| (a) | Amount beneficially owned:
(i) Immediately following the execution of the Securities Purchase Agreement with the Issuer on January 6, 2025 (the "SPA") (as disclosed in the Form 8-K filed by the Issuer with the Securities and Exchange Commission on January 7, 2025), each of the Reporting Persons may have been deemed to have beneficial ownership of 1,257,143 shares of Common Stock to be issued to Intracoastal at the closing of the transaction contemplated by the SPA, and all such shares of Common Stock represent beneficial ownership of approximately 5.8% of the Common Stock, based on (1) 20,242,119 shares of Common Stock outstanding as of January 3, 2025, as reported by the Issuer, plus (2) 1,257,143 shares of Common Stock to be issued to Intracoastal at the closing of the transaction contemplated by the SPA. The foregoing excludes (I) 2,514,286 shares of Common Stock issuable upon exercise of a warrant to be issued to Intracoastal at the closing of the transaction contemplated by the SPA ("Intracoastal Warrant 1") because Intracoastal Warrant 1 contains a blocker provision under which the holder thereof does not have the right to exercise Intracoastal Warrant 1 to the extent (but only to the extent) that such exercise would result in beneficial ownership by the holder thereof, together with the holder's affiliates, and any other persons acting as a group together with the holder or any of the holder's affiliates, of more than 4.99% of the Common Stock, (II) 221,062 shares of Common Stock issuable upon exercise of a warrant held by Intracoastal ("Intracoastal Warrant 2") because Intracoastal Warrant 2 contains a blocker provision under which the holder thereof does not have the right to exercise Intracoastal Warrant 2 to the extent (but only to the extent) that such exercise would result in beneficial ownership by the holder thereof, together with the holder's affiliates, and any other persons acting as a group together with the holder or any of the holder's affiliates, of more than 4.99% of the Common Stock and (III) 783,336 shares of Common Stock issuable upon exercise of a second warrant held by Intracoastal ("Intracoastal Warrant 3") because Intracoastal Warrant 3 contains a blocker provision under which the holder thereof does not have the right to exercise Intracoastal Warrant 3 to the extent (but only to the extent) that such exercise would result in beneficial ownership by the holder thereof, together with the holder's affiliates, and any other persons acting as a group together with the holder or any of the holder's affiliates, of more than 4.99% of the Common Stock. Without such blocker provisions, each of the Reporting Persons may have been deemed to have beneficial ownership of 4,775,827 shares of Common Stock.
(ii) As of the close of business on January 10, 2025, each of the Reporting Persons may have been deemed to have beneficial ownership of 2,672,084 shares of Common Stock, which consisted of (i) 322,596 shares of Common Stock held by Intracoastal and (ii) 2,349,488 shares of Common Stock issuable upon exercise of a third warrant held by Intracoastal ("Intracoastal Warrant 4"), and all such shares of Common Stock represented beneficial ownership of approximately 8.8% of the Common Stock, based on (1) 20,242,119 shares of Common Stock outstanding as of January 3, 2025, as reported by the Issuer, plus (2) 4,000,001 shares of Common Stock in the aggregate issued at the closing of transaction contemplated by the SPA, (3) 3,788,550 shares of Common Stock in the aggregate issued at the closing of transaction contemplated by that certain Securities Purchase Agreement with the Issuer dated January 7, 2025 (as disclosed in the Form 8-K filed by the Issuer with the Securities and Exchange Commission on January 10, 2025) and (4) 2,349,488 shares of Common Stock issuable upon exercise of Intracoastal Warrant 4. The foregoing excludes (I) 2,514,286 shares of Common Stock issuable upon exercise of Intracoastal Warrant 1 because Intracoastal Warrant 1 contains a blocker provision under which the holder thereof does not have the right to exercise Intracoastal Warrant 1 to the extent (but only to the extent) that such exercise would result in beneficial ownership by the holder thereof, together with the holder's affiliates, and any other persons acting as a group together with the holder or any of the holder's affiliates, of more than 4.99% of the Common Stock, (II) 221,062 shares of Common Stock issuable upon exercise of Intracoastal Warrant 2 because Intracoastal Warrant 2 contains a blocker provision under which the holder thereof does not have the right to exercise Intracoastal Warrant 2 to the extent (but only to the extent) that such exercise would result in beneficial ownership by the holder thereof, together with the holder's affiliates, and any other persons acting as a group together with the holder or any of the holder's affiliates, of more than 4.99% of the Common Stock and (III) 783,336 shares of Common Stock issuable upon exercise of Intracoastal Warrant 3 because Intracoastal Warrant 3 contains a blocker provision under which the holder thereof does not have the right to exercise Intracoastal Warrant 3 to the extent (but only to the extent) that such exercise would result in beneficial ownership by the holder thereof, together with the holder's affiliates, and any other persons acting as a group together with the holder or any of the holder's affiliates, of more than 4.99% of the Common Stock. Without such blocker provisions, each of the Reporting Persons may have been deemed to have beneficial ownership of 6,191,768 shares of Common Stock. |
Rule
13d-1(b) 
Rule
13d-1(c)