UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
SCHEDULE 14A
Proxy Statement Pursuant to Section 14(a) of the
Securities Exchange Act of 1934
Filed by the Registrant ☒ Filed by a Party other than the Registrant ☐
Check the appropriate box:
| ☐ | Preliminary Proxy Statement | |
| ☐ | Confidential, for Use of the Commission Only (as permitted by Rule 14a-6(e)(2)) | |
| ☒ | Definitive Proxy Statement | |
| ☐ | Definitive Additional Materials | |
| ☐ | Soliciting Material Pursuant to § 240.14a-11(c) or § 240.14a-12 | |
INVESCO ADVANTAGE MUNICIPAL INCOME TRUST II
INVESCO BOND FUND
INVESCO CALIFORNIA VALUE MUNICIPAL INCOME TRUST
INVESCO DYNAMIC CREDIT OPPORTUNITIES FUND
INVESCO HIGH INCOME 2023 TARGET TERM FUND
INVESCO HIGH INCOME 2024 TARGET TERM FUND
INVESCO HIGH INCOME TRUST II
INVESCO MUNICIPAL INCOME OPPORTUNITIES TRUST
INVESCO MUNICIPAL OPPORTUNITY TRUST
INVESCO MUNICIPAL TRUST
INVESCO PENNSYLVANIA VALUE MUNICIPAL INCOME TRUST
INVESCO QUALITY MUNICIPAL INCOME TRUST
INVESCO SENIOR INCOME TRUST
INVESCO TRUST FOR INVESTMENT GRADE MUNICIPALS
INVESCO TRUST FOR INVESTMENT GRADE NEW YORK MUNICIPALS
INVESCO VALUE MUNICIPAL INCOME TRUST
(Name of Registrant as Specified In Its Charter)
(Name of Person(s) Filing Proxy Statement, if other than the Registrant)
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Invesco Advantage Municipal Income Trust II (VKI)
Invesco Bond Fund (VBF)
Invesco California Value Municipal Income Trust (VCV)
Invesco Dynamic Credit Opportunities Fund (VTA)
Invesco High Income 2023 Target Term Fund (IHIT)
Invesco High Income 2024 Target Term Fund (IHTA)
Invesco High Income Trust II (VLT)
Invesco Municipal Income Opportunities Trust (OIA)
Invesco Municipal Opportunity Trust (VMO)
Invesco Municipal Trust (VKQ)
Invesco Pennsylvania Value Municipal Income Trust (VPV)
Invesco Quality Municipal Income Trust (IQI)
Invesco Senior Income Trust (VVR)
Invesco Trust for Investment Grade Municipals (VGM)
Invesco Trust for Investment Grade New York Municipals (VTN)
Invesco Value Municipal Income Trust (IIM)
11 Greenway Plaza, Suite 1000
Houston, Texas 77046-1173
NOTICE OF JOINT ANNUAL MEETING OF SHAREHOLDERS
To Be Held August 7, 2020
Notice is hereby given to the holders of common shares of beneficial interest (the “Common Shares”) and, as applicable, the holders of preferred shares of beneficial interest (the “Preferred Shares”) of each Invescoclosed-end fund listed above (each a “Fund” and together the “Funds”) that the Joint Annual Meeting of Shareholders of the Funds (the “Meeting”) will be heldonline via live webcast, on August 7, 2020 at 2:00 p.m. Central Daylight Time.
The Meeting is to be held for the following purpose:
1. To elect trustees in the following manner:
Funds | Trustee Nominees for Election | Shareholders Entitled to Vote | ||||
Proposal 1(a) | VGM, VTA, VTN, VKQ, VMO, VVR, VKI, VCV, VPV, IQI, IIM and OIA | Beth Ann Brown Anthony J. LaCava, Jr. Joel W. Motley Teresa M. Ressel Christopher L. Wilson | Common Shareholders and Preferred Shareholders, voting together | |||
Proposal 1(b) | VGM, VTA, VTN, VKQ, VMO, VVR, VKI, VCV, VPV, IQI, IIM and OIA | David C. Arch | Preferred Shareholders, voting separately | |||
Proposal 1(c) | VBF, VLT, IHIT and IHTA | David C. Arch Beth Ann Brown Anthony J. LaCava, Jr. Joel W. Motley Teresa M. Ressel Christopher L. Wilson | Common Shareholders | |||
Each elected trustee will serve for a three-year term or until a successor shall have been duly elected and qualified.
In addition, any other business as may properly come before the Meeting or any adjournments thereof will be transacted at the Meeting.
Holders of record of the Common Shares and, where applicable, Preferred Shares, of each Fund on May 11, 2020 are entitled to notice of and to vote at the Meeting and any adjournment thereof.
THE BOARD OF TRUSTEES OF EACH FUND UNANIMOUSLY RECOMMENDS THAT YOU CAST YOUR VOTE FOR ALL OF THE NOMINEES TO THE BOARD OF TRUSTEES LISTED IN THE JOINT PROXY STATEMENT.
By order of the Board of Trustees,
Jeffrey H. Kupor
Senior Vice President,
Chief Legal Officer and Secretary
June 25, 2020
IT IS VERY IMPORTANT THAT YOUR SHARES BE REPRESENTED AT THE MEETING VIRTUALLY OR BY PROXY. PLEASE PROMPTLY SIGN, DATE AND RETURN THE ENCLOSED PROXY CARD(S) IN THE ACCOMPANYING POSTAGE-PAID ENVELOPE OR VOTE BY TELEPHONE OR THROUGH THE INTERNET PURSUANT TO THE INSTRUCTIONS ON THE ENCLOSED PROXY CARD(S), REGARDLESS OF WHETHER YOU PLAN TO ATTEND THE MEETING.
If you attend the Meeting and wish to vote at the Meeting, you will be able to do so and your vote at the Meeting will revoke any proxy you may have submitted. Merely attending the Meeting, however, will not revoke a previously given proxy.
In order to avoid the additional expense of further solicitation, we ask that you mail your proxy card(s) or record your voting instructions by telephone or via the internet promptly.
Your vote is extremely important. No matter how many or how few shares you own, please send in your proxy card(s), or vote by telephone or the internet today.
Invesco Advantage Municipal Income Trust II (VKI)
Invesco Bond Fund (VBF)
Invesco California Value Municipal Income Trust (VCV)
Invesco Dynamic Credit Opportunities Fund (VTA)
Invesco High Income 2023 Target Term Fund (IHIT)
Invesco High Income 2024 Target Term Fund (IHTA)
Invesco High Income Trust II (VLT)
Invesco Municipal Income Opportunities Trust (OIA)
Invesco Municipal Opportunity Trust (VMO)
Invesco Municipal Trust (VKQ)
Invesco Pennsylvania Value Municipal Income Trust (VPV)
Invesco Quality Municipal Income Trust (IQI)
Invesco Senior Income Trust (VVR)
Invesco Trust for Investment Grade Municipals (VGM)
Invesco Trust for Investment Grade New York Municipals (VTN)
Invesco Value Municipal Income Trust (IIM)
11 Greenway Plaza, Suite 1000
Houston, Texas 77046-1173
JOINT PROXY STATEMENT
FOR
JOINT ANNUAL MEETING OF SHAREHOLDERS
To be Held August 7, 2020
INTRODUCTION
This Joint Proxy Statement is being furnished in connection with the solicitation of proxies by the Boards of Trustees (the “Board”) of each fund listed above (each a “Fund” and together the “Funds”). The proxies are to be voted at a Joint Annual Meeting of Shareholders of the Funds, and all adjournments thereof (the “Meeting”), to be held online via live webcast on August 7, 2020, at 2:00 p.m. Central Daylight Time. The Meeting will be an annual meeting for each Fund. The approximate mailing date of this Joint Proxy Statement and accompanying proxy cards is on or about June 25, 2020.
Participating in the Meeting are holders of common shares of beneficial interest (the “Common Shares”) and, where applicable, the holders of preferred shares of beneficial interest (the “Preferred Shares”) of each Fund as set forth inAnnex A to this Joint Proxy Statement. The Common Shares and the Preferred Shares of the Funds are sometimes referred to herein collectively as the “Shares.” The Board has fixed May 11, 2020 as the record date (the “Record Date”) for the determination of holders of Shares of each Fund entitled to vote at the Meeting.
The Common Shares of each of the Funds are listed on the New York Stock Exchange (the “NYSE”). The NYSE ticker symbol of each Fund and the amount of Common Shares and Preferred Shares outstanding as of the Record Date are shown inAnnex A to this Joint Proxy Statement. Each Fund is aclosed-end fund organized as a Delaware statutory trust.
The Meeting is scheduled as a joint meeting because the shareholders of the Funds are expected to consider and vote on similar matters. In the event that a shareholder of any Fund present at the Meeting objects to the holding of a joint meeting and moves for an
adjournment of the meeting of such Fund to a time immediately after the Meeting so that such Fund’s meeting may be held separately, the persons named as proxies will vote in favor of the adjournment.
If you have any questions about the information set forth in this Joint Proxy Statement, please contact us at the24-hour Automated Investor Line at1-800-341-2929, Option 1 or visit our website at www.invesco.com/us.
Important Notice Regarding the Availability of Proxy Materials for the Meeting
This Joint Proxy Statement and a copy of the proxy cards (together, the “Proxy Materials”) are available athttps://www.proxy-direct.com/inv-31339.The Proxy Materials will be available on the internet through the day of the Meeting.
Each Fund will furnish, without charge, a copy of its most recent annual report (and the most recent semiannual report succeeding the annual report, if any) to any shareholder upon request. Any such request should be directed to the Secretary of the respective Fund by calling1-800-341-2929, or by writing to the Secretary of the respective Fund at 11 Greenway Plaza, Suite 1000, Houston, Texas 77046-1173.
Only one copy of this proxy statement will be delivered to multiple shareholders sharing an address unless we have received contrary instructions from one or more of the shareholders. Upon request, we will deliver a separate copy of this proxy statement to a shareholder at a shared address to which a single copy of this proxy statement was delivered. Any shareholder who wishes to receive a separate proxy statement should contact their Fund at1-866-436-0784.
The Proposal
The following table summarizes the proposal concerning trustee elections to be presented at the Meeting and the shareholders entitled to vote (the “Proposal”). The Board unanimously approved the Proposal and recommends that shareholders vote in favor of the Proposal.
Funds | Trustee Nominees for Election | Shareholders Entitled to Vote | ||||
| Proposal 1(a) | VGM, VTA, VTN, VKQ, VMO, VVR, VKI, VCV, VPV, IQI, IIM and OIA | Beth Ann Brown Anthony J. LaCava, Jr. Joel W. Motley Teresa M. Ressel Christopher L. Wilson | Common Shareholders and Preferred Shareholders, voting together | |||
| Proposal 1(b) | VGM, VTA, VTN, VKQ, VMO, VVR, VKI, VCV, VPV, IQI, IIM and OIA | David C. Arch | Preferred Shareholders, voting separately | |||
| Proposal 1(c) | VBF, VLT, IHIT and IHTA | David C. Arch Beth Ann Brown Anthony J. LaCava, Jr. Joel W. Motley Teresa M. Ressel Christopher L. Wilson | Common Shareholders | |||
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Voting at the Meeting
Shareholders of a Fund on the Record Date are entitled to one vote per Share, and a proportional vote for each fractional Share, with respect to the Proposal, with no Share having cumulative voting rights. The voting requirement for the Proposal is described below. A majority of the outstanding Shares of a Fund entitled to vote at the Meeting must be present at the Meeting or represented by proxy to have a quorum for such Fund to conduct business at the Meeting.
Due to the coronavirus outbreak(COVID-19) and to support the health and well-being of the Funds’ shareholders, employees, and community, the Meeting this year will be conducted exclusively online via live webcast. Shareholders may attend the Meeting online by visitinghttp://www.meetingcenter.io/220918472. To participate in the Meeting, shareholders will need to follow the instructions included herein. The password for the Meeting isICEF2020. The Meeting will begin promptly at 2:00 p.m. Central Daylight Time. The Funds encourage you to access the Meeting prior to the start time leaving ample time for the check in. If you experience technical difficulties prior to or during the Meeting, you may call1-800-341-2929 for technical assistance. All shareholders will be required to enter their individual control number in order to enter the Meeting. Only shareholders of the Funds will be able to participate in the Meeting.
Please follow the instructions on your proxy card. If you are a registered shareholder (i.e., you hold your Shares through the Funds’ transfer agent, Computershare Trust Company, N.A. (“Computershare”)), you do not need to register to attend the Meeting virtually online via live webcast. Your individual control number, which is required to enter the Meeting, is included on your proxy card(s) accompanying this Proxy Statement.
If you hold your shares through an intermediary, such as a bank, broker or other custodian (i.e., in “street name”), you must register in advance to access your individual control number in order to attend the Meeting virtually online via live webcast using the instructions below. To register and receive your individual control number to attend the Meeting online, you must submit proof of your proxy power (“legal proxy”) reflecting your holdings in the Fund(s) along with your name and email address to Computershare in accordance with the directions below. Requests for registration must be labeled as “Legal Proxy” and be received no later than August 3, 2020. You will receive a confirmation of your registration and your individual control number by email after Computershare receives your registration information. Requests for registration for the Meeting should be directed to Computershare as follows:
By email:
Forward the email from your broker, or attach an image of your legal proxy, to Shareholdermeetings@computershare.com
By mail:
Computershare Fund Services
Shareholder Meeting/Legal Proxy
P.O. Box 43001
Providence, RI 02940-3001
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You may contact the Funds at1-800-341-2929, Option 2 to obtain information about attending the Meeting virtually.
The Funds do not know of any business other than the Proposal that will, or is proposed to be, presented for consideration at the Meeting. If any other matters are properly presented, the persons named on the enclosed proxy cards shall vote proxies in accordance with their best judgment.
Required Vote
With respect to Proposal 1(a), holders of Common Shares and holders of Preferred Shares of each applicable Fund will vote together as a single class for the respective Nominees. The affirmative vote of a majority of the outstanding Shares of each such Fund present at the Meeting or represented by proxy and entitled to vote is required to elect each Nominee for Trustee of such Fund designated to be elected by the holders of the Common Shares and the holders of Preferred Shares of such Fund, voting together as a single class.
With respect to Proposal 1(b), holders of Preferred Shares of each applicable Fund will vote as a separate class for the Nominee. The affirmative vote of a majority of the outstanding Preferred Shares of each such Fund present at the Meeting or represented by proxy and entitled to vote is required to elect the Nominee for Trustee of such Fund designated to be elected by the holders of Preferred Shares of such Fund, voting as a separate class.
With respect to Proposal 1(c), holders of Common Shares of each applicable Fund will vote for the respective Nominees. The affirmative vote of a majority of the outstanding Common Shares of each such Fund present at the Meeting or represented by proxy and entitled to vote is required to elect each Nominee for Trustee of such Fund designated to be elected by the holders of the Common Shares of such Fund.
All Shares represented by properly executed proxies received prior to the Meeting will be voted at the Meeting in accordance with the instructions marked thereon. Proxies on which no vote is indicated will be voted “FOR” each Nominee as to which they are entitled to be voted. Proxies marked “WITHHOLD” for a Nominee, which is the equivalent of an abstention, will not be voted “FOR” the Nominee, but will be counted for purposes of determining whether a quorum is present, and will therefore have the same effect as a vote against the Nominee.
An unfavorable vote for a Nominee by the shareholders of one Fund will not affect the election of the Nominee by another Fund if the Nominee is elected by the shareholders of the other Fund. An unfavorable vote for a Nominee by the shareholders of a Fund will not affect such Fund’s election of Nominees that receive a favorable vote. There is no cumulative voting with respect to the election of Trustees or any other matter.
BrokerNon-Votes
Brokernon-votes arise when shares are held by brokers or nominees, typically in “street name,” and (i) instructions have not been received from the beneficial owners or persons entitled to vote and (ii) the broker or nominee does not have discretionary voting power on a
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particular matter. Under the rules of the NYSE, brokers may vote in their discretion on the election of trustees of aclosed-end fund. Accordingly, because there are nonon-discretionary items to be voted on at the Meeting, the Funds do not anticipate receiving any brokernon-votes.
Under the rules of the NYSE, beneficial owners who do not provide proxy instructions or who do not return a proxy card may have their Shares voted by their brokers in favor of the Proposal. Broker-dealers and other financial intermediaries who are not members of the NYSE may be subject to other rules, which may or may not permit them to vote your shares without instruction.
We urge you to provide instructions to your broker or nominee to ensure that your votes may be counted.
Revoking a Proxy
Shareholders who execute proxies may revoke them at any time before they are voted by filing a written notice of revocation before the Meeting with the respective Fund, by delivering a duly executed proxy bearing a later date, by attending the Meeting and voting virtually via online webcast, by filing a revocation using any electronic, telephonic, computerized or other alternative means, or by written notice of the death or incapacity of the maker of the proxy received by the Fund prior to the Meeting. Shareholders who wish to vote at the Meeting and who hold their shares in “street name” through a brokerage or similar account should obtain a “legal proxy” from their broker in order to vote at the Meeting and follow the instructions detailed above.
Adjourning the Meeting
With respect to each Fund, the vote of the holders ofone-third of the Shares cast, or the chair of the Meeting in his or her discretion, will have the power to adjourn the Meeting with regard to a particular proposal scheduled to be voted on at the Meeting or to adjourn the Meeting entirely from time to time without notice.
Provided a quorum is present, any business may be transacted at such adjourned meeting that might have been transacted at the Meeting as originally notified. A meeting may be adjourned from time to time without further notice to shareholders to a date not more than 120 days after the original meeting date for such meeting. In voting for the adjournment, the persons named as proxies may vote their proxies in favor of one or more adjournments of the Meeting, or the chair of the Meeting may call an adjournment, provided such persons determine that such adjournment is reasonable and in the best interests of shareholders and the Funds, based on a consideration of such factors as they may deem relevant.
THE BOARD OF EACH FUND UNANIMOUSLY RECOMMENDS THAT YOU CAST YOUR VOTE FOR ALL OF THE NOMINEES IN THE PROPOSAL.
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Investment Adviser of the Funds
The investment adviser for each Fund is Invesco Advisers, Inc. (the “Adviser”). The Adviser is a wholly owned subsidiary of Invesco Ltd. The Adviser is located at 1555 Peachtree Street, N.E., Atlanta, Georgia 30309. The Adviser, as successor in interest to multiple investment advisers, has been an investment adviser since 1976.
Sub-Advisers of the Funds
The Adviser has entered into asub-advisory agreement with certain affiliates to serve assub-advisers to each Fund (except IHIT and IHTA), pursuant to which these affiliatedsub-advisers may be appointed by the Adviser from time to time to provide discretionary investment management services, investment advice, and/or order execution services to the Funds. The affiliatedsub-advisers, each of which is a registered investment adviser under the Investment Advisers Act of 1940 are Invesco Asset Management Deutschland GmbH, Invesco Asset Management Limited, Invesco Asset Management (Japan) Limited, Invesco Hong Kong Limited, Invesco Senior Secured Management, Inc., and Invesco Canada Ltd. (each a “Sub-Adviser” and collectively, the “Sub-Advisers”). EachSub-Adviser is an indirect wholly owned subsidiary of Invesco Ltd.
Other Service Providers of the Funds
Administration Services
Each Fund has entered into a master administrative services agreement with the Adviser, pursuant to which the Adviser performs or arranges for the provision of accounting and other administrative services to each Fund which are not required to be performed by the Adviser under its investment advisory agreement with each Fund. Pursuant to a subcontract for administrative services with the Adviser, State Street Bank and Trust Company performs certain administrative functions for the Funds. State Street Bank and Trust Company is located at 225 Franklin Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02110-2801. Invesco Senior Income Trust has also entered into an additional administration agreement with the Adviser. Each Fund has also entered into a support services agreement with Invesco Investment Services, Inc. The principal business address of Invesco Investment Services, Inc. is 11 Greenway Plaza, Suite 1000, Houston, Texas 77046-1173.
Custodian and Transfer Agent
The custodian for each Fund is State Street Bank and Trust Company, located at 225 Franklin Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02110-2801. The transfer agent for each Fund is Computershare Trust Company, N.A., located at 150 Royall Street, Canton, MA 02021.
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THE PROPOSAL:
ELECTION OF TRUSTEES
With respect to each of Invesco Bond Fund, Invesco High Income 2023 Target Term Fund, Invesco High Income 2024 Target Term Fund, and Invesco High Income Trust II, holders of Common Shares will vote with respect to the election of David C. Arch, Beth Ann Brown, Anthony J. LaCava, Jr., Joel W. Motley, Teresa M. Ressel and Christopher L. Wilson.
With respect to each of Invesco Advantage Municipal Income Trust II, Invesco California Value Municipal Income Trust, Invesco Dynamic Credit Opportunities Fund, Invesco Municipal Opportunity Trust, Invesco Municipal Trust, Invesco Pennsylvania Value Municipal Income Trust, Invesco Quality Municipal Income Trust, Invesco Senior Income Trust, Invesco Trust for Investment Grade Municipals, Invesco Trust for Investment Grade New York Municipals, Invesco Value Municipal Income Trust and Invesco Municipal Income Opportunities Trust, holders of Preferred Shares, voting as a separate class, will vote with respect to the election of David C. Arch. Holders of Common Shares and holders of Preferred Shares of each of these Funds will vote together with respect to the election of Beth Ann Brown, Anthony J. LaCava, Jr., Joel W. Motley, Teresa M. Ressel and Christopher L. Wilson.
All Nominees have consented to being named in this Joint Proxy Statement and have agreed to serve if elected.
If elected, each Trustee will serve until the later of such Fund’s Annual Meeting of Shareholders in 2023 or until his or her successor has been duly elected and qualified. As in the past, only one class of Trustees is being submitted to shareholders of each Fund for election at the Meeting. Each Fund’s Amended and Restated Agreement and Declaration of Trust (each, a “Declaration of Trust”) provides that the Board shall be divided into three classes. For each Fund, only one class of Trustees is elected at each annual meeting, so that the regular term of only one class of Trustees will expire annually and any particular Trustee stands for election only once in each three-year period. The foregoing is subject to the provisions of the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the “1940 Act”), applicable Delaware state law, each Fund’s Declaration of Trust and each Fund’s Bylaws.
In the case of any vacancy on the Board, each Fund’s Declaration of Trust provides that the remaining Trustees may fill such vacancy by appointing a replacement to serve for the remainder of the term or reduce the size of the Board. In the case of a vacancy of a Preferred Shares Trustee, the remaining Trustees may designate a Trustee to serve as a “Preferred Shares Trustee” for the remainder of the term.
With the exception of the Preferred Shares Trustee, the class of Trustees up for election in any given year is the same for each Fund.
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The following table indicates all current Trustees in each such class and the period for which each class currently serves:
Class I1 | Class II2 | Class III3 | ||
Cynthia Hostetler | David C. Arch | Bruce L. Crockett | ||
Eli Jones | Beth Ann Brown | Jack M. Fields | ||
Prema Mathai-Davis | Anthony J. LaCava, Jr. | Martin L. Flanagan | ||
Ann Barnett Stern | Joel W. Motley | Elizabeth Krentzman | ||
Daniel S. Vandivort | Teresa M. Ressel | Robert C. Troccoli | ||
Christopher L. Wilson | James D. Vaughn |
| 1 | Serving until the 2022 Annual Meeting or until their successors have been duly elected and qualified. |
| 2 | Currently up for election at the Meeting. |
| 3 | Serving until the 2021 Annual Meeting or until their successors have been duly elected and qualified. |
Information Regarding the Trustees
The business and affairs of the Funds are managed under the direction of the Board. This section of this Joint Proxy Statement provides you with information regarding each incumbent Trustee that is proposed to serve on the Board. Trustees of the Funds generally serve three-year terms or until their successors are duly elected and qualified. The tables below list the Trustees, their principal occupations, other directorships held by them during the past five years, and any affiliations with the Adviser or its affiliates. If all of the Trustees are elected, the Board will be composed of 17 Trustees, including 16 Trustees who are not “interested persons” of the Funds, as that term is defined in the 1940 Act (collectively, the “Independent Trustees” and each an “Independent Trustee”).
As used in this Proxy Statement, the term “Invesco Fund Complex” includes each of theopen-end andclosed-end registered investment companies advised primarily by the Adviser as of the Record Date. As of the date of this Joint Proxy Statement, there were 202 funds in the Invesco Fund Complex.
The mailing address of each Trustee is 11 Greenway Plaza, Suite 1000, Houston, Texas 77046-1173.
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Name, Year of Birth and Position(s) Held with the Fund | Trustee Since | Principal During Past 5 Years | Number of | Other | ||||
Interested Trustee: | ||||||||
Martin L. Flanagan(1) — 1960 Trustee and Vice Chair | † | Executive Director, Chief Executive Officer and President, Invesco Ltd. (ultimate parent of Invesco and a global investment management firm); Trustee and Vice Chair, The Invesco Funds; Vice Chair, Investment Company Institute; and Member of Executive Board, SMU Cox School of Business
Formerly: Advisor to the Board, Invesco Advisers, Inc. (formerly known as Invesco Institutional (N.A.), Inc.); Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, Invesco Advisers, Inc. (registered investment adviser); Director, Chairman, Chief Executive Officer and President, Invesco Holding Company (US), Inc. (formerly IVZ Inc.) (holding company), Invesco Group Services, Inc. (service provider) and Invesco North American Holdings, Inc. (holding company); Director, Chief Executive Officer and President, Invesco Holding Company Limited (parent of Invesco and a global investment management firm); Director, Invesco Ltd.; Chairman, Investment Company Institute and President,Co-Chief Executive Officer,Co-President, Chief Operating Officer and Chief Financial Officer, Franklin Resources, Inc. (global investment management organization) | 202 | None | ||||
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Name, Year of Birth and Position(s) Held with the Fund | Trustee Since | Principal During Past 5 Years | Number of | Other | ||||
Independent Trustees | ||||||||
Bruce L. Crockett — 1944 Trustee and Chair | † | Chairman, Crockett Technologies Associates (technology consulting company)
Formerly: Director, Captaris (unified messaging provider); Director, President and Chief Executive Officer, COMSAT Corporation; Chairman, Board of Governors of INTELSAT (international communications company); ACE Limited (insurance company); Independent Directors Council and Investment Company Institute: Member of the Audit Committee, Investment Company Institute; Member of the Executive Committee and Chair of the Governance Committee, Independent Directors Council | 202 | Director and Chairman of the Audit Committee, ALPS (Attorneys Liability Protection Society) (insurance company); Director and Member of the Audit Committee and Compensation Committee, Ferroglobe PLC (metallurgical company) | ||||
David C. Arch — 1945 Trustee | † | Chairman of Blistex Inc. (consumer health care products manufacturer); Member, World Presidents’ Organization | 202 | Board member of the Illinois Manufacturers’ Association | ||||
Beth Ann Brown — 1968 Trustee | † | Independent Consultant
Formerly: Head of Intermediary Distribution, Managing Director, Strategic Relations, Managing Director, Head of National Accounts, Senior Vice President, National Account Manager and Senior Vice President, Key Account Manager, Columbia Management Investment Advisers LLC; Vice President, Key Account Manager, Liberty Funds Distributor, Inc.; and Trustee of certain Oppenheimer Funds | 202 | Director, Board of Directors of Caron Engineering Inc.; Advisor, Board of Advisors of Caron Engineering Inc.; President and Director, Acton Shapleigh Youth Conservation Corps(non-profit); and President and Director of Grahamtastic Connection(non-profit) | ||||
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Name, Year of Birth and Position(s) Held with the Fund | Trustee Since | Principal During Past 5 Years | Number of | Other | ||||
Jack M. Fields — 1952 Trustee | † | Chief Executive Officer, Twenty First Century Group, Inc. (government affairs company); and Chairman, Discovery Learning Alliance(non-profit)
Formerly: Owner and Chief Executive Officer, Dos Angeles Ranch L.P. (cattle, hunting, corporate entertainment); Director, Insperity, Inc. (formerly known as Administaff) (human resources provider); Chief Executive Officer, Texana Timber LP (sustainable forestry company); Director of Cross Timbers Quail Research Ranch(non-profit); and member of the U.S. House of Representatives | 202 | Member, Board of Directors of Baylor College of Medicine | ||||
Cynthia Hostetler — 1962 Trustee | † | Non-Executive Director and Trustee of a number of public and private business corporations
Formerly: Director, Aberdeen Investment Funds (4 portfolios); Head of Investment Funds and Private Equity, Overseas Private Investment Corporation; President, First Manhattan Bancorporation, Inc.; Attorney, Simpson Thacher & Bartlett LLP | 202 | Vulcan Materials Company (construction materials company); Trilinc Global Impact Fund; Genesee & Wyoming, Inc. (railroads); Artio Global Investment LLC (mutual fund complex); Edgen Group, Inc. (specialized energy and infrastructure products distributor); Investment Company Institute (professional organization); Independent Directors Council (professional organization) | ||||
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Name, Year of Birth and Position(s) Held with the Fund | Trustee Since | Principal During Past 5 Years | Number of | Other | ||||
Eli Jones — 1961 Trustee | † | Professor and Dean, Mays Business School—Texas A&M University
Formerly: Professor and Dean, Walton College of Business, University of Arkansas and E.J. Ourso College of Business, Louisiana State University; Director, Arvest Bank | 202 | Insperity, Inc. (formerly known as Administaff) (human resources provider) | ||||
Elizabeth Krentzman — 1959 Trustee | Formerly: Principal and Chief Regulatory Advisor for Asset Management Services and U.S. Mutual Fund Leader of Deloitte & Touche LLP; General Counsel of the Investment Company Institute (trade association); National Director of the Investment Management Regulatory Consulting Practice, Principal, Director and Senior Manager of Deloitte & Touche LLP; Assistant Director of the Division of Investment Management – Office of Disclosure and Investment Adviser Regulation of the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission and various positions with the Division of Investment Management – Office of Regulator Policy of the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission; Associate at Ropes & Gray LLP; and Trustee of certain Oppenheimer Funds | 202 | Trustee of the University of Florida National Board Foundation; Member of the Cartica Funds Board of Directors (private investment funds); Member of the University of Florida Law Center Association, Inc. Board of Trustees and Audit Committee Member | |||||
Anthony J. LaCava — 1956 Trustee | † | Formerly: Director and Member of the Audit Committee, Blue Hills Bank (publicly traded financial institution) and Managing Partner, KPMG LLP | 202 | Blue Hills Bank; Chairman, Bentley University; Member, Business School Advisory Council; and Nominating Committee, KPMG LLP | ||||
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Name, Year of Birth and Position(s) Held with the Fund | Trustee Since | Principal During Past 5 Years | Number of | Other | ||||
Prema Mathai-Davis — 1950 Trustee | † | Retired.
Formerly:Co-Owner & Partner of Quantalytics Research, LLC (a FinTech Investment Research Platform for the Self-Directed Investor) | 202 | None | ||||
Joel W. Motley — 1952 Trustee | † | Director of Office of Finance, Federal Home Loan Bank System; Member of the Vestry of Trinity Wall Street; Managing Director of Carmona Motley Inc. (privately held financial advisor); Member of the Council on Foreign Relations and its Finance and Budget Committee; Chairman Emeritus of Board of Human Rights Watch and Member of its Investment Committee; and Member of Investment Committee and Board of Historic Hudson Valley(non-profit cultural organization)
Formerly: Managing Director of Public Capital Advisors, LLC (privately held financial advisor); Managing Director of Carmona Motley Hoffman, Inc. (privately held financial advisor); Trustee of certain Oppenheimer Funds; and Director of Columbia Equity Financial Corp. (privately held financial advisor) | 202 | Member of Board of Greenwall Foundation (bioethics research foundation) and its Investment Committee; Member of Board of Friends of the LRC(non-profit legal advocacy); Board Member and Investment Committee Member of Pulitzer Center for Crisis Reporting(non-profit journalism) | ||||
Teresa M. Ressel — 1962 Trustee | † | Non-executive director and trustee of a number of public and private business corporations
Formerly: Chief Financial Officer, Olayan America, The | 202 | Atlantic Power Corporation (power generation company); ON Semiconductor Corp. | ||||
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Name, Year of Birth and Position(s) Held with the Fund | Trustee Since | Principal During Past 5 Years | Number of | Other | ||||
| Olayan Group (international investor/commercial/industrial); Chief Executive Officer, UBS Securities LLC; Group Chief Operating Officer, Americas, UBS AG; Assistant Secretary for Management & Budget and CFO, US Department of the Treasury | (semiconductor supplier) | |||||||
Ann Barnett Stern — 1957 Trustee | † | President and Chief Executive Officer, Houston Endowment Inc. (private philanthropic institution)
Formerly: Executive Vice President and General Counsel, Texas Children’s Hospital; Attorney, Beck, Redden and Secrest, LLP; Business Law Instructor, University of St. Thomas; Attorney, Andrews & Kurth LLP, Federal Reserve Bank of Dallas | 202 | None | ||||
Robert C. Troccoli — 1949 Trustee | † | Retired
Formerly: Adjunct Professor, University of Denver – Daniels College of Business; Senior Partner, KPMG LLP | 202 | None | ||||
Daniel S. Vandivort — 1954 Trustee | † | Treasurer, Chairman of the Audit and Finance Committee, and Trustee, Board of Trustees, Huntington Disease Foundation of America; and President, Flyway Advisory Services LLC (consulting and property management)
Former: Trustee and Governance Chair, of certain Oppenheimer Funds | 202 | Chairman and Lead Independent Director, Chairman of the Audit Committee, and Director, Board of Directors, Value Line Funds | ||||
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Name, Year of Birth and Position(s) Held with the Fund | Trustee Since | Principal During Past 5 Years | Number of | Other | ||||
James D. Vaughn — 1945 Trustee | † | Retired
Formerly: Managing Partner, Deloitte & Touche LLP; Trustee and Chairman of the Audit Committee Schroder Funds; Board Member, Mile High United Way, Boys and Girls Clubs, Boy Scouts, Colorado Business Committee for the Arts, Economic Club of Colorado and Metro Denver Network (economic development corporation); and Trustee of certain Oppenheimer Funds | �� | 202 | Board member and Chairman of Audit Committee of AMG National Trust Bank; Trustee and Investment Committee member, University of South Dakota Foundation; Board member, Audit Committee Member and past Board Chair, Junior Achievement(non-profit) | |||
Christopher L. Wilson — 1957 Trustee, Vice Chair and Chair Designate | † | Retired
Formerly: Director, TD Asset Management USA Inc. (mutual fund complex) (22 portfolios); Managing Partner, CT2, LLC (investing and consulting firm); President/Chief Executive Officer, Columbia Funds, Bank of America Corporation; President/Chief Executive Officer, CDC IXIS Asset Management Services, Inc.; Principal & Director of Operations, Scudder Funds, Scudder, Stevens & Clark, Inc.; Assistant Vice President, Fidelity Investments | 202 | ISO New England, Inc.(non-profit organization managing regional electricity market) | ||||
| (1) | Mr. Flanagan is considered an interested person (within the meaning of the Section 2(a)(19) of the 1940 Act) of the Funds because he is an officer of the Adviser, and an officer and a director of Invesco Ltd., the ultimate parent of the Adviser. |
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| † | Each Trustee generally serves a three-year term from the date of election. Each Trustee currently serving on the Board has served as a Trustee of each respective Fund since the year shown below: |
| Flanagan | Crockett | Arch | Brown | Fields | Hostetler | Jones | Krentzman | |||||||||
VKI | 2014 | 2014 | 1993 | 2019 | 2014 | 2017 | 2016 | 2019 | ||||||||
VBF | 2014 | 2014 | 1997 | 2019 | 2014 | 2017 | 2016 | 2019 | ||||||||
VCV | 2014 | 2014 | 1993 | 2019 | 2014 | 2017 | 2016 | 2019 | ||||||||
VTA | 2014 | 2014 | 2007 | 2019 | 2014 | 2017 | 2016 | 2019 | ||||||||
IHIT | 2016 | 2016 | 2016 | 2019 | 2016 | 2017 | 2016 | 2019 | ||||||||
IHTA | 2017 | 2017 | 2017 | 2019 | 2017 | 2017 | 2017 | 2019 | ||||||||
VLT | 2014 | 2014 | 1989 | 2019 | 2014 | 2017 | 2016 | 2019 | ||||||||
OIA | 2010 | 2010 | 2010 | 2019 | 2010 | 2017 | 2016 | 2019 | ||||||||
VMO | 2014 | 2014 | 1992 | 2019 | 2014 | 2017 | 2016 | 2019 | ||||||||
VKQ | 2014 | 2014 | 1991 | 2019 | 2014 | 2017 | 2016 | 2019 | ||||||||
VPV | 2014 | 2014 | 1993 | 2019 | 2014 | 2017 | 2016 | 2019 | ||||||||
IQI | 2010 | 2010 | 2010 | 2019 | 2010 | 2017 | 2016 | 2019 | ||||||||
VVR | 2014 | 2014 | 1998 | 2019 | 2014 | 2017 | 2016 | 2019 | ||||||||
VGM | 2014 | 2014 | 1991 | 2019 | 2014 | 2017 | 2016 | 2019 | ||||||||
VTN | 2014 | 2014 | 1992 | 2019 | 2014 | 2017 | 2016 | 2019 | ||||||||
IIM | 2010 | 2010 | 2010 | 2019 | 2010 | 2017 | 2016 | 2019 |
| LaCava | Mathai- Davis | Motley | Ressel | Stern | Troccoli | Vaughn | Vandivort | Wilson | ||||||||||
VKI | 2019 | 2014 | 2019 | 2017 | 2017 | 2016 | 2019 | 2019 | 2017 | |||||||||
VBF | 2019 | 2014 | 2019 | 2017 | 2017 | 2016 | 2019 | 2019 | 2017 | |||||||||
VCV | 2019 | 2014 | 2019 | 2017 | 2017 | 2016 | 2019 | 2019 | 2017 | |||||||||
VTA | 2019 | 2014 | 2019 | 2017 | 2017 | 2016 | 2019 | 2019 | 2017 | |||||||||
IHIT | 2019 | 2016 | 2019 | 2017 | 2017 | 2016 | 2019 | 2019 | 2017 | |||||||||
IHTA | 2019 | 2017 | 2019 | 2017 | 2017 | 2017 | 2019 | 2019 | 2017 | |||||||||
VLT | 2019 | 2014 | 2019 | 2017 | 2017 | 2016 | 2019 | 2019 | 2017 | |||||||||
OIA | 2019 | 2010 | 2019 | 2017 | 2017 | 2016 | 2019 | 2019 | 2017 | |||||||||
VMO | 2019 | 2014 | 2019 | 2017 | 2017 | 2016 | 2019 | 2019 | 2017 | |||||||||
VKQ | 2019 | 2014 | 2019 | 2017 | 2017 | 2016 | 2019 | 2019 | 2017 | |||||||||
VPV | 2019 | 2014 | 2019 | 2017 | 2017 | 2016 | 2019 | 2019 | 2017 | |||||||||
IQI | 2019 | 2010 | 2019 | 2017 | 2017 | 2016 | 2019 | 2019 | 2017 | |||||||||
VVR | 2019 | 2014 | 2019 | 2017 | 2017 | 2016 | 2019 | 2019 | 2017 | |||||||||
VGM | 2019 | 2014 | 2019 | 2017 | 2017 | 2016 | 2019 | 2019 | 2017 | |||||||||
VTN | 2019 | 2014 | 2019 | 2017 | 2017 | 2016 | 2019 | 2019 | 2017 | |||||||||
IIM | 2019 | 2010 | 2019 | 2017 | 2017 | 2016 | 2019 | 2019 | 2017 |
Board Meetings
In addition to regularly scheduled meetings each year, the Board holds special meetings and/or conference calls to discuss specific matters that may require action prior to the next regular meeting. The Board met ten times during the fiscal year ended February 29, 2020 and each independent Trustee attended at least 75% of the aggregate of: (i) all regular meetings of the Board during which time such independent Trustee served and (ii) all meetings of the committees of the Board on which the Trustee served. Trustees are encouraged to attend regular shareholder meetings, but the Board has no set policy requiring Board member attendance at such meetings.
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Board Leadership Structure
The Board has appointed an Independent Trustee to serve in the role of Chairman. The Chairman’s primary role is to preside at meetings of the Board and act as a liaison with the Adviser and other service providers, officers (including the Senior Officer of each Fund), attorneys and other Trustees between meetings. The Chairman also participates in the preparation of the agenda for the meetings of the Board, is active with mutual fund industry organizations, and may perform such other functions as may be requested by the Board from time to time. Except for any duties specified pursuant to each Fund’s Declaration of Trust or Bylaws, the designation of Chairman does not impose on such Independent Trustee any duties, obligations or liability that is greater than the duties, obligations or liability imposed on such person as a member of the Board generally.
The Board believes that its leadership structure, including having an Independent Trustee as Chairman, allows for effective communication between the Trustees and management, among the Trustees and among the Independent Trustees. The existing Board structure, including its committee structure as discussed below, provides the Independent Trustees with effective control over Board governance while also allowing them to receive and benefit from insight from the interested Trustee who is an active officer of the Funds’ investment adviser. The Board’s leadership structure promotes dialogue and debate, which the Board believes allows for the proper consideration of matters deemed important to the Funds and their shareholders and results in effective decision-making.
Board Qualifications and Experience
Interested Trustee.
Martin L. Flanagan, Trustee and Vice Chair
Martin L. Flanagan has been a member of the Board of Trustees and Vice Chair of the Invesco Funds since 2007. Mr. Flanagan is president and chief executive officer of Invesco Ltd., a position he has held since August 2005. He is also a member of the Board of Directors of Invesco Ltd.
Mr. Flanagan joined Invesco, Ltd. from Franklin Resources, Inc., where he was president andco-chief executive officer from January 2004 to July 2005. Previously he had been Franklin’sco-president from May 2003 to January 2004, chief operating officer and chief financial officer from November 1999 to May 2003, and senior vice president and chief financial officer from 1993 until November 1999.
Mr. Flanagan served as director, executive vice president and chief operating officer of Templeton, Galbraith & Hansberger, Ltd. before its acquisition by Franklin in 1992. Before joining Templeton in 1983, he worked with Arthur Andersen & Co.
Mr. Flanagan is a chartered financial analyst and a certified public accountant. He serves as vice chairman of the Investment Company Institute and a member of the executive board at the SMU Cox School of Business.
The Board believes that Mr. Flanagan’s long experience as an executive in the investment management area benefits the Funds.
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Independent Trustees.
Bruce L. Crockett, Trustee and Chair
Bruce L. Crockett has been a member of the Board of Trustees of the Invesco Funds since 1978, and has served as Independent Chair of the Board of Trustees and their predecessor funds since 2004.
Mr. Crockett has more than 30 years of experience in finance and general management in the banking, aerospace and telecommunications industries. From 1992 to 1996, he served as president, chief executive officer and a director of COMSAT Corporation, an international satellite and wireless telecommunications company.
Mr. Crockett has also served, since 1996, as chairman of Crockett Technologies Associates, a strategic consulting firm that provides services to the information technology and communications industries. Mr. Crockett also serves on the Board of ALPS (Attorneys Liability Protection Society) and Ferroglobe PLC (metallurgical company) and he is a life trustee of the University of Rochester Board of Trustees. He is a member of the Audit Committee of Ferroglobe PLC.
The Board of Trustees elected Mr. Crockett to serve as its Independent Chair because of his extensive experience in managing public companies and familiarity with investment companies.
David C. Arch, Trustee
David C. Arch has been a member of the Board of Trustees of the Invesco Funds and their predecessor funds since 2010. From 1984 to 2010, Mr. Arch served as Director or Trustee of investment companies in the Van Kampen Funds complex.
Mr. Arch is the Chairman of Blistex Inc., a consumer health care products manufacturer. Mr. Arch is a member of the Board of the Illinois Manufacturers’ Association and a member of the World Presidents’ Organization.
The Board believes that Mr. Arch’s experience as the CEO of a public company and his experience with investment companies benefits the Funds.
Beth Ann Brown, Trustee
Beth Ann Brown has been a member of the Board of Trustees of the Invesco Funds since 2019. From 2016 to 2019, Ms. Brown served on the boards of certain investment companies in the Oppenheimer Funds complex.
Ms. Brown has served as Director of Caron Engineering, Inc. since 2018 and as an Independent Consultant since September 2012. Since 2013, she has also served as Director, Vice President (through 2019) and President (since 2019) of Grahamtastic Connection, anon-profit organization.
Previously, Ms. Brown served in various capacities at Columbia Management Investment Advisers LLC, including Head of Intermediary Distribution, Managing Director,
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Strategic Relations and Managing Director, Head of National Accounts. She also served as Senior Vice President, National Account Manager from 2002-2004 and Senior Vice President, Key Account Manager from 1999 to 2002 of Liberty Funds Distributor, Inc.
From 2014 and 2017, Ms. Brown served on the Board of Advisors of Caron Engineering Inc. and also served as President and Director of Acton Shapleigh Youth Conservation Corps, a non–profit organization, from 2012 to 2015.
The Board believes that Ms. Brown’s experience in financial services and investment management and as a director of other investment companies benefits the Funds.
Jack M. Fields, Trustee
Jack M. Fields has been a member of the Board of Trustees of the Invesco Funds since 1997.
Mr. Fields served as a member of Congress, representing the 8th Congressional District of Texas from 1980 to 1997. As a member of Congress, Mr. Fields served as Chairman of the House Telecommunications and Finance Subcommittee, which has jurisdiction and oversight of the Federal Communications Commission and the SEC. Mr. Fieldsco-sponsored the National Securities Markets Improvements Act of 1996, and played a leadership role in enactment of the Securities Litigation Reform Act.
Mr. Fields currently serves as Chief Executive Officer of the Twenty-First Century Group, Inc. in Washington, D.C., a bipartisan Washington consulting firm specializing in Federal government affairs. He is also a member of the Board of Directors of Baylor College of Medicine.
Mr. Fields also served as a Director of Insperity, Inc. (formerly known as Administaff), a premier professional employer organization with clients nationwide until 2015. In addition, Mr. Fields serves as Chairman and sits on the Board of Discovery Learning Alliance, a nonprofit organization dedicated to providing educational resources to people in need around the world through the use of technology.
The Board believes that Mr. Fields’ experience in the House of Representatives, especially concerning regulation of the securities markets, benefits the Funds.
Cynthia Hostetler, Trustee
Cynthia Hostetler has been a member of the Board of Trustees of the Invesco Funds since 2017.
Ms. Hostetler is currently a member of the board of directors of the Vulcan Materials Company, a public company engaged in the production and distribution of construction materials, Trilinc Global Impact Fund LLC, a publicly registerednon-traded limited liability company that invests in a diversified portfolio of private debt instruments, and Genesee & Wyoming, Inc., a public company that owns and operates railroads worldwide. Ms. Hostetler also serves on the board of governors of the Investment Company Institute and is a member of the governing council of the Independent Directors Council, both of which are professional organizations in the investment management industry.
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Previously, Ms. Hostetler served as a member of the board of directors/trustees of Aberdeen Investment Funds, a mutual fund complex, and Edgen Group Inc., a public company that provides products and services to energy and construction companies, from 2012 to 2013, prior to its sale to Sumitomo.
From 2001 to 2009, Ms. Hostetler served as Head of Investment Funds and Private Equity at Overseas Private Investment Corporation (“OPIC”), a government agency that supports US investment in the emerging markets. Ms. Hostetler oversaw a multi-billion dollar investment portfolio in private equity funds. Prior to joining OPIC, Ms. Hostetler served as President and member of the board of directors of First Manhattan Bancorporation, a bank holding company, and its largest subsidiary, First Savings Bank, from 1991 to 2001.
The Board believes that Ms. Hostetler’s knowledge of financial services and investment management, her experience as a director of other companies, including a mutual fund complex, her legal background, and other professional experience gained through her prior employment benefit the Funds.
Dr. Eli Jones, Trustee
Dr. Eli Jones has been a member of the Board of Trustees of the Invesco Funds since 2016.
Dr. Jones is the dean of the Mays Business School at Texas A&M University and holder of the Peggy Pitman Mays Eminent Scholar Chair in Business. Dr. Jones has served as a director of Insperity, Inc. since April 2004 and is chair of the Compensation Committee and a member of the Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee. Prior to his current position, from 2012-2015, Dr. Jones was the dean of the Sam M. Walton College of Business at the University of Arkansas and holder of the Sam M. Walton Leadership Chair in Business. Prior to joining the faculty at the University of Arkansas, he was dean of the E. J. Ourso College of Business and Ourso Distinguished Professor of Business at Louisiana State University from 2008 to 2012; professor of marketing and associate dean at the C.T. Bauer College of Business at the University of Houston from 2007 to 2008; an associate professor of marketing from 2002 to 2007; and an assistant professor from 1997 until 2002. He taught at Texas A&M University for several years before joining the faculty of the University of Houston.
Dr. Jones served as the executive director of the Program for Excellence in Selling and the Sales Excellence Institute at the University of Houston from 1997 to 2007. Before becoming a professor, he worked in sales and sales management for three Fortune 100 companies: Quaker Oats, Nabisco, andFrito-Lay. Dr. Jones is a past director of Arvest Bank. He received his Bachelor of Science degree in journalism in 1982, his MBA in 1986 and his Ph.D. in 1997, all from Texas A&M University.
The Board believes that Dr. Jones’ experience in academia and his experience in marketing benefits the Funds.
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Elizabeth Krentzman, Trustee
Elizabeth Krentzman has been a member of the Board of Trustees of the Invesco Funds since 2019. From 2014 to 2019, Ms. Krentzman served on the boards of certain investment companies in the Oppenheimer Funds complex.
Ms. Krentzman currently serves as a member of the Board of Trustees of the University of Florida National Board Foundation. She is a member of the Cartica Funds Board of Directors (private investment funds). Ms. Krentzman is also a member of the Board of Trustees and Audit Committee of the University of Florida Law Center Association, Inc.
Previously, Ms. Krentzman served as a member of the Audit Committee of the University of Florida National Board Foundation. Ms. Krentzman served from 1997 to 2004 and from 2007 and 2014 in various capacities at Deloitte & Touche LLP, including Principal and Chief Regulatory Advisor for Asset Management Services, U.S. Mutual Fund Leader and National Director of the Investment Management Regulatory Consulting Practice. She served as General Counsel of the Investment Company Institute from 2004 to 2007.
From 1996 to 1997, Ms. Krentzman served as an Assistant Director of the Division of Investment Management—Office of Disclosure and Investment Adviser Regulation of the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission. She also served from 1987 to 1996 in various positions with the Division of Investment Management – Office of Regulatory Policy of the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission and as an Associate at Ropes & Gray LLP.
The Board believes that Ms. Krentzman’s legal background, experience in financial services and accounting and as a director of other investment companies benefits the Funds.
Anthony J. LaCava, Jr., Trustee
Anthony J. LaCava, Jr. has been a member of the Board of Trustees of the Invesco Funds since 2019.
Previously, Mr. LaCava served as a member of the board of directors and as a member of the audit committee of Blue Hills Bank, a publicly traded financial institution.
Mr. LaCava retired after a37-year career with KPMG LLP (“KPMG”) where he served as senior partner for a wide range of firm clients across the retail, financial services, consumer markets, real estate, manufacturing, health care and technology industries. From 2005 to 2013, Mr. LaCava served as a member of the board of directors of KPMG and chair of the board’s audit and finance committee and nominating committee. He also previously served as Regional Managing Partner from 2009 through 2012 and Managing Partner of KPMG’s New England practice.
Mr. LaCava currently serves as Chairman of the Business Advisory Council of Bentley University and as a member of American College of Corporate Directors and Board Leaders, Inc.
The Board believes that Mr. LaCava’s experience in audit and financial services benefits the Funds.
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Dr. Prema Mathai-Davis, Trustee
Dr. Prema Mathai-Davis has been a member of the Board of Trustees of the Invesco Funds since 1998.
Previously, Dr. Mathai-Davis served asco-founder and partner of Quantalytics Research, LLC, (a FinTech Investment Research Platform).
Prior to her retirement in 2000, Dr. Mathai-Davis served as Chief Executive Officer of the YWCA of the USA. Prior to joining the YWCA, Dr. Mathai-Davis served as the Commissioner of the New York City Department for the Aging. She was a Commissioner of the Metropolitan Transportation Authority of New York, the largest regional transportation network in the U.S. Dr. Mathai-Davis also serves as a Trustee of the YWCA Retirement Fund, the first and oldest pension fund for women, and on the advisory board of the Johns Hopkins Bioethics Institute. Dr. Mathai-Davis was the president and chief executive officer of the Community Agency for Senior Citizens, anon-profit social service agency that she established in 1981. She also directed the Mt. Sinai School of Medicine-Hunter College Long-Term Care Gerontology Center, one of the first of its kind.
The Board believes that Dr. Mathai-Davis’ extensive experience in running public and charitable institutions benefits the Funds.
Joel W. Motley, Trustee
Joel W. Motley has been a member of the Board of Trustees of the Invesco Funds since 2019. From 2002 to 2019, Mr. Motley served on the boards of certain investment companies in the Oppenheimer Funds complex.
Since 2016, Mr. Motley has served as an independent director of the Office of Finance of the Federal Home Loan Bank System. He has been a member of the Vestry of Trinity Wall Street since 2011 and has served as Managing Director of Carmona Motley, Inc., a privately-held financial advisory firm, since January 2002.
Mr. Motley also serves as a member of the Council on Foreign Relations and its Finance and Budget Committee. He is a member of the Investment Committee and is Chairman Emeritus of the Board of Human Rights Watch and a member of the Investment Committee and the Board of Historic Hudson Valley, anon-profit cultural organization.
Since 2011, he has served as a Board Member and Investment Committee Member of the Pulitzer Center for Crisis Reporting, anon-profit journalism organization. Mr. Motley also serves as Director and member of the Board and Investment Committee of The Greenwall Foundation, a bioethics research foundation, and as a Director of Friends of the LRC, a South Africa legal services foundation.
Previously, Mr. Motley served as Managing Director of Public Capital Advisors, LLC, a privately held financial advisory firm, from 2006 to 2017. He also served as Managing Director of Carmona Motley Hoffman Inc. a privately-held financial advisor, and served as a Director of Columbia Equity Financial Corp., a privately-held financial advisor, from 2002 to 2007.
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The Board believes that Mr. Motley’s experience in financial services and as a director of other investment companies benefits the Funds.
Teresa M. Ressel, Trustee
Teresa M. Ressel has been a member of the Board of Trustees of the Invesco Funds since 2017.
Ms. Ressel has previously served across both the private sector and the U.S. government. Formerly, Ms. Ressel served from 2004 to 2012 in various capacities at UBS AG, including most recently as Chief Executive Officer of UBS Securities LLC, a broker-dealer division of UBS Investment Bank, and Group Chief Operating Officer of the Americas group at UBS AG. In these roles, Ms. Ressel managed a broad array of operational risk controls, supervisory control, regulatory, compliance, and logistics functions covering the United States and Canada, as well as banking activities covering the Americas.
Between 2001 and 2004, Ms. Ressel served at the U.S. Treasury first as Deputy Assistant Secretary for Management and Budget and then as Assistant Secretary for Management and Chief Financial Officer. Ms. Ressel was confirmed by the U.S. Senate and handles a broad array of management duties including finance & accounting, operational risk, audit and performance measurement along with information technology and infrastructure security.
Ms. Ressel currently serves as a member of the board of directors and as a member of the audit committee of ON Semiconductor Corporation, a publicly traded technology company and a leading supplier of semiconductor-based solutions, many of which reduce global energy use. She has served on the ON Semiconductor board since 2012.
From 2014 to 2017, Ms. Ressel also served on the board of directors at Atlantic Power Corporation, a publicly traded company which owns and operates a diverse fleet of power generation across the United States and Canada.
The Board believes that Ms. Ressel’s risk management and financial experience in both the private and public sectors benefits the Funds.
Ann Barnett Stern, Trustee
Ann Barnett Stern has been a member of the Board of Trustees of the Invesco Funds since 2017.
Ms. Stern is currently the President and Chief Executive Officer of Houston Endowment Inc., a private philanthropic institution. She has served in this capacity since 2012. Formerly, Ms. Stern served in various capacities at Texas Children’s Hospital from 2003 to 2012, including General Counsel and Executive Vice President.
Previously, Ms. Stern served as a member of the Dallas Board of the Federal Reserve Bank of Dallas, from 2013 through 2018.
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The Board believes that Ms. Stern’s knowledge of financial services and investment management and her experience as a director, and other professional experience gained through her prior employment benefit the Funds.
Robert C. Troccoli, Trustee
Robert C. Troccoli has been a member of the Board of Trustees of the Invesco Funds since 2016.
Mr. Troccoli retired in 2010 after a39-year career with KPMG LLP. From 2013 to 2017, he was an adjunct professor at the University of Denver’s Daniels College of Business.
Mr. Troccoli’s leadership roles during his career with KPMG included managing partner and partner in charge of the Denver office’s Financial Services Practice. He served regulated investment companies, investment advisors, private partnerships, private equity funds, sovereign wealth funds, and financial services companies. Toward the end of his career, Mr. Troccoli was a founding member of KPMG’s Private Equity Group in New York City, where he served private equity firms and sovereign wealth funds. Mr. Troccoli also served mutual fund clients along with several large private equity firms as Global Lead Partner of KPMG’s Private Equity Group.
The Board believes that Mr. Troccoli’s experience as a partner in a large accounting firm and his knowledge of investment companies, investment advisors, and private equity firms benefits the Funds.
Daniel S. Vandivort, Trustee
Daniel S. Vandivort has been a member of the Board of Trustees of the Invesco Funds since 2019. From 2014 to 2019, Mr. Vandivort served on the boards of certain investment companies in the Oppenheimer Funds complex.
Mr. Vandivort is currently Treasurer, Chairman of the Audit and Finance Committee and Trustee of the Board of Trustees at Huntington Disease Foundation of America. He also serves as President of Flyway Advisory Services LLC, a consulting and property management company.
Previously, Mr. Vandivort served as Chairman and Lead Independent Director, Chairman of the Audit Committee and Director of Value Line Funds from 2008 through 2014.
The Board believes that Mr. Vandivort’s experience in financial services and investment management and as a director of other investment companies benefits the Funds.
James D. Vaughn, Trustee
James D. Vaughn has been a member of the Board of Trustees of the Invesco Funds since 2019. From 2012 to 2019, Mr. Vaughn served on the boards of certain investment companies in the Oppenheimer Funds complex.
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Prior to his retirement, Mr. Vaughn served as managing partner of the Denver office of Deloitte & Touche LLP, and held various positions in the Denver and New York offices of Deloitte & Touche LLP during his 32 year career.
Mr. Vaughn has served as a Board member and Chairman of the Audit Committee of AMG National Trust Bank since 2005. He also serves as a Trustee and member of the Investment Committee of the University of South Dakota Foundation. In addition, Mr. Vaughn has served as a Board member, Audit Committee member and past Board Chair of Junior Achievement since 1993.
Previously, Mr. Vaughn served as Trustee and Chairman of the Audit Committee of Schroder Funds from 2003 to 2012. He also previously served as a Board Member of Mile High United Way, Boys and Girls Clubs, Boy Scouts, Colorado Business Committee for the Arts, Economic Club of Colorado and Metro Denver Network.
The Board believes that Mr. Vaughn’s experience in financial services and accounting and as a director of other investment companies benefits the Funds.
Christopher L. Wilson, Trustee, Vice Chair and Chair Designate
Christopher L. Wilson has been a member of the Board of Trustees of the Invesco Funds since 2017. He has served as Chair Designate since March 27, 2019 and Vice Chair since June 10, 2019.
Mr. Wilson started a career in the investment management business in 1980. From 2004 to 2009, Mr. Wilson served as President and Chief Executive Officer of Columbia Funds, a mutual fund complex with over $350 billion in assets. From 2009 to 2017, Mr. Wilson served as a Managing Partner of CT2, LLC, an early stage investing and consulting firm forstart-up companies.
From 2014 to 2016, Mr. Wilson served as a member of the Board of Directors of the mutual fund company managed by TDAM USA Inc., an affiliate of TD Bank, N.A.
Mr. Wilson also currently serves as a member of the Board of Directors of ISO New England, Inc., the company that establishes the wholesale electricity market and manages the electrical power grid in New England. Mr. Wilson is currently the chair of the Audit and Finance Committee, which also oversees cybersecurity, and a member of the systems planning committee ofISO-NE, Inc. He previously served as chair of the Human Resources and Compensation Committee and was a member of the Markets Committee. He has served on the ISO New England, Inc. board since 2011.
The Board believes that Mr. Wilson’s knowledge of financial services and investment management, his experience as a director and audit committee member of other companies, including a mutual fund company, and other professional experience gained through his prior employment benefit the Funds.
Board Role in Risk Oversight
The Board considers risk management issues as part of its general oversight responsibilities throughout the year at its regular meetings and at regular meetings of each of
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the Investments Committee, Audit Committee, Compliance Committee, Governance Committee and Valuation, Distribution and Proxy Oversight Committee (as further described below) (for purposes of this section only, each a “Risk Committee” and collectively, the “Risk Committees”). These Risk Committees in turn report to the full Board and recommend actions and approvals for the full Board to take.
The Adviser prepares regular reports that address certain investment, valuation and compliance matters, and the Board as a whole or the Risk Committees also receive special written reports or presentations on a variety of risk issues at the request of the Board, a Risk Committee or the Senior Officer.
The Investments Committee and itssub-committees receive regular written reports describing and analyzing the investment performance of the Funds. In addition, Invesco’s Chief Investment Officers and the portfolio managers of the Funds meet regularly with the Investments Committee or itssub-committees to discuss portfolio performance, including investment risk, such as the impact on the Funds of investments in particular types of securities or instruments, such as derivatives. To the extent that a Fund changes a particular investment strategy that could have a material impact on the Fund’s risk profile, the Board generally is consulted in advance with respect to such change.
The Audit Committee is apprised by, and discusses with, management its policies on risk assessment and risk management. Such discussion includes a discussion of the guidelines governing the process by which risks are assessed and managed and an identification of each Fund’s major financial risk exposures. In addition, the Audit Committee meets regularly with representatives from Invesco Ltd.’s internal audit group to review reports on their examinations of functions and processes within the Adviser that affect the Funds.
The Compliance Committee receives regular compliance reports prepared by the Adviser’s compliance group and meets regularly with each Fund’s Chief Compliance Officer (“CCO”) to discuss compliance issues, including compliance risks. The Compliance Committee has recommended and the Board has adopted compliance policies and procedures for the Funds and for the Funds’ service providers. The compliance policies and procedures are designed to detect, prevent and correct violations of the federal securities laws.
The Governance Committee monitors the composition of the Board and each of the Risk Committees and monitors the qualifications of the Trustees to ensure adherence to certain governance undertakings applicable to the Funds. In addition, the Governance Committee oversees an annual self-assessment of the Board and addresses governance risks, including insurance and fidelity bond matters, for the Funds.
The Valuation, Distribution and Proxy Oversight Committee monitors fair valuation of portfolio securities based on management reports that include explanations of the reasons for the fair valuation and the methodology used to arrive at the fair value.
Compensation of Trustees
Each Trustee who is not affiliated with Invesco is compensated for his or her services according to a fee schedule that recognizes the fact that such Trustee also serves as a Trustee
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of other Invesco Funds. Each such Trustee receives a fee, allocated among the Invesco Funds for which he or she serves as a Trustee that consists of an annual retainer component and a meeting fee component. The Chairman of the Board and Chair of each Committee (defined below) andSub-Committee receive additional compensation for their services. Compensation received by the Trustees of the Funds as of fiscal year ended February 29, 2020 is shown onAnnex B hereto.
Pre-Amendment Retirement Plan for Trustees
The Trustees have adopted a Retirement Plan for the Trustees who are not affiliated with the Adviser. A description of thepre-amendment Retirement Plan follows. Annual retirement benefits are available from the Funds and/or the other Invesco Funds for which a Trustee serves (each, a “Covered Fund”), for each Trustee who is not an employee or officer of the Adviser, who either (a) became a Trustee prior to December 1, 2008, and who has at least five years of credited service as a Trustee (including service to a predecessor fund) of a Covered Fund, or (b) was a member of the Board of Trustees of a Van Kampen Fund immediately prior to June 1, 2010 (“Former Van Kampen Trustee”), and has at least one year of credited service as a Trustee of a Covered Fund after June 1, 2010.
For Trustees other than Former Van Kampen Trustees, effective January 1, 2006, for retirements after December 31, 2005, the retirement benefits will equal 75% of the Trustee’s annual retainer paid to or accrued by any Covered Fund with respect to such Trustee during the twelve-month period prior to retirement, including the amount of any retainer deferred under a separate deferred compensation agreement between the Covered Fund and the Trustee. The amount of the annual retirement benefit does not include additional compensation paid for Board meeting fees or compensation paid to the Chair of the Board and the Chairs and Vice Chairs of certain Board committees, whether such amounts are paid directly to the Trustee or deferred. The annual retirement benefit is payable in quarterly installments for a number of years equal to the lesser of (i) sixteen years or (ii) the number of such Trustee’s credited years of service. If a Trustee dies prior to receiving the full amount of retirement benefits, the remaining payments will be made to the deceased Trustee’s designated beneficiary for the same length of time that the Trustee would have received the payments based on his or her service or, if the Trustee has elected, in a discounted lump sum payment. A Trustee must have attained the age of 65 (60 in the event of disability) to receive any retirement benefit. A Trustee may make an irrevocable election to commence payment of retirement benefits upon retirement from the Board before age 72; in such a case, the annual retirement benefit is subject to a reduction for early payment.
If the Former Van Kampen Trustee completes at least 10 years of credited service after June 1, 2010, the retirement benefit will equal 75% of the Former Van Kampen Trustee’s annual retainer paid to or accrued by any Covered Fund with respect to such Trustee during the twelve-month period prior to retirement, including the amount of any retainer deferred under a separate deferred compensation agreement between the Covered Fund and such Trustee. The amount of the annual retirement benefit does not include additional compensation paid for Board meeting fees or compensation paid to the Chair of the Board and the Chairs and Vice Chairs of certain Board committees, whether such amounts are paid directly to the Trustee or deferred. The annual retirement benefit is payable in quarterly installments for 10 years beginning after the later of the Former Van Kampen Trustee’s
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termination of service or attainment of age 72 (or age 60 in the event of disability or immediately in the event of death). If a Former Van Kampen Trustee dies prior to receiving the full amount of retirement benefits, the remaining payments will be made to the deceased Trustee’s designated beneficiary or, if the Trustee has elected, in a discounted lump sum payment.
If the Former Van Kampen Trustee completes less than 10 years of credited service after June 1, 2010, the retirement benefit will be payable at the applicable time described in the preceding paragraph, but will be paid in two components successively. For the period of time equal to the Former Van Kampen Trustee’s years of credited service after June 1, 2010, the first component of the annual retirement benefit will equal 75% of the compensation amount described in the preceding paragraph. Thereafter, for the period of time equal to the Former Van Kampen Trustee’s years of credited service after June 1, 2010, the second component of the annual retirement benefit will equal the excess of (x) 75% of the compensation amount described in the preceding paragraph, over (y) $68,041 plus an interest factor of 4% per year compounded annually measured from June 1, 2010 through the first day of each year for which payments under this second component are to be made. In no event, however, will the retirement benefits under the two components be made for a period of time greater than 10 years. For example, if the Former Van Kampen Trustee completes 7 years of credited service after June 1, 2010, he or she will receive 7 years of payments under the first component and thereafter 3 years of payments under the second component, and if the Former Van Kampen Trustee completes 4 years of credited service after June 1, 2010, he or she will receive 4 years of payments under the first component and thereafter 4 years of payments under the second component.
Amendment of Retirement Plan and Conversion to Defined Contribution Plan
The Trustees approved an amendment to the Retirement Plan to convert it to a defined contribution plan for active Trustees (the “Amended Plan”). Under the Amended Plan, the benefit amount was amended for each active Trustee to the present value of the Trustee’s existing retirement plan benefit as of December 31, 2013 (the “Existing Plan Benefit”) plus the present value of retirement benefits expected to be earned under the Retirement Plan through the end of the calendar year in which the Trustee attained age 75 (the “Expected Future Benefit” and, together with the Existing Plan Benefit, the “Accrued Benefit”). On the conversion date, the Covered Funds established bookkeeping accounts in the amount of their pro rata share of the Accrued Benefit, which is deemed to be invested in one or more Invesco Funds selected by the participating Trustees. Such accounts will be adjusted from time to time to reflect deemed investment earnings and losses. Each Trustee’s Accrued Benefit is not funded and, with respect to the payments of amounts held in the accounts, the participating Trustees have the status of unsecured creditors of the Covered Funds. Trustees will be paid the adjusted account balance under the Amended Plan in quarterly installments for the same period as described above.
Deferred Compensation Agreements
Three retired Trustees, as well as Messrs. Crockett, LaCava, Motley, Troccoli, Vandivort, Vaughn and Wilson, Mss. Hostetler and Stern and Drs. Jones and Mathai-Davis (for purposes of this paragraph only, the “Deferring Trustees”) have each executed a
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Deferred Compensation Agreement (collectively, the “Compensation Agreements”). Pursuant to the Compensation Agreements, the Deferring Trustees have the option to elect to defer receipt of up to 100% of their compensation payable by the Funds, and such amounts are placed into a deferral account and deemed to be invested in one or more Invesco Funds selected by the Deferring Trustees.
Distributions from these deferral accounts will be paid in cash, generally in equal quarterly installments over a period of up to ten (10) years (depending on the Compensation Agreement) beginning on the date selected under the Compensation Agreement. If a Deferring Trustee dies prior to the distribution of amounts in his or her deferral account, the balance of the deferral account will be distributed to his or her designated beneficiary. The Compensation Agreements are not funded and, with respect to the payments of amounts held in the deferral accounts, the Deferring Trustees have the status of unsecured creditors of the Funds and of each other Invesco Fund from which they are deferring compensation.
Board Committees
The standing committees of the Board are the Audit Committee, the Compliance Committee, the Governance Committee, the Investments Committee and the Valuation, Distribution and Proxy Voting Oversight Committee (the “Committees”).
Audit Committee
The members of the Audit Committee are Messrs. Arch, Crockett, LaCava (Chair), Troccoli and Vaughn (Vice Chair) and Mss. Hostetler, Krentzman and Ressel. The Audit Committee held seven meetings during the fiscal year ended February 29, 2020. The Audit Committee’s charter is available at www.invesco.com/us. Each member of the Audit Committee has been determined by the Board to be an “audit committee financial expert” as defined by the SEC. Each such audit committee financial expert is an Independent Trustee.
The Audit Committee performs a number of functions with respect to the oversight of the Funds’ accounting and financial reporting, including: (i) assisting the Board with its oversight of the qualifications, independence and performance of the independent registered public accountants; (ii) selecting independent registered public accountants for the Funds; (iii) to the extent required,pre-approving certain audit and permissiblenon-audit services; (iv) overseeing the financial reporting process for the Funds; (v) assisting the Board with its oversight of the integrity of the Funds’ financial statements and compliance with legal and regulatory requirements that relate to the Funds’ accounting and financial reporting, internal control over financial reporting and independent audits; and(vi) pre-approving engagements fornon-audit services to be provided by the Funds’ independent auditors to the Funds’ investment adviser or to any of its affiliates.
Compliance Committee
The members of the Compliance Committee are Messrs. Arch (Chair), Motley, Troccoli and Vaughn, and Mss. Brown, Hostetler, Krentzman and Ressel (Vice Chair). The Compliance Committee held five meetings during the fiscal year ended February 29, 2020.
The Compliance Committee performs a number of functions with respect to compliance matters, including: (i) reviewing and making recommendations concerning the
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qualifications, performance and compensation of the Funds’ Chief Compliance Officer; (ii) reviewing recommendations and reports made by the Chief Compliance Officer or Senior Officer of the Funds regarding compliance matters; (iii) overseeing compliance policies and procedures of the Funds and their service providers; (iv) overseeing potential conflicts of interest that are reported to the Compliance Committee by Invesco, the Chief Compliance Officer, or the Senior Officer; (v) reviewing reports prepared by a third party’s compliance review of the Adviser; (vi) if requested by the Board, overseeing risk management with respect to the Funds, including receiving and overseeing risk management reports from the Adviser that are applicable to the Funds and their service providers; and (vii) reviewing reports by the Adviser on correspondence with regulators or governmental agencies with respect to the Funds and recommending to the Board what action, if any, should be taken by the Funds in light of such reports.
Governance Committee
The members of the Governance Committee are Messrs. Crockett, Fields (Chair), LaCava, Vandivort and Wilson, Ms. Stern (Vice Chair) and Drs. Jones and Mathai-Davis. The Governance Committee held seven meetings during the fiscal year ended February 29, 2020. The Governance Committee’s charter is available at www.invesco.com/us.
The Governance Committee performs a number of functions with respect to governance, including: (i) nominating persons to serve as Independent Trustees and as members of each Committee, and nominating the Chair of the Board and the Chair and Vice Chair of each Committee; (ii) reviewing and making recommendations to the full Board regarding the size and composition of the Board and the compensation payable to the Independent Trustees; (iii) overseeing the annual evaluation of the performance of the Board and its Committees; (iv) considering and overseeing the selection of independent legal counsel to the Independent Trustees; (v) reviewing and approving the compensation paid to the Senior Officer; (vi) reviewing administrative and/or logistical matters pertaining to the operations of the Board; and (vii) reviewing annually recommendations from the Adviser regarding amounts and coverage of primary and excess directors and officers/errors and omissions liability insurance and allocation of premiums.
When the Board has or expects to have a vacancy, the Governance Committee receives and reviews information on individuals qualified to be recommended to the full Board as nominees for election as Trustees. The Governance Committee considers candidates identified by members of the Governance Committee, the full Board and management, as well as any recommendations by shareholders (as described below), as part of this process. At times, the Governance Committee may use a third party search firm to assist with the identification of qualified candidates.
The Governance Committee will consider nominees recommended by a shareholder to serve as trustees, provided: (i) that such submitting shareholder is a shareholder of record at the time he or she submits such names and is entitled to vote at the meeting of shareholders at which trustees will be elected; and (ii) that the Governance Committee or the Board, as applicable, shall make the final determination of persons to be nominated. While the Governance Committee believes that there are no specific minimum qualifications for a nominee to possess or any specific qualities or skills that are necessary, in considering a
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candidate’s qualifications, the Governance Committee may consider, among other things: (1) whether or not the person is an “interested person,” as defined in the 1940 Act, and is otherwise qualified under applicable laws and regulations to serve as a trustee of the Funds; (2) whether or not the person is willing to serve as, and willing and able to commit the time necessary for the performance of the duties of, a trustee; (3) whether the person can make a positive contribution to the Board and the Funds, with consideration being given to the person’s specific experience, education, qualifications and other skills; and (4) whether the person is of good character and high integrity, and whether the person has other desirable personality traits, including independence, leadership and the ability to work with other Board members. The Governance Committee has not adopted any specific policy on the issue of diversity, but will take this into account, among other factors, in its consideration of new candidates to the Board.
Notice procedures set forth in each Fund’s Bylaws require that any shareholder of a Fund desiring to nominate a trustee for election at an annual shareholder meeting must deliver to the Fund’s Secretary notice of the shareholder’s intent to nominate in writing not less than ninety (90) nor more than one hundred twenty (120) days prior to the first anniversary date of the annual meeting for the preceding year.
Investments Committee
The members of the Investments Committee are Messrs. Arch, Crockett (Chair), Fields, Flanagan, LaCava, Motley, Troccoli, Vandivort, Vaughn and Wilson (Vice Chair), Mss. Brown, Hostetler (Vice Chair), Krentzman, Ressel and Stern (Vice Chair) and Drs. Jones and Mathai-Davis. The Investments Committee held five meetings during the fiscal year ended February 29, 2020.
The Investments Committee’s primary purposes are to assist the Board in its oversight of the investment management services provided by the Adviser and theSub-Advisers and to periodically review Fund performance information, information regarding the Funds’ trading practices and such other reports pertaining to portfolio securities transactions and information regarding the investment personnel and other resources devoted to the management of the Funds and make recommendations to the Board, when applicable.
The Investments Committee has established threeSub-Committees and delegated to theSub-Committees responsibility for, among other matters: (i) reviewing the performance of the Invesco Funds that have been assigned to a particularSub-Committee (for eachSub-Committee, the Designated Funds), except to the extent the Investments Committee takes such action directly; (ii) reviewing with the applicable portfolio managers from time to time the investment objective(s), policies, strategies, performance and risks and other investment-related matters of the Designated Funds; and (iii) being familiar with the investment objectives and principal investment strategies of the Designated Funds.
Valuation, Distribution and Proxy Oversight Committee
The members of the Valuation, Distribution and Proxy Oversight Committee are Messrs. Fields, Motley, Vandivort and Wilson, Ms. Brown and Stern and Drs. Jones (Vice Chair) and Mathai-Davis (Chair). The Valuation, Distribution and Proxy Oversight Committee held five meetings during the fiscal year ended February 29, 2020.
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The Valuation, Distribution and Proxy Oversight Committee performs a number of functions with respect to valuation, distribution and proxy voting, including: (i) reviewing reports and making recommendations to the full Board regarding the Funds’ valuation methods and determinations, and annually approving and making recommendations to the full Board regarding pricing procedures; (ii) reviewing the Adviser’s annual report evaluating the pricing vendors, and approving and recommending that the full Board approve changes to pricing vendors and pricing methodologies; (iii) reviewing reports and making recommendations to the full Board regarding mutual fund distribution and marketing channels and expenditures; (iv) reviewing reports and making recommendations to the full Board regarding proxy voting guidelines, policies and procedures; and (v) receiving reports regarding actual or potential conflicts of interest by investment personnel or others that could affect their input or recommendations regarding pricing issues and, if appropriate, consulting with the Compliance Committee about such conflicts.
Shareholder Communications
Shareholders may send communications to each Fund’s Board. Shareholders should send communications intended for the Board or for a Trustee by addressing the communication directly to the Board or individual Trustee and/or otherwise clearly indicating that the communication is for the Board or individual Trustee and by sending the communication to either the office of the Secretary of the applicable Fund or directly to such Trustee at the address specified for such Trustee above. Other shareholder communications received by any Fund not directly addressed and sent to the Board will be reviewed and generally responded to by management and will be forwarded to the Board only at management’s discretion based on the matters contained therein.
THE BOARD UNANIMOUSLY RECOMMENDS A VOTE “FOR ALL” OF THE NOMINEES.
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OTHER INFORMATION
Executive Officers of the Funds
The following information relates to the executive officers of the Funds. Each officer also serves in the same capacity for all or a number of the other investment companies advised by the Adviser or affiliates of the Adviser. The officers of the Funds are appointed annually by the Trustees and serve for one year or until their respective successors are chosen and qualified. The Funds’ officers (with the exception of Russell C. Burk and Robert R. Leveille) do not receive compensation from the Funds. The Funds’ officers may also be officers or employees of the Adviser or officers of affiliates of the Adviser and may receive compensation in such capacities. The address of each officer is 11 Greenway Plaza, Suite 1000, Houston, Texas 77046-1173.
Name, Year of Birth and Position(s) Held with the Funds | Officer Since | Principal Occupation(s) During Past 5 Years | ||
Sheri Morris — 1964 President, Principal Executive Officer and Treasurer | 2010 | Head of Global Fund Services, Invesco Ltd.; President, Principal Executive Officer and Treasurer, The Invesco Funds; Senior Vice President, Invesco Advisers, Inc. (formerly known as Invesco Institutional (N.A.), Inc.) (registered investment adviser); and Vice President, Invesco Exchange-Traded Fund Trust, Invesco Exchange-Traded Fund Trust II, Invesco India Exchange-Traded Fund Trust, Invesco Actively Managed Exchange-Traded Fund Trust, Invesco Actively Managed Exchange-Traded Commodity Fund Trust and Invesco Exchange-Traded Self-Indexed Fund Trust; and Vice President, OppenheimerFunds, Inc.
Formerly: Vice President and Principal Financial Officer, The Invesco Funds; Vice President, Invesco AIM Advisers, Inc., Invesco AIM Capital Management, Inc. and Invesco AIM Private Asset Management, Inc.; Assistant Vice President and Assistant Treasurer, The Invesco Funds; Vice President and Assistant Vice President, Invesco Advisers, Inc.; Assistant Vice President, Invesco AIM Capital Management, Inc. and Invesco AIM Private Asset Management, Inc.; and Treasurer, Invesco Exchange-Traded Fund Trust, Invesco Exchange-Traded Fund Trust II, Invesco India Exchange-Traded Fund Trust and Invesco Actively Managed Exchange-Traded Fund Trust | ||
Russell C. Burk — 1958 Senior Vice President and Senior Officer | 2010 | Senior Vice President and Senior Officer, The Invesco Funds | ||
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Name, Year of Birth and Position(s) Held with the Funds | Officer Since | Principal Occupation(s) During Past 5 Years | ||
Jeffrey H. Kupor — 1968 Senior Vice President, Chief Legal Officer and Secretary | 2018 | Head of Legal of the Americas, Invesco Ltd.; Senior Vice President and Secretary, Invesco Advisers, Inc. (formerly known as Invesco Institutional (N.A.), Inc.) (registered investment adviser); Secretary, Invesco Distributors, Inc. (formerly known as Invesco AIM Distributors, Inc.); Vice President and Secretary, Invesco Investment Services, Inc. (formerly known as Invesco AIM Investment Services, Inc.); Senior Vice President, Chief Legal Officer and Secretary, The Invesco Funds; Secretary and General Counsel, Invesco Investment Advisers LLC (formerly known as Van Kampen Asset Management); Secretary and General Counsel, Invesco Capital Markets, Inc. (formerly known as Van Kampen Funds Inc.) and Chief Legal Officer, Invesco Exchange-Traded Fund Trust, Invesco Exchange-Traded Fund Trust II, Invesco India Exchange-Traded Fund Trust, Invesco Actively Managed Exchange-Traded Fund Trust, Invesco Actively Managed Exchange-Traded Commodity Fund Trust and Invesco Exchange-Traded Self-Indexed Fund Trust; Secretary, Invesco Indexing LLC; and Secretary, W.L. Ross & Co., LLC
Formerly: Senior Vice President, Invesco Distributors, Inc.; Secretary and Vice President, Jemstep, Inc.; Head of Legal, Worldwide Institutional, Invesco Ltd.; Secretary and General Counsel, INVESCO Private Capital Investments, Inc.; Senior Vice President, Secretary and General Counsel, Invesco Management Group, Inc. (formerly known as Invesco AIM Management Group, Inc.); Assistant Secretary, INVESCO Asset Management (Bermuda) Ltd.; Secretary and General Counsel, Invesco Private Capital, Inc.; Assistant Secretary and General Counsel, INVESCO Realty, Inc.; Secretary and General Counsel, Invesco Senior Secured Management, Inc.; and Secretary, Sovereign G./P. Holdings Inc. | ||
Andrew R. Schlossberg — 1974 Senior Vice President | 2019 | Head of the Americas and Senior Managing Director, Invesco Ltd.; Director and Senior Vice President, Invesco Advisers, Inc. (formerly known as Invesco Institutional (N.A.), Inc.) (registered investment adviser); Director and Chairman, Invesco Investment Services, Inc. (formerly known as Invesco AIM Investment Services, Inc.) (registered transfer agent); Senior Vice President, The Invesco Funds; Director, Invesco Investment Advisers LLC (formerly known as Van Kampen Asset Management); and Director, President and Chairman, Invesco Insurance Agency, Inc. | ||
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Name, Year of Birth and Position(s) Held with the Funds | Officer Since | Principal Occupation(s) During Past 5 Years | ||
Formerly: Director, Invesco UK Limited; Director and Chief Executive, Invesco Asset Management Limited and Invesco Fund Managers Limited; Assistant Vice President, The Invesco Funds; Senior Vice President, Invesco Advisers, Inc. (formerly known as Invesco Institutional (N.A.), Inc.) (registered investment adviser); Director and Chief Executive, Invesco Administration Services Limited and Invesco Global Investment Funds Limited; Director, Invesco Distributors, Inc.; Head of EMEA, Invesco Ltd.; President, Invesco Actively Managed Exchange-Traded Commodity Fund Trust, Invesco Actively Managed Exchange-Traded Fund Trust, Invesco Exchange-Traded Fund Trust, Invesco Exchange-Traded Fund Trust II and Invesco India Exchange-Traded Fund Trust; and Managing Director and Principal Executive Officer, Invesco Capital Management LLC | ||||
John M. Zerr — 1962 Senior Vice President | 2010 | Chief Operating Officer of the Americas; Senior Vice President, Invesco Advisers, Inc. (formerly known as Invesco Institutional (N.A.), Inc.) (registered investment adviser); Senior Vice President, Invesco Distributors, Inc. (formerly known as Invesco AIM Distributors, Inc.); Director and Vice President, Invesco Investment Services, Inc. (formerly known as Invesco AIM Investment Services, Inc.) Senior Vice President, The Invesco Funds; Managing Director, Invesco Capital Management LLC; Director, Invesco Investment Advisers LLC (formerly known as Van Kampen Asset Management); Senior Vice President, Invesco Capital Markets, Inc. (formerly known as Van Kampen Funds Inc.); Manager, Invesco Indexing LLC; Director and Senior Vice President, Invesco Insurance Agency, Inc., Member, Invesco Canada Funds Advisory Board; Director, President and Chief Executive Officer, Invesco Corporate Class Inc. (corporate mutual fund company); Director, Chairman, President and Chief Executive Officer, Invesco Canada Ltd. (formerly known as Invesco Trimark Ltd./Invesco Trimark Ltèe) (registered investment adviser and registered transfer agent); President, Invesco, Inc.; President, Invesco Global Direct Real Estate Feeder GP Ltd.; President, Invesco IP Holdings (Canada) Ltd; President, Invesco Global Direct Real Estate GP Ltd.; President, Invesco Financial Services Ltd. / Services Financiers Invesco Ltée; and President, Trimark Investments Ltd./Placements Trimark Ltée
Formerly: Director and Senior Vice President, Invesco Management Group, Inc. (formerly known as Invesco | ||
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Name, Year of Birth and Position(s) Held with the Funds | Officer Since | Principal Occupation(s) During Past 5 Years | ||
| AIM Management Group, Inc.); Secretary and General Counsel, Invesco Management Group, Inc. (formerly known as Invesco AIM Management Group, Inc.); Secretary, Invesco Investment Services, Inc. (formerly known as Invesco AIM Investment Services, Inc.); Chief Legal Officer and Secretary, The Invesco Funds; Secretary and General Counsel, Invesco Investment Advisers LLC (formerly known as Van Kampen Asset Management); Secretary and General Counsel, Invesco Capital Markets, Inc. (formerly known as Van Kampen Funds Inc.); Chief Legal Officer, Invesco Exchange-Traded Fund Trust, Invesco Exchange-Traded Fund Trust II, Invesco India Exchange-Traded Fund Trust, Invesco Actively Managed Exchange-Traded Fund Trust, Invesco Actively Managed Exchange-Traded Commodity Fund Trust and Invesco Exchange-Traded Self-Indexed Fund Trust; Secretary, Invesco Indexing LLC; Director, Secretary, General Counsel and Senior Vice President, Van Kampen Exchange Corp.; Director, Vice President and Secretary, IVZ Distributors, Inc. (formerly known as INVESCO Distributors, Inc.); Director and Vice President, INVESCO Funds Group, Inc.; Director and Vice President, Van Kampen Advisors Inc.; Director, Vice President, Secretary and General Counsel, Van Kampen Investor Services Inc.; Director and Secretary, Invesco Distributors, Inc. (formerly known as Invesco AIM Distributors, Inc.); Director, Senior Vice President, General Counsel and Secretary, Invesco AIM Advisers, Inc. and Van Kampen Investments Inc.; Director, Vice President and Secretary, Fund Management Company; Director, Senior Vice President, Secretary, General Counsel and Vice President, Invesco AIM Capital Management, Inc.; Chief Operating Officer and General Counsel, Liberty Ridge Capital, Inc. (an investment adviser) | ||||
Gregory G. McGreevey —1962 Senior Vice President | 2012 | Senior Managing Director, Invesco Ltd.; Director, Chairman, President, and Chief Executive Officer, Invesco Advisers, Inc. (formerly known as Invesco Institutional (N.A.), Inc.) (registered investment adviser); Director, Invesco Mortgage Capital, Inc. and Invesco Senior Secured Management, Inc.; Senior Vice President, The Invesco Funds; and President, SNW Asset Management Corporation and Invesco Managed Accounts, LLC
Formerly: Senior Vice President, Invesco Management Group, Inc. and Invesco Advisers, Inc.; Assistant Vice President, The Invesco Funds | ||
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Name, Year of Birth and Position(s) Held with the Funds | Officer Since | Principal Occupation(s) During Past 5 Years | ||
Crissie Wisdom — 1969 Anti-Money Laundering Compliance Officer | 2013 | Anti-Money Laundering and OFAC Compliance Officer for Invesco U.S. entities including: Invesco Advisers, Inc. (formerly known as Invesco Institutional (N.A.), Inc.) (registered investment adviser) and its affiliates, Invesco Capital Markets, Inc. (formerly known as Van Kampen Funds Inc.), Invesco Distributors, Inc., Invesco Investment Services, Inc., The Invesco Funds, Invesco Capital Management, LLC, Invesco Trust Company; OppenheimerFunds Distributor, Inc., and Fraud Prevention Manager for Invesco Investment Services, Inc. | ||
Kelli Gallegos — 1970 Vice President, Principal Financial Officer and Assistant Treasurer | 2010 | Principal Financial and Accounting Officer – Investment Pools, Invesco Specialized Products, LLC; Vice President, Principal Financial Officer and Assistant Treasurer, The Invesco Funds; Principal Financial and Accounting Officer – Pooled Investments, Invesco Capital Management LLC; Vice President and Treasurer, Invesco Exchange-Traded Fund Trust, Invesco Exchange-Traded Fund Trust II, Invesco India Exchange-Traded Fund Trust, Invesco Actively Managed Exchange-Traded Fund Trust, Invesco Actively Managed Exchange-Traded Commodity Fund Trust and Invesco Exchange-Traded Self-Indexed Fund Trust; Vice President, Invesco Advisers, Inc.
Formerly: Assistant Treasurer, Invesco Specialized Products, LLC; Assistant Treasurer, Invesco Exchange-Traded Fund Trust, Invesco Exchange-Traded Fund Trust II, Invesco India Exchange-Traded Fund Trust, Invesco Actively Managed Exchange-Traded Fund Trust, Invesco Actively Managed Exchange-Traded Commodity Fund Trust and Invesco Exchange-Traded Self-Indexed Fund Trust; Assistant Treasurer, Invesco Capital Management LLC; and Assistant Vice President, The Invesco Funds | ||
Todd F. Kuehl — 1969 Chief Compliance Officer | 2020 | Chief Compliance Officer, Invesco Advisers, Inc. (registered investment adviser); and Chief Compliance Officer, The Invesco Funds
Formerly: Managing Director and Chief Compliance Officer, Legg Mason (Mutual Funds); Chief Compliance Officer, Legg Mason Private Portfolio Group, a registered investment adviser | ||
Principal Shareholders of the Funds
The persons who as of the Record Date, according to publicly available filings made with the SEC, held of record 5% or more of the Common Shares or Preferred Shares of a
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Fund are set forth inAnnex C. To the knowledge of each Fund, no other persons own, directly or beneficially, 5% or more of the Common Shares or Preferred Shares of any Fund.
Trustee Ownership of Fund Shares
As of December 31, 2019, Trustee(s) owned, directly or beneficially, Common Shares or Preferred Shares of a Fund and beneficially owned equity securities of other funds in the Invesco Fund Complex overseen by the Trustees in the dollar range amounts as specified inAnnex D.
Section 16(a) Beneficial Ownership Reporting Compliance
Section 30(f) of the 1940 Act and Section 16(a) of the Exchange Act require each of the Funds’ Trustees, officers, investment advisers, affiliated persons of the investment advisers and persons who own more than 10% of a registered class of a Fund’s equity securities to file forms with the SEC and the NYSE (on which the Common Shares are listed), reporting their affiliation with the Fund and reports of ownership and changes in ownership of Shares.
Based on a review of these forms furnished to each Fund, each Fund believes, to the best of its knowledge, that during its last fiscal year, its Trustees, officers, the Adviser and affiliated persons of the Adviser complied with all applicable filing requirements except for certain inadvertent late filings.
Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
PricewaterhouseCoopers, LLP (“PwC”) has been selected as each Fund’s independent registered public accounting firm by the Audit Committee and ratified by unanimous approval of each Fund’s Board, including a majority of the Independent Trustees, to audit the accounts of the Funds for and during the fiscal year ending February 29, 2020. The Funds do not know of any direct or indirect financial interest of PwC in the Funds.
It is not expected that representatives of PwC will attend the Meeting. In the event representatives of PwC do attend the Meeting, they will have the opportunity to make a statement if they desire to do so and will be available to answer appropriate questions.
In accordance with the adoptedpre-approval policies and procedures (included inAnnex E to this Joint Proxy Statement), the Audit Committee has preapproved all audit andnon-audit services provided to each Fund by its independent registered public accounting firm.Pre-approval by the Audit Committee of any permissiblenon-audit services is not, however, required so long as: (i) the aggregate amount of all such permissiblenon-audit services provided to a Fund constitutes not more than 5% of the total amount of revenues paid by the Fund to its independent registered public accounting firm during the fiscal year in which the permissiblenon-audit services are provided; (ii) the permissiblenon-audit services were not recognized by a Fund at the time of the engagement to benon-audit services; and (iii) such services are promptly brought to the attention of the Audit Committee and approved prior to the completion of the audit by the Audit Committee.
The Audit Committee of each Fund reviewed and discussed the last audited financial statements of each Fund with management and with PwC. In the course of its discussions,
38
the Audit Committee discussed with PwC any relevant matters required to be discussed under Statement on Auditing Standards No. 1301 (Communications with Audit Committees). Based on this review, the Audit Committee recommended to the Board of each Fund that each Fund’s audited financial statements be included in each Fund’s Annual Report to Shareholders for the most recent fiscal year for filing with the SEC.
As disclosed above, the members of the Audit Committee are Messrs. Arch, Crockett, LaCava (Chair), Troccoli and Vaughn (Vice Chair), and Mss. Hostetler, Krentzman and Ressel.
Audit Fees
For each Fund’s two most recently completed fiscal years, the aggregate fees billed to each Fund by PwC for professional services rendered for the audit of such Fund’s annual financial statements are set forth onAnnex E. All of the audit services for the fiscal years ended February 29, 2020 and February 28, 2019 were approved by the Audit Committee in accordance with itspre-approval policies and procedures.
Audit-Related Fees
For each Fund’s two most recently completed fiscal years, the aggregate fees billed to each Fund by PwC for professional services rendered for audit-related services are set forth onAnnex E. All of the audit-related services, which include assurance and related services by PwC that are reasonably related to the performance of the audit of a Fund, for the fiscal years ended February 29, 2020 and February 28, 2019 were approved by the Audit Committee in accordance with itspre-approval policies and procedures.
Tax Fees
For each Fund’s two most recently completed fiscal years, the aggregate fees billed by PwC and approved by the Audit Committee of each Fund for professional services rendered for tax compliance, tax advice, and tax planning are set forth onAnnex E. All of the tax services for the fiscal years ended February 29, 2020 and February 28, 2019 were approved by the Audit Committee in accordance with itspre-approval policies and procedures.
All Other Fees
For each Fund’s two most recently completed fiscal years, the aggregate fees billed by PwC and approved by the audit committee of each Fund for professional services rendered for all other services are set forth onAnnex E. All of the other services for the two most recently completed fiscal years were approved by the Audit Committee in accordance with itspre-approval policies and procedures.
Covered Entities
For each Fund’s two most recently completed fiscal years, the aggregatenon-audit fees billed to the Adviser or any entity controlling, controlled by or under common control with the Adviser that provides ongoing services to the Funds (the “Covered Entities”) are set forth onAnnex E. The Audit Committee is required topre-approve services to Covered Entities to
39
the extent that the services are determined to have a direct impact on the operations of financial reporting of the Funds. The Audit Committee also has considered whether the provision ofnon-audit services, if any, performed by PwC to the Funds and Covered Entities is compatible with maintaining PwC’s independence in performing audit services.
Proxy Solicitation Expenses
The expenses of preparing, printing and mailing these proxy solicitation materials and all other costs in connection with the solicitation of proxies for the Proposal will be borne by the Funds. To the extent the expenses are not billed to a particular Fund, they will be allocated among the Funds. The Funds will also reimburse banks, brokers and others for their reasonable expenses in forwarding proxy solicitation materials to the beneficial owners of the shares of the Funds. In order to obtain the necessary quorum at the Meeting, additional solicitation may be made by mail, telephone, facsimile or personal interview by representatives of the Funds, the Adviser or its affiliates, by the transfer agent of the Funds and by dealers or their representatives. The Funds have also retained Computershare to assist in any additional proxy solicitation. The estimated cost of solicitation by Computershare is approximately $1,500 per Fund.
Shareholder Proposals
Shareholder proposals intended to be presented at the year 2021 annual meeting of shareholders for a Fund pursuant toRule 14a-8 under the Exchange Act must be received by the Fund’s Secretary at the Fund’s principal executive offices by February 25, 2021, in order to be considered for inclusion in the Fund’s proxy statement and proxy card relating to that meeting. Timely submission of a proposal does not necessarily mean that such proposal will be included in the Fund’s proxy statement. If a shareholder wishes to make a proposal at the year 2021 annual meeting of shareholders without having the proposal included in a Fund’s proxy statement, then such proposal must be received by the Fund’s Secretary at the Fund’s principal executive offices not earlier than April 9, 2021 and not later than May 9, 2021. Notwithstanding the foregoing, if notice of a shareholder proposal is received after May 9, 2021, the persons named as proxies may vote proxies held by them in their discretion on such proposal. Any shareholder who wishes to submit a proposal for consideration at a meeting of such shareholder’s Fund should send such proposal to the respective Fund’s Secretary at 11 Greenway Plaza, Suite 1000, Houston, Texas 77046, Attn: Secretary. Additional requirements regarding shareholder proposals are included in the Fund’s Bylaws, which are available upon request.
General
Management of each Fund does not intend to present, and does not have reason to believe that others will present, any other items of business at the Meeting. However, if other matters are properly presented to the Meeting for a vote, the proxies will be voted upon such matters in accordance with the judgment of the persons acting under the proxies.
Failure of a quorum to be present at the Meeting for any Fund may necessitate adjournment and may subject such Fund to additional expense.
40
If you cannot be present at the Meeting, you are requested to fill in, sign and return the enclosed proxy card(s), for which no postage is required if mailed in the United States, or record your voting instructions by telephone or via the internet promptly.
Jeffrey H. Kupor
Senior Vice President,
Chief Legal Officer and Secretary
June 25, 2020
41
ANNEX A
FUNDS
The following list sets forth theclosed-end investment companies (each a “Fund” and collectively, the “Funds”) participating in the Joint Annual Meeting of Shareholders to be held online via live webcast on August 7, 2020, at 2:00 p.m. Central Daylight time. The name in the first column below is the legal name for each Fund. The designation in the second column is the NYSE ticker symbol of each Fund’s common shares. The ticker symbol is sometimes used to identify a specific Fund in the Joint Proxy Statement.
Each of the Funds has issued common shares of beneficial interest and such common shares of the Funds are referred to herein as the “Common Shares.” Each of the Funds, except VBF, IHIT, IHTA, and VLT has issued preferred shares of beneficial interest with a liquidation preference per share as designated in the fourth column below, and such preferred shares of such Funds are referred to herein as the “Preferred Shares.”
Legal Name | Common Shares Ticker Symbol | Common Shares Outstanding(1) | Preferred Shares | Preferred Shares Outstanding(1) | ||||
Invesco Advantage Municipal Income Trust II | VKI | 44,391,551.00 | Variable Rate Municipal Preferred Shares, liquidation preference $100,000 per share | 2,160 | ||||
Invesco Bond Fund | VBF | 11,386,632.00 | None | Not Applicable | ||||
Invesco California Value Municipal Income Trust | VCV | 47,865,335.00 | Variable Rate Municipal Preferred Shares, liquidation preference $100,000 per share | 2,083 | ||||
Invesco Dynamic Credit Opportunities Fund | VTA | 62,980,141.00 | Variable Rate Term Preferred Shares, liquidation preference $100,000 per share | 1,250 | ||||
Invesco High Income 2023 Target Term Fund | IHIT | 24,030,824.00 | None | Not Applicable | ||||
Invesco High Income 2024 Target Term Fund | IHTA | 8,778,181.77 | None | Not Applicable | ||||
Invesco High Income Trust II | VLT | 6,494,743.20 | None | Not Applicable | ||||
Invesco Municipal Income Opportunities Trust | OIA | 47,554,166.64 | Variable Rate Municipal Preferred Shares, liquidation preference $100,000 per share | 300 | ||||
Invesco Municipal Opportunity Trust | VMO | 67,414,527.00 | Variable Rate Municipal Preferred Shares, liquidation preference $100,000 per share | 3,676 |
A-1
Legal Name | Common Shares Ticker Symbol | Common Shares Outstanding(1) | Preferred Shares | Preferred Shares Outstanding(1) | ||||
Invesco Municipal Trust | VKQ | 55,320,226.99 | Variable Rate Municipal Preferred Shares, liquidation preference $100,000 per share | 2,628 | ||||
Invesco Pennsylvania Value Municipal Income Trust | VPV | 23,829,544.00 | Variable Rate Municipal Preferred Shares, liquidation preference $100,000 per share | 1,376 | ||||
Invesco Quality Municipal Income Trust | IQI | 52,883,797.34 | Variable Rate Municipal Preferred Shares, liquidation preference $100,000 per share | 2,339 | ||||
Invesco Senior Income Trust | VVR | 153,030,736.00 | Variable Rate Term Preferred Shares, liquidation preference $100,000 per share | 1,250 | ||||
Invesco Trust for Investment Grade Municipals | VGM | 54,225,296.00 | Variable Rate Municipal Preferred Shares, liquidation preference $100,000 per share | 2,733 | ||||
Invesco Trust for Investment Grade New York Municipals | VTN | 19,477,753.16 | Variable Rate Municipal Preferred Shares, liquidation preference $100,000 per share | 904 | ||||
Invesco Value Municipal Income Trust | IIM | 47,056,518.32 | Variable Rate Municipal Preferred Shares, liquidation preference $100,000 per share | 2,331 |
| (1) | As of the Record Date. |
A-2
ANNEX B
TRUSTEE COMPENSATION
Set forth below is information regarding compensation paid or accrued for each Trustee who was not affiliated with the Adviser during the calendar year ended December 31, 2019, unless otherwise noted. The term “Invesco Fund Complex” includes each of theopen-end andclosed-end registered investment companies advised by the Adviser.
Name of Trustee | Aggregate Compensation from the Funds(1) | Estimated Annual Benefits from Invesco Fund Complex Upon Retirement(2) | Total Compensation from Invesco Fund Complex(3) | |||||||||
Independent Trustees(5) | ||||||||||||
David C. Arch | $ | 20,746 | $ | 205,000 | $ | 410,486 | ||||||
Beth Ann Brown(4) | 8,760 | — | 191,316 | |||||||||
Bruce L. Crockett | 33,246 | 205,000 | 679,516 | |||||||||
Jack M. Fields | 19,979 | 205,000 | 409,378 | |||||||||
Cynthia Hostetler | 19,533 | — | 374,320 | |||||||||
Eli Jones | 19,042 | — | 391,836 | |||||||||
Elizabeth Krentzman(4) | 9,351 | — | 192,066 | |||||||||
Anthony J. LaCava, Jr. | 19,525 | — | 306,732 | |||||||||
Prema Mathai-Davis | 19,796 | 205,000 | 406,878 | |||||||||
Joel W. Motley(4) | 8,621 | — | 188,066 | |||||||||
Teresa M. Ressel | 18,923 | — | 368,728 | |||||||||
Ann Barnett Stern | 19,438 | — | 397,070 | |||||||||
Robert C. Troccoli | 19,135 | — | 376,336 | |||||||||
Daniel S. Vandivort(4) | 9,334 | — | 206,709 | |||||||||
James D. Vaughn(4) | 9,813 | — | 205,066 | |||||||||
Christopher L. Wilson | 22,276 | — | 432,974 | |||||||||
| (1) | Amounts shown are based on the fiscal year ended February 29, 2020. The total amount of compensation deferred by all Trustees of the Funds during the fiscal year ended February 29, 2020, including earnings, was $74,829. The amount of aggregate compensation paid by each Fund as of the most recent fiscal year end is as follows: |
Fund | Arch | Brown(4) | Crockett | Fields | Hostetler | Jones | Krentzman(4) | LaCava | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
VKI | $ | 1,313.31 | $ | 549.52 | $ | 2,103.10 | $ | 1,264.46 | $ | 1,235.64 | $ | 1,204.92 | $ | 586.49 | $ | 1,235.30 | ||||||||||||||||
VBF | 1,102.92 | 476.38 | 1,771.40 | 1,063.00 | 1,040.88 | 1,013.50 | 508.84 | 1,040.60 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
VCV | 1,369.35 | 575.63 | 2,193.04 | 1,318.44 | 1,288.46 | 1,256.33 | 614.23 | 1,288.13 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
VTA | 1,500.59 | 630.98 | 2,403.12 | 1,444.81 | 1,411.61 | 1,377.10 | 673.19 | 1,410.24 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
IHIT | 1,114.87 | 480.76 | 1,790.35 | 1,074.46 | 1,052.01 | 1,024.49 | 513.50 | 1,051.69 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
IHTA | 1,027.66 | 441.95 | 1,650.78 | 990.54 | 970.00 | 944.53 | 472.26 | 969.73 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
VLT | 1,044.05 | 447.59 | 1,676.90 | 1,006.24 | 985.29 | 959.62 | 478.35 | 984.83 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
OIA | 1,182.35 | 508.56 | �� | 1,897.73 | 1,139.30 | 1,115.09 | 1,086.17 | 542.99 | 1,114.79 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
VMO | 1,547.47 | 640.30 | 2,474.54 | 1,489.11 | 1,453.75 | 1,418.54 | 682.92 | 1,453.36 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
VKQ | 1,437.53 | 600.88 | 2,300.95 | 1,383.78 | 1,351.84 | 1,318.49 | 641.07 | 1,351.47 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
VPV | 1,188.05 | 500.94 | 1,904.40 | 1,144.24 | 1,118.97 | 1,090.61 | 534.94 | 1,118.66 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
IQI | 1,417.24 | 594.55 | 2,269.14 | 1,364.42 | 1,333.15 | 1,300.09 | 634.32 | 1,332.79 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
VVR | 1,459.57 | 612.80 | 2,337.90 | 1,404.85 | 1,373.18 | 1,339.64 | 654.41 | 1,371.84 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
VGM | 1,444.12 | 602.75 | 2,311.24 | 1,390.08 | 1,357.87 | 1,324.47 | 643.05 | 1,357.51 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
VTN | 1,150.00 | 488.22 | 1,844.55 | 1,107.85 | 1,083.82 | 1,056.07 | 521.43 | 1,083.53 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
IIM | 1,446.98 | 608.43 | 2,316.96 | 1,393.08 | 1,361.21 | 1,327.43 | 649.05 | 1,360.85 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
B-1
Fund | Mathai- Davis | Motley(4) | Ressel | Stern | Troccoli | Vandivort(4) | Vaughn(4) | Wilson | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
VKI | $ | 1,252.71 | $ | 540.82 | $ | 1,197.39 | $ | 1,229.31 | $ | 1,211.15 | $ | 585.36 | $ | 615.35 | $ | 1,407.20 | ||||||||||||||||
VBF | 1,053.95 | 468.79 | 1,007.44 | 1,036.56 | 1,017.79 | 507.79 | 534.12 | 1,192.61 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
VCV | 1,306.20 | 566.56 | 1,248.54 | 1,281.84 | 1,262.84 | 613.02 | 644.33 | 1,467.49 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
VTA | 1,431.17 | 620.78 | 1,368.02 | 1,405.00 | 1,383.75 | 672.38 | 706.59 | 1,607.78 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
IHIT | 1,065.27 | 473.07 | 1,018.26 | 1,047.67 | 1,028.80 | 512.50 | 539.06 | 1,205.09 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
IHTA | 982.17 | 434.85 | 938.78 | 966.14 | 948.38 | 471.34 | 495.93 | 1,111.99 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
VLT | 997.68 | 440.35 | 953.66 | 981.40 | 963.49 | 477.50 | 502.46 | 1,129.04 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
OIA | 1,129.40 | 500.47 | 1,079.53 | 1,110.26 | 1,090.94 | 541.93 | 569.86 | 1,275.92 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
VMO | 1,474.68 | 630.26 | 1,409.60 | 1,445.50 | 1,426.63 | 681.59 | 716.16 | 1,650.41 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
VKQ | 1,370.73 | 591.43 | 1,310.25 | 1,344.62 | 1,325.57 | 639.82 | 672.42 | 1,537.79 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
VPV | 1,133.92 | 492.97 | 1,083.89 | 1,113.61 | 1,095.90 | 533.87 | 561.45 | 1,277.01 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
IQI | 1,351.66 | 585.20 | 1,291.97 | 1,326.18 | 1,306.92 | 633.10 | 665.36 | 1,517.46 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
VVR | 1,391.66 | 602.87 | 1,330.72 | 1,366.81 | 1,346.01 | 653.64 | 687.47 | 1,564.19 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
VGM | 1,376.93 | 593.27 | 1,316.16 | 1,350.59 | 1,331.61 | 641.81 | 674.50 | 1,544.34 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
VTN | 1,098.04 | 480.43 | 1,049.59 | 1,078.89 | 1,060.95 | 520.40 | 547.34 | 1,238.52 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
IIM | 1,380.09 | 598.88 | 1,319.11 | 1,354.10 | 1,334.37 | 647.80 | 680.75 | 1,549.53 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (2) | These amounts represent the estimated annual benefits payable by the Invesco Funds upon the trustees’ retirement and assumes each Trustee serves until his or her normal retirement date. These amounts are not adjusted to reflect deemed investment appreciation or depreciation. |
| (3) | These amounts represent the compensation paid from all Invesco Funds to the individuals who serve as trustees. All Trustees currently serve as Trustee of 32 registered investment companies advised by the Adviser. |
| (4) | Mss. Brown and Krentzman and Messrs. Motley, Vandivort, and Vaughn were appointed as Trustees for the Funds effective September 17, 2019. |
| (5) | On December 31, 2019, Mr. Raymond Stickel, Jr., retired. During the fiscal year ended February 29, 2020, aggregate compensation from the Funds for Mr. Stickel was $16,318. |
B-2
ANNEX C
SHARE OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS
As of the Record Date, according to disclosure publicly filed with the SEC, the following record owners of Common Shares or Preferred Shares of each Fund held, directly or beneficially, more than 5% of the voting securities of a class of securities of each Fund. For purposes of the 1940 Act, any person who owns, directly or through one or more controlled companies, more than 25% of the voting securities of a company is presumed to “control” such company. Accordingly, to the extent that a shareholder is identified in the following table as the beneficial owner and holder of record of more than 25% of the outstanding voting securities of a Fund and has voting and/or investment power, the shareholder may be presumed to control such Fund.
Fund | Class of Shares | Name and Address of Holder | Amount of Shares Owned by Beneficial Owner | Percentage of Shares Outstanding as of Record Date | ||||||||
VKI | Common | First Trust Portfolios, L.P., First Trust Advisors, L.P., The Charger Corporation 120 East Liberty Drive, Suite 400 Wheaton, IL 60187 | 2,949,512 | 6.65 | % | |||||||
| Preferred | Bank of America Corporation 100 North Tryon Street Charlotte, North Carolina 28255 | 2,160 | 100.00 | % | ||||||||
VBF | Common | First Trust Portfolios, L.P., First Trust Advisors, L.P., The Charger Corporation 120 East Liberty Drive, Suite 400 Wheaton, IL 60187 | 2,446,621 | 21.50 | % | |||||||
VCV | Preferred | Bank of America Corporation 100 North Tryon Street Charlotte, North Carolina 28255 | 2,083 | 100.00 | % | |||||||
VTA | Common | First Trust Portfolios, L.P., First Trust Advisors, L.P., The Charger Corporation 120 East Liberty Drive, Suite 400 Wheaton, IL 60187 | 4,813,070 | 7.64 | % | |||||||
| Common | Morgan Stanley 1585 Broadway New York, NY 10036 | 5,138,243 | 8.20 | % | ||||||||
| Common | Saba Capital Management, L.P. 405 Lexington Avenue, 58th Floor New York, NY 10174 | 6,726,283 | 10.70 | % | ||||||||
C-1
Fund | Class of Shares | Name and Address of Holder | Amount of Shares Owned by Beneficial Owner | Percentage of Shares Outstanding as of Record Date | ||||||||
IHIT | Common | Morgan Stanley Smith Barney LLC 1585 Broadway New York, NY 10036 |
| 1,697,051 |
|
| 7.10 | % | ||||
IHTA | Common | Morgan Stanley Smith Barney LLC 1585 Broadway New York, NY 10036 |
| 897,497 |
|
| 10.20 | % | ||||
VLT | Common | RiverNorth Capital Management, LLC 325 N. LaSalle Street, Suite 645 Chicago, IL 60654 |
| 426,744 |
|
| 6.57 | % | ||||
OIA | Preferred | Bank of America Corp. 100 North Tryon Street Charlotte, NC 28255 | 300 | 100.00 | % | |||||||
VMO | Preferred | JPMorgan Chase Bank, National Association 1111 Polaris Parkway Columbus, OH 43240 |
| 3,676 |
|
| 100.00 | % | ||||
VKQ | Preferred | Wells Fargo & Company 420 Montgomery Street San Francisco, CA 94163 | 2,628 | 100.00 | % | |||||||
VPV | Preferred | Bank of America Corp. 100 North Tryon Street Charlotte, NC 28255 | 1,376 | 100.00 | % | |||||||
IQI | Preferred | Wells Fargo & Company 420 Montgomery Street San Francisco, CA 94163 | 2,339 | 100.00 | % | |||||||
VVR | Common | Saba Capital Management, L.P. 405 Lexington Avenue, 58th Floor New York, NY 10174 | 14,199,032 | 9.30 | % | |||||||
VGM | Preferred | JPMorgan Chase Bank, National Association 1111 Polaris Parkway Columbus, OH 43240 |
| 2,733 |
|
| 100.00 | % | ||||
VTN | Preferred | Bank of America Corp. 100 North Tryon Street Charlotte, NC 28255 | 904 | 100.00 | % | |||||||
IIM | Preferred | JPMorgan Chase Bank, National Association 1111 Polaris Parkway Columbus, OH 43240 |
| 2,331 |
|
| 100.00 | % | ||||
C-2
ANNEX D
TRUSTEE BENEFICIAL OWNERSHIP OF FUND SECURITIES
The table below indicates the aggregate dollar range of equity securities of the Funds and of all funds in the Invesco Fund Complex owned by each Trustee as of the calendar year ended December 31, 2019.
Fund | VKI | VBF | VCV | VTA | IHIT | IHTA | VLT | OIA | VMO | VKQ | VPV | IQI | VVR | VGM | VTN | IIM | Aggregate Dollar Range of Equity Securities in all Registered Investment Companies Overseen by Trustee or Nominee in the Invesco Fund Complex | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Interested Trustee |
| |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Flanagan | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | Over $100,000 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Independent Trustees |
| |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Arch | | $1 - $10,000 |
| | $10,001 - 50,000 |
| None | | $1 - $10,000 |
| None | None | | $1 - $10,000 |
| None | | $10,001 - $50,000 | | | $10,001 - $50,000 | | None | None | | $1 - $10,000 |
| | $1 - $10,000 |
| None | None | Over $100,000 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Brown(2) | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | Over $100,000 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Crockett | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | Over $100,000 | (1) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Fields | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | Over $100,000 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Hostetler | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | Over $100,000 | (1) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Jones | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | Over $100,000 | (1) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Krentzman(2) | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | Over $100,000 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
LaCava | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | Over $100,000 | (1) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Mathai-Davis | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | Over $100,000 | (1) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Motley(2) | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | Over $100,000 | (1) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Ressel | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Stern | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | Over $100,000 | (1) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Troccoli | None | None | None | None | | Over $100,000 | | | Over $100,000 | | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | Over $100,000 | (1) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
D-1
Fund | VKI | VBF | VCV | VTA | IHIT | IHTA | VLT | OIA | VMO | VKQ | VPV | IQI | VVR | VGM | VTN | IIM | Aggregate Dollar Range of Equity Securities in all Registered Investment Companies Overseen by Trustee or Nominee in the Invesco Fund Complex | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Vandivort(2) | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | Over $100,000 | (1) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Vaughn(2) | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | Over $100,000 | (1) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Wilson | None | None | None | None | | $10,001 - $50,000 | | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | Over $100,000 | (1) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (1) | Includes the total amount of compensation deferred by the Trustee at his or her election pursuant to a deferred compensation plan. Such deferred compensation is placed in a deferral account and deemed to be invested in one or more of the funds in the Invesco Funds. |
| (2) | The information in this table is as of December 31, 2019. Mss. Brown and Krentzman and Messrs. Motley, Vandivort, and Vaughn were appointed as Trustees for the Funds effective September 17, 2019. |
As of December 31, 2019, the Trustees, Nominees and executive officers as a group owned less than 1% of a class of shares of any Fund.
D-2
ANNEX E
FEES BILLED BY INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
During each Fund’s prior two fiscal years, the Funds were billed the amounts listed below by PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP (“PwC”), the Funds’ independent registered public accounting firm, for audit andnon-audit services rendered to the Funds. During each Fund’s prior two fiscal years, all audit ornon-audit services provided to the Funds by PwC were approved by each Fund’s Audit Committee in accordance with itspre-approval policies and procedures.
Fees Billed for Services Rendered to the Funds for Fiscal Year Ended February 29, 2020
| Non-Audit Fees | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Fund | Audit Fees | Audit-Related Fees | Tax Fees(1) | All Other Fees | Total Non-Audit Fees | Total Fees | ||||||||||||||||||
VKI | $ | 56,907 | $ | 0 | $19,377 | $ | 0 | $19,377 | $ | 76,284 | ||||||||||||||
VBF | 40,514 | 0 | 27,302 | 0 | 27,302 | 67,816 | ||||||||||||||||||
VCV | 56,907 | 0 | 19,377 | 0 | 19,377 | 76,284 | ||||||||||||||||||
VTA | 119,861 | 0 | 27,852 | 0 | 27,852 | 147,713 | ||||||||||||||||||
IHIT | 69,940 | 0 | 24,077 | 0 | 24,077 | 94,017 | ||||||||||||||||||
IHTA | 69,940 | 0 | 24,077 | 0 | 24,077 | 94,017 | ||||||||||||||||||
VLT | 48,266 | 0 | 24,102 | 0 | 24,102 | 72,368 | ||||||||||||||||||
OIA | 56,907 | 0 | 19,377 | 0 | 19,377 | 76,284 | ||||||||||||||||||
VMO | 56,907 | 0 | 19,377 | 0 | 19,377 | 76,284 | ||||||||||||||||||
VKQ | 56,907 | 0 | 19,377 | 0 | 19,377 | 76,284 | ||||||||||||||||||
VPV | 56,907 | 0 | 19,377 | 0 | 19,377 | 76,284 | ||||||||||||||||||
IQI | 56,907 | 0 | 19,377 | 0 | 19,377 | 76,284 | ||||||||||||||||||
VVR | 119,861 | 0 | 29,552 | 0 | 29,552 | 149,413 | ||||||||||||||||||
VGM | 56,907 | 0 | 19,377 | 0 | 19,377 | 76,284 | ||||||||||||||||||
VTN | 56,907 | 0 | 19,377 | 0 | 19,377 | 76,284 | ||||||||||||||||||
IIM | 56,907 | 0 | 19,377 | 0 | 19,377 | 76,284 | ||||||||||||||||||
Fees Billed for Services Rendered to the Funds for Fiscal Year Ended February 28, 2019
| Non-Audit Fees | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Fund | Audit Fees | Audit-Related Fees | Tax Fees(1) | All Other Fees | Total Non-Audit Fees | Total Fees | ||||||||||||||||||
VKI | $ | 52,825 | $ | 0 | $5,700 | $ | 0 | $5,700 | $ | 58,525 | ||||||||||||||
VBF | 42,825 | 0 | 7,825 | 0 | 7,825 | 50,650 | ||||||||||||||||||
VCV | 52,825 | 0 | 5,700 | 0 | 5,700 | 58,525 | ||||||||||||||||||
VTA | 78,075 | 0 | 5,075 | 0 | 5,075 | 83,150 | ||||||||||||||||||
IHIT | 65,375 | 0 | 15,600 | 0 | 15,600 | 80,975 | ||||||||||||||||||
IHTA | 65,375 | 0 | 15,600 | 0 | 15,600 | 80,975 | ||||||||||||||||||
VLT | 42,825 | 0 | 7,825 | 0 | 7,825 | 50,650 | ||||||||||||||||||
OIA | 52,825 | 0 | 5,700 | 0 | 5,700 | 58,525 | ||||||||||||||||||
VMO | 52,825 | 0 | 5,700 | 0 | 5,700 | 58,525 | ||||||||||||||||||
VKQ | 52,825 | 0 | 5,700 | 0 | 5,700 | 58,525 | ||||||||||||||||||
VPV | 52,825 | 0 | 5,700 | 0 | 5,700 | 58,525 | ||||||||||||||||||
IQI | 52,825 | 0 | 5,700 | 0 | 5,700 | 58,525 | ||||||||||||||||||
VVR | 78,075 | 0 | 5,075 | 0 | 5,075 | 83,150 | ||||||||||||||||||
VGM | 52,825 | 0 | 5,700 | 0 | 5,700 | 58,525 | ||||||||||||||||||
VTN | 52,825 | 0 | 5,700 | 0 | 5,700 | 58,525 | ||||||||||||||||||
IIM | 52,825 | 0 | 5,700 | 0 | 5,700 | 58,525 | ||||||||||||||||||
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| (1) | Tax Fees for the fiscal year end February 29, 2020 includes fees billed for preparation of U.S. Tax Returns and Taxable Income calculations, including excise tax andyear-to-date estimates for variousbook-to-tax differences. Tax fees for fiscal year end February 28, 2019 includes fees billed for reviewing tax returns and/or services related to tax compliance. |
Fees Billed by PwC Related to Invesco and Invesco Affiliates
PwC billed Invesco Advisers, Inc. (“Invesco”), the Funds’ adviser, and any entity controlling, controlled by or under common control with Invesco that provides ongoing services to the Funds (“Invesco Affiliates”) aggregate fees forpre-approvednon-audit services rendered to Invesco and Invesco Affiliates for the last two fiscal years as follows:
| Fees Billed for Non- Audit Services Rendered to Invesco and Invesco Affiliates for fiscal year end 2020 That Were Required to bePre-Approved by the Registrant’s Audit Committee | Fees Billed for Non- Audit Services Rendered to Invesco and Invesco Affiliates for fiscal year end 2019 That Were Required to bePre-Approved by the Registrant’s Audit Committee | |||||||
Audit-Related Fees(1) | $ | 690,000 | $ | 690,000 | ||||
Tax Fees | 0 | 0 | ||||||
All Other Fees | 0 | 0 | ||||||
|
|
|
| |||||
Total Fees | $ | 690,000 | $ | 690,000 | ||||
| (1) | Audit-Related fees for the years ended 2020 and 2019 include fees billed related to reviewing controls at a service organization. |
(e)(2) There were no amounts that werepre-approved by the Audit Committee pursuant to the de minimis exception under Rule2-01 of RegulationS-X. |
(f) Not applicable. |
(g) In addition to the amounts shown in the tables above, PwC billed Invesco and Invesco Affiliates aggregate fees of $4,779,000 for the fiscal year ended February 29, 2020 and $4,240,000 for the fiscal year ended February 28, 2019 fornon-audit services not required to bepre-approved by the Registrant’s Audit Committee. |
PwC provided audit services to the Investment Company complex of approximately $33 million. |
(h) The Audit Committee also has considered whether the provision ofnon-audit services that were rendered to Invesco and Invesco Affiliates that were not required to bepre-approved pursuant to SEC regulations, if any, is compatible with maintaining PwC’s independence. |
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PRE-APPROVAL OF AUDIT ANDNON-AUDIT SERVICES
POLICIES AND PROCEDURES
As adopted by the Audit Committees
of the Invesco Funds (the “Funds”)
Last Amended March 29, 2017
| I. | Statement of Principles |
The Audit Committees (the “AuditCommittee”) of the Boards of Trustees of the Funds (the “Board”) have adopted these policies and procedures (the “Procedures”) with respect to thepre-approval of audit andnon-audit services to be provided by the Funds’ independent auditor (the “Auditor”) to the Funds, and to the Funds’ investment adviser(s) and any entity controlling, controlled by, or under common control with the investment adviser(s) that provides ongoing services to the Funds (collectively, “ServiceAffiliates”).
Under Section 202 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, all audit andnon-audit services provided to the Funds by the Auditor must be preapproved by the Audit Committee.Rule 2-01 of RegulationS-X requires that the Audit Committee alsopre-approve a Service Affiliate’s engagement of the Auditor fornon-audit services if the engagement relates directly to the operations and financial reporting of the Funds (a “Service Affiliate’s Covered Engagement”).
These Procedures set forth the procedures and the conditions pursuant to which the Audit Committee maypre-approve audit andnon-audit services for the Funds and a Service Affiliate’s Covered Engagement pursuant to rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) and other organizations and regulatory bodies applicable to the Funds (“Applicable Rules”).1 They address both generalpre-approvals without consideration of specificcase-by-case services (“generalpre-approvals”) andpre-approvals on acase-by-case basis (“specificpre-approvals”). Any services requiringpre-approval that are not within the scope of generalpre-approvals hereunder are subject to specificpre-approval. These Procedures also address the delegation by the Audit Committee ofpre-approval authority to the Audit Committee Chair or Vice Chair.
| II. | Pre-Approval of Fund Audit Services |
The annual Fund audit services engagement, including terms and fees, is subject to specificpre-approval by the Audit Committee. Audit services include the annual financial statement audit and other procedures required to be performed by an independent auditor to be able to form an opinion on the Funds’ financial statements. The Audit Committee will receive, review and consider sufficient information concerning a proposed Fund audit engagement to make a reasonable evaluation of the Auditor’s qualifications and independence. The Audit Committee will oversee the Fund audit services engagement as necessary, including approving any changes in terms, audit scope, conditions and fees.
In addition to approving the Fund audit services engagement at least annually and specifically approving any changes, the Audit Committee may generally or specifically
| 1 | Applicable Rules include, for example, New York Stock Exchange (“NYSE”) rules applicable toclosed-end funds managed by Invesco and listed on the NYSE. |
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pre-approve engagements for other audit services, which are those services that only an independent auditor reasonably can provide. Other audit services may include services associated with SEC registration statements, periodic reports and other documents filed with the SEC.
| III. | General and SpecificPre-Approval ofNon-Audit Fund Services |
The Audit Committee will consider, at least annually, the list of GeneralPre-ApprovedNon-Audit Services which list may be terminated or modified at any time by the Audit Committee. To inform the Audit Committee’s review and approval of GeneralPre-ApprovedNon-Audit Services, the Funds’ Treasurer (or his or her designee) and Auditor shall provide such information regarding independence or other matters as the Audit Committee may request.
Any services or fee ranges that are not within the scope of GeneralPre-ApprovedNon-Audit Services have not received generalpre-approval and require specificpre-approval. Each request for specificpre-approval by the Audit Committee for services to be provided by the Auditor to the Funds must be submitted to the Audit Committee by the Funds’ Treasurer (or his or her designee)and must include detailed information about the services to be provided, the fees or fee ranges to be charged, and other relevant information sufficient to allow the Audit Committee to consider whether topre-approve such engagement, including evaluating whether the provision of such services will impair the independence of the Auditor and is otherwise consistent with Applicable Rules.
| IV. | Non-Audit Service Types |
The Audit Committee may provide either general or specificpre-approval of audit-related, tax or other services, each as described in more detail below.
| a. | Audit-Related Services |
“Audit-related services” are assurance and related services that are reasonably related to the performance of the audit or review of the Fund’s financial statements or that are traditionally performed by an independent auditor. Audit-related services include, among others, accounting consultations related to accounting, financial reporting or disclosure matters not classified as “Audit services”; assistance with understanding and implementing new accounting and financial reporting guidance from rulemaking authorities; services related to mergers, acquisitions or dispositions; compliance with ratings agency requirements and interfund lending activities; and assistance with internal control reporting requirements.
| b. | Tax Services |
“Tax services” include, but are not limited to, the review and signing of the Funds’ federal tax returns, the review of required distributions by the Funds and consultations regarding tax matters such as the tax treatment of new investments or the impact of new regulations. The Audit Committee will not approve proposed services of the Auditor which the Audit Committee believes are to be provided in connection with a service or transaction initially recommended by the Auditor, the sole business purpose of which may be tax
E-4
avoidance and the tax treatment of which may not be supported in the Internal Revenue Code and related regulations. The Audit Committee will consult with the Funds’ Treasurer (or his or her designee) and may consult with outside counsel or advisers as necessary to ensure the consistency of tax services rendered by the Auditor with the foregoing policy. The Auditor shall not represent any Fund or any Service Affiliate before a tax court, district court or federal court of claims.
Each request to provide tax services under either the general or specificpre-approval of the Audit Committee will include a description from the Auditor in writing of (i) the scope of the service, the fee structure for the engagement, and any side letter or other amendment to the engagement letter, or any other agreement (whether oral, written, or otherwise) between the Auditor and the Funds, relating to the service; and (ii) any compensation arrangement or other agreement, such as a referral agreement, a referral fee orfee-sharing arrangement, between the Auditor (or an affiliate of the Auditor) and any person (other than the Funds or Service Affiliates receiving the services) with respect to the promoting, marketing, or recommending of a transaction covered by the service. The Auditor will also discuss with the Audit Committee the potential effects of the services on the independence of the Auditor, and document the substance of its discussion with the Audit Committee.
| c. | Other Services |
The Audit Committee maypre-approve othernon-audit services so long as the Audit Committee believes that the service will not impair the independence of the Auditor.Appendix I includes a list of services that the Auditor is prohibited from performing by the SEC rules.Appendix I also includes a list of services that would impair the Auditor’s independence unless the Audit Committee reasonably concludes that the results of the services will not be subject to audit procedures during an audit of the Funds’ financial statements.
| V. | Pre-Approval of Service Affiliate’s Covered Engagements |
Rule2-01 of RegulationS-X requires that the Audit Committeepre-approve a Service Affiliate’s engagement of the Auditor fornon-audit services if the engagement relates directly to the operations and financial reporting of the Funds, defined above as a “Service Affiliate’s Covered Engagement.”
The Audit Committee may provide either general or specificpre-approval of any Service Affiliate’s Covered Engagement, including for audit-related, tax or other services, as described above, if the Audit Committee believes that the provision of the services to a Service Affiliate will not impair the independence of the Auditor with respect to the Funds. Any Service Affiliate’s Covered Engagements that are not within the scope of GeneralPre-ApprovedNon-Audit Services have not received generalpre-approval and require specificpre-approval.
Each request for specificpre-approval by the Audit Committee of a Service Affiliate’s Covered Engagement must be submitted to the Audit Committee by the Funds’ Treasurer (or his or her designee)and must include detailed information about the services to be provided, the fees or fee ranges to be charged, a description of the current status of thepre-approval
E-5
process involving other audit committees in the Invesco investment company complex (as defined in Rule2-201 of RegulationS-X) with respect to the proposed engagement, and other relevant information sufficient to allow the Audit Committee to consider whether the provision of such services will impair the independence of the Auditor from the Funds. Additionally, the Funds’ Treasurer (or his or her designee) and the Auditor will provide the Audit Committee with a statement that the proposed engagement requirespre-approval by the Audit Committee, the proposed engagement, in their view, will not impair the independence of the Auditor and is consistent with Applicable Rules, and the description of the proposed engagement provided to the Audit Committee is consistent with that presented to or approved by the Invesco audit committee.
Information about all Service Affiliate engagements of the Auditor fornon-audit services, whether or not subject topre-approval by the Audit Committee, shall be provided to the Audit Committee at least quarterly, to allow the Audit Committee to consider whether the provision of such services is compatible with maintaining the Auditor’s independence from the Funds. The Funds’ Treasurer and Auditor shall provide the Audit Committee with sufficiently detailed information about the scope of services provided and the fees for such services, to ensure that the Audit Committee can adequately consider whether the provision of such services is compatible with maintaining the Auditor’s independence from the Funds.
| VI. | Pre-Approved Fee Levels or Established Amounts |
Pre-approved fee levels or ranges for audit andnon-audit services to be provided by the Auditor to the Funds, and for a Service Affiliate’s Covered Engagement, under generalpre-approval or specificpre-approval will be set periodically by the Audit Committee. Any proposed fees exceeding 110% of the maximumpre-approved fee levels or ranges for such services or engagements will be promptly presented to the Audit Committee and will require specificpre-approval by the Audit Committee before payment of any additional fees is made.
| VII. | Delegation |
The Audit Committee hereby delegates, subject to the dollar limitations set forth below, specific authority to its Chair, or in his or her absence, Vice Chair, topre-approve audit andnon-audit services proposed to be provided by the Auditor to the Funds and/or a Service Affiliate’s Covered Engagement, between Audit Committee meetings. Such delegation does not preclude the Chair or Vice Chair from declining, on a case by case basis, to exercise his or her delegated authority and instead convening the Audit Committee to consider andpre-approve any proposed services or engagements.
Notwithstanding the foregoing, the Audit Committee mustpre-approve: (a) anynon-audit services to be provided to the Funds for which the fees are estimated to exceed $500,000; (b) any Service Affiliate’s Covered Engagement for which the fees are estimated to exceed $500,000; or (c) any cost increase to any previously approved service or engagement that exceeds the greater of $250,000 or 50% of the previously approved fees up to a maximum increase of $500,000.
E-6
| VIII. | Compliance with Procedures |
Notwithstanding anything herein to the contrary, failure topre-approve any services or engagements that are not required to bepre-approved pursuant to the de minimis exception provided for in Rule2-01(c)(7)(i)(C) of RegulationS-X shall not constitute a violation of these Procedures. The Audit Committee has designated the Funds’ Treasurer to ensure services and engagements arepre-approved in compliance with these Procedures. The Funds’ Treasurer will immediately report to the Chair of the Audit Committee, or the Vice Chair in his or her absence, any breach of these Procedures that comes to the attention of the Funds’ Treasurer or any services or engagements that are not required to bepre-approved pursuant to the de minimis exception provided for in Rule2-01(c)(7)(i)(C) ofRegulation S-X.
On at least an annual basis, the Auditor will provide the Audit Committee with a summary of allnon-audit services provided to any entity in the investment company complex (as defined in section2-01(f)(14) of RegulationS-X, including the Funds and Service Affiliates) that were notpre-approved, including the nature of services provided and the associated fees.
| IX. | Amendments to Procedures |
All material amendments to these Procedures must be approved in advance by the Audit Committee.Non-material amendments to these Procedures may be made by the Legal and Compliance Departments and will be reported to the Audit Committee at the next regularly scheduled meeting of the Audit Committee.
E-7
Appendix I
Non-Audit Services That May Impair the Auditor’s Independence
The Auditor is not independent if, at any point during the audit and professional engagement, the Auditor provides the followingnon-audit services:
| • | Management functions; |
| • | Human resources; |
| • | Broker-dealer, investment adviser, or investment banking services ; |
| • | Legal services; |
| • | Expert services unrelated to the audit; |
| • | Any service or product provided for a contingent fee or a commission; |
| • | Services related to marketing, planning, or opining in favor of the tax treatment of confidential transactions or aggressive tax position transactions, a significant purpose of which is tax avoidance; |
| • | Tax services for persons in financial reporting oversight roles at the Fund; and |
| • | Any other service that the Public Company Oversight Board determines by regulation is impermissible. |
An Auditor is not independent if, at any point during the audit and professional engagement, the Auditor provides the followingnon-audit services unless it is reasonable to conclude that the results of the services will not be subject to audit procedures during an audit of the Funds’ financial statements:
| • | Bookkeeping or other services related to the accounting records or financial statements of the audit client; |
| • | Financial information systems design and implementation; |
| • | Appraisal or valuation services, fairness opinions, orcontribution-in-kind reports; |
| • | Actuarial services; and |
| • | Internal audit outsourcing services. |
E-8
CE-PXY
EVERY SHAREHOLDER’S VOTE IS IMPORTANT!
VOTE THIS PROXY CARD TODAY!
| EASY VOTING OPTIONS: | ||||
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| VOTE BY MAIL Vote, sign and date this Proxy Card and return in the postage-paid envelope | |||
 | VOTE AT THE VIRTUAL MEETING at the following Website http://www.meetingcenter.io/220918472 on August 7 at 2:00 p.m. Central Daylight Time. To Participate in the Virtual Meeting enter the14-digit control number from the shaded box on this card. The Password for this meeting is ICEF2020. | |||
  | ||||
Please detach at perforation before mailing.
 | INVESCO FUNDS (the “Funds”) PROXY SOLICITED ON BEHALF OF THE BOARD OF TRUSTEES (the “Board”) PROXY FOR THE JOINT ANNUAL MEETING OF SHAREHOLDERS TO BE HELD ON AUGUST 7, 2020 |
COMMON SHARES
The undersigned holder of Common Shares of the Fund(s) listed on the reverse side hereby revokes all previous proxies for his/her Common Shares of the Fund(s) and appoints Andrew Schlossberg, Jeffrey H. Kupor, Sheri S. Morris, Joseph Benedetti, Melanie Ringold, Elizabeth Nelson, and Louis Ducote, and any one of them separately, proxies with full power of substitution in each, and hereby authorizes them to represent and to vote, as designated, at the Joint Annual Meeting of Shareholders to be held only online via live webcast, and at any adjournment(s), postponement(s) or delay(s) thereof, all of the Common Shares of the Fund(s) which the undersigned would be entitled to vote if personally present. To access the virtual meeting, enter the following Virtual Shareholder Meeting link,http://www.meetingcenter.io/220918472 on August 7, 2020, prior to 2:00 p.m., Central Daylight Time, and enter the14-digit control number from the shaded box. The Password for this meeting isICEF2020. Please refer to the Proxy Statement for a discussion of these matters, including instructions related to meeting attendance.
THIS PROXY CARD, WHEN PROPERLY EXECUTED, WILL BE VOTED IN THE MANNER DIRECTED HEREIN. IF THIS PROXY CARD IS SIGNED AND RETURNED WITH NO CHOICE INDICATED, THE SHARES WILL BE VOTED “FOR ALL” THE NOMINEES AT THE DISCRETION OF THE PROXIES. PROXIES ARE AUTHORIZED TO VOTE, IN THEIR DISCRETION, UPON SUCH OTHER BUSINESS AS MAY PROPERLY COME BEFORE THE MEETING AND IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE VOTING STANDARDS SET FORTH IN THE PROXY STATEMENT WITH RESPECT TO ANY ADJOURNMENT OR POSTPONEMENT OF THE MEETING.
NOTE: If you vote by telephone or on the Internet, please do NOT return your proxy card as it may cancel out your telephone or Internet vote.
VOTE VIA THE INTERNET: www.proxy-direct.com VOTE VIA THETELEPHONE: 1-800-337-3503
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INV_31339_061720_1A
PLEASE VOTE VIA INTERNET OR TELEPHONE OR MARK, SIGN, DATE ON THE REVERSE SIDE AND RETURN THIS PROXY PROMPTLY USING THE ENCLOSED ENVELOPE.
EVERY SHAREHOLDER’S VOTE IS IMPORTANT!
VOTE THIS PROXY CARD TODAY!
Important Notice Regarding the Availability of Proxy Materials for the
Joint Annual Meeting of Shareholders to Be Held on August 7, 2020
The Proxy Statement/Prospectus for this meeting is available at:
https://www.proxy-direct.com/inv-31339
QUESTIONS ABOUT THIS PROXY?If you have any questions about how to vote your proxy or about the Joint Annual Meeting in general, please call toll-free(866)856-3065. Representatives are available to assist you Monday through Friday 9 a.m. to 10 p.m. Eastern time.
FUNDS | FUNDS | FUNDS | ||
| Invesco Advantage Municipal Income Trust II | Invesco California Value Municipal Income Trust | Invesco Dynamic Credit Opportunities Fund | ||
| Invesco Municipal Income Opportunities Trust | Invesco Municipal Opportunity Trust | Invesco Municipal Trust | ||
| Invesco Pennsylvania Value Municipal Income Trust | Invesco Quality Municipal Income Trust | Invesco Senior Income Trust | ||
| Invesco Trust for Investment Grade Municipals | Invesco Trust for Investment Grade NY Municipals | Invesco Value Municipal Income Trust |
Please detach at perforation before mailing.
This proxy is solicited on behalf of the Board. The Board recommends voting “FOR ALL” of the nominees.
| TO VOTE, MARK A BOX BELOW IN BLUE OR BLACK INK. EXAMPLE: | X |
| A | Proposal |
| 1a. | Election of Trustees. To withhold authority to vote for any individual nominee(s) mark the “For All Except” and write the nominee number on the line provided. | |||||||||||
| 01. | Beth Ann Brown | 02. | Anthony J. LaCava, Jr. | 03. | Joel W. Motley | |||||||
| 04. | Teresa M. Ressel | 05. | Christopher L. Wilson | |||||||||
| FOR | WITHHOLD | FOR ALL | FOR | WITHHOLD | FOR ALL | |||||||||||
| ALL | ALL | EXCEPT | ALL | ALL | EXCEPT | |||||||||||
| 01 Invesco Advantage Municipal Income Trust II | ☐ | ☐ | ☐ | ____02 Invesco California Value Municipal Income Trust | ☐ | ☐ | ☐ | ____ | ||||||||
| 03 Invesco Dynamic Credit Opportunities Fund | ☐ | ☐ | ☐ | ____04 Invesco Municipal Income Opportunities Trust | ☐ | ☐ | ☐ | ____ | ||||||||
| 05 Invesco Municipal Opportunity Trust | ☐ | ☐ | ☐ | ____06 Invesco Municipal Trust | ☐ | ☐ | ☐ | ____ | ||||||||
| 07 Invesco Pennsylvania Value Municipal Income Trust | ☐ | ☐ | ☐ | ____08 Invesco Quality Municipal Income Trust | ☐ | ☐ | ☐ | ____ | ||||||||
| 09 Invesco Senior Income Trust | ☐ | ☐ | ☐ | ____10 Invesco Trust for Investment Grade Municipals | ☐ | ☐ | ☐ | ____ | ||||||||
| 11 Invesco Trust for Investment Grade NY Municipals | ☐ | ☐ | ☐ | ____12 Invesco Value Municipal Income Trust | ☐ | ☐ | ☐ | ____ |
| B | Authorized Signatures — This section must be completed for your vote to be counted. — Sign and Date Below |
| Note: | Please sign exactly as your name(s) appear(s) on this Proxy Card, and date it. When shares are held jointly, one or more owners should sign personally. When signing as attorney, executor, guardian, administrator, trustee, officer of corporation or other entity or in another representative capacity, please give the full title under the signature. |
| Date (mm/dd/yyyy) — Please print date below | Signature 1 — Please keep signature within the box | Signature 2 — Please keep signature within the box | ||||||
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| xxxxxxxxxxxxxx | INV2 31339 | M | xxxxxxxx | |||||||||
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EVERY SHAREHOLDER’S VOTE IS IMPORTANT!
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| VOTE BY PHONE Call1-800-337-3503 Follow the recorded instructions available 24 hours | |||
| VOTE BY MAIL Vote, sign and date this Proxy Card and return in the postage-paid envelope | |||
| VOTE AT THE VIRTUAL MEETING at the following Website http://www.meetingcenter.io/220918472 on August 7 at 2:00 p.m. Central Daylight Time. To Participate in the Virtual Meeting enter the14-digit control number from the shaded box on this card. The Password for this meeting is ICEF2020. | |||
| | ||||
Please detach at perforation before mailing.
| INVESCO FUNDS (the “Funds”) PROXY SOLICITED ON BEHALF OF THE BOARD OF TRUSTEES (the “Board”) PROXY FOR THE JOINT ANNUAL MEETING OF SHAREHOLDERS TO BE HELD ON AUGUST 7, 2020 |
COMMON SHARES
The undersigned holder of Common Shares of the Fund(s) listed on the reverse side hereby revokes all previous proxies for his/her Common Shares of the Fund(s) and appoints Andrew Schlossberg, Jeffrey H. Kupor, Sheri S. Morris, Joseph Benedetti, Melanie Ringold, Elizabeth Nelson, and Louis Ducote, and any one of them separately, proxies with full power of substitution in each, and hereby authorizes them to represent and to vote, as designated, at the Joint Annual Meeting of Shareholders to be held only online via live webcast, and at any adjournment(s), postponement(s) or delay(s) thereof, all of the Common Shares of the Fund(s) which the undersigned would be entitled to vote if personally present. To access the virtual meeting, enter the following Virtual Shareholder Meeting link,http://www.meetingcenter.io/220918472 on August 7, 2020, prior to 2:00 p.m., Central Daylight Time, and enter the 14-digit control number from the shaded box. The Password for this meeting isICEF2020.Please refer to the Proxy Statement for a discussion of these matters, including instructions related to meeting attendance.
THIS PROXY CARD, WHEN PROPERLY EXECUTED, WILL BE VOTED IN THE MANNER DIRECTED HEREIN. IF THIS PROXY CARD IS SIGNED AND RETURNED WITH NO CHOICE INDICATED, THE SHARES WILL BE VOTED “FOR ALL” THE NOMINEES AT THE DISCRETION OF THE PROXIES. PROXIES ARE AUTHORIZED TO VOTE, IN THEIR DISCRETION, UPON SUCH OTHER BUSINESS AS MAY PROPERLY COME BEFORE THE MEETING AND IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE VOTING STANDARDS SET FORTH IN THE PROXY STATEMENT WITH RESPECT TO ANY ADJOURNMENT OR POSTPONEMENT OF THE MEETING.
NOTE: If you vote by telephone or on the Internet, please do NOT return your proxy card as it may cancel out your telephone or Internet vote.
VOTE VIA THE INTERNET: www.proxy-direct.com VOTE VIA THETELEPHONE: 1-800-337-3503
|
INV_31339_061620_1C
PLEASE VOTE VIA INTERNET OR TELEPHONE OR MARK, SIGN, DATE ON THE REVERSE SIDE AND RETURN THIS PROXY PROMPTLY USING THE ENCLOSED ENVELOPE.
EVERY SHAREHOLDER’S VOTE IS IMPORTANT!
VOTE THIS PROXY CARD TODAY!
Important Notice Regarding the Availability of Proxy Materials for the
Joint Annual Meeting of Shareholders to Be Held on August 7, 2020
The Proxy Statement/Prospectus for this meeting is available at:
https://www.proxy-direct.com/inv-31339
QUESTIONS ABOUT THIS PROXY?If you have any questions about how to vote your proxy or about the Joint Annual Meeting in general, please call toll-free(866) 856-3065. Representatives are available to assist you Monday through Friday 9 a.m. to 10 p.m. Eastern time.
| FUNDS | FUNDS | FUNDS | ||
| Invesco Bond Fund | Invesco High Income Trust II | Invesco High Income 2023 Target Term Fund | ||
| Invesco High Income 2024 Target Term Fund |
Please detach at perforation before mailing.
This proxy is solicited on behalf of the Board. The Board recommends voting “FOR ALL” of the nominees.
| TO VOTE, MARK A BOX BELOW IN BLUE OR BLACK INK. EXAMPLE: | X |
| A | Proposal |
| 1c. | Election of Trustees: To withhold authority to vote for any individual nominee(s) mark the “For All Except” and write the nominee number on the line provided. | |||||||||||
| 01. | David C. Arch | 02. | Beth Ann Brown | 03. | Anthony J. LaCava, Jr. | |||||||
| 04. | Joel W. Motley | 05. | Teresa M. Ressel | 06. | Christopher L. Wilson | |||||||
| FOR | WITHHOLD | FOR ALL | FOR | WITHHOLD | FOR ALL | |||||||||||
| ALL | ALL | EXCEPT | ALL | ALL | EXCEPT | |||||||||||
| 01 Invesco Bond Fund | ☐ | ☐ | ☐ | ____02 Invesco High Income Trust II | ☐ | ☐ | ☐ | ____ | ||||||||
| 03 Invesco High Income 2023 Target Term Fund | ☐ | ☐ | ☐ | ____04 Invesco High Income 2024 Target Term Fund | ☐ | ☐ | ☐ | ____ |
| B | Authorized Signatures — This section must be completed for your vote to be counted. — Sign and Date Below |
| Note: | Please sign exactly as your name(s) appear(s) on this Proxy Card, and date it. When shares are held jointly, one or more owners should sign personally. When signing as attorney, executor, guardian, administrator, trustee, officer of corporation or other entity or in another representative capacity, please give the full title under the signature. |
| Date (mm/dd/yyyy) — Please print date below | Signature 1 — Please keep signature within the box | Signature 2 — Please keep signature within the box | ||||||
/ / |
| Scanner bar code |
| xxxxxxxxxxxxxx | INV1 31339 | M | xxxxxxxx | |||||||||
|
|
EVERY SHAREHOLDER’S VOTE IS IMPORTANT!
VOTE THIS PROXY CARD TODAY!
| EASY VOTING OPTIONS: | ||||
| VOTE ON THE INTERNET Log on to: www.proxy-direct.com or scan the QR code Follow theon-screen instructions available 24 hours | |||
| VOTE BY PHONE Call1-800-337-3503 Follow the recorded instructions available 24 hours | |||
| VOTE BY MAIL Vote, sign and date this Proxy Card and return in the postage-paid envelope | |||
| VOTE AT THE VIRTUAL MEETING at the following Website http://www.meetingcenter.io/220918472 on August 7 at 2:00 p.m. Central Daylight Time. To Participate in the Virtual Meeting enter the14-digit control number from the shaded box on this card. The Password for this meeting is ICEF2020.
| |||
| | ||||
Please detach at perforation before mailing.
| INVESCO FUNDS (the “Funds”) PROXY SOLICITED ON BEHALF OF THE BOARD OF TRUSTEES (the “Board”) PROXY FOR THE JOINT ANNUAL MEETING OF SHAREHOLDERS TO BE HELD ON AUGUST 7, 2020 |
PREFERRED SHARES
The undersigned holder of Preferred Shares of the Fund(s) listed on the reverse side hereby revokes all previous proxies for his/her Preferred Shares of the Fund(s) and appoints Andrew Schlossberg, Jeffrey H. Kupor, Sheri S. Morris, Joseph Benedetti, Melanie Ringold, Elizabeth Nelson, and Louis Ducote, and any one of them separately, proxies with full power of substitution in each, and hereby authorizes them to represent and to vote, as designated, at the Joint Annual Meeting of Shareholders to be held only online via live webcast, and at any adjournment(s), postponement(s) or delay(s) thereof, all of the Preferred Shares of the Fund(s) which the undersigned would be entitled to vote if personally present. To access the virtual meeting, enter the following Virtual Shareholder Meeting link,http://www.meetingcenter.io/220918472 on August 7, 2020, prior to 2:00 p.m., Central Daylight Time, and enter the 14-digit control number from the shaded box. The Password for this meeting isICEF2020.Please refer to the Proxy Statement for a discussion of these matters, including instructions related to meeting attendance.
THIS PROXY CARD, WHEN PROPERLY EXECUTED, WILL BE VOTED IN THE MANNER DIRECTED HEREIN. IF THIS PROXY CARD IS SIGNED AND RETURNED WITH NO CHOICE INDICATED, THE SHARES WILL BE VOTED “FOR ALL” THE NOMINEES AT THE DISCRETION OF THE PROXIES. PROXIES ARE AUTHORIZED TO VOTE, IN THEIR DISCRETION, UPON SUCH OTHER BUSINESS AS MAY PROPERLY COME BEFORE THE MEETING AND IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE VOTING STANDARDS SET FORTH IN THE PROXY STATEMENT WITH RESPECT TO ANY ADJOURNMENT OR POSTPONEMENT OF THE MEETING.
NOTE: If you vote by telephone or on the Internet, please do NOT return your proxy card as it may cancel out your telephone or Internet vote.
VOTE VIA THE INTERNET: www.proxy-direct.com VOTE VIA THETELEPHONE: 1-800-337-3503
|
INV_31339_061720_Pref_A
PLEASE VOTE VIA INTERNET OR TELEPHONE OR MARK, SIGN, DATE ON THE REVERSE SIDE AND RETURN THIS PROXY PROMPTLY USING THE ENCLOSED ENVELOPE.
EVERY SHAREHOLDER’S VOTE IS IMPORTANT!
VOTE THIS PROXY CARD TODAY!
Important Notice Regarding the Availability of Proxy Materials for the
Joint Annual Meeting of Shareholders to Be Held on August 7, 2020
The Proxy Statement/Prospectus for this meeting is available at:
https://www.proxy-direct.com/inv-31339
QUESTIONS ABOUT THIS PROXY?If you have any questions about how to vote your proxy or about the Joint Annual Meeting in general, please call toll-free(866) 856-3065. Representatives are available to assist you Monday through Friday 9 a.m. to 10 p.m. Eastern time.
FUNDS | FUNDS | FUNDS | ||
| Invesco Advantage Municipal Income Trust II | Invesco California Value Municipal Income Trust | Invesco Dynamic Credit Opportunities Fund | ||
| Invesco Municipal Income Opportunities Trust | Invesco Municipal Opportunity Trust | Invesco Municipal Trust | ||
Please detach at perforation before mailing.
This proxy is solicited on behalf of the Board. The Board recommends voting “FOR ALL” of the nominees.
| TO VOTE, MARK A BOX BELOW IN BLUE OR BLACK INK. EXAMPLE: | X |
| A | Proposal |
| 1a. | Election of Trustees. To withhold authority to vote for any individual nominee(s) mark the “For All Except” and write the nominee number on the line provided. | |||||||||||
| 01. | Beth Ann Brown | 02. | Anthony J. LaCava, Jr. | 03. | Joel W. Motley | |||||||
| 04. | Teresa M. Ressel | 05. | Christopher L. Wilson | |||||||||
| FOR | WITHHOLD | FOR ALL | FOR | WITHHOLD | FOR ALL | |||||||||||
| ALL | ALL | EXCEPT | ALL | ALL | EXCEPT | |||||||||||
| 01 Invesco Advantage Municipal Income Trust II | ☐ | ☐ | ☐ | ____02 Invesco California Value Municipal Income Trust | ☐ | ☐ | ☐ | ____ | ||||||||
| 03 Invesco Dynamic Credit Opportunities Fund | ☐ | ☐ | ☐ | ____04 Invesco Municipal Income Opportunities Trust | ☐ | ☐ | ☐ | ____ | ||||||||
| 05 Invesco Municipal Opportunity Trust | ☐ | ☐ | ☐ | ____06 Invesco Municipal Trust | ☐ | ☐ | ☐ | ____ |
| 1b. | Election of Trustees by Preferred Shareholders voting as a separate class | |||||||||||
| 01. | David C. Arch | |||||||||||
| FOR | WITHHOLD | FOR | WITHHOLD | |||||||||||||
| 01 Invesco Advantage Municipal Income Trust II | ☐ | ☐ | 02 Invesco California Value Municipal Income Trust | ☐ | ☐ | |||||||||||
| 03 Invesco Dynamic Credit Opportunities Fund | ☐ | ☐ | 04 Invesco Municipal Income Opportunities Trust | ☐ | ☐ | |||||||||||
| 05 Invesco Municipal Opportunity Trust | ☐ | ☐ | 06 Invesco Municipal Trust | ☐ | ☐ |
| B | Authorized Signatures — This section must be completed for your vote to be counted. — Sign and Date Below |
| Note: | Please sign exactly as your name(s) appear(s) on this Proxy Card, and date it. When shares are held jointly, one or more owners should sign personally. When signing as attorney, executor, guardian, administrator, trustee, officer of corporation or other entity or in another representative capacity, please give the full title under the signature. |
| Date (mm/dd/yyyy) — Please print date below | Signature 1 — Please keep signature within the box | Signature 2 — Please keep signature within the box | ||||||
/ / |
| Scanner bar code |
| xxxxxxxxxxxxxx | INV3 31339 | M | xxxxxxxx | |||||||||
|
|
EVERY SHAREHOLDER’S VOTE IS IMPORTANT!
VOTE THIS PROXY CARD TODAY!
| EASY VOTING OPTIONS: | ||||
| VOTE ON THE INTERNET Log on to: www.proxy-direct.com or scan the QR code Follow theon-screen instructions available 24 hours | |||
| VOTE BY PHONE Call1-800-337-3503 Follow the recorded instructions available 24 hours | |||
| VOTE BY MAIL Vote, sign and date this Proxy Card and return in the postage-paid envelope | |||
| VOTE AT THE VIRTUAL MEETING at the following Website http://www.meetingcenter.io/220918472 on August 7 at 2:00 p.m. Central Daylight Time. To Participate in the Virtual Meeting enter the14-digit control number from the shaded box on this card. The Password for this meeting is ICEF2020.
| |||
| | ||||
Please detach at perforation before mailing.
| INVESCO FUNDS (the “Funds”) PROXY SOLICITED ON BEHALF OF THE BOARD OF TRUSTEES (the “Board”) PROXY FOR THE JOINT ANNUAL MEETING OF SHAREHOLDERS TO BE HELD ON AUGUST 7, 2020 |
PREFERRED SHARES
The undersigned holder of Preferred Shares of the Fund(s) listed on the reverse side hereby revokes all previous proxies for his/her Preferred Shares of the Fund(s) and appoints Andrew Schlossberg, Jeffrey H. Kupor, Sheri S. Morris, Joseph Benedetti, Melanie Ringold, Elizabeth Nelson, and Louis Ducote, and any one of them separately, proxies with full power of substitution in each, and hereby authorizes them to represent and to vote, as designated, at the Joint Annual Meeting of Shareholders to be held only online via live webcast, and at any adjournment(s), postponement(s) or delay(s) thereof, all of the Preferred Shares of the Fund(s) which the undersigned would be entitled to vote if personally present. To access the virtual meeting, enter the following Virtual Shareholder Meeting link,http://www.meetingcenter.io/220918472 on August 7, 2020, prior to 2:00 p.m., Central Daylight Time, and enter the 14-digit control number from the shaded box. The Password for this meeting isICEF2020.Please refer to the Proxy Statement for a discussion of these matters, including instructions related to meeting attendance.
THIS PROXY CARD, WHEN PROPERLY EXECUTED, WILL BE VOTED IN THE MANNER DIRECTED HEREIN. IF THIS PROXY CARD IS SIGNED AND RETURNED WITH NO CHOICE INDICATED, THE SHARES WILL BE VOTED “FOR ALL” THE NOMINEES AT THE DISCRETION OF THE PROXIES. PROXIES ARE AUTHORIZED TO VOTE, IN THEIR DISCRETION, UPON SUCH OTHER BUSINESS AS MAY PROPERLY COME BEFORE THE MEETING AND IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE VOTING STANDARDS SET FORTH IN THE PROXY STATEMENT WITH RESPECT TO ANY ADJOURNMENT OR POSTPONEMENT OF THE MEETING.
NOTE: If you vote by telephone or on the Internet, please do NOT return your proxy card as it may cancel out your telephone or Internet vote.
VOTE VIA THE INTERNET: www.proxy-direct.com VOTE VIA THETELEPHONE: 1-800-337-3503
|
INV_31339_061720_Pref_A
PLEASE VOTE VIA INTERNET OR TELEPHONE OR MARK, SIGN, DATE ON THE REVERSE SIDE AND RETURN THIS PROXY PROMPTLY USING THE ENCLOSED ENVELOPE.
EVERY SHAREHOLDER’S VOTE IS IMPORTANT!
VOTE THIS PROXY CARD TODAY!
Important Notice Regarding the Availability of Proxy Materials for the
Joint Annual Meeting of Shareholders to Be Held on August 7, 2020
The Proxy Statement/Prospectus for this meeting is available at:
https://www.proxy-direct.com/inv-31339
QUESTIONS ABOUT THIS PROXY?If you have any questions about how to vote your proxy or about the Joint Annual Meeting in general, please call toll-free(866) 856-3065. Representatives are available to assist you Monday through Friday 9 a.m. to 10 p.m. Eastern time.
FUNDS | FUNDS | FUNDS | ||
| Invesco Pennsylvania Value Municipal Income Trust | Invesco Quality Municipal Income Trust | Invesco Senior Income Trust | ||
| Invesco Trust for Investment Grade Municipals | Invesco Trust for Investment Grade NY Municipals | Invesco Value Municipal Income Trust | ||
Please detach at perforation before mailing.
This proxy is solicited on behalf of the Board. The Board recommends voting “FOR ALL” of the nominees.
| TO VOTE, MARK A BOX BELOW IN BLUE OR BLACK INK. EXAMPLE: | X |
| A | Proposal |
| 1a. | Election of Trustees. To withhold authority to vote for any individual nominee(s) mark the “For All Except” and write the nominee number on the line provided. | |||||||||||
| 01. | Beth Ann Brown | 02. | Anthony J. LaCava, Jr. | 03. | Joel W. Motley | |||||||
| 04. | Teresa M. Ressel | 05. | Christopher L. Wilson | |||||||||
| FOR | WITHHOLD | FOR ALL | FOR | WITHHOLD | FOR ALL | |||||||||||
| ALL | ALL | EXCEPT | ALL | ALL | EXCEPT | |||||||||||
| 01 Invesco Pennsylvania Value Municipal Income Trust | ☐ | ☐ | ☐ | ____02 Invesco Quality Municipal Income Trust | ☐ | ☐ | ☐ | ____ | ||||||||
| 03 Invesco Senior Income Trust | ☐ | ☐ | ☐ | ____04 Invesco Trust for Investment Grade Municipals | ☐ | ☐ | ☐ | ____ | ||||||||
| 05 Invesco Trust for Investment Grade NY Municipals | ☐ | ☐ | ☐ | ____06 Invesco Value Municipal Income Trust | ☐ | ☐ | ☐ | ____ |
| 1b. | Election of Trustees by Preferred Shareholders voting as a separate class | |||||||||||
| 01. | David C. Arch | |||||||||||
| FOR | WITHHOLD | FOR | WITHHOLD | |||||||||||||
| 01 Invesco Pennsylvania Value Municipal Income Trust | ☐ | ☐ | 02 Invesco Quality Municipal Income Trust | ☐ | ☐ | |||||||||||
| 03 Invesco Senior Income Trust | ☐ | ☐ | 04 Invesco Trust for Investment Grade Municipals | ☐ | ☐ | |||||||||||
| 05 Invesco Trust for Investment Grade NY Municipals | ☐ | ☐ | 06 Invesco Value Municipal Income Trust | ☐ | ☐ |
| B | Authorized Signatures — This section must be completed for your vote to be counted. — Sign and Date Below |
| Note: | Please sign exactly as your name(s) appear(s) on this Proxy Card, and date it. When shares are held jointly, one or more owners should sign personally. When signing as attorney, executor, guardian, administrator, trustee, officer of corporation or other entity or in another representative capacity, please give the full title under the signature. |
| Date (mm/dd/yyyy) — Please print date below | Signature 1 — Please keep signature within the box | Signature 2 — Please keep signature within the box | ||||||
/ / |
| Scanner bar code |
| xxxxxxxxxxxxxx | INV3 31339 | M | xxxxxxxx | |||||||||
|
|