UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
Form 10-Q
(Mark One)
x | QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 |
For the quarterly period ended September 30, 2005
OR
¨ | TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 |
For the transition period from to
Commission File Number 0-19858
USA TRUCK, INC.
| | |
Delaware | | 71-0556971 |
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) | | (I.R.S. employer identification no.) |
| |
3200 Industrial Park Road | | |
Van Buren, Arkansas | | 72956 |
(Address of principal executive offices) | | (Zip code) |
(479) 471-2500
(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)
Not applicable
(Former name, former address and former fiscal year, if changed since last report)
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes x No ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is an accelerated filer (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ¨ No x
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ¨ No x
The number of shares outstanding of the registrant’s Common Stock, par value $ .01, as of October 17, 2005 is 11,391,572.
USA TRUCK, INC.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page 2
PART I - FINANCIAL INFORMATION
ITEM 1. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
USA TRUCK, INC.
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(in thousands, except par value data)
| | | | | | | | |
| | September 30, 2005
| | | December 31, 20041
| |
| | (unaudited) | | | (audited) | |
Assets | | | | | | | | |
Current assets: | | | | | | | | |
Cash and cash equivalents | | $ | 3,904 | | | $ | 1,189 | |
Accounts receivable: | | | | | | | | |
Trade, less allowances of $232 in 2005 and $166 in 2004 | | | 48,123 | | | | 41,618 | |
Other | | | 4,260 | | | | 4,361 | |
Inventories | | | 707 | | | | 447 | |
Deferred income taxes | | | 3,459 | | | | 2,668 | |
Prepaid expenses and other current assets | | | 4,711 | | | | 6,376 | |
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Total current assets | | | 65,164 | | | | 56,659 | |
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Property and equipment: | | | | | | | | |
Land and structures | | | 31,303 | | | | 27,697 | |
Revenue equipment | | | 284,585 | | | | 261,282 | |
Service, office and other equipment | | | 16,979 | | | | 16,238 | |
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|
|
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| | | 332,867 | | | | 305,217 | |
Accumulated depreciation and amortization | | | (81,503 | ) | | | (73,875 | ) |
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| | | 251,364 | | | | 231,342 | |
Other assets | | | 166 | | | | 153 | |
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Total assets | | $ | 316,694 | | | $ | 288,154 | |
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Liabilities and stockholders’ equity | | | | | | | | |
Current liabilities: | | | | | | | | |
Bank drafts payable | | $ | 6,294 | | | $ | 1,769 | |
Trade accounts payable | | | 9,547 | | | | 12,069 | |
Current portion of insurance and claims accruals | | | 7,273 | | | | 8,299 | |
Accrued expenses | | | 14,552 | | | | 8,683 | |
Note payable | | | — | | | | 3,084 | |
Current maturities of long-term debt and capital leases | | | 21,487 | | | | 22,244 | |
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Total current liabilities | | | 59,153 | | | | 56,148 | |
| | |
Long-term debt and capital leases, less current maturities | | | 77,030 | | | | 115,114 | |
Deferred income taxes | | | 31,083 | | | | 27,636 | |
Insurance and claims accruals, less current portion | | | 4,238 | | | | 3,728 | |
| | |
Stockholders’ equity: | | | | | | | | |
Preferred Stock, $.01 par value; 1,000 shares authorized; none issued | | | — | | | | — | |
Common Stock, $.01 par value; 16,000 shares authorized; issued 11,380 shares in 2005 and 9,341 shares in 2004 | | | 114 | | | | 93 | |
Additional paid-in capital | | | 61,501 | | | | 13,211 | |
Retained earnings | | | 84,701 | | | | 73,411 | |
Less treasury stock, at cost (3 shares in 2005 and 7 shares in 2004) | | | (29 | ) | | | (84 | ) |
Accumulated other comprehensive income | | | — | | | | 8 | |
Unearned compensation | | | (1,097 | ) | | | (1,111 | ) |
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Total stockholders’ equity | | | 145,190 | | | | 85,528 | |
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Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity | | $ | 316,694 | | | $ | 288,154 | |
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1 | The balance sheet at December 31, 2004 has been derived from the audited consolidated financial statements at that date but does not include all of the information and footnotes required by generally accepted accounting principles for complete financial statements. |
See notes to consolidated financial statements.
Page 3
USA TRUCK, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME
(UNAUDITED)
(in thousands, except per share data)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Three Months Ended September 30,
| | | Nine Months Ended September 30,
| |
| | 2005
| | | 2004
| | | 2005
| | | 2004
| |
Revenue: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Base revenue | | $ | 95,548 | | | $ | 85,419 | | | $ | 279,525 | | | $ | 250,726 | |
Fuel surcharge revenue | | | 17,607 | | | | 6,949 | | | | 42,086 | | | | 16,879 | |
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Total revenue | | | 113,155 | | | | 92,368 | | | | 321,611 | | | | 267,605 | |
| | | | |
Operating expenses and costs: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Salaries, wages and employee benefits | | | 36,323 | | | | 32,435 | | | | 105,959 | | | | 94,160 | |
Fuel and fuel taxes | | | 32,495 | | | | 21,000 | | | | 86,338 | | | | 58,163 | |
Depreciation and amortization | | | 10,576 | | | | 9,300 | | | | 30,788 | | | | 26,544 | |
Purchased transportation | | | 6,515 | | | | 7,570 | | | | 19,053 | | | | 22,019 | |
Insurance and claims | | | 5,844 | | | | 5,698 | | | | 18,217 | | | | 18,905 | |
Operations and maintenance | | | 5,334 | | | | 5,858 | | | | 15,808 | | | | 19,434 | |
Operating taxes and licenses | | | 1,563 | | | | 1,449 | | | | 4,614 | | | | 4,249 | |
Communications and utilities | | | 828 | | | | 855 | | | | 2,370 | | | | 2,295 | |
Gain on disposal of revenue equipment, net | | | (219 | ) | | | (688 | ) | | | (900 | ) | | | (788 | ) |
Other | | | 5,053 | | | | 3,847 | | | | 14,515 | | | | 10,861 | |
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Total operating expenses | | | 104,312 | | | | 87,324 | | | | 296,762 | | | | 255,842 | |
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Operating income | | | 8,843 | | | | 5,044 | | | | 24,849 | | | | 11,763 | |
Other expenses (income): | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Interest expense | | | 1,202 | | | | 955 | | | | 3,928 | | | | 2,443 | |
Other, net | | | 24 | | | | (1 | ) | | | 23 | | | | 9 | |
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Total other expenses, net | | | 1,226 | | | | 954 | | | | 3,951 | | | | 2,452 | |
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Income before income taxes | | | 7,617 | | | | 4,090 | | | | 20,898 | | | | 9,311 | |
Income tax expense | | | 3,396 | | | | 2,041 | | | | 9,608 | | | | 4,926 | |
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Net income | | $ | 4,221 | | | $ | 2,049 | | | $ | 11,290 | | | $ | 4,385 | |
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Per share information: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Average shares outstanding (Basic) | | | 10,270 | | | | 9,237 | | | | 9,603 | | | | 9,280 | |
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Basic earnings per share | | $ | 0.41 | | | $ | 0.22 | | | $ | 1.18 | | | $ | 0.47 | |
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Average shares outstanding (Diluted) | | | 10,590 | | | | 9,396 | | | | 9,899 | | | | 9,388 | |
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Diluted earnings per share | | $ | 0.40 | | | $ | 0.22 | | | $ | 1.14 | | | $ | 0.47 | |
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See notes to consolidated financial statements.
Page 4
USA TRUCK, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
(UNAUDITED)
(in thousands)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Common Stock
| | Additional Paid-in Capital
| | Retained Earnings
| | Treasury Stock
| | | Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income/(Loss)
| | | Unearned Compensation
| | | Total
| |
| | Shares
| | Par Value
| | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | |
Balance at December 31, 2004 | | 9,341 | | $ | 93 | | $ | 13,211 | | $ | 73,411 | | $ | (84 | ) | | $ | 8 | | | $ | (1,111 | ) | | $ | 85,528 | |
| | | | | | | | |
Exercise of stock options | | 39 | | | 1 | | | 253 | | | — | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 254 | |
Sale of treasury stock to employee stock purchase plan | | — | | | — | | | 44 | | | — | | | 55 | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 99 | |
Excess tax benefit of restricted stock | | — | | | — | | | 24 | | | — | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 24 | |
Stock option expense | | — | | | — | | | 9 | | | — | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 9 | |
Adjustments to unearned compensation | | — | | | — | | | 653 | | | — | | | — | | | | — | | | | (653 | ) | | | — | |
Amortization of unearned compensation | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | | — | | | | 667 | | | | 667 | |
Issuance of additional shares of Common Stock, net | | 2,000 | | | 20 | | | 47,307 | | | — | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 47,327 | |
Net income for 2005 | | — | | | — | | | — | | | 11,290 | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 11,290 | |
Change in fair value of interest rate swap, net of taxes of $(5) | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | | (8 | ) | | | — | | | | (8 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
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Total comprehensive income | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 11,282 | |
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Balance at September 30, 2005 | | 11,380 | | $ | 114 | | $ | 61,501 | | $ | 84,701 | | $ | (29 | ) | | $ | — | | | $ | (1,097 | ) | | $ | 145,190 | |
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See notes to consolidated financial statements.
Page 5
USA TRUCK, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(UNAUDITED)
(in thousands)
| | | | | | | | |
| | Nine Months Ended September 30,
| |
| | 2005
| | | 2004
| |
Operating activities | | | | | | | | |
Net income | | $ | 11,290 | | | $ | 4,385 | |
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities: | | | | | | | | |
Depreciation and amortization | | | 30,788 | | | | 26,544 | |
Provision for doubtful accounts | | | 84 | | | | (127 | ) |
Deferred income taxes | | | 2,661 | | | | (14 | ) |
Amortization of unearned compensation | �� | | 667 | | | | 291 | |
Excess tax benefit from restricted stock | | | 24 | | | | — | |
Stock compensation expense | | | 9 | | | | — | |
Gain on disposal of property and equipment | | | (900 | ) | | | (788 | ) |
Changes in operating assets and liabilities: | | | | | | | | |
Accounts receivable | | | (6,488 | ) | | | (11,444 | ) |
Inventories, prepaid expenses and other current assets | | | 1,405 | | | | 888 | |
Bank drafts payable, trade accounts payable and accrued expenses | | | 7,858 | | | | 1,635 | |
Insurance and claims accruals | | | (516 | ) | | | 315 | |
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Net cash provided by operating activities | | | 46,882 | | | | 21,685 | |
| | |
Investing activities | | | | | | | | |
Purchases of property and equipment | | | (44,684 | ) | | | (53,738 | ) |
Proceeds from sale of property and equipment | | | 19,369 | | | | 17,256 | |
Change in other assets | | | (13 | ) | | | 61 | |
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Net cash used in investing activities | | | (25,328 | ) | | | (36,421 | ) |
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Financing activities | | | | | | | | |
Borrowings under long-term debt | | | 138,700 | | | | 140,479 | |
Principal payments on long-term debt | | | (183,243 | ) | | | (115,879 | ) |
Principal payments on capitalized lease obligations | | | (18,892 | ) | | | (9,783 | ) |
Principal payments on note payable | | | (3,084 | ) | | | — | |
Proceeds from sale of treasury stock | | | 99 | | | | — | |
Proceeds from issuance of common stock, net | | | 47,327 | | | | — | |
Proceeds from exercise of stock options | | | 254 | | | | 29 | |
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Net cash (used in) provided by financing activities | | | (18,839 | ) | | | 14,846 | |
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Increase in cash and cash equivalents | | | 2,715 | | | | 110 | |
Cash and cash equivalents: | | | | | | | | |
Beginning of period | | | 1,189 | | | | 1,323 | |
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End of period | | $ | 3,904 | | | $ | 1,433 | |
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Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information: | | | | | | | | |
Cash paid during the period for: | | | | | | | | |
Interest | | $ | 4,382 | | | $ | 2,077 | |
Income taxes | | | 3,669 | | | | 4,405 | |
Supplemental disclosure of non-cash investing activities: | | | | | | | | |
Liability incurred for leases on revenue equipment | | | 24,594 | | | | 19,490 | |
See notes to consolidated financial statements.
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USA TRUCK, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)
September 30, 2005
Forward-Looking Statements
This report contains forward-looking statements and information that are based on our current beliefs and expectations and assumptions we have made based upon information currently available. Forward-looking statements include statements relating to our plans, strategies, objectives, expectations, intentions and adequacy of resources, and may be identified by words such as “will,” “could,” “should,” “may,” “believe,” “expect,” “intend,” “plan,” “schedule,” “estimate,” “project” and similar expressions. These statements are based on current expectations and are subject to uncertainty and change. Although we believe that the expectations reflected in such forward-looking statements are reasonable, we cannot assure you that such expectations will be realized. If one or more of the risks or uncertainties underlying such expectations materialize, or if underlying assumptions prove incorrect, actual results may vary materially from those expected. Among other things, we cannot assure you that we will be able to: maintain the strong tractor utilization rates and revenue per mile discussed in this report; continue to improve or control operations and maintenance expenses, insurance and claims costs or other expenses; or, continue to manage our fuel surcharge program as effectively as we did in the period covered by this report. Among the key factors that are not within our control and that have a direct bearing on operating results are increases in fuel prices, adverse weather conditions, increased regulatory burdens and the impact of increased rate competition. Our results have also been, and will continue to be, significantly affected by fluctuations in general economic conditions, as our tractor utilization is directly related to business levels of customers in a variety of industries. In addition, shortages of qualified drivers and intense or increased competition for drivers have adversely impacted our operating results and our ability to grow and will continue to do so. Results for any specific period could also be affected by various unforeseen events, such as unusual levels of equipment failure or vehicle accident claims. Additional risks associated with our operations are discussed in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2004, under the heading “Risk Factors” in Item 1 of that report.
All forward-looking statements attributable to us, or persons acting on our behalf, are expressly qualified in their entirety by this cautionary statement.
We undertake no obligation to publicly update or revise any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise. In light of these risks and uncertainties, the forward-looking events and circumstances discussed in this report might not occur.
References to the “Company,” “we,” “us,” “our” and words of similar import refer to USA Truck, Inc. and its subsidiary.
NOTE A – BASIS OF PRESENTATION
The accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States for interim financial information. Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and footnotes required by generally accepted accounting principles for complete financial statements. In the opinion of management, all adjustments (consisting of normal recurring adjustments) considered necessary for a fair presentation have been included. Operating results for the three-month and nine-month periods ended September 30, 2005, are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the year ending December 31, 2005. For further information, refer to the financial statements and footnotes thereto included in the Annual Report on Form 10-K of USA Truck, Inc. (the “Company”) for the year ended December 31, 2004.
By agreement with our customers, and consistent with industry practice, we add a graduated fuel surcharge to the rates we charge our customers as diesel fuel prices increase above an industry-standard baseline price per gallon. Base revenue in the consolidated statements of income represents revenue excluding this fuel surcharge revenue.
NOTE B – SALE OF COMMON STOCK
On August 17, 2005, we issued and sold in an underwritten public offering 2,000,000 shares of Common Stock in exchange for proceeds of $47.5 million, after deducting underwriting discounts and commissions. In addition to the shares sold by us in this public offering, certain officers and directors sold 1,225,000 shares of Common Stock. Additional costs associated with this offering, which reduced the proceeds received by us, were approximately $0.2 million.
The offering generated net proceeds to the Company of approximately $47.3 million. The proceeds were used to repay outstanding borrowings under our senior credit facility.
NOTE C – STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION
Stock-based compensation to employees is accounted for based on the intrinsic value method under Accounting Principles Board Opinion No. 25, Accounting for Stock Issued to Employees (“APB 25”). Under APB 25, if the exercise price of employee stock options equals the market price of the underlying stock on the grant date, no compensation expense is recorded. We adopted the disclosure-only provisions of Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 123,Accounting for Stock-Based Compensation (“SFAS 123”).
For companies accounting for their stock-based compensation under the APB 25 intrinsic value method, pro forma information regarding net income and earnings per share is required and is determined as if we had accounted for our employee stock option plans under the fair value method of SFAS 123. The fair value for
Page 7
these options is estimated at the date of grant, using a Black-Scholes option-pricing model. Our pro forma assumptions are as follows:
| | | | | | |
| | 2005
| | | 2004
| |
Dividend yield | | 0 | % | | 0 | % |
Expected volatility | | 0.286%—0.310 | % | | 0.258—0.261 | % |
Risk-free interest rates | | 3.28%—4.71 | % | | 2.53—4.44 | % |
Expected lives (years) | | 2 – 9 | | | 3 – 7 | |
For purposes of pro forma disclosures, the estimated fair value of the options is amortized to expense over the options’ vesting periods.
Stock-based compensation includes amortization of the unearned compensation related to the restricted stock awards (See Note M). Additionally, $9,000 related to the acceleration of the vesting of certain stock options is included in stock-based compensation for the nine months ended September 30, 2005. Had compensation cost for our stock option plan been determined based on the fair value at the grant date consistent with the provisions of SFAS 123, our pro forma net income would have been as follows:
(in thousands, except per share amounts)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Three Months Ended September 30,
| | | Nine Months Ended September 30,
| |
| | 2005
| | | 2004
| | | 2005
| | | 2004
| |
Net income, as reported | | $ | 4,221 | | | $ | 2,049 | | | $ | 11,290 | | | $ | 4,385 | |
Stock-based compensation expense included in the Consolidated Statements of Income, net of tax | | | 112 | | | | 174 | | | | 408 | | | | 176 | |
Pro forma expense for all awards, net of tax | | | (184 | ) | | | (241 | ) | | | (625 | ) | | | (295 | ) |
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Pro forma net income | | $ | 4,149 | | | $ | 1,982 | | | $ | 11,073 | | | $ | 4,266 | |
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Pro forma basic earnings per share | | $ | 0.40 | | | $ | 0.21 | | | $ | 1.15 | | | $ | 0.46 | |
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Pro forma diluted earnings per share | | $ | 0.39 | | | $ | 0.21 | | | $ | 1.12 | | | $ | 0.45 | |
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Basic earnings per share, as reported | | $ | 0.41 | | | $ | 0.22 | | | $ | 1.18 | | | $ | 0.47 | |
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Diluted earnings per share, as reported | | $ | 0.40 | | | $ | 0.22 | | | $ | 1.14 | | | $ | 0.47 | |
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NOTE D – NEW ACCOUNTING PRONOUNCEMENTS
In December 2004, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 153,Exchanges of Nonmonetary Assets, an Amendment of APB Opinion No. 29(“SFAS 153”). SFAS 153 is based on the principle that exchanges of nonmonetary assets should be measured based on the fair value of the assets exchanged. This statement is effective for our nonmonetary asset exchanges occurring in fiscal periods beginning after June 15, 2005. SFAS 153 is not expected to have a material impact upon our financial statements or related disclosures.
In December 2004, the FASB issued Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 123 (revised 2004),Share-Based Payment(“SFAS 123R”),which is a revision of Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 123,Accounting for Stock-Based Compensation.SFAS 123R supersedes APB Opinion No. 25,Accounting for Stock Issued to Employees, and amends Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 95, Statement of Cash Flows.SFAS 123R requires all share-based payments to employees, including grants of employee stock options, to be recognized in the income statement based upon the fair value at grant date. SFAS 123R is effective for us on January 1, 2006.
We will adopt SFAS 123R using the modified-prospective-transition method. Under this method, we will be required to recognize compensation cost for share-based payments to our employees based on their grant-date fair value from the beginning of the fiscal period in which the recognition provisions are first applied. Measurement and attribution of compensation cost for awards that were granted prior to, but not vested as of the date SFAS 123R becomes effective will be based on the same estimate of the grant-date fair value used previously under SFAS 123 for pro forma disclosure purposes. For those awards that are granted, modified or settled after SFAS 123R becomes effective, compensation cost will be measured and recognized in the financial statements in accordance with the provisions of SFAS 123R. For periods prior to the effective date, the financial statements will remain unchanged.
Based on the options currently outstanding, the estimated impact of SFAS 123R, after the effective date, would be recognition of approximately $0.3 million in compensation expense, net of tax benefits, during 2006.
NOTE E – DERIVATIVE FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS
We record derivative financial instruments in the balance sheet as either an asset or liability at fair value, with classification as current or long-term depending on the duration of the instrument.
Changes in the derivative instrument’s fair value must be recognized currently in earnings unless specific hedge accounting criteria are met. For cash flow hedges that meet the criteria, the derivative instrument’s gains and losses, to the extent effective, are recognized in accumulated other comprehensive income and reclassified into earnings in the same period during which the hedged transaction affects earnings.
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On March 27, 2003, we entered into an interest rate swap agreement with a notional amount of $10.0 million. We designated the $10.0 million interest rate swap as a cash flow hedge of our exposure to variability in future cash flow resulting from the interest payments indexed to the “3-month” LIBOR. This interest rate swap agreement terminated on March 27, 2005.
NOTE F – COMPREHENSIVE INCOME
Comprehensive income was comprised of net income plus the market value adjustment on our interest rate swap that expired on March 27, 2005, which was designated as a cash flow hedge. Comprehensive income consisted of the following components:
(in thousands)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Three Months Ended September 30,
| | Nine Months Ended September 30,
|
| | 2005
| | 2004
| | 2005
| | | 2004
|
Net income | | $ | 4,221 | | $ | 2,049 | | $ | 11,290 | | | $ | 4,385 |
Change in fair value of interest rate swap, net of income taxes | | | — | | | — | | | (8 | ) | | | 27 |
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Total comprehensive income | | $ | 4,221 | | $ | 2,049 | | $ | 11,282 | | | $ | 4,412 |
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|
NOTE G - ACCRUED EXPENSES
Accrued expenses consist of the following:
(in thousands)
| | | | | | |
| | September 30, 2005
| | December 31, 2004
|
Salaries, wages, bonuses and employee benefits | | $ | 5,340 | | $ | 3,277 |
Income tax payable | | | 2,374 | | | — |
Other (1) | | | 6,838 | | | 5,406 |
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| |
|
|
Total accrued expenses | | $ | 14,552 | | $ | 8,683 |
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|
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(1) | As of September 30, 2005 and December 31, 2004 no single item included within other accrued expenses exceeded 5% of our total current liabilities. |
NOTE H – NOTE PAYABLE
At December 31, 2004, we had an unsecured note payable of $3.1 million that matured on September 1, 2005 and bore interest at an annual rate of 2.52%.
NOTE I – LONG-TERM DEBT
Long-term debt consists of the following:
(in thousands)
| | | | | | |
| | September 30, 2005
| | December 31, 2004
|
Borrowings under credit agreement | | | 19,000 | | | 63,543 |
Capital leases | | | 79,517 | | | 73,815 |
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| |
|
|
Total debt | | $ | 98,517 | | $ | 137,358 |
Less current maturities | | $ | 21,487 | | $ | 22,244 |
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Long-term debt, less current maturities | | $ | 77,030 | | $ | 115,114 |
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On September 1, 2005, we entered into an amended and restated senior credit facility, which restates in its entirety and makes certain amendments to our facility dated as of April 28, 2000, as previously amended through March 10, 2005. The facility was amended to, among other things, increase the maximum borrowing amount to $100.0 million, subject to a borrowing base calculation. The facility includes a sublimit of up to $25.0 million for letters of credit and matures September 1, 2010.
The facility bears variable interest based on the agent bank’s prime rate, the federal funds rate plus a certain percentage or the London Interbank Offered Rate (commonly referred to as “LIBOR”) plus a certain percentage, which is determined based on our attainment of certain financial ratios. As of September 30, 2005, the effective interest rate was 5.2%. A quarterly commitment fee is payable on the unused credit line at a rate which is determined based on our attainment of certain financial ratios. The facility contains various covenants, which require us to meet certain quarterly financial ratios. As of September 30, 2005, we were in compliance with the covenants.
The facility is collateralized by accounts receivable and certain revenue equipment. The facility provides an accordion feature allowing us to increase the maximum borrowing amount by up to an additional $75.0 million in the aggregate, subject to certain conditions. The maximum borrowing amount may not exceed $175.0 million without the consent of the lenders.
As of September 30, 2005 and December 31, 2004, we had approximately $19.0 million and $63.5 million, respectively, outstanding pursuant to our facility. During August 2005, net proceeds from our public offering of Common Stock, described in Note B, of approximately $47.3 million were used to reduce the balance outstanding under this facility.
At September 30, 2005, approximately $79.3 million remained available for additional borrowings under the facility. At September 30, 2005 and December 31, 2004, capitalized lease obligations totaling $79.5 million and $73.8 million, respectively, were outstanding. These lease obligations extend through 2009.
NOTE J – COMMITMENTS
We routinely monitor our equipment acquisition needs and adjust our purchase schedule from time to time based on our analysis of factors such as freight demand and the availability of drivers.
As of September 30, 2005, we had commitments for purchases of revenue equipment in the aggregate amount of approximately $14.2 million for the remainder of 2005 and $114.4 million in 2006. We may cancel any or all of our equipment purchase commitments by giving notice to the applicable vendor at least 75 days before the scheduled delivery date.
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As of September 30, 2005, we expected to spend $0.2 million to complete facility expansions.
NOTE K – INCOME TAXES
During the quarters ended September 30, 2005 and 2004, our effective tax rates were 44.6% and 49.9%, respectively. During the nine months ended September 30, 2005 and 2004, our effective tax rates were 46.0% and 52.9%, respectively. Income tax expense varies from the amount computed by applying the federal tax rate of 35% to income before income taxes primarily due to state income taxes, net of federal income tax effect, adjusted for permanent differences, the most significant of which is the effect of the per diem pay structure for drivers. Drivers may elect to receive non-taxable per diem pay in lieu of a portion of their taxable wages. This per diem program increases our drivers’ net pay per mile, after taxes, while decreasing gross pay, before taxes. As a result, salaries, wages and employee benefits are slightly lower, and our effective income tax rate is higher than the statutory rate. As pre-tax income increases, the impact of the driver per diem program on effective tax rate decreases because aggregate per diem pay becomes smaller in relation to pretax income. Due to the partially nondeductible effect of per diem, our tax rate will fluctuate in future periods based on fluctuations in earnings and in the number of drivers who elect to receive this pay structure.
NOTE L – EARNINGS PER SHARE
Basic earnings per share is computed based on the weighted average number of shares of Common Stock outstanding during the year. Diluted earnings per share is computed by adjusting the weighted average shares outstanding by Common Stock equivalents attributable to dilutive stock options and restricted stock.
The following table sets forth the computation of basic and diluted earnings per share:
(in thousands, except per share amounts)
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Three Months Ended September 30,
| | Nine Months Ended September 30,
|
| | 2005
| | 2004
| | 2005
| | 2004
|
Numerator: | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net Income | | $ | 4,221 | | $ | 2,049 | | $ | 11,290 | | $ | 4,385 |
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|
Denominator: | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | |
Denominator for basic earnings per share – weighted average shares | | | 10,270 | | | 9,237 | | | 9,603 | | | 9,280 |
| | | | |
Effect of dilutive securities: | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Restricted Stock Award Plan | | | 80 | | | 100 | | | 85 | | | 54 |
Employee stock options | | | 240 | | | 59 | | | 211 | | | 54 |
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| |
|
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| | | 320 | | | 159 | | | 296 | | | 108 |
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|
Denominator for diluted earnings per share – adjusted weighted average shares and assumed conversions | | | 10,590 | | | 9,396 | | | 9,899 | | | 9,388 |
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Basic earnings per share | | $ | 0.41 | | $ | 0.22 | | $ | 1.18 | | $ | 0.47 |
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Diluted earnings per share | | $ | 0.40 | | $ | 0.22 | | $ | 1.14 | | $ | 0.47 |
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Anti-dilutive employee stock options | | | — | | | 107 | | | — | | | 107 |
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NOTE M – RESTRICTED STOCK AWARD PLAN
At September 30, 2005, we had a restricted stock award plan, approved by our stockholders, under which we may issue up to 150,000 shares to certain officers. Awards under the plan vest over a period of not less than five years. Vesting of awards is also subject to the achievement of certain performance goals as set from time to time by the Compensation Committee. Our CEO contributed 100,000 shares to the plan. The contributed shares were recognized as contributed paid-in capital. The fair market value of the 100,000 shares of Common Stock awarded under the plan in August 2003 is being amortized over the five-year vesting period as compensation expense based on management’s assessment that achievement of certain performance goals is probable. The fair market value of the unvested shares granted under the plan is reflected as unearned compensation in stockholders’ equity. The amount of compensation expense will be adjusted on a quarterly basis based on changes in the market value of our Common Stock up to the date the performance criteria are met. To the extent the performance goals are not achieved and there is not full vesting in the shares awarded, the compensation expense recognized on the non-vested and forfeited shares will be reversed. During the quarters ended September 30, 2005 and 2004, we recognized $0.2 million and $0.2 million, respectively, of compensation expense related to the plan. During the nine months ended September 30, 2005 and 2004, we recognized $0.7 million and $0.3 million, respectively, of compensation expense related to the plan.
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NOTE N – LITIGATION
We are party to routine litigation incidental to our business, primarily involving claims for personal injury and property damage incurred in the transportation of freight. We maintain insurance covering liabilities in excess of certain self-insured retention levels. Though management believes these claims to be routine and immaterial to our long-term financial position, adverse results of one or more of these claims could have a material adverse effect on our financial position or results of operations in any given reporting period.
NOTE O – SEGMENT INFORMATION
We have one reportable segment consisting of three operating divisions: General Freight, Regional Freight and USA Logistics. We aggregate the financial data for those divisions because they have similar economic characteristics and meet the other aggregation criteria of FASB Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 131, Disclosures About Segments of an Enterprise and Related Information.
ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
The following discussion should be read in conjunction with our consolidated financial statements and notes thereto and other financial information that appears elsewhere in this report.
Overview
We operate in the for hire truckload segment of the trucking industry. Customers in a variety of industries engage us to haul truckload quantities of freight, with the trailer we use to haul that freight being assigned exclusively to that customer’s freight until delivery. We generally charge customers for these services on a per-mile basis. We have three operating divisions through which we provide these services, and we aggregate the financial data for those divisions for purposes of our public reporting. We refer to our three operating divisions as General Freight, Regional Freight and USA Logistics.
General Freight. Our General Freight division provides truckload freight services as a medium-haul common carrier. In the truckload industry, companies whose average length of haul is more than 800 miles but less than 1,200 miles are often referred to as medium-haul carriers. Our average length of haul has been within that range throughout our history. We have provided General Freight services since our inception, and we derive the largest portion of our revenues from these services.
Regional Freight. Our Regional Freight division provides truckload freight services that involve a length of haul that is approximately 500 miles. Beginning in 2004, in order to aid in driver recruitment and retention and to participate in the largest segment within the truckload market, we began to accept shipments that originate and terminate within a smaller geographic area. Currently, we conduct regional freight operations in the areas around our facilities located in Van Buren, Arkansas and Butler Township, Ohio.
USA Logistics. Our USA Logistics division provides three services to our customers, as follows:
| • | | Dedicated freight. Dedicated Freight services are a variation of our General Freight services, whereby we agree to make our equipment and drivers available to a specific customer for shipments over particular routes at specified times. In addition to serving specific customer needs, our dedicated freight services aid in driver recruitment and retention. |
| • | | Third party logistics. We provide a variety of freight handling services for our customers, including arranging for the transportation of freight. |
| • | | Freight brokerage. We match a customer’s shipments with available equipment of other carriers, when it is not feasible to use our own equipment. |
We provide third party logistics and freight brokerage services as a complement to our truckload freight services. We provide these services primarily to our existing customers, many of whom prefer to rely on a single carrier, or a small group of carriers, to provide all of their transportation needs. To date, a significant majority of our third party logistics and freight brokerage customers have also engaged us to provide truckload freight services.
Critical Accounting Policies
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the financial statements and accompanying notes. Actual results could differ from those estimates.
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The most significant accounting policies and estimates that affect our financial statements include the following:
| • | | Revenue recognition is based on relative transit time in each period and direct expenses are recognized as incurred. The total revenue that we record upon dispatch is recognized in one or more reporting periods based on the estimated percentage of the delivery service, utilizing a bill-by-bill analysis, that has been completed at the end of the reporting period. |
| • | | Selections of estimated useful lives and salvage values for purposes of depreciating tractors and trailers. We operate a significant number of tractors and trailers in connection with our business. We may purchase this equipment or acquire it under capital leases. We depreciate purchased equipment on the straight-line method over the estimated useful life down to an estimated salvage or trade-in value. We initially record equipment acquired under capital leases at the net present value of the minimum lease payments and amortize it on the straight-line method over the lease term. Depreciable lives of tractors and trailers range from three years to ten years. We estimate the salvage value at the expected date of trade-in or sale based on the expected market values of equipment at the time of disposal. We routinely monitor used tractor and trailer values and adjust depreciable lives, depreciation expense and salvage values of our tractors and trailers as necessary to keep their values in line with expected market values at the time of disposal. |
| • | | Estimates of accrued liabilities for claims involving bodily injury, physical damage losses, employee health benefits and workers’ compensation. We record both current and long-term claims accruals at the estimated ultimate payment amounts based on individual case estimates. The current portion reflects the amounts of claims expected to be paid in the next twelve months. In making the estimates we rely on our experience with similar claims, negative or positive developments in the case and similar factors. We do not discount our claims liabilities. |
| • | | Allowance for doubtful accounts. We extend credit to our customers in the normal course of business. We perform ongoing credit evaluations and generally do not require collateral. We maintain reserves for potential credit losses based upon our loss history, aging analysis and ongoing risk assessment of specific customers. Such losses have been within our expectations. Accounts receivable are comprised of a diversified customer base that results in a lack of concentration of credit risk. |
| • | | Stock-based compensation. We account for stock-based compensation to employees based on the intrinsic value method under Accounting Principles Board Opinion No. 25, Accounting for Stock Issued to Employees (“APB 25”). Under APB 25, if the exercise price of employee stock options equals the market price of the underlying stock on the grant date, no compensation expense is recorded. We have adopted the disclosure-only provisions of FASB Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 123, Accounting for Stock-Based Compensation (“SFAS 123”). This policy will change in January 2006 with the implementation of SFAS 123R, as discussed in Note D – New Accounting Pronouncements. |
We periodically re-evaluate these policies as circumstances change. Together with the effects of the matters discussed above, these factors may significantly impact our consolidated results of operations, financial position and cash flow from period to period.
Results of Operations
Note Regarding Presentation
By agreement with our customers, and consistent with industry practice, we add a graduated fuel surcharge to the rates we charge our customers as diesel fuel prices increase above an industry-standard baseline price per gallon. The surcharge is designed to approximately offset increases in fuel costs above the baseline. Fuel prices are volatile, and the fuel surcharge therefore increases our revenue at different rates for each period. We believe that comparing operating costs and expenses to total revenue, including the fuel surcharge, could provide a distorted comparison of our operating performance, particularly when comparing results for current and prior periods. Therefore, we have used base revenue, which excludes fuel surcharge revenue, and, instead, taken the fuel surcharge revenue as a credit against the fuel and fuel taxes line item in the table below. We believe that this presentation is a more meaningful measure of our operating performance than a presentation comparing operating costs and expenses to total revenue, including the fuel surcharge revenue.
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We do not believe that a reconciliation of the information presented on this basis and corresponding information comparing operating costs and expenses to total revenue would be meaningful. Data regarding both total revenue, which includes the fuel surcharge, and base revenue, which excludes the fuel surcharge, is included in the consolidated statements of income included in this report.
Our third party logistics and freight brokerage services do not typically involve the use of our tractors and trailers. Therefore, an increase in these revenues tends to cause expenses related to our operations that do involve our equipment—including depreciation and amortization expense, operations and maintenance expense, salaries, wages and employee benefits and insurance and claims expense—to decrease as a percentage of base revenue, and a decrease in these revenues tends to cause those expenses to increase as a percentage of base revenue. Since changes in third party logistics and freight brokerage revenues generally affect all such expenses, as a percentage of base revenue, we do not specifically mention it as a factor in our discussion of increases or decreases in those expenses in the period-to-period comparisons below.
The following period-to-period comparisons should be read in conjunction with the following table and the consolidated statements of income.
The following table sets forth the percentage relationship of certain items to base revenue for the periods indicated:
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Three Months Ended September 30,
| | | Nine Months Ended September 30,
| |
| | 2005
| | | 2004
| | | 2005
| | | 2004
| |
Base revenue | | 100.0 | % | | 100.0 | % | | 100.0 | % | | 100.0 | % |
Operating expenses and costs: | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Salaries, wages and employee benefits | | 38.0 | | | 38.0 | | | 37.9 | | | 37.6 | |
Fuel and fuel taxes (1) | | 15.6 | | | 16.4 | | | 15.8 | | | 16.5 | |
Depreciation and amortization | | 11.1 | | | 10.9 | | | 11.0 | | | 10.6 | |
Purchased transportation | | 6.8 | | | 8.9 | | | 6.8 | | | 8.8 | |
Insurance and claims | | 6.1 | | | 6.6 | | | 6.5 | | | 7.5 | |
Operations and maintenance | | 5.5 | | | 6.9 | | | 5.7 | | | 7.7 | |
Operating taxes and licenses | | 1.6 | | | 1.7 | | | 1.7 | | | 1.7 | |
Communications and utilities | | 0.9 | | | 1.0 | | | 0.8 | | | 0.9 | |
Gain on disposal of revenue equipment, net | | (0.2 | ) | | (0.8 | ) | | (0.3 | ) | | (0.3 | ) |
Other | | 5.3 | | | 4.5 | | | 5.2 | | | 4.3 | |
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Total operating expenses | | 90.7 | | | 94.1 | | | 91.1 | | | 95.3 | |
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Operating income | | 9.3 | | | 5.9 | | | 8.9 | | | 4.7 | |
Other expenses: | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Interest expense | | 1.3 | | | 1.1 | | | 1.4 | | | 1.0 | |
Other, net | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | |
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Total other expenses, net | | 1.3 | | | 1.1 | | | 1.4 | | | 1.0 | |
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Income before income taxes | | 8.0 | | | 4.8 | | | 7.5 | | | 3.7 | |
Income tax expense | | 3.6 | | | 2.4 | | | 3.5 | | | 2.0 | |
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Net income | | 4.4 | % | | 2.4 | % | | 4.0 | % | | 1.7 | % |
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(1) | Net of fuel surcharge revenue |
Executive Overview
Demand for freight services improved throughout the quarter from an inconsistent level in July to a very robust environment in September. We were able to capitalize on the latter to improve miles per tractor per week by 2.6% and achieve a 2.5% increase in base freight rates for our services. These improvements allowed us to grow our base revenue nearly 12% during the quarter on just a 6.4% increase in our fleet size. Base revenue per mile for our traditional freight operations in which we used our own tractors increased by 4.2%.
We are continuing to see success with our benchmarking program, through which we identify opportunities to improve our operating ratio to meet our 88% target. Under this program, we have worked very hard to improve miles per tractor per week, fleet maintenance expense and insurance and claims expense over the past several quarters. All three of these factors contributed to this quarter’s 90.7% operating ratio, which was 3.4% of base revenue better than the comparative quarter.
Our General Freight division, which represented 79% of this quarter’s base revenue, produced a sub-90% operating ratio during the quarter. We are working hard to not only drive General Freight’s operating ratio down even further, but also to improve the margins in our USA Logistics and Regional Freight divisions. While those two divisions were profitable during the quarter, they still offer significant opportunities for margin improvement as we focus more attention and resources on them in the coming quarters.
We continue to face high oil prices and the tightening supply of qualified drivers. We believe that we have programs in place to manage both of these challenges, but the programs are expensive and will require a great deal of management focus and discipline.
We are pleased with the consistency of our results in recent quarters, and we look forward to further executing our benchmarking initiatives in the quarters to come.
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Key Operating Statistics:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Three Months Ended September 30,
| | | Nine Months Ended September 30,
| |
| | 2005
| | | 2004
| | | 2005
| | | 2004
| |
Total miles (loaded and empty)(in thousands) | | | 71,598 | | | | 65,586 | | | | 212,646 | | | | 193,863 | |
Empty mile factor (1) | | | 8.7 | % | | | 8.3 | % | | | 8.7 | % | | | 8.3 | % |
Base revenue per total mile | | $ | 1.335 | | | $ | 1.302 | | | $ | 1.315 | | | $ | 1.293 | |
Average number of tractors | | | 2,371 | | | | 2,228 | | | | 2,320 | | | | 2,169 | |
Average miles per tractor per week | | | 2,359 | | | | 2,300 | | | | 2,412 | | | | 2,340 | |
Average unmanned tractor percentage (2) | | | 5.1 | % | | | 3.8 | % | | | 3.7 | % | | | 5.0 | % |
(1) | The empty mile factor is the number of miles traveled between loads as a percentage of total miles traveled. |
(2) | Average unmanned tractor percentage is the average percentage, for each month end during the period, of company-operated tractors to which a driver is not assigned. |
Three Months Ended September 30, 2005 Compared to Three Months Ended September 30, 2004
Base revenue increased 11.9% from $85.4 million for the three months ended September 30, 2004 to $95.5 million for the three months ended September 30, 2005. The increase in base revenue was fueled by a 2.5% increase in base revenue per total mile, a 6.4% expansion in the average number of tractors operated from 2,228 (including 42 owner-operators) to 2,371 (including 16 owner-operators) and a 2.6% increase in our average miles per tractor per week. These factors were partially offset by a decline in base revenue generated by our third party logistics services. Increases in base revenue per total mile tend to reduce expenses as a percentage of base revenue, and vice versa. Thus, the increase in base revenue per total mile in the first three months of 2005 had a favorable impact on each of the expense categories discussed in the following paragraphs.
The decrease in fuel and fuel taxes, net of fuel surcharge, as a percentage of base revenue, was mainly due to an increase in the portion of fuel price increases that we were able to recover from our customers in the form of fuel surcharges. This together with the increase in average revenue per mile offset a decrease of 2.6% in our fleet’s fuel efficiency.
The decrease in insurance and claims expense, as a percentage of base revenue, was mainly due to a decrease in expenses associated with bodily injury and property damage claims and a reduction in expenses associated with cargo damaged in transit. These factors were partially offset by an increase in premiums paid for insurance coverage.
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The decrease in purchased transportation expense, as a percentage of base revenue, was primarily due to a decrease in third party logistics revenue which resulted in a decrease in the amounts we paid to other trucking companies and, to a lesser extent, a decrease in the number of owner-operators. Owner-operators are independent contractors who provide their own tractors (including tractor maintenance), fuel and most insurance and drive for us on a contract basis for a fixed rate per mile that is higher than we pay to our drivers, who are not directly responsible for these expenses. Purchased transportation is comprised of owner-operator fees and amounts we pay to other trucking companies that we engage in connection with our third party logistics services, freight brokerage services and operations in Mexico.
The decrease in operations and maintenance expense, as a percentage of base revenue, was mainly due to the reduced cost of repairs on our fleet and, to a lesser extent, reduced average age of our tractor fleet from 19 months as of September 30, 2004 to 17 months as of September 30, 2005 and of our trailer fleet from 48 months to 39 months on those same dates.
The increase in other expense, as a percentage of base revenue, was largely due to an increase in the amount spent on driver recruiting and the costs associated with auditing and legal services related to compliance with federal regulations. Other operating expenses consist of advertising, driver recruiting and other administrative costs.
The increase in interest expense, as a percentage of base revenue, was primarily due to an increase in the interest rates related to our outstanding debt.
Our effective tax rate decreased from 49.9% to 44.6%. Income tax expense varies from the amount computed by applying the federal tax rate of 35% to income before income taxes primarily due to state income taxes, net of federal income tax effect, adjusted for permanent differences, the most significant of which is the effect of the per diem pay structure for drivers. Drivers may elect to receive non-taxable per diem pay in lieu of a portion of their taxable wages. This per diem program increases our drivers’ net pay per mile, after taxes, while decreasing gross pay, before taxes. As a result, salaries, wages and employee benefits are slightly lower, and our effective income tax rate is higher than the statutory rate. As pre-tax income increases, the impact of the driver per diem program on the effective tax rate decreases because aggregate per diem pay becomes smaller in relation to pretax income. Due to the partially nondeductible effect of per diem, our tax rate will fluctuate in future periods based on fluctuations in earnings and in the number of drivers who elect to receive this pay structure.
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2005 Compared to Nine Months Ended September 30, 2004
Base revenue increased 11.5% from $250.7 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2004 to $279.5 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2005. The increase in base revenue was fueled by a 1.7% increase in base revenue per total mile increased, a 7.0% expansion in the average number of tractors operated from 2,169 (including 43 owner-operators) to 2,320 (including 27 owner-operators) and a 3.1% increase in our average miles per tractor per week resulted in our record base revenue. These factors were partially offset by a decline in base revenue generated by our third party logistics services. Increases in base revenue per total mile tend to reduce expenses as a percentage of base revenue, and vice versa. Thus, the increase in base revenue per total mile in the first nine months of 2005 had a favorable impact on each of the expense categories discussed in the following paragraphs.
The decrease in fuel and fuel taxes, as a percentage of base revenue, was mainly due to an increase in the portion of fuel price increases that we were able to recover from our customers in the form of fuel surcharges. This together with the increase in average revenue per mile offset a slight decrease in our fleet’s fuel efficiency.
The increase in depreciation and amortization expense, as a percentage of base revenue, was largely due to the higher costs of new tractors and an increase in the size of our trailer fleet resulting from our accelerated purchasing schedule during 2004, which we implemented to take advantage of favorable pricing. Our ratio of Company-operated trailers to tractors reached a peak of 2.60-to-1 at the end of December 2004 and has been steadily declining since that time. At September 30, 2005 the trailer to tractor ratio was 2.38-to-1.
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The decrease in insurance and claims expense, as a percentage of base revenue, was mainly due to a decrease in expenses associated with bodily injury and property damage claims and a reduction in expenses associated with cargo damaged in transit. This decrease in costs was primarily attributable to a $1.6 million charge during the second quarter of 2004 for an adverse jury verdict on a lawsuit stemming from a 2002 motor vehicle accident. These factors were partially offset by an increase in insurance premiums.
The decrease in purchased transportation expense, as a percentage of base revenue, was primarily due to a decrease in third party logistics revenue which resulted in a decrease in the amounts we paid to other trucking companies and, to a lesser extent, a decrease in the number of owner-operators.
The decrease in operations and maintenance expense, as a percentage of base revenue, was mainly due to the reduced cost of repairs on our fleet and, to a lesser extent, reduced average age of our tractor fleet from 19 months as of September 30, 2004 to 17 months as of September 30, 2005 and of our trailer fleet from 48 months to 39 months on those same dates.
The increase in other expense, as a percentage of base revenue, was due to an increase in the amount spent on driver recruiting and the costs associated with auditing and legal services related to compliance with federal regulations. Other operating expenses consist of costs incurred for advertising expense, driver recruiting expense and administrative costs.
The increase in interest expense, as a percentage of base revenue, was primarily due to an increase in the interest rates related to our outstanding debt.
Our effective tax rate decreased from 52.9% to 46.0%. Income tax expense varies from the amount computed by applying the federal tax rate of 35% to income before income taxes primarily due to state income taxes, net of federal income tax effect, adjusted for permanent differences, the most significant of which is the effect of the per diem pay structure for drivers.
Seasonality
In the trucking industry, revenues generally decrease as customers reduce shipments during the winter holiday season and as inclement weather impedes operations. At the same time, operating expenses increase, due primarily to decreased fuel efficiency and increased maintenance costs. Future revenues could be impacted if customers, particularly those with manufacturing operations, reduce shipments due to temporary plant closings. Historically, many of our customers have closed their plants for maintenance or other reasons during January and July.
Inflation
Although most of our operating expenses are inflation sensitive, the effect of inflation on base revenue and operating costs has been minimal in recent years. The effect of inflation-driven cost increases on our overall operating costs would not be expected to be greater for us than for our competitors.
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Fuel Availability and Cost
The motor carrier industry is dependent upon the availability of fuel. Fuel shortages or increases in fuel taxes or fuel costs have adversely affected our profitability and will continue to do so. Fuel prices have fluctuated widely and fuel taxes have generally increased in recent years. We have not experienced difficulty in maintaining necessary fuel supplies, and in the past we generally have been able to partially offset increases in fuel costs and fuel taxes through increased freight rates and through a fuel surcharge that increases incrementally as the price of fuel increases above a certain baseline price. Typically, we are not able to fully recover increases in fuel prices through rate increases and fuel surcharges, primarily because those items do not provide any benefit with respect to empty and out-of-route miles, for which we do not receive compensation from customers. We do not have any long-term fuel purchase contracts and we have not entered into any hedging arrangements that protect us against fuel price increases.
Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements
We do not currently have any off-balance sheet arrangements that have or are reasonably likely to have a material current or future effect on our financial condition, revenues or expenses, results of operations, liquidity, capital expenditures or capital resources. From time to time, we enter into operating leases that are not reflected in our balance sheet.
Liquidity & Capital Resources
The continued growth of our business has required significant investments in new equipment. We have financed new tractor and trailer purchases with cash flows from operations, the proceeds from sales or trades of used equipment, borrowings under our senior credit facility and capital lease-purchase arrangements. We have historically met our working capital needs with cash flows from operations and with borrowings under the senior credit facility. We use the senior credit facility to minimize fluctuations in cash flow needs and to provide flexibility in financing revenue equipment purchases.
Cash and cash equivalents totaled $3.9 million and $1.2 million at September 30, 2005 and December 31, 2004, respectively. During the nine months ended September 30, 2005, we used cash provided from operations of $46.9 million, proceeds from sale of property and equipment of $19.4 million and proceeds from the issuance of Common Stock of $47.3 million to purchase revenue equipment and other property and equipment totaling $44.7 million, reduce outstanding capital lease obligations by $18.9 million, retire our note payable in the amount of $3.1 million and reduce our credit line by $44.5 million. During the nine months ended September 30, 2004, we used cash provided from operations of $21.7 million, proceeds from sale of property and equipment of $17.3 million and net borrowings under our senior credit facility of $24.6 million to purchase revenue equipment and other property and equipment totaling $53.7 million and reduce outstanding capital lease obligations by $9.8 million.
The following table represents our outstanding contractual obligations at September 30, 2005, excluding letters of credit:
Payments Due By Period
(in thousands)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Total
| | Less than 1 year
| | 1-3 years
| | 3-5 years
| | More than 5 years
|
Contractual Obligations: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Long-term debt obligations (1) | | $ | 19,000 | | $ | — | | $ | — | | $ | 19,000 | | $ | — |
Capital lease obligations (2) | | | 84,765 | | | 23,970 | | | 53,918 | | | 6,877 | | | — |
Revenue equipment purchase obligations (3) | | | 128,582 | | | 109,504 | | | 19,078 | | | — | | | — |
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
|
Total | | $ | 232,347 | | $ | 133,474 | | $ | 72,996 | | $ | 25,877 | | $ | — |
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|
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|
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|
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|
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(1) | Long-term debt obligations, excluding letters of credit in the amount of $1.7 million, consists of our senior credit facility that matures on September 1, 2010, as described below. |
(2) | Capital lease obligations include interest payments not included in the balance sheet. |
(3) | Revenue equipment purchase obligations are cancelable by us upon advance notice. |
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Our principal sources of available liquidity are cash provided by operating activities, the $79.3 million we had available under our facility at September 30, 2005, proceeds from sales of revenue equipment and capital leases. We have generated between approximately $32.9 million and $38.0 million of cash provided by operating activities annually for the years 2002 through 2004 and have generated $46.9 million of cash provided by operating activities through the first nine months of 2005. We currently have $15.4 million of availability for new capital leases under existing lease facilities. Management is not aware of any known trends or uncertainties that would cause a significant change in our sources of liquidity. We expect our principal sources of capital to be sufficient to finance our annual debt maturities, lease commitments, letter of credit commitments, stock repurchases and capital expenditures for the remainder of 2005 and 2006. There can be no assurance, however, that such sources will be sufficient to fund our operations and all expansion plans through such dates, or that any necessary additional financing will be available, if at all, in amounts required or on terms satisfactory to us.
On September 1, 2005, we entered into an amended and restated senior credit agreement, which restates in its entirety and makes certain amendments to our facility dated as of April 28, 2000, as previously amended through March 10, 2005. The facility was amended to, among other things, increase the maximum borrowing amount to $100.0 million, subject to a borrowing base calculation. The facility includes a sublimit of up to $25.0 million for letters of credit and matures September 1, 2010.
The facility is collateralized by accounts receivable and certain revenue equipment. The facility provides an accordion feature allowing us to increase the maximum borrowing amount by up to an additional $75.0 million in the aggregate in one or more increases no less than six months prior to the maturity date, subject to certain conditions. The maximum borrowing may not exceed $175.0 million without the consent of the lenders.
Our facility bears variable interest based on the agent bank’s prime rate, the federal funds rate plus a certain percentage or the London Interbank Offered Rate (commonly referred to as “LIBOR”) plus a certain percentage, which is determined based on our attainment of certain financial ratios. As of September 30, 2005, the effective interest rate was 5.2%. A quarterly commitment fee is payable on the unused credit line at a rate which is determined based on our attainment of certain financial ratios.
The facility contains various covenants, which require us to meet certain quarterly financial ratios. As of September 30, 2005, we were in compliance with the covenants.
As of September 30, 2005, our net capital expenditures forecast was approximately $7.5 million for the remainder of 2005, approximately $6.7 million of which relates to revenue equipment. We routinely evaluate our equipment acquisition needs and adjust our purchase schedule from time to time based on our analysis of factors such as freight demand and the availability of drivers. Our forecast reflects our decision to reschedule to 2006 the purchase of some tractors and trailers we had originally scheduled for purchase in 2005. We may cancel any or all of our equipment purchase commitments by giving notice to the applicable vendor at least 75 days before the scheduled delivery date. During the nine months ended September 30, 2005, we made $49.9 million of net capital expenditures, including $45.7 million for revenue equipment purchases ($24.6 million of which were capital lease obligations), $2.8 million for facility expansions and $1.4 million for non-revenue equipment. Although we have not finalized our plans for 2006 capital expenditures, we anticipate that the net capital expenditures for 2006 will equal or exceed the net capital expenditures for 2005.
New Accounting Pronouncements
See Note D to the financial statements included in this Form 10-Q for a description of the most recent accounting pronouncements and their effect, if any.
ITEM 3. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK
We experience various market risks, including changes in interest rates, foreign currency exchange rates and commodity prices.
Interest Rate Risk. We are exposed to interest rate risk primarily from our senior credit facility. Our facility bears variable interest based on the agent bank’s prime rate, the federal funds rate plus a certain percentage or LIBOR plus a certain percentage, which is determined based on our attainment of certain financial ratios. At September 30, 2005, we had $19.0 million outstanding pursuant to our facility. Beginning in March 2003, we maintained an interest rate swap agreement, with a notional amount of $10.0 million, which was intended as a hedge against our exposure to variability in future cash flow resulting from changes in interest rates under our facility. The swap agreement terminated on March 27, 2005.
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Foreign Currency Exchange Rate Risk. We require all customers to pay for our services in U.S. dollars. Although the Canadian Government makes certain payments, such as tax refunds, to us in Canadian dollars, any foreign currency exchange risk associated with such payments is not material.
Commodity Price Risk. Fuel prices have fluctuated greatly and have generally increased in recent years. In some periods, our operating performance was adversely affected because we were not able to fully offset the impact of higher diesel fuel prices through increased freight rates and fuel surcharges. We cannot predict the extent to which high fuel price levels will continue in the future or the extent to which fuel surcharges could be collected to offset such increases. We do not have any long-term fuel purchase contracts, and we have not entered into any hedging arrangements, that protect us against fuel price increases. Volatile fuel prices may continue to impact us significantly. A significant increase in fuel costs, or a shortage of diesel fuel, could materially and adversely affect our results of operations. These costs could also exacerbate the driver shortages our industry experiences by forcing independent contractors to cease operations.
ITEM 4. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES
As of the end of the period covered by this report, an evaluation was performed under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our Chief Executive Officer (the “CEO”) and Chief Financial Officer (the “CFO”), of the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures. Based on that evaluation, our management, including the CEO and CFO, concluded that, as of the end of the period covered by this report, our disclosure controls and procedures were effective. There have been no significant changes in our internal control over financial reporting during the last fiscal quarter that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.
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PART II - OTHER INFORMATION
ITEM 1. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
We are a party to routine litigation incidental to our business, primarily involving claims for personal injury and property damage incurred in the transportation of freight. Though we believe these claims to be routine and immaterial to our long-term financial position, adverse results of one or more of these claims could have a material adverse effect on our financial position, results of operations or cash flow.
ITEM 2. UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS
(a) Recent unregistered sales of securities.
None.
(b) Use of proceeds from registered sales of securities.
Not Applicable.
(c) Purchases of equity securities by the issuer and affiliated purchasers.
On October 21, 2004, we publicly announced that our Board of Directors has authorized the repurchase of up to 500,000 shares of our outstanding Common Stock over a three-year period ending October 19, 2007. We may make Common Stock purchases under this program on the open market or in privately negotiated transactions at prices determined by our Chairman of the Board or President. The following table sets forth information regarding shares of Common Stock purchased or that may yet be purchased by us under the current authorization. There were no shares repurchased during the second quarter of 2005:
| | | | | | | | | |
Period Ending
| | Total Number of Shares Purchased During 2nd Quarter 2005
| | Average Price Paid per Share During 2nd Quarter 2005
| | Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Plans or Programs
| | Maximum Number of Shares that May Yet Be Purchased Under the Plans or Programs
|
July 31, 2005 | | — | | $ | — | | — | | 496,500 |
August 31, 2005 | | — | | $ | — | | — | | 496,500 |
September 30, 2005 | | — | | $ | — | | — | | 496,500 |
We may reissue repurchased shares under our equity compensation plans or as otherwise directed by the Board of Directors.
We are required to include in the table above purchases made by us or by an affiliated purchaser. For this purpose, “affiliated purchaser” does not include our Employee Stock Purchase Plan, which provides that shares purchased for employees under that plan may be shares provided by us or shares purchased on the open market. Open market purchases under that plan are made by the administrator of the plan, which is an agent independent of us. Any shares purchased by the administrator are not counted against the number of shares available for purchase by us pursuant to the repurchase authorization described above.
ITEM 3. DEFAULTS UPON SENIOR SECURITIES
None.
ITEM 4. SUBMISSION OF MATTERS TO A VOTE OF SECURITY HOLDERS
None.
ITEM 5. OTHER INFORMATION
None.
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ITEM 6. EXHIBITS
(a) Exhibits
| | |
31.1 | | Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. |
| |
31.2 | | Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. |
| |
32.1 | | Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. |
| |
32.2 | | Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. |
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SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.
| | | | |
| | USA Truck, Inc. |
| | (Registrant) |
| | |
Date October 27, 2005 | | By | | /s/ ROBERT M. POWELL
|
| | | | Robert M. Powell |
| | | | Chairman and Chief Executive Officer |
| | |
Date October 27, 2005 | | By | | /s/ JERRY D. ORLER
|
| | | | Jerry D. Orler |
| | | | President |
| | |
Date October 27, 2005 | | By | | /s/ CLIFTON R. BECKHAM
|
| | | | Clifton R. Beckham |
| | | | Senior Vice President, Finance and Chief Financial Officer |
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INDEX TO EXHIBITS
USA TRUCK, INC.
| | |
Exhibit Number
| | Exhibit
|
31.1 | | Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. |
| |
31.2 | | Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. |
| |
32.1 | | Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. |
| |
32.2 | | Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. |
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