Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies | Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies Business Description FDC is a global leader in commerce-enabling technology and solutions for merchants, financial institutions, and card issuers. The Company provides merchant transaction processing and acquiring; credit, retail, and debit card processing; prepaid and payroll services; check verification; settlement and guarantee services; and statement printing as well as solutions to help clients grow their businesses including the Company's Clover line of payment solutions and related applications. Basis of Presentation The accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements of the Company should be read in conjunction with the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017 and the Company's Form 8-K filed August 13, 2018. Significant accounting policies disclosed therein have not changed, except for those disclosed below in the recently adopted section. The accompanying consolidated financial statements are unaudited; however, in the opinion of management, they include all normal recurring adjustments necessary for a fair presentation of the consolidated financial position of the Company, the consolidated results of the Company's operations, comprehensive income, consolidated cash flows and changes in equity as of and for the periods presented. Results of operations reported for interim periods are not necessarily indicative of results for the entire year due in part to the seasonality of certain business units. Use of Estimates The preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the unaudited consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Presentation Depreciation and amortization, presented as a separate line item on the Company’s unaudited consolidated statements of income, does not include amortization of payments for customer contracts which is recorded as contra-revenue within “Revenues excluding reimbursable items.” Also not included is amortization related to equity method investments which is netted within “Equity earnings in affiliates.” The following table presents the amounts associated with such amortization for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017 : Three months ended Nine months ended (in millions) 2018 2017 2018 2017 Amortization of payments for customer contracts $ 14 $ 20 $ 40 $ 58 Amortization related to equity method investments 8 12 23 35 Treasury Stock In connection with the vesting of restricted stock awards or exercise of stock options, shares of Class A and Class B common stock are delivered to the Company by employees to satisfy tax withholding obligations. The Company accounts for treasury stock activities under the cost method whereby the cost of the acquired stock is recorded as treasury stock. Because Class B common stock converts automatically to Class A common stock upon any transfer, whether or not for value, except for certain transactions described in the Company's amended and restated certificate of incorporation, all shares of treasury stock are Class A common stock. Foreign Currency Translation There has been a steady devaluation of the Argentine peso relative to the United States dollar in recent years, primarily due to inflation. A highly inflationary economy is defined as an economy with a cumulative inflation rate of approximately 100 percent or more over a three-year period. If a country’s economy is classified as highly inflationary, the financial statements of the foreign entity operating in that country must be remeasured to the functional currency of the reporting entity. As of June 30, 2018, the Argentine economy was designated as highly inflationary for accounting purposes. Accordingly, beginning July 1, 2018 the Company began reporting the financial results of its operations in Argentina at the functional currency of the parent, which is the U.S. dollar. E xchange gains and losses from the remeasurement of monetary assets and liabilities for the three months ended September 30, 2018 are reflected in "Other income (expense)" on the unaudited consolidated statements of income rather than “Accumulated other comprehensive loss” on the unaudited consolidated balance sheet. The Company recognized $3 million in foreign currency exchange losses for the three months ended September 30, 2018 from remeasurement of the operations in Argentina to the parent functional currency. Reclassifications Certain amounts for prior years have been reclassified to conform with the current year financial statement presentation. New Accounting Guidance Recently Adopted Accounting Guidance Stock-based Compensation In May 2017, the FASB issued guidance that clarifies when changes to terms or conditions of a stock-based payment award must be accounted for as a modification. Under the new guidance, companies only apply modification accounting guidance if the fair value, vesting conditions or classification of an award changes. The guidance was adopted prospectively to awards modified on or after the adoption date. The Company adopted the new guidance on January 1, 2018. The impact of adoption on the Company's consolidated financial statements is dependent on future changes to share-based compensation awards. In June 2018, the FASB issued guidance that simplifies the accounting for share-based payments to nonemployees in exchange for goods and services by aligning with the accounting for share-based payments to employees, with certain exceptions. The standard is effective for financial statements issued for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2018, with early adoption is permitted. The Company adopted the new guidance on July 1, 2018, using the modified retrospective approach, with an immaterial impact to the Company’s consolidated financial statements. Statement of Cash Flows In November 2016, the FASB issued guidance that changes the presentation of restricted cash and restricted cash equivalents on the statement of cash flows. Under the new guidance, companies are required to include restricted cash and restricted cash equivalents with the cash and cash equivalents line item when reconciling beginning-of-period and end-of-period total amounts shown on the statement of cash flows. Given this change, transfers between cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash and cash equivalents are no longer reported as cash flow activities on the statement of cash flows. The guidance was applied using a retrospective transition method to each period presented. The Company adopted the new guidance on January 1, 2018 with no material impact to its statement of cash flows. The Company held $28 million , $27 million , $27 million and $30 million in restricted cash within "Other long-term assets" in the unaudited consolidated balance sheets as of September 30, 2018, December 31, 2017, September 30, 2017, and December 31, 2016, respectively. Pension Costs In March 2017, the FASB issued guidance that requires employers that sponsor defined benefit plans for pensions and/or other post-retirement benefits to present the service cost component of net periodic benefit cost in the same income statement line item as other employee compensation costs arising from services rendered during the period. Only the service cost component will be eligible for capitalization in assets. Employers will present the other components of the net periodic benefit cost separately from the line item that includes the service cost and outside of any subtotal of operating income, if one is presented. These components will not be eligible for capitalization in assets. The Company adopted the new guidance on January 1, 2018, using a retrospective approach. The impact on the Company's consolidated financial statements for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 was an increase in operating expense and a decrease in "Interest expense, net" of $2 million and $5 million , respectively, and $1 million and $4 million for the comparable periods in 2017 . Derivatives and Hedging In August 2017, the FASB issued guidance to simplify the current application of hedge accounting. This standard is intended to better align a company’s risk management strategies and financial reporting for hedging relationships through changes to both designation and measurement for qualifying hedging relationships and more accurately presenting the economic effects in the financial statements. In addition, the new guidance establishes flexibility in the requirements to qualify and maintain hedge accounting. The Company adopted the new guidance on January 1, 2018 with no material impact to the Company’s consolidated financial statements. Revenue Recognition In May 2014, the FASB issued ASC 606 and ASC 340-40 (collectively, the New Revenue Standard) that requires companies to recognize revenue to depict the transfer of goods or services to customers in amounts that reflect the consideration to which the company expects to be entitled in an exchange for those goods or services. It also requires enhanced disclosures about revenue, provides guidance for transactions that were not previously addressed comprehensively, and improves guidance for multiple-element arrangements. The FASB has subsequently issued several amendments to the New Revenue Standard, including clarification on accounting for licenses, identifying performance obligations, and principal versus agent consideration (reporting revenue gross vs. net). The Company adopted the New Revenue Standard using a modified retrospective basis on January 1, 2018 to all contracts that were not completed. The adoption resulted in an increase to accumulated loss of $13 million for the cumulative effect of applying the New Revenue Standard. This impact was principally driven by certain software arrangements being recognized sooner; changes related to costs to obtain customers, including the related amortization period; and the release of deferred revenue associated with Clover terminals that had previously lacked standalone value. Under the modified retrospective basis, the Company did not restate its comparative consolidated financial statements for these effects. The following tables present the impact of adopting the New Revenue Standard on the Company’s unaudited consolidated financial statements for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 : Three months ended September 30, 2018 (in millions, except per share amounts) As Reported Adjustments Amounts Without Adoption of ASC 606 Revenues: Revenues excluding reimbursable items $ 2,158 $ (34 ) $ 2,124 Reimbursable items 211 919 1,130 Total revenues 2,369 885 3,254 Expenses: Total expenses excluding reimbursable items 1,683 (33 ) 1,650 Reimbursable items 211 919 1,130 Total expenses 1,894 886 2,780 Operating profit 475 (1 ) 474 Interest expense, net (231 ) — (231 ) Loss on debt extinguishment (2 ) — (2 ) Other income 202 — 202 Income before income taxes and equity earnings in affiliates 444 (1 ) 443 Income tax expense 54 — 54 Equity earnings in affiliates 58 — 58 Net income 448 (1 ) 447 Less: Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests and redeemable noncontrolling interest 47 — 47 Net income attributable to First Data Corporation $ 401 $ (1 ) $ 400 Net income attributable to First Data Corporation per share: Basic $ 0.43 $ — $ 0.43 Diluted $ 0.42 $ — $ 0.42 Nine months ended September 30, 2018 (in millions, except per share amounts) As Reported Adjustments Amounts Without Adoption of ASC 606 Revenues: Revenues excluding reimbursable items $ 6,486 $ (119 ) $ 6,367 Reimbursable items 613 2,640 3,253 Total revenues 7,099 2,521 9,620 Expenses: Total expenses excluding reimbursable items 5,125 (94 ) 5,031 Reimbursable items 613 2,640 3,253 Total expenses 5,738 2,546 8,284 Operating profit 1,361 (25 ) 1,336 Interest expense, net (698 ) — (698 ) Loss on debt extinguishment (3 ) — (3 ) Other income 201 — 201 Income before income taxes and equity earnings in affiliates 861 (25 ) 836 Income tax expense 44 (6 ) 38 Equity earnings in affiliates 167 — 167 Net income 984 (19 ) 965 Less: Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests and redeemable noncontrolling interest 141 — 141 Net income attributable to First Data Corporation $ 843 $ (19 ) $ 824 Net income attributable to First Data Corporation per share: Basic $ 0.91 $ (0.02 ) $ 0.89 Diluted $ 0.88 $ (0.02 ) $ 0.86 The adoption of the New Revenue Standard had an immaterial impact on the Company’s unaudited consolidated balance sheet and unaudited consolidated statement of cash flows as of and for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018. See note 3 "Revenue Recognition" for more information. Recently Issued Accounting Guidance Leases In February 2016, the FASB issued guidance which requires lessees to recognize most leases on their balance sheets. The guidance also modifies the classification criteria and the accounting for sales-type and direct financing leases for lessors and provides new presentation and disclosure requirements for both lessees and lessors. The standard is effective for financial statements issued for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, and interim periods within those fiscal years. The Company will adopt the new standard on January 1, 2019. While the Company continues to assess all of the effects of the adoption of the guidance, the Company does not believe that the adoption of the new standard will have a material impact on its consolidated financial statements. Credit Losses In June 2016, the FASB issued guidance that will change the accounting for credit loss impairment. Under the new guidance, companies are required to measure all expected credit losses for financial instruments held at the reporting date based on historical experience, current conditions and reasonable supportable forecasts. This replaces the existing incurred loss model and is applicable to the measurement of credit losses on financial assets measured at amortized cost and applies to some off-balance sheet credit exposures. This new guidance will be effective for public companies for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019, including interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption is permitted for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of the new guidance on its consolidated financial statements. Internal-Use Software In August 2018, the FASB issued guidance to align the requirements for capitalizing certain implementation costs incurred in a cloud computing arrangement that is a service contract with the requirements for capitalizing implementation costs incurred to develop or obtain internal-use software. The standard is effective for financial statements issued for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2019, with early adoption permitted. The guidance provides flexibility in adoption, allowing for either retrospective adjustment or prospective adjustment for all implementation costs incurred after the date of adoption. The Company is currently reviewing the new guidance to assess the impact to the consolidated financial statements. Fair Value Measurements In August 2018, the FASB issued guidance that modified the disclosures on fair value measurements by removing the requirement to disclose the amount and reasons for transfers between Level 1 and Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy and the policy for timing of such transfers. The new guidance also expands disclosure requirements for Level 3 fair value measurements, primarily focused on changes in unrealized gains and losses included in other comprehensive income. The standard is effective for financial statements issued for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019, with early adoption permitted. The Company is in the process of evaluating the impact of the guidance on its consolidated financial statements. SEC Disclosure Requirements In August 2018, the SEC issued a final rule that amends certain disclosure requirements that were duplicative, outdated or superseded. In addition, the final rule expanded the financial reporting requirements for changes in stockholders’ equity for interim reporting periods. The Company will adopt this new rule beginning with its financing reporting for the quarter ended March 31, 2019. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of the final rule on its consolidated financial statements. |