Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies | Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies Business Description First Data Corporation (FDC or the Company) is a global leader in commerce-enabling technology and solutions for merchants, financial institutions, and card issuers. The Company provides merchant transaction processing and acquiring; credit, retail, and debit card issuing and processing; prepaid services; check verification; settlement and guarantee services; as well as solutions to help clients grow their businesses including the Company's Clover line of payment solutions and related applications. Basis of Presentation The accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements of the Company should be read in conjunction with the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2016 . Significant accounting policies disclosed therein have not changed. The accompanying consolidated financial statements are unaudited; however, in the opinion of management, they include all normal recurring adjustments necessary for a fair presentation of the consolidated financial position of the Company, the consolidated results of the Company's operations, comprehensive income (loss), consolidated cash flows and changes in equity as of and for the periods presented. Results of operations reported for interim periods are not necessarily indicative of results for the entire year due in part to the seasonality of certain business units. Use of Estimates The preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the unaudited consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Presentation Depreciation and amortization, presented as a separate line item on the Company’s unaudited consolidated statements of operations, does not include amortization of initial payments for new contracts which is recorded as contra-revenue within “Transaction and processing service fees.” Also not included is amortization related to equity method investments which is netted within “Equity earnings in affiliates.” The following table presents the amounts associated with such amortization for the periods presented: Three months ended (in millions) 2017 2016 Amortization of initial payments for new contracts $ 19 $ 15 Amortization related to equity method investments 11 9 Revenue Recognition Interchange fees and assessments charged by credit card associations to the Company’s consolidated subsidiaries and network fees related to PIN-debit and PINless-debit transactions charged by debit networks were as follows for the periods presented: Three months ended (in millions) 2017 2016 Interchange fees and assessments $ 6,039 $ 5,287 Debit network fees 745 726 Deferred Revenue The Company records deferred revenue when it receives payments or invoices in advance of the delivery of products or the performance of services. The deferred revenue is recognized when underlying performance obligations are achieved. As of March 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016 , current deferred revenue included within "Accounts payable and accrued liabilities" in the Company's unaudited consolidated balance sheets was $155 million and $149 million , respectively. As of March 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016 , noncurrent deferred revenue included within "Other long-term liabilities" in the Company's unaudited consolidated balance sheets was $176 million and $184 million , respectively. In January 2017, the Company determined that standalone value had been achieved for its Clover terminal devices, principally because a secondary market had been established. The Company accounted for the change on a prospective basis. Beginning January 1, 2017, the Company recognized revenue on sales of Clover terminal devices upon delivery, while Clover terminal devices sold prior to January 1, 2017 continued to be deferred over the term of the respective processing agreement. As of March 31, 2017, approximately $84 million of the Company's deferred revenue represented sales of Clover terminal devices which did not have standalone value prior to the change in accounting. Reclassifications Certain amounts for prior years have been reclassified to conform with the current-year financial statement presentation. New Accounting Guidance Revenue Recognition In May 2014, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issued guidance that requires companies to recognize revenue to depict the transfer of goods or services to customers in amounts that reflect the consideration to which the Company expects to be entitled in an exchange for those goods or services. It also requires enhanced disclosures about revenue, provides guidance for transactions that were not previously addressed comprehensively, and improves guidance for multiple-element arrangements. The FASB has subsequently issued several amendments to the standard, including clarification on accounting for licenses, identifying performance obligations, and principal versus agent consideration (reporting revenue gross vs. net). Since the issuance of ASC 606 and ASC 340-40 (collectively, the New Revenue Standard) in May 2014, the Company has been preparing for the adoption of the New Revenue Standard. The Company has been monitoring the activity of the FASB and the Transition Resource Group as it relates to specific industry interpretive guidance and further overall interpretations and clarifications. Beginning in the second half of 2016, the Company began Phase I of its three-phase plan to complete its adoption of the New Revenue Standard: • Phase I entailed activities such as completion of an accounting guidance gap analysis, reviewing significant revenue streams (and related costs) and representative contracts to determine the potential changes to its existing accounting policies. The Company has completed Phase I. • Phase II will further determine the impact of the adoption of the New Revenue Standard and will include activities such as validating and concluding on potential accounting guidance gaps from Phase I, quantifying the effects the New Revenue Standard will have on its consolidated financial statements, identifying and documenting changes to its accounting policies, expanding disclosures as required by the New Revenue Standard, and identifying and addressing the impact the New Revenue Standard will have on business processes, systems and internal controls to support the recognition and disclosure requirements. The Company has begun Phase II. • Phase III will complete the Company’s adoption and implementation of the New Revenue Standard and will include activities such as running parallel reporting for impacted areas under the New and Current Revenue Standard, recording the accounting adjustments that were identified in Phase II, evaluating and testing modified and newly implemented internal controls over the New Revenue Standard, and revising the Company’s financial statement disclosures. While the Company is still in the process of evaluating the full impact of the New Revenue Standard and related amendments on its consolidated financial statements and related disclosures, the Company has identified certain expected changes of the New Revenue Standard on its consolidated financial statements and is in the process of quantifying the impact. These include items such as: • The capitalization of certain costs that are part of setting up a customer on the Company’s platforms and certain customer acquisition costs that meet the definition of incremental costs of obtaining a contract, both of which are currently recognized as an expense when incurred; and • Certain software license arrangements that are currently recognized over the term of the software arrangement may be recognized earlier. The Company is also continuing to validate potential changes, which may be significant to the consolidated financial statements, such as: • Certain customer contractual arrangements with volume-based discounts which could result in a potential deferral of revenue; • Certain services revenue associated with programming activities that currently have standalone value and are recognized as work is performed may need to be deferred and recognized over the contract period; and • Principal versus agent conclusions (reporting revenue gross vs. net), including interchange fees and assessments charged by credit card associations, network fees related to PIN-debit and PINless debit transactions and revenue-based commission payments to Independent Sales Organizations (ISOs) and sales channels. The Company plans to adopt the New Revenue Standard, as well as other clarifications and technical guidance issued by the FASB related to this New Revenue Standard, on January 1, 2018, and the Company currently expects to apply the modified retrospective transition method. This would result in an adjustment to retained earnings for the cumulative effect, if any, of applying the New Revenue Standard to contracts in process as of the adoption date. Under this method, the Company would not restate the prior consolidated financial statements presented. However, the Company would include additional disclosures of the amount by which each financial statement line item is affected in the current reporting period during 2018, as compared to the guidance that was in effect before the change, and an explanation of the reasons for significant changes, if any. Leases In February 2016, the FASB issued guidance which requires lessees to put most leases on their balance sheets. The guidance also modifies the classification criteria and the accounting for sales-type and direct financing leases for lessors and provides new presentation and disclosure requirements for both lessees and lessors. The standard is effective for financial statements issued for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, and interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption is permitted in any interim or annual period subsequent to adoption of the preceding revenue recognition guidance. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of adoption of the new guidance on its consolidated financial statements. Stock-based Compensation In March 2016, the FASB issued guidance that will change some aspects of the accounting for stock-based payments to employees. Under the new guidance, companies will be required to record all excess tax benefits and tax deficiencies as income tax expense or benefit in the income statement and to present excess tax benefits as an operating activity on the statement of cash flows. The guidance may also change how companies account for forfeitures and an employee’s use of shares to satisfy the employer’s statutory income tax withholding obligation. The Company adopted the various amendments in its consolidated financial statements for the quarterly period ending March 31, 2017 with an effective date of January 1, 2017. The Company has elected to continue to estimate forfeitures expected to occur to determine the amount of compensation cost to be recognized in each period. The adoption of these amendments did not have a material effect on its consolidated financial statements while the Company still has income tax valuation allowances within the U.S. When these income tax valuation allowances in the U.S. are fully utilized or released, the Company could experience volatility in its income tax expense. Credit Losses In June 2016, the FASB issued guidance that will change the accounting for credit impairment. Under the new guidance, companies are required to measure all expected credit losses for financial instruments held at the reporting date based on historical experience, current conditions and reasonable supportable forecasts. This replaces the existing incurred loss model and is applicable to the measurement of credit losses on financial assets measured at amortized cost and applies to some off-balance sheet credit exposures. This new guidance will be effective for public companies for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019, including interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption is permitted for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of the new guidance on its consolidated financial statements. Statement of Cash Flows In November 2016, the FASB issued guidance that will change the presentation of restricted cash and restricted cash equivalents on the statement of cash flows. Under the new guidance, companies will be required to include restricted cash and restricted cash equivalents with the cash and cash equivalents line item when reconciling beginning-of-period and end-of-period total amounts shown on the statement of cash flows. Given this change, transfers between cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash and cash equivalents will not be reported as cash flow activities on the statement of cash flows. In addition, the guidance requires entities to disclose information about the nature of restrictions on its cash and cash equivalents, including restricted cash and cash equivalents. This new guidance will be effective for public companies for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017, including interim periods within those fiscal years with early adoption permitted, including adoption in an interim period. The guidance should be applied using a retrospective transition method to each period presented. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of the new guidance on its consolidated financial statements. Goodwill In January 2017, the FASB issued guidance simplifying the test for goodwill impairment. This standard eliminates Step 2 from the goodwill impairment test, instead requiring an entity to recognize a goodwill impairment charge for the amount by which the goodwill carrying amount exceeds the reporting unit’s fair value. This guidance is effective for interim and annual goodwill impairment tests in fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019, and early adoption is permitted. This guidance must be applied on a prospective basis. The Company does not expect the adoption of this guidance to have a material impact on the Company's financial position, results of operations or cash flows. Pension Costs In March 2017, the FASB issued guidance that requires employers that sponsor defined benefit plans for pensions and/or other post-retirement benefits to present the service cost component of net periodic benefit cost in the same income statement line item as other employee compensation costs arising from services rendered during the period. Only the service cost component will be eligible for capitalization in assets. Employers will present the other components of the net periodic benefit cost separately from the line item that includes the service cost and outside of any subtotal of operating income, if one is presented. These components will not be eligible for capitalization in assets. This new guidance will be effective for public companies for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017, including interim periods within those fiscal years with early adoption permitted, including adoption in an interim period. The Company plans to adopt the guidance on January 1, 2018. This guidance must be applied on a prospective basis. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of the new guidance on its consolidated financial statements. |