Pension and Postretirement Benefits | Note 18. Pension and Postretirement Benefits Domestic Plans We have frozen defined benefit pension plans held in trust for certain employees which we funded. We also maintain certain unfunded defined benefit pension plans, which provide supplemental benefits to select management employees. These plans use traditional defined benefit formulas based on years of service and final average compensation. Funding policies provide that payments to defined benefit pension trusts shall be at least equal to the minimum funding required by applicable regulations. We also have certain defined benefit postretirement plans that provide medical and life insurance for certain eligible employees, retirees, and dependents. The related postretirement benefit liabilities are recognized over the period that services are provided by employees. In addition, we retained the obligations for these benefits for retirees of certain sold businesses. While the plans have no funding requirements, we may fund the plans. The components of net periodic benefit cost and other amounts recognized in other comprehensive income (loss) of our pension plans consist of the following: December 31, (in thousands) 2021 2020 2019 Net periodic benefit cost: Service cost $ — $ — $ 61 Interest cost 419 653 861 Expected return on plan assets ( 47 ) ( 145 ) ( 99 ) Recognized net actuarial loss 623 526 403 Net periodic benefit cost 995 1,034 1,226 Other changes in plan assets and benefit obligations recognized in other Net actuarial (gain) loss ( 883 ) 1,587 1,305 Reversal of amortization item: Net actuarial loss ( 623 ) ( 526 ) ( 403 ) Total recognized in other comprehensive income (loss) ( 1,506 ) 1,061 902 Total recognized in net periodic benefit cost and other $ ( 511 ) $ 2,095 $ 2,128 The components of net periodic benefit cost and other amounts recognized in other comprehensive income (loss) of our postretirement benefit plans consist of the following: December 31, (in thousands) 2021 2020 2019 Net periodic benefit cost: Service cost $ 70 $ 51 $ 64 Interest cost 181 296 458 Amortization of prior service credit ( 6 ) ( 146 ) ( 189 ) Recognized net actuarial loss 115 18 112 Net periodic benefit cost 360 219 445 Settlement income ( 65 ) — — Total expenses 295 219 445 Other changes in plan assets and benefit obligations recognized in other Net actuarial (gain) loss ( 642 ) 688 ( 1,117 ) Prior service credit — — — Reversal of amortization items: Net actuarial loss ( 115 ) ( 18 ) ( 112 ) Prior service credit 6 146 189 Settlement income 65 — — Total recognized in other comprehensive income ( 686 ) 816 ( 1,040 ) Total recognized in net periodic benefit cost and other $ ( 391 ) $ 1,035 $ ( 595 ) The following table indicates the funded status of the plans as of December 31: Postretirement Funded Plans Unfunded Plans Benefit Plans (in thousands) 2021 2020 2021 2020 2021 2020 Change in benefit obligation: Benefit obligation at beginning of year $ 16,331 $ 15,572 $ 9,776 $ 9,462 $ 12,219 $ 11,986 Service cost — — — — 70 51 Interest cost 266 406 153 247 180 296 Actuarial adjustments ( 385 ) 1,242 ( 109 ) 784 ( 641 ) 688 Benefits paid ( 1,021 ) ( 889 ) ( 650 ) ( 717 ) ( 1,694 ) ( 802 ) Benefit obligation at end of year 15,191 16,331 9,170 9,776 10,134 12,219 Change in plan assets: Fair value of plan assets at beginning of year 11,878 11,291 — — — — Actual return on plan assets 436 584 — — — — Company contributions 354 892 650 717 1,694 802 Benefits paid ( 1,021 ) ( 889 ) ( 650 ) ( 717 ) ( 1,694 ) ( 802 ) Fair value of plan assets at end of year 11,647 11,878 — — — — Funded status at end of year $ ( 3,544 ) $ ( 4,453 ) $ ( 9,170 ) $ ( 9,776 ) $ ( 10,134 ) $ ( 12,219 ) The net amounts recognized in the Consolidated Balance Sheets under the captions “Pension and postretirement benefits” and “Other Current Liabilities” as of December 31 are as follows: Postretirement Funded Plans Unfunded Plans Benefit Plans (in thousands) 2021 2020 2021 2020 2021 2020 Other current liabilities $ — $ — $ 701 $ 687 $ 755 $ 931 Non-current liabilities 3,544 4,453 8,469 9,089 9,379 11,288 Net amount recognized $ 3,544 $ 4,453 $ 9,170 $ 9,776 $ 10,134 $ 12,219 Amounts recognized in AOCI as of December 31 are as follows: Postretirement Funded Plans Unfunded Plans Benefit Plans Total Total (in thousands) 2021 2020 2021 2020 2021 2020 2021 2020 Net actuarial loss $ 8,025 $ 9,252 $ 3,129 $ 3,409 $ 1,299 $ 1,990 $ 12,453 $ 14,651 Prior service credit — — — — 195 189 195 189 Subtotal 8,025 9,252 3,129 3,409 1,494 2,179 12,648 14,840 Less tax effect — — — — — — — — Total $ 8,025 $ 9,252 $ 3,129 $ 3,409 $ 1,494 $ 2,179 $ 12,648 $ 14,840 The fair value of the domestic plans’ assets by asset class are as follows: Fair Value Measurements at December 31, 2021 Quoted Prices Significant Significant (in thousands) Total (Level 1) (Level 2) (Level 3) Domestic pension plans: Fixed income securities $ 5,935 $ 5,935 $ — $ — Equity securities 5,297 5,297 — — Cash 230 230 — — Other 185 — 185 — Total $ 11,647 $ 11,462 $ 185 $ — Fair Value Measurements at December 31, 2020 Quoted Prices Significant Significant (in thousands) Total (Level 1) (Level 2) (Level 3) Domestic pension plans: Fixed income securities $ 6,430 $ 6,430 $ — $ — Equity securities 4,485 4,485 — — Cash 774 774 — — Other 189 — 189 — Total $ 11,878 $ 11,689 $ 189 $ — We employ a total return investment approach whereby a mix of equities and fixed income securities is used to maximize the long-term return of plan assets for a prudent level of risk. Risk tolerance is established through careful consideration of plan liabilities, plan funded status, and corporate financial condition. The investment portfolio contains a diversified blend of equity and fixed income securities. Furthermore, equity securities are diversified across United States and non-United States stocks, as well as growth and value. Investment risk is measured and monitored on an ongoing basis through quarterly investment portfolio reviews and annual liability measurements. We utilize a building-block approach in determining the long-term expected rate of return on plan assets. Historical markets are studied and long-term historical relationships between equity securities and fixed income securities are preserved consistent with the widely accepted capital market principle that assets with higher volatility generate a greater return over the long run. Current market factors such as inflation and interest rates are evaluated before long-term capital market assumptions are determined. The long-term portfolio return also considers diversification and rebalancing. Peer data and historical returns are reviewed relative to our assumed rates for reasonableness and appropriateness. The following pension and postretirement benefit payments, which reflect expected future service, as appropriate, are expected to be paid: (in thousands) Funded Unfunded Postretirement 2022 $ 1,094 $ 711 $ 766 2023 $ 1,036 $ 694 $ 763 2024 $ 1,001 $ 677 $ 758 2025 $ 1,068 $ 659 $ 732 2026 $ 1,053 $ 638 $ 714 2027-2031 $ 4,578 $ 2,851 $ 3,035 Foreign Pension Plans Certain of our foreign operations also maintain defined benefit pension plans held in trust for certain employees which are funded by the companies, and unfunded defined benefit pension plans providing supplemental benefits to select management employees. These plans use traditional defined benefit formulas based on years of service and final average compensation. Funding policies provide that payments to defined benefit pension trusts shall be at least equal to the minimum funding required by applicable regulations. The components of net periodic benefit cost and other amounts recognized in other comprehensive income (loss) included the following: December 31, (in thousands) 2021 2020 2019 Net periodic benefit cost: Service cost $ 457 $ 444 $ 405 Interest cost 339 365 397 Expected return on plan assets ( 508 ) ( 530 ) ( 487 ) Recognized net actuarial loss 171 162 127 Settlement — — — Net periodic benefit cost 459 441 442 Other changes in plan assets and benefit obligations recognized in other Net actuarial (income) loss ( 375 ) 368 605 Reversal of amortization of net actuarial loss ( 171 ) ( 162 ) ( 127 ) Total recognized in other comprehensive income (loss) ( 546 ) 206 478 Total recognized in net periodic benefit cost and other $ ( 87 ) $ 647 $ 920 The following table represents the funded status of the plans as of December 31: Funded Plans Unfunded Plans (in thousands) 2021 2020 2021 2020 Change in benefit obligation: Benefit obligation at beginning of year $ 10,916 $ 9,990 $ 2,449 $ 2,331 Service cost 457 444 — — Interest cost 270 295 69 70 Actuarial adjustments ( 475 ) 686 208 111 Benefits paid ( 462 ) ( 743 ) ( 185 ) ( 180 ) Translation adjustment 84 244 ( 71 ) 117 Benefit obligation at end of year 10,790 10,916 2,470 2,449 Change in plan assets: Fair value of plan assets at beginning of year 10,798 10,013 — — Actual return on plan assets 623 1,044 — — Company contributions 133 253 185 180 Benefits paid ( 462 ) ( 743 ) ( 185 ) ( 180 ) Translation adjustment 79 231 — — Fair value of plan assets at end of year 11,171 10,798 — — Funded status at end of year $ 381 $ ( 118 ) $ ( 2,470 ) $ ( 2,449 ) The net amounts recognized in the Consolidated Balance Sheets under the captions “Pension and postretirement benefits” and “Other Current Liabilities” as of December 31 were as follows: Funded Plans Unfunded Plans (in thousands) 2021 2020 2021 2020 Non-current assets $ ( 384 ) $ ( 31 ) $ — $ — Other current liabilities — — 181 187 Non-current liabilities — 149 2,300 2,262 Net amount recognized $ ( 384 ) $ 118 $ 2,481 $ 2,449 Net actuarial losses for the foreign funded plans recognized in AOCI were $ 2.0 million ($ 1.4 million after-tax) as of December 31, 2021 and $ 2.7 million ($ 2.0 million after-tax) as of December 31, 2020 . Net actuarial losses for the foreign unfunded plans recognized in AOCI were $ 1.0 million ($ 0.8 million after-tax) as of December 31, 2021 and $ 0.8 million ($ 0.6 million after-tax) as of December 31, 2020. The fair value information related to the foreign pension plans’ assets is summarized in the following tables: Fair Value Measurements at Reporting Date Using (in thousands) December 31, 2021 Quoted Prices Significant Significant Assets: Fixed income securities $ 6,534 $ 6,534 $ — $ — Equity securities 4,439 4,439 — — Other 198 198 — — Total $ 11,171 $ 11,171 $ — $ — Fair Value Measurements at Reporting Date Using (in thousands) December 31, 2020 Quoted Prices Significant Significant Assets: Fixed income securities $ 5,450 $ 5,450 $ — $ — Equity securities 5,153 5,153 — — Other 195 195 — — Total $ 10,798 $ 10,798 $ — $ — The following payments, which reflect expected future service, as appropriate, are expected to be paid: (in thousands) Funded Unfunded 2022 $ 1,872 $ 182 2023 $ 384 $ 181 2024 $ 384 $ 181 2025 $ 383 $ 180 2026 $ 381 $ 179 2027-2031 $ 1,922 $ 875 Information for Pension Plans with an Accumulated Benefit Obligation in Excess of Plan Assets The accumulated benefit obligations in excess of plan assets as of December 31 were as follows: Domestic Plans Funded Plans Unfunded Plans (in thousands) 2021 2020 2021 2020 Projected benefit obligation $ 15,191 $ 16,331 $ 9,170 $ 9,776 Accumulated benefit obligation $ 15,191 $ 16,331 $ 9,170 $ 9,776 Fair value of plan assets $ 11,647 $ 11,878 $ — $ — Foreign Plans Funded Plans Unfunded Plans (in thousands) 2021 2020 2021 2020 Projected benefit obligation $ 10,790 $ 10,916 $ 2,470 $ 2,449 Accumulated benefit obligation $ 10,150 $ 10,447 $ 2,470 $ 2,449 Fair value of plan assets $ 11,171 $ 10,798 $ — $ — Contributions In aggregate for both the domestic and foreign plans, we anticipate contributing $ 0.9 million to the funded pension plans, $ 0.9 million to the unfunded pension plans, and $ 0.8 million to the postretirement benefit plans in 2022. Weighted-Average Assumptions Weighted-average assumptions used to determine benefit obligations as of December 31 were as follows: Domestic Plans Funded Plans Unfunded Plans Postretirement Foreign Plans 2021 2020 2021 2020 2021 2020 2021 2020 Discount rate 2.76 % 2.38 % 2.74 % 2.35 % 2.85 % 2.47 % 2.80 % 2.34 % Rate of compensation increase N/A N/A 3.00 % 3.00 % N/A N/A 2.35 % 2.35 % Weighted-average assumptions used to determine net periodic benefit costs as of December 31 were as follows: Domestic Plans Funded Plans Unfunded Plans Postretirement Foreign Plans 2021 2020 2021 2020 2021 2020 2021 2020 Discount rate 2.32 % 3.12 % 2.35 % 3.13 % 2.47 % 3.19 % 2.34 % 2.93 % Expected return on plan assets 4.75 % 5.50 % N/A N/A 0.00 % 0.00 % 3.76 % 4.39 % Rate of compensation increase N/A N/A 3.00 % 3.00 % N/A N/A 2.35 % 2.35 % Multi-employer Plans We contribute to various defined benefit pension plans under the terms of collective bargaining agreements that cover our union-represented employees. The financial risks of participating in these multi-employer pension plans generally include the fact that the unfunded obligations of the plan may be borne by solvent participating employers. In addition, if we were to discontinue participating in some of our multi-employer pension plans, we could be required to pay a withdrawal liability amount based on the underfunded status of the plan. During the year ended December 31, 2019, we finalized the terms of the new collective bargaining agreement with the Teamsters 727 union. The terms included a withdrawal from the underfunded Central States pension plan. Accordingly, for the year ended December 31, 2019, we recorded a charge of $ 15.5 million, which represents the estimated present value of future contributions we will be required to make to the plan as a result of this withdrawal and $ 0.2 million of other withdrawal costs. Currently, we do not anticipate triggering any withdrawal from any other multi-employer pension plan to which we currently contribute. We also contribute to defined contribution plans pursuant to collective bargaining agreements, which are generally not subject to the funding risks inherent in defined benefit pension plans. The overall level of contributions to our multi-employer plans may significantly vary from year to year based on the demand for union-represented labor to support our operations. We do not have any minimum contribution requirements for future periods pursuant to our collective bargaining agreements for individually significant multi-employer plans. Our participation in multi-employer pension plans for 2021 is outlined in the following table. Unless otherwise noted, the most recent Pension Protection Act zone status available in 2021 and 2020 relates to the plan’s year end as of December 31, 2020 and 2019 , respectively, and is based on information received from the plan. Among other factors, plans in the red zone are generally less than 65 % funded, plans in the yellow zone are less than 80 % funded, and plans in the green zone are at least 80 % funded. The “FIP/RP Status Pending/Implemented” column indicates plans for which a financial improvement plan or a rehabilitation plan is either pending or has been implemented. Plan Pension FIP/RP Viad Contributions Surcharge Paid Expiration (in thousands) EIN No. 2021 2020 2021 2020 2019 Pension Fund: Western Conference of Teamsters Pension Plan 91-6145047 1 Green Green No $ 2,571 $ 2,898 $ 6,754 No Continuous Chicago Regional Council of Carpenters Pension Fund 36-6130207 1 Green Green Yes 658 608 2,877 No 5/31/2024 IBEW Local Union No 357 Pension Plan A 88-6023284 1 Green Green No 628 843 1,074 No Continuous Southwest Carpenters Pension Trust 95-6042875 1 Green Green No 352 195 717 No 7/31/2023 Electrical Contractors Assoc. Chicago Local Union 134, IBEW Joint Pension Trust of Chicago Plan #2 51-6030753 2 Green Green No 306 509 1,651 No Continuous Southern California Local 831—Employer Pension Fund (1) 95-6376874 1 Green Green No 302 943 3,427 No Continuous Machinery Movers Riggers & Mach Erect Local 136 Supplemental Retirement Plan (1) 36-1416355 11 Yellow Yellow Yes 176 337 797 Yes 6/30/2024 New England Teamsters & Trucking Industry Pension 04-6372430 1 Red Red Yes 109 42 506 No 3/31/2022 Sign Pictorial & Display Industry Pension Plan (1) 94-6278490 1 Green Green No 76 92 768 No Continuous Central States, Southeast and Southwest Areas Pension Plan 36-6044243 1 Red Red Yes 12 7 872 No 3/31/2023 Southern California IBEW-NECA Pension Fund 95-6392774 1 Yellow Yellow Yes 7 89 799 Yes Continuous All other funds (2) 929 963 3,625 Total contributions to defined benefit plans 6,126 7,526 23,867 Total contributions to other plans 931 1,066 3,416 Total contributions to multi-employer plans $ 7,057 $ 8,592 $ 27,283 (1) We contributed more than 5 % of total plan contributions for the plan year detailed in the plans’ most recent Form 5500 s. (2) Represents participation in 27 pension funds during 2021. Other Employee Benefits We match United States employee contributions to the 401(k) Plan with shares of our common stock held in treasury up to 100 % of the first 3 % of a participant’s salary plus 50 % of the next 2 %. The expense associated with our match was $ 2.2 million for 2021 , $ 1.7 million for 2020 , and $ 5.0 million for 2019 . In April 2020, we suspended our 401(k) Plan employer match contributions, which were later reinstated in October 2020. |