | | |
Operating Information | | | | | | |
Store Information (11): | | | | | | |
Food sales (12)....................................................... | 63.3% | 64.9% | 66.3% | 68.9% | 66.8% | |
Non-food sales (12)................................................ | 36.7% | 35.1% | 33.7% | 31.1% | 33.2% | |
Average annual sales per store (millions) (13)......... | Ps. 262 | Ps. 249 | Ps. 256 | Ps. 253 | Ps. 251 | |
Sales per retail square foot (thousands) (13)............ | Ps. 3.73 | Ps. 3.73 | Ps. 3.47 | Ps. 3.39 | Ps. 3.13 | |
Sales per operating employee (thousands) (13) (14). | Ps. 1,651 | Ps. 1,513 | Ps. 1,572 | Ps. 1,619 | Ps. 1,614 | |
Same store sales growth (15)................................... | (3.3)% | (10.3)% | 0.3% | (0.1)% | 0.5% | |
Stores: | | | | | | |
Operating at end of period............................... | 172 | 170 | 175 | 181 | 191 | |
Opened during period...................................... | 7 | 3 | 8 | 8 | 15 | |
Closed during period ....................................... | 2 | 5 | 3 | 2 | 5 | |
Remodeled during period (16).......................... | 14 | 12 | 9 | 9 | 12 | |
Total retail square feet at end of period (thousands) (17) ....................................................................... | 11,998 | 12,098 | 13,037 | 13,551 | 14,472 | |
Number of employees (at end of period) (18)......... | 31,955 | 32,993 | 33,557 | 33,763 | 35,837 | |
_________________
(1) Except operating information, percentages and ratios.
(2) Interest income includes our income from interest-bearing temporary investments
(3) Other (expense) income, net consists of amortization of negative goodwill from our acquisition of the Mexican operations of Auchan, S.A. in February 2003 and the write-off of certain fixed assets. For the year ended December 31, 2001, also includes gain on sale of marketable securities. For the years 2004 of Ps.217.9 million and year 2005 of Ps.243.9 million consisted of amortization of negative goodwill from our acquisition of the Mexican operations of Auchan S.A.
(4) Computed by dividing the net income for the year by the weighted average B Units and BC Units outstanding.
(5) Each GDS represents 20 BC units. See "Major Shareholders and Related Party Transactions - Capital Stock."
(6) For a description of the principal differences between Mexican GAAP and U.S. GAAP, see Note 17 to our financial statements.
(7) Consists of interests held by minority stockholders in our subsidiary that manufactures plastic bags and certain of our subsidiaries that own shopping centers.
(8) Capital expenditures for all periods include amounts contributed by us to the Costco de Mexico Group joint venture but exclude amounts contributed to the joint venture by Costco.
(9) Total debt/capitalization is determined by dividing the sum of short term debt and long term debt by stockholders’ equity.
(10) Working capital is current assets minus current liabilities.
(11) Except as otherwise indicated, store information relates to all of our stores, including those operated through the Costco de Mexico Group joint venture (calculated on the basis of 100% of the amounts attributable to the Costco membership warehouses). The information does not include our restaurants.
(12) Food sales include sales of basic groceries and perishables. Non-food sales include sales of general merchandise and clothing. In each case, this information is presented as a percentage of net sales of our stores. For this purpose, sales include only the net sales from the Costco de Mexico Group joint venture that are included in our operating results.
(13) In computing sales per retail square foot for a period, we divide total store sales for the full period by the aggregate retail square footage at the end of such period. Accordingly, stores that are opened for less than the full period have the effect of decreasing store sales per retail square foot, and stores that are closed prior to the end of the full period have the opposite effect. Similarly, in computing average annual sales per store, we divide total store sales for the full period by the number of stores at the end of the period, and in computing sales per operating employee, we divide total store sales for the full period by the number of operating employees at the end of the period.
(14) Takes into account all employees at our stores, including Costco membership warehouses and distribution centers but excludes administrative employees and restaurant employees.
(15) See "Operating and Financial Review and Prospects" for the calculation of same store sales.
(16) Includes conversions of stores from one format to another format.
(17) Retail square footage means the square footage of space in our stores from the cash registers (including accompanying displays) to the back of our stores (excluding any warehouse space). Space for cashiers constituted approximately 8.5% of the total selling area of our stores at December 31, 2005.
(18) Takes into account all employees at our stores, including Costco membership warehouses, restaurants and distribution centers as well as our administrative employees.
(19) For U.S. GAAP purposes, CCM has adopted to avail itself the SEC accommodation to omit reconciling differences related to the classification or display and instead provides summarized footnote disclosure of the amounts proportionally consolidated. See note 17 to the financial statements.
Dividends
Our shares are currently held in B Units and in BC Units. Each B Unit consists of four B Shares and each BC Unit consists of three B Shares and one C Share. The table below sets forth the nominal amount of dividends per B Unit and BC Unit paid in April of each year indicated. Peso amounts have been translated into U.S. Dollars at the exchange rate on each of the respective payment dates.
We paid aggregate dividends of Ps.128.8 million in 2003, Ps.129.4 million in 2004, Ps.138.0 million in 2005 and Ps.149.6 million in 2006. Our current policy is to pay annual aggregate dividends of between U.S.$12.0 million and U.S.$15.0 million.
During our annual shareholders’ meeting on April 6, 2006 our shareholders approved a dividend of Ps.0.138 for each BC Unit, in a single payment, which was made to holders of record on April 18, 2006.
In respect of | Dividend In nominal Pesos per B and BC Unit | Dividend In dollars per B and BC Unit |
| |
2002 | Ps. 0.107 | U.S. 0.00980 |
2003 | Ps. 0.107 | U.S. 0.01112 |
2004 | Ps. 0.1115 | U.S. 0.01252 |
2005 | Ps. 0.123 | U.S. 0.01372 |
2006 | Ps. 0.138 | U.S. 0.01467 |
Exchange Rate Information
Mexico has had a free market for foreign exchange since November 1991 and the Mexican government allows the Peso to float freely against the U.S. Dollar. There can be no assurance that the government will maintain its current policies with regard to the Peso or that the Peso will not further depreciate or appreciate significantly in the future.
The following table sets forth, for the periods indicated, the high, low, average and period-end noon buying rate in New York City for cable transfers in Pesos published by the Federal Reserve Bank of New York, expressed in Pesos per U.S. Dollar. The rates have not been restated in constant currency units and therefore represent nominal historical figures.
| High | Low | Average(1) | Period End |
Period | | | | |
2000................................................................................. | 10.09 | 9.18 | 9.47 | 9.62 |
2001................................................................................. | 9.97 | 8.95 | 9.33 | 9.16 |
2002................................................................................. | 10.42 | 9.00 | 9.75 | 10.42 |
2003................................................................................. | 11.41 | 10.11 | 10.80 | 11.24 |
2004................................................................................. | 11.63 | 10.80 | 11.31 | 11.15 |
2005................................................................................. | 11.41 | 10.41 | 10.94 | 10.63 |
2006: | | | | |
January................................................................ | 10.64 | 10.44 | 10.54 | 10.44 |
February.............................................................. | 10.53 | 10.43 | 10.45 | 10.45 |
March................................................................. | 10.95 | 10.46 | 10.75 | 10.90 |
April.................................................................... | 11.16 | 10.86 | 11.05 | 11.09 |
May..................................................................... | 11.30 | 10.84 | 11.09 | 11.29 |
June.................................................................... | 11.48 | 11.24 | 11.40 | 11.34 |
July (through July 14, 2006)................................. | 11.25 | 10.98 | 11.05 | 10.98 |
______________
(1) Average of month-end rates.
The Mexican economy has suffered balance of payment deficits and shortages in foreign exchange reserves in the past. While the Mexican government has not restricted for more than ten years the ability of Mexican or foreign persons or entities to convert Pesos to U.S. Dollars, we cannot assure you that the Mexican government will not institute restrictive exchange control policies in the future. To the extent that the Mexican government institutes restrictive exchange control policies in the future, our ability to transfer or to convert Pesos into U.S. Dollars and other currencies for the purpose of making timely payments of interest and principal of indebtedness, including the notes, as well as to obtain imported goods would be adversely affected. See "-Risk Factors-Risk Factors Related to Mexico-Currency Fluctuations or the Devaluation and Depreciation of the Peso Could Limit Our Ability to Convert Pesos into U.S. Dollars or into Other Currencies, Which Could Adversely Affect Our Business, Financial Condition or Results of Operations."
On July 14, 2006, the noon buying rate was Ps. 10.98 To U.S $1.00.
Risk Factors
The following is a discussion of risks associated with our Company and an investment in our securities. Some of the risks of investing in our securities are specific to our business. Other risks are general risks associated with doing business in Mexico. The discussion below contains information about the Mexican government and the Mexican economy obtained from public sources. We have not independently verified this information. Any of the following risks, if they actually occur, could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition, results of operations or the price of our securities.
Risk Factors Related to Our Business
We Participate in a Very Competitive Market and Increased Competition May Adversely Affect Our Business
The retail industry in Mexico is characterized by intense competition and increasing pressure on profit margins. The number and type of competitors and the degree of competition experienced by individual stores vary by location. Competition occurs principally on the basis of price and, to a lesser extent, location, selection of merchandise, quality of merchandise (in particular perishables), service, store conditions and promotions. We face strong competition from other national and international operators of supermarket and retail stores, including Walmex, Soriana, Chedraui (which acquired in 2005, 29 Carrefour stores), Gigante and other U.S. and international retailers. The Costco membership warehouses also face competition from Sam’s Club, a self-service warehouse club owned by Walmex. Additional U.S. and international retailers may enter the market in Mexico in the future either through joint ventures or directly. One of our competitors, Walmex, is affiliated with a large multinational retailer with significant financial resources. We also compete with numerous local and regional supermarkets and self-service store chains, as well as small, family-owned neighborhood stores and street markets, in each region in which we do business. In addition, several of our stores, which are located in the same shopping areas, compete with each other. The restaurant business in Mexico is also highly competitive. Restaurantes California competes with numerous regional and national fast-food restaurant chains, local restaurants and prepared food establishments and street markets. We face strong competition from various U.S. fast-food restaurant chains, including McDonalds, Burger King, Kentucky Fried Chicken, Dominos Pizza and Pizza Hut. There can be no assurance that our performance will not be adversely affected by increased competition, whether resulting from the competitors described above or others. See "Information on the Company-Business Overview."
Other leading Mexican retailers, including Walmex and Soriana, are better capitalized than we are and have greater market share than we have as measured by net sales in 2005. Walmex has a pricing strategy of "Every Day Low Prices," which in recent years has increased the pressure on our operating margins and compelled us to lower the prices of certain of our products. Recently, Walmex announced an aggressive expansion plan which involves opening an additional 81 stores across Mexico in 2006. Other competitors have also announced expansion and modernization plans. These actions by our competitors are likely to cause us to respond by adopting more aggressive pricing policies at affected store locations and by implementing our growth strategy more rapidly. As Walmex and other retailers currently in the market in Mexico expand their operations, and as other U.S. and international retailers enter the market in Mexico, competition will continue to intensify and may adversely impact our performance.
Our Growth Strategy Is Dependent Upon the Continued Improvement of the Mexican Economy and Generating Positive Cash Flow
A major component of our future growth is expected to come from adding new stores (including Costco membership warehouses) and restaurants and remodeling our existing stores and restaurants. Our ability to carry out our expansion and remodeling plans and our returns on our investment in expansion and remodeling are dependent to a significant extent on the continued improvement of Mexico’s economic performance and our ability to generate positive cash flow given the Mexican economy. The Mexican economy has suffered severe downturns in the past and may do so in the future. See "-Risk Factors Related to Mexico-Mexico Has Experienced Adverse Economic Conditions." There can be no assurance that we will be able to open or remodel the number of stores (including Costco membership warehouses) and restaurants currently intended, whether because of economic conditions, availability of funds to make capital expenditures, availability of suitable and affordable sites, the ability to attract and retain certain qualified employees or otherwise. See "Operating and Financial Review and Prospects" and "Information on the Company-Business Overview."
Implementation of Our Expansion Program Presents Additional Risks
The growth in our net sales and net income depends to a substantial degree on our expansion program. Successful execution of our expansion program is dependent upon a number of factors, including our hiring and training of qualified personnel, the level of existing and future competition in areas where new stores are to be located, the availability of additional capital, our ability to locate new store and restaurant sites on acceptable terms, our ability to execute our retail concepts successfully in new markets and favorable financial market and macroeconomic conditions in Mexico. We plan to open new stores and restaurants both in areas in which we already operate and in new areas in Mexico. We cannot assure you that our new store and restaurant openings will not result in diversion of sales from our existing operations, and we may be unable to locate sufficient properties to support our expansion plans. Zoning restrictions, permit requirements and other regulations restricting the construction of buildings of the type in which we operate our various formats may also affect our ability to open new stores and restaurants.
If we are unable to open new stores and restaurants, our financial performance could be adversely affected. In addition, if consumers in the markets into which we expand are not receptive to our retail concepts, our financial performance could be adversely affected.
Our Joint Venture With Costco Is Jointly Controlled and Is Subject to Termination in Certain Circumstances
The Costco de Mexico Group joint venture is managed, on a day-to-day basis, by officers appointed by Costco and approved by us pursuant to certain management agreements between us, Costco and the Costco de Mexico Group joint venture. The affirmative vote of a majority of the entire board of directors of the joint venture is required to approve certain significant decisions regarding the joint venture, including some revisions to the joint venture business plan, entering into significant contracts, incurring significant indebtedness not provided for in the business plan, the removal of any management personnel, the election of officers and certain transfers of ownership interests in the joint venture. Furthermore, some significant decisions also require the approval of both members of an executive committee, which consists of our chief executive officer and the chief executive officer of Costco. Accordingly, although we expect Costco membership warehouses to be an important part of our future growth, we do not have sole control over the growth and operation of the Costco membership warehouse format. In addition, the Costco de Mexico Group joint venture is subject to termination under some circumstances. See "Information on the Company-Business Overview-Retail Store Formats-Membership Warehouse Stores."
Our Operations Are Highly Concentrated in the Mexico City Metropolitan Area and in the Central Region
Although we operate nationwide, our principal properties and operations are concentrated in the two most populated areas of Mexico, the Mexico City metropolitan area and the Central Region. At December 31, 2005, our stores located in those areas accounted for approximately 72.0% of our total retail square feet and 80.3% of our net sales for the year ended December 31, 2005. Our restaurants located in those areas accounted for approximately 1.6% of our net sales from restaurant sales for the year ended December 31, 2005. Although we own stores and restaurants, and expect to develop or acquire additional stores and restaurants, outside of the Mexico City metropolitan area and the Central Region, we expect to continue to depend to a very large extent on economic conditions in those areas. Therefore, an economic downturn in those areas could have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. In addition, in the Mexico City metropolitan area, there is very limited availability of sites to acquire or lease for additional stores. As competition intensifies, it will become increasingly difficult to locate sufficient sites to support our expansion plans. If we are unable to locate sufficient sites, we will be unable to implement our expansion plans and our financial performance could be adversely affected.
Our Acquisition of the Mexican Operations of Auchan Is Dependent on Payment of the Purchase Price Due and Failure to Pay Will Result in Forfeiture of Auchan Properties and All Amounts Paid
In February 2003, we acquired Auchan’s operations in Mexico, consisting of five hypermarket stores located in the Central Region. We now operate these stores under the Mega format. The purchase price for this acquisition consists of six installment payments. We paid U.S.$15.0 million in 2003, U.S.$20.0 million in 2004, U.S.$25 million in 2005 and U.S.$20 million in 2006. We are required to make additional payments of U.S.$20.0 million in each of 2007 and 2008. The stock of the Mexican corporations that hold the fixed assets of these stores are presently held in an escrow. The stock will not be released from this escrow, and we will not acquire title to the stock, until the purchase price is paid in full to the sellers. If we do not pay the purchase price in full when due, we will not obtain title to the stock and will have no right to be repaid the amounts we previously paid to Auchan. In addition, there are certain restrictive covenants that limit the operations of the business until the purchase price is paid to the seller. See "Information on the Company-Business Overview-New Initiatives-Acquisition of Auchan’s Mexican Operations."
Our Markets Are Undergoing Rapid Consolidation
Over the last several years, the retail sector in Mexico has been undergoing consolidation as large retail chains have gained market share at the expense of small, independently owned and operated stores. Recently, Walmex announced an aggressive expansion plan which involves opening an additional 81 stores across Mexico in 2006. We believe that further consolidation will likely occur as competition intensifies and economies of scale become increasingly important. Future consolidation may occur rapidly and materially alter the current competitive situation in Mexico. Walmex and Soriana are larger and better capitalized than we are and as a result are likely to be better positioned than we are to take advantage of strategic acquisition and consolidation opportunities. There can be no assurance that any further market consolidation will not be detrimental to our market position or will not materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Compliance with new rules and regulations concerning corporate governance may be costly, time consuming, and difficult to achieve, which could harm our operating results and business.
Changing laws, regulations and standards relating to corporate governance and public disclosure, including the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 and related regulations implemented by the SEC and the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board, or PCAOB, are creating uncertainty for public companies, increasing legal and financial compliance costs and making some activities more time consuming. We will be evaluating our internal control over financial reporting to allow management to report on, and our registered independent public accounting firm to attest to, our internal controls over financial reporting. We will be performing the system and process evaluation and testing (and any necessary remediation) required to comply with the management certification and auditor attestation requirements of Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, which we are required to comply within our annual report which we will file in 2007 for our 2006 fiscal year. As a result, we expect to incur substantial additional expenses and diversion of management’s time. While we anticipate being able to fully implement the requirements relating to internal controls and all other aspects of Section 404 by our deadline, we cannot be certain as to the timing of completion of our evaluation, testing and any remediation actions or the impact of the same on our operations since there is presently no precedent available by which to measure compliance adequacy. If we are not able to implement the requirements of Section 404 in a timely manner or with adequate compliance, we might be subject to sanctions or investigation by regulatory authorities such as the SEC or the PCAOB. Any such action could adversely affect our financial results or investors’ confidence in our company and could cause the price of our securities to fall. In addition, if we fail to develop and maintain effective controls and procedures, we may be unable to provide the financial information in a timely and reliable manner.
Risk Factors Related to Mexico
Economic and Political Developments in Mexico Could Affect Mexican Economic Policy and Our Business, Financial Condition And Results Of Operations
CCM is a Mexican corporation and all of its operations and assets are located in Mexico. As a result, our business, financial condition and results of operations may be affected by the general condition of the Mexican economy, the devaluation of the Peso as compared to the U.S. Dollar, price instability, inflation, interest rates, regulation, taxation, social instability and other political, social and economic developments in or affecting Mexico over which we have no control.
The Mexican government has exercised, and continues to exercise, significant influence over the Mexican economy. Mexican governmental actions concerning the economy and state-owned enterprises could have a significant effect on Mexican private sector entities in general, and us in particular, and on market conditions, prices and returns on Mexican securities, including our securities.
Although the Mexican economy has exhibited signs of improvement, general economic sluggishness continues. This continuing sluggishness in the Mexican economy, combined with recent political events, has slowed economic reform and progress.
Presidential and federal congress elections in Mexico were held on July 2, 2006 and Felipe Calderon, a member of the incumbent political party, was elected in a highly contested election. Controversies sourrounding the election could lead to further friction among political parties and the executive branch officers, which could potentially cause additional political and economic instability. Additionally, as a result of the election of Felipe Calderon and new representatives to congress, there could be significant changes in laws, public policies and government programs, which could have a material adverse effect on the Mexican economic and political situation which, in turn may adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.
National politicians are currently focused on the 2006 election controversies and crucial reforms regarding fiscal and labor policies, gas, electricity, social security and oil have not been and may not be approved. The effects on the social and political situation in Mexico, including the 2006 presidential elections and presidential succession, could adversely affect the Mexican economy, including the stability of its currency, which in turn could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations, as well as market conditions and prices for our securities.
Mexico Has Experienced Adverse Economic Conditions
Mexico has historically experienced uneven periods of economic growth. In 2001, Mexico’s gross domestic product, or GDP, decreased 0.3% primarily as a result of the downturn in the U.S. economy. Mexican GDP increased 0.9% in 2002, 1.3% in 2003, 4.4% in 2004, 3.0% in 2005 and 4.1% in the first quarter 2006. GDP growth fell short of Mexican government estimates in 2005.
If the Mexican economy should fall into a recession, our business, financial condition and results of operations may be adversely affected.
Developments in Other Emerging Market Countries or in the United States May Affect Us and the Prices for our Debt Securities
The market value of securities of Mexican companies, the economic and political situation in Mexico and our financial condition and results of operations are, to varying degrees, affected by economic and market conditions in other emerging market countries and in the United States. Although economic conditions in other emerging market countries and in the United States may differ significantly from economic conditions in Mexico, investors’ reactions to developments in any of these other countries may have an adverse effect on the market value or trading price of securities of Mexican issuers, including our debt securities, or in our business.
In particular, Argentina’s continued insolvency and default on its public debt could adversely affect Mexico, the market value of our debt securities or our business. Although a majority of the foreign holders of Argentina’s indebtedness have agreed to exchange their securities in connection with Argentina’s restructuring, holders of a substantial amount of the country’s indebtedness have refused such exchange. To the extent that the Argentine government is unsuccessful in preventing further economic decline, the crisis may also adversely affect Mexico, the price of our securities or our business.
In addition, the political and economic future of Venezuela remains uncertain. A nationwide general strike that occurred between December 2002 and January 2003 caused a significant reduction in oil production in Venezuela, and has had a material adverse effect on Venezuela’s oil-dependent economy. In February 2003, Venezuelan authorities imposed foreign exchange and price controls on specified products. Inflation continues to grow despite price controls and the political and economic environment has continued to deteriorate. Venezuela has experienced increasing social instability and massive public demonstrations against President Chavez. We cannot predict what effect, if any, the decisions of the Venezuelan government will have on the economies of other emerging market countries, including Mexico, the price of our debt securities or our business.
Brazil has also not achieved institutional and economic stability and political crises in Brazil in the past have affected the development of its economy. For example, Brazil has historically experienced extremely high rates of inflation, including rates as high as 5,000 percent a year during the late 1980s. Inflation and certain of the Brazilian government’s measures taken in the attempt to curb inflation have had significant negative effects on the Brazilian economy. The Brazilian government’s actions to control inflation and affect other policies have often involved wage and price controls, currency devaluations, capital controls, and limits on imports, among other things. Uncertainty as to future government policies may contribute to an increase in the volatility the Brazilian economy. The Brazilian economy grew 2.3% in 2005, 4.9% in 2004 and 0.5% in 2003. Due to the limited economic growth in recent years, it is not certain whether the current economic policy will prevail.
Our operations, including demand for our products or services, and the price of our debt securities, have also historically been adversely affected by increases in interest rates in the United States and elsewhere. The U.S. Federal Reserve Bank has signaled that it will continue implementing "measured" increases in interest rates in 2005. As interest rates rise, the prices of our debt securities may fall.
Military Operations in Iraq and Elsewhere Have Negatively Affected Industry and Economic Conditions Globally, and These Conditions Have Had, and May Continue to Have, a Negative Effect on Our Business
Military operations in Iraq have depressed economic activity in the United States and globally, including the Mexican economy. Since the invasion of Iraq, there have been terrorist attacks abroad, like the terrorist attacks in Madrid on March 11, 2004, as well as ongoing threats of future terrorist attacks in the United States and abroad. Although it is not possible at this time to determine the long-term effect of these terrorist threats and attacks and the consequent response by the United States, there can be no assurance that there will not be other attacks or threats in the United States or abroad that will lead to a further economic contraction in the United States or any other major markets. In the short term, however, terrorist activity against the United States and the U.S. military operations in Iraq have contributed to the uncertainty of the stability of the U.S. economy as well as global capital markets. It is not certain how long these economic conditions will continue. If terrorist attacks continue or become more prevalent or serious, if the economic conditions in the United States decline or if a global recession materializes, our business, financial condition and results of operations may be materially and adversely affected.
Currency Fluctuations or the Devaluation and Depreciation of the Peso Could Limit Our Ability to Convert Pesos into U.S. Dollars or into Other Currencies, Which Could Adversely Affect Our Business, Financial Condition or Results of Operations
A substantial portion of our indebtedness is U.S. Dollar-denominated. In addition, some of our costs, principally the costs of products from international suppliers, are U.S. Dollar and other foreign currency denominated. However, all of our revenues are Peso-denominated. As a result, decreases in the value of the Peso against the U.S. Dollar and other foreign currencies could cause us to incur foreign exchange losses, which would adversely affect our financial condition and reduce our net income.
Severe devaluation or depreciation of the Peso may also result in governmental intervention, as has resulted in Argentina, or disruption of international foreign exchange markets. This may adversely affect our ability to transfer or convert Pesos into U.S. Dollars for the purpose of making timely payments of interest and principal on our indebtedness and may adversely affect our ability to transfer or convert Pesos into U.S. Dollars and other currencies to obtain imported goods. The Mexican economy has suffered balance of payment deficits and shortages in foreign exchange reserves in the past. While the Mexican government has not restricted for more than ten years the ability of Mexican or foreign persons or entities to convert Pesos to U.S. Dollars, we cannot assure you that the Mexican government will not institute restrictive exchange control policies in the future. To the extent that the Mexican government institutes restrictive exchange control policies in the future, our ability to transfer or to convert Pesos into U.S. Dollars and other currencies for the purpose of making timely payments of interest and principal of indebtedness, including the notes, as well as to obtain imported goods would be adversely affected. Devaluation or depreciation of the Peso against the U.S. Dollar or other currencies may also adversely affect U.S. Dollar or other currency prices for our debt securities or the cost of imported goods.
High Inflation Rates in Mexico May Adversely Affect Our Results of Operations and Financial Condition
Mexico historically has experienced high levels of inflation, although the rates have been lower in recent years. The annual rate of inflation, as measured by changes in the NCPI, was 4.4% in 2001, 5.7% for 2002, 4.0% for 2003, 5.2% for 2004 and 3.3% in 2005. Mexico’s current level of inflation remains higher than the annual inflation rates of its main trading partners. High inflation rates can adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations in the following ways:
- inflation can adversely affect consumer purchasing power, thereby adversely affecting consumer demand for our products and services; and
- to the extent inflation exceeds our price increases, our prices and revenues will be adversely affected in "real" terms.
High Interest Rates in Mexico Could Increase Our Financing Costs
Mexico historically has had, and may continue to have, high interest rates. The interest rates on 28-day Mexican government treasury securities averaged 7.1% for 2002, 6.2% for 2003, 6.8% for 2004 and 8.0% in 2005. Accordingly, if we have to incur Peso-denominated debt in the future, it will likely be at higher interest rates. High interest rates in Mexico could increase our financing costs and thereby impair our financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.
Mexican Antitrust Laws May Limit Our Ability to Expand Through Acquisitions or Joint Ventures
Mexico’s federal antitrust laws and regulations may affect some of our activities, including our ability to introduce new products and services, to enter into new or complementary businesses or joint ventures and to complete acquisitions. In addition, the federal antitrust laws and regulations may adversely affect our ability to determine the rates we charge for our services and products. Approval of the Comisión Federal de Competencia, or Mexican Antitrust Commission, is required for us to acquire and sell significant businesses or to enter into significant joint ventures. The Mexican Antitrust Commission may not approve any proposed future acquisition or joint venture that we may pursue.
At the end of 2003, three of the main retail companies in Mexico, CCM, Gigante and Soriana, formed Sinergia de Autoservicios, S. de R.L. de C.V., or Sinergia, a limited liability company created to improve procurement for the three companies by combining their purchasing power. After an extensive process, the Mexican Antitrust Commission granted approval for the formation and operation of Sinergia but imposed certain conditions to prevent monopolistic practices. Among these conditions, Sinergia is subject to certain ongoing reporting obligations to the Mexican Antitrust Commission regarding its internal systems and procedures. Sinergia also is required to disclose to the Mexican Antitrust Commission on an ongoing basis the economic benefits being obtained by its members. There can be no assurance that there will not be any further challenge to Sinergia on antitrust grounds or otherwise. Without the benefits of Sinergia, our cost of sales may increase. These higher costs could have an adverse effect on our results of operations.
Differences Between Mexican GAAP and U.S. GAAP May Have an Impact on the Presentation of Our Financial Information
A principal objective of the securities laws of the United States, Mexico and other countries is to promote full and fair disclosure of all material corporate information. However, there may be less publicly available information about foreign issuers of securities listed in the United States than is regularly published by or about domestic issuers of listed securities. In addition, our financial statements are prepared in accordance with Mexican GAAP, which differs from U.S. GAAP and accounting procedures adapted in other countries in a number of respects. For example, most Mexican companies, including our company, must incorporate the effects of inflation directly in accounting records and in their published financial statements. Thus, financial statements and reported earnings of Mexican companies may differ from those of companies in other countries with the same financial performance. Note 17 to our financial statements provides a description of the principal differences between Mexican GAAP and U.S. GAAP as they relate to us.
Risk Factors Related to Our Principal Shareholders
Our Principal Shareholders Have Substantial Influence Over Our Management and the Interests of Our Principal Shareholders May Differ from Those of Other Shareholders
As of December 31, 2005, approximately 73.9% of our outstanding B Shares were beneficially owned, directly or indirectly, by a trust, the beneficiaries of whom are primarily members of the González Family. The B Shares are the only class of our capital stock that is entitled to elect our board of directors. As our controlling shareholder, this trust controls our business through its power to elect a majority of our board of directors and to determine the outcome of almost all actions that require shareholder approval. For example, the trust has the ability to cause us to declare dividends. The trust was established by five corporations and the beneficiaries of the trust are members of the González family. For a description of this trust, see "Major Shareholders and Related Party Transactions." In addition to their indirect ownership interest in our company, Mr. Guillermo González Nova, Mr. Jaime González Nova, Mr. Carlos González Zabalegui, Ms. Elena González Guerra, and Mr. Pablo González Guerra, who are members of the González family, are directors. Mr. Guillermo González Nova also serves as our Chairman of the Board, Mr. Jaime González Nova serves as our Vice-Chairman and Mr. Carlos González Zabalegui serves as our Vice-Chairman and Chief Executive Officer. See "Major Shareholders and Related Party Transactions."
Forward-Looking Statements
Some of the statements in this annual report constitute "forward-looking statements" within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. These forward-looking statements include references to future capital expenditures and the amount and nature of these expenditures, business strategies and measures to implement these strategies, competitive strengths and the impact of competition, goals, expansion and growth of our business and operations, plans and references to our future success and expectations regarding future operating results and liquidity. Words like "believe," "anticipate," "plan," "expect," "intend," "target," "estimate," "project," "predict," "forecast," "guideline," "should" and similar expressions are intended to identify forward-looking statements, but are not the exclusive means of identifying these statements.
Forward-looking statements involve inherent risks and uncertainties. We caution you that a number of important factors could cause actual results to differ materially from the plans, objectives, expectations, estimates and intentions expressed in these forward-looking statements. These factors, some of which are discussed under "-Risk Factors," include economic and political conditions and government policies in Mexico or elsewhere, inflation rates, exchange rates, regulatory developments, changes in our product mix and pricing strategies, difficulty in acquiring new land for development, difficulty in completing proposed store openings, customer demand, technology implementation, industry consolidation and competition. You should evaluate any statements made by us in light of these important factors. We also caution you that the foregoing list of factors is not exclusive and that other risks and uncertainties may cause actual results to differ materially from those in forward-looking statements.
Forward-looking statements speak only as of the date they are made, and we do not undertake any obligation to update them in light of new information or future developments.
Item 4. Information on the Company
History and Development of the Company
CCM is a sociedad anónima de capital variable, or a limited liability variable stock corporation, organized under the laws of Mexico. Our principal offices are located at Av. Revolución No. 780, Módulo 2, Colonia San Juan, C.P. 03730 México, D.F. and our telephone number is (52) (55) 5270 9312.
We trace our history to 1930 when Antonino González Abascal and his son founded their first store, which primarily sold textiles, in Mexico City. The first combination supermarket/general merchandise store under the name Comercial Mexicana was opened in Mexico City in 1962, and 20 additional stores were established during the 1970’s. During the 1980’s we continued to expand through the acquisition of the chain of Sumesa stores and the opening of 51 Comercial Mexicana stores. The first Restaurante California commenced operations in 1982, and the first Bodega opened in 1989. We entered into the joint venture with Costco Wholesale Corporation in June 1991, and the first Costco membership warehouse opened in February 1992. In 1993, we introduced the Mega format, which combines features of both department stores and supermarkets. In February 2003, we acquired Auchan, S.A.’s operations in Mexico. As of March 2006, the Company inaugurated the first unit of its new format named City Market.
CCM was wholly owned by the González family until April 1991, when shares of capital stock of CCM were listed in the Mexican Stock Exchange and offered publicly in Mexico. In 1996, GDSs representing shares of capital stock of CCM were listed on the New York Stock Exchange and the GDSs and the underlying shares were offered publicly in Mexico, the United States and elsewhere outside of Mexico.
Our deed of incorporation was executed on December 9, 1988, and we were registered in the Public Registry of Commerce in Mexico City on February 21, 1989, under the number 60562. The term of our company is 99 years beginning on May 11, 1989.
Capital Expenditures
Capital expenditures reflect our strategy of growth through expansion and acquisition as well as our emphasis on self-development and ownership of real estate, and on improvements in logistics and technology. We believe that continued capital spending in technology focusing on store operations, logistics, manufacturing procurement, category management, merchandising and buying practices, should reduce merchandising costs as a percent of sales.
The following table sets forth our capital expenditures for each of the three years ended December 31, 2003, 2004, 2005 and the budgeted capital expenditures for the year ended December 31, 2006:
| Year ended December 31,(1) |
| 2003 | 2004 | 2005 | 2006 (2) |
| (Millions of constant Pesos as of December 31, 2005, except for 2006 amounts, which are in nominal Pesos) |
Real estate (3) ........................................................................... | Ps. 625.9 | Ps. 1,335.8 | Ps. 1,694.1 | Ps.2,089.6 |
Store fixtures (4) ........................................................................ | 974.0 | 697.8 | 915.6 | 913.5 |
Information systems..................................................................... | 69.7 | 70.0 | 74.0 | 79.9 |
Total .......................................................................................... | Ps. 1,669.6 | Ps. 2,103.6 | 2,683.7 | Ps. 3,083.0 |
______________
(1) Capital expenditures include, Ps.354.1 in 2003, Ps.455.0 in 2004 and Ps.515.9 in 2005 contributed by us to the Costco de Mexico Group joint venture.
(2) Represents budgeted amounts for the year ending December 31, 2006.
(3) Not including our acquisition of Auchan’s operations.
(4) Represents new units, store fixtures, remodeling and other equipment expenditures.
Capital expenditures including 2005 Auchan’s operations payment was Ps.2,969.5 million in 2005 and were funded with cash from operations. Our plans for 2006 could change depending on the economic situation in Mexico, our financial results and our ability to generate sufficient cash flow to fund such expenditures.
We expect to open 22 units in 2006 as follows: one City Market, five Bodegas, seven Megas, three Costco membership warehouses, two Sumesa and four Restaurantes California. We intend to continue remodeling units.
Capital expenditures reflect our strategy of growth through expansion and acquisition as well as our emphasis on self-development and ownership of real estate, and on improvements in logistics and technology. We believe that continued capital spending in technology, focusing on store operations, logistics, manufacturing procurement, category management, merchandising and buying practices, should reduce merchandising costs as a percent of sales. During 2006, we expect capital spending to be approximately U.S.$300 million. We intend to use primarily cash flow from operations to finance capital expenditure requirements.
We currently plan to finance all 2006 capital expenditures primarily with cash flow from operations.Although we believe that sufficient financing will be available to us, we cannot assure you that we will have sufficient cash flow from operations to make all of our planned capital expenditures when scheduled or, if necessary, that we will be able to obtain, or what the terms may be of, any bank or other financing. We are also responsible for financing 50% of new Costco membership warehouses. See "Information on the Company-Property, Plant, and Equipment" and "Key Information-Risk Factors-Risk Factors Related to Our Business-Our Growth Strategy Is Dependent Upon the Continued Improvement of the Mexican Economy and Generating Positive Cash Flow."
Business Overview
We operate one of the largest retail companies in Mexico as well as a chain of family-style restaurants under the name Restaurantes California. Our retail operations include a 50% interest in a joint venture with Costco Wholesale Corporation, or Costco, which we refer to as the Costco de Mexico Group joint venture. The Costco de Mexico Group joint venture operates a chain of warehouse clubs in Mexico.
We carry out our business through five retailing store formats and one chain of family-style restaurants. These formats and restaurants are divided into three segments:
- the CM Group, which comprises our core business and includes our Comercial Mexicana and Bodega supermarkets and Mega hypermarkets;
- the Costco de Mexico Group, which consists of our 50% interest in the joint venture with Costco; and
- the Other Group, which includes our Sumesa stores and Restaurantes California.
Our stores sell a wide variety of food items, including basic groceries and perishables, as well as non-food items, including general merchandise and clothing. Food items represented 66.8% of our net sales from our stores in 2005. At December 31, 2005, we had 191 stores operating under our five retailing store formats, with a total selling area of approximately 14.5 million square feet. Our stores are concentrated primarily in the Mexico City metropolitan area and in the central Mexico region, including Guadalajara, or the Central Region.
Historically, the Mexican retail sector has been fragmented, with consumers served by a number of formats, including traditional formats like independent grocery stores and food specialists, modern formats like supermarkets, department stores and hypermarkets, as well as informal outlets like street vendors and markets. Hypermarkets are large stores that include features of both supermarkets and department stores. In recent years, the Mexican retail sector has experienced consolidation and the entry of large international retailers like Wal-Mart Stores Inc., which controls Walmex. We believe that there is considerable potential for growth as the Mexican retail sector continues its process of modernization. We believe that consumer preferences are shifting away from smaller, traditional and informal outlets toward larger, standardized supermarket and hypermarket chains. These chains offer consumers superior value through greater merchandise selection, convenience and better prices through the chains’ greater purchasing power. Additionally, we believe that the recovery of consumers’ purchasing power in Mexico and favorable demographics, which is expected to lead to increased numbers of consumers, should benefit the retail sector in the short and long terms. We believe our business strategy is designed to capitalize on this trend toward larger supermarket and hypermarket chains.
Our chain of family-style restaurants serves a wide variety of Mexican and continental cuisines for breakfast, lunch and dinner. Our restaurants emphasize high quality, homemade-style food with fast service at low prices, with an average lunch costing less than Ps.85.00, or approximately U.S.$7.61. At December 31, 2005, we had 62 restaurants located in 18 cities in Mexico, concentrated primarily in the Mexico City metropolitan area.
Our Business Strategy
The key elements of our business strategy include the following:
- Controlled growth. Our growth strategy has two principal components:
„ continued improvements in same store sales growth through enhanced merchandising techniques, attractive promotions, remodeling of our stores and expansion of selling area; and
„ new store openings in areas where we already have a significant presence and in areas with high potential but that are currently underserved by modern retail formats.
Although there are many external market variables that affect the performance of same store sales, we believe our new store formats and low prices will help reduce the impact of factors that are beyond our control. Despite increased competition in certain areas, we believe the Mexican market continues to be underserved, leaving significant room for additional store growth. During 2004 and 2005, we dedicated a great deal of time and resources in identifying attractive locations for new stores, our expansion plan for 2006 includes the opening of 18 new stores and four restaurants as well as the remodeling of ten stores across Mexico. We expect to derive the required funds primarily from internally generated cash flow. Through this expansion plan, we intend to reinforce our presence in the Mexico City metropolitan area and in the Central Region, capitalizing on our existing presence and strong reputation in those markets. We also intend to expand our operations in other regions.
- Continue with our everyday low price strategy instead of frequent promotions. We adopted a low pricing strategy in 2002 with the principal objective of attracting a more loyal customer base. We believe that our historical strategy of offering promotions and deep discounts from time to time was effective in the historical Mexican macroeconomic environment, which was characterized by high inflation. As the Mexican economy became more stable, consumers became more aware of price differences and started comparing them among different retailers. The introduction by Walmex, our principal competitor, of the "Every Day Low Prices" concept was also well received by consumers. We believe that we have been successful in communicating our competitive prices to our customers, thus increasing customer loyalty as well as our customer base in general.
- Focus on operating margins. We seek to improve our operating margins by:
„ streamlining our distribution channels through the use of our new distribution center that services our Comercial Mexicana, Mega, Bodega and Sumesa store formats; and
„ continuing to grow our Mega store format, which has higher margins than our other businesses.
Because many of our suppliers offer generic product brand names, we are able to negotiate better terms and conditions with these suppliers than those that we would be able to obtain from suppliers that, due to their popularity and the high demand for their brand of products, have stronger negotiating power. By leveraging our market presence and establishing relationships with new product suppliers, we intend to maintain our low pricing strategy while trying to improve our operating margins. Our distribution centers that service the Comercial Mexicana, Mega, Bodega and Sumesa store formats allow us to negotiate better prices with our suppliers, shorten the distance over which our goods are shipped and achieve efficiency gains in our inventory management and turnover. Of the 18 new stores we intend to open during 2006, seven are Mega formats.
- Focus on differentiation. Competition occurs principally on the basis of price and, to a lesser extent, location, selection of merchandise, quality of merchandise (in particular perishables), service, store conditions and promotions. We believe that competition based solely on low pricing will ultimately result in decreased margins and low customer loyalty. We intend to attract and retain customers by providing a more enjoyable shopping environment and improving their overall shopping experience through the use of new, modern and exclusive product offerings, innovative promotions and improved marketing techniques. For example, in 2005, we launched "Kitchenware," which was a promotion of stickers that could be exchange for cookware products at very low prices. In 2005, we launched "Spanish week," which consisted of several promotions involving groceries, cheese, wine and other Spanish products. Sales in our stores also typically increase during the "Julio Regalado" special promotion occurring each July and during the Christmas season. We have also been a market leader in introducing convenient new services for our customers, like providing them with facilities for the convenient payment of third party services and local taxes. We believe that these marketing strategies have been successful. We expect to continue launching new and innovative promotions to continue to attract customers. Additionally, we try to differentiate ourselves in our product offerings as we offer unique products that are unlikely to be found in our competitors’ selling floor. We believe that we are recognized as a high quality supplier of perishables and will continue to focus on delivering high quality perishable products.
- Increase efficiency. We intend to increase productivity and customer service through investments in information technology and the increased utilization of our new distribution center which opened in August 2003. In recent years, we have made significant investments in computer systems focused primarily on improving inventory efficiency, supply levels and controls. Innovative technologies used by our stores include point of sales systems, a unit inventory control system, data warehouse category management, fiber optic communications networks and electronic communication systems to submit purchase orders to suppliers. We believe that continued upgrading of our systems will allow us to further increase efficiency, reduce expenses and provide the necessary product and sales information to enhance merchandising decisions at each store. We continue to increase the utilization of our distribution centers which has increased our storage capacity and has improved our ability to supply our stores with a more efficient product mix by utilizing a centralized location for distribution. The Costco de Mexico Group joint venture is currently being serviced by a distribution center that is located in the Mexico City metropolitan area.
- Merchandising and market segmentation. Our merchandising and market segmentation strategy emphasizes competition on the basis of price, selection of merchandise, quality of merchandise (in particular perishables) and service. We target specific consumer segments, preferences and demographics by using distinct retail formats, which differ in store size, service level and product range. As Mexican consumer preferences have shifted toward large supermarkets and hypermarkets, we have sought to meet this demand by growing our Mega format. Net sales of the Mega format accounted for approximately 31.5% of our net sales in 2005.
- Location. In opening new stores, we select the type of retail store and offer the merchandise and service mix that we consider most appropriate for each location’s anticipated customer base. We determine a location’s anticipated customer base by analyzing a number of factors, including the current and expected future population density, income levels and competitive conditions surrounding that location. We believe that this analysis allows our new stores to provide better services to our customers and improves our stores’ success rate. From January 1, 2005 through December 31, 2005 we purchased approximately 4.3 million square feet of unimproved land using part of it for new stores and the rest for our land reserve of 7.0 million square feet. We intend to continue to explore the possibility of additional strategic land acquisitions in desirable locations. Decisions with respect to opening new Costco membership warehouses are made by the Costco de Mexico Group joint venture.
- Lower Pricing Strategy. Historically, we based our pricing strategy cyclical promotions and discounts offered from time-to-time. This strategy proved successful in a market with high inflation rates. As prices changed often, consumers did not have the opportunity to compare prices among different retailers.
As the result of the decrease in inflation we have moved away from this strategy toward a strategy of offering consistently low prices, retaining only the most popular promotions, including the "Julio Regalado," in order to attract customer traffic. The lower pricing strategy was implemented in August 2002.
When we started with the "low prices" strategy in 2002, we experienced an initial 13.1% decrease in sales and decrease in number of customers and ticket amount per customer, but by 2003 the number of customers had increased by 6.0%, in 2004 the number of customers increased by 2.1% and an increase of 2.9% in 2005.
- Sinergia. At the end of 2003, three of the main retail companies in México, Gigante, Soriana, and us formed Sinergia, a limited liability company created to improve the purchase procurement for the three companies. Through Sinergia, CCM, Gigante and Soriana negotiate as a group with some of the large common suppliers of our businesses and the businesses of Gigante and Soriana. Currently, a small portion of our total purchases are negotiated through Sinergia. By forming a negotiating group with two other large retailers, we benefit from increased purchasing power as a whole, and corresponding lower cost of goods. See "Key Information-Risk Factors-Risk Factors Related to Mexico-Mexican Antitrust Laws May Limit Our Ability to Expand Through Acquisitions or Joint Ventures."
Operations
At December 31, 2005, we had 191 stores operating under five retailing formats with a total selling area of approximately 14.5 million square feet. Although we operate nationwide, our stores are concentrated in the two most populated areas of Mexico, the Mexico City metropolitan area and the Central Region. Our stores located in those areas accounted for approximately 72.0% of our total retail floor space at December 31, 2005. At December 31, 2005, we had 62 Restaurantes California located in 18 cities in Mexico, 33 of which were located in the Mexico City metropolitan area.
The percentage breakdown of our total selling area and number of stores by geographic region at December 31, 2005, is set forth in the following table:
| At December 31, 2005 |
| Percentage of Total Selling Area | Number of Stores |
Mexico City metropolitan area............................................................................. | 37.7 % | 86 |
Central region......................................................................................................... | 34.3 | 60 |
Northwest region................................................................................................... | 13.4 | 21 |
Northeast region.................................................................................................... | 2.4 | 3 |
Southeast region.................................................................................................... | 8.4 | 13 |
Southwest region................................................................................................... | 3.8 | 8 |
Total......................................................................................................................... | 100.0 % | 191 |
The number of restaurants by geographic region at December 31, 2005 is set forth in the following table:
| At December 31, 2005 |
| Number of Restaurants |
Mexico City metropolitan area............................................................................................ | 33 |
Central region........................................................................................................................ | 20 |
Northwest region.................................................................................................................. | 2 |
Northeast region................................................................................................................... | - |
Southeast region.................................................................................................................. | 5 |
Southwest region................................................................................................................. | 2 |
Total....................................................................................................................................... | 62 |
The percentage breakdown of the contribution of our store formats (including the Costco membership warehouses) and our restaurants to total sales is set forth below for each of the three years ended December 31, 2003, 2004 and 2005.
| Year Ended December 31, |
| 2003 | 2004 | 2005 |
Comercial Mexicana................................... | 36.3% | 32.9% | 29.7% |
Bodega......................................................... | 14.4 | 13.7 | 13.3 |
Mega............................................................ | 26.3 | 28.8 | 31.5 |
Sumesa......................................................... | 2.3 | 2.5 | 2.8 |
Costco.......................................................... | 18.9 | 20.1 | 20.8 |
Restaurantes California............................. | 1.6 | 1.6 | 1.6 |
Miscellaneous Income............................... | 0.2 | 0.3 | 0.3 |
Total............................................................. | 100.0% | 100.0% | 100.0% |
Except for Sumesas, which offer primarily food items, stores operated by us offer a combination of food and non-food items. Management classifies our store sales into four main product lines. The percentage contribution to total sales of each of these product lines is set forth below for each of the three years ended December 31, 2003, 2004 and 2005.
| Year Ended December 31, |
| 2003 | 2004 | 2005 |
Perishables.................................................... | 25.6% | 27.7% | 28.7% |
Groceries....................................................... | 40.7 | 41.2 | 38.2 |
General Merchandise.................................. | 24.1 | 21.9 | 25.6 |
Clothing......................................................... | 9.5 | 9.2 | 7.5 |
Total............................................................... | 100.0% | 100.0% | 100.0% |
Our management believes that in recent years Mexican consumers have increasingly preferred stores that offer a combination of the wide variety of food items carried by conventional supermarkets as well as a variety of non-food items, like general merchandise, clothing, household items and home improvement products. In response to this change in consumer preferences, our newer stores offer expanded perishable departments, prepared foods, tortilla presses and bakery goods as well as wider selections of health, beauty and pharmaceutical products.
Retail Store Formats
We carry out our business through five retail store formats: Comercial Mexicana, Bodega, Mega, Sumesa and Costco membership warehouses (through the Costco de Mexico Group joint venture). Through these formats, we are able to target nearly all the population segments in the Mexico City metropolitan area and the other are as which we serve. In March 2006 the Company opened a new format named City Market for the high income level basically with sales mix of perishables and high quality groceries.
In opening new stores, we select the retail store format that offers the merchandise and service mix we consider most appropriate for each location’s anticipated customer base. We determine a location’s anticipated customer base by referring to a number of factors, including the current and expected future population density, income levels and competitive conditions surrounding that location. Decisions with respect to opening new Costco membership warehouses are made by the Costco de Mexico Group joint venture. From 2002 to 2005 the Company has opened 31 stores and 11 Restaurantes California.
We believe in changing the retailing format of our retail stores when appropriate, based on changing demographics and competitive characteristics of the location surrounding an established store. For example, from 2001 to 2005, nine Comercial Mexicana stores were converted into Megas, five Comercial Mexicana stores were converted into Bodegas and one Bodega was converted into a Comercial Mexicana store. In addition, since acquiring the Sumesa chain in 1981, we have converted six Sumesas into other formats. The conversion costs typically ranged from U.S.$2.1 million to U.S.$5.0 million per store, averaging approximately U.S.$3.1 million per store. Besides the convertions, the Company had closed from 2002 to 2005 ten stores and three Restaurantes Califonia due to reasons of low profitability or ending leased contracts.While we currently expect to continue using our five retailing formats, we may experiment with additional formats in the future.
Combination Supermarket/General Merchandise Stores
Comercial Mexicana. At December 31, 2005, we operated 61 Comercial Mexicana stores, including 18 in the Mexico City metropolitan area, 25 in the Central Region (including Guadalajara), eleven in the northwest region (including Tijuana), none in the northeast region, two in the southeast region and five in the southwest region. Comercial Mexicana stores are targeted at middle and upper-income customers.
Comercial Mexicana stores carry an extensive line of food items and non-food items. Food items include meats, poultry, fish, fresh fruits and vegetables, dairy products, baked goods, frozen goods, canned goods, prepared foods, delicatessen, wines and liquors and imported foods. Non-food items include men’s, women’s and children’s clothing and shoes, paper products, office supplies, books and magazines, health and beauty products, garden supplies, automotive supplies, photographic supplies, electric appliances, sporting goods, toys and gifts and numerous household items. All Comercial Mexicana stores have one or more specialty departments, like a bakery or tortilla press. All Comercial Mexicana stores have pharmacies offering prescription and non-prescription medications. A typical Comercial Mexicana store offers more than 55,000 products.
Most Comercial Mexicana stores are located in neighborhood shopping centers. Comercial Mexicana stores require large parking lots and access to roads to allow customers to drive to the stores.
Comercial Mexicana stores offer, at competitive prices, locally and nationally advertised and distributed brands of merchandise, together with some food items, general merchandise and clothing product lines that are sold under our own private label names. Comercial Mexicana stores incorporate merchandising techniques, like bright lighting, wider-than-usual aisles and store layouts, that are designed to encourage greater spending per customer. All Comercial Mexicana stores are identified by an easily recognizable pelican logo.
A Comercial Mexicana store remodeling generally involves the installation of new services, lighting, decorations, freezers and refrigerators, as well as the replacement of fixtures, painting and necessary repairs and changes in store layout that are intended to make the stores more attractive to customers. At the same time, we upgrade the information technology in our Comercial Mexicana stores to improve operating efficiencies and to allow the introduction of new services. We remodeled six Comercial Mexicana stores in 2003, five in 2004 and two in 2005.
Comercial Mexicana stores generally range in size from approximately 43,000 to 100,000 square feet of selling area, with an average of approximately 68,000 square feet. Comercial Mexicana stores employed 9,228 individuals at December 31, 2005.
Comercial Mexicana stores have experienced a decline in the number of customers in the last three years. We believe this is mainly a result of our conversion of 5 Comercial Mexicana stores into Megas in 2003, 2004 and 2005, thereby reducing the number of Comercial Mexicana stores available for shopping, as well as increased competition in the market. We have developed several strategies in response to these developments, including reorganization of the Comercial Mexicana employee structure, construction of a new distribution center servicing all store formats, including Comercial Mexicana, and the institution of a new pricing strategy of every day low prices instead of one-time promotions and discounts.
Bodega. At December 31, 2005, we operated 36 Bodegas, including 27 in the Mexico City metropolitan area, seven in the Central Region, one in the southeast region and one in the southwest region. Bodegas target lower-income customers.
Bodegas are warehouse stores, which offer more than 30,000 products, mainly food items, pharmaceutical items and general merchandise of the type sold in Comercial Mexicana stores but with less selection in terms of brands and sizes of items offered.
Bodegas have lower operating costs as a percentage of sales than Comercial Mexicana stores. Lower operating costs are obtained primarily because Bodegas use less advertising and a lower level of customer service, fewer amenities, less decoration and reduced storage costs because items are stocked on display on the sales floor. In addition, Bodegas have fewer promotions and product introductions. All Bodegas have a tortilla press, a bakery and/or other specialty departments. Because customers who patronize Bodegas generally do not have cars, Bodegas are within walking distance of residential areas or accessible by public transportation. Bodegas also are identified by the same easily recognizable pelican logo as Comercial Mexicana stores.
Bodegas range in size from approximately 24,000 to 65,000 square feet of selling area, with an average of approximately 50,600 square feet. Bodegas employed 4,193 individuals at December 31, 2005.
Mega. Under the Mega format, we currently operate our largest combination stores. As of December 31, 2005, we operated 45 Megas, including 18 in the Mexico City metropolitan area, 15 in the Central Region, four in the northern region and six in the southern region. The Mega format targets a broad range of economic groups.
We introduced the Mega format in 1993 to take advantage of the perceived potential of, and as a competitive response to, the supercenter and hypermarket formats that had begun to appear in Mexico. Prices in Megas are generally lower than those in Comercial Mexicana stores, but not as low as in Bodegas. Megas offer approximately 60,000 products, which is broader than that offered in Comercial Mexicana stores. The different types of merchandise carried by Megas are separated into distinct areas or departments. Each Mega contains a bakery, a pharmacy and other complementary services operated by us, just as in Comercial Mexicana stores. In addition, Megas contain separate specialty retail facilities leased to and operated by third-party tenants, like banks, key makers, jewelry shops, shoe repair shops, photo developers and optical centers. Megas contain a wide center aisle that, in connection with the location of most perishables and groceries at the rear of the store, is intended to draw customers into the store past special advertising displays, as well as past the clothing and general merchandise areas.
Megas generally range in size from 110,000 to 140,000 square feet selling area, with an average of approximately 120,000 square feet. Megas employed 8,734 individuals at December 31, 2005.
In February 2003, we acquired Auchan’s operations in Mexico, consisting of five hypermarket stores located in the Central Region. We now operate these stores under the Mega format. The purchase price for this acquisition consists of six installment payments. We paid U.S.$15.0 million in 2003, U.S.$20.0 million in 2004, U.S.$25 million in 2005 and U.S.$20.0 million in 2006. We are required to make additional payments of U.S.$20.0 million in each of 2007 and 2008. The stock of the Mexican corporations that hold the fixed assets of these stores are presently held in an escrow. The stock will not be released from this escrow, and we will not acquire title to the stock, until the purchase price is paid in full to the sellers. If we do not pay the purchase price in full when due, we will not obtain title to the stock and will have no rights to be repaid the amounts we previously paid to Auchan. In addition, there are certain restrictive covenants that limit the operations of the business until the purchase price is paid to the seller. See "Key Information-Risk Factors-Risk Factors Related to Our Business-Our Acquisition of Auchan is Dependent on Payment of the Purchase Price Due and Failure to Pay Will Result in Forfeiture of Auchan Properties and All Amounts Paid."
Supermarkets
Sumesa. At December 31, 2005, we had 21 Sumesas in operation. Except for four Sumesas in Cuernavaca, all Sumesas are located in the Mexico City metropolitan area. Sumesas target upper-middle to upper income customers.
Sumesas are designed to serve their surrounding neighborhoods, which are typically densely populated. Sumesas are smaller in size than Comercial Mexicana stores and Bodegas. Developed as neighborhood stand-alone supermarkets, Sumesas emphasize sales of quality groceries and perishables and generally carry more than 8,000 products. Most Sumesas include pharmacies as well as bakeries and tortilla presses.
We intend to remodel all of the existing Sumesas to update their appearance and, to the extent that space at existing locations permits, to include specialty departments.
Sumesas generally range in size from approximately 7,000 to 11,800 square feet of selling area, with an average of approximately 8,600 square feet. Sumesa employed 954 individuals at December 31, 2005. We opened two of the Sumesas in Cuernavaca in 2005.
Membership Warehouse Stores
Costco Membership Warehouses. In June 1991, CCM and Costco formed a joint venture to develop the membership warehouse-style stores that are popular in the United States and Canada. The first Costco membership warehouse was opened in a suburb of Mexico City in February 1992. At December 31, 2005, the Costco de Mexico Group joint venture was operating 28 Costco membership warehouses, six of which were located in the Mexico City metropolitan area, nine were located in the Central Region (including one in Guadalajara), six were located in the northwest region, two was located in the northeast region, four in the southeast region and one in the southwest region.
Costco membership warehouses are self-service warehouse clubs, which offer members low prices on volume purchases of a limited selection of branded and private label products in a wide range of merchandise categories designed to produce rapid inventory turnover and high sales volumes. This rapid inventory turnover, combined with the operating efficiencies achieved by direct volume purchasing from manufacturers and no-frills merchandise displays, enable the Costco de Mexico Group joint venture to operate profitably albeit at lower gross margins than traditional wholesalers, retailers or supermarkets. Costco membership warehouses carry a selection of approximately 3,500 local and imported items, together with general merchandise products, offering a limited selection in each product line and are generally located in easily accessible locations. All of the Costco membership warehouses offer bakeries and a selection of high quality meats and other perishables.
Although membership is available to the general public, typically only businesses and professionals purchase memberships due to the related costs. A primary membership, including two affiliate memberships, currently costs Ps.350.0 (approximately U.S.$31.16) per year and each additional affiliate membership costs Ps.100.0 (approximately U.S.$8.90) per year. Costco membership warehouses seek to meet the needs of business customers who might otherwise pay a premium for small purchases or who cannot otherwise obtain the full range of their product requirements from any single source. In addition, these business members often combine personal shopping with their business purchases. In 2005, 73% of our existing memberships were renewed for an additional year. Membership income in 2005 accounted for 1.6% of net sales.
Costco membership warehouses range in size from approximately 90,000 to 120,000 square feet of selling area, with an average of 100,000 square feet, and are designed with minimal amenities and decorations. Floor plans are designed for economical and efficient use of space and inventory control. Members push flatbed carts or large basket-style shopping carts through the warehouses, selecting products for their business or personal use, or for resale. Merchandise is generally offered in case, carton, or multiple-pack quantities or in single, jumbo-sized packages, and is displayed and stored in packing cartons on pallets and steel racks separated by extra-wide aisles. The standard no-frills facility design, direct manufacturer purchasing and rapid inventory turnover, combined with extensive cost controls and low mark-ups, result in substantial savings to the customer as compared to most other traditional sources of merchandise. Costco membership warehouses employed 8,398 individuals at December 31, 2005.
The joint venture is governed by a board of directors consisting of six members, three of whom are appointed by us (including the chairman of the board of the joint venture) and three of whom are appointed by Costco. The Costco de Mexico Group joint venture is managed, on a day-to-day basis, by officers appointed by Costco and approved by us pursuant to certain management agreements between us, Costco and the Costco de Mexico Group joint venture. The management agreements may be terminated by either Costco or the Costco de Mexico Group joint venture at any time, and any termination initiated by the joint venture must be approved by a majority (at least four directors consisting of two representatives of each of CCM and Costco) of its board of directors. The affirmative vote of a majority of the entire board of directors of the joint venture is required to approve certain significant decisions regarding the joint venture, including certain revisions to the joint venture business plan, obligations or acquisitions of real estate or certain other fixed assets not otherwise provided for in the business plan, the removal of any of the management personnel appointed by Costco and certain transfers of ownership interests in the joint venture. In addition, a unanimous vote of both members of a two-person executive committee consisting of the chief executive officers of Costco and us is required to approve certain obligations not otherwise provided for in the business plan and other significant decisions regarding the joint venture which are not specifically reserved for the board of directors.
The funding requirements of the joint venture are shared by Costco and us, as determined from time to time by the parties. We and Costco each contributed with Ps.354.1 million in 2003, Ps.445.9 million in 2004 and Ps.159.4 million in 2005 to the Costco de Mexico Group joint venture. In 2006, we and Costco each agreed to contribute U.S.$15.0 million to the Costco de Mexico Group joint venture. In the event that either party defaults on its obligations to provide its portion of the funding for the joint venture, the other party, at its option, may, among other things, exercise its right to buy out the defaulting party’s interest at fair market value. The joint venture agreement contains limitations on competition in the membership warehouse format by Costco and us. The joint venture has a duration of 99 years, ending 2090. However, the joint venture agreement may be terminated and the joint venture dissolved, (i) by mutual agreement of Costco and us, or (ii) upon a sale by either party of its entire interest in the joint venture by written agreement. We or Costco may purchase the other party’s interest in the joint venture at a price determined by reference to the fair market value of that interest in the event that the other party (i) fails to provide its portion of the financing to the joint venture, (ii) fails to provide or maintain a guarantee as required by the joint venture agreement, (iii) transfers its interest to an unaffiliated third party without the consent of the majority of the board of directors of the joint venture, (iv) is unable to resolve with the other party within a prescribed period a deadlock of the board of directors, (v) is in default of its obligations under the joint venture agreement, or (vi) is insolvent or bankrupt.
Marketing
We seek to attract customers to our stores by emphasizing customer service; offering a wide selection of private label goods; facilitating purchases by customers through our "captive" credit card issued by Banamex, which extends and assumes all of the credit and credit risk under these cards; vouchers for payment; and a lay-away system under which customers can purchase general merchandise by agreed-upon partial payments. Another marketing initiative includes promotions every Wednesday on fresh fruit and vegetables at Comercial Mexicana, Bodegas and Megas, which has helped make Wednesday one of the busiest days of the week in our stores. We intend to maintain advertising expenditures in 2006 substantially in line with the amount spent in 2005, which was 1.0% of our net sales.
We emphasize customer service by (i) offering the product and service mix that we believe customers find most appealing, (ii) maintaining clean, well-lit stores with attractive, modern decor, (iii) training employees to be courteous and helpful, (iv) changing the mix of products to include a variety of imported goods and (v) in recent years, by offering butcher’s shops, bakeries, pharmacies, tortilla presses and other specialty departments. Many stores have electric carts to enable elderly or disabled individuals to shop without assistance and shopping carts with infant seats to allow parents to shop with young children. The specialty departments, like the butcher’s shops and bakeries, offer products and individual service comparable to those offered in independent specialty stores. In addition, all stores with bar-code scanners have price verifiers located conveniently throughout the stores to allow customers to check the prices on goods. See "-Information Systems."
In recent years, we have begun to emphasize our own private label merchandise, including specialty products prepared by us, including baked goods, tortillas and prepared foods. We currently offer approximately 450 private label products, principally groceries. As of December 31, 2005, we offered approximately 180 medicines under the "Farmacon" brand name. These medicines fully comply with the Ministry of Health Regulations. In addition, we offer private label men’s, women’s and children’s clothing, household, automotive and gardening products. Each of our private label brands reflects a special image and delivers high quality merchandise at prices lower than brand name products. Sales of private label products as percentage of total store sales were approximately 12.2% in 2003 11.4% in 2004 and 12.8% in 2005. Our margins on private label products are similar to those on brand name products, although prices on private label products are lower to the consumer.
Our store sales are paid in either cash, through credit cards or with vouchers. We have a captive credit card under the name "Comercial Mexicana." Our captive credit card can be used only for purchases at our stores and restaurants, including Costco membership warehouses. The Comercial Mexicana credit cards are issued by Banamex, which extends and assumes all of the credit and credit risk under these cards. In addition, we offer our customers the option to acquire certain big-ticket items on credit through an instore program known as Credicomer. This program, offered with Banco BBVA-Bancomer S.A., or BBVA-Bancomer, does not require a down payment and may be paid over a period up to 12 months. BBVA-Bancomer extends the credit and assumes all of the credit risk. We receive an amount equal to the purchase price from BBVA-Bancomer by the end of the business day on which the merchandise is purchased. We also offer customers a layaway system under which customers can purchase general merchandise by paying through installments, without interest, with delivery of the merchandise to customers upon full payment of the purchase price. We believe that our relationships and discount arrangements with credit-issuing banks are among the best in the market. The vouchers are issued by us and by certain independent companies, and are generally accepted in all of our stores. Employers distribute vouchers to their employees as a tax-advantaged part of the employee’s compensation. The vouchers issued by us are sold at a discount to third-party employers and are, in effect, prepaid sales. The vouchers issued by independent companies are honored by us and then collected and presented (usually between one and seven days) to the issuing company for payment. Our "Thirteen Month Interest-Free" promotion offers customers 13 months of interest-free credit for certain large purchases when they use participating credit cards. The cost of the program is shared between us and the supplier.
As part of our marketing strategy, we promote our stores and the merchandising and services which they offer. Our advertising strategy and campaigns focus on communicating the image of our stores, particularly Comercial Mexicana stores, as being newer, cleaner stores, that offer superior customer service. In addition, we use advertising to publicize the merchandise carried in our stores. We use third-party advertising agencies to formulate and implement our advertising campaigns. The single largest advertising medium used by us is radio, but we also advertise on television and promotional flyers, as well as in our stores at the point of sale. We employ cooperative advertising with suppliers and suppliers participate in special programs with us, particularly in connection with new store openings. Each July, Comercial Mexicana and Mega stores run the "Julio Regalado" special promotion to increase sales for that month.
In February 2005, we launched a new advertising campaign focusing on the experience of shopping at Comercial Mexicana stores. This campaign is running concurrently with our continuing "Low Price" marketing strategy.
The Costco de Mexico Group joint venture does not generally use media advertising, except newspaper announcements of new Costco membership warehouse openings. When a new warehouse is opened, the Costco de Mexico Group joint venture’s marketing efforts include canvassing businesses in the area by marketing teams and direct mailings to potential members in the area.
Distribution
We opened a new distribution center in the Mexico City metropolitan area in August 2003. The distribution center has a storage capacity of 538,195 square feet. The distribution center allows us to negotiate better prices with suppliers, who can deliver their products in one centralized location rather than in several different locations. The Costco membership warehouses are not served by this distribution center. We distribute approximately 40% of all our products (excluding Costco membership warehouse products) from this distribution center.
We also currently operate a 377,000 square feet distribution center in the Mexico City metropolitan area for perishable items, which we plan to replace when we open a new distribution center. The site for this new distribution center has been acquired and we expect construction to start in 2006. We currently distribute from this existing center, and intend to distribute from the new distribution center, approximately 20% of all our products (excluding Costco membership warehouse products).
Our suppliers currently distribute 40% of all our products (excluding Costco membership warehouse products) directly to our stores.
The Costco de Mexico Group joint venture operates a 538,000 square feet distribution center in the Mexico City metropolitan area. In the Costco de Mexico Group joint venture, approximately 75% of all the merchandise is supplied from that distribution center.
Information Systems
We have placed special emphasis in recent years on the development of our management information system, particularly a unitary inventory control system that allows us to track sales flow and turnover of specific product lines or items. The unitary inventory control system has been installed in all Comercial Mexicanas, Bodegas, Sumesas and Megas. As a part of this system, these stores are linked through a common computer network that facilitates the flow of information through communications among the stores and to our management. This system provides us with information that enables us to (i) optimize inventory levels by identifying products with low sales volumes and by maintaining perpetual inventory booking, (ii) minimize shrinkage, (iii) reduce the frequency of out-of-stock products, (iv) allow our buyers to negotiate more effectively with suppliers and (v) otherwise improve operating efficiency. This system is currently being used with substantially all of the suppliers that supply our stores. Related projects have focused on introducing advanced computer technology to the stores particularly at the point of sale, and have included the installation of improved cash registers with bar-code scanner systems and electronic scales, state-of-the-art credit card and debit card approval systems to track sales and reduce the check-out time for customers, and, in the stores, state-of-the-art point of sale computers which provide the customers additional information regarding the items being purchased and the relevant promotions and savings, as well as equipping stores with portable scanners to expedite the process of checking shipments from suppliers and to aid in price audits and taking inventory. Costco membership warehouses are linked, and transmit similar information, by satellite to Costco in San Diego, California and Seattle, Washington. This linkage and transmission, in turn, provide us with information on the operations of Costco membership warehouses.
Capital expenditures for our information systems were Ps.69.7 million in 2003, Ps.70.0 million in 2004 and Ps. 74.0 million in 2005.
Restaurants
At December 31, 2005, we had 62 Restaurantes California located in 18 cities in Mexico, 33 of which were located in the Mexico City metropolitan area. The average seating capacity is 223 seats per restaurant. Restaurantes California focuses on middle- to upper-income customers and tourists.
From 2003 to 2005, we opened 11 Restaurantes California. We intend to open two new Restaurantes California and remodel two additional restaurants during 2006. Our goal is to increase the number of Restaurantes California throughout Mexico.
Restaurantes California are family-style restaurants serving a wide variety of Mexican and continental cuisines for breakfast, lunch and dinner. These restaurants emphasize high quality, homemade-style food with fast service at low prices, with an average lunch costing Ps.70.00 (approximately U.S.$6.50).
Meals at Restaurantes California are prepared fresh when ordered. To differentiate ourselves from our competitors, each Restaurante California also has a buffet and salad bar. We emphasize sales of buffet-style food, and in some stores "super buffets," which generally have higher gross margins. The buffet sales in relation to total restaurant sales were 56.7% in 2003, 56.9% in 2004 and 57.0% in 2005. Restaurantes California is competitive on the basis of their high-quality food and service, cleanliness, attractive architecture and decorations, hand-painted dishes, colorful menus and innovative promotions (like free buffets for children accompanied by adults and the "Birthdays Free" campaign).
Restaurantes California have traditionally been located in commercial areas near Comercial Mexicana stores, but are increasingly being operated on a stand-alone basis. In choosing the sites for Restaurantes California, our real estate professionals consider criteria similar to those used in selecting store sites. Suppliers deliver all products used in the operation of Restaurantes California directly to the restaurants. Restaurantes California generally does not use media advertising. At December 31, 2005, Restaurantes California had 3,207 employees.
Suppliers
We purchase the products frequently carried or used by our stores and restaurants from more than 2,500 suppliers. No single supplier or group of related suppliers accounts for more than 3.9% of the total products purchased by us. We believe that the sources and availability of materials for our retail store and restaurant operations are adequate and will continue to be so for the foreseeable future.
Certain of our suppliers prepare items for sale under our private label brand names. We expect that the source and availability of private label products will be adequate in the foreseeable future.
We have not experienced any difficulty in obtaining the types or quantities of the merchandise we require on a timely basis and believe that, if any of our current sources of supply were to become unavailable, alternative sources could be obtained without any material disruption to our business.
We maintain a centralized purchasing department that specializes in perishables, groceries, clothing and other merchandise through four principal groups. One group within the purchasing department is responsible for the stores in our Comercial Mexicana, Mega, Bodega and Sumesa formats. A second group is responsible for purchasing the products required by Restaurantes California. We also have two separate groups of buyers responsible for determining and purchasing the items carried in the Costco membership warehouses. One Costco de Mexico Group joint venture purchasing team is located in Mexico and is responsible for purchasing domestic products. The other Costco de Mexico Group joint venture purchasing team is located in San Diego, California, operating with the support of Costco and is responsible for purchasing products manufactured outside Mexico. The separate groups of buyers allow each group to focus on the needs of the target customers for the stores or restaurants serviced by that group of buyers. These purchasing groups coordinate with one another, sharing information on suppliers and the terms and conditions on products offered by suppliers. The buyers determine which products will be stocked in our stores and restaurants and are responsible for maintaining our relationships with our suppliers and negotiating the prices of all goods stocked in our stores and the products required by our restaurants. The centralized purchasing department orders approximately 80% of the goods in our stores and has secured arrangements with suppliers for the remaining 20% of goods.
We believe that communication through our information systems have allowed us to negotiate more effectively with suppliers and that we conduct business with our suppliers on terms which are not less favorable than those generally available in the retail industry. Domestic suppliers are paid in Pesos on terms that vary with the product being purchased. Foreign suppliers are paid in foreign currencies, primarily U.S. Dollars.
In both 2003 and 2004 approximately 17.0% and 20.0% in 2005 of our sales from stores consisted of products imported from outside of Mexico. In addition, we sell certain imported products, which we acquire from multinational corporations, distributors and wholesalers in Mexico, at prices denominated in Pesos.
Competition
The retail industry in Mexico is highly competitive and is characterized by high inventory turnover and small profit margins as a percentage of sales. Earnings primarily depend upon the maintenance of high per-store sales volumes, efficient product purchasing and distribution and cost-effective store operations. Advertising and promotional expenses that are necessary to maintain our competitive position in our major markets affect margins at our stores. Competition occurs principally on the basis of price and, to a lesser extent, location, selection of merchandise, quality of merchandise (in particular perishables), service, store conditions and promotions. The principal basis of our competition with our competitors has largely been based on offering the low prices, as customers shop where the lowest price is offered. We compete with numerous local companies, regional and national supermarket and self-service store chains, including Walmex, Soriana, Chedraui (which acquired 29 Carrefour stores) and Gigante, as well as small family-owned neighborhood stores and street markets, in each region in which we do business. In addition, certain major U.S. and international retailers have established joint ventures with Mexican companies or have acquired the majority of shares to control businesses which compete with our stores (for example, Wal-Mart controls Walmex). Walmex currently has the highest market share in Mexico based on net sales. The Costco membership warehouses compete with Sam’s Club, a self-service warehouse owned by Walmex, and our hypermarkets and other stores face competition from Soriana, Chedraui and Gigante and other U.S. and international retailers. Additional U.S. and international retailers may enter the market in Mexico in the future either through joint ventures or directly. In addition, certain of our stores, which are located in the same shopping areas, compete with each other. We believe that our principal competitive factors for our stores are location, price, cleanliness, promotion, customer service and quality of merchandise. See "Key Information-Risk Factors-Risk Factors Related to Our Business-We Participate in a Very Competitive Market and Increased Competition May Adversely Affect Our Business."
In 2005, we were one of the largest retail companies in Mexico as measured by net sales. By the same measure, Walmex is the largest retail company in Mexico. We have a significant presence in the Mexico City metropolitan area and the Central Region, where approximately 72.0% of the selling area of our stores was located as of December 31, 2005.
The restaurant business in Mexico is also highly competitive. Restaurantes California compete with numerous regional and national fast-food restaurant chains, local restaurants and prepared food establishments and street markets. In addition, certain U.S. fast-food restaurant chains, including McDonalds, Burger King, Kentucky Fried Chicken, Dominos Pizza and Pizza Hut, have opened restaurants in Mexico. We believe that Restaurantes California compete on the basis of high-quality food, fast service, cleanliness, attractive architecture and decoration and innovative promotion.
Government Regulation
Aspects of the retail restaurant business, including our Restaurantes California operations, are subject to regulation directly or indirectly by various Mexican federal, state and local governmental agencies. The most significant of these agencies are the Secretaria de Economia, or the Ministry of Economy, and the Secretaria de Salud, or Ministry of Health, of Mexico.
The Ministry of Economy regulates the prices at which we can sell some medicines. The Ministry of Economy also verifies that all imported products have a label in Spanish specifying the products origin and ingredients and the company importing the product. Although there are no price controls currently in effect in Mexico, in the past the Mexican government has enacted price controls that cover products that we sell. There is no assurance that price controls may not be imposed by the Mexican government in the future.
The Ministry of Health establishes minimum standards for cleanliness of our stores and restaurants. We believe that we are in compliance in all material respects with the regulations of the Ministry of Economy and that our operations meet or exceed all requirements imposed by the Ministry of Health.
Our expansion plan depends upon obtaining the licenses, permits and zoning approvals necessary to build on and develop the sites for our stores and restaurants. We also maintain licenses, such as licenses to sell liquor, which are granted by governmental agencies and which we consider important to our business.
Our compliance with Mexican federal, state and local provisions that regulate the discharge of materials into the environment has not had and is not expected to have a material effect upon our capital expenditures, earnings or competitive position.
Trademarks
We own and use various trademarks in our business, the most important being "Comercial Mexicana," "Sumesa," "Mega Comercial Mexicana," "Restaurantes California," and the pelican symbol identified with our stores. In addition, the Costco de Mexico Group joint venture has a license from Costco to use in Mexico the "Costco" service mark. We actively protect our intellectual property rights.
Organizational Structure
Following is a list of our significant subsidiaries, all of which are incorporated in Mexico:
| Activity as of December 31, 2005 | Percentage Ownership as of December 31, 2005(1) |
Subsidiary holding companies: | | |
Tiendas Comercial Mexicana, S.A. de C.V... | Operates a chain of 142 stores | 100% |
Tiendas Sumesa, S.A. de C.V...................... | Operates a chain of 21 stores. | 100% |
Restaurantes California, S.A. de C.V............ | Operates a chain of 62 restaurants. | 100% |
Costco de Mexico, S.A. de C.V.................. | Operates a chain of 28 membership warehouses. | 50% |
Real estate subsidiaries................................. | Operate as a real estate group. | 100% |
Distribution companies................................. | Operate our distribution facilities. | 100% |
Subsidiary service companies....................... | Operate as a services group. | 100% |
________
(1) Percentage ownership directly by CCM or by CCM and other subsidiaries of CCM.
In accordance with Mexican GAAP, supplementary applied the International Accounting Standard No. 31 "Interests in Joint Ventures" to account for our investment in Costco de Mexico Group Joint Venture under the proportional consolidation method.
Property, Plant and Equipment
Our properties primarily consist of different store formats, restaurants and distribution centers, most of which are located in the Mexico City metropolitan area. In addition, as of December 31, 2005, we had approximately 7.0 million square feet in land reserve. Our principal executive offices are located in the Mexico City metropolitan area.
We opened a new distribution center in the Mexico City metropolitan area in August 2003. The distribution center has a storage capacity of 538,195 square feet. The distribution center allows us to negotiate better prices with suppliers, who can place their products in one centralized location rather than in several different locations.
We also currently operate a 377,000 square feet distribution center in the Mexico City metropolitan area for perishable items, which we plan to replace when we open a new distribution center. The site for this new distribution center has been acquired and we expect construction to start in 2006.
The Costco de Mexico Group joint venture operates a 538,000 square feet distribution center in the Mexico City metropolitan area.
We own, develop and lease real estate to support our operations and expansion plans. We continuously study potential new locations and make decisions regarding new stores and restaurant locations based on, among other things, the location’s population, income demographics, traffic, public transportation, access to streets, zoning and other services and facilities. The Costco de Mexico Group joint venture uses similar criteria to select suitable real estate for its operations.
At December 31, 2005, we owned approximately 78.7% of the land on which our stores are located, and we own the land on which 43 of the 62 Restaurantes California are located. Substantially all of the remaining land on which our stores and restaurants are located is leased from independent third parties. Leases have a 15 year term on average, with one or more options to extend or renew. Approximately 85% of our stores and restaurants that lease land (representing 27% of our total stores and restaurants) have leases which will expire between 2006 and 2010. The lease agreements for the stores and restaurants generally provide for rent payments calculated as a percentage of monthly net sales, ranging from 1.5% to 3.25% for stores and from 5% to 9% for restaurants, with a minimum guaranteed rental.
The following table sets forth our owned and rented retail space by total selling area, selling area as percentage of total area and number of our stores at December 31, 2005.
| At December 31, 2005 |
| Total Selling Area (in sq. ft.)(1) | Percentage Total Selling Area | Number of Stores |
Owned properties............................................................................... | 11,384,000 | 78.7% | 136 |
Leased properties............................................................................... | 3,087,999 | 21.3 | 55 |
Total................................................................................................... | 14,471,999 | 100.0% | 191 |
______________
(1) Assuming the five stores acquired from Auchan in 2003 are leased properties. Had these five stores been treated as owned, the total selling area for owned properties would have been 12,140,664 sq.ft. (83.9% of the total selling area) and the total selling area for leased properties would have been 2,331,335 sq.ft. (16.1% of the total selling area).
The following table sets forth our owned and leased retail space by store format, number of stores and total area at December 31, 2005.
| At December 31, 2005 |
Store Format | Owned | Leased | Total | Total Selling Area |
Comercial Mexicana..................................................................... | 40 | 21 | 61 | 4,092,678 |
Bodega........................................................................................... | 25 | 11 | 36 | 2,130,783 |
Mega(1).......................................................................................... | 37 | 8 | 45 | 4,783,520 |
Sumesa........................................................................................... | 7 | 14 | 21 | 211,780 |
Costco............................................................................................ | 27 | 1 | 28 | 3,253,238 |
______________
(1) Considering the five stores acquired from Auchan in 2003 are leased properties.
Our real estate subsidiaries have also engaged in the development of shopping centers in which Comercial Mexicana stores have participated as anchor tenants, with the remaining space being leased to third parties. Currently we have over 2,093 commercial tenants, with approximately 1,750,300 square feet under lease, from which we receive income.
We have a land reserve of unimproved land for future development of approximately 7.0 million square feet in the Mexico City metropolitan area and in the Central Region, and other cities in Mexico, which management expects will be sufficient for substantially all of our expansion plans for 2006 and 2007 whether or not economic conditions in Mexico continue to improve. Because it is increasingly difficult to locate larger plots of land suitable for store sites within Mexico City, we are increasingly considering acquiring land outside of Mexico City, primarily in the suburbs of Mexico City and in the Central Region.
Insurance
We maintain all risk and first loss insurance policies (including insurance for losses resulting from hurricanes and earthquakes) and business interruption insurance with an insurance value up to Ps.32.4 billion (calculated on the basis of the maximum foreseeable loss) with a maximum per claim of Ps.1.8 billion (calculated on the basis of the maximum foreseeable loss) per location, and a limit up to Ps.8.1 billion per event. The fixed assets at each of our locations are covered on a replacement cost of market value basis. We also maintain a transit insurance policy that protects against loss for shipment up to Ps.88.5 million per shipment. We maintain comprehensive liability insurance policies with an insured limit of up to Ps.300.0 million per event per location.
Item 5. Operating and Financial Review and Prospects
You should read the following discussion together with our audited year-end financial statements and the accompanying notes appearing elsewhere in this annual report.
This annual report contains forward-looking statements that reflect our plans, estimates and beliefs. Our actual results could differ materially from those discussed in the forward-looking statements. Factors that could cause or contribute to these differences include, but are not limited to, those discussed below and elsewhere in this annual report, particularly in "Key Information-Risk Factors." In addition to the other information in this annual report, investors should consider carefully the following discussion and the information set forth under "Key Information-Risk Factors" before evaluating us and our business. See "Key Information-Forward-Looking Statements."
Our financial statements have been prepared in accordance with Mexican GAAP, which differs in significant respects from U.S. GAAP. Note 17 to our financial statements provides a description of the principal differences between Mexican GAAP and U.S. GAAP as they relate to us, and a reconciliation to U.S. GAAP of net income and other items for the years ended December 31, 2003, 2004 and 2005 and stockholders’ equity as of December 31, 2004 and 2005. Any reconciliation to U.S. GAAP may reveal significant differences between our stockholders’ equity, net income and other items as reported under Mexican GAAP and U.S. GAAP. See "Key Information-Risk Factors-Risk Factors Related to Mexico-Differences Between Mexican GAAP and U.S. GAAP May Have an Impact on the Presentation of Our Financial Information."
Overview
Our operations are conducted entirely in Mexico. Consequently, our historical financial results have been, and our financial results are expected to continue to be, materially affected by the general level of economic activity and growth of per capita disposable income in Mexico. This is particularly the case in the Mexico City metropolitan area and in the Central Region, where we derived approximately 72.0% of our net sales for the year ended December 31, 2005.
Historically, the results of Mexican retailers have been closely correlated with changes in Mexican GDP. Over the last five years, Mexican GDP has increased at an average annual rate of 3.0%, while Mexico has experienced low inflation rates and a stable macroeconomic environment. This growth and stability has resulted in an expansion in domestic consumption, which has benefited retail businesses. In recent years, however, as competition has increased, results of operations for retailers like us have also increasingly been affected by competition. Competitive pressures may decrease our sales, as consumers migrate to our competitor’s stores, and reduce our margins, as we reduce prices to maintain market share. See "Key Information-Risk Factors-Risk Factors Related to Our Business-We Participate in a Very Competitive Market and Increased Competition May Adversely Affect Our Business."
We maintain our financial records in Pesos. The Mexican Institute of Public Accountants has issued Bulletin B-10, "Recognition of the Effects of Inflation on Financial Information," and Bulletin B-12, "Statement of Changes in Financial Position." These bulletins outline the inflation accounting method that is mandatory for all companies reporting under Mexican GAAP. Under Bulletin B-10, all financial information is presented in constant Pesos (having the same purchasing power for each period indicated taking into account inflation) as of the date of the most recent balance sheet. The presentation of financial information in constant Pesos is intended to recognize certain effects of inflation on the financial statements and to permit comparisons between comparable periods in comparable monetary units. The result of this adjustment is that growth rates between periods are stated in "real" terms, eliminating the general effects of inflation. Except where otherwise indicated, financial data for all periods in the financial statements and throughout this annual report have been restated in constant Pesos with purchasing power as of December 31, 2005. See Note 2 to our financial statements.
Under Mexican GAAP, inventories are stated at cost using the retail method, which, because of our rapid inventory turnover, approximates replacement cost. The cost of sales is restated using methods that recognize the replacement cost of merchandise at the time of sale. Bulletin B-10 requires us to restate non-monetary assets at current replacement cost, to restate non-monetary liabilities using the NCPI and to restate the components of stockholders’ equity using the NCPI.
In accordance with Bulletin B-10, we are required to report, as a gain or loss on our net monetary position, the effects of inflation on our monetary assets and liabilities. This net amount reflects the gain or loss arising from holding net monetary liabilities or assets in an inflationary period because over time a monetary liability can be settled for units of less purchasing power whereas a monetary asset decreases in value in real terms. Our operations generate monetary assets (primarily in the form of cash and temporary investments and general accounts and notes receivables) while our trade and accounts payable and borrowings constitute monetary liabilities.
Under Bulletin A-8, "Supplementary Application of International Accounting Standards," Mexican companies are required to refer to International Accounting Standards, or IASs, for guidance in determining accounting requirements when an accounting principle has not been formally promulgated in Mexico. No accounting principle has been formally promulgated in Mexico regarding the accounting and reporting for interests in joint ventures. Accordingly, we follow the provisions of IAS 31, "Financial Reporting for Interests in Joint Ventures," which requires that companies report joint ventures using the "proportionate consolidation," or pro rata method. As a result, we consolidate on a pro rata basis 50% (equivalent to our interest in the joint venture) of the assets, liabilities, income and expenses of the Costco de Mexico Group joint venture. For U.S. GAAP purposes, this investment would be treated as an equity investment, however CCM has adopted to avail itself the SEC accommodation to omit reconciling differences related to the classification or display and instead provides summarized footnote disclosure of the amounts proportionally consolidated. See Note 17 to our financial statements. Unless otherwise indicated, the discussion and financial data below reflects only 50% of those operations.
In February 2003, we acquired Auchan’s operations in Mexico, consisting of five hypermarket stores located in the Central Region. These five stores have an aggregate selling area of approximately 495,139 square feet. We currently operate these stores under the Mega format. The purchase price for the acquisition of the corporations consists of six installment payments. In 2003 we paid U.S.$15.0 million, in 2004 we paid U.S.$20.0 million, in 2005 we paid U.S.$25 million and in 2006 we paid U.S.$20.0 million. We are required to make additional payments of U.S.$20.0 million in each of 2007 and 2008. The stock of the Mexican corporations that hold the fixed assets of these stores are presently held in an escrow. The stock will not be released from this escrow, and we will not acquire title to the stock, until the purchase price is paid in full to the sellers. If we do not pay the purchase price in full when due, we will not obtain title to the stock and will have no rights to be repaid the amounts we previously paid to Auchan. In addition, there are certain restrictive covenants that limit the operations of the business until the purchase price is paid to the seller. See "Key Information-Risk Factors-Risk Factors Related to Our Business-Our Acquisition of the Mexican Operations of Auchan Is Dependent on Payment of the Purchase Price Due and Failure to Pay Will Result in Forfeiture of Auchan Properties and All Amounts Paid."
As used herein, the term "same store sales" reflects the sales of our stores operating throughout the same months of both financial periods compared. If a store did not operate for a full month of either of the financial periods being compared, we exclude its sales for such month from both financial periods. For example, if a new store was opened on July 1, 2004 and operated throughout the last six months of 2004, (1) our "same store sales" data would include the sales of that store for the last six months of 2004 and the last six months of 2005 and (2) we would account for the sales of the new store during the first six months of 2005 as sales from a newly opened store. Our calculations of same store sales data may differ from same store sales calculations of other retailers.
In computing sales per retail square foot for a period, we divide total store sales for the full period by the aggregate retail square footage at the end of such period. Accordingly, stores that are opened for less than the full period have the effect of decreasing store sales per retail square foot, and stores that are closed prior to the end of the full period have the opposite effect. Similarly, in computing average annual sales per store, we divide total store sales for the full period by the number of stores at the end of the period, and in computing sales per operating employee, we divide total stores sales for the full period by the number of operating employees at the end of the period.
As used herein, the term "operating employees" includes all employees at our stores and distribution centers, other than administrative employees and employees of our restaurants.
As used herein, the terms "retail square footage" or "selling space" mean the square footage of space in our stores from the cash registers (including accompanying displays) to the back of our stores (excluding any warehouse space).
Effects of Devaluation and Inflation
The following table sets forth, for the periods indicated:
- the percentage that the Mexican Peso devalued or appreciated against the U.S. Dollar;
- the Mexican inflation rate;
- the U.S. inflation rate;
- the percentage that Mexican GDP changed as compared to the prior period; and
- the percentage change in the Mexican retail sector as compared to the prior period.
| Year ended December 31, |
| 2003 | 2004 | 2005 |
Devaluation (appreciation) of the Mexican Peso as compared to the U.S. Dollar (1) ... | 8.0 % | (0.7)% | (4.7)% |
Mexican inflation rate (2) ........................................................................................... | 4.0 | 5.2 | 3.3 |
U.S. inflation rate ....................................................................................................... | 1.9 | 3.3 | 3.1 |
Increase in Mexican GDP (3) ..................................................................................... | 1.3 | 4.4 | 3.0 |
Increase in the Mexican retail sector (4) ..................................................................... | 1.1 | 3.5 | 8.6 |
______________
(1) Based on changes in the Interbank Rates, as reported by Banamex, at the end of each period, which were as follows: Ps.10.395 per U.S. Dollar as of December 31,2002, Ps.11.232 per U.S. Dollar as of December 31, 2003, Ps.11.151 per U.S. Dollar as of December 31, 2004 and Ps.10.627 per U.S. Dollar as of December 31, 2005
(2) Based on changes in the NCPI from the previous period, as reported by the Mexican Central Bank, which were as follows:, 102.9 in 2002, 106.9 in 2003, 112.5 in 2004 and 116.39 in 2005.
(3) As reported by the Instituto Nacional de Estadistica, Geografia e Informática, or INEGI, and, in the case of GDP information for 2002, 2003, 2004 and 2005, as estimated by INEGI.
(4) As reported by the Mexican National Association of Self-service and Department Stores, or ANTAD.
The general condition of the Mexican economy, the devaluation of the Peso as compared to the U.S. Dollar, inflation and high interest rates have adversely affected, and may in the future adversely affect, our financial conditions and results of operations. Inflation also affects consumer demand, our ability to raise prices, supplier prices, employment rates, competitive factors and consumer purchasing power. In addition to the extent inflation exceeds our price increases, our prices and revenues will be adversely affected in "real" terms. See "Key Information-Risk Factors-Risk Factors Related to Mexico."
Seasonality
Our retail business reflects seasonal patterns of consumer spending and our total net sales and operating results vary from quarter to quarter. We have historically incurred a higher percentage of our overall net sales in the third quarter in connection with the "Julio Regalado" promotion and in the fourth quarter in connection with the Christmas holiday season. Any significant reduction in the third or fourth quarter revenue could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Critical Accounting Policies
We prepare our consolidated financial statements in conformity with Mexican GAAP, which requires management to make certain estimates and subjective judgments or decisions. We base our estimates, judgments and decisions on historical experience, current trends and other factors that management believes to be important at the time the consolidated financial statements are prepared. On a regular basis, management reviews our accounting policies and how they are applied and disclosed in our consolidated financial statements. We continually evaluate the information used to make these estimates as our business and the economic environment change.
While we believe that the historical experience, current trends and other factors considered support the preparation of our consolidated financial statements in conformity with Mexican GAAP, actual results could differ from our estimates, and such differences could be material.
We believe that the following accounting policies include a higher degree of judgment and/or complexity and, thus, are considered to be critical accounting policies. Our management has discussed the development and selection of our critical accounting policies with the audit committee of our board of directors and the audit committee has reviewed our disclosures relating to them.
Inventories
Inventories are valued under the retail inventory method, or RIM. Under RIM, the valuation of inventories at cost and the resulting gross margins are calculated by applying a calculated cost-to retail ratio to the retail value of inventories. RIM is an averaging method that is widely used in the retail industry due to its practicality. The use of RIM results in an inventory valuation at the lower of cost or market when markdowns deemed to be a permanent change in value are taken separately as a reduction of the retail value of inventories.
Inherent in the RIM calculation are certain significant management judgments and estimates including, among others, merchandise mark-ups and markdowns, which significantly impact the ending inventory valuation at cost as well as resulting gross margins. To reduce the potential for variances in the valuation of inventory, our RIM utilizes four different categories (Groceries, General Merchandise, Clothing and Perishables) divided into several sections or departments in which similar classes of merchandise inventories are valued under the same standards. Historically, we have rarely experienced significant variances in the valuation of inventory. However, future changes in circumstances and inappropriate management’s estimations could cause our inventory to be inappropriately valuated and as a consequence, the possible variances would have to be charged against the cost of sales.
In addition, we estimate shrinkage inventory that may be caused by employee theft, shoplifting, breakage, spoilage, possible errors in recordkeeping and unrecorded markdowns as a percentage of net sales. We periodically evaluate our provisions for shrinkage and adjust it based on historical amounts. Shrinkage can vary significantly between stores and merchandising departments and we may adjust the shrinkage estimates as circumstances change.
Revenue recognition
Our principle source of income is derived from sales to customers. Revenue from product sales is recognized at the point of sale, except for layaway transactions, which are recognized when the customer makes full payment and takes possession of the merchandise in question. Defective merchandise returned by customers is either returned to the supplier or is destroyed and reimbursement is sought from the supplier, which, in most cases, accepts our reimbursement claim.
Discounts provided to customers at the point of sale are recognized as a reduction in sales as the products are sold. We monitor our revenue recognition figures using a variety of tools. One of our most important tracking tools is the daily revenue reports received by the stores, which are reconciled with register reports and receipts. This information is gathered at the store level, then combined and reviewed in our central accounting department, in order to identify any possible distortion.
Property, equipment and leasehold improvement
Property, equipment and leasehold improvement are stated at cost, less accumulated depreciation, and restated in accordance with Mexican GAAP (Bulletin B-10) by applying factors derived from the NCPI to historical costs. Depreciation of buildings, equipment, and other depreciable assets is primarily determined using the straight-line method. Expenditures that substantially improve and/or increase the useful life of facilities or equipment are capitalized. Maintenance and repair costs are expensed as incurred. Gains and losses on retirements are included in income as they occur.
Property, equipment and leasehold improvement are evaluated for possible impairment on a specific asset basis or in groups of similar assets, as applicable, whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. Recoverability of assets to be held and used is measured by a comparison of the carrying amount of an asset to estimate discounted future net cash flows to be generated by the asset or group of assets. If the carrying amount of an asset or group of assets exceeds its estimated future cash flows, an impairment loss is recognized for the amount by which the carrying amount of the asset exceeds the fair value of the asset. Assets to be disposed of are reported at the lower of the carrying amount or fair value less costs to sell, and depreciation ceases.
The key factors for property, equipment and leasehold improvement policy are the estimation of the useful lives of our various asset types, the election to primarily utilize the straight-line method for recording depreciation, management’s judgment regarding appropriate capitalization or expensing of costs related to fixed assets, and management’s determination regarding impairment of any asset or group of assets. The estimation of useful lives for fixed assets impacts the level of annual depreciation expense recorded. Utilization of the straight-line method for recording depreciation or any of the other acceptable methods for depreciating assets results in the same amount of depreciation over the life of an asset; however, the amount of annual depreciation expense and the resulting carrying amount of net property, equipment and leasehold improvement will vary significantly depending on the method elected. Our management believes that the straight-line method results in the most accurate recognition of periodic depreciation expense for all of our assets. Our management’s evaluation of whether an expenditure related to property, equipment and leasehold improvement substantially improves and/or increases the useful life of an asset and is appropriately capitalized as an addition to the asset’s cost basis or is expensed as normal maintenance and repair expense also can significantly affect results of operations for a given period as well as our financial position. Our management has also evaluated any asset or group of assets for which potential impairment might exist and has determined that there are none requiring an impairment write-down as of December 31, 2005. This process requires management’s estimate of future cash flows generated by each asset or group of assets. For any instance where this evaluation process might indicate an impairment exists, the appropriate asset’s carrying values would be written down to fair value and the amount of the write-down would be charged against the results of continuing operations.
Accounting for income taxes
In the preparation of our consolidated financial statements we are required to estimate our expected income taxes. This process involves an estimation of our actual current tax and an assessment of temporary differences resulting from differing treatment of items for tax and accounting purposes. These differences result in deferred assets and liabilities, which are included within our consolidated balance sheet. We must then assess the likelihood that our deferred assets will be recovered from future taxable income and to the extent we believe that recovery is not likely, we must establish a valuation allowance. To the extent we establish a valuation allowance or increase this allowance in a period, we must include a charge against the tax provision in the statement of operations.
Significant management judgment is required in determining our provision for income taxes, our deferred tax assets and liabilities and any valuation allowance recorded against our net deferred tax asset. The valuation allowance is based on our estimates of taxable income and the period over which our deferred tax asset will be recoverable. In the event that actual results differ from these estimates or we adjust these estimates in future periods we may need to establish an additional valuation allowance which could materially impact our financial position and results of operations.
Financial Instruments
The Company historically has used derivatives to manage its exposure to changes in interest rates and foreign exchange. As required by Statement C-10 of the Mexican Accounting pronouncement, as amended, the definition of derivatives requires that derivatives be carried at fair value on the balance sheet and Statement C-10 provides for hedge accounting when certain conditions are met. In accordance with this standard, the Company’s derivative financial instruments are recognized on the balance sheet at fair value. Changes in the fair value of derivative instruments designed as "cash flow" hedge, to the extent the hedges are highly effective, are recorded in comprehensive income, net of tax effects. Ineffective proportions of cash flow hedges, if any, are recognized in current period earnings. Other comprehensive income or loss is reclassified into current period earnings when the hedge transaction affects earnings. Changes in the fair value of derivative instruments designed as "fair value" hedges, along with corresponding changes in the fair values of the hedged assets or liabilities, are recorded in the current period earnings.
Derivatives that are no designed as hedging instruments are classified as trading assets and liabilities; the gain or loss is recognized in the earnings in the period of change.
The table below summarizes the outstanding currency derivatives designed as hedges of December 31, 2005 and December 31 2004.
| 2005 | 2004 |
| Fair Value | Notional Amount | Due Date | Fair Value | Notional Amount | Due Date |
Cash Flow Hedges | | | | | | |
Exchange rate options | Ps 551,285 | | 2006-2009 | | | |
Buy | | 21,614,046 | | | | |
Sale | | 4,966,004 | | | | |
Exchange rate Swaps | 103,256 | 2,125,420 | 2015 | | | |
| | | | | | |
Trading Derivatives | | | | | | |
Interest rate swaps | Ps 46,218 | Ps 2,125,420 | 2015 | Ps (186,925) | Ps 3,719,640 | 2005 |
Exchange rate options | 464,283 | | 2006-2010 | 229,138 | 546,342 | 2005 |
Buy | | 7,352,303 | | | | |
Sale | | 8,653,648 | | | | |
Exchange rate swaps | 362,402 | 5,581,353 | 2015 | - | - | - |
Exchange rate forwards | - | - | - | 58,183 | 367,983 | 2005 |
| | | | | | |
Embedded derivatives | (220,882) | | | - | | |
The notional amount of derivative financial instruments is represented by US dollars valued at the exchange rate of $10.627 pesos per dollar. Notional amounts (in US dollars) related to derivative financial instruments reflect the volume of operations. However, they do not reflect amounts at risk. Amounts at risk are generally limited to the unrealized profit or loss from valuation to market of those instruments.
For the year-ended December 31, 2005, a $664,541 change in the fair value of cash flow hedges was recorded within stockholders’ equity net of Ps.183, 271 of deferred tax. Cash flow hedges are utilized to protect the Company from exchange rate risk associated with payments for the acquisition of production materials or investment activities during the next four years, interest and principal payments associated with a foreign currency debt issuance that will be made during the next 10 years.
Results of Operations
General
The following table sets forth consolidated income statement data for the years ended December 31, 2003, 2004 and 2005 as presented in our audited year end financial statements, expressed as a percentage of consolidated net sales.
| Year Ended December 31, |
| 2003 | 2004 | 2005 |
Net sales (millions pesos as of December 31, 2005)........................................... | 38,004 | 38,842 | 40,309 |
Cost of sales ..................................................................................................... | (80.0)% | (79.8)% | (79.0)% |
Gross profit................................................................................................ | 20.0 | 20.2 | 21.0 |
Selling, general and administrative expenses: | | | |
Selling......................................................................................................... | (13.8) | (13.6) | (13.6) |
Administrative............................................................................................. | (2.2) | (1.9) | (1.8) |
Total selling, general and administrative expenses......................................... | (16.0) | (15.5) | (15.4) |
Operating income............................................................................................ | 4.0 | 4.7 | 5.6 |
Integral result of financing: | | | |
Interest expense........................................................................................ | (0.9) | (0.8) | (1.1) |
Gain (loss) from forward agreements......................................................... | - | 0.2 | 1.4 |
Interest income.......................................................................................... | 0.1 | 0.2 | 0.2 |
Loss from repurchase of notes................................................................... | (0.1) | - | - |
Foreign exchange loss, net......................................................................... | (0.3) | - | - |
Gain from monetary position...................................................................... | 0.7 | 0.8 | 0.6 |
Total integral results of financing................................................................ | (0.5) | (0.4) | 1.5 |
Other income (expense), net.................................................................... | 0.2 | (0.1) | (1.3) |
Provisions for income taxes and employee statutory profit sharing.................... | (0.7) | (0.5) | 0.8 |
Income before minority interest...................................................................... | 3.0 | 4.6 | 4.6 |
Minority interest............................................................................................. | - | - | - |
Net income.................................................................................................... | 3.0% | 4.6% | 4.5% |
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Segment Disclosures
Our business is operated in three segments: (1) the CM Group, which comprises our core business and includes the Comercial Mexicana and Bodega supermarkets and Mega hypermarkets, (2) the Costco de Mexico Group, which consists of our 50% interest in the joint venture with Costco and (3) the Other Group, which includes our Sumesa stores and Restaurantes California. Operating decisions are made separately for the Costco de Mexico Group. Under Mexican GAAP, segment disclosure must be made in respect of net sales, depreciation and amortization, net income and certain balance sheet items. Information about our segments is provided below.
As of and for the year ended December 31, 2005 | CCM Group | Costco de México Group Joint Venture | Other Group | Total |
Net sales .................................... | Ps 30,134,625 | Ps. 8,398,566 | Ps 1,775,664 | Ps 40,308,855 |
Cost of sales ............................... | 23,524,254 | 7,204,808 | 1,101,605 | 31,830,667 |
Gross profit ................................ | 6,610,371 | 1,193,758 | 674,059 | 8,478,188 |
Selling, general and administrative expenses .................................... | 4,777,562 | 839,354 | 583,120 | 6,200,036 |
Operating income........................ | 1,832,810 | 354,405 | 90,937 | 2,278,152 |
Integral result of financing ........... | 633,939 | (12,124) | (1,134) | 620,681 |
Other income ............................. | (561,191) | 19,140 | 22,599 | (519,452) |
Income taxes (1) ....................... | 197,182 | 120,431 | 14,893 | 332,506 |
Net income ............................... | 1,550,128 | 226,957 | 54,580 | 1,831,665 |
Property, equipment and leasehold and owned buildings improvement. | Ps. 17,744,510 | Ps. 3,246,472 | Ps. 736,118 | Ps. 21,727,100 |
Liabilities ................................... | 5,967,931 | 845,483 | 180,035 | 6,993,449 |
Capital expenditures .................. | 2,057,049 | 515,863 | 110,757 | 2,683,669 |
As of and for the year ended December 31, 2004 | CCM Group | Costco de México Group Joint Venture | Other Group | Total |
Net sales ...................................... | Ps. 29,423,734 | Ps. 7,818,627 | Ps. 1,599,770 | Ps. 38,842,131 |
Cost of sales ................................ | 23,234,988 | 6,771,323 | 974,323 | 30,980,634 |
Gross profit .................................. | 6,188,747 | 1,047,304 | 625,446 | 7,861,497 |
Selling, general and administrative expenses | 4,741,171 | 746,554 | 545,321 | 6,033,046 |
Operating income......................... | 1,447,576 | 300,750 | 80,124 | 1,828,451 |
Integral result of financing ............. | 154,712 | (23,729) | 50,935 | 181,918 |
Other income ............................... | (17,749) | 11,620 | 25,873 | 19,744 |
Income taxes (1)........................... | 172,685 | 23,219 | 11,831 | 207,735 |
Net income .................................. | 1,435,440 | 293,505 | 45,898 | 1,774,843 |
Property, equipment and leasehold and owned buildings improvements .... | Ps. 16,200,500 | Ps. 2,923,701 | Ps. 660,813 | Ps. 19,785,014 |
Liabilities..................................... | 6,351,174 | 964,812 | 125,104 | 7,441,090 |
Capital expenditures ................... | 1,562,532 | 455,038 | 86,018 | 2,103,588 |
As of and for the year ended December 31, 2003 | CM Group | Costco de Mexico Group(1) | Other Group | Total |
Net sales....................................................... | Ps. 29,361,761 | Ps. 7,183,743 | Ps 1,458,703 | Ps. 38,004,207 |
Cost of sales.................................................. | 23,236,291 | 6,278,866 | 880,549 | 30,395,706 |
Gross profit................................................... | 6,125,470 | 904,877 | 578,154 | 7,608,501 |
Selling, general and administrative expenses .. | 4,896,772 | 676,539 | 507,589 | 6,080,900 |
Operating income.......................................... | 1,228,698 | 228,338 | 70,565 | 1,527,601 |
Integral results of financing............................. | 247,641 | (40,087) | (4,818) | 202,736 |
Income taxes(2)............................................ | 209,521 | 33,876 | 18,098 | 261,495 |
Net income................................................... | 830,871 | 243,908 | 47,447 | 1,122,226 |
Property, equipment and leasehold improvements | Ps. 15,221,790 | Ps. 2,585,669 | Ps. 616,610 | Ps. 18,424,069 |
Liabilities....................................................... | 5,613,279 | 985,981 | 88,989 | 6,688,249 |
Capital expenditures...................................... | 1,255,593 | 354,183 | 59,822 | 1,669,598 |
(1) Reflects only 50% of the operations of the Costco de Mexico Group joint venture since we consolidate our 50% investment in the joint venture under the proportionate consolidation method of accounting.
(2) Amounts include current and deferred income tax, asset tax and employee’s profit sharing.
For an understanding of the significant factors that influenced our performance during the past three fiscal years, the following discussion should be read in conjunction with our audited year end consolidated financial statements and the related notes appearing elsewhere in this annual report. We intend for this discussion to provide you with information that will assist you in understanding our financial statements, the changes in certain key items in those financial statements from year to year, the primary factors that accounted for those changes, as well as how certain accounting principles affect our financial statements. The discussion also provides information about the financial results of the various segments of our business so that you may better understand how those segments and their results affect the financial condition and results of operations of our company as a whole.
Comparison of fiscal years ended December 31, 2005 and December 31, 2004
Overview
We had 191 stores and 62 restaurants at the end of 2005 compared to 181 stores and 58 restaurants at the end of 2004. In 2005, we opened two Comercial Mexicanas, four Bodegas, four Megas, two Sumesas, three Costco membership warehouses and five Restaurantes California. During 2005, we closed one Restaurante California and five Comercial Mexicana and also converted two Comercial Mexicanas to Mega formats. In 2004, we opened four Megas, two Costco membership warehouses, two Sumesas and two Restaurantes California. During 2004, we closed one Bodega, one Mega and three Restaurantes California. Retail sales area increased 6.8% to 14,472,000 square feet at the end of 2005 from 13,551,320 square feet at the end of 2004, after having increased 3.9% from 13,037,452 square feet at the end of 2003.
Net Sales
Our consolidated net sales increased 3.8% to Ps.40,308.9 million for 2005 from Ps.38,842.1 million for 2004, primarily as a result of increases in net sales from the opening of new stores and restaurants in our various segments and also as a result of the closed stores that participated with sales during the year. Consolidated same store sales increased 0.5% for 2005 as compared to 2004. Of our consolidated net sales for 2005, 74.8% were attributable to the operations of the CM Group, 20.8% were attributable to the operations of the Costco de Mexico Group and 4.4% were attributable to the operations of the Other Group.
CM Group
Net sales for the CM Group increased 2.4% to Ps.30,134.6 million in 2005 from Ps.29,423.7 million in 2004. This increase was primarily due to Ps.750.5 million in sales derived from two Comercial Mexicanas, four Bodegas and four Megas that opened in 2005 and Ps.213.4 million in additional sales from a full year of operations for one Bodega and one Mega that opened in 2004. This increase was offset by the closure of five Comercial Mexicanas in 2005 an additional decrease of Ps.242.8 million in sales in 2004 without contributing in 2005 and as of Ps.151.0 million in other income in 2005 as compared to Ps. 127.1 million in 2004. In 2004, sales decreased for seven stores that were remodeled during the year while they were in the process of remodeling, however sales for these stores increased by an average of 12.9% in 2005. Same store sales increased 0.2% to Ps.28,617.6 million for 2005 from Ps.28,572.8 million for 2004 as a result of an increase in the average customer ticket and the number of customers.
Net sales per retail square foot for the CM Group decreased 2.1% to Ps.2,729.3 per retail square foot in 2005 from Ps.2,787.0 per retail square foot in 2004 primarily as a result of the opening of stores in 2005 which had the effect of adding new floor space without contributing to a full year of sales. Net sales per operating employee decreased 5.9% to Ps.1,355.9 thousand in 2005 from Ps.1,441.4 thousand per operating employee in 2004 primarily as a result of an increase in employees in 2005 that did not contribute to a full year of sales.
Costco de Mexico Group
Net sales for the Costco de Mexico Group increased 7.4% to Ps.8,398.6 million in 2005 from Ps.7,818.6 million in 2004. This increase was primarily due to Ps.194.5 million in sales derived from three new Costco membership warehouses opened in 2005, and Ps. 337.7 for two units opened during 2004, Ps.45.2 million increase in same store sales and an increase of Ps.4.2 million in revenue from membership fees. Same store sales increased 0.59% for 2005 as compared to 2004.
Net sales per square foot for the Costco de Mexico Group (based on 100% of Costco de Mexico Group’s net sales) decreased 6.5% to Ps.5,163.2 per square foot in 2005 from Ps.5,520.0 in 2004 primarily as a result of Costco membership warehouses opening at the end of 2005 which had the effect of adding floor space without contributing to a full year of sales. Net sales per operating employee (based on 100% of the Costco de Mexico Group’s net sales and all of its operating employees) decreased 9.5% to Ps.2,000.1 thousand per operating employee in 2005 from Ps.2,210.2 thousand in 2004 primarily because the increase in net sales was higher than the increase in the number of employees.
Other Group
Net sales for the Other Group increased 11.0% to Ps.1,775.7 million in 2005 from Ps.1,599.8 million in 2004. Of this increase, Ps.25.5 million were generated by the opening of two Sumesas and five Restaurantes California during the year. Same store sales for the Sumesa format increased 4.9% for 2005 as compared to 2004.
Cost of Sales
Our consolidated cost of sales increased 2.7% to Ps.31,830.7 million in 2005 from Ps.30,980.6 million in 2004, while our cost of sales as a percentage of net sales decreased to 79.0% in 2005 from 79.8% in 2004. This decrease primarily reflected the efficiency of the Distribution Center and its ability to better negotiate with suppliers, as well as the effect of not participating in the government voucher program . Of our consolidated cost of sales for 2005, 73.9% were attributable to the operations of the CM Group, 22.6% were attributable to the operations of the Costco de Mexico Group and 3.5% were attributable to the operations of the Other Group.
CM Group
Cost of sales for the CM Group increased 1.7% to Ps. 23,524.2 million in 2005 from Ps. 23,235.0 million in 2004. The cost of sales as a percentage of net sales decreased from 79.0% in 2004 to 78.1% in 2005, primarily as a result of the increase in sales and the efficiency of the Distribution Center which reduced distribution costs and our decision not to participate in the Government of Mexico City voucher program. The increase in the same store sales also was due to the Company pricing policy and the improvement in cost of merchandise negotiations with suppliers.
Costco de Mexico Group
Cost of sales for the Costco Group increased 6.4% to Ps. 7,204.8 million in 2005 from Ps.6,771.3 million in 2004. Cost of sales as a percentage of net sales decreased from 86.1% in 2004 to 85.8% in 2005, primarily as a result of the increase in sales and efficiencies caused by our reduction in shrinkage.
Other Group
Cost of sales for the Other Group increased 13.1% to Ps. 1,101.6 million in 2005 from Ps. 974.6 in 2004. The cost of sales as a percentage of net sales increased from 60.1% in 2004 to 62.0% in 2005, primarily as a result of the sales of Sumesa in the total of the Other Group. Sumesa increased its sales 14.8% while its cost of sales was 79.8% in 2005. Restaurantes California increased its sales 5.0% while its cost of sales was 31.9% for the year 2005.
Gross Profit
As a result of the factors discussed above, our gross profit increased 7.8% to Ps.8,478.2 million in 2005 from Ps.7,861.5 million in 2004. Our gross profit as a percentage of net sales increased to 21.0% in 2005 from 20.2% in 2004. Of our gross profit for 2005, 78.0% was attributable to the operations of the CM Group, 14.0% was attributable to the operations of the Costco de Mexico Group and 8.0% was attributable to the operations of the Other Group.
CM Group
Gross profit for the CM Group increased 6.8% to Ps.6,610.4 million in 2005 from Ps.6,188.7 million in 2004. Gross profit as a percentage of net sales for the CM Group increased to 21.9% in 2005 from 21.0% in 2004.
Costco de Mexico Group
Gross profit for the Costco de Mexico Group increased 14.0% to Ps.1,193.7 million in 2005 from Ps.1,047.3 million in 2004 primarily as a result of a greater increase in net sales relative to cost of sales. Gross profit as a percentage of net sales for the Costco de Mexico Group increased to 14.2% in 2005 from 13.4% in 2004.
Other Group
Gross profit for the Other Group increased 7.8% to Ps.674.0 million in 2005 from Ps.625.4 million in 2004. Gross profit as a percentage of net sales for the Other Group was 38.0% in 2005 as compared to 39.1% in 2004.
Selling, General and Administrative Expenses
Our consolidated selling, general and administrative expenses increased 2.8% to Ps.6,200.0 million in 2005 from Ps.6,033.0 million in 2004, primarily as a result of an increase in utility expenses and bank fees offset in part by a reduction in salaries and marketing expenses due to improve negotiations and less expensive media. Of our operating expenses for 2005, 77.1% was attributable to the operations of the CM Group, 13.5% was attributable to the operations of the Costco de Mexico Group and 9.4% was attributable to the operations of the Other Group.
CM Group
Selling, general and administrative expenses for the CM Group increased 0.8% to Ps.4,777.6 million in 2005 from Ps.4,741.2 million in 2004, primarily as a result of increased expenses in the CM Group due to an increase in utility expenses and bank fees offset in part by a reduction in salaries and marketing expenses.
Costco de Mexico Group
Selling, general and administrative expenses for the Costco de Mexico Group increased 12.4% to Ps.839.4 million in 2005 from Ps.746.5 million in 2004, primarily as a result of new personnel at the three Costco membership warehouses opened in 2005.
Other Group
Selling, general and administrative expenses for the Other Group increased 6.9% to Ps.583.1 million in 2005 from Ps.545.3 million in 2004, while selling, general and administrative expenses as percentage of net sales of the Other Group decreased to 32.8% in 2005 from 34.1% in 2004. The decrease in the margin reflects that the fixed expenses remained constant while net sales increased in the year.
Operating Income
As a result of the factors described above, our consolidated operating income increased 24.6% to Ps.2,278.1 million in 2005 from Ps1,828.4 million in 2004. On a consolidated basis, our operating income as a percentage of net sales increased to 5.6% in 2005 from 4.7% in 2004.
CM Group
Operating income for the CM Group increased 26.6% to Ps.1,832.8 million in 2005 from Ps.1,447.6 million in 2004. Operating income for the CM Group as a percentage of net sales increased to 6.1% in 2005 from 4.9% in 2004.
Costco de Mexico Group
Operating income for the Costco de Mexico Group increased 17.8% to Ps.354.4 million in 2005 from Ps.300.7 million in 2004. Operating income for the Costco de Mexico Group as a percentage of net sales increased to 4.2% in 2005 from 3.8% in 2004.
Other Group
Operating income for the Other Group increased 13.5% to Ps.90.9 million in 2005 from Ps.80.1 million in 2004. Operating income for the Other Group as a percentage of net sales increased to 5.1% in 2005 from 5.0% in 2004.
Integral Result of Financing
Integral results of financing cost decreased to a loss of Ps.620.7 million in 2005 from a gain of Ps.181.9 million in 2004, primarily as a result of :
Interest expense increased by 44.0% to Ps.432 million in 2005 as compared to Ps.300 million in 2004. This was the result of the promotion of "Months without interest" that increased 88% from last year, interests and commissions that increased 17% from 2004. On June 1, 2005, we issued a private placement of U.S.$200 million aggregate principal amount of 6.625% Senior Notes due 2015 to restructure our indebtedness.
As can be seen, the Company’s income for the period shows a Ps.220,882 credit for valuation of implicit derivatives operations which have been segregated from service agreements and/or goods set in foreign currency that represent an exchange risk during their term. The valuation has been carried out as a forward for each of the established monthly and/or semi-annually obligations.
Interest income decreased 18.9% to Ps.64 million in 2005 as compared to Ps.79 million in 2004.
Foreign exchange loss decreased to Ps.86.8 million in 2005 from a gain of Ps.7.0 million in 2004 primarily as a result of a 4.7% revaluation of the Peso in 2005 compared to the 0.7% revaluation of the Peso in 2004.
The gain from monetary position decreased from Ps.236.4 million in 2005 to Ps.319.3 million in 2004 as a result of lower inflation, which was 3.3% in 2005 compared to 5.2% in 2004.
Other income was Ps.561.2 million in 2005 and Ps. 17.7 million in 2004. Other income as a percentage of net sales for the CM Group was 1.9% in 2005 and 0.06% in 2004.
Income Taxes and Employee Profit Sharing
The statutory rate of Mexican corporate income tax was 30% in 2005 and 33% in 2004. The income tax rate will be 29% in 2006 and 28% in 2007.
Our effective tax rate was 15% in 2005 and 8% in 2004. The increase in the effective tax rate was mainly due to a change in the statutory income tax rate. Tax loss carryforwards primarily arose from the timing difference between the tax and accounting treatment of inventory. See note 9 to the financial statements.
Net Income
As a result of the foregoing, consolidated net income increased 3.2% from Ps.1,831.6 million in 2005 to Ps.1,774.8 million in 2004. Net income as a percentage of net sales was 4.5% for 2005 as compared to 4.6% for 2004.
Comparison of fiscal years ended December 31, 2004 and December 31, 2003
Overview
We had 181 stores and 58 restaurants at the end of 2004 and 175 stores and 59 restaurants at the end of 2003. In 2004, we opened four Megas, two Costco membership warehouses, two Sumesas and two Restaurantes California. During 2004, we closed one Bodega, one Mega and three Restaurantes California. In 2003, we opened six Megas, two new Costco membership warehouses and four Restaurantes California. During 2003, we closed one Comercial Mexicana and two Bodegas. Retail sales area increased 3.9% to 13,551,320 square feet at the end of 2004 from 13,037,452 square feet at the end of 2003, after having increased 7.8% from 12,097,806 square feet at the end of 2002.
Net Sales
Our consolidated net sales increased 2.2% to Ps.38,842.1 million for 2004 from Ps.38,004.2 million for 2003, primarily due to an increase in net sales in the Costco de Mexico Group. Consolidated same store sales decreased 0.1% in 2004 as compared to 2003. Of our consolidated net sales for 2004, 75.8% were attributable to the operations of the CM Group, 20.1% were attributable to the operations of the Costco de Mexico Group and 4.1% were attributable to the operations of the Other Group.
CM Group
Net sales for the CM Group increased 0.2% to Ps.29,423.7 million in 2004 from Ps.29,361.7 million in 2003. This increase reflected Ps.492.7 million in additional sales from a full year of operations for six Megas that opened in 2003 and Ps.277.9 million in sales derived from the four Megas that opened in 2004. This increase was offset by the closure of one Mega and one Bodega in 2004 which contributed an additional Ps.469.0 million in sales in 2003 as compared to 2004, a decrease of Ps.208.0 million in same store sales, a decrease of Ps.24.0 million in the sales of six Comercial Mexicanas and one Mega that were being remodeled during 2004, and a decrease of Ps.7.6 million in other income in 2004 as compared to 2003. Same store sales decreased 0.7% for 2004 compared to 2003 primarily as a result of the adverse impact on customer traffic resulting from a public works project on a major highway in front of our highest revenue producing Mega.
Net sales per retail square foot for the CM Group decreased 1.8% to Ps.2,794.4 per retail square foot in 2004 from Ps.2,844.6 per retail square foot in 2003 as a result of the opening of stores in 2004 which had the effect of adding new floor space without contributing to a full year of sales. Net sales per operating employee increased 4.4% to Ps.1,445.2 thousand in 2004 from Ps.1,384.0 thousand per operating employee in 2003 primarily as a result of a reduction in employees at the store level due to improvements in our distribution process, which was partially offset by new personnel hired in conjunction with the opening of new stores.
Net sales for the CM Group also include other income which consists of rental income from commercial properties leased to third parties in shopping centers where one of our stores is an anchor tenant. Other income was Ps.59.8 million in 2004 and Ps.67.5 million in 2003. Other income as a percentage of net sales for the CM Group was 0.2% in both years.
Costco de Mexico Group
Net sales for the Costco de Mexico Group increased 8.8% to Ps.7,818.7 million in 2004 from Ps.7,183.8 million in 2003. This increase was primarily due to Ps.356.2 million in additional sales from a full year of operations for the two Costco membership warehouses that opened in 2003, Ps.172.9 million in sales derived from two new Costco membership warehouses opened in 2004, a Ps.96.1 million increase in same store sales and an increase of Ps.9.7 million in revenue from membership fees. Same store sales increased 1.4% in 2004 compared to 2003 as a result of the maturing of stores opened during the pervious year.
Net sales per retail square foot for the Costco de Mexico Group (based on 100% of Costco de Mexico Group’s net sales) decreased 1.9% to Ps.5,519.9 per retail square foot in 2004 from Ps.5,628.9 in 2003, primarily as a result of Costco membership warehouses opening at the end of 2004, which had the effect of adding floor space without contributing to a full year of sales. Net sales per operating employee (based on 100% of the Costco de Mexico Group’s net sales and all of its operating employees) increased 0.6% to Ps.2,210.2 thousand per operating employee in 2004 from Ps.2,196.8 thousand in 2003 primarily due to the increase in net sales which exceeded the increase in employees.
Other Group
Net sales for the Other Group increased 9.7% to Ps1,599.8 million in 2004 from Ps.1,458.6 million in 2003. Of this increase, Ps.56.8 million was generated by the two Sumesas and two Restaurantes California opened in 2004. Same store sales for the Sumesa format increased 7.0% for 2004 as compared to 2003.
Cost of Sales
Our cost of sales are primarily composed of cost of goods sold and costs associated with our distribution centers. Our consolidated cost of sales increased 2.0% to Ps.30,980.6 million in 2004 from Ps.30,395.7 million in 2003, while our consolidated cost of sales as a percentage of net sales decreased to 79.7% in 2004 from 80.0% in 2003. The increase in consolidated cost of sales primarily reflected increased costs in the Costco de Mexico Group attributable to the increase in the Costco de Mexico Group’s net sales in 2004. Of our consolidated cost of sales for 2004, 75.0% was attributable to the operations of the CM Group, 21.9% was attributable to the operations of the Costco de Mexico Group and 3.1% was attributable to the operations of the Other Group.
CM Group
Cost of sales for the CM Group decreased slightly to Ps.23,235.0 million in 2004 as compared to Ps.23,236.3 million in 2003, reflecting increased efficiency in our supply chain through our new distribution center, improved price negotiations with suppliers, and reductions in inventory shrinkage.
Costco de Mexico Group
Cost of sales for the Costco de Mexico Group increased 7.8% to Ps.6,771.4 million in 2004 from Ps.6,278.9 million in 2003, primarily as a result of the increase in net sales which was offset in part by more favorable pricing terms negotiated with suppliers.
Other Group
Cost of sales for the Other Group increased 10.6% to Ps.974.3 million in 2004 from Ps.880.5 million in 2003.
Gross Profit
As a result of the factors discussed above, our gross profit increased 3.3% to Ps.7,861.4 million in 2004 from Ps.7,608.5 million in 2003. Our gross profit as a percentage of net sales increased to 20.3% in 2004 from 20.0% in 2003. Of our gross profit for 2004, 78.7% was attributable to the operations of the CM Group, 13.3% was attributable to the operations of the Costco de Mexico Group and 8.0% was attributable to the operations of the Other Group.
CM Group
Gross profit for the CM Group increased 1.0% to Ps.6,188.7 million in 2004 from Ps.6,125.4 million in 2003, primarily as a result of a greater increase in net sales relative to cost of sales. Gross profit for the CM Group as percentage of net sales for the CM Group increased to 21.0% in 2004 from 20.9% in 2003.
Costco de Mexico Group
Gross profit for the Costco de Mexico Group increased 15.7% to Ps. 1,047.3 million in 2004 from Ps.904.9 million in 2003, primarily as a result of a greater increase in net sales relative to cost of sales. Gross profit for the Costco de Mexico Group as percentage of net sales for the Costco de Mexico Group increased to 13.4% in 2004 from 12.6% in 2003.
Other Group
Gross profit for the Other Group increased 8.2% to Ps.625.5 million in 2004 from Ps.578.1 million in 2003.
Selling, General and Administrative Expenses
Our selling, general and administrative expenses are composed of selling expenses, administrative expenses and depreciation and amortization. Our consolidated selling, general and administrative expenses decreased 0.8% to Ps.6,033.1 million in 2004 from Ps.6,080.9 million in 2003, primarily as a result of decreases in selling, general and administrative expenses in the CM Group offset in part by increases in these expenses in the Costco de Mexico Group. Of our selling, general and administrative expenses for 2004, 78.6% was attributable to the operations of the CM Group, 12.4% was attributable to the operations of the Costco de Mexico Group and 9.0% was attributable to the operations of the Other Group.
CM Group
Selling, general and administrative expenses for the CM Group decreased 3.2% to Ps.4,741.1 million in 2004 from Ps.4,896.7 million in 2003, reflecting our continued efforts to reduce expenses through improved cost controls. In particular, we reduced our marketing expenses by using fewer newspaper inserts and more fliers and by better targeting our television advertising. We also reduced our labor costs as we centralized supply operations in our distribution centers, thereby reducing the total number of employees required in the supply process.
Costco de Mexico Group
Selling, general and administrative expenses for the Costco de Mexico Group increased 10.4% to Ps.746.6 million in 2004 from Ps.676.5 million in 2003 primarily as a result of new personnel at the two Costco membership warehouses opened in 2004.
Other Group
Selling, general and administrative expenses for the Other Group increased 7.4% to Ps.545.3 million in 2004 from Ps.507.6 million in 2003.
Operating Income
As a result of the factors described above, our consolidated operating income increased 19.7% to Ps.1,828.5 million in 2004 from Ps.1,527.6 million in 2003. On a consolidated basis, our operating income as a percentage of net sales increased to 4.7% in 2004 from 4.0% in 2003.
CM Group
Operating income for the CM Group increased 17.8% to Ps.1,447.6 million in 2004 from Ps.1,228.7 million in 2003. Operating income for the CM Group as a percentage of net sales for the CM Group increased to 4.9% in 2004 from 4.2% in 2003.
Costco de Mexico Group
Operating income for the Costco de Mexico Group increased to Ps.300.8 million in 2004 from Ps.228.4 million in 2003. Operating income for the Costco de Mexico Group as a percentage of net sales for the Costco de Mexico Group increased to 3.8% in 2004 from 3.2% in 2003.
Other Group
Operating income for the Other Group increased to Ps.80.1 million in 2004 from Ps.70.6 million in 2003. Operating income for the Other Group as a percentage of net sales for the Other Group increased to 5.0% in 2004 from 4.8% in 2003.
Integral Result of Financing
Our integral result of financing primarily includes:
- interest paid on borrowed funds, interest paid in connection with credit card promotions, and bank fees in connection with cash management, as well as gains or losses on derivative agreements;
- interest earned on cash and temporary investments;
- foreign exchange gains or losses associated with liabilities denominated in foreign currencies; and
- losses resulting from holding monetary assets exposed to inflation, net of gains resulting from having monetary liabilities exposed to inflation.
The computation of monetary gains or losses is made on a monthly basis using the average balance of such assets and liabilities and applying the NCPI.
Integral results of financing improved to contribute Ps.181.9 million to income in 2004 as compared to an expense of Ps.202.7 million in 2003, reflecting improvements in all components of this line item.
Interest expense decreased by 47.7% to Ps.209.1 million in 2004 as compared to Ps.400.0 million in 2003. In both periods, interest expense included interest on the U.S.$100 million principal amount of our senior secured notes due 2010, Ps.631.4 million (equivalent to U.S.$54.8 million) principal amount of our UDI-denominated Notes due 2010 and Ps.413.3 million of borrowings under our credit facility. Interest expense also included a Ps.492.9 thousand loss from derivative agreements in 2003 and a Ps.90.8 million gain from derivative agreements in 2004. See "-Liquidity and Capital Resources." Interest expense decreased primarily as a result of the lack of short term debt in 2004 as compared to 2003 when we had outstanding short term debt for most of the period consisting of bank loans and lines of credit. The weighted average effective interest rate on our debt was 6.7% for 2004 and 2003 (in each case excluding additional amounts currently payable in respect of certain Mexican withholding taxes).
Interest income includes our income from interest-bearing temporary investments. Interest income increased 69.7% to Ps.78.7 million in 2004 as compared to Ps.46.4 million in 2003, primarily as a result of more cash available for investment and higher interest rates we earned on our investments in 2004 as compared to 2003.
Foreign exchange loss decreased to Ps.7.0 million in 2004 from Ps.108.4 million in 2003 primarily as a result of the 8.0% devaluation of the Peso in 2003 compared to the 0.7% appreciation of the Peso in 2004.
The gain from monetary position increased from Ps.259.3 million in 2003 to Ps.319.3 million in 2004 primarily as a result of higher inflation, which was 5.2% in 2004 compared to 4.0% in 2003.
Income Taxes and Employee Profit Sharing
The statutory rate of Mexican corporate income tax was 33.0% in 2004 and 34.0% in 2003. The Mexican corporate income tax rate is scheduled to decrease to 30.0% in 2005 and 29.0% in 2006.
Our effective tax rate was 8% in 2004 and 16% in 2003. The decrease in the effective tax rate was mainly due to changes to the Mexican Tax Law approved on November 13, 2004, whereby the income tax rate decreased from 34% in 2003, 33.0% in 2004, to 30% in 2005, and will decreased to 29% and 28%, in 2006 and 2007, respectively. The effect of these tax rate reductions resulted in a decrease in the deferred income tax liability by Ps.213,225.0 in 2004.
On January 1, 2005, the Mexican Tax Law was amended to require us to expense the cost of our inventory at the time we sell it rather than at the time we purchase it. The liability for deferred income tax we built up by reason of the timing difference between the time we expensed our inventory costs for tax purposes (at the time of purchase) and the time we expense it for accounting purposes (at the time of sale to customers) will offset the effect of the actual income tax we pay for accounting purposes. For tax purposes, a transitional rule has been adopted that permits us to deduct inventory at the time of sale even though prior to 2005 we had deducted the same inventory at the time it was purchased. We will be required to recognize as taxable income the benefit we receive from the transition rule over the next six to seven years. See note 15 to the financial statements.
Net Income
As a result of the foregoing, consolidated net income increased 58.2% from Ps.1,122.2 million in 2003 to Ps.1,774.8 million in 2004. Net income as a percentage of net sales was 4.6% for 2004 as compared to 3.0% for 2003.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
Liquidity. Our principal sources of liquidity have historically been provided by cash generated from operations and short-term working capital borrowings. In addition, to fund our growth, we have raised funds in the debt and equity capital markets, including the following financings:
- a public offering of equity securities in Mexico in April 1991 for net proceeds of approximately Ps.82.9 million;
- an issuance in the Eurobond market in April 1993 for net proceeds of approximately U.S.$127.4 million;
- a global offering in Mexico, the United States and elsewhere outside of Mexico in the third quarter of 1996 with the listing of 2.6 million global depositary shares representing 52.0 million BC Units on the New York Stock Exchange and 21.5 million BC Units on the Mexican Stock Exchange and net proceeds of approximately U.S.$67.8 million which was used to repay part of our then outstanding bank indebtedness;
- a private offering in the United States of Series B Notes in April 1998 for net proceeds of approximately U.S.$127.6 million;
- an offering in December 2000 of 8.00% UDI-denominated Notes due 2010; and
- a private placement in the United States in June 2003 of U.S.$100.0 million of senior unsecured notes due 2010; and.
- on June 1, 2005, we issued a placement of U.S.$200 million aggregate principal amount of 6.625% Senior Notes due 2015.
From time to time, we may incur additional indebtedness to finance our operations and growth. We will determine the type of currency, the maturity and the specific characteristics of any future borrowings based on available terms including interest and exchange rates, as well as general economic conditions. Also, from time to time we enter into derivative contracts designed to hedge against currency and interest rate fluctuations. See "-Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosure About Market Risk."
Our management of trade payables and inventory is also an important source of our liquidity. The excess of the average length of days for payment of trade payables over the average number of days of inventory, was 11.8 days for 2003, 10.2 days for 2004 and 6.4 days for 2005, 9.6 days for the first quarter of 2005 and 10.8 days for the first quarter of 2006.
At December 31, 2005, we had an aggregate of over Ps.5,204 million of credit available through uncommitted lines of credit with seven Mexican and foreign banking institutions under which we may borrow in Pesos or, at our option, in U.S. dollars (converted to Pesos at the exchange rate in effect at the time of the borrowing). Since none of these facilities is committed, borrowings thereunder are subject to the lender’s direction and may be terminated at any time. The terms and conditions of these lines of credit are determined at the time when they are utilized. We intend to renew our bank lines of credit on a annual basis. The bank credit lines do not contain any financial covenants.
In June 2003, we also have registered with the Mexican National Banking and Securities Commission a short-term debenture program in the amount of Ps.1,000.0 million, the proceeds of which are expected to be used for working capital requirements. At December 31, 2005, there were no outstanding debentures under this program.
Resources provided by operating activities were Ps.3,026.4 million in 2005 compared to Ps.2,312.3 million in 2004. Inventories decreased 10.9% to Ps.5,047 million at December 31, 2005 from Ps.5,661 million at December 31, 2004, due in part to the increase in sales in the last month of the year. The average number of days inventory was 57.6 days for 2005 as compared to 53.4 days for 2004. The average length of days payable for our trade payable was 63.6 days for 2005 and 63.6 days for 2004. This change reflects reduced payment terms with suppliers which we negotiated in return for better pricing terms.
Indebtedness. In December 2000, we issued 8.00% UDI-denominated Notes due 2010. The UDI-denominated Notes have certain covenants that limit the ability of CCM and its subsidiaries to:
- incur additional indebtedness;
- create liens;
- merge or sell assets; and
- pay dividends.
These covenants are subject to certain exceptions and qualifications.
In June 2003, we issued U.S.$100.0 million of Senior Unsecured Notes due 2010 consisting of: (1) U.S.$98.0 million aggregate principal amount of Series A notes at a fixed interest rate of 6.10% payable semi-annually with annual amortization in equal amounts from the third year, and (2) U.S.$2.0 million aggregate principal amount of Series B notes at a fixed interest rate of 6.70% payable semi-annually with principal due at maturity. The Senior Unsecured Notes were guaranteed by Tiendas Comercial Mexicana and certain of our other subsidiaries.
In September 2003, we entered into an agreement with Banamex for a credit facility of up to Ps.400.0 million to fund our working capital requirements. Loans outstanding under the credit facility bear interest at TIIE plus 65 basis points, payable monthly. The principal amount of the loans outstanding under the credit facility is payable in five equal payments made semi-annually beginning September 9, 2006. The credit agreement requires that we maintain a consolidated leverage ratio, an interest coverage ratio and a minimum net worth ratio. The credit agreement also contains covenants that, among other things, restrict our ability to incur debt, engage in mergers, sell assets, incur liens, pay dividends or other restricted payments, provide guarantees and enter into affiliated transactions. These covenants are subject to specified exceptions. As of December 31, 2005, we had Ps.318 million of outstanding borrowings under the credit facility.
On June 1, 2005, we issued a Bond of U.S.$200 million aggregate principal amount of 6.625% Senior Notes due 2015. We used or are using the net proceeds from this offering to fund:
- our tender for any or all of our Ps.631.5 million or approximately U.S.$54.8 million as of December 31, 2004 (Ps.90.8 million or approximately U.S.$8.5 million as of December, 2005), aggregate principal amount of 8.00% UDI-denominated Notes due 2010. At the expiration of the tender offer period, we had received tenders from the holders of approximately Ps.523.2 million or approximately U.S.$46.9 million as of December 31, 2004 in aggregate principal amount of the outstanding 8.00% UDI-denominated Notes due 2010, representing approximately 85.6% of the outstanding principal amount of the UDI-denominated Notes;
- the redemption of our U.S.$100.0 million aggregate principal amount of Senior Unsecured Notes due 2010, including a "make-whole" payment equal to approximately U.S.$5.2 million assuming those notes had been redeemed on May 24, 2005. On June 2, 2005, we delivered an irrevocable notice of redemption to the holders of these Senior Unsecured Notes due 2010. As specified in the notice delivered to each holder, we prepaid all of the U.S.$100 million aggregate principal amount of outstanding Senior Unsecured Notes due 2010 on July 2005. The final payment for these notes will include a make-whole payment equal to approximately U.S.$5.2 million assuming these notes had been redeemed on May 24, 2005; and
- the prepayment of Ps.413.3 million, or approximately U.S. $35.8 million as of March 31, 2005, of outstanding borrowings under our bank credit facility.
At December 31, 2005, our total outstanding indebtedness of Ps.2,216.3 million consisted of:
- U.S.$200 million aggregate principal amount of 6.625% Senior Notes due 2015
- Direct bank loan of U.S.$30 million due on January 20, 2006, to a fixed rate of interest of the 4.97% payable semi-annually.
- Debenture bonds of 24.9 million Investment Units (UDIs) (Ps. 90.8 million as of December) maturing in 2010 at a fixed interest rate of 8.0% payable semi-annually.
From time to time, we may incur additional indebtedness to finance our operations and growth. We will determine the type of currency, the maturity and the specific characteristics of any future borrowings based on available terms including interest and exchange rates, as well as general economic conditions. Also, from time to time we enter into derivative contracts designed to hedge against currency and interest rate fluctuations. See "-Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosure About Market Risk."
Cash Policy. Consistent with other retailers, we seek to maintain a lower average number of days of inventory as compared to average length of days for our trade payable.
Credit card payments represented 30.0% of net sales in 2005 and 29.0% of net sales in 2004; voucher payments decreased to 14.6% of net sales in 2005 from17.4% of net sales in 2004 and cash payments represented approximately 55.4% of net sales in 2005 and 53.6% of net sales in 2004.
We hold our cash and cash equivalent assets in both Pesos and U.S. Dollars. We manage all cash, including that from our subsidiaries (other than the Costco de Mexico Group joint venture) at the holding company level. By doing so, we distribute cash to our subsidiaries in order that they are able to meet their commitments with suppliers and others.
In each year, substantially all of our available cash flows are dedicated to capital expenditures with the exception of dividends paid to stockholders. We paid aggregate dividends of Ps.128.9 million in 2003, Ps.129.4 million in 2004, Ps.138.0 million in 2005 and Ps.149.9 million in 2006. Total cash flow from our operation was Ps. 1,171.6 in 2003 Ps. 2,312.3 in 2004 and Ps.3,026.4 in 2005.
Based on current operating results, we believe that cash flow from operations and other sources of liquidity, including borrowings under our short term debenture program and credit facility, will be adequate to meet anticipated requirements for working capital, capital expenditures, interest payments and scheduled principal payments for the foreseeable future.
Sensitivity.The Company historically has exposure to changes in interest rates and foreign exchange. The exchange rate at the end of the fiscal year ended 2005 was Ps. 10.627 per dollar and the Cetes interest rate was 8.15%.
If the exchange rate and the interest rate fluctuated plus or minus 10%, the effects in our Income Statement would have been:
| (Million pesos as of December 31, 2005) |
| Plus 10% | As of 2005 | Minus 10% |
Long term debt $ 200 million dollars: | Ps. 2,337.9 | Ps.2,125.4 | Ps.1,912.9 |
Interest Income: | 70.7 | 64.3 | 57.9 |
Due to these effects, our net income fluctuated between Ps.1,947.1 million and Ps.1,716.3 million during 2005.
Capital Expenditures. The following table sets forth our capital expenditures for each of the three years ended December 31, 2003, 2004, 2005 and the budgeted capital expenditures for the year ended December 31, 2006:
| Year ended December 31,(1) |
| 2003 | 2004 | 2005 | 2006 (2) |
| (Millions of constant Pesos as of December 31, 2005, except for 2006 amounts, which are in nominal Pesos) |
Real estate (3)............................................................................. | Ps. 625.9 | Ps. 1,335.8 | Ps. 1,694.1 | Ps.2,089.6 |
Store fixtures (4)......................................................................... | 974.0 | 697.8 | 915.6 | 913.5 |
Information systems..................................................................... | 69.7 | 70.0 | 74.0 | 79.9 |
Total........................................................................................... | Ps. 1,669.6 | Ps. 2,103.6 | 2,683.7 | Ps. 3,083.0 |
______________
(1) Capital expenditures included, Ps.354.1 in 2003, Ps.445.9 in 2004 and Ps.515.9 in 2005and an estimate of Ps.500.0 in 2006 contributed by us to the Costco de Mexico Group joint venture.
(2) Represents budgeted amounts for the year ending December 31, 2006.
(3) Not including our acquisition of Auchan’s operations in any period.
(4) Represents new units, store fixtures, remodeling and other equipment expenditures.
Capital expenditures including 2005 Auchan’s operations payment was Ps.2,969.5 million in 2005 and were funded with cash from operations. Our plans for 2006 could change depending on the economic situation in Mexico, our financial results and our ability to generate sufficient cash flow to fund such expenditures.
We expect to open 22 units in 2006 as follows: one City Market, five Bodegas, seven Megas, three Costco membership warehouses, two Sumesa and four Restaurantes California. We intend to continue remodeling units.
We currently plan to finance all of the remaining 2006 capital expenditures primarily with cash flow from operations. Although we believe that sufficient financing will be available to us, we cannot assure you that we will have sufficient cash flow from operations to make all of our planned capital expenditures when scheduled or, if necessary, that we will be able to obtain, or what the terms may be of, any bank or other financing. We are also responsible for financing 50% of new Costco membership warehouses.
Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements
As of December 31, 2005, we have one off-balance sheet arrangement. In February 2003, we acquired Auchan’s operations in Mexico, consisting of five hypermarket stores located in the Central Region. These five stores have an aggregate selling area of approximately 495,139 square feet. We now operate these stores under the Mega format. The purchase price for the acquisition of the corporations consists of six installment payments. We paid U.S.$15.0 million in 2003, U.S.$20.0 million in 2004, U.S.$25 million in 2005 and U.S.$20.0 million in 2006. We are required to make additional payments of U.S.$20.0 million in each of 2007 and 2008. The stock of the Mexican corporations that hold the fixed assets of these stores are presently held in an escrow. The stock will not be released from this escrow, and we will not acquire title to the stock, until the purchase price is paid in full to the sellers. If we do not pay the purchase price in full when due, we will not obtain title to the stock and will have no rights to be repaid the amounts we previously paid to Auchan. In addition, there are certain restrictive covenants that limit the operations of the business until the purchase price is paid to the seller. See "Key Information-Risk Factors-Risk Factors Related to Our Business-Our Acquisition of the Mexican Operations of Auchan is Dependent on Payment of the Purchase Price Due and Failure to Pay Will Result in Forfeiture of Auchan Properties and All Amounts Paid."
Contractual Obligations and Other Commitments. The following table presents the contractual obligations and other commitments for which cash flows are fixed or determinable as of December 31, 2005:
| Total | Less than One Year | One to Three Years | Three to Five Years | More than Five Years |
| (Millions of constant Pesos as of December 31, 2005) |
Long-term debt........................................ | Ps. 2,535.1 | Ps. 318.8 | Ps. 18.2 | Ps. 72.7 | Ps. 2,125.4 |
Interest on long-term debt........................ | 1,440.5 (1) | 149.4 | 442.8 | 285.1 | 563.2 |
Auchan purchase obligation...................... | 637.5 | 212.5 | 425.0 | - | - |
Operating lease obligations...................... | 1,764.6 | 204.6 | 613.8 | 409.2 | 537.0 |
Total....................................................... | Ps. 6,377.7 | Ps. 885.3 | Ps. 1,499.8 | Ps. 766.9 | Ps. 3,225.7 |
(1) Senior Notes of U.S.$200 million due in 2015, at a fixed interest rate of 6.525%, bank loan of U.S.$30 million due in January 2006 at fixed interest rate of 4.97%.
New Accounting Pronouncements under Mexican GAAP
Beginning June 1, 2004, the Mexican Financial Reporting Standards Board - (CINIF, for its initials in Spanish), assumed the responsibility for setting accounting and reporting standards in Mexico. In compliance with this responsibility and after due exposure in 2004 and 2005, the CINIF issued several Financial Reporting Standards - (NIFs) that will become effective on January 1, 2006.
The main objective of the NIFs is to harmonize and converge Mexican accounting and reporting standards and regulation practices with International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS).
The full hierachy of NIFs, in effect beginning January 1, 2006, is as follows:
- NIFs and Interpretations of NIFs issued by the CINIF.
- Statements issued by the Accounting Principles Board of the Mexican Institute of Public Accountants (IMCP) that have not been modified, replaced or repealed by the new NIFs.
- In accordance with Mexican GAAP "NIF A-8", when no Mexican GAAP address a specific accounting matter, the accounting literature in IFRS supplementary become applicable.
The circulars issued by the Accounting Principles Board will continue to have the status of recommendations and will be part of the NIFs until such time as they are repealed or superseded by NIFs.
Following is a list of the NIFSs issued to date. Being mainly of a general nature, they are not expected to have a significant effect on financial reporting:
NIF A-1 "Structure of Financial Reporting Standards"
NIF A-2 "Basic postulates"
NIF A-3 "User needs and objectives of financial statements"
NIF A-4 "Qualitative features of financial statements"
NIF A-5 "Basic elements of financial statements"
NIF A-6 "Recognition and valuation"
NIF A-7 "Presentation and disclosure"
NIF A-8 "Supplementary"
NIF B-1 "Accounting changes and correction of errors"
Item 6. Directors, Senior Management and Employees
Directors
Our bylaws provide that the Board of Directors will consist of between five and 20 directors as elected by CCM’s shareholders at the annual shareholders’ meeting for an indefinite term. The Board currently consists of 12 directors. At the present time three are independent. The Board is responsible for the management of our business.
Each Board member was elected on April 6, 2006 at our annual shareholders’ meeting, and is elected for a one-year term. The names and positions of the current members of the Board, their dates of birth, and information on their principal business activities outside CCM are as follows:
Name and Date of Birth | Principal Occupation | Other Directorships and Business Experience | First Elected |
Guillermo González Nova (7/2/33) | Chairman of the Board | Vice Chairman of the Board and Member of the Executive Committee of CCM | 1957 |
Jaime González Nova (11/13/30) | Vice Chairman of the Board | Member of the Executive Committee of CCM | 1957 |
Carlos González Zabalegui (7/13/51) | Vice Chairman of the Board and Chief Executive Officer | Executive Vice-President, General Director of CCM, Member of the Executive Committee of CCM, and Director of Desc, S.A. de C.V. | 1985 |
Elena M. González Guerra de Guichard (4/7/54) | Director | Not applicable | 1990 |
Pablo J. González Guerra (1/24/51) | Director | Director of Inmobilaria Nova, S.A. de C.V., Director of Operadora Vista Hermosa, S.A. de C.V. | 1984 |
Francisco Martínez de la Vega (12/21/56) | Chief Financial and Administrative Officer | Member of the Executive Committee, Treasury Director of CCM and Director of Prestaciones Universales S.A. de C.V. | 1990 |
Angel Portilla González (9/25/43) | General Director of Sumesa | Member of the Executive Committee of CCM | 1990 |
Javier Cantú Charles (12/13/40) | Corporate Planning and Development Director | Former General Director of Sorimex, Member of the Executive Committee of CCM | 1992 |
Santiago Garcia García (11/26/53) | General Director of Comercial Mexicana | Chief Operating Officer of Palacio de Hierro, Member of the Executive Committee of CCM | 2002 |
Fermín Sobero San Martín (2/18/38) | Director | Independent Consultant | 2002 |
José Ignacio Llano Gutiérrez (6/21/50) | Director | Partner and General Director of Logyx Almacenadora, S.A. de C.V. | 2005 |
Raúl J. Alvarado Herroz (10/10/45) | Director | Partner of AD Consulting | 2005 |
Each Member of the Board has an alternate. The alternates are: Gustavo González Fernández, Luis Felipe González Solana, Luis Felipe González Zabalegui, Luis José Guichard González, Antonino B. González Guerra, Jaime González Solana, Alejandro González Zabalegui, Juan Blanco Fortes, Joaquín Solis Rivera, Humberto Melendez Martínez, Ignacio Parada Díaz and Miguel Garatea Lerga,. Our independent directors are Fermín Sobero San Martín, Jose Ignacio Llano Gutiérrez and Raúl Alvarado Herroz.
Carlos González Nova is the Honorary Chairman of the Board. As the Honorary Chairman of the Board, he does not have the right to vote. José Luis Rico Maciel is the Secretary to the Board of Directors and Rodolfo García Gómez de Parada is the Secretary Pro Term to the Board of Directors.
Carlos González Nova, Jaime González Nova and Guillermo González Nova are brothers. Carlos González Zabalegui is the son of Carlos González Nova and the nephew of Jaime González Nova and Guillermo González Nova, Elena M. González Guerra and Pablo J. González Guerra are the niece and nephew, respectively, of Carlos González Nova, Jaime González Nova and Guillermo González Nova.
Pursuant to the Mexican Securities Market Law, at least 25% of the members of the Board of Directors must qualify as Independent Directors. The Mexican Securities Market Law provides that the following persons, among others, do not qualify as independent:
- employees or managers of the issuer;
- controlling shareholders of the issuer; and
- important clients, suppliers, debtors or creditors of the issuer or their employees or officers.
Our bylaws also provide that a specific alternate director may be appointed for each director. In the event of a tied vote, the Chairman of the Board of Directors has a casting vote. The Board of Directors is required to meet at least on a quarterly basis. The Chairman, the Secretary, 25% of the Board Members or any statutory auditor may call for a Board meeting. The Board of Directors must approve all transactions that are to be entered into between us and any of our shareholders, our managers or other related individuals that deviate from our ordinary course of business after the Board of Directors has received the favorable opinion of our audit committee. Likewise, the Board of Directors must approve any purchase or sale that represents 10% or more of our assets, the grant by us of guarantees exceeding 30% of our assets and any other transactions representing more than 1% of our assets, in addition to any other shareholder approvals required by our bylaws or otherwise. Related party transactions require the approval of our audit committee and, if requested by our audit committee, the opinion of a third party appraiser.
In addition, our bylaws, as amended pursuant to the Mexican Securities Market Law, provide that each holder or group of holders representing at least 10% of a series of shares has the right to appoint one director and its corresponding alternate director. Ten percent holders of limited voting stock are also entitled to nominate a director and its corresponding alternate director.
Executive Officers
The names and positions of our current executive officers, their dates of birth, and information concerning their prior business experience are as follows:
| | | |
Carlos González Zabalegui (7/13/51) | Chief Executive Officer | Chief Executive Officer, General Director | 1978 |
Santiago García García (11/26/53) | General Director of Comercial Mexicana | Chief Operating Officer of Palacio de Hierro, Purchasing and Marketing Director of CCM | 2002 |
Javier Cantú Charles (12/13/40) | Real Estate Developer Director | General Director of Comercial Mexicana; General Director of Sorimex | 2002 |
Luis Felipe González Solana (12/5/58) | General Director of Restaurantes California | General Director of Restaurantes California | 1986 |
Jaime González Solana (2/26/57) | General Director of the Costco de Mexico Group joint venture | General Director of the Costco de Mexico Group joint venture | 1991 |
Joaquin Solis Rivera (10/25/39) | Corporate Legal Affairs Director | Corporate Legal Affairs Director | 2004 |
Francisco Martínez de la Vega (12/21/56) | Chief Financial and Administrative Officer | Chief Financial and Administrative Officer | 1990 |
Angel Portilla González (9/25/43) | General Director of Sumesa and Development Director | Corporate Planning and Development Director | 1984 |
Rodolfo García Gómez de Parada (5/9/53) | Corporate Lawyer, Tax Legal Matters Director | Corporate Tax Matters Director of CCM | 1990 |
Audit Committee
Our independent Audit Committee members are Fermín Sobero San Martín as President, Jose Ignacio Llano Gutiérrez and Raúl Alvarado Herroz as members. The functions of the Audit Committee are largely specified in the new Mexican Market Securities Law and the Audit Committee charter to strengthen corporate governance and internal control.
Corporate Practices Committe
In the annual shareholders meeting held on April 6, 2006, three independent directors Raúl J. Alvarado Herroz as President, and Fermín sobero San Martín and José Ignacio Llano Gutiérrez were elected as members of the Corporate Practices Committe. This committe primary function are related to executives compensations and related parties transactions.
Compensation
For the year ended December 31, 2005, the aggregate compensation we paid to our directors and executive officers for services in all capacities was approximately Ps.71.5 million.
We made Ps.3.6 million in contributions to our retirement plan on behalf of our directors, alternate directors and executive officers in 2005.
Options to Purchase Securities from Registrant or Subsidiaries
We have two Stock Appreciation Rights plans for key employees (subdirectors) of the Company under which key employees were granted rights to purchase an amount of BC Units at a fixed price. These rights are exercisable only on either the holder’s date of retirement from the Company (which is normally at the age of 65) or in the event of a change of control of the Company. We purchased the required number of BC Units granted under the terms of the plans in the stock market and deposited them in an employee’s trust. Upon exercise, the employees must pay us an amount based on the agreed fixed exercise price to receive the stock certificates from the employee trust. After payment of the exercise price to the Company, the employees receive the appreciation of the BC Units in cash. Rights to purchase a total of 7,318,895 BC Units had been granted to employees at December 31, 2005 (32,522,666 at December 31, 2004).
Board Practices and Audit Committee
We are responsible for maintaining a system of internal accounting controls to provide assurance that transactions are authorized, recorded and reported properly. Our internal accounting control system is enhanced by periodic reviews of our controls and procedures to provide reasonable assurance, at an appropriate cost/benefit relationship, that assets are safeguarded and our internal auditors and independent auditors. In addition, we have hired a group of advisors, which performs a separate review of our disclosure controls. In our opinion, our internal accounting controls provide reasonable assurance that assets are safeguarded and that the financial records are reliable for preparing financial statements.
In accordance with the Mexican Securities Market Law and our bylaws, we established an audit committee consisting of the following members of our Board: Fermín Sobero San Martín, who is the President of this Committee, and Raul J. Alvarado Herroz and José Ignacio Llano Gutierrez who are members. Both the Chairman and a majority of the members of the audit committee must be, and are, independent directors.
The audit committee meets periodically with management, the internal auditors and the independent auditors to review matters relating to our financial reporting, the adequacy of internal accounting controls and the scope and results of audit work. The internal auditors and independent auditors have full and free access to the audit committee.
Our statutory auditors must be invited to attend all audit committee meetings. Among other duties and responsibilities, the audit committee must:
- prepare an annual report regarding its activities for submission to the Board and to our shareholders at our annual shareholders’ meeting;
- prepare and render statements to the Board as to the fairness of transactions and arrangements with related parties, which must be approved by our Board of Directors; and
- retain independent experts to render fairness opinions in connection with extraordinary corporate transactions and arrangements with related parties.
We have not entered into any service contracts with our directors that provide for benefits upon termination of employment.
Employees and Labor Relations
At December 31, 2005, we employed 35,837 individuals. During the busiest retail months, part-time employees may constitute up to 10% of our workforce. At December 31, 2005, we had 1,123 administrative and managerial employees and 34,714 operating employees.
We seek to employ store assistants who meet criteria established by us for particular positions. However, depending upon conditions prevailing in regional job markets, we are not able to adhere strictly to these criteria. Although we believe that our turnover of store assistants does not exceed the industry average, it nevertheless remains high. We are seeking to reduce turnover by paying higher compensation and providing opportunities for advancement within CCM.
Our store managerial staff is comprised mostly of employees with long tenure with us who have worked their way up to a managerial position, as well as employees with a higher education who have completed a three-month training program that includes some practical experience in our stores. In many cases, our store managerial staff receives further training from a leading Mexican university under a program exclusively available to our employees.
Our senior managerial and administrative employees have semi-annual performance assessments and receive performance-related compensation. Our management believes that compensation must attract, retain and motivate the best employees available and, therefore, we are willing to compensate employees at levels which management believes are generally higher than those prevailing in the Mexican retail industry.
We are committed to training employees. During 2005 we dedicated approximately six days of training per employee. All new employees are provided with training designed to ensure compliance with our policies relating to customer service, prevention of theft and operational procedures. Continuing on-the-job training is provided to our employees, including upon each transfer or promotion of an employee.
Approximately 16.5% of our employees were members of one of 12 labor unions with which we have collective labor agreements at December 31, 2005. In addition, labor relations in some stores are governed by separate collective bargaining agreements executed between employees of a single store and a union selected by such employees. The economic terms of the collective bargaining agreements are renegotiated on an annual basis and other terms are negotiated every two years. We have not experienced any work stoppages and management believes that we have a good relationship with our employees and unions.
The following table sets forth the number of employees and a breakdown of employees by main category of activity and geographic location as of the end of each year in the three-year period ended December 31, 2005:
| At December 31, |
| 2003 | 2004 | 2005 |
Number of Employees........................................................ | 33,557 | 33,763 | 35,837 |
Category of Activity: | | | |
Operating and Restaurant Employees............................ | 31,746 | 31,776 | 34,714 |
Administrative Employees................................................... | 1,811 | 1,987 | 1,123 |
Geographic Location: | | | |
Metropolitan................................................................ | 13,825 | 13,337 | 14,154 |
Central ........................................................................ | 12,315 | 12,222 | 12,973 |
Northwest.................................................................... | 3,187 | 3,883 | 4,121 |
Northeast..................................................................... | 707 | 641 | 681 |
Southwest.................................................................... | 1,409 | 1,384 | 1,469 |
Southeast..................................................................... | 2,114 | 2,296 | 2,439 |
Share Ownership of Directors and Officers
Share ownership of our directors, alternate directors and executive officers is set forth in the table under "Major Shareholders and Related Party Transactions". Except as set forth in this table, none of our directors, alternate directors or executive officers is the beneficial owner of more than 1% of any class of our capital stock or conditional sale agreements or options representing the right to purchase more than 1% of any class of our capital stock.
Item 7. Major Shareholders and Related Party Transactions
Major Shareholders
Our common stock consists of 3,995,921,848 B Shares and 348,078,152 C Shares. Each series of shares is evidenced by a global certificate and held in Mexico by Indeval, S.A. de C.V. ("Indeval"), a privately owned securities depositary that acts as a clearinghouse, depositary and custodian, as well as a settlement, transfer and registration agent for Mexican Stock Exchange transactions, eliminating the need for physical transfer of securities. B Shares, without par value, provide each holder one vote per share. C Shares, without par value, only have voting rights with respect to certain transactions. Our shares are currently held in B Units and in BC Units. Each B Unit consists of four B Shares and each BC Unit consists of three B Shares and one C Share.
Each B Unit may at any time be converted into a BC Unit by either the Secretary of CCM or by Indeval. Our capital structure as of December 31, 2005was as follows:
Year ended December 31, | Number of BC Units | Number of B Units |
2002................................................................................................ | 338,448,390 | 747,551,610 |
2003................................................................................................ | 338,448,390 | 747,551,610 |
2004................................................................................................ | 341,984,390 | 744,015,610 |
2005................................................................................................ | 348,078,152 | 737,921,848 |
The following table sets forth certain information with respect to ownership of CCM’s capital stock as of December 31, 2005 of (i) each person who is known by CCM to own more than 5% or each executive officer or director who is known by CCM to own more than 1% of either the currently outstanding B Units (consisting of four B Shares, without par value and with one vote per share, or B Shares, which trade together as a single security) and BC Units (consisting of three B Shares and one C Share, without par value and without voting rights, or C Shares, which trade together as a single security) and (ii) all our executive officers and directors as a group.
| B Units and BC Units Owned as of December 31, 2005 |
| B Units | BC Units | | |
Identity of Owner | Number | Percentage of Class | Number | Percentage of Class | Aggregate Percentage of Outstanding B Units and BC Units | Voting Power |
Scotiabank Trust(1) ......................... | 737,859,998 | 99.9% | 1,601,295 | 0.5% | 68.09% | 73.98% |
All executive officers and directors as a group (20 persons) (2) .................... | 689,272,075 | 92.3% | 6,072,999 | 1.8% | 63.5% | 68.9% |
_________________
(1) For a description of this trust and its beneficiaries which indirectly include our principal shareholder, see " - Our Principal Shareholder."
(2) Including most of the members of the González Family.
As of December 31, 2005, the public float for the BC Units (including those represented by GDSs) represented approximately 31.91% of the total outstanding capital stock of CCM.
Our Principal Shareholder. At December 31, 2005, our principal shareholder, the Scotiabank Inverlat Trust, or the Scotiabank Trust, owned 737,859,998 B Units representing approximately 68.0% of the total outstanding capital stock or 73.9% of the outstanding B Shares. Scotiabank Trust is able to exercise full voting rights with respect to the B Shares that it holds (including B Shares held through B Units representing a majority of the outstanding B Shares as well as any B Shares held through BC Units) and may convert each B Unit into one BC Unit at any time. Scotiabank Trust has informed us that it currently intends to maintain its control position and, through this position, will have the power to elect our board of directors and determine the outcome of substantially all actions requiring shareholder approval. See "Key Information-Risk Factors-Risk Factors Related to Our Principal Shareholders-Our Principal Shareholders Have Substantial Influence Over Our Management and the Interests of Our Principal Shareholders May Differ from Those of Other Shareholders."
Decisions regarding the Scotiabank Trust are made by a Technical Committee. The members of the Technical Committee are Carlos González Nova, Carlos González Zabalegui, Guillermo González Nova, Jaime González Nova, Pablo José González Guerra, Elena M. González Guerra and Antonio B. González Guerra. The Technical Committee has the exclusive authority to make decisions regarding voting and disposition of the B Units held by the Scotiabank Trust in accordance with the share percentage that each member of the Committee represents. In the event a member of the Technical Committee resigns or dies, that member’s alternate will become full member. A new alternate will be selected by the new member, subject to Technical Committee approval.
Related Party Transactions
We do not grant personal loans to our employees or shareholders. Employees and our shareholders are permitted to borrow only against our retirement fund or from our annual savings fund.
We currently sublease one store located in Puebla from a company controlled by the principal shareholders and certain members of the principal shareholders’ families. We believe that this lease, which expires in 2015, is on terms no less favorable to us than would be obtainable in an arm’s-length transaction.
From time to time, in the regular course of business, we deal with Nova Distex, S.A. de C.V. (successor to Casa Distex S.A. de C.V.), or Nova. Members of the González family own a controlling interest in Nova, a textile manufacturer and property management company. We provide management services to Nova and purchase textiles for resale in our stores. We believe that these transactions are on terms no less favorable to us than would be obtainable in an arm’s-length transaction.
We currently lease a portion of the parking lots of two of our stores to two gasoline stations owned and operated by Gasomer, S.A. de C.V., or Gasomer. Members of the González family own a controlling interest in Gasomer.
For additional information regarding related party transactions, see Note 5 to our financial statements.
Item 8. Financial Information
Consolidated Financial Information
See "Financial Statements" and pages F‑1 through F‑37, which are incorporated herein by reference.
Legal Proceedings
See "Other Information - Legal Proceedings."
Dividend Policy
See "Key Information - Dividends."
Item 9. The Offer and Listing
Market Information
The GDSs, each of which represents 20 BC Units, are listed on the NYSE, and the NYSE symbol for the GDSs is "MCM." B Shares and the C Shares trade on the Mexican Stock Exchange as BC Units. Each BC Unit consists of three B Shares and one C Share.
The following table shows the high and low sales prices in nominal Pesos (without adjustment for inflation) for the BC Units and the B Units on the Mexican Stock Exchange for the period from January 1, 2000 to July 14, 2005.
| Nominal Pesos Per BC Unit(1) | Nominal Pesos Per B Unit(1)(2) |
| High | Low | High | Low |
2000....................................................... | 11.06 | 7.62 | 11.20 | 9.60 |
2001....................................................... | 7.50 | 5.35 | 16.00 | 12.00 |
2002....................................................... | 8.40 | 4.80 | | |
2003....................................................... | 11.21 | 7.83 | | |
2004 | | | | |
First Quarter........................................... | 14.60 | 11.21 | | |
Second Quarter...................................... | 14.50 | 12.00 | | |
Third Quarter ....................................... | 13.19 | 11.21 | | |
Fourth Quarter...................................... | 13.46 | 11.68 | | |
| | | | |
2005 | | | | |
First Quarter........................................... | 12.81 | 11.06 | | |
Second Quarter...................................... | 12.99 | 11.02 | | |
Third Quarter ........................................ | 17.19 | 13.10 | | |
Fourth Quarter..................................... | 17.05 | 14.81 | | |
| | | | |
2006 | | | | |
January................................................. | 16.57 | 15.32 | | |
February............................................... | 19.29 | 17.16 | | |
March................................................... | 19.12 | 17.73 | | |
April..................................................... | 18.95 | 17.70 | | |
May...................................................... | 20.70 | 17.67 | | |
June...................................................... | 19.29 | 16.75 | | |
July (through July 14, 2006).................. | 20.18 | 18.49 | | |
_________________
(l) Source: Mexican Stock Exchange.
(2) Unlisted from the BMV on Oct. 27, 2001.
The following table shows the high and low sales prices in U.S. Dollars for the GDSs on the New York Stock Exchange for the period from January 1, 2000 to July 14, 2006.
| U.S. Dollars per GDSs(1) |
| High | Low |
| | |
2000...................................................................................................... | 20.00 | 16.38 |
2001...................................................................................................... | 19.50 | 15.31 |
2002..................................................................................................... | 18.15 | 9.90 |
2003..................................................................................................... | 19.80 | 8.50 |
| | |
| U.S. Dollars per GDSs(1) |
| High | Low |
| | |
2004 | | |
First Quarter............................................................................ | 27.14 | 19.95 |
Second Quarter...................................................................... | 25.50 | 20.65 |
Third Quarter......................................................................... | 22.54 | 19.15 |
Fourth Quarter......................................................................... | 23.75 | 20.60 |
December................................................................................ | 22.80 | 20.60 |
| | |
2005 | | |
First Quarter........................................................................... | 23.29 | 19.69 |
Second Quarter........................................................................ | 23.35 | 19.79 |
Third Quarter........................................................................... | 31.59 | 24.07 |
Fourth Quarter......................................................................... | 31.83 | 28.20 |
December................................................................................. | 30.98 | 28.99 |
| | |
2006 | | |
First Quarter............................................................................ | 36.72 | 30.25 |
January.................................................................................... | 35.60 | 30.25 |
February.................................................................................. | 36.55 | 32.50 |
March....................................................................................... | 36.72 | 33.01 |
Second Quarter........................................................................ | 38.00 | 31.22 |
April.......................................................................................... | 34.73 | 31.90 |
May.......................................................................................... | 38.00 | 31.22 |
June........................................................................................... | 33.60 | 34.04 |
July (through July 14, 2006)......................................................... | 34.03 | 33.38 |
________________
(1) Source: New York Stock Exchange
Trading on the Mexican Stock Exchange
The Mexican Stock Exchange, located in Mexico City, is the only stock exchange in Mexico. Operating continuously since 1907, the Mexican Stock Exchange is organized as a corporation with variable capital, or sociedad anónima de capital variable. Securities trading on the Mexican Stock Exchange occur from 8:30 a.m. to 3:00 p.m., Mexico City time, each business day. Since January 1999, all trading on the Mexican Stock Exchange has been effected electronically. The Mexican Stock Exchange operates a system of automatic suspension of trading in shares of a particular issuer as a means of controlling excessive price volatility, but under current trading regulations this system does not apply to the BC Units because they are traded in the form of GDSs on a stock exchange outside Mexico, the New York Stock Exchange.
Settlement is effected two business days after a share transaction on the Mexican Stock Exchange. Deferred settlement, even by mutual agreement, is not permitted without the approval of the CNBV. Most securities traded on the Mexican Stock Exchange, including the CPOs, are on deposit with Indeval.
Although the Mexican Securities Market Law provides for the existence of an over-the-counter market, no such market for securities in Mexico currently exists.
Market Regulation and Registration Standards
In 1946, the Comisión Nacional de Valores, or the National Securities Commission, commonly known as the CNV, was established to regulate stock market activity. In 1995, the CNV and the Comisión Nacional Bancaria, or the National Banking Commission, were merged to form the CNBV. The Mexican securities market law, which took effect in 1975, introduced important structural changes to the Mexican financial system, including the organization of brokerage firms as corporations. The Mexican securities market law sets standards for the registration of brokerage firms in the intermediaries’ section of the registry. Registration of brokerage firms, which is a prerequisite to becoming a member of the Mexican Stock Exchange, is granted by the Ministry of Finance upon the recommendation of the CNBV. In addition to setting standards for brokerage firms, the Mexican securities market law empowers the CNBV to regulate the public offering and trading of securities and to impose sanctions for the illegal use of insider information. The CNBV regulates the Mexican securities market, the Mexican Stock Exchange and brokerage firms through a board of governors composed of thirteen members, five of which are appointed by the Ministry of Finance.
To offer securities to the public in Mexico, an issuer must meet specific qualitative and quantitative requirements, and only securities for which an application for registration in the National Registry of Securities maintained by the CNBV has been approved by the CNBV may be listed on the Mexican Stock Exchange. This approval does not imply any kind of certification or assurance related to the merits or the quality of the securities or the solvency of the issuer.
In 1993, the CNBV established an intermediate securities market, which was also operated by the Mexican Stock Exchange, in order to permit less-liquid issues and issuers with lower capitalization to participate in a public securities market. In essence, the general rules divided the securities section of the registry into two subsections, subsection A and subsection B. In addition to trading regularly in the auction process, registration of securities in subsection A enabled those securities to be eligible for transactions for which only securities classified as high liquidity issues by the Mexican Stock Exchange were eligible.
To be registered and maintain registration in subsection A of the registry, an issuer was usually required to meet more stringent qualitative and quantitative requirements than for subsection B. The CNBV adopted regulations that became effective on January 1, 2001 that eliminate subsection B and impose additional requirements to those currently applicable to subsection A. Accordingly, as of January 1, 2001, in order to be registered in subsection A, an issuer must or must have, among other things:
- at least three years of operating history, or if an issuer is a holding company, it must present three years of operating history for its principal subsidiaries; if the issuer is a newly created entity as a result of a merger or spin-off, the three year requirement must be evidenced through any of the entities involved in such merger or spin-off, as the case may be;
- shareholders’ equity of at least 20 million unidades de inversión, or UDIs, which are inflation indexed currency units, equivalent to Ps. 58.2 million as of December 31, 2000;
- profits for the last three years of operation taken as a whole;
- conduct a public offering of at least 15% of the issuer’s paid-in capital stock or, if the offering exceeds 160,000,000 UDIs, it represents at least 7% of the issuer’s paid-in capital stock;
- offer at least 10,000,000 shares at a price per share of at least one UDI; and
- conduct a public offering with the potential to reach at least 200 stockholders.
To maintain its registration, an issuer must have:
- stockholders’ equity of at least 15 million UDIs;
- at least 36 trades in its securities every six months through the Mexican Stock Exchange;
- an average price of its securities greater than Ps.1.00 during any six-month period;
- at least 100 stockholders;
- a public float of at least 8,000,000 shares; and
- a public float of at least 12% of the issuer’s paid-in capital stock or at least 5% of the issuer’s paid-in capital stock if the initial public offering exceeded 160,000,000 UDIs.
The CNBV has the authority to waive some of these requirements in some circumstances. Also, some of these requirements are applicable for each series of shares of the relevant issuer.
On December 30, 2005, new Mexican Securities Market Law (Ley de Mercado de Valores). The compliance date for this new law is June 28, 2006 for all filers registered in the Mexican Stock Exchange (Bolsa Mexicana de Valores) was issued. -The Securities Market Law, was amended to increase the protection given to minority shareholders and to bring corporate governance procedures of Mexican issuers up to international standards. Such amendments were implemented through governmental regulations. Accordingly, we amended our bylaws at our annual shareholders’ meeting held on April 06, 2006, to reflect some of these amendments. For a description of these amendments, see "Other Information - Mexican Securities Market Law."
There are several requirements that have to be met by Mexican issuers in order to continue listed in the Mexican Stock Exchange and registered in the RNVI. Both the Mexican Stock Exchange and the CNBV will review issuers annually to verify the compliance with the foregoing requirements. Some of these requirements may be further reviewed by the CNBV on a quarterly basis. The Mexican Stock Exchange must inform the CNBV of the results of its review. If an issuer fails to comply with any of the foregoing requirements, the Mexican Stock Exchange will request that the issuer propose a plan to cure the violation. If the issuer fails to propose such plan, or if its plan is not acceptable to the Mexican Stock Exchange, trading of its shares on the Mexican Stock Exchange will be temporarily suspended until the situation is corrected. In addition, if the issuer fails to propose the plan or ceases to follow such plan once proposed, the CNBV might suspend or cancel the registration of the shares. In such event, the issuer must evidence the mechanisms to protect the rights of public investors and market in general. In the event the CNBV determines to cancel the registration of our shares, our controlling Shareholder is obligated to conduct a tender offer at a price equal to the higher of (i) the average closing price of the last thirty trading days of our stock or (ii) the book value of such shares, in accordance with our latest quarterly reports filed with the CNBV before such tender offer is to be conducted.
Issuers of listed securities are required to file unaudited quarterly financial statements and audited annual financial statements as well as various periodic reports with the CNBV and the Mexican Stock Exchange. Recently, the internal regulations of the Mexican Stock Exchange were amended to implement the EMISNET, an automated system for the electronic transfer of the information required to be filed with the Mexican Stock Exchange and the CNBV. Issuers of listed securities must prepare and disclose their financial information by a Mexican Stock Exchange-approved system known as the Sistema de Información Financiera Computarizada, or Computerized Financial Information System, commonly known as the SIFIC. Immediately upon its receipt, the Mexican Stock Exchange makes that information available to the public.
The Circular Única of the CNBV and the internal regulations of the Mexican Stock Exchange require issuers of listed securities to file through the EMISNET information on the occurrence of material events affecting the relevant issuer. Material events include, but are not limited to:
- the entering into or termination of joint venture agreements or agreements with key suppliers;
- the creation of new lines of businesses or services;
- significant deviations in expected or projected operating performance;
- the restructuring or payment of significant indebtedness;
- material litigation or labor conflicts;
- changes in dividend policy;
- the commencement of any insolvency, suspension or bankruptcy proceedings;
- changes in the directors; and
- any other event that may have a material adverse effect on the results, financial condition or operations of the relevant issuer.
If the Mexican Stock Exchange deems it necessary, it may request additional information regarding material events affecting the issuer.
The CNBV and the Mexican Stock Exchange may suspend the dealing in securities of an issuer as a result of the disclosure of material events if:
- the information filed by the issuer requires further clarifications; or
- the Mexican Stock Exchange determines that the public should be aware of that information before a trade may take place.
In these cases, trading may resume if the Mexican Stock Exchange determines that:
- the additional information provided by the issuer is sufficient and not misleading; or
- the public has had the opportunity to access that information.
Likewise, if the securities of an issuer are traded on both the Mexican Stock Exchange and a foreign securities market, that issuer must file simultaneously with the CNBV and the Mexican Stock Exchange a Spanish version of the information that it is required to file pursuant to the laws and regulations of the relevant jurisdiction.
Pursuant to the Securities Market Law, as amended, the CNBV must be notified by the shareholder of a company listed on the Mexican Stock Exchange before any such shareholder effects one or more simultaneous or successive transactions outside the Mexican Stock Exchange that result in a transfer of 10% or more of that company’s capital stock. The holders of the shares being transferred must also inform the CNBV of the results of such transactions within three days of the completion, or otherwise, the non-completion, of the transaction. The CNBV will notify the Mexican Stock Exchange of these transactions, without disclosing the names of the parties involved. Under the amendments to the Securities Market Law, the CNBV may determine the cases in which the purchaser thereof shall complete such transactions through a tender offer, as well as the minimum and maximum percentages of stock of an issuer that that may be purchased through the tender offer.
Also, the Law states that a shareholder holding 10% or more of the capital stock of a company listed in the registry, is required to notify the CNBV of any ownership changes in shares of such company that results in a transfer of shares representing a beneficial ownership interest of 10% or more, within ten business days following the transfer transaction. The amendments to the Securities Market Law expressly permit Mexican issuers to include in their bylaws anti-takeover defenses.
Item 10. Other Information
Mexican Securities Market LawThe Mexican Congress published on December 30, 2005 approved amendments to the Mexican Securities Market Law, which became effective on June 28, 2006, and have been implemented by governmental regulations. We amended our bylaws at our annual shareholders’ meeting, which was held on April 06, 2006, to reflect some of these amendments, including :
- Creating three new entities to be registered in the Mexican Stock Exchange:"Sociedad Anónima Bursátil" (Current filers in the Securities market); "Sociedad Anónima Promotora de Inversión Bursátil" (Transition to Company that want to access the securities market);"Sociedad Anónima Promotora de Inversión"
- Adding that the term "Bursátil" should be added to the Corporate Name.
- Establishing a Board of Directors of between 5 and 21 members, 25% of whom must be independent. The independence rules has been strengthened.
- Excluding the figure of commissioner and transfering his functions to the external auditor, the Audit Committee and the Corporate Practice Committee.
- Specifying the functions of the Audit Committee to strengthen the corporate governance and internal control.
- Creating a Corporate Practices Committe, which is mandatory. This committee’s primary functions are related to executives compensations and related parties transactions.
- Specifying responsibilities and duties of directors and management.
- Providing a additional minority rights: 10% - name advisors, call Shareholder’s assembly and defer voting; 5% - civil actions against directors and management; and 20% - legal opposition to resolutions of the assembly.
For a further description of amendments we made to our bylaws in accordance with the Mexican Securities Market Law, see "Directors, Senior Management and Employees-Board Practices."
In addition, the Mexican Securities Market Law now permits issuers to include anti-takeover defenses in their bylaws, provided that their bylaws also include specified minority rights and protections, among other things, and we have included such provisions in our bylaws. See "-Bylaws-Other Provisions-Appraisal Rights." The Mexican Securities Market Law does not permit issuers to implement mechanisms where common shares and limited or non-voting shares are jointly traded or offered to public investors, unless the limited or non-voting shares are convertible into common shares within a term of up to five years, or when as a result of the nationality of a given holder, the shares or the securities representing the shares limit the right to vote in order to comply with applicable foreign investment regulations. In addition, the aggregate amount of shares with limited or non-voting rights may not exceed 25% of the total shares held by public investors. As a result of applicable grandfathering provisions, our existing share structure will not be affected by this aspect of the Mexican Securities Market Law.
The Mexican Securities Market Law imposes some restrictions on shareholders of issuers listed on the Mexican Stock Exchange. Shareholders of issuers listed on the Mexican Stock Exchange must notify the CNBV before effecting transactions outside of the Mexican Stock Exchange that result in a transfer of 10% or more of an issuer’s capital stock. These shareholders must also inform the CNBV of the results of these transactions within three days of their completion, or, in the alternative, that these transactions have not been consummated. The CNBV will notify the Mexican Stock Exchange of these transactions without specifying the names of the parties involved. The CNBV also has the ability to determine whether purchasers in these types of transactions must effect these transactions through a tender offer, as well as the minimum and maximum percentages of capital stock that may be purchased through any such tender offer.
On December 30, 2005, a new Mexican Securities Market Law was enacted and published in the Official Gazette. The new Securities Market Law will be effective on the date that is 180 days following its publication (late June 2006) and in some cases will allow an additional period of 180 days (late December 2006) for issuers to incorporate in their by-laws the new corporate governance and other requirements derived from the new law. The new Mexican Securities Market Law changed the Mexican securities laws in various material respects. In particular the new law (i) clarifies the rules for tender offers, dividing them in voluntary and mandatory, (ii) clarifies standards for disclosure of holdings applicable to shareholders of public companies, (iii) expands and strengthens the role of the board of directors of public companies, (iv) determines with precision the standards applicable to the board of directors and the duties of the board, each director, its secretary, the general director and executive officers (introducing concepts as the duty of care, duty of loyalty and safe harbors), (v) replaces the statutory auditor (comisario) and its duties with the audit committee, the corporate practices committee and the external auditors, (vi) clearly defines the role of the general director and executive officers and their responsibilities, (vii) improves rights of minorities, and (vii) improves the definition of applicable sanctions for violations to the Mexican Securities Market Law, including the payment of punitive damages and criminal penalties.
The new Mexican Securities Market Law does not substantially modify the reporting obligations of issuers of equity securities listed in the Mexican Stock Exchange. The new Mexican Securities Market Law reinforces insider trading restrictions and specifically includes, within such restrictions, trading in options and derivatives the underlying security of which is issued by such entity. Among other changes, the new Mexican Securities Market Law provides for a course of action available to anyone who traded (as a counterparty) with someone in possession of privileged information to seek the appropriate indemnification.
Pursuant to both the current and the new Mexican Securities Market Law:
- members of a listed issuer’s board of directors,
- shareholders controlling 10% or more of a listed issuer’s outstanding share capital,
- advisors,
- groups controlling 25% or more of a listed issuer’s outstanding share capital and
- other insiders must inform the CNBV of any transactions undertaken with securities of a listed issuer.
In addition, under both the current and the new Mexican Securities Market Law insiders must abstain from purchasing or selling securities of the issuer within 90 days from the last sale or purchase, respectively.
The new Mexican Securities Market Law has, in some respects, modified the rules governing tender offers conducted in Mexico. Under the new law, tender offers may be voluntary or mandatory. All tender offers must be open for at least 20 business days and purchases thereunder are required to be made pro-rata to all tendering shareholders. Any intended purchase resulting in a 30% or greater holding requires the tender to be made for the greater of 10% of the company’s capital stock or the share capital intended to be acquired; if the purchase is aimed at obtaining control, the tender must be made for 100% of the outstanding shares. In calculating the intended purchase amount, convertible securities, warrants and derivatives the underlying security of which are such shares must be considered. The new law also permits the payment of certain amounts to controlling shareholders over and above the offering price if these amounts are fully disclosed, approved by the board of directors and paid in connection with non-compete or similar obligations. The new law also introduces exceptions to the mandatory tender offer requirements and specifically provides for the consequences, to a purchaser, of not complying with these tender offer rules (lack of voting rights, possible annulment of purchases, etc.) and other rights available to prior shareholders of the issuer.
The new Mexican Securities Market Law ratifies that public companies may insert provisions in their by-laws pursuant to which the acquisition of control of the company, by the company’s shareholders or third parties, may be prevented, if such provisions (i) are approved by shareholders without the negative vote of shareholders representing 5% or more of the outstanding shares, (ii) do not exclude any shareholder or group of shareholders, and (iii) do not restrict, in an absolute manner, the change of control.
BylawsBelow is a brief summary of some significant provisions of our bylaws and Mexican law. This description does not purport to be complete, and is qualified by reference in its entirety to our bylaws, which have been filed as an exhibit to this annual report and Mexican law. For a description of the provisions of our bylaws relating to our Board of Directors, Executive Committee and statutory auditors, see "Directors, Senior Management and Employees."
Purpose
Article 2 of our bylaws defines our purpose as the promotion, organization, management and participation in the capital stock of all types of commercial companies, partnerships, associations or industrial, trading, services or any other type of company, both domestic and foreign, as well as participation in the administration thereof, as well as other purposes related thereto.
Duration
The Bylaws provide that the duration of CCM is 99 years, which term expires on January 28, 2043.
Organization, Registration and Transfer
We were incorporated under Public Deed Number 30,200, dated September 20, 1991, granted before Notary Public Number 104 of Mexico City, D.F., and registered with the Public Registry of Commerce of Mexico City, under Commercial Page (folio mercantil) Number 15103.
Share certificates in registered form, which may, evidence our shares or may not have dividend coupons attached. We maintain a stock registry, and in accordance with Mexican law only those holders listed in the stock registry are recognized as our shareholders. We will register B Shares and C Shares in our stock registry only as a part of BC Units or B Units, as the case may be. Shareholders may hold their BC Units or B Units in the form of physical certificates or through book-entries with institutions that have accounts with Indeval. Indeval is the holder of record in respect of such BC Units or B Units held in book-entry form. Brokers, banks and other entities approved by the CNBV may maintain accounts at Indeval.
Voting Rights and Shareholders’ Meetings
Board of Directors. The management of our business is vested in our Board of Directors. Article 19 of our bylaws, amended pursuant to the June 2001 amendments to the Mexican Securities Market Law, currently provides for a Board of Directors of a minimum of five and no more than twenty members, at least 25% of which must be "independent directors" under Mexican law, and the same number of alternate directors. The Board currently consists of 12 members. Under Mexican law, as recently amended, a shareholder or group of shareholders owning 10% or more of the capital stock of a company has the right to elect one regular and the corresponding alternate director.
Holders of B Shares. Holders of B Shares have the right to vote on all matters subject to shareholder approval at any general shareholders’ meeting and have the right, voting as a class, to appoint the Board of Directors and the corresponding alternate directors.
Holders of C Shares. The holders of C Shares will generally not be entitled to vote, or to attend or address meetings of shareholders at which they are not entitled to vote. However, under Mexican law, classes of shareholders (including holders of non-voting stock such as the C Shares) are entitled to vote as a class in a special meeting governed by the same rules that apply to extraordinary general meetings, as described below, on any action that would prejudice the rights of holders of shares of other series, and a holder of shares of such series would be entitled to judicial relief against any such action taken without such a vote. The determination whether an action requires a class vote on these grounds would initially be made by the Board. In certain cases, the Board, the statutory auditors or a Mexican court could call a special meeting. A negative determination would be subject to judicial challenge by an affected shareholder and a court would ultimately determine the necessity for a class vote. There are no other procedures for determining whether a particular proposed shareholder action requires a class vote, and Mexican law does not provide extensive guidance on the criteria to be applied in making such a determination.
Holders of GDSs. Holders of GDSs are entitled to instruct the depositary how to vote the shares comprising the BC Units represented by their respective GDSs, subject to the terms of the Deposit Agreement.
Holders of GDRs. Holders of GDRs or general depository receipts will be entitled to instruct the depositary as to the exercise of the voting rights pertaining to the B Shares and the limited voting rights pertaining to the C Shares forming the BC Units represented by their GDRs.
Other Rights of Shareholders. General shareholders’ meetings may be ordinary general meetings or extraordinary general meetings. Extraordinary general meetings are those called to consider certain matters specified in the Mexican Companies Law and the Bylaws including, principally, amendments of the Bylaws, liquidation, dissolution, merger and transformation from one form of company to another and increases and reductions of the fixed portion of the capital stock. General meetings called to consider all other matters are ordinary meetings. An ordinary general meeting of the holders of B Shares must be held at least once each year within the first four months following the end of the preceding fiscal year to consider the approval of the financial statements of CCM and certain of its subsidiaries for the preceding fiscal year, to elect directors for holders of B Shares and statutory auditors, to determine the compensation of all directors or statutory auditors, and to determine the allocation of the profits or losses of the preceding year.
The quorum for an ordinary general meeting of the B Shares on first call is 50% plus one of such shares, and action may be taken by 50% plus one of the outstanding B Shares. If a quorum is not available, a second meeting may be called at which action may be taken by a majority of the B Shares present, regardless of the number of such shares.
The quorum for an extraordinary general meeting is at least 75% and a majority of all of the outstanding shares that are entitled to vote on first and successive calls, respectively, and action may be taken by a vote of 50% plus one of the outstanding shares that are entitled to vote.
Under Mexican law, holders of 33% of our outstanding shares may have any shareholder action suspended pending final judicial resolution by filing a complaint with a Mexican court of competent jurisdiction within 15 days after the close of the meeting at which such action was taken, by showing that the challenged action violates Mexican law or the Bylaws. Relief under these provisions is only available to holders (i) who were entitled to vote on the challenged shareholder action and (ii) whose shares were not represented when the action was taken or, if represented, voted against it.
Shareholders’ meetings may be called by the Board, our statutory auditors or a Mexican court. The Board or the statutory auditors may be required to call a meeting of the shareholders at the written request of the holders of 33% of the B Shares or, in the case of a meeting at which holders of C Shares would be entitled to vote, at the written request of the holders of 33% of the outstanding C Shares. In the event that a meeting is not called within 15 days following the date of such request, a Mexican court may require such meeting to be called. Notices of meetings and agendas therefor must be published in the Diario Oficial de la Federación or a newspaper of general circulation in Mexico City at least 15 days prior to the date set for the meeting. Meetings may be held without such publication, provided that 100% of the shares entitled to vote are represented. To attend a meeting, shareholders must deposit their shares prior to such meeting as indicated in the notice. If entitled to attend the meeting, a shareholder may be represented by an attorney-in-fact.
Dividends and Distributions
At the annual ordinary general meeting of holders of B Shares, the Board submits our financial statements for the previous fiscal year together with a report thereon by the Board and the report of the statutory auditor, to the holders of B Shares for approval. The holders of B Shares, once they have approved the financial statements, determine the allocation of our net profits for the preceding year. They are required by law to allocate at least 5% of such net profits to a legal reserve, which is not thereafter available for distribution except as a stock dividend, until the amount of the legal reserve equals 20% of historical capital stock (before effect of any restatement). See Note 11 to our Annual Financial Statements. Thereafter, the shareholders may determine and allocate a certain percentage of net profits to any general or special reserve, including a reserve for open-market purchases of our shares. The remainder of net profits is available for distribution in the form of dividends to the shareholders, subject to the terms of certain restrictive covenants contained in certain of our indebtedness. See "Key Information-Dividends.
Holders of the B Shares and C Shares and, accordingly, holders of BC Units and B Units, will have equal rights, on a per share basis, to dividends and other distributions, including any distributions upon our liquidation.
Capital Variations
The fixed portion of our capital stock may only be increased or decreased by resolution of an extraordinary general meeting of shareholders, subject to the exception that we may decrease our fixed capital stock under certain circumstances without such a resolution if we, in accordance with the Securities Market Law, repurchase our shares, whereas the variable portion of our capital stock may be increased or decreased by resolution of an ordinary or extraordinary general meeting of shareholders (except in connection with repurchases of shares where no shareholders meeting is required). Increases and decreases in our capital stock must be recorded in our book of capital variations. Any increase or decrease in our capital stock is subject to the limitations that the variable portion of the capital stock may not exceed the equivalent of 10 times the fixed portion of the capital stock and that the C Shares may not at any time represent more than 25% of our capital stock.
Pre-emptive Rights
Except in certain circumstances involving a public offering and requiring prior CNBV approval or in connection with the placement of our shares which were previously repurchased, in the event of a capital increase, a holder of existing shares of a given series has a preferential right to subscribe for a sufficient number of shares of the same series to maintain the holder’s existing proportionate holdings of shares of that series. For example, subject to certain exceptions, if we issued B Shares and C Shares in the form of BC Units and B Shares in the form of B Units in the future, pursuant to and subject to applicable Mexican law, each holder of BC Units and B Units would be entitled to subscribe for a sufficient number of BC Units and/or B Units, as the case may be, to maintain such holder’s then-existing proportionate holdings of B Shares and C Shares, and the Principal Shareholders would be entitled to subscribe for a sufficient number of B Units and BC Units to maintain their proportionate holdings of B Shares and C Shares with respect thereto. Pre-emptive rights must be exercised during a term fixed by the shareholders at the meeting declaring such capital increase, which term may not end before at least 15 days following the publication of notice of the capital increase in the official gazette of the corporate domicile. Under Mexican law, pre-emptive rights cannot be waived in advance and cannot be represented by an instrument that is negotiable separately from the corresponding share. Holders of GDSs may be restricted in their ability to participate in the exercise of such pre-emptive rights.
Other Provisions
Redemption. The B Shares and the C Shares are subject to redemption in connection with either (i) a reduction of share capital or (ii) a redemption with retained earnings, which, in either case, must be approved by our shareholders at an extraordinary general shareholders’ meeting. The shares subject to any such redemption would be selected by us by lot or in the case of redemption with retained earnings, by purchasing shares on the Mexican Stock Exchange, in accordance with the Mexican Companies Law, provided that in no case can shares be redeemed in such a way that the number of currently outstanding C Shares represents more than 25% of our capital stock.
Fixed and Variable Capital. We are permitted to issue shares constituting fixed capital and shares constituting variable capital. The fixed minimum part without right to withdrawal of our capital amounts to the sum of Ps.1,000,000,000.00 and it is represented by 1,000,000,000 shares. The issuance of variable-capital shares, unlike the issuance of fixed-capital shares, does not require an amendment of the Bylaws, although it does require a vote of 50% plus one of the B Shares at an ordinary general meeting of shareholders. Under Mexican law and the Bylaws, if we issued variable capital shares, any holder of such shares would be entitled to redeem them at the holder’s option at any time at a redemption price equal to the lower of (i) 95% of the average market value of such shares on the Mexican Stock Exchange for 30 trading days on which the shares were quoted preceding the date on which the exercise of the option is effective and (ii) the book value of such shares at the end of the fiscal year in which the exercise of the option is effective. If the option is exercised during the first three-quarters of a fiscal year, it is effective at the end of that fiscal year, but if it is exercised during the fourth quarter, it is effective at the end of the next succeeding fiscal year. The redemption price would be payable following the annual ordinary general meeting of holders of B Shares at which the relevant annual financial statements were approved.
Forfeiture of Shares. As required by Mexican law, the Bylaws provide that non-Mexican holders of B Shares, C Shares, BC Units and B Units formally agree with the Foreign Affairs Ministry (i) to be considered as Mexicans with respect to the B Shares, the C Shares, the BC Units and the B Units that they acquire or hold as well as the property, rights, concessions, participation or interests owned by us or to the rights and obligations derived from any agreements the Company has with the Mexican government and (ii) not to invoke the protection of their own governments. Failure to comply may result in a penalty of forfeiture of such a shareholder’s capital interests in favor of Mexico. In the opinion of Santamarina y Steta, S.C., our Mexican counsel, under this provision a non-Mexican shareholder (including non-Mexican holders of GDSs) is deemed to have agreed not to invoke the protection of his own government by asking such government to interpose a diplomatic claim against the Mexican government with respect to the shareholder’s rights as a shareholder, but is not deemed to have waived any other rights it may have, including any rights under the United States securities laws, with respect to its investment in us. If the shareholder should invoke governmental protection in violation of this agreement, its shares could be forfeited to the Mexican government.
Exclusive Jurisdiction. The Bylaws provide that legal actions relating to our relationship and the shareholders may be brought only in courts in the Federal District of Mexico City.
Purchase by CCM of its Shares. We generally may not repurchase our shares, subject to certain exceptions. First, we may repurchase shares for cancellation with distributable earnings pursuant to a decision of an extraordinary general meeting of shareholders. Second, pursuant to judicial adjudication, we may acquire the shares of a shareholder in satisfaction of a debt owned by such shareholder to us, we must sell any shares so acquired within three months, otherwise our capital stock will be reduced and such shares canceled. Third, in accordance with the Securities Market Law and our Bylaws, we may repurchase our shares representing our capital on the Mexican Stock Exchange at any time at the then-prevailing market price. The Board of Directors must approve any such repurchase. Our capital stock would be reduced automatically in an amount equal to the theoretical value of each repurchased share (determined by dividing the outstanding capital stock of CCM by the number of shares outstanding immediately prior to such repurchase); in the event that the purchase price of such shares exceeded the theoretical value, the difference would be paid for with amounts allocated from net earnings to a special reserve created for the repurchase of shares. We would hold repurchased shares as treasury stock, pending future placements thereof which could be effected on the Mexican Stock Exchange. Our capital stock would be automatically increased upon the resale of shares in an amount equal to their theoretical value; any excess amount would be allocated to the special reserve referred to above. The economic and voting rights corresponding to such repurchased shares may not be exercised during the period in which such shares are owned by us and such shares would not be deemed to be outstanding for purposes of calculating any quorum or vote at any shareholder’s meeting during such period. In no event may such repurchase result in a percentage of C Shares in excess of that permitted by the Bylaws or applicable law.
Obligation of Majority Shareholders. In accordance with the Mexican Securities Market Law, persons deemed to control us, including the Principal Shareholders, will be required to make a public offer to repurchase any shares held by minority shareholders (at the higher of the average market price during the 30 preceding days or at book value) in the event that either us or the CNBV cancels the registration of such shares with the National Register of Intermediaries and Securities, or RNVI.
Conflict of interest. Any shareholder that has a direct interest with respect to a certain transaction shall abstain from voting with respect to such transaction at the relevant shareholders’ meeting. A shareholder that votes on a business transaction in which its interest conflicts with that of CCM may be liable for damages, but only if the transaction would not have been approved without our vote.
Appraisal rights. Whenever the shareholders approve a change of corporate purposes, change of nationality of the corporation or transformation from one form of company to another, any shareholder entitled to vote on such change that has voted against it may withdraw from us and receive the amount calculated as specified under Mexican law attributable to its shares, provided that it exercises its right within 15 days following the adjournment of the meeting at which the change was approved. Because the C Shares may not vote on these matters, such appraisal rights are not available to such holders of C Shares, including C Shares underlying the BC Units.
Actions against Directors. Action for civil liabilities against the directors may be initiated by resolution of an ordinary shareholders’ meeting. In the event the ordinary shareholders’ meeting decides to bring such action, the directors against whom such action is to be brought will immediately cease to be directors. Additionally, shareholders representing not less than 15% of the outstanding shares may directly exercise such action against the directors, provided that (i) such shareholders shall not have voted in favor of not exercising such action at the relevant shareholders’ meeting, and (ii) the claim covers all the damages alleged to have been caused to us and not only the portion corresponding to such shareholders. Any recovery of damages with respect to such action will be for the benefit of us and not for the shareholders bringing this action.
Material Contracts
In June 1991, we entered into a joint venture with Costco. The joint venture is governed by a board of directors consisting of six members, three of whom are appointed by us (including the chairman of the board of the joint venture) and three of whom are appointed by Costco. The Costco de Mexico Group joint venture is managed, on a day-to-day basis, by officers appointed by Costco and approved by us pursuant to certain management agreements between us, Costco and the Costco de Mexico Group joint venture. The management agreements may be terminated by either Costco or the Costco de Mexico Group joint venture at any time, and any termination initiated by the joint venture must be approved by a majority (at least four directors consisting of two representatives of each of CCM and Costco) of its board of directors. The affirmative vote of a majority of the entire board of directors of the joint venture is required to approve certain significant decisions regarding the joint venture, including certain revisions to the joint venture business plan, obligations or acquisitions of real estate or certain other fixed assets not otherwise provided for in the business plan, the removal of any of the management personnel appointed by Costco and certain transfers of ownership interests in the joint venture. In addition, a unanimous vote of both members of a two-person executive committee consisting of the chief executive officers of Costco and us is required to approve certain obligations not otherwise provided for in the business plan and other significant decisions regarding the joint venture which are not specifically reserved for the board of directors.
The funding requirements of the joint venture are shared by Costco and us, as determined from time to time by the parties. We and Costco each contributed Ps.354.1 million in 2003, Ps.445.9 million in 2004 and Ps.159.4 million in 2005 to the Costco de Mexico Group joint venture. In 2006, we and Costco each agreed to contribute U.S.$15.0 million to the Costco de Mexico Group joint venture. In the event that either party defaults on its obligations to provide its portion of the funding for the joint venture, the other party, at its option, may, among other things, exercise its right to buy out the defaulting party’s interest at fair market value. The joint venture agreement contains limitations on competition in the membership warehouse format by Costco and us. The joint venture has a duration of 99 years, ending 2090. However, the joint venture agreement may be terminated and the joint venture dissolved, (i) by mutual agreement of Costco and us, or (ii) upon a sale by either party of its entire interest in the joint venture by written agreement. We or Costco may purchase the other party’s interest in the joint venture at a price determined by reference to the fair market value of that interest in the event that the other party (i) fails to provide its portion of the financing to the joint venture, (ii) fails to provide or maintain a guarantee as required by the joint venture agreement, (iii) transfers its interest to an unaffiliated third party without the consent of the majority of the board of directors of the joint venture, (iv) is unable to resolve with the other party within a prescribed period a deadlock of the board of directors, (v) is in default of its obligations under the joint venture agreement, or (vi) is insolvent or bankrupt.
See "Operating and Financial Review and Prospectus-Liquidity and Capital Resources-Indebtedness" for a brief discussion of certain terms of our significant debt agreements.
Enforceability of Civil LiabilitiesAll of our directors, executive officers and controlling persons reside outside of the United States, substantially all of the assets of our directors, executive officers and controlling persons are located outside the United States, all of our assets are located outside of the United States and some of the experts named in this annual report also reside outside of the United States. As a result, it may not be possible for you to effect service of process within the United States upon these persons or to enforce against them or us in U.S. courts judgments predicated upon the civil liability provisions of the federal securities laws of the United States. We have been advised by our Mexican counsel, Mijares, Angoitia, Cortes y Fuentes, S.C., that there is doubt as to the enforceability, in original actions in Mexican courts, of liabilities predicated solely on U.S. federal securities laws and as to the enforceability in Mexican courts of judgments of U.S. courts obtained in actions predicated upon the civil liability provisions of U.S. federal securities laws.
Legal ProceedingsWe are involved in certain legal proceedings incidental to the normal conduct of our business, which management does not believe will, in the aggregate, be material to our consolidated financial condition.
We are also involved in several legal proceedings regarding various tax matters, which we do not believe will, individually or in the aggregate, be material to our consolidated financial condition.
Over the past year and a half, we were notified at various times by the Secretaría de Hacienda y Crédito Público, or the Mexican tax authority, of federal tax assessments in an aggregate amount of approximately Ps.371.8 million including penalties and surcharges relating to the 1997 to 2005 tax years. The assessments relate to asset tax claims. We believe that these claimed assessments are without merit, and we are vigorously defending against them before the appropriate judicial authority, although no assurances can be given as to the outcome of these disputes.
The Costco de Mexico group joint venture has also been notified of tax assessments in an aggregate amount of approximately Ps.117.5 million (Ps.58.7 million for our 50% share) including penalties and surcharges relating to the 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002 and 2003 tax years. The assessments relate principally to import tax claims. We believe that these claimed assessments are without merit, and we are vigorously defending against them before the appropriate judicial authority, although no assurances can be given as to the outcome of these disputes.
New York Stock Exchange Corporate
Governance StandardsAs a foreign private issuer with shares listed on the NYSE, we are subject to different corporate governance requirements than a U.S. company under the NYSE listing standards. With certain exceptions, foreign private issuers are permitted to follow home country practice standards. Pursuant to Rule 303A.11 of the NYSE listed company manual, we are required to provide a summary of the significant ways in which our corporate governance practices differ from those required for U.S. companies under the NYSE listing standards.
We are a Mexican corporation with shares, in the form of BC Units, listed on the Bolsa Mexicana de Valores, or Mexican Stock Exchange. Our corporate governance practices are governed by our bylaws, the Mexican Securities Market Law, and the regulations issued by the CNBV and the Mexican Stock Exchange. Although compliance is not mandatory, we also substantially comply with the Mexican Code of Best Corporate Practices (Código de Mejores Prácticas Corporativas), which was created in January 1999 by a group of Mexican business leaders and was endorsed by the Mexican Banking and Securities Commission. See "-Bylaws" for a more detailed description of our corporate governance practices.
The table below sets forth a description of the significant differences between corporate governance practices required for U.S. companies under the NYSE listing standards and the Mexican corporate governance standards that govern our practices.
NYSE Standard | Our Corporate Governance Practice |
Majority of board of directors must be independent. | We are required to have a board of directors of between 5 and 21 members, 25% of whom must be independent under the Mexican Securities Market Law. The definition of independence according the Mexican Securities Market differs in certain respects from the definition applicable to U.S. issuers under the NYSE standard. |
Non-management directors must meet at executive sessions without management. | Executive sessions within non-management or independent directors are not recommended by the Mexican Code of Best Corporate Practices. |
Nominating/Corporate Governance Committee composed entirely of independent directors required. | We are not required to have a nominating/corporate governance committee, and is not recommended by the Mexican Code of Best Corporate Practices. |
Compensation Committee composed entirely of independent directors required. | In the annual shareholders meeting held on April 7, 2005 it has been voted for the creation of this committee composed in its majority by independent directors. Pursuant the new Mexican Market Securities Law issued on December 30, 2005 and in the annual shareholders meeting held on April 6, 2006 three independent directors were elected to the committee and the committee renamed as the Corporate Practices Committee. |
Audit Committee satisfying the independence requirements of rule 10A-3 under the Exchange Act and the NYSE independence standards required. | We have a three member audit committee. The members are independent under applicable Mexican Standards. The chairman of the audit committee has been elected an "audit financial expert". The Audit Committee has a written charter as required by Rule 10A-3. We also have an internal audit department. |
Corporate Governance Guidelines must be adopted and Code of Conduct and Ethics required. | We have adopted a code of ethics applicable to all our employees, which is available at www.comerci.com. We are required by item 16B of Form 20-F to disclose any waivers granted to our CEO, CFO and any other persons performing similar functions. |
Officer’s Certifications | We are required to disclose every year our degree of compliance with Mexican Code of Best Corporate Practices. The truthfulness of such disclosure must be certified by the Chairman of the Board of Directors, however there is no such concept as a violation since compliance with the Mexican Code of Best Corporate Practices is not mandatory. Furthermore, other than the certification described above and the certifications required by Section 302 and Section 906 under the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, no CEO is required to notify any non-compliance of which it may be aware of. Pursuant Rule 303A.12 of the Listed Company Manual of the NYSE, we will submit within 30 days of the day that we file our annual report on form 20-F an Annual Written Affirmation signed by an authorized officer. |
Exchange Controls and Restrictions on Foreign InvestmentExchange Rates and Controls
The Mexican economy has suffered balance of payments deficits and shortages in foreign exchange reserves. While the Mexican Government does not currently restrict the ability of Mexican or foreign persons or entities to convert Pesos to U.S. Dollars, no assurance can be given that the Mexican Government will not institute a restrictive exchange control policy in the future (as has been the case in the past). Any such restrictive exchange policy could have a material adverse effect on our business and financial condition. See "Key Information-Risk Factors-Risk Factors Related to Mexico-Currency Fluctuations or the Devaluation and Depreciation of the Peso Could Limit Our Ability to Convert Pesos into U.S. Dollars or into Other Currencies, Which Could Adversely Affect Our Business, Financial Condition or Results of Operations."
Except for the period from September through December 1982, during the Mexican liquidity crisis, Banco de Mexico consistently has made foreign currencies available to Mexican private sector entities (such as the Company) to meet their foreign currencies obligations. Nevertheless, in the event of renewed shortages of foreign currencies there can be no assurance that Banco de Mexico would continue to make foreign currencies available to private sector companies or that foreign currencies needed by us to service foreign currency obligations could be purchased in the open market without substantial additional cost.
Fluctuations in the exchange rate between the Peso and the U.S. dollar will affect the U.S. dollar equivalent of the Peso price of the securities on the Mexican Stock Exchange, including the BC Units and, as a result, will likely affect the market price of the GDSs. Such fluctuations also would affect the conversion by the depositary into U.S. dollars of any cash dividends paid in Pesos on the B Shares and the C Shares comprising the BC Units.
Foreign Investment Legislation
Ownership by non-Mexicans of shares of Mexican enterprises is regulated by the 1993 Ley de Inversión Extranjera, or the Foreign Investment Law, and the 1998 Reglamento de la Ley de Inversión Extranjera, or the Foreign Investment Regulations. The Comisión Nacional de Inversiones Extranjeras, or National Foreign Investment Commission, administers the Foreign Investment Law and Regulations. To comply with the restrictions on percentages of capital stock that may be owned by non-Mexicans, Mexican companies typically limit the ownership of particular classes of their capital stock to Mexicans.
The Foreign Investment Law reserves certain economic activities exclusively for the Mexican State, certain other activities exclusively for Mexican individuals or Mexican corporations and limits the participation of non-Mexican investors to certain percentages in regard to enterprises engaged in activities specified therein. Foreign investors may freely participate in up to 100% of the capital stock of Mexican companies or entities except for those existing companies (i) engaged in reserved activities as referred to above and (ii) with assets exceeding the amount to be established annually by the Foreign Investment Commission (which has been set at Ps.85 million) in which case an approval from the Foreign Investment Commission will be necessary in order for foreign investment to exceed 49% of the capital stock. The Principal Shareholders have advised us that they intend to maintain the Control Position directly in the form of B Units. Pursuant to the Foreign Investment Law, unless appropriate authorization is obtained, the Control Position may be transferred only to Mexican nationals.
Mexican and non-Mexican nationals are entitled to hold, and to exercise the rights of a holder of, the BC Units, the B Units, the B Shares and the C Shares. The C Shares may not represent more than 25% of our capital stock.
TaxationUnited States Taxes
General. The following is a summary of the anticipated material U.S. federal income tax consequences of the purchase, ownership and disposition of GDSs , B Units, BC Units and the B Shares and C Shares underlying the Units (referred to herein as the "Underlying Shares"), except as otherwise noted, by U.S. Holders, as defined below. This discussion does not address all aspects of U.S. federal income taxation that may be relevant to a particular beneficial owner of B Units, BC Units, GDSs or Underlying Shares based on the beneficial owner’s particular circumstances. For example, with respect to U.S. Holders, the following discussion does not address the U.S. federal income tax consequences to a U.S. Holder:
- that owns, directly, indirectly or through attribution, 2% or more of the total voting power or value of our shares (including through ownership of B Units, BC Units or GDSs);
- that is a dealer in securities, insurance company, financial institution, tax-exempt organization, U.S. expatriate, broker-dealer or trader in securities; or
- whose functional currency is not the U.S. dollar.
Also, this discussion does not consider:
- the tax consequences for the shareholders, partners or beneficiaries of a U.S. holder; or
- special tax rules that may apply to a U.S. holder that holds B Units, BC Units, GDSs or Underlying Shares as part of a "straddle," "hedge," "conversion transaction," "synthetic security" or other integrated investment.
In addition, the following discussion does not address any aspect of state, local or non-U.S. tax laws, other than Mexican tax laws (see "Mexican Taxes" below). Further, this discussion generally applies only to U.S. Holders that hold the B Units, BC Units, GDSs or Underlying Shares as capital assets within the meaning of Section 1221 of the Internal Revenue Code. This summary does not constitute, and should not be considered as legal or tax advice to holders.
The discussion set forth below is based on the U.S. federal income tax laws as in force on the date of this annual report, including:
- the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, applicable Treasury Regulations and judicial and administrative interpretations; and
- the convention between the Government of the United States of America and the Government of the United Mexican States for the Avoidance of Double Taxation and the Prevention of Fiscal Evasion with Respect to Taxes on Income, including the applicable protocols, which we refer to as the tax treaty;
- and is subject to changes to those laws and the tax treaty subsequent to the date of this annual report, which changes could be made on a retroactive basis; and
- is also based in part on the representations of the Citibank, N.A. as depositary and on the assumption that each obligation in the deposit agreement relating to the B Units, BC Units and GDSs and any related agreement will be performed in accordance with its terms.
Beneficial owners of B Units, BC Units, GDSs and Underlying Shares should consult their own tax advisors as to the particular United States, Mexican or other tax consequences of the ownership and disposition of B Units, BC Units, GDSs and Underlying Shares which may be applicable to them.
As used in this section, the term "U.S. Holder" means a beneficial owner of B Units, BC Units, GDSs or Underlying Shares that is, for U.S. federal income tax purposes:
- a citizen or individual resident of the United States;
- a corporation (or entity classified as a corporation for these purposes) created or organized in or under the laws of the United States or of any State thereof or the District of Columbia;
- an estate the income of which is included in gross income for U.S. federal income tax purposes regardless of source; or
- a trust, if either (x) it is subject to the primary supervision of a court within the United States and one or more "United States persons" has the authority to control all substantial decisions of the trust or (y) it has a valid election in effect under applicable U.S. Treasury regulations to be treated as a "United States person".
If a partnership (or an entity or arrangement classified as a partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes) holds B Units, BC Units, GDSs or Underlying Shares, the U.S. federal income tax treatment of a partner in the partnership generally will depend on the status of the partner and the activities of the partnership, and partnerships holding B Units, BC Units, GDSs or Underlying Shares should consult their own tax advisors regarding the U.S. federal income tax consequences of purchasing, owning and disposing of B Units, BC Units, GDSs or Underlying Shares.
An individual may be treated as a resident of the United States in any calendar year for U.S. federal income tax purposes by being present in the United States on at least 31 days in that calendar year and for an aggregate of at least 183 days during a three-year period ending at the close of that year. For purposes of this calculation, all of the days present in the current year, one-third of the days present in the immediately preceding year and one-sixth of the days present in the second preceding year would be counted. Residents are taxed for U.S. federal income purposes as if they were U.S. citizens.
The application of the tax treaty to U.S. Holders is conditioned upon, among other things, the assumptions that the U.S. Holder:
- is not a resident of Mexico for purposes of the tax treaty;
- is an individual who has a substantial presence in the United States;
- is entitled to the benefits of the tax treaty under the limitation on benefits provision contained in Article 17 of the tax treaty; and
- does not have a fixed place of business or a permanent establishment in Mexico with which its ownership of B Units, BC Units, GDSs or Underlying Shares is effectively connected.
Ownership of B Units, BC Units and Shares. In general, for the U.S. federal income tax purposes, U.S. Holders of GDSs will be treated as the beneficial owners of BC Units (and the Underlying Shares comprising such BC Units) represented by those GDSs.
Taxation of Dividends and Stock Distributions. Any distribution paid by us, including the amount of any Mexican taxes withheld, will be included in the gross income of a U.S. Holder as a dividend, treated as ordinary income, to the extent that the distribution is paid out of our current or accumulated earnings and profits, as determined under U.S. federal income tax principles. U.S. Holders will not be entitled to claim a dividends received deduction for dividends received from us. A U.S. Holder who is an individual may be eligible for reduced rates of taxation on such dividends. Such dividends paid in Pesos will be includible in the income of a U.S. Holder in a U.S. dollar amount calculated by reference to the exchange rate in effect on the day the pesos are received by the U.S. Holder or the depositary on behalf of the U.S. Holder, regardless of whether the payment is in fact converted into U.S. dollars. U.S. Holders should consult their own tax advisor regarding the treatment of any foreign currency gain or loss on any Pesos received by the U.S. Holder or the depositary on behalf of the U.S. Holder which are not converted into U.S. dollars on the day the Pesos are received.
A U.S. Holder may, subject to certain limitations, be eligible to claim as a credit or deduction, for purposes of computing such holder’s United States federal income tax liability, any Mexican withholding tax paid in respect of dividends paid by the Company. Such dividends will generally constitute foreign-source income and will generally be classified as foreign source "passive income" or, in the case of some U.S. Holders, foreign source "financial services income" for taxable years beginning on or before December 31, 2006 and foreign source "general category income" for taxable years beginning after December 31, 2006, for purposes of determining the United States foreign tax credit limitation. In addition, foreign tax credits generally will not be allowed for Mexican withholding taxes imposed with respect to certain short-term or hedged positions in stock. The calculation of United States foreign tax credits and, in the case of a U.S. Holder that elects to deduct foreign taxes, the availability of deductions, involves the application of complex rules that depend on a U.S. Holder’s particular circumstances. U.S. Holders should consult their own tax advisors regarding the availability of foreign tax credits and deductions for such Mexican withholding tax.
Distributions of additional shares of the Company to U.S. Holders with respect to the Underlying Shares (and accompanying distributions with respect to B Units, BC Units and GDSs) that are made as part of a pro rata distribution to all shareholders of the Company generally will not be subject to United States federal income tax.
A beneficial owner of B Units, BC Units, GDSs or Underlying Shares that, for U.S. federal income tax purposes, is neither a U.S. Holder nor a partnership (nor an entity or arrangement classified as a partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes), referred to herein as a non-U.S. Holder, will not be subject to United States federal income or withholding tax on dividends paid with respect to the Underlying Shares (or with respect to B Units, BC Units or GDSs), unless such income is effectively connected with the conduct by the non-U.S. Holder of a trade or business in the United States.
Taxation of Capital Gains. Gain or loss recognized by a U.S. Holder on the sale or other taxable disposition of B Units, BC Units, GDSs or Underlying Shares will be subject to United States federal income taxation as capital gain or loss in an amount equal to the difference (if any) between such U.S. Holder’s tax basis in the B Units, BC Units, GDSs or Underlying Shares and the amount realized on the sale or other taxable disposition. Such capital gain or loss will be long-term capital gain or loss if the B Units, BC Units, GDSs or Underlying Shares have been held for more than one year at the time of the disposition. The deductibility of capital losses is subject to limitations. Capital gains recognized on a sale or other taxable disposition of B Units, BC Units, GDSs or Underlying Shares by a U.S. Holder generally will be treated as United States source income, unless such gains are subject to Mexican taxation under the tax treaty, in which case, a U.S. Holder generally will be permitted to elect to treat such gains as foreign source income for U.S. foreign tax credit purposes. Capital losses recognized on the sale or taxable disposition of B Units, BC Units, GDSs or Underlying Shares by a U.S. Holder generally will be allocated to reduce income from U.S. sources for U.S. foreign tax credit purposes. U.S. Holders should consult their tax advisors concerning the U.S. foreign tax credit implications of a disposition of B Units, BC Units, GDSs or Underlying Shares. Deposits and withdrawals of BC Units for GDSs by U.S. Holders will not be subject to United States federal income tax.
A non-U.S. Holder of B Units, BC Units, GDSs or Underlying Shares will not be subject to United States federal income or withholding tax on gain realized on the sale or other taxable disposition of B Units, BC Units, GDSs or Underlying Shares, unless:
- such gain is effectively connected with the conduct by the holder of a trade or business in the United States, or
- in the case of gain realized by an individual holder, the holder is present in the United States for 183 days or more in the taxable year of the sale or other taxable disposition and certain other conditions are met.
Backup Withholding and Information Reporting. A U.S. Holder may be subject to U.S. information reporting and U.S. backup withholding for dividends paid on the B Units, BC Units, GDSs or Underlying Shares, or proceeds from the sale or other disposition of B Units, BC Units, GDSs or Underlying Shares unless the U.S. Holder:
- is a corporation or comes within an exempt category; or
- provides a taxpayer identification number, certifies as to no loss of exemption from backup withholding tax and otherwise complies with the applicable requirements of the backup withholding rules.
The amount of any backup withholding will be allowed as a credit against the U.S. Holder’s U.S. federal income tax liability and may entitle such holder to a refund provided that certain required information is furnished to the U.S. Internal Revenue Service.
A non-U.S. Holder may be required to comply with certification and identification procedures in order to establish its exemption from backup withholding.
Mexican Taxes
General. The following is a general summary of the anticipated material Mexican tax consequences of the purchase, ownership and disposition of Units and GDSs to a person who is not a resident of Mexico for Mexican tax purposes as defined below.
An income tax treaty between the United States and Mexico is in effect (the "Tax Treaty"). Except as indicated below under "-Taxation of Capital Gains," the Tax Treaty will not have any material effect on the Mexican tax consequences described herein.
This summary is based upon the tax laws of Mexico as in effect on the date of this Annual Report, which are subject to change. Holders should consult their own tax advisors as to the particular United States, Mexican or other tax consequences of the purchase, ownership and disposition of Units or GDSs which may be applicable to them and as to their entitlement to the benefits afforded by the Tax Treaty or other income tax treaty to which Mexico is a party.
Taxation of Dividends. Dividends, either in cash or in any other form, paid with respect to the shares underlying the BC Units, including those BC Units represented by GDSs, will not be subject to Mexican withholding tax.
When dividends are paid from our "previously taxed net earnings account," or "cuenta de utilidad fiscal neta," we will not be required to pay any Mexican corporate income tax on the dividends. If dividends are not paid from our "previously taxed net earnings account" we will be required to pay a 30% Mexican corporate income tax on the dividends multiplied by 1.4286.
Taxation of Capital Gains. The sale or other disposition of GDSs will not be subject to Mexican tax. Deposits and withdrawals of Units for GDSs will not give rise to Mexican tax or transfer duties.
The sale or other disposition of Units will not be subject to any Mexican tax if the sale is carried out through the Mexican Stock Exchange or other recognized securities market, as determined by Mexican tax authorities under general rules. Sales or other dispositions of Units made in other circumstances would be subject to Mexican income tax. Under the Tax Treaty, gains on the disposition of Units by less than 25% U.S. Holders eligible for benefits under the Tax Treaty will not be subject to Mexican tax, unless (i) 50% or more of the fair market value of the Company’s assets consist of "immovable property" (as defined in the treaty) situated in Mexico, or (ii) such gains are attributable to a permanent establishment or fixed base of such U.S. Holder in Mexico. Because of uncertainty regarding the interpretation of the relevant provision of the Tax Treaty there can be no assurance that 50% or more of the fair market value of CCM’s assets do not or will not consist of "immovable property" situated in Mexico. Gains of a non-U.S. Holder eligible for benefits under a treaty to which Mexico is a party may be exempt (in whole or in part) from Mexican tax under such treaty. Holders should consult with their tax advisors as to their entitlement to benefits afforded by an applicable income tax treaty.
Other Mexican Taxes. There are no Mexican inheritance or succession taxes applicable to the ownership, transfer or disposition of Units or GDSs. There are no Mexican stamp, issuer, registration or similar taxes or duties payable by holders of Units or GDSs.
Documents on DisplayFor further information about us and our securities, we refer you to the filings we have made with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission, or the SEC.
CCM is subject to the informational requirements of the U.S. Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and in accordance therewith files reports and other information with the SEC. Reports and other information filed by CCM with the SEC can be inspected and copied at the public reference facilities maintained by the SEC at its public reference room at 100 F Street, N.E., Washington, D.C. 20549. You may obtain information on the operation of the Public Reference Room by calling the SEC at 1-800-SEC-0330. Such materials can also be inspected at the offices of the New York Stock Exchange, Inc., 20 Broad Street, New York, New York 10005. Any filings we make electronically will be available to the public over the internet at the SEC’s website at www.sec.gov.
As an issuer of securities listed on the Mexican Stock Exchange, we are required to file unaudited quarterly financial statements and audited annual financial statements as well as various periodic reports with the CNBV and the Mexican Stock Exchange. Recently, the internal regulations of the Mexican Stock Exchange were amended to implement the EMISNET. Issuers of listed securities must prepare and disclose their financial information by a Mexican Stock Exchange-approved system known as the Sistema de Información Financiera Computarizada, or Computerized Financial Information System, commonly known as the SIFIC. Immediately upon its receipt, the Mexican Stock Exchange makes that information available to the public. In addition, as a Mexican listed company, we must file through the EMISNET, an automated system for the electronic transfer of the information required to be filed with the Mexican Stock Exchange and the CNBV, information regarding the occurrence of material events specified in Mexican Securities regulations.
Item 11. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk
We are exposed to market risk from changes in interest rates and currency exchange rates. Interest rate risk exists with respect to our cash flows related to our floating rate financial assets and liabilities and with respect to the fair value of our fixed-rate financial assets and liabilities. Foreign exchange rate risk exists with respect to our financial assets and liabilities denominated in currencies other than Mexican Pesos.
At December 31, 2005, we had approximately Ps.963.6 million in financial assets denominated in currencies other than Mexican Pesos, principally consisting of short-term investments and marketable securities, and approximately Ps.3,172.6 million in financial liabilities denominated in currencies other than Mexican Pesos consisting of debt and trade payables.
The Company historically has used derivatives to manage its exposure to changes in interest rates and foreign exchange. Statement C-10, as amended, which defines derivatives, requires that derivatives be carried at fair value on the balance sheet and provides for hedge accounting when certain conditions are met. In accordance with this standard, the Company’s derivative financial instruments are recognized on the balance sheet at fair value. Changes in the fair value of derivative instruments designed as "cash flow" hedge, to the extent the hedges are highly effective, are recorded in comprehensive income, net of tax effects. Ineffective proportions of cash flow hedges, if any, are recognized in current period earnings. Other comprehensive income or loss is reclassified into current period earnings when the hedge transaction affects earnings. Changes in the fair value of derivative instruments designed as "fair value" hedges, along with corresponding changes in the fair values of the hedges assets or liabilities, are recorded in the current period earnings.
The notional amount of derivative financial instruments is represented by US dollars valued at the exchange rate of $10.627 pesos per dollar. Notional amounts (in US dollars) related to derivative financial instruments reflect the volume of operations. However, they do not reflect amounts at risk. Amounts at risk are generally limited to the unrealized profit or loss from valuation to market those instruments.
For the year-ended December 31, 2005, a $664,541 change in the fair value of cash flow hedges was recorded within stockholders’ equity net of Ps.183, 271 of deferred tax. Cash flow hedges are utilized to protect the Company from exchange rate risk associated with payments for the acquisition of production materials or investment activities during the next four years, and payments associated with a foreign currency debt issuance that will be made during the next 10 years.
The potential increase in our net financial liabilities and corresponding foreign exchange loss that would have resulted from a hypothetical, immediate 10% depreciation of all of our operating currencies against the Mexican Peso would have been approximately Ps.212.5 million. Any such depreciation would have also resulted in additional nominal interest expense of approximately Ps.24.0 million per year, reflecting an increased cost of foreign currency indebtedness.
See Note 8 to our financial statements for a discussion of the fair value of our financial instruments.
Item 12. Description of Securities Other than Equity Securities
Not applicable.
PART II
Item 13. Defaults, Dividend Arrearages and Delinquencies
Not applicable.
Item 14. Material Modifications to the Rights of Security Holders and Use of Proceeds
Not applicable.
PART III
Item 15. Controls and Procedures
We carried out an evaluation, under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial and Administrative Officer, of the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures as of December 31, 2005. Based on this evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial and Administrative Officer concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures are effective to ensure that information required to be disclosed in our periodic filings under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms.
There have been no significant changes in our internal controls over financial reporting identified in connection with the evaluation above during the period covered by this annual report that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal controls over financial reporting.
Item 16A. Audit Committee Financial Expert
Our Board of Directors elected Mr. Fermin Sobero San Martin as an "audit committee financial expert".
Item 16B. Code of Ethics
We have adopted a written Code of Ethics that applies for all our employees, including our principal executive officers, principal financial officer, principal accounting officer, and persons performing similar functions.
This Code of Ethics is accessible on our website at http://www.comerci.com
Item 16C. Principal Accountant Fees and Services
PricewaterhouseCoopers served as our auditors for the years ended December 31, 2004 and 2005. The following table sets forth the fees paid for professional audit services and other services rendered by PricewaterhouseCoopers to the Company in 2004 and 2005.
Fees Paid to PricewaterhouseCoopers
| 2005 | 2004 |
| Thousands of constant Pesos as of December 31, 2005 |
Audit Fees(1)...................................................... | 7,565 | 5,729 |
Audit-related Fees(2)......................................... | | |
Tax Fees(3).......................................................... | 4,175 | 4,621 |
All Other Fees..................................................... | 6,810 | |
Total..................................................................... | 18,550 | 10,350 |
| | |
________________
(1) Audit fees include services performed by the independent accountant to comply with generally accepted accounting standards in Mexico and the United States. Audit fees also include fees for services provided by the independent accountants in connection with statutory and regulatory filings or engagements, comfort letters, statutory audits, attest services, consents and assistance with and review of documents filed with the SEC.
(2) Audit-related fees include employee benefit plan audits, accounting consultations and audits in connection with internal control reviews, attest services that are not required by statute or regulation and consultation concerning financial accounting and reporting standards.
(3) Tax fees include fees for tax compliance and tax advice. Tax compliance generally involves preparation of original and amended tax returns and claims for refund. Tax advice encompasses assistance with tax audits and appeals, employee benefit plans and requests for rulings or technical advice from taxing authorities.
Audit Committee Pre-Approval Policies and Procedures
The general authority to pre-approve the engagement of our independent auditors to render non-audit services is under the purview of our Audit Committee. Accordingly, the Audit Committee has established pre-approval procedures to control the provision of all audit and non-audit services by our independent auditors (the "Pre-Approval Policy"). Under the Pre-Approval Policy, the engagement of our independent auditors to provide audit and non-audit services must be pre-approved by the Audit Committee, either in the form of a special approval or through the inclusion of the services in question in a list adopted by the Audit Committee of pre-approved services. The Pre-Approval Policy is detailed as to the particular services to be provided. Additionally, the Pre-Approval Policy affirms that the Audit Committee’s responsibilities under the Exchange Act are not delegated to management.
Item 16D. Exceptions From the Listing Standards for Audit Committees
None.
Item 16E. Purchases of Equity Securities by the Issuer and Affiliated Purchasers
None.
PART IV
Item 17. Financial Statements
See pages F-1 through F-33, which are incorporated herein by reference.
Item 18. Financial Statements
We have responded to Item 17 in lieu of Item 18.
Item 19. Exhibits
(a) List of Financial Statements
Report of Independent Register Public Accounting Firm | F-2 |
Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 31, 2004 and 2005 | F-3 |
Consolidated Statements of Income for the Years Ended December 31, 2003, 2004 and 2005. | F-4 |
Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders’ Equity for the Years ended December 31, 2003, 2004 and 2005. | F-5 |
Consolidated Statements of Changes in Financial Position for the Years ended December 31, 2003, 2004 and 2005. | F-6 |
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for the Years Ended December 31, 2003, 2004 and 2005. | F-7 |
All other schedules relating to us are omitted because they are not required or because the required information is contained in our Financial Statements or Notes thereto.
(b) List of Exhibits
1.1 English translation of the Amended and Restated Bylaws (Estatutos Sociales) of the Registrant.
4.1 Form of Indemnity Agreement between the Registrant and its directors and its executive officers.[1]
4.2 Restated Corporate Joint Venture Agreement dated February 15, 1995, between the Price Company and Price Venture Mexico and CCM.[1]
4.3 Form of Share Purchase Agreement between us and certain employees.[1]
7.1 Calculation of ratio of earnings to fixed charges.
8.1 List of significant subsidiaries of Registrant.
12.1 CEO Certification pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, dated July 16, 2005.
12.2 CFO Certification pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, dated July 16, 2005.
13.1 CEO Certification pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, dated July 16, 2005.
13.2 CFO Certification pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, dated July 16, 2005.