Viad (VVI) 10-Q 2020 Q1 Quarterly report

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

(Mark One)

☒ QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended March 31, 2020

or

☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from ____________ to

Commission file number: 001-11015

Viad Corp

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Delaware	36-1169950
State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization	(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)
1850 North Central Avenue, Suite 1900 Phoenix, Arizona	85004-4565
(Address of principal executive offices)	(Zip Code)

(602) 207-1000

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

Not Applicable

(Former name, former address, and former fiscal year, if changed since last report)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class	Trading Symbol(s)	Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Stock, $1.50 Par Value	VVI	New York Stock Exchange
Junior Participating Preferred Stock, par value $0.01 per share	--	--

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.    Yes  ☒    No  ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files.)    Yes  ☒    No  ☐

Indicate by check mark whether registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer	☒	Accelerated filer	☐
Non-accelerated filer	☐	Smaller reporting company	☐
Emerging growth company	☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act.   ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).    Yes  ☐    No  ☒

As of June 15, 2020, there were 20,408,428 shares of Common Stock ($1.50 par value) outstanding.

INDEX

		Page
PART I - FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Item 1.	Financial Statements	1
	Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets as of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019	1
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations for the Three Months Ended March 31, 2020 and 2019	2
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Loss for the Three Months Ended March 31, 2020 and 2019	3
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity for the Three Months Ended March 31, 2020 and 2019	4
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the Three Months Ended March 31, 2020 and 2019	6
	Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements	7
Item 2.	Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	32
Item 3.	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk	41
Item 4.	Controls and Procedures	42
PART II - OTHER INFORMATION
Item 1.	Legal Proceedings	43
Item 1A.	Risk Factors	43
Item 2.	Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds	47
Item 6.	Exhibits	48
Items 3-5	Not applicable
SIGNATURES		49

EXPLANATORY NOTE

In this report, for periods presented, “we,” “us,” “our,” “the Company,” and “Viad Corp” refer to Viad Corp and its subsidiaries.

The SEC issued an order on March 4, 2020, and as revised on March 25, 2020, pursuant to Section 36 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), granting exemptions from specified provisions of the Exchange Act and certain rules thereunder, (Release No. 34-88465) (the “SEC Order”). The SEC Order provides that a registrant subject to the reporting requirements of Exchange Act Section 13(a) or 15(d), and any person required to make any filings with respect to such registrant, is exempt from any requirement to file or furnish materials with the Commission under Exchange Act Sections 13(a), 13(f), 13(g), 14(a), 14(c), 14(f), 15(d) and Regulations 13A, Regulation 13D-G (except for those provisions mandating the filing of Schedule 13D or amendments to Schedule 13D), 14A, 14C and 15D, and Exchange Act Rules 13f-1, and 14f-1, as applicable, if certain conditions are satisfied.

We relied on the SEC Order to delay the filing of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2020 due to circumstances related to the coronavirus pandemic (“COVID-19”).

We have experienced extreme disruption to our business and operations due to the unprecedented conditions surrounding COVID-19. As a result of the COVID-19 adverse effects, we were required to conduct additional impairment testing and other complex financial analysis in order to complete our financial statements and review for the quarter ended March 31, 2020. A significant portion of our finance and accounting personnel are either on furlough or working reduced hours, and we are requiring all of our personnel to work remotely, which has increased the difficulty of completing these required reviews.

PART I - FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1. Financial Statements

VIAD CORP

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

(Unaudited)

	March 31,			December 31,
(in thousands, except share data)	2020			2019
Assets
Current assets
Cash and cash equivalents	$	130,528		$	61,999
Accounts receivable, net of allowances for doubtful accounts of $10,154 and $1,200,    respectively		112,081			126,246
Inventories		17,528			17,269
Current contract costs		14,999			24,535
Other current assets		37,377			30,854
Total current assets		312,513			260,903
Property and equipment, net		481,622			500,901
Other investments and assets		45,544			45,119
Operating lease right-of-use assets		96,719			103,314
Deferred income taxes		37,228			26,163
Goodwill		204,613			287,983
Other intangible assets, net		69,222			94,308
Total Assets	$	1,247,461		$	1,318,691
Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity
Current liabilities
Accounts payable	$	86,050		$	86,660
Contract liabilities		36,750			50,671
Accrued compensation		12,652			32,658
Operating lease obligations		20,708			22,180
Other current liabilities		46,750			39,824
Current portion of debt and finance lease obligations		420,830			5,330
Total current liabilities		623,740			237,323
Long-term debt and finance lease obligations		18,016			335,162
Pension and postretirement benefits		25,921			26,247
Long-term operating lease obligations		78,685			82,851
Other deferred items and liabilities		75,743			83,707
Total liabilities		822,105			765,290
Commitments and contingencies
Redeemable noncontrolling interest		4,908			6,172
Stockholders’ equity
Viad Corp stockholders’ equity:
Common stock, $1.50 par value, 200,000,000 shares authorized, 24,934,981 shares    issued and outstanding		37,402			37,402
Additional capital		570,859			574,473
Retained earnings		34,347			122,971
Accumulated other comprehensive loss		(63,543	)		(35,699	)
Common stock in treasury, at cost, 4,544,371 and 4,588,084 shares, respectively		(229,770	)		(231,649	)
Total Viad stockholders’ equity		349,295			467,498
Non-redeemable noncontrolling interest		71,153			79,731
Total stockholders’ equity		420,448			547,229
Total Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity	$	1,247,461		$	1,318,691

Refer to Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

1

VIAD CORP

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS

(Unaudited)

	Three Months Ended
	March 31,
(in thousands, except per share data)	2020			2019
Revenue:
Services	$	275,556		$	250,641
Products		30,452			34,953
Total revenue		306,008			285,594
Costs and expenses:
Costs of services		284,402			263,356
Costs of products		31,006			33,474
Corporate activities		789			1,833
Interest income		(79	)		(98	)
Interest expense		4,018			2,915
Other expense		419			455
Restructuring charges		851			688
Legal settlement		—			8,500
Impairment charges		88,380			—
Total costs and expenses		409,786			311,123
Loss from continuing operations before income taxes		(103,778	)		(25,529	)
Income tax benefit		(15,797	)		(7,595	)
Loss from continuing operations		(87,981	)		(17,934	)
Loss from discontinued operations		(454	)		(287	)
Net loss		(88,435	)		(18,221	)
Net loss attributable to non-redeemable noncontrolling    interest		1,333			420
Net loss attributable to redeemable noncontrolling interest		517			24
Net loss attributable to Viad	$	(86,585	)	$	(17,777	)
Diluted loss per common share:
Continuing operations attributable to Viad common stockholders	$	(4.27	)	$	(0.88	)
Discontinued operations attributable to Viad common stockholders		(0.02	)		(0.01	)
Net loss attributable to Viad common stockholders	$	(4.29	)	$	(0.89	)
Weighted-average outstanding and potentially dilutive common    shares		20,215			20,076
Basic loss per common share:
Continuing operations attributable to Viad common stockholders	$	(4.27	)	$	(0.88	)
Discontinued operations attributable to Viad common stockholders		(0.02	)		(0.01	)
Net loss attributable to Viad common stockholders	$	(4.29	)	$	(0.89	)
Weighted-average outstanding common shares		20,215			20,076
Dividends declared per common share	$	0.10		$	0.10
Amounts attributable to Viad common stockholders
Loss from continuing operations	$	(86,131	)	$	(17,490	)
Loss from discontinued operations		(454	)		(287	)
Net loss	$	(86,585	)	$	(17,777	)

Refer to Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

2

VIAD CORP

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE LOSS

(Unaudited)

	Three Months Ended
	March 31,
(in thousands)	2020			2019
Net loss	$	(88,435	)	$	(18,221	)
Other comprehensive income (loss):
Unrealized foreign currency translation adjustments		(28,158	)		4,780
Change in net actuarial loss, net of tax (1)		341			120
Change in prior service cost, net of tax (1)		(27	)		(35	)
Comprehensive loss		(116,279	)		(13,356	)
Non-redeemable noncontrolling interest:
Comprehensive loss attributable to non-redeemable    noncontrolling interest		1,333			420
Unrealized foreign currency translation adjustments		(5,719	)		—
Redeemable noncontrolling interest:
Comprehensive loss attributable to redeemable noncontrolling interest		517			24
Comprehensive loss attributable to Viad	$	(120,148	)	$	(12,912	)

⁽¹⁾ The tax effect on other comprehensive income (loss) is not significant.

Refer to Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

3

VIAD CORP

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY

(Unaudited)

(in thousands)	Common Stock		Additional Capital			Retained Earnings			Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)			Common Stock in Treasury			Total Viad Equity			Non-Redeemable Non-Controlling Interest			Total Stockholders’ Equity
Balance, December 31, 2019	$	37,402	$	574,473		$	122,971		$	(35,699	)	$	(231,649	)	$	467,498		$	79,731		$	547,229
Net loss		—		—			(86,585	)		—			—			(86,585	)		(1,333	)		(87,918	)
Dividends on common stock ($0.10 per share)		—		—			(2,038	)		—			—			(2,038	)		—			(2,038	)
Distributions to noncontrolling interest		—		—			—			—			—			—			(1,526	)		(1,526	)
Payment of payroll taxes on stock-based compensation through shares withheld		—		—			—			—			(1,059	)		(1,059	)		—			(1,059	)
Common stock purchased for treasury		—		—			—			—			(2,785	)		(2,785	)		—			(2,785	)
Employee benefit plans		—		(3,810	)		—			—			5,722			1,912			—			1,912
Share-based compensation - equity awards		—		276			—			—			—			276			—			276
Unrealized foreign currency translation adjustment, net of tax		—		—			—			(28,158	)		—			(28,158	)		(5,719	)		(33,877	)
Amortization of net actuarial loss, net of tax		—		—			—			341			—			341			—			341
Amortization of prior service cost, net of tax		—		—			—			(27	)		—			(27	)		—			(27	)
Other, net		—		(80	)		(1	)		—			1			(80	)		—			(80	)
Balance, March 31, 2020	$	37,402	$	570,859		$	34,347		$	(63,543	)	$	(229,770	)	$	349,295		$	71,153		$	420,448

Refer to Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

4

VIAD CORP

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY (Continued)

(Unaudited)

(in thousands)	Common Stock		Additional Capital			Retained Earnings			Unearned Employee Benefits and Other		Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)			Common Stock in Treasury			Total Viad Equity			Non-Redeemable Non-Controlling Interest			Total Stockholders’ Equity
Balance, December 31, 2018	$	37,402	$	575,339		$	109,032		$	199	$	(47,975	)	$	(237,790	)	$	436,207		$	14,348		$	450,555
Net loss		—		—			(17,777	)		—		—			—			(17,777	)		(420	)		(18,197	)
Dividends on common stock ($0.10 per share)		—		—			(2,028	)		—		—			—			(2,028	)		—			(2,028	)
Payment of payroll taxes on stock-based compensation through shares withheld		—		—			—			—		—			(2,905	)		(2,905	)		—			(2,905	)
Employee benefit plans		—		(4,302	)		—			—		—			5,522			1,220			—			1,220
Share-based compensation - equity awards		—		780			—			—		—			—			780			—			780
Unrealized foreign currency translation adjustment, net of tax		—		—			—			—		4,780			—			4,780			—			4,780
Amortization of net actuarial loss, net of tax		—		—			—			—		120			—			120			—			120
Amortization of prior service cost, net of tax		—		—			—			—		(35	)		—			(35	)		—			(35	)
Other, net		—		16			—			24		—			1			41			—			41
Balance, March 31, 2019	$	37,402	$	571,833		$	89,227		$	223	$	(43,110	)	$	(235,172	)	$	420,403		$	13,928		$	434,331

Refer to Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

5

VIAD CORP

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(Unaudited)

	Three Months Ended
	March 31,
(in thousands)	2020			2019
Cash flows from operating activities
Net loss	$	(88,435	)	$	(18,221	)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash provided by operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization		15,285			13,188
Deferred income taxes		(15,799	)		(9,098	)
Loss from discontinued operations		454			287
Restructuring charges		851			688
Legal settlement		—			8,500
Impairment charges		88,380			—
Gains on dispositions of property and other assets		(85	)		(551	)
Share-based compensation (benefit) expense		(2,145	)		2,206
Other non-cash items, net		9,342			1,041
Change in operating assets and liabilities:
Receivables		15,651			(25,545	)
Inventories		(711	)		(874	)
Current contract costs		8,970			(4,838	)
Accounts payable		(1,109	)		12,868
Restructuring liabilities		(1,293	)		(714	)
Accrued compensation		(20,551	)		(7,490	)
Contract liabilities		(12,602	)		32,379
Payments on operating lease obligations		(6,529	)		(6,198	)
Income taxes payable		17,753			6
Other assets and liabilities, net		(12,146	)		10,386
Net cash (used in) provided by operating activities		(4,719	)		8,020
Cash flows from investing activities
Capital expenditures		(23,246	)		(19,543	)
Proceeds from dispositions of property and other assets		85			611
Net cash used in investing activities		(23,161	)		(18,932	)
Cash flows from financing activities
Proceeds from borrowings		160,755			28,347
Payments on debt and finance lease obligations		(56,077	)		(14,376	)
Dividends paid on common stock		(2,038	)		(2,028	)
Distributions to noncontrolling interest		(1,526	)		—
Payment of payroll taxes on stock-based compensation through shares withheld or repurchased		(1,059	)		(2,905	)
Common stock purchased for treasury		(2,785	)		—
Proceeds from exercise of stock options		2,077			—
Net cash provided by financing activities		99,347			9,038
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents		(2,938	)		454
Net change in cash and cash equivalents		68,529			(1,420	)
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of year		61,999			44,893
Cash and cash equivalents, end of period	$	130,528		$	43,473

Refer to Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

6

VIAD CORP

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Unaudited)

Note 1. Overview and Basis of Presentation

Nature of Business

We are an international experiential services company with operations in the United States, Canada, the United Kingdom, continental Europe, the United Arab Emirates, and Iceland. We are committed to providing unforgettable experiences to our clients and guests. We operate through 3 reportable business segments: GES North America, GES EMEA (collectively, “GES”), and Pursuit.

GES

GES is a global, full-service live events company offering a comprehensive range of services to event organizers and corporate brand marketers. Event organizers schedule and run events from start to finish. Corporate brand marketers include exhibitors and domestic and international corporations that want to promote their brands, services and innovations, feature new products, and build business relationships. GES serves corporate brand marketers when they exhibit at shows and when GES is engaged to manage their global exhibit program or produce their proprietary corporate events.

Pursuit

Pursuit is a collection of inspiring and unforgettable travel experiences that include recreational attractions, unique hotels and lodges, food and beverage, retail, sightseeing, and ground transportation services. Pursuit comprises the Banff Jasper Collection, the Alaska Collection, the Glacier Park Collection, and FlyOver.

Impact of COVID-19 and Going Concern

On March 11, 2020, the World Health Organization declared COVID-19 a “pandemic.” COVID-19 has spread rapidly, with a high concentration of confirmed cases in the U.S. and other countries in which we operate. The rapid spread has resulted in authorities around the world implementing numerous measures to contain the virus, such as travel bans and restrictions, quarantines, shelter-in-place orders, and business shutdowns. The COVID-19 pandemic and these containment measures have had, and are expected to continue to have, a substantial negative impact on businesses around the world and on global, regional, and national economies.

The COVID-19 pandemic is having and will likely continue to have a significant and negative impact on our operations and financial performance, with live event and tourism activities largely shut down. As a result, we have taken the following measures to improve our liquidity position due to COVID-19:

• On March 17, 2020, we borrowed $123 million under the revolving credit facility (the “2018 Credit Facility”) as a proactive measure to increase our cash position and preserve financial flexibility. At the end of March 2020, we repaid $32 million and in early April 2020, we borrowed $31 million under the 2018 Credit Facility. Refer to Note 12 – Debt and Finance Lease Obligations and Note 24 – Subsequent Events;

• We implemented aggressive cost reduction actions, including furloughs, mandatory unpaid time off, or salary reductions for all employees;

• Our executive management voluntarily reduced its base salaries by 20% to 50%;

• The non-employee members of our Board of Directors agreed to reduce their annual cash retainer and committee retainers by 50% for payments typically made to them in the second quarter of 2020;

• We have eliminated all non-essential capital expenditures and discretionary spending;

• In March 2020, our Board of Directors suspended future dividend payments and share repurchases;

• On April 20, 2020, we suspended our 401(k) Plan employer match contributions. Refer to Note 24 – Subsequent Events;

• On May 8, 2020, we obtained a waiver of our financial covenants for the quarter ending June 30, 2020. Refer to Note 12 – Debt and Finance Lease Obligations and Note 24 – Subsequent Events;

• We availed ourselves of governmental assistance programs for wages and tax relief; and

• In May 2020, we terminated our legacy life insurance policies on former employees and received the cash proceeds of $24.8 million. Refer to Note 8 – Other Investments and Assets and Note 24 – Subsequent Events.

Although we were in compliance with the financial covenants of our Second Amended and Restated Credit Agreement (the “2018 Credit Agreement”) as of March 31, 2020, disruptions caused by the COVID-19 pandemic have had and are likely to continue to have

7

a significant and negative impact on our operations and financial performance. In May 2020, we entered into an amendment to our 2018 Credit Agreement, which waived our financial covenants for the quarter ending June 30, 2020 and added a new minimum liquidity requirement. However, we expect to be unable to meet our financial covenants beginning with the quarter ending September 30, 2020, and as a result, the entire $412.6 million balance outstanding under the 2018 Credit Facility as of March 31, 2020 has been classified as a current liability. We are actively negotiating with our lenders to further amend our 2018 Credit Agreement, and we are pursuing options to raise capital and enhance our liquidity position. We cannot provide any assurance regarding the likelihood, certainty, or exact timing of our ability to raise capital or our ability to obtain further amendments to the 2018 Credit Agreement in a timely manner, or on acceptable terms, if at all. If we are unable to raise capital or obtain a waiver to our financial covenants, our lenders may exercise remedies against us, including the acceleration of our outstanding indebtedness. We also expect to be unable to meet our financial covenants under our FlyOver Iceland Credit Facility beginning with the quarter ending September 30, 2020, and as a result, the $5.3 million balance outstanding as of March 31, 2020 has been classified as a current liability. We have concluded that the shut-down of live event and tourism activities resulting in substantial net losses and operating cash outflows and the expected inability to maintain compliance with debt covenants discussed above raise substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern for a period through one year from the issuance of the financial statements. We have prepared the financial statements on a going concern basis, which do not include any adjustments that might result from the outcome of this uncertainty.

Due to the deteriorating macroeconomic environment, disruptions to our operations, and the sustained decline in our stock price caused by COVID-19, we determined an interim triggering event had occurred, which required us to assess the carrying values of goodwill and intangible assets in accordance with Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) No. 350, Intangibles – Goodwill and Other. Based on this assessment, we recorded a non-cash goodwill impairment charge of $72.7 million during the three months ended March 31, 2020 associated with the GES U.S., GES EMEA, and Pursuit’s Glacier Park Collection reporting units. Additionally, during the three months ended March 31, 2020, we recorded a non-cash impairment charge to other intangible assets of $15.7 million related to our U.S. audio-visual production business. The duration and impact of COVID-19 may result in additional future impairment charges as facts and circumstances evolve. Refer to Note 9 – Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets for additional information.

Basis of Presentation

The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements were prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”) and with the instructions to Form 10-Q and Article 10 of Regulation S-X for interim financial information. Accordingly, these financial statements do not include all of the information required by GAAP or SEC rules and regulations for complete financial statements. These financial statements reflect all adjustments (consisting of normal recurring adjustments) necessary for a fair presentation of the results for the interim periods presented. Interim results are not necessarily indicative of the results for the full year. These unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019, filed with the SEC on February 26, 2020 (“2019 Form 10-K”). We corrected the classification of debt as of December 31, 2019. Refer to Note 12 – Debt and Finance Lease Obligations.

The condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Viad and its subsidiaries. We have eliminated all significant intercompany account balances and transactions in consolidation.

Impact of Recent Accounting Pronouncements

The following table provides a brief description of recent accounting pronouncements:

Standard	Description	Date of adoption	Effect on the financial statements
Standards Not Yet Adopted
ASU 2019-12, Income Taxes (Topic 740) Simplifying the Accounting for Income Taxes	The amendment enhances and simplifies various aspects of the income tax accounting guidance, including requirements such as ownership changes in investments, and interim-period accounting for enacted changes in tax law.	1/1/2021	We are currently evaluating the potential impact of the adoption of this new guidance on our consolidated financial statements. We do not expect this new guidance to have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.

8

Standard	Description	Date of adoption	Effect on the financial statements
Standards Recently Adopted
ASU 2016-13, Financial Instruments – Credit Losses (Topic 326) - Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments	The amendment eliminates the incurred credit loss impairment methodology and replaces it with an expected credit loss concept based on historical experience, current conditions, and reasonable and supportable forecasts.	1/1/2020	We adopted this new standard on a modified retrospective basis. The adoption of this new standard on January 1, 2020 did not have a material impact on our condensed consolidated financial statements. However, due to the significant economic impact of COVID-19, we recorded an increase of $2.8 million to the provision for credit losses during March 2020.
ASU 2020-04, Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848)	The amendment provides temporary optional guidance to ease the potential burden in accounting for reference rate reform. Topic 848 provides optional expedients and exceptions for applying U.S. GAAP to transactions affected by reference rate reform if certain criteria are met.	3/12/2020	Topic 848 was effective beginning on March 12, 2020, and we will apply the amendments prospectively through December 31, 2022. There was no impact to our condensed consolidated financial statements for the quarter ended March 31, 2020 as a result of adopting this amendment.

Significant Accounting Policies

Use of Estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reported period. Estimates and assumptions are used in accounting for, among other things: impairment testing of recorded goodwill and intangible assets; allowances for uncollectible accounts receivable; provisions for income taxes, including uncertain tax positions; valuation allowances related to deferred tax assets; liabilities for losses related to self-insured liability claims; liabilities for losses related to environmental remediation obligations; sublease income associated with restructuring liabilities; pension and postretirement benefit costs and obligations; share-based compensation costs; the discount rates used to value lease obligations; the redemption value of redeemable noncontrolling interests; and the allocation of purchase price of acquired businesses. Actual results could differ from these and other estimates.

Revenue Recognition

Revenue is measured based on a specified amount of consideration in a contract with a customer, net of commissions paid to customers and amounts collected on behalf of third parties. We recognize revenue when a performance obligation is satisfied by transferring control of a product or service to a customer.

GES’ service revenue is primarily derived through its comprehensive range of services to event organizers and corporate brand marketers including Core Services, Event Technology, and Audio-Visual. GES’ service revenue is earned over time over the duration of the exhibition, conference, or corporate event, which generally lasts one to three days. GES’ product revenue is derived from the build of exhibits and environments and graphics. GES’ product revenue is recognized at a point in time upon delivery of the product.

Pursuit’s service revenue is derived through its admissions, accommodations, transportation, and travel planning services. Pursuit’s product revenue is derived through food and beverage and retail sales. Pursuit’s revenue is recognized at the time services are performed or upon delivery of the product. Pursuit’s service revenue is recognized over time as the customer simultaneously receives and consumes the benefits. Pursuit’s product revenue is recognized at a point in time.

Noncontrolling Interests – Non-redeemable and Redeemable

Non-redeemable noncontrolling interest represents the portion of equity in a subsidiary that is not attributable, directly or indirectly, to us. Our non-redeemable noncontrolling interest relates to the 20% equity ownership interest that we do not own in Glacier Park, Inc., the 40% equity interest that we do not own in the Mountain Park Lodges, and the 49% equity interest that we do not own in the new entity that will operate the Pursuit Sky Lagoon attraction. We report non-redeemable noncontrolling interest within stockholders’ equity in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. The amount of consolidated net income or loss attributable to Viad and the non-redeemable noncontrolling interest is presented in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations.

We consider noncontrolling interests with redemption features that are not solely within our control to be redeemable noncontrolling interests. Our redeemable noncontrolling interest relates to our 54.5% equity ownership interest in Esja Attractions ehf. (“Esja”), which owns the FlyOver Iceland attraction. The Esja shareholders agreement contains a put option that gives the minority Esja

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shareholders the right to sell (or “put”) their Esja shares to us based on a calculated formula within a predefined term. This redeemable noncontrolling interest is considered temporary equity and we report it between liabilities and stockholders’ equity in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. The amount of the net income or loss attributable to redeemable noncontrolling interests is recorded in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and the accretion of the redemption value is recorded as an adjustment to retained earnings and is included in our income per share. Refer to Note 21 – Redeemable Noncontrolling Interest for additional information.

Leases

We recognize a right-of-use (“ROU”) asset and lease liability on the balance sheet and classify leases as either finance or operating leases. The classification of the lease determines whether we recognize the lease expense on an effective interest method basis (finance lease) or on a straight-line basis (operating lease) over the lease term. In determining whether an agreement contains a lease, we consider if we have a right to control the use of the underlying asset during the lease term in exchange for an obligation to make lease payments arising from the lease. We recognize ROU assets and lease liabilities at commencement date, which is when the underlying asset is available for use to a lessee, based on the present value of lease payments over the lease term.

Our operating and finance leases are primarily facility, equipment, and land leases. Our facility leases comprise mainly manufacturing facilities, sales and design facilities, offices, storage and/or warehouses, and truck marshaling yards. These facility leases generally have lease terms ranging up to 25 years. Our equipment leases comprise mainly vehicles, hardware, and office equipment, each with various lease terms. Our land leases comprise mainly leases in Canada and Iceland on which our hotels or attractions are located and have lease terms ranging up to 42 years.

If a lease contains a renewal option that is reasonably certain to be exercised, then the lease term includes the optional periods in measuring a ROU asset and lease liability. We evaluate the reasonably certain threshold at lease commencement, and it is typically met if we identify substantial economic incentives or termination penalties. We do not include variable leases and variable non-lease components in the calculation of the ROU asset and corresponding lease liability. For facility leases, variable lease costs include the costs of common area maintenance, taxes, and insurance for which we pay our lessors an estimate that we adjust to actual expense on a quarterly or annual basis depending on the underlying contract terms. We expense these variable lease payments as incurred. Our lease agreements do not contain any significant residual value guarantees or restrictive covenants.

Substantially all of our lease agreements do not specify an implicit borrowing rate, and as such, we utilize an incremental borrowing rate based on lease term and country, in order to calculate the present value of our future lease payments. The discount rate represents a risk-adjusted rate on a collateralized basis and is the expected rate at which we would borrow funds to satisfy the scheduled lease liability payment streams commensurate with the lease term and the country.

We are also a lessor to third party tenants who either lease certain portions of facilities that we own or sublease certain portions of facilities that we lease. We record lease income from owned facilities as rental income and we record sublease income from leased facilities against lease expense in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations. We classify all of our leases for which we are the lessor as operating leases.

Note 2. Revenue and Related Contract Costs and Contract Liabilities

GES’ performance obligations consist of services or product(s) outlined in a contract. While we often sign multi-year contracts for recurring events, the obligations for each occurrence are well defined and conclude upon the occurrence of each event. The obligations are typically the provision of services and/or sale of a product in connection with an exhibition, conference, or other event. GES’ revenue is earned over time over the duration of the event, but as a practical expedient we recognize revenue when we have a right to invoice at the close of the exhibition, conference, or corporate event, which typically lasts one to three days or when a customer cancels a contract. We recognize revenue for consumer events over the duration of the event. We recognize revenue for products either upon delivery to the customer’s location, upon delivery to an event that we are serving, or when we have the right to invoice, generally at the close of the exhibition, conference, or corporate event, or when a customer cancels a contract. If a customer cancels a contract, then GES is generally contractually able to invoice the customer for contract costs that have been incurred by GES in preparing for the exhibition, conference, or corporate event. Payment terms are generally within 30-60 days and contain no significant financing components.

Pursuit’s performance obligations are short-term in nature. They include the provision of a hotel room, an attraction admission, a chartered or ticketed bus or van ride, the fulfillment of travel planning itineraries, and/or the sale of food, beverage, or retail products. We recognize revenue when the service has been provided or the product has been delivered. When we extend credit, payment terms are generally within 30 days and contain no significant financing components.

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Contract Liabilities

GES and Pursuit typically receive customer deposits prior to transferring the related product or service to the customer. We record these deposits as a contract liability, which are recognized as revenue upon satisfaction of the related contract performance obligation(s). GES also provides customer rebates and volume discounts to certain event organizers that we recognize as a reduction of revenue. We include these amounts in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets under the captions “Contract liabilities” and “Other deferred items and liabilities.”

Changes to contract liabilities are as follows:

(in thousands)
Balance at December 31, 2019	$	50,796
Cash additions		53,284
Revenue recognized		(64,430	)
Foreign exchange translation adjustment		(1,482	)
Balance at March 31, 2020	$	38,168

Contract Costs

GES capitalizes certain incremental costs incurred in obtaining and fulfilling contracts. Capitalized costs principally relate to direct costs of materials and services incurred in fulfilling services of future exhibitions, conferences, and events, and also include up-front incentives and commissions incurred upon contract signing. We expense costs associated with preliminary contract activities (i.e. proposal activities) as incurred. Capitalized contract costs are expensed upon the transfer of the related goods or services and are included in cost of services or cost of products, as applicable. We include the deferred incremental costs of obtaining and fulfilling contracts in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets under the captions “Current contract costs” and “Other investments and assets.”

Changes to contract costs are as follows:

(in thousands)
Balance at December 31, 2019	$	28,496
Additions		11,672
Expenses		(17,679	)
Cancelled		(2,086	)
Foreign exchange translation adjustment		(644	)
Balance at March 31, 2020	$	19,759

As of March 31, 2020, capitalized contract costs consisted of $1.7 million to obtain contracts and $18.1 million to fulfill contracts. We did 0t recognize an impairment loss with respect to capitalized contract costs during the three months ended March 31, 2020 or 2019.

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Disaggregation of Revenue

The following tables disaggregate GES and Pursuit revenue by major product line, timing of revenue recognition, and markets served:

GES

	Three Months Ended March 31, 2020
(in thousands)	GES North America		GES EMEA		Intersegment Eliminations			Total
Services:
Core services	$	210,183	$	26,503	$	—		$	236,686
Audio-visual		17,430		4,034		—			21,464
Event technology		5,554		2,861		—			8,415
Intersegment eliminations		—		—		(1,989	)		(1,989	)
Total services		233,167		33,398		(1,989	)		264,576
Products:
Core products		18,591		9,318		—			27,909
Total revenue	$	251,758	$	42,716	$	(1,989	)	$	292,485
Timing of revenue recognition:
Services transferred over time	$	233,167	$	33,398	$	(1,989	)	$	264,576
Products transferred over time(1)		10,577		2,450		—			13,027
Products transferred at a point in time		8,014		6,868		—			14,882
Total revenue	$	251,758	$	42,716	$	(1,989	)	$	292,485
Markets:
Exhibitions	$	184,358	$	32,547	$	—		$	216,905
Conferences		35,890		4,807		—			40,697
Corporate events		26,964		5,154		—			32,118
Consumer events		4,546		208		—			4,754
Intersegment eliminations		—		—		(1,989	)		(1,989	)
Total revenue	$	251,758	$	42,716	$	(1,989	)	$	292,485

⁽¹⁾ GES’ graphics product revenue is earned over time over the duration of the event as it is considered a part of the single performance obligation satisfied over time.

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	Three Months Ended March 31, 2019
(in thousands)	GES North America		GES EMEA		Intersegment Eliminations			Total
Services:
Core services	$	179,873	$	31,063	$	—		$	210,936
Audio-visual		18,406		3,888		—			22,294
Event technology		8,763		2,953		—			11,716
Intersegment eliminations		—		—		(2,690	)		(2,690	)
Total services		207,042		37,904		(2,690	)		242,256
Products:
Core products		16,199		16,472		—			32,671
Total revenue	$	223,241	$	54,376	$	(2,690	)	$	274,927
Timing of revenue recognition:
Services transferred over time	$	207,042	$	37,904	$	(2,690	)	$	242,256
Products transferred over time(1)		11,269		3,479		—			14,748
Products transferred at a point in time		4,930		12,993		—			17,923
Total revenue	$	223,241	$	54,376	$	(2,690	)	$	274,927
Markets:
Exhibitions	$	136,429	$	45,655	$	—		$	182,084
Conferences		47,862		2,982		—			50,844
Corporate events		32,787		5,545		—			38,332
Consumer events		6,163		194		—			6,357
Intersegment eliminations		—		—		(2,690	)		(2,690	)
Total revenue	$	223,241	$	54,376	$	(2,690	)	$	274,927

⁽¹⁾ GES’ graphics product revenue is earned over time over the duration of an event as it is considered a part of the single performance obligation satisfied over time.

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Pursuit

	Three Months Ended
	March 31,
(in thousands)	2020			2019
Services:
Admissions	$	4,102		$	3,525
Accommodations		4,517			2,418
Transportation		2,056			1,995
Travel planning		416			632
Intersegment eliminations		(111	)		(185	)
Total services revenue		10,980			8,385
Products:
Food and beverage		1,649			1,364
Retail operations		894			918
Total products revenue		2,543			2,282
Total revenue	$	13,523		$	10,667
Timing of revenue recognition:
Services transferred over time	$	10,980		$	8,385
Products transferred at a point in time		2,543			2,282
Total revenue	$	13,523		$	10,667
Markets:
Banff Jasper Collection	$	9,799		$	7,870
Alaska Collection		151			180
Glacier Park Collection		723			823
FlyOver		2,850			1,794
Total revenue	$	13,523		$	10,667

Note 3. Share-Based Compensation

The following table summarizes share-based compensation (income) expense:

	Three Months Ended
	March 31,
(in thousands)	2020			2019
Performance unit incentive plan (“PUP”)(1)	$	(2,635	)	$	1,423
Restricted stock		650			693
Restricted stock units		(160	)		90
Share-based compensation (income) expense before income tax benefit		(2,145	)		2,206
Income tax benefit		(109	)		(558	)
Share-based compensation (income) expense, net of income tax benefit	$	(2,254	)	$	1,648

⁽¹⁾ PUP awards are liability-based awards that are tied to our stock price and the expected achievement of certain performance-based criteria. During the three months ended March 31, 2020, the value of the PUP awards decreased due to the reduction of our estimated performance achievement and the decline in our stock price as a result of COVID-19.

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The following table summarizes the activity of the outstanding share-based compensation awards:

	PUP Awards					Restricted Stock					Restricted Stock Units
	Shares			Weighted-Average Grant Date Fair Value		Shares			Weighted-Average Grant Date Fair Value		Shares			Weighted-Average Grant Date Fair Value
Balance at December 31, 2019		214,904		$	52.53		136,123		$	52.66		11,623		$	52.17
Granted		84,898		$	56.15		47,742		$	55.91		3,391		$	55.24
Vested		(67,866	)	$	47.43		(61,475	)	$	50.02		(2,815	)	$	47.45
Forfeited		(595	)	$	58.79		(1,494	)	$	54.39		(760	)	$	56.88
Balance at March 31, 2020		231,341		$	55.34		120,896		$	55.26		11,439		$	53.93

Viad Corp Omnibus Incentive Plan

We grant share-based compensation awards to our officers, directors, and certain key employees pursuant to the 2017 Viad Corp Omnibus Incentive Plan (the “2017 Plan”). The 2017 Plan has a 10-year term and provides for the following types of awards: (a) incentive and non-qualified stock options; (b) restricted stock and restricted stock units; (c) performance units or performance shares; (d) stock appreciation rights; (e) cash-based awards; and (f) certain other stock-based awards. In June 2017, we registered 1,750,000 shares of common stock issuable under the 2017 Plan. As of March 31, 2020, there were 1,505,330 shares available for future grant under the 2017 Plan.

PUP Awards

The vesting of PUP award shares is based upon achievement of certain performance-based criteria over a three-year period.

During the three months ended March 31, 2020, we granted PUP awards with a grant date fair value of $4.8 million of which $1.8 million are payable in shares. Liabilities related to PUP awards were $0.4 million as of March 31, 2020 and $5.3 million as of December 31, 2019. In 2020, PUP awards granted in 2017 vested and we paid $2.6 million in cash. NaN PUP awards were paid in shares in 2020. In 2019, PUP awards granted in 2016 vested and we paid $5.6 million in cash and $3.4 million in shares. In 2019, we withheld 25,771 shares for $1.5 million related to tax withholding requirements on vested PUP awards paid in shares.

Restricted Stock

As of March 31, 2020, the unamortized cost of outstanding restricted stock awards was $4.4 million, which we expect to recognize over a weighted-average period of approximately 1.8 years. We repurchased 17,674 shares for $1.1 million during the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 24,067 shares for $1.4 million during the three months ended March 31, 2019 related to tax withholding requirements on vested share-based awards.

Restricted Stock Units

Aggregate liabilities related to restricted stock units were $0.1 million as of March 31, 2020 and $0.4 million as of December 31, 2019. During the three months ended March 31, 2020, restricted stock units vested and we paid $0.2 million in cash. During the three months ended March 31, 2019, restricted stock units vested and we paid $0.3 million in cash.

Stock Options

The following table summarizes stock option activity:

	Shares			Weighted-Average Exercise Price
Options outstanding and exercisable at December 31, 2019		41,143		$	16.62
Exercised		(41,143	)	$	16.62
Options outstanding and exercisable at March 31, 2020		—		$	—

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Note 4. Acquisitions

2019 Acquisitions

Belton Chalet

On May 16, 2019, we acquired the Belton Chalet in Glacier National Park for total cash consideration of $3.2 million. Transaction costs associated with the acquisition were $0.3 million during 2019, which are included in “Cost of services” in the Consolidated Statements of Operations. We included these assets in the consolidated financial statements from the date of acquisition.

Mountain Park Lodges

On June 8, 2019, we acquired a 60% equity interest in Mountain Park Lodges’ group of 7 hotels and an undeveloped land parcel located in Jasper National Park for total consideration of $100.6 million Canadian dollars (approximately $76 million U.S. dollars).

The seven Mountain Park Lodges properties include: Sawridge Inn and Conference Centre (152 guest rooms); Pyramid Lake Resort (62 guest rooms); The Crimson Hotel (99 guest rooms); Chateau Jasper (119 guest rooms); Pocahontas Cabins (57 guest rooms); Marmot Lodge (107 guest rooms); and Lobstick Lodge (139 guest rooms).

As the majority owner of these properties, we consolidate 100% of the results of operations in our consolidated financial statements and record the 40% owners’ share of the income or loss attributable to non-redeemable noncontrolling interest.

Transaction costs associated with the Mountain Park Lodges were $0.9 million in 2019, which are included in “Corporate activities” in the Consolidated Statements of Operations. We included these assets and results of operations in the consolidated financial statements from the date of acquisition. During the three months ended March 31, 2020, revenue related to the Mountain Park Lodges was $2.9 million and operating loss was $2.4 million.

Identifiable intangible assets acquired in the Mountain Park Lodges acquisition were $20.2 million and consist primarily of in-place leases, customer relationships, and trade names. The weighted average amortization period related to the intangible assets was approximately 30.8 years.

Pursuit – Sky Lagoon Attraction

On July 25, 2019, we announced plans for a new geothermal lagoon attraction that will be located on an oceanfront lot just outside downtown Reykjavik, Iceland. We acquired a 51% controlling interest for $13.2 million in the new entity that will manage the Pursuit Sky Lagoon attraction, which we will operate in partnership with Geothermal Lagoon ehf., the Icelandic entity that owns the lagoon assets. The noncontrolling interest’s carrying value was determined by the fair value of the noncontrolling interest as of the acquisition date and the noncontrolling interest’s share of the subsequent net income or loss. The amortization of the resulting operating contract intangible is not deductible for tax purposes. We expect to open our new attraction in 2021.

Supplementary pro forma financial information

The following table summarizes the unaudited pro forma results of operations attributable to Viad, assuming the completion of the Mountain Park Lodges acquisition was on January 1, 2019. We do not consider the Pursuit Sky Lagoon attraction or the Belton Chalet significant acquisitions and accordingly, they are not included in the following pro forma results of operations:

	Three Months Ended
(in thousands, except per share data)	March 31, 2019
Revenue	$	289,476
Depreciation and amortization	$	14,508
Loss from continuing operations	$	(18,760	)
Net loss attributable to Viad	$	(18,228	)
Diluted loss per share(1)	$	(0.91	)
Basic loss per share	$	(0.91	)

⁽¹⁾ Diluted loss per share amount cannot exceed basic loss per share.

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Note 5. Inventories

We state inventories, which consist primarily of exhibit design and construction materials and supplies, as well as retail inventory, at the lower of cost (first-in, first-out and specific identification methods) or net realizable value.

The components of inventories consisted of the following:

	March 31,		December 31,
(in thousands)	2020		2019
Raw materials	$	11,895	$	11,788
Finished goods		5,633		5,481
Inventories	$	17,528	$	17,269

Note 6. Other Current Assets

Other current assets consisted of the following:

	March 31,		December 31,
(in thousands)	2020		2019
Income tax receivable	$	18,492	$	13,250
Prepaid software maintenance		5,110		3,875
Prepaid insurance		5,027		5,573
Prepaid vendor payments		3,852		4,698
Prepaid taxes		653		917
Prepaid other		3,753		1,904
Other		490		637
Other current assets	$	37,377	$	30,854

Note 7. Property and Equipment

Property and equipment consisted of the following:

	March 31,			December 31,
(in thousands)	2020			2019
Land and land interests	$	34,169		$	34,532
Buildings and leasehold improvements		361,971			377,754
Equipment and other		417,965			417,239
Gross property and equipment		814,105			829,525
Accumulated depreciation		(355,439	)		(353,974	)
Property and equipment, net (excluding finance leases)		458,666			475,551
Finance lease right-of-use assets, net		22,956			25,350
Property and equipment, net	$	481,622		$	500,901

Depreciation expense was $12.2 million for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and $10.1 million for the three months ended March 31, 2019.

Amortization expense on finance lease assets was $0.9 million for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and $0.6 million for the three months ended March 31, 2019.

Property and equipment purchased through accounts payable and accrued liabilities decreased $4.6 million during the three months ended March 31, 2020 and decreased $1.5 million during the three months ended March 31, 2019.

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Note 8. Other Investments and Assets

Other investments and assets consisted of the following:

	March 31,		December 31,
(in thousands)	2020		2019
Cash surrender value of life insurance(1)	$	24,951	$	24,873
Self-insured liability receivable		9,982		9,982
Contract costs		4,760		3,961
Other mutual funds		2,633		3,107
Other		3,218		3,196
Other investments and assets	$	45,544	$	45,119

⁽¹⁾ In May 2020, we terminated our life insurance policies and received cash proceeds of $24.8 million. Refer to Note 24 – Subsequent Events.

Note 9. Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets

The changes in the carrying amount of goodwill are as follows:

(in thousands)	GES North America			GES EMEA			Pursuit			Total
Balance at December 31, 2019	$	155,276		$	30,829		$	101,878		$	287,983
Goodwill impairment		(41,887	)		(29,042	)		(1,757	)		(72,686	)
Foreign currency translation adjustments		(534	)		(1,787	)		(8,363	)		(10,684	)
Balance at March 31, 2020	$	112,855		$	—		$	91,758		$	204,613

Goodwill is tested for impairment at the reporting unit level on an annual basis as of October 31, and between annual tests if an event occurs or circumstances change that would more-likely-than-not reduce the fair value of a reporting unit below its carrying value. We use a discounted expected future cash flow methodology (income approach) in order to estimate the fair value of our reporting units for purposes of goodwill impairment testing.

In early March 2020, as a result of COVID-19 concerns, we began to see event postponements and cancellations at GES, as well as some cancelled bookings at Pursuit. This quickly escalated into the shut-down of event activity and tourism as government mandated closures and stay-at-home orders went more broadly into effect around the world. As demand halted, we essentially placed our businesses into a state of hibernation to preserve cash. As select areas of the global economy have begun to re-open, primarily at the discretion of local authorities, we are beginning to restart our business with enhanced health and safety protocols in place. On May 7, 2020, we re-opened FlyOver Iceland, and we have begun and expect to continue to re-open other Pursuit experiences in June as restrictions are eased. However, exhibition and event activity has yet to resume. For GES, we believe that as governments lift restrictions, events in certain geographies will start to take place again during the third quarter and we stand ready to reactivate areas of that business when it makes sense to do so.

During the three months ended March 31, 2020, we determined that an interim triggering event had occurred due to the deteriorating macroeconomic environment, disruptions to our operations, and the sustained decline in our stock price caused by COVID-19. As such, we performed an interim evaluation of goodwill as of March 31, 2020. As a result of the interim impairment test, we recorded non-cash goodwill impairment charges of $41.9 million associated with GES U.S., $29.0 million associated with GES EMEA, and $1.8 million associated with Pursuit’s Glacier Park Collection. We recorded an income tax benefit of $12.4 million related to these goodwill impairment charges.

Given the evolving, uncertain nature of COVID-19, and the uncertain government and consumer reactions, the estimates and assumptions regarding expected future cash flows, discount rates, and terminal values used in our goodwill impairment analysis require considerable judgment and are based on our current estimates of market conditions, financial forecasts, and industry trends. These estimates, however, have inherent uncertainties and different assumptions could lead to materially different results including additional impairment charges in the future.

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Other intangible assets consisted of the following:

		March 31, 2020							December 31, 2019
(in thousands)	Useful Life (Years)	Gross Carrying Value		Accumulated Amortization			Net Carrying Value		Gross Carrying Value		Accumulated Amortization			Net Carrying Value
Intangible assets subject to amortization:
Customer contracts and relationships	6.6	$	39,395	$	(25,144	)	$	14,251	$	72,219	$	(40,866	)	$	31,353
Operating contracts and licenses	37.2		37,924		(1,757	)		36,167		43,329		(1,881	)		41,448
In-place lease	13.7		13,897		(280	)		13,617		15,044		(231	)		14,813
Tradenames	7.4		5,397		(1,688	)		3,709		9,423		(4,338	)		5,085
Non-compete agreements	1.8		697		(453	)		244		2,077		(1,775	)		302
Other	7.9		742		(70	)		672		802		(66	)		736
Total amortized intangible assets			98,052		(29,392	)		68,660		142,894		(49,157	)		93,737
Indefinite-lived intangible assets:
Business licenses			562		—			562		571		—			571
Other intangible assets		$	98,614	$	(29,392	)	$	69,222	$	143,465	$	(49,157	)	$	94,308

Intangible asset amortization expense was $2.2 million for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and $2.5 million for the three months ended March 31, 2019. We recorded an impairment charge to intangible assets of $15.7 million during the three months ended March 31, 2020 related to our U.S. audio-visual production business.

At March 31, 2020, the estimated future amortization expense related to intangible assets subject to amortization is as follows:

(in thousands)
Year ending December 31,
Remainder of 2020	$	4,305
2021		4,948
2022		4,832
2023		4,203
2024		3,282
Thereafter		47,090
Total	$	68,660

The duration and impact of COVID-19 may result in additional future impairment charges as facts and circumstances evolve.

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Note 10. Other Current Liabilities

Other current liabilities consisted of the following:

	March 31,		December 31,
(in thousands)	2020		2019
Continuing operations:
Accrued sales and use taxes	$	7,751	$	5,451
Commissions payable		7,450		8,274
Accrued employee benefit costs		6,249		3,564
Self-insured liability		6,001		5,668
Accommodation services deposits		5,863		959
Accrued dividends		2,023		2,019
Current portion of pension and postretirement liabilities		1,722		1,899
Accrued restructuring		1,705		2,130
Accrued legal settlement		1,250		2,500
Accrued professional fees		1,125		1,248
Other taxes		542		278
Other		4,398		5,187
Total continuing operations		46,079		39,177
Discontinued operations:
Self-insured liability		386		260
Environmental remediation liabilities		206		311
Other		79		76
Total discontinued operations		671		647
Total other current liabilities	$	46,750	$	39,824

Note 11. Other Deferred Items and Liabilities

Other deferred items and liabilities consisted of the following:

	March 31,		December 31,
(in thousands)	2020		2019
Continuing operations:
Foreign deferred tax liability	$	27,374	$	32,570
Multi-employer pension plan withdrawal liability		15,508		15,693
Self-insured excess liability		9,982		9,982
Self-insured liability		8,314		8,682
Accrued compensation		4,409		7,485
Accrued restructuring		2,250		2,383
Contract liabilities		1,418		125
Other		2,206		2,423
Total continuing operations		71,461		79,343
Discontinued operations:
Environmental remediation liabilities		2,125		1,964
Self-insured liability		1,778		2,018
Other		379		382
Total discontinued operations		4,282		4,364
Total other deferred items and liabilities	$	75,743	$	83,707

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Note 12. Debt and Finance Lease Obligations

The components of long-term debt and finance lease obligations consisted of the following:

	March 31,			December 31,
(in thousands, except interest rates)	2020			2019
2018 Credit Facility, 3.1% weighted-average interest rate at March 31, 2020 and 3.9% at December 31, 2019, due through 2023(1)	$	412,551		$	311,464
FlyOver Iceland Credit Facility, 4.9% weighted-average interest rate at March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, due through 2022(1)		5,254			5,607
Less unamortized debt issuance costs		(1,708	)		(1,836	)
Total debt (2)		416,097			315,235
Finance lease obligations, 7.8% weighted-average interest rate at March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, due through 2021		22,749			25,257
Total debt and finance lease obligations (3)		438,846			340,492
Current portion (4)(5)		(420,830	)		(5,330	)
Long-term debt and finance lease obligations	$	18,016		$	335,162

⁽¹⁾ Represents the weighted-average interest rate in effect at the respective periods, including any applicable margin. The interest rates do not include amortization of debt issuance costs or commitment fees.

⁽²⁾ The estimated fair value of total debt and finance leases was $430.1 million as of March 31, 2020 and $339.4 million as of December 31, 2019. The fair value of debt was estimated by discounting the future cash flows using rates currently available for debt of similar terms and maturity, which is a Level 2 measurement. Refer to Note 13 – Fair Value Measurements.

⁽³⁾ Cash paid for interest on debt was $3.5 million for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and $2.7 million for the three months ended March 31, 2019.

⁽⁴⁾ Subsequent to the filing of our 2019 Form 10-K, we identified a correction related to the classification of the 2018 Credit Facility (as defined below) from current to long-term given that the 2018 Credit Facility’s contractual maturity is not within 12 months of the balance sheet date, and we were in compliance with all applicable covenants as of December 31, 2019. As a result, we corrected the classification of the debt on the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheet and the disclosure related to classification of debt in the table above as of December 31, 2019 to present the 2018 Credit Facility as long-term. Except for this change, the correction had no impact upon this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. We determined that the error is not material to the previously issued financial statements.

⁽⁵⁾ As discussed below, in May 2020, we entered into an amendment to our 2018 Credit Agreement (as defined below), which waived our financial covenants for the quarter ending June 30, 2020. However, we expect to be unable to meet our financial covenants beginning with the quarter ending September 30, 2020, and as a result, the entire $412.6 million balance outstanding under the 2018 Credit Facility as of March 31, 2020 has been classified as a current liability. We are actively negotiating with our lenders to further amend our 2018 Credit Agreement; however, we cannot provide any assurance regarding our ability to obtain further amendments to the 2018 Credit Agreement in a timely manner, or on acceptable terms, if at all. If we are unable to obtain a waiver to our financial covenants, our lenders may exercise remedies against us, including the acceleration of our outstanding indebtedness We also expect to be unable to meet our financial covenants under our FlyOver Iceland Credit Facility beginning with the quarter ending September 30, 2020, and as a result, the $5.3 million balance outstanding as of March 31, 2020 has been classified as a current liability.

2018 Credit Agreement

Effective October 24, 2018, we entered into a Second Amended and Restated Credit Agreement (the “2018 Credit Agreement”). The 2018 Credit Agreement has a maturity date of October 24, 2023 and provides for a $450 million revolving credit facility (“2018 Credit Facility”). Proceeds from the 2018 Credit Facility were used to refinance certain of our outstanding debt and provide us with additional funds for our operations, growth initiatives, acquisitions, and other general corporate purposes in the ordinary course of business. The 2018 Credit Facility may be increased up to an additional $250 million under certain circumstances and has a $20 million sublimit for letters of credit. Borrowings and letters of credit can be denominated in U.S. dollars, Euros, Canadian dollars, or British pounds. Our lenders under the 2018 Credit Facility have a first perfected security interest in all of our personal property including GES, GES Event Intelligence Services, Inc., CATC Alaska Tourism Corporation (“CATC”), ON Event Services, LLC (“ON Services”), and 65% of the capital stock of our top-tier foreign subsidiaries (other than Esja). Financial covenants include an interest coverage ratio of not less than 3.00 to 1.00 and a leverage ratio of not greater than 3.50 to 1.00, with a step-up to 4.00 to 1.00 for four quarters following a material acquisition of $50 million or more. Dividends are permitted up to $15 million in any calendar year. In addition, we can declare and pay dividends or repurchase our common stock up to $20 million per calendar year. Dividends and repurchases above those thresholds are permitted as long as our pro forma leverage ratio is less than or equal to 2.75 to 1.00.

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Unsecured debt is allowed provided we are in compliance with the leverage ratio. In addition, the unsecured debt must mature after the expiration of the 2018 Credit Facility, cannot have scheduled principal payments while the 2018 Credit Facility is in place, and any covenants for unsecured debt cannot be more restrictive than the 2018 Credit Facility. Significant other covenants include limitations on investments, additional indebtedness, sales and dispositions of assets, and liens on property. As of March 31, 2020, the interest coverage ratio was 9.16 to 1.00, the leverage ratio was 3.13 to 1.00, and we were in compliance with all covenants under the 2018 Credit Agreement.

Effective July 23, 2019, we entered into an amendment (“Amendment No. 1”) to the 2018 Credit Agreement. Amendment No.1 modified the terms related to the withdrawal liabilities of single and multi-employer ERISA plans.

Effective May 8, 2020, we entered into an amendment (“Amendment No. 2”) to the 2018 Credit Agreement. Amendment No. 2, which among other things, waived our financial covenants for the quarter ending June 30, 2020 under the 2018 Credit Agreement and added a new minimum liquidity requirement; however, we expect to be unable to meet our financial covenants beginning with the quarter ending September 30, 2020. Refer to Note 1 – Overview and Basis of Presentation (Impact of COVID-19 and Going Concern) and Note 24 – Subsequent Events for additional information.

We index borrowings under the 2018 Credit Facility (of which GES, GES Event Intelligence Services, Inc., CATC, and ON Services are guarantors) to the prime rate or the London Interbank Offered Rate (“LIBOR”), plus appropriate spreads tied to our leverage ratio. As LIBOR will be phased out in 2021, our 2018 Credit Facility includes a method for determining an alternative or successor rate of interest that considers the new prevailing market convention. The vast majority of our borrowings under the 2018 Credit Facility are indexed to LIBOR. Commitment fees and letters of credit fees are also tied to our leverage ratio. The fees on the unused portion of the 2018 Credit Facility were 0.35% annually as of March 31, 2020. We index only our borrowings under the 2018 Credit Facility and the discount rates we use to account for some leases to LIBOR. We do not expect the alternative or successor rate to LIBOR to have a material impact on either our 2018 Credit Facility or the accounting for our leases.

On March 17, 2020, we borrowed $123.0 million under the 2018 Credit Facility as a proactive measure to increase our cash position and preserve financial flexibility due to uncertainty in the global markets resulting from the COVID-19 outbreak.

As of March 31, 2020, capacity remaining under the 2018 Credit Facility was $33.8 million, reflecting borrowings of $412.6 million and $3.6 million in outstanding letters of credit. In early April 2020, we borrowed $31 million under the 2018 Credit Facility.

FlyOver Iceland Credit Facility

Effective February 15, 2019, FlyOver Iceland ehf., a wholly-owned subsidiary of Esja, entered into a credit agreement with a €5.0 million (approximately $5.6 million U.S. dollars) credit facility (the “FlyOver Iceland Credit Facility”) with a maturity date of March 1, 2022. We used the loan proceeds to complete the development of the FlyOver Iceland attraction. In response to COVID-19, we entered into an addendum to the FlyOver Iceland Credit Facility effective May 14, 2020 wherein the principal and interest payments will be deferred for six months beginning June 1, 2020, with the first payment due December 1, 2020. The addendum also extended the maturity date to September 1, 2022. There were no other changes to the terms of the FlyOver Iceland Credit Facility. We expect to be unable to meet our financial covenants under our FlyOver Iceland Credit Facility beginning with the quarter ending September 30, 2020.

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Note 13. Fair Value Measurements

The fair value of an asset or liability is defined as the price that would be received by selling an asset or paying to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. The fair value guidance requires an entity to maximize the use of quoted prices and other observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs when measuring fair value, and also establishes a fair value hierarchy, which prioritizes the inputs to valuation techniques used to measure fair value as follows:

Level 1 - Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.

Level 2 - Observable inputs other than quoted prices included within Level 1 that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly.

Level 3 - Unobservable inputs to the valuation methodology that are significant to the measurement of fair value.

Money market mutual funds and certain other mutual fund investments are measured at fair value on a recurring basis using Level 1 inputs. The fair value information related to these assets is summarized in the following tables:

			Fair Value Measurements at Reporting Date Using
(in thousands)	March 31, 2020		Quoted Prices in Active Markets (Level 1)		Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)		Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
Assets:
Money market funds (1)	$	77,125	$	77,125	$	—	$	—
Other mutual funds (2)		2,633		2,633		—		—
Total assets at fair value on a recurring basis	$	79,758	$	79,758	$	—	$	—

			Fair Value Measurements at Reporting Date Using
(in thousands)	December 31, 2019		Quoted Prices in Active Markets (Level 1)		Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)		Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
Assets:
Money market funds (1)	$	123	$	123	$	—	$	—
Other mutual funds (2)		3,107		3,107		—		—
Total assets at fair value on a recurring basis	$	3,230	$	3,230	$	—	$	—

⁽¹⁾ We include money market funds in “Cash and cash equivalents” in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. We classify these investments as available-for-sale and record them at fair value. There have been 0 realized gains or losses related to these investments and we have not experienced any redemption restrictions with respect to any of the money market mutual funds. A portion of the funds borrowed during the three months ended March 31, 2020 under the 2018 Credit Facility were deposited into money market funds. Refer to Note 12 – Debt and Finance Lease Obligations for additional information.

⁽²⁾ We include other mutual funds in “Other investments and assets” in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets.

The carrying values of cash and cash equivalents, receivables, and accounts payable approximate fair value due to the short-term nature of these instruments. Refer to Note 12 – Debt and Finance Lease Obligations for the estimated fair value of debt obligations.

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Note 14. Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)

Changes in accumulated other comprehensive income (“AOCI”) by component are as follows:

(in thousands)	Cumulative Foreign Currency Translation Adjustments			Unrecognized Net Actuarial Loss and Prior Service Credit, Net			Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)
Balance at December 31, 2019	$	(23,799	)	$	(11,900	)	$	(35,699	)
Other comprehensive loss before reclassifications		(28,158	)		—			(28,158	)
Amounts reclassified from AOCI, net of tax		—			314			314
Net other comprehensive income (loss)		(28,158	)		314			(27,844	)
Balance at March 31, 2020	$	(51,957	)	$	(11,586	)	$	(63,543	)

(in thousands)	Cumulative Foreign Currency Translation Adjustments			Unrecognized Net Actuarial Loss and Prior Service Credit, Net			Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)
Balance at December 31, 2018	$	(36,332	)	$	(11,643	)	$	(47,975	)
Other comprehensive income before reclassifications		4,780			—			4,780
Amounts reclassified from AOCI, net of tax		—			85			85
Net other comprehensive income		4,780			85			4,865
Balance at March 31, 2019	$	(31,552	)	$	(11,558	)	$	(43,110	)

Amounts reclassified that relate to our defined benefit pension and postretirement plans include the amortization of prior service costs and actuarial net losses recognized during each period presented. We recorded these costs as components of net periodic cost for each period presented. Refer to Note 17 – Pension and Postretirement Benefits for additional information.

Note 15. Loss Per Share

The components of basic and diluted income per share are as follows:

	Three Months Ended
	March 31,
(in thousands, except per share data)	2020			2019
Net loss attributable to Viad (diluted)	$	(86,585	)	$	(17,777	)
Less: Allocation to non-vested shares		—			—
Adjustment to the redemption value of redeemable noncontrolling interest		(126	)		(87	)
Net loss allocated to Viad common stockholders (basic)	$	(86,711	)	$	(17,864	)
Basic weighted-average outstanding common shares		20,215			20,076
Additional dilutive shares related to share-based compensation		—			—
Diluted weighted-average outstanding shares		20,215			20,076
Loss per share:
Basic loss attributable to Viad common stockholders	$	(4.29	)	$	(0.89	)
Diluted loss attributable to Viad common stockholders(1)	$	(4.29	)	$	(0.89	)

⁽¹⁾ Diluted loss per share amount cannot exceed basic loss per share.

Note 16. Income Taxes

The effective tax rate was 15.2% for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 29.8% for the three months ended March 31, 2019.

The income tax provision was computed based on our estimated annualized effective tax rate and the full-year forecasted income or loss plus the tax impact of unusual, infrequent, or nonrecurring significant items during the period. The effective tax rate for the three months ended March 31, 2020 was less than the federal statutory rate of 21% primarily due to no tax benefit recognized on some of the impairments recorded on goodwill (see Note 9 – Goodwill and Intangible Assets). The effective tax rate for the three months ended March 31, 2019 was more than the federal statutory rate primarily due to foreign losses taxed at higher rates, equity

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compensation vested during the quarter, and the tax benefit of a legal settlement that was treated as an unusual item and not included in the annualized tax rate calculation.

Net cash paid for income taxes was $3.3 million for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and $3.4 million for the three months ended March 31, 2019.

Note 17. Pension and Postretirement Benefits

The components of net periodic benefit cost of our pension and postretirement benefit plans for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019 consist of the following:

	Domestic Plans
	Pension Plans						Postretirement Benefit Plans						Foreign Pension Plans
(in thousands)	2020			2019			2020			2019			2020			2019
Service cost	$	—		$	15		$	15		$	20		$	110		$	101
Interest cost		160			214			88			124			84			94
Expected return on plan assets		(1	)		(34	)		—			—			(131	)		(122	)
Amortization of prior service credit		—			—			(36	)		(47	)		—			—
Recognized net actuarial loss		135			106			82			77			46			38
Net periodic benefit cost	$	294		$	301		$	149		$	174		$	109		$	111

We expect to contribute $1.4 million to our funded pension plans, $0.9 million to our unfunded pension plans, and $1.0 million to our postretirement benefit plans in 2019. During the three months ended March 31, 2020, we contributed $0.1 million to our funded pension plans, $0.2 million to our unfunded pension plans, and $0.2 million to our postretirement benefit plans.

Note 18. Restructuring Charges

GES

As part of our efforts to drive efficiencies and simplify our business operations, we took certain restructuring actions designed to reduce our cost structure primarily within GES. During 2020, we completed some strategic simplification actions, including the elimination of certain positions primarily in the United Kingdom.

Other Restructurings

We recorded restructuring charges in connection with the consolidation of certain support functions at our corporate headquarters. These charges primarily consist of severance and related benefits due to headcount reductions and charges related to the downsizing of facilities.

Changes to the restructuring liability by major restructuring activity are as follows:

	GES						Other Restructurings
(in thousands)	Severance & Employee Benefits			Facilities			Severance & Employee Benefits			Total
Balance at December 31, 2019	$	2,935		$	1,339		$	239		$	4,513
Restructuring charges		664			(8	)		195			851
Cash payments		(808	)		(223	)		(262	)		(1,293	)
Adjustment to liability		(80	)		(46	)		10			(116	)
Balance at March 31, 2020	$	2,711		$	1,062		$	182		$	3,955

As of March 31, 2020, we expect to pay all but $1.5 million of the liabilities related to severance and employee benefits by the end of 2020. The liability related to future lease payments will be paid over the remaining lease terms. Refer to Note 22 – Segment Information, for information regarding restructuring charges by segment.

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Note 19. Leases and Other

The balance sheet presentation of our operating and finance leases is as follows:

		March 31,		December 31,
(in thousands)	Classification on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet	2020		2019
Assets:
Operating lease assets	Operating lease right-of-use assets	$	96,719	$	103,314
Finance lease assets	Property and equipment, net		22,956		25,350
Total lease assets		$	119,675	$	128,664
Liabilities:
Current:
Operating lease obligations	Operating lease obligations	$	20,708	$	22,180
Finance lease obligations	Current portion of debt and finance lease obligations		3,025		3,386
Noncurrent:
Operating lease obligations	Long-term operating lease obligations		78,685		82,851
Finance lease obligations	Long-term debt and finance lease obligations		19,724		21,871
Total lease liabilities		$	122,142	$	130,288

The components of lease expense consisted of the following:

	Three Months Ended
	March 31,
(in thousands)	2020		2019
Finance lease cost:
Amortization of right-of-use assets	$	918	$	589
Interest on lease liabilities		417		67
Operating lease cost		6,727		5,992
Short-term lease cost		310		215
Variable lease cost		1,699		1,815
Sublease income(1)		—		(172	)
Total lease cost, net	$	10,071	$	8,506

⁽¹⁾  Sublease income excludes rental income from owned assets, which is recorded in revenue.

Other information related to operating and finance leases are as follows:

	Three Months Ended
	March 31,
(in thousands)	2020			2019
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities:
Operating cash flows from operating leases	$	6,529		$	6,198
Operating cash flows from finance leases	$	160		$	67
Financing cash flows from finance leases	$	777		$	522
Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for lease obligations:
Operating leases	$	779		$	11,439
Finance leases	$	730		$	1,182
	March 31,			December 31,
	2020			2019
Weighted-average remaining lease term (years):
Operating leases		8.21			8.17
Finance leases		13.24			14.01
Weighted-average discount rate:
Operating leases		5.74	%		5.77	%
Finance leases		7.77	%		7.73	%

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As of March 31, 2020, the estimated future minimum lease payments under non-cancellable leases, excluding variable leases and variable non-lease components, are as follows:

(in thousands)	Operating Leases			Finance Leases			Total
Remainder of 2020	$	18,496		$	3,680		$	22,176
2021		19,571			4,181			23,752
2022		16,152			3,687			19,839
2023		13,159			3,166			16,325
2024		9,959			2,468			12,427
Thereafter		54,919			22,550			77,469
Total future lease payments		132,256			39,732			171,988
Less: Amount representing interest		(32,863	)		(16,983	)		(49,846	)
Present value of minimum lease payments		99,393			22,749			122,142
Current portion		20,708			3,025			23,733
Long-term portion	$	78,685		$	19,724		$	98,409

As of March 31, 2020, the estimated future minimum rentals under non-cancellable leases, which includes rental income from facilities that we own, are as follows:

(in thousands)
Remainder of 2020	$	1,516
2021		1,839
2022		1,515
2023		1,329
2024		1,091
Thereafter		4,789
Total minimum rents	$	12,079

Leases Not Yet Commenced

As of March 31, 2020, we had executed certain facility and land leases for which we did not have control of the underlying assets. Accordingly, we did not record the lease liabilities and right-of-use assets on our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. These leases include future planned attractions for Pursuit that are currently in the planning or development phase and that we expect the lease commencement dates to begin between fiscal years 2021 and 2022 with lease terms of 15 to 47 years.

Note 20. Litigation, Claims, Contingencies, and Other

We are plaintiffs or defendants to various actions, proceedings, and pending claims, some of which involve, or may involve, compensatory, punitive, or other damages. Litigation is subject to many uncertainties and it is possible that some of the legal actions, proceedings, or claims could be decided against us. During the three months ended March 31, 2019, we recorded an $8.5 million charge to resolve a legal dispute at GES involving a former industry contractor. Although the amount of liability as of March 31, 2020 with respect to unresolved legal matters is not ascertainable, we believe that any resulting liability, after taking into consideration amounts already provided for and insurance coverage, will not have a material effect on our business, financial position, or results of operations.

We are subject to various U.S. federal, state, and foreign laws and regulations governing the prevention of pollution and the protection of the environment in the jurisdictions in which we have or had operations. If we fail to comply with these environmental laws and regulations, civil and criminal penalties could be imposed, and we could become subject to regulatory enforcement actions in the form of injunctions and cease and desist orders. As is the case with many companies, we also face exposure to actual or potential claims and lawsuits involving environmental matters relating to our past operations. As of March 31, 2020, we had recorded environmental remediation liabilities of $2.3 million related to previously sold operations. Although we are a party to certain environmental disputes, we believe that any resulting liabilities, after taking into consideration amounts already provided for and insurance coverage, will not have a material effect on our financial position or results of operations.

As of March 31, 2020, on behalf of our subsidiaries, we had certain obligations under guarantees to third parties. These guarantees are not subject to liability recognition in the condensed consolidated financial statements and relate to leased facilities and equipment leases entered into by our subsidiary operations. We would generally be required to make payments to the respective third parties under these guarantees in the event that the related subsidiary could not meet its own payment obligations. The maximum potential amount of future payments that we would be required to make under all guarantees existing as of March 31, 2020 would be $75.3

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million. These guarantees relate to our leased equipment and facilities through January 2040. There are 0 recourse provisions that would enable us to recover from third parties any payments made under the guarantees. Furthermore, there are no collateral or similar arrangements pursuant to which we could recover payments.

A significant number of our employees are unionized and we are a party to approximately 100 collective-bargaining agreements, with approximately one-third requiring renegotiation each year. If we are unable to reach an agreement with a union during the collective-bargaining process, the union may call for a strike or work stoppage, which may, under certain circumstances, adversely impact our business and results of operations. We believe that relations with our employees are satisfactory and that collective-bargaining agreements expiring in 2020 will be renegotiated in the ordinary course of business. Although our labor relations are currently stable, disruptions could occur, with the possibility of an adverse impact on the operating results of GES. During the three months ended June 30, 2019, we finalized the terms of a new collective-bargaining agreement with the Teamsters Local 727 union. The terms included a withdrawal from the underfunded Central States Pension Plan. Accordingly, we recorded a charge of $15.5 million, which represents the estimated present value of future contributions we will be required to make to the plan as a result of this withdrawal and $0.2 million of other withdrawal costs.

We are self-insured up to certain limits for workers’ compensation and general liabilities, which includes automobile, product general liability, and client property loss claims. The aggregate amount of insurance liabilities (up to our retention limit) related to our continuing operations was $14.3 million as of March 31, 2020, which includes $9.8 million related to workers’ compensation liabilities, and $4.5 million related to general liability claims. We have also retained and provided for certain workers’ compensation insurance liabilities in conjunction with previously sold businesses of $2.2 million as of March 31, 2020. We are also self-insured for certain employee health benefits and the estimated employee health benefit claims incurred but not yet reported was $1.5 million as of March 31, 2020. Provisions for losses for claims incurred, including actuarially derived estimated claims incurred but not yet reported, are made based on our historical experience, claims frequency, and other factors. A change in the assumptions used could result in an adjustment to recorded liabilities. We have purchased insurance for amounts in excess of the self-insured levels, which generally range from $0.2 million to $0.5 million on a per claim basis. We do not maintain a self-insured retention pool fund as claims are paid from current cash resources at the time of settlement. Our net cash payments in connection with these insurance liabilities were $1.5 million for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and $1.8 million for the three months ended March 31, 2019.

In addition, as of March 31, 2020, we have recorded insurance liabilities of $10.0 million related to continuing operations, which represents the amount for which we remain the primary obligor after self-insured insurance limits, without taking into consideration the above-referenced insurance coverage. Of this total, $6.5 million related to workers’ compensation liabilities and $3.5 million related to general/auto liability claims, which are recorded in other deferred items and liabilities in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets with a corresponding receivable in other investments.

Note 21. Redeemable Noncontrolling Interest

On November 3, 2017, we acquired the controlling interest (54.5% of the common stock) in Esja, a private corporation in Reykjavik, Iceland. Through Esja and its wholly-owned subsidiary, we are operating a new FlyOver Iceland attraction.

The minority Esja shareholders have the right to sell (or “put”) their Esja shares to us based on a multiple of 5.0x EBITDA as calculated on the trailing 12 months from the most recently completed quarter before the put option exercise. The put option is only exercisable after 36 months of business operation (the “Reference Date”) and if the FlyOver Iceland attraction has earned a minimum of €3.25 million in unadjusted EBITDA during the most recent fiscal year and during the trailing 12-month period prior to exercise (the “Put Option Condition”). The put option is exercisable during a period of 12 months following the Reference Date (the “Option Period”) if the Put Option Condition has been met. If the Put Option Condition has not been met during the first Option Period, the Reference Date will be extended for an additional 12 months up to three times. If after 72 months, the FlyOver Iceland attraction has not achieved the Put Option Condition, the put option expires. If the Put Option Condition is met during any of the Option Periods, yet the shares are not exercised prior to the end of the 12-month Option Period, the put option will expire. 

The noncontrolling interest’s carrying value is determined by the fair value of the noncontrolling interest as of the acquisition date and the noncontrolling interest’s share of the subsequent net income or loss. This value is benchmarked against the redemption value of the sellers’ put option. The carrying value is adjusted to the redemption value, provided that it does not fall below the initial carrying value, as determined by the purchase price allocation. We have made a policy election to reflect any changes caused by such an adjustment to retained earnings, rather than to current earnings.

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Changes in the redeemable noncontrolling interest are as follows:

(in thousands)
Balance at December 31, 2019	$	6,172
Net loss attributable to redeemable noncontrolling interest		(517	)
Adjustment to the redemption value		126
Foreign currency translation adjustment		(873	)
Balance at March 31, 2020	$	4,908

Note 22. Segment Information

We measure the profit and performance of our operations on the basis of segment operating income (loss), which excludes restructuring charges and recoveries and impairment charges. Intersegment sales are eliminated in consolidation and intersegment transfers are not significant. Corporate activities include expenses not allocated to operations. Depreciation and amortization and share-based compensation expense are the only significant non-cash items for the reportable segments.

Our reportable segments, with reconciliations to consolidated totals, are as follows:

	Three Months Ended
	March 31,
(in thousands)	2020			2019
Revenue:
GES:
GES North America	$	251,758		$	223,241
GES EMEA		42,716			54,376
Intersegment eliminations		(1,989	)		(2,690	)
Total GES		292,485			274,927
Pursuit		13,523			10,667
Total revenue	$	306,008		$	285,594
Segment operating income (loss):
GES:
GES North America	$	11,966		$	608
GES EMEA		(1,108	)		1,135
Total GES		10,858			1,743
Pursuit		(20,274	)		(12,995	)
Segment operating loss		(9,416	)		(11,252	)
Corporate eliminations (1)		16			16
Corporate activities		(789	)		(1,833	)
Operating loss		(10,189	)		(13,069	)
Interest income		79			98
Interest expense		(4,018	)		(2,915	)
Other expense		(419	)		(455	)
Restructuring recoveries (charges):
GES North America		79			17
GES EMEA		(735	)		(662	)
Pursuit		(1	)		—
Corporate		(194	)		(43	)
Impairment charges:
GES North America		(57,581	)		—
GES EMEA		(29,042	)		—
Pursuit		(1,757	)		—
Legal settlement:
GES		—			(8,500	)
Loss from continuing operations before income taxes	$	(103,778	)	$	(25,529	)

⁽¹⁾ Corporate eliminations represent the elimination of depreciation expense recorded by Pursuit associated with previously eliminated intercompany profit realized by GES for renovations to Pursuit’s Banff Gondola.

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Note 23. Common and Preferred Stock

Common Stock Repurchases

We previously announced our Board of Directors’ authorization to repurchase shares of our common stock from time to time at prevailing market prices. Effective February 7, 2019, our Board of Directors authorized the repurchase of an additional 500,000 shares.

During the three months ended March 31, 2020, we repurchased 53,784 shares on the open market for $2.8 million. As of March 31, 2020, 546,283 shares remain available for repurchase. NaN shares were purchased on the open market during the three months ended March 31, 2019. Additionally, we repurchase shares related to tax withholding requirements on vested restricted stock awards. Refer to Note 3 – Share-Based Compensation.

In March 2020, our Board of Directors suspended our share repurchase program.

Stockholder Rights Plan

On March 29, 2020, our Board of Directors adopted a short-term stockholder rights plan and declared a dividend payable to stockholders of record on April 13, 2020 of one preferred stock purchase right per each outstanding share of Viad common stock to purchase one one-hundredth of a share of Viad’s Junior Participating Preferred Stock at an exercise price of $115.00. Our Board of Directors will be able to redeem the rights at $0.01 per right at any time before a person or group acquired 10% (20% in the case of a passive institutional investor) or more of the outstanding common stock. The rights expire on February 28, 2021, subject to our right to extend the date, unless we redeem, exchange, or terminate the rights earlier.

Subject to limited exceptions, if a person or group acquires 10% (20% in the case of a passive institutional investor) or more of our common stock (including shares that are synthetically owned pursuant to derivative transactions or ownership of derivative securities) or announces a tender offer, and the consummation of that offer would result in such ownership (we refer to such a person or group as an “acquiring person”), each right will entitle its holder to purchase, at the right’s then-current exercise price, a number of shares of common stock having a market value at that time of twice the right’s exercise price. Rights held by the acquiring person will become void and will not be exercisable. If the Company is acquired in a merger or other business combination transaction that has not been approved by our Board of Directors after the rights become exercisable, each right will entitle its holder to purchase, at the right’s then-current exercise price, a number of shares of the acquiring company’s common stock having a market value at that time of twice the right’s exercise price.

Note 24. Subsequent Events

We completed the following measures to mitigate the negative financial impacts due to COVID-19:

• On April 20, 2020, we suspended our 401(k) Plan employer match contributions.

• In early April 2020, we borrowed $31 million under the 2018 Credit Facility.

• On May 8, 2020, we entered into an amendment to the 2018 Credit Agreement that waived our financial covenants for the quarter ending June 30, 2020. The amendment, among other things, (i) suspended the testing of the interest coverage ratio and the leverage ratio for the fiscal quarter ending June 30, 2020, (ii) added a new minimum liquidity covenant applicable at all times during the period from the effective date of the amendment until the first business day after we deliver quarterly financial statements and the related compliance certificate for the fiscal quarter ending September 30, 2020, and (iii) extended the deadline for delivery of quarterly financial statements for the fiscal quarter ending March 31, 2020 to 75 days after the close of such fiscal quarter. 

• We availed ourselves of governmental assistance programs for wages and tax relief.

• In May 2020, we terminated our legacy life insurance policies on former employees and received the cash proceeds of $24.8 million.

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Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

Forward-Looking Statements

This Form 10-Q contains a number of forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Words, and variations of words, such as “will,” “may,” “expect,” “would,” “could,” “might,” “intend,” “plan,” “believe,” “estimate,” “anticipate,” “deliver,” “seek,” “aim,” “potential,” “target,” “outlook,” and similar expressions are intended to identify our forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements in this Form 10-Q include, among others, statements about our plans, business strategies, initiatives, intentions, goals and the outlook related to the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic, including on the demand for travel, event business and travel experiences, the timing of event and attraction re-openings, financial performance, prospects or future events. There are a number of risks, uncertainties and other important factors, many of which are beyond our control, that could cause our actual results to differ materially from the forward-looking statements contained in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. Such risks, uncertainties and other important factors include, among others: the factors set forth under “Risk Factors” (Part I, Item 1A) and “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” (Part II, Item 7) in our Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”), as may be updated elsewhere in this report; and the information set forth in other Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q and Current Reports on Form 8-K that we have filed or will file with the SEC; the short- and longer-term effects of the COVID-19 pandemic, including on the demand for travel, event business and travel experiences, and levels of consumer confidence; actions that governments, businesses, and individuals take in response to the COVID-19 pandemic or any future resurgence, including limiting or banning travel; the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, and actions taken in response to the COVID-19 pandemic or any future resurgence, on global and regional economies, travel, and economic activity, including the duration and magnitude of its impact on unemployment rates and consumer discretionary spending; the pace of recovery following the COVID-19 pandemic or any future resurgence; COVID-19 may cause us to incur additional expenses. These forward-looking statements are not historical facts and are subject to a host of risks and uncertainties, many of which are beyond our control, which could cause actual results to differ materially from those in the forward-looking statements. We disclaim and do not undertake any obligation to update or revise any forward-looking statement except as required by applicable law or regulation.

The following Management’s Discussion and Analysis (“MD&A”) should be read in conjunction with our 2019 Form 10-K and the condensed consolidated financial statements and related notes included in this Form 10-Q. The MD&A is intended to assist in understanding our financial condition and results of operations.

Overview

We are an international experiential services company with operations in the United States, Canada, the United Kingdom, continental Europe, the United Arab Emirates, and Iceland. We are committed to providing unforgettable experiences to our clients and guests. We operate through three reportable business segments: GES North America, GES EMEA, (collectively, “GES”), and Pursuit.

GES

GES is a global, full-service live events company offering a comprehensive range of services to event organizers and corporate brand marketers. Event organizers schedule and run events from start to finish. Corporate brand marketers include exhibitors and domestic and international corporations that want to promote their brands, services and innovation, feature new products and build business relationships. GES serves corporate brand marketers when they exhibit at shows and when GES is engaged to manage their global exhibit program or produce their proprietary corporate events.

Pursuit

Pursuit is a collection of inspiring and unforgettable travel experiences that include recreational attractions, unique hotels and lodges, food and beverage, retail, sightseeing, and ground transportation services.

Impact of COVID-19 and Going Concern

On March 11, 2020, the World Health Organization declared COVID-19 a “pandemic.” COVID-19 has spread rapidly, with a high concentration of confirmed cases in the U.S. and other countries in which we operate. The rapid spread has resulted in authorities around the world implementing numerous measures to contain the virus, such as travel bans and restrictions, quarantines, shelter-in-place orders, and business shutdowns. The COVID-19 pandemic and these containment measures have had, and are expected to continue to have, a substantial negative impact on businesses around the world and on global, regional, and national economies.

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The COVID-19 pandemic is having and will likely continue to have a significant and negative impact on our operations and financial performance, with live event and tourism activities largely shut down. As a result, we have taken the following measures to improve our liquidity position and mitigate the negative financial impacts due to COVID-19:

• On March 17, 2020, we borrowed $123 million under the 2018 Credit Facility as a proactive measure to increase our cash position and preserve financial flexibility. At the end of March 2020, we repaid $32 million and in early April 2020, we borrowed $31 million under the 2018 Credit Facility;

• We implemented aggressive cost reduction actions, including furloughs, mandatory unpaid time off, or salary reductions for all employees;

• Our executive management voluntarily reduced its base salaries by 20% to 50%;

• The non-employee members of our Board of Directors agreed to reduce their annual cash retainer and committee retainers by 50% for payments typically made to them in the second quarter of 2020;

• We have eliminated all non-essential capital expenditures and discretionary spending;

• In March 2020, our Board of Directors suspended future dividend payments and share repurchases;

• On April 20, 2020, we suspended our 401(k) Plan employer match contributions;

• On May 8, 2020, we obtained a waiver of our financial covenants for the quarter ending June 30, 2020;

• We availed ourselves of governmental assistance programs for wages and tax relief; and

• In May 2020, we terminated our legacy life insurance policies on former employees and received the cash proceeds of $24.8 million.

Although we were in compliance with the financial covenants of our 2018 Credit Agreement as of March 31, 2020, disruptions caused by the COVID-19 pandemic have had and are likely to continue to have a significant and negative impact on our operations and financial performance. In May 2020, we entered into an amendment to our 2018 Credit Agreement, which waived our financial covenants for the quarter ending June 30, 2020 and added a new minimum liquidity requirement. However, we expect to be unable to meet our financial covenants beginning with the quarter ending September 30, 2020, and as a result, the entire $412.6 million balance outstanding under the 2018 Credit Facility as of March 31, 2020 has been classified as a current liability. We are actively negotiating with our lenders to further amend our 2018 Credit Agreement, and we are pursuing options to raise capital and enhance our liquidity position. We cannot provide any assurance regarding the likelihood, certainty, or exact timing of our ability to raise capital or our ability to obtain further amendments to the 2018 Credit Agreement in a timely manner, or on acceptable terms, if at all. If we are unable to raise capital or obtain a waiver to our financial covenants, our lenders may exercise remedies against us, including the acceleration of our outstanding indebtedness. We also expect to be unable to meet our financial covenants under our FlyOver Iceland Credit Facility beginning with the quarter ending September 30, 2020, and as a result, the $5.3 million balance outstanding as of March 31, 2020 has been classified as a current liability. We have concluded that the shut-down of live event and tourism activities resulting in substantial net losses and operating cash outflows and the expected inability to maintain compliance with debt covenants discussed above raise substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern for a period through one year from the issuance of the financial statements. We have prepared the financial statements on a going concern basis, which do not include any adjustments that might result from the outcome of this uncertainty.

Due to the deteriorating macroeconomic environment, disruptions to our operations, and the sustained decline in our stock price caused by COVID-19, we determined an interim triggering event had occurred, which required us to assess the carrying values of goodwill and intangible assets. Based on this assessment, we recorded a non-cash goodwill impairment charge of $72.7 million during the three months ended March 31, 2020 associated with the GES U.S., GES EMEA, and Pursuit’s Glacier Park Collection reporting units. Additionally, during the three months ended March 31, 2020, we recorded a non-cash impairment charge to other intangible assets of $15.7 million related to our U.S. audio-visual production business. The duration and impact of COVID-19 may result in additional future impairment charges as facts and circumstances evolve.

Seasonality

GES’ exhibition and event activity can vary significantly from quarter to quarter and year to year depending on the frequency and timing of shows. Some shows are not held annually, and some shift between quarters. During 2019, GES reported its highest revenue during the second and fourth quarters.

Pursuit experiences peak activity during the summer months. During 2019, 85% of Pursuit’s revenue was earned in the second and third quarters.

As a result of COVID-19 concerns, we began to see event postponements and cancellations at GES, as well as some cancelled bookings at Pursuit. Pursuit’s year-round attractions and lodging properties were closed temporarily starting in mid-March to help reduce the spread of COVID-19. As select areas of the global economy have begun to re-open, we are beginning to restart our business with enhanced health and safety protocols in place. On May 7, 2020, we re-opened Pursuit’s FlyOver Iceland attraction, and

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we have begun and expect to continue to re-open other Pursuit experiences in June 2020 as restrictions are eased. However, exhibition and event activity has yet to resume. For GES, we believe that, as governments lift restrictions, events in certain geographies will start to take place again during the third quarter and we stand ready to reactivate areas of that business when it makes sense to do so. Additionally, in the event of a future resurgence of the virus, we may be required to re-close certain attractions or events based on local or governmental restrictions implemented.

The extent to which COVID-19 will impact our future consolidated results of operations is uncertain. We expect COVID-19 to negatively and materially impact revenue and earnings for the remainder of 2020, with the most significant impact currently expected in the second and third quarters. We will continue to evaluate and implement additional cost-cutting measures as are necessary to mitigate the negative financial and operational impact of COVID-19 on our business. For a discussion of the risks and uncertainties that may affect our business or financial results, refer to “Risk Factors” (Part II, Item 1A of this Form 10-Q).

Results of Operations

Financial Highlights

	Three Months Ended
	March 31,
(in thousands, except per share data)	2020			2019			% Change
Total revenue	$	306,008		$	285,594			7.1	%
Net loss attributable to Viad	$	(86,585	)	$	(17,777	)	**
Segment operating loss (1)	$	(9,416	)	$	(11,252	)		16.3	%
Diluted loss per common share   from continuing operations attributable   to Viad common stockholders	$	(4.27	)	$	(0.88	)	**

** Change is greater than +/- 100%

• Total revenue increased $20.4 million or 7.1%, primarily due to positive show rotation of approximately $57 million and incremental revenue from Pursuit’s Mountain Park Lodges acquisition, offset in part by show postponements at GES due to the COVID-19 pandemic and an unfavorable foreign exchange impact of $1.1 million.

• Net loss attributable to Viad increased $68.8 million, primarily due to impairment charges of $88.4 million, offset in part by a higher income tax benefit and lower performance-based compensation expense as we reduced our estimated performance achievement to zero as a result of COVID-19.

• Total segment operating loss⁽¹⁾ decreased $1.8 million, primarily due to higher revenue at GES and the elimination of performance-based incentives, offset in part by increased seasonal operating losses at Pursuit driven primarily by our June 2019 Mountain Park Lodges acquisition and the opening of FlyOver Iceland.

⁽¹⁾ Refer to Note 22 – Segment Information of the Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for a reconciliation of the non-GAAP financial measure, segment operating loss, to the most directly comparable GAAP measure.

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Foreign Exchange Rate Variances

We conduct our foreign operations primarily in Canada, the United Kingdom, the Netherlands, Germany, and to a lesser extent, in certain other countries.

The following table summarizes the foreign exchange rate variance effects (or “FX Impact”) on revenue and segment operating income (loss) from our significant international operations for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019:

	Revenue							Segment Operating Income (Loss)
	Weighted-Average Exchange Rates				FX Impact			Weighted-Average Exchange Rates				FX Impact
	2020		2019		(in thousands)			2020		2019		(in thousands)
GES North America:
Canada (CAD)	$	0.73	$	0.75	$	(334	)	$	0.73	$	0.75	$	(80	)
GES EMEA:
United Kingdom (GBP)	$	1.28	$	1.31	$	(507	)	$	1.28	$	1.30	$	(46	)
Europe (EUR)	$	1.10	$	1.13		(181	)	$	1.10	$	1.14		5
						(688	)						(41	)
Pursuit:
Canada (CAD)	$	0.75	$	0.75		(38	)	$	0.74	$	0.75		92
					$	(1,060	)					$	(29	)

Revenue and segment operating income (loss) were primarily impacted by variances of the British pound, the Canadian dollar, and the Euro relative to the U.S. dollar. Future changes in exchange rates may impact overall expected profitability and historical period-to-period comparisons when revenue and segment operating income (loss) are translated into U.S. dollars.

Analysis of Revenue and Operating Results by Reportable Segment

GES

The following table presents a comparison of GES’ reported revenue and segment operating income (loss) to organic revenue⁽¹⁾ and organic segment operating income (loss)⁽¹⁾ for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019.

	Three Months Ended											Three Months Ended
	March 31, 2020											March 31, 2019								Change vs. 2019
(in thousands)	As Reported			Acquisitions		FX Impact			Organic(1)			As Reported			Acquisitions		Organic(1)			As Reported			Organic(1)
Revenue:
GES:
North America	$	251,758		$	—	$	(334	)	$	252,092		$	223,241		$	—	$	223,241			12.8	%		12.9	%
EMEA		42,716			—		(688	)		43,404			54,376			—		54,376			(21.4	)%		(20.2	)%
Intersegment eliminations		(1,989	)		—		—			(1,989	)		(2,690	)		—		(2,690	)		26.1	%		26.1	%
Total GES	$	292,485		$	—	$	(1,022	)	$	293,507		$	274,927		$	—	$	274,927			6.4	%		6.8	%
Segment operating income (loss)(2):
GES:
North America	$	11,966		$	—	$	(80	)	$	12,046		$	608		$	—	$	608		**			**
EMEA		(1,108	)		—		(41	)		(1,067	)		1,135			—		1,135		**			**
Total GES	$	10,858		$	—	$	(121	)	$	10,979		$	1,743		$	—	$	1,743		**			**

** Change is greater than +/- 100%

⁽¹⁾ Organic revenue and organic segment operating income (loss) are non-GAAP financial measures that adjust for the impacts of exchange rate variances and acquisitions, if any, until such acquisitions are included in the entirety of both comparable periods presented. For more information about organic revenue and organic segment operating income (loss), see the “Non-GAAP Measures” section of this MD&A.

⁽²⁾ Refer to Note 22 – Segment Information of the Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for a reconciliation of the non-GAAP financial measure, segment operating income (loss), to the most directly comparable GAAP measure.

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GES North America

GES North America revenue increased $28.5 million or 12.8%, primarily due to positive show rotation of approximately $61 million, offset in part by U.S. base same-show revenue decrease of 3.6% and an unfavorable FX Impact of $0.3 million. Base same-show revenue represented 26.1% of GES North America’s organic revenue during the three months ended March 31, 2020. Organic revenue* increased $28.9 million or 12.9%.

GES North America segment operating income increased $11.4 million, primarily due to the increase in revenue and the elimination of performance-based incentives. Organic segment operating income* increased $11.4 million.

GES EMEA

GES EMEA revenue decreased $11.7 million or 21.4%, primarily due to negative show rotation of approximately $5 million and an unfavorable FX Impact of $0.7 million. Organic revenue* decreased $11.0 million or 20.2%.

GES EMEA segment operating loss increased $2.2 million, primarily due to the decrease in revenue. Organic segment operating loss* increased $2.2 million.

* Refer to footnote (1) in the above table for more information about the non-GAAP financial measures of organic revenue and organic segment operating income (loss).

Pursuit

The following table presents a comparison of Pursuit’s reported revenue and segment operating loss to organic revenue⁽³⁾ and organic segment operating loss⁽³⁾ for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019.

	Three Months Ended												Three Months Ended
	March 31, 2020												March 31, 2019								Change vs. 2019
(in thousands)	As Reported			Acquisitions(2)			FX Impact			Organic(3)			As Reported			Acquisitions		Organic(3)			As Reported			Organic(3)
Revenue(1):
Pursuit:
Attractions	$	5,278		$	—		$	(14	)	$	5,292		$	4,668		$	—	$	4,668			13.1	%		13.4	%
Hospitality		5,981			2,940			(11	)		3,052			3,664			—		3,664			63.2	%		(16.7	)%
Transportation		2,146			—			(12	)		2,158			2,150			—		2,150			(0.2	)%		0.4	%
Travel Planning		199			—			(2	)		201			447			—		447			(55.5	)%		(55.0	)%
Intra-Segment Eliminations & Other		(81	)		—			1			(82	)		(262	)		—		(262	)		69.1	%		68.7	%
Total Pursuit	$	13,523		$	2,940		$	(38	)	$	10,621		$	10,667		$	—	$	10,667			26.8	%		(0.4	)%
Segment operating loss(4):
Total Pursuit	$	(20,274	)	$	(2,467	)	$	92		$	(17,899	)	$	(12,995	)	$	—	$	(12,995	)		(56.0	)%		(37.7	)%

⁽¹⁾ Revenue by line of business does not agree to Note 2 – Revenue and Related Contract Costs and Contract Liabilities in the Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Part I, Item 1 of this Form 10-Q) as the amounts in the above table include product revenue from food and beverage and retail operations within each line of business.

⁽²⁾ Acquisitions include Mountain Park Lodges (acquired June 2019) and Belton Chalet (acquired May 2019).

⁽³⁾ Organic revenue and organic segment operating loss are non-GAAP financial measures that adjust for the impacts of exchange rate variances and acquisitions, if any, until such acquisitions are included in the entirety of both comparable periods presented. For more information about organic revenue and organic segment operating loss, see the “Non-GAAP Measures” section of this MD&A.

⁽⁴⁾ Refer to Note 22 – Segment Information of the Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for a reconciliation of the non-GAAP financial measure, segment operating loss, to the most directly comparable GAAP measure.

Pursuit revenue increased $2.9 million or 26.8%, primarily due to incremental revenue from the Mountain Park Lodges acquisition of $2.9 million. Organic revenue* was flat compared to the three months ended March 31, 2019.

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Pursuit segment operating loss increased $7.3 million or 56.0%, due to increased seasonal operating losses driven primarily by the June 2019 Mountain Park Lodges acquisition, the opening of FlyOver Iceland, and increased depreciation and amortization expense. Organic segment operating loss* increased $4.9 million or 37.7%.

* Refer to footnote (3) in the above table for more information about the non-GAAP financial measures of organic revenue and organic segment operating loss.

Performance Measures

We use the following key business metrics to evaluate the performance of Pursuit’s attractions business:

• Number of visitors. The number of visitors allows us to assess the volume of tickets sold at each attraction during the period.

• Revenue per attraction visitor. Revenue per attraction visitor is calculated as total attractions revenue divided by the total number of visitors at all Pursuit attractions during the period. Total attractions revenue includes ticket sales and ancillary revenue generated by attractions, such as food and beverage and retail revenue. Total attractions revenue per visitor measures the total spend per visitor that attraction properties are able to capture, which is important to the profitability of the attractions business.

• Effective ticket price. Effective ticket price is calculated as revenue from the sale of attraction tickets divided by the total number of visitors at all comparable Pursuit attractions during the period.

We use the following key business metrics, common in the hospitality industry, to evaluate Pursuit’s hospitality business:

• Revenue per Available Room. RevPAR is calculated as total rooms revenue divided by the total number of room nights available for all comparable Pursuit hospitality properties during the period. Total rooms revenue does not include non-rooms revenue, which consists of ancillary revenue generated by hospitality properties, such as food and beverage and retail revenue. RevPAR measures the period-over-period change in rooms revenue per available room for comparable hospitality properties. RevPAR is affected by average daily rate and occupancy, which have different implications on profitability.

• Average Daily Rate. ADR is calculated as total rooms revenue divided by the total number of room nights sold for all comparable Pursuit hospitality properties during the period. ADR is used to assess the pricing levels that the hospitality properties are able to realize. Increases in ADR lead to increases in rooms revenue with no substantial effect on variable costs, therefore having a greater impact on margins than increases in occupancy.

• Occupancy. Occupancy is calculated as the total number of room nights sold divided by the total number of room nights available for all comparable Pursuit hospitality properties during the period. Occupancy measures the utilization of the available capacity at the hospitality properties. Increases in occupancy result in increases in rooms revenue and additional variable operating costs (including housekeeping services, utilities, and room amenity costs), as well as increases in ancillary non-rooms revenue (including food and beverage and retail revenue).

The following table provides Pursuit’s same-store key performance indicators. The same-store metrics indicate the performance of all Pursuit’s properties and attractions that we owned and operated at full capacity, considering seasonal closures, for the entirety of both periods presented. For Pursuit properties and attractions located outside of the U.S., comparisons to the prior year are on a constant U.S. dollar basis, using the current year quarterly average exchange rates for previous periods, to eliminate the FX Impact. We believe this same-store constant currency basis provides better comparability between reporting periods.

	Three Months Ended
	March 31,
	2020			2019			Change vs. 2019
Same-Store Key Performance Indicators (1)
Attractions:
Number of visitors		106,422			151,166			(29.6	)%
Revenue per attraction visitor	$	33		$	31			6.5	%
Effective ticket price	$	24		$	23			4.3	%
Hospitality:
Room nights available		35,765			39,780			(10.1	)%
RevPAR	$	56		$	57			(1.8	)%
ADR	$	101		$	107			(5.6	)%
Occupancy		55.6	%		53.2	%		2.4	%

⁽¹⁾ Same-Store Key Performance Indicators for attractions exclude FlyOver Iceland (opened August 2019). Same-Store Key Performance Indicators for hospitality excludes the Mountain Park Lodges (acquired in June 2019).

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For the health and well-being of our employees, guests, and community, Pursuit’s year-round attractions and lodging properties were closed temporarily starting in mid-March to help reduce the spread of COVID-19. All other lodging properties were seasonally closed during the first quarter. In order to mitigate the negative financial and operational impacts, we have eliminated all non-essential capital expenditures. This has resulted in the delay of the opening of FlyOver Canada Toronto, which is now anticipated to open in 2023. FlyOver Las Vegas and the Sky Lagoon are still on track to open in 2021.

Attractions. The decrease in same-store visitors was driven by the closure of our attractions in March 2020 as a result of COVID-19. Revenue per attraction visitor increased primarily due to higher effective ticket prices and ancillary revenue driven at our recently refreshed experiences and dynamic pricing.

Hospitality. The decrease in RevPAR and ADR was driven by the closure of our hospitality assets in March 2020 as a result of COVID-19.

During 2019, Pursuit derived approximately 66% of its revenue and 88% of its segment operating income from its Canadian operations, which are largely dependent on foreign customer visitation. Accordingly, the reopening of borders and the strengthening or weakening of the Canadian dollar, relative to other currencies, could affect customer volumes and the results of operations.

Other Expenses

	Three Months Ended
	March 31,
(in thousands)	2020			2019			Change vs. 2019
Corporate activities	$	789		$	1,833			(57.0	)%
Interest expense	$	4,018		$	2,915			37.8	%
Restructuring charges	$	851		$	688			23.7	%
Legal settlement	$	—		$	8,500			(100.0	)%
Impairment charges	$	88,380		$	—		**
Income tax benefit	$	(15,797	)	$	(7,595	)	**
Loss from discontinued operations	$	(454	)	$	(287	)		(58.2	)%

** Change is greater than +/- 100%

Corporate Activities – The decrease in corporate activities expense during the three months ended March 31, 2020 relative to 2019 was primarily due to lower performance-based compensation expense as we reduced our estimated performance achievement to zero as a result of COVID-19.

Interest Expense – The increase in interest expense was primarily due to higher debt balances in 2020.

Restructuring Charges – Restructuring charges during the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019 were primarily related to the elimination of certain positions at GES.

Legal Settlement – During the three months ended March 31, 2019, we recorded a charge to resolve a legal dispute at GES involving a former industry contractor.

Impairment Charges – During the three months ended March 31, 2020, we performed an interim evaluation of goodwill as of March 31, 2020. As a result, we recorded a non-cash goodwill impairment charge of $72.7 million associated with GES U.S., GES EMEA, and Pursuit’s Glacier Park Collection reporting units. Additionally, during the three months ended March 31, 2020, we recorded a non-cash impairment charge to other intangible assets of $15.7 million related to our U.S. audio-visual production business.

Income Tax Benefit – Our effective income tax rate for the three months ended March 31, 2020 was 15.2%, as compared to 29.8% for the three months ended March 31, 2019. The decrease in the effective rate was primarily due to no tax benefit recognized on some of the impairments recorded on goodwill.

Loss from Discontinued Operations – Loss from discontinued operations during the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019 was primarily related to legal expenses related to previously sold operations.

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Liquidity and Capital Resources

On March 17, 2020, we borrowed $123 million under the 2018 Credit Facility, and at the end of March 2020 we repaid $32 million. Cash and cash equivalents were $130.5 million as of March 31, 2020, as compared to $62.0 million as of December 31, 2019. In early April 2020, we borrowed $31 million under the 2018 Credit Facility. As of May 31, 2020, we had $165 million of cash and cash equivalents. During the three months ended March 31, 2020, we used net cash in operating activities of $4.7 million. In May 2020, we terminated our legacy life insurance policies on former employees and received $24.8 million.

Although we were in compliance with the financial covenants of our 2018 Credit Agreement as of March 31, 2020, disruptions caused by the COVID-19 pandemic have had and are likely to continue to have a significant and negative impact on our operations and financial performance. In May 2020, we entered into an amendment to our 2018 Credit Agreement, which waived our financial covenants for the quarter ending June 30, 2020 and added a new minimum liquidity requirement. However, we expect to be unable to meet our financial covenants beginning with the quarter ending September 30, 2020, and as a result, the entire $412.6 million balance outstanding under the 2018 Credit Facility as of March 31, 2020 has been classified as a current liability. We are actively negotiating with our lenders to further amend our 2018 Credit Agreement, and we are pursuing options to raise capital and enhance our liquidity position. We cannot provide any assurance regarding the likelihood, certainty, or exact timing of our ability to raise capital or our ability to obtain further amendments to the 2018 Credit Agreement in a timely manner, or on acceptable terms, if at all. If we are unable to raise capital or obtain a waiver to our financial covenants, our lenders may exercise remedies against us, including the acceleration of our outstanding indebtedness. We also expect to be unable to meet our financial covenants under our FlyOver Iceland Credit Facility beginning with the quarter ending September 30, 2020, and as a result, the $5.3 million balance outstanding as of March 31, 2020 has been classified as a current liability. We have concluded that the shut-down of live event and tourism activities resulting in substantial net losses and operating cash outflows and the expected inability to maintain compliance with debt covenants discussed above raise substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern for a period through one year from the issuance of the financial statements. We have prepared the financial statements on a going concern basis, which do not include any adjustments that might result from the outcome of this uncertainty.

As of March 31, 2020, we held approximately $36.3 million of our cash and cash equivalents outside of the United States, consisting of $10.3 million in Canada, $8.8 million in the Netherlands, $8.4 million in the United Arab Emirates, $6.1 million in the United Kingdom, and $2.7 million in certain other countries.

Cash Flows

Operating Activities

	Three Months Ended
	March 31,
(in thousands)	2020			2019
Net loss	$	(88,435	)	$	(18,221	)
Depreciation and amortization		15,285			13,188
Deferred income taxes		(15,799	)		(9,098	)
Loss from discontinued operations		454			287
Restructuring charges		851			688
Legal settlement		—			8,500
Impairment charges		88,380			—
Other non-cash items		7,112			2,696
Changes in assets and liabilities		(12,567	)		9,980
Net cash (used in) provided by operating activities	$	(4,719	)	$	8,020

The main factor driving the increase in cash used in operating activities of $12.7 million was due to unfavorable changes in working capital.

Investing Activities

	Three Months Ended
	March 31,
(in thousands)	2020			2019
Capital expenditures	$	(23,246	)	$	(19,543	)
Proceeds from dispositions of property and other assets		85			611
Net cash used in investing activities	$	(23,161	)	$	(18,932	)

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Net cash used in investing activities increased $4.2 million primarily due to the increase in capital expenditures in 2020.

Financing Activities

	Three Months Ended
	March 31,
(in thousands)	2020			2019
Proceeds from borrowings	$	160,755		$	28,347
Payments on debt and finance lease obligations		(56,077	)		(14,376	)
Dividends paid on common stock		(2,038	)		(2,028	)
Distributions to noncontrolling interest		(1,526	)		—
Payment of payroll taxes on stock-based compensation through shares withheld or repurchased		(1,059	)		(2,905	)
Common stock purchased for treasury		(2,785	)		—
Proceeds from exercise of stock options		2,077			—
Net cash provided by financing activities	$	99,347		$	9,038

Cash provided by financing activities increased $90.3 million primarily due to the borrowings under the 2018 Credit Facility as a proactive measure to increase our cash position and preserve financial flexibility in light of current uncertainty in the global markets resulting from COVID-19, offset in part by the repurchase of treasury shares on the open market in 2020.

Debt and Finance Lease Obligations

Refer to Note 12 – Debt and Finance Lease Obligations of the Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for further discussion, all of which is incorporated by reference herein.

Share Repurchases

Our Board of Directors previously authorized us to repurchase shares of our common stock from time to time at prevailing market prices. Effective February 7, 2019, our Board of Directors authorized the repurchase of an additional 500,000 shares. During the three months ended March 31, 2020, we repurchased 53,784 shares on the open market for $2.8 million. No shares were repurchased on the open market during the three months ended March 31, 2019. As of March 31, 2020, 546,283 shares remained available for repurchase. The Board of Directors’ authorization does not have an expiration date.

Additionally, we repurchased shares related to tax withholding requirements on vested restricted share-based awards.

In March 2020, our Board of Directors suspended our share repurchase program.

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

We have not entered into any off-balance sheet arrangements with unconsolidated special-purpose or other entities that would materially affect our financial position, results of operations, liquidity, or capital resources. Furthermore, we do not have any relationships with special-purpose or other entities that provide off-balance sheet financing; liquidity, market risk, or credit risk support; or engage in leasing or other services that may expose us to liability or risks of loss that are not reflected in the condensed consolidated financial statements and related notes. Refer to Note 12 – Debt and Finance Lease Obligations, Note 19 – Leases and Other, and Note 20 – Litigation, Claims, Contingencies, and Other of the Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Part I, Item 1 of this quarterly report on Form 10-Q) for further information, which information is incorporated by reference herein.

Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

Refer to “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” (Part II, Item 7) of our 2019 Form 10-K, for a discussion of our critical accounting policies and estimates.

Impact of Recent Accounting Pronouncements

Refer to Note 1 – Overview and Basis of Presentation of the Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for further information.

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Non-GAAP Measures

In addition to disclosing financial results that are determined in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”), we also disclose the following non-GAAP financial measures: Segment operating income (loss), organic revenue, and organic segment operating income (loss) (collectively, the “Non-GAAP Measures”). Our use of Non-GAAP Measures is supplemental to, but not as a substitute for, other measures of financial performance reported in accordance with GAAP. As not all companies use identical calculations, our Non-GAAP Measures may not be comparable to similarly titled measures used by other companies. We believe that our use of Non-GAAP Measures provides useful information to investors regarding our results of operations for trending, analyzing, and benchmarking our performance and the value of our business.

• “Segment operating income (loss)” is net loss attributable to Viad before loss from discontinued operations, corporate activities, interest expense and interest income, income taxes, restructuring charges, impairment charges, and the reduction for income attributable to noncontrolling interest. Segment operating income (loss) is used to measure the profit and performance of our operating segments to facilitate period-to-period comparisons. Refer to Note 22 – Segment Information of the Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for a reconciliation of segment operating income (loss) to loss from continuing operations before income taxes.

• “Organic revenue” and “organic segment operating income (loss)” are revenue and segment operating income (loss) (as defined above), respectively, without the impact of exchange rate variances and acquisitions, if any, until such acquisitions are included in the entirety of both comparable periods. The impact of exchange rate variances is calculated as the difference between current period activity translated at the current period’s exchange rates and the comparable prior period’s exchange rates. We believe the presentation of “organic” results permits investors to better understand our performance without the effects of exchange rate variances or acquisitions and to facilitate period-to-period comparisons and analysis of our operating performance. Refer to the “Results of Operations” section of this MD&A for reconciliations of organic revenue and organic segment operating income (loss) to the most directly comparable GAAP measures.

We believe non-GAAP Measures are useful operating metrics as they eliminate potential variations arising from taxes, debt service costs, impairment charges, and the effects of discontinued operations, resulting in additional measures considered to be indicative of our ongoing operations and segment performance. Although we use Non-GAAP Measures to assess the performance of our business, the use of these measures is limited because these measures do not consider material costs, expenses, and other items necessary to operate our business. These items include debt service costs, expenses related to U.S. federal, state, local and foreign income taxes, impairment charges, and the effects of discontinued operations. As the Non-GAAP Measures do not consider these items, you should consider net income attributable to Viad as an important measure of financial performance because it provides a more complete measure of our performance.

Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

Our market risk exposure relates to fluctuations in foreign exchange rates and interest rates. Foreign exchange risk is the risk that fluctuating exchange rates will adversely affect our financial condition or results of operations. Interest rate risk is the risk that changing interest rates will adversely affect our financial position or results of operations.

Our foreign operations are primarily in Canada, the United Kingdom, Iceland, the Netherlands, and Germany. The functional currency of our foreign subsidiaries is their local currency. Accordingly, for purposes of consolidation, we translate the assets and liabilities of our foreign subsidiaries into U.S. dollars at the foreign exchange rates in effect at the balance sheet date. The unrealized gains or losses resulting from the translation of these foreign denominated assets and liabilities are included as a component of accumulated other comprehensive loss in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. As a result, significant fluctuations in foreign exchange rates relative to the U.S. dollar may result in material changes to our net equity position reported in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. We do not currently hedge our equity risk arising from the translation of foreign denominated assets and liabilities. We recorded cumulative unrealized foreign currency translation losses in stockholders’ equity of $52.0 million as of March 31, 2020 and $23.8 million as of December 31, 2019. We recorded unrealized foreign currency translation losses in other comprehensive income of $28.2 million during the three months ended March 31, 2020 and unrealized foreign currency translation gains of $4.8 million during the three months ended March 31, 2019.

For purposes of consolidation, revenue, expenses, gains, and losses related to our foreign operations are translated into U.S. dollars at the average foreign exchange rates for the period. As a result, our consolidated results of operations are exposed to fluctuations in foreign exchange rates as revenue and segment operating income (loss) of our foreign operations, when translated, may vary from period to period, even when the functional currency amounts have not changed. Such fluctuations may adversely impact overall expected profitability and historical period-to-period comparisons. We do not currently hedge our net earnings exposure arising from the translation of our foreign revenue and segment operating income (loss). Refer to “Foreign Exchange Rate Variances” section of this MD&A.

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We are exposed to foreign exchange transaction risk, as our foreign subsidiaries have certain revenue transactions denominated in currencies other than the functional currency of the respective subsidiary. From time to time, we utilize forward contracts to mitigate the impact on earnings related to these transactions due to fluctuations in foreign exchange rates. As of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, we did not have any outstanding foreign currency forward contracts.

We are exposed to short-term and long-term interest rate risk on certain of our debt obligations. We do not currently use derivative financial instruments to hedge cash flows for such obligations.

Item 4. Controls and Procedures

We have established disclosure controls and procedures that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in our reports filed or submitted under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”) is recorded, processed, summarized, and reported within the time periods specified in SEC rules and forms, and such information is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our Chief Executive Officer (“CEO”) and Chief Financial Officer (“CFO”), as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. Management, together with our CEO and CFO, evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures as of March 31, 2020. Based on this evaluation, the CEO and CFO concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of March 31, 2020.

There were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting during the three months ended March 31, 2020 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

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PART II - OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1. Legal Proceedings

Refer to Note 20 – Litigation, Claims, Contingencies, and Other of the Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Part I, Item 1 of this Form 10-Q) for information regarding our legal proceedings that is incorporated by reference herein.

Item 1A. Risk Factors

Our operations and financial results are subject to known and unknown risks. As a result, past financial performance and historical trends may not be reliable indicators of our future performance.

The recent COVID-19 pandemic and related responsive actions have, and may continue to, adversely affect our financial condition, liquidity, and cash flow. The spread of COVID-19 and related government and private sector responsive actions, including social distancing, stay-at-home orders, and actions we have taken to help stem the spread of the virus, forced the cancellation of many of our live events and the closure of substantially all of our attractions, hotels, and other operations, which has had an adverse effect on our financial condition, liquidity, and cash flow. A prolonged disruption could have a long-term material impact on our financial condition, liquidity, and cash flow. We are considering options to raise additional capital to enhance our liquidity position. This financing may not be available to us or may only be available on unattractive terms that could significantly increase our interest costs, dilute our shareholders, and significantly limit how we conduct business, including our ability to complete capital projects that are currently in development. In addition, our Credit Facility includes financial covenants requiring us to comply with minimum liquidity requirements and maximum total leverage and minimum interest coverage ratios. In May 2020, we entered into an amendment to our 2018 Credit Agreement, which waived our financial covenants for the quarter ending June 30, 2020; however, we expect to be unable to meet our financial covenants beginning with the quarter ending September 30, 2020. We are negotiating with our lenders to obtain relief beyond the second quarter of 2020 under these ratios and other covenants in our Credit Facility. Any relief that we obtain is expected to increase our interest costs and limit how we conduct business, including prohibiting certain payments to our shareholders. If we are unable to raise capital or obtain a waiver to our financial covenants, our lenders may exercise remedies against us, including the acceleration of our outstanding indebtedness. We have concluded that the shut-down of live event and tourism activities resulting in substantial net losses and operating cash outflows and the expected inability to maintain compliance with debt covenants discussed above raise substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern for a period through one year from the issuance of the financial statements. We have prepared the financial statements on a going concern basis, which do not include any adjustments that might result from the outcome of this uncertainty.

We cannot predict the extent to which the COVID-19 pandemic will affect our ongoing business, results of operations, and financial condition, or the duration of those effects. The COVID-19 pandemic forced the cancellation of many of our events and the closure of substantially all of our attractions, hotels, and other operations. The substantial reduction in our operations will result in near-term losses and negative cash flow from operations. The full impact of the pandemic on our longer-term operational and financial performance is highly uncertain and will depend on future developments that we cannot predict, including the duration and spread of the pandemic, any future resurgence of COVID-19, and related social-distancing orders, travel restrictions, and/or government limitations on group gatherings. Our GES business depends on exhibitions, conferences, and other live events and the size of marketing expenditures relating to those events. The continuation of government orders prohibiting large group gatherings will continue to significantly and adversely affect our revenue and results of operations. Even if exhibitions or other live events do occur, we also could suffer from reduced spending for our services because many exhibitors’ marketing budgets are partly discretionary and are frequently among the first expenditures reduced when economic conditions deteriorate, and people may be unwilling to attend large group events. In addition, many of the attractions and hospitality operations within our Pursuit business are currently subject to government closure orders designed to limit the spread of COVID-19, which adversely affects our profitability and cash flow. Future revenue from our Pursuit operations will depend on our ability to reopen our operations, the willingness of people to travel to our locations, and the amount of disposable income that consumers have available for travel and vacations, which decreases during periods of weak general economic conditions. Both our GES and Pursuit businesses may also experience increased costs in order to supply our customers or guests with personal protection equipment, conduct comprehensive cleaning regiments, and other measures that we determine are in the best interests of our employees, customers, guests, and/or event participants. As a result, any continuation in the closure of our operations or further deterioration in general economic conditions would materially and further adversely affect our business, financial condition, and results of operations.

Completed acquisitions may not perform as anticipated or be integrated as planned. We regularly evaluate and pursue opportunities to acquire businesses that complement, enhance, or expand our current business, or offer growth opportunities. Our acquired businesses might not meet our financial and non-financial expectations or yield anticipated benefits. Our success depends, in part, on our ability to conform controls, policies and procedures, and business cultures; consolidate and streamline operations and infrastructures; identify and eliminate redundant and underperforming operations and assets; manage inefficiencies associated with the integration of operations; and retain the acquired business’s key personnel and customers. Moreover, our acquisition activity may

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subject us to new regulatory requirements, distract our senior management and employees, and expose us to unknown liabilities or contingencies that we may fail to identify prior to closing. If we are forced to make changes to our business strategy or if external conditions adversely affect our business operations, including the duration and impact of COVID-19, we may be required to record additional future impairment charges, as we did in the first quarter of 2020. Additionally, we may borrow funds to finance strategic acquisitions. Debt leverage resulting from future acquisitions would reduce our debt capacity, increase our interest expense, and limit our ability to capitalize on future business opportunities. Such borrowings may also be subject to fluctuations in interest rates. Any of these risks could materially and adversely affect our business, product and service sales, financial condition, and results of operations.

We are vulnerable to deterioration in general economic conditions. Our business is sensitive to fluctuations in general economic conditions in the U.S. and other global markets in which we operate. The recent decline in global and regional economic conditions, and consumers’ fears that economic conditions will further decline, has caused declining consumer confidence, unemployment, fluctuations in stock markets and interest rates, contraction of credit availability, and other dynamic factors affecting economic conditions generally. The success of our GES business largely depends on the number of exhibitions held, the size of exhibitors’ marketing expenditures, and on the strength of particular industries in which exhibitors operate. The number and size of exhibitions generally decrease when the economy weakens, which our business has experienced due to the COVID-19 pandemic. We also could suffer from reduced spending for our services because many exhibitors’ marketing budgets are partly discretionary and are frequently among the first expenditures reduced when economic conditions deteriorate. In addition, revenue from our Pursuit operations depends largely on the amount of disposable income that consumers have available for travel and vacations, which decreases during periods of weak general economic conditions. As a result, any deterioration in general economic conditions could further materially and adversely affect our business, product sales, financial condition, and results of operations.

We depend on our large exhibition event clients to renew their service contracts and on our exclusive right to provide those services. GES has a number of large exhibition event organizers and large customer accounts. If any of these large clients do not renew their service contracts, our results of operations could be materially and adversely affected.

Moreover, when event organizers hire GES as the official services contractor, they usually also grant GES an exclusive right to perform material handling, electrical, rigging, and other services at the exhibition facility. However, some exhibition facilities have taken certain steps to in-source certain event services (either by performing the services themselves or by hiring a separate service provider) as a result of conditions generally affecting their industry, such as an increased supply of exhibition space. If exhibition facilities choose to in-source certain event services, GES will lose the ability to provide certain event services, and our results of operations could be materially and adversely affected.

Our business is relationship driven. Our GES business is heavily focused on client relationships, and, specifically, on having close collaboration and interaction with our clients. To be successful, our account teams must be able to understand clients’ desires and expectations in order to provide top-quality service. If we are unable to maintain our client relationships, including due to the loss of key members of our account teams, we could also lose customers and our results of operations could be materially and adversely affected.

We operate in highly competitive and dynamic industries. Competition in the Live Events markets is driven by price and service quality, among other factors. To the extent competitors seek to gain or retain market presence through aggressive underpricing strategies, we may be required to lower our prices and rates to avoid the loss of related business. Moreover, customer consolidations and other actions have caused downward pricing pressure for our products and services and could affect our ability to negotiate favorable terms with our customers. If we are unable to anticipate and respond as effectively as our competitors to changing business conditions, including new technologies and business models, we could lose market share. Our inability to meet the challenges presented by the competitive and dynamic environment of our industry could materially and adversely affect our results of operations.

Travel industry disruptions, particularly those affecting the hotel and airline industries, could adversely affect our business. Our business depends largely on the ability and willingness of people, whether exhibitors, exhibition attendees, tourists, or others, to travel. Factors adversely affecting the travel industry, and particularly the airline and hotel industries, generally also adversely affect our business and results of operations. Factors that could adversely affect the travel industry include high or rising fuel prices, increased security and passport requirements, weather conditions, health epidemics and pandemics, airline accidents, acts of terrorism, and international political instability and hostilities. For example, the recent COVID-19 pandemic and social distancing orders resulted in severe global travel restrictions, mandatory shutdowns of show and event venues, hotels, attractions and other operations and limitations on large gatherings of people. These circumstances had severe effects on our businesses. The occurrence of additional disruptions, a prolonged recovery from the COVID-19 pandemic or a spike or resurgence in cases of COVID-19, or other unexpected events that affect the availability and pricing of air travel and accommodations, could further materially and adversely affect our business and results of operations.

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New capital projects may not be commercially successful. From time to time, we pursue capital projects, such as our current construction of FlyOver Las Vegas, FlyOver Canada Toronto, the Sky Lagoon, and other efforts to upgrade some of our Pursuit offerings, in order to enhance and expand our business. Capital projects are subject to a number of risks, including unanticipated delays, cost overruns, and the failure to achieve established financial and strategic goals, as well as additional project-specific risks. A prolonged delay in these capital projects could prevent them from performing in accordance with our commercial expectations and could materially and adversely affect our future success, business, and results of operations.

The seasonality of our business makes us particularly sensitive to adverse events during peak periods. The peak activity for our Pursuit business is during the summer months, as 85% of Pursuit’s 2019 revenue was earned in the second and third quarters. Our GES exhibition and event activity varies significantly because it is based on the frequency and timing of shows, many of which are not held each year, and which may shift between quarters. If adverse events or conditions occur during these peak periods, our results of operations could be materially and adversely affected.

Transportation disruptions and increases in transportation costs could adversely affect our business and results of operations. GES relies on independent transportation carriers to send materials and exhibits to and from exhibition, warehouse, and customer facilities. If our customers and suppliers are unable to secure the services of those independent transportation carriers at favorable rates, it could materially and adversely affect our business and results of operations. In addition, disruption of transportation services due to weather-related problems, labor strikes, lockouts, or other events could adversely affect our ability to supply services to customers and could cause the cancellation of exhibitions, which could materially and adversely affect our business and results of operations.

Natural disasters, weather conditions, and other catastrophic events could negatively affect our business. The occurrence of catastrophic events ranging from natural disasters (such as hurricanes, fires, floods, and earthquakes), acts of war or terrorism, accidents involving our travel offerings or experiences, the effects of climate change, including any impact of global warming, or the prospect of these events could disrupt our business. Changes in climates may increase the frequency and intensity of adverse weather patterns and make certain destinations less desirable. Such catastrophic events have, and could have, an adverse impact on Pursuit, which is heavily dependent on the ability and willingness of its guests to travel and/or visit our attractions. Pursuit guests tend to delay or postpone vacations if natural conditions differ from those that typically prevail at competing lodges, resorts, and attractions, and catastrophic events and heightened travel security measures instituted in response to such events could impede the guests’ ability to travel, and interrupt our business operations, including damaging our properties. Such catastrophic events could also have a negative impact on GES, causing a cancellation of exhibitions and other events held in public venues or disrupt the services we provide to our customers at convention centers, exhibition halls, hotels, and other public venues. Such events could also have a negative impact on GES’ production facilities, preventing us from timely completing exhibit fabrication and other projects for customers. In addition, unfavorable media attention, or negative publicity, in the wake of a catastrophic event could damage our reputation or reduce the demand for our services. If the conditions arising from such events persist or worsen, they could materially and adversely affect our results of operations and financial condition.

Our participation in multi-employer pension plans could substantially increase our pension costs. We sponsor a number of defined benefit plans for our U.S. and Canada-based employees. In addition, we are obligated to contribute to multi-employer pension plans under collective bargaining agreements covering our union-represented employees. We contributed $27.3 million in 2019, $26.4 million in 2018, and $26.6 million in 2017 to those multi-employer pension plans. Third-party boards of trustees manage these multi-employer plans. Based upon the information we receive from plan administrators; we believe that several of those multi-employer plans are underfunded. The Pension Protection Act of 2006 requires us to reduce the underfunded status over defined time periods. Moreover, we would be required to make additional payments of our proportionate share of a plan’s unfunded vested liabilities if a plan terminates, or other contributing employers withdraw, due to insolvency or other reasons, or if we voluntarily withdraw from a plan. In 2019, we finalized the terms of a new collective bargaining agreement with the Teamsters Local 727 union. The terms included a withdrawal from the underfunded Central States Pension Plan. Accordingly, we recorded a charge of $15.5 million, which represents the estimated present value of future contributions we will be required to make as a result of the union’s withdrawal and $0.2 million of other withdrawal costs. At this time, we do not anticipate triggering any withdrawal from any other multi-employer pension plan to which we currently contribute. However, significant plan contribution increases could materially and adversely affect our consolidated financial condition, results of operations, and cash flows. Refer to Note 18 – Pension and Postretirement Benefits of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Part II, Item 8 of the 2019 Form 10-K) for further information.

Union-represented labor increases our risk of higher labor costs and work stoppages. Significant portions of our employees are unionized. We have approximately 100 collective bargaining agreements, and we are required to renegotiate approximately one-third of those each year. If we increase wages or benefits as a result of labor negotiations, either our operating margins will suffer, or we could increase the cost of our services to our customers, which could lead those customers to turn to other vendors with lower prices. Either event could materially and adversely affect our business and results of operations.

Additionally, if we are unable to reach an agreement with a union during the collective bargaining process, the union may strike or carry out other types of work stoppages. If that happens, we might be unable to find substitute workers with the necessary skills to

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perform many of the services, or we may incur additional costs to do so, both of which could materially and adversely affect our business and results of operations.

Liabilities relating to prior and discontinued operations may adversely affect our results of operations. We and our predecessors have a corporate history spanning decades and involving diverse businesses. Some of those businesses owned properties and used raw materials that have been, and may continue to be, subject to litigation. Moreover, some of the raw materials used and the waste produced by those businesses have been and are the subject of U.S. federal and state environmental regulations, including laws enacted under the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act, or its state law counterparts. In addition, we may incur other liabilities resulting from indemnification claims involving previously sold properties and subsidiaries, or obligations under defined benefit plans or other employee plans, as well as claims from past operations of predecessors or their subsidiaries. Although we believe we have adequate reserves and sufficient insurance coverage to cover those future liabilities, future events or proceedings could render our reserves or insurance protections inadequate, any of which could materially and adversely affect our business and results of operations.

Show rotation affects our profitability and makes comparisons between periods difficult. GES results are largely dependent upon the frequency, timing, and location of exhibitions and events. Some large exhibitions are not held annually (they may be held once every two, three, or four years) or may be held at different times of the year from when they were previously held. In addition, the same exhibition may change locations from year to year resulting in lower margins if the exhibition shifts to a higher-cost location. Any of these factors could cause our results of operations to fluctuate significantly from quarter to quarter or from year to year, making periodic comparisons difficult.

We are subject to currency exchange rate fluctuations. We have operations outside of the U.S. primarily in Canada, the United Kingdom, Iceland, the Netherlands, and Germany. During 2019, GES EMEA, GES Canada, and Pursuit’s international operations accounted for approximately 33% of our consolidated revenue and 66% of our segment operating income. Consequently, a significant portion of our business is exposed to currency exchange rate fluctuations. We do not currently hedge equity risk arising from the translation of non-U.S. denominated assets and liabilities. Our financial results and capital ratios are sensitive to movements in currency exchange rates because a large portion of our assets, liabilities, revenue, and expenses must be translated into U.S. dollars for reporting purposes. The unrealized gains or losses resulting from the currency translation are included as a component of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) in our consolidated balance sheets. As a result, significant fluctuations in currency exchange rates could result in material changes to the net equity position we report in our consolidated balance sheets.

We are vulnerable to cybersecurity attacks and threats. We regularly collect and process credit, financial, and other personal and confidential information from individuals and entities who attend or participate in events and exhibitions that we produce, or who visit our attractions and other offerings. In addition, our devices, servers, computer systems, and business systems are vulnerable to cybersecurity risk, including cyberattacks, or we may be the target of email scams that attempt to acquire personal information and company assets. Despite our efforts to protect ourselves with insurance, and create security barriers to such threats, including regularly reviewing our systems for vulnerabilities and continually updating our protections, we might not be able to entirely mitigate these risks. Our failure to effectively prevent, detect, and recover from the increasing number and sophistication of information security threats could lead to business interruptions, delays or loss of critical data, misuse, modification, or destruction of information, including trade secrets and confidential business information, reputational damage, and third-party claims, any of which could materially and adversely affect our results of operations.

Laws and regulations relating to the handling of personal data are evolving and could result in increased costs, legal claims, or fines. We store and process the personally identifiable information of our customers, employees, and third parties with whom we have business relationships. The legal requirements restricting the way we store, collect, handle, and transfer personal data continue to evolve, and there are an increasing number of authorities issuing privacy laws and regulations. These data privacy laws and regulations are subject to differing interpretations, creating uncertainty and inconsistency across jurisdictions. Our compliance with these myriad requirements could involve making changes in our services, business practices, or internal systems, any of which could increase our costs, lower revenue, or reduce efficiency. Our failure to comply with existing or new rules could result in significant penalties or orders to stop the alleged noncompliant activity, litigation, adverse publicity, or could cause our customers to lose trust in our services. In addition, if the third parties we work with violate applicable laws, contractual obligations, or suffer a security breach, those violations could also put us in breach of our obligations under privacy laws and regulations. In addition, the costs of maintaining adequate protection, including insurance protection against such threats, as they develop in the future (or as legal requirements related to data security increase) are expected to increase and could be material. Any of these risks could materially and adversely affect our business and results of operations.

The United Kingdom’s exit from the European Union could adversely affect our business. We operate substantial parts of our EU businesses from U.K.-based entities. On January 31, 2020, the U.K. officially withdrew from the EU. The final terms of the withdrawal are being negotiated with the transition period ending on December 31, 2020. The withdrawal could disrupt the free movement of goods, services, and people between the U.K. and the EU. Moreover, the regulatory and legal environment that will

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govern our U.K. operations is uncertain. Any new arrangements may require us to make changes to our operations in Europe, which could result in a higher cost and less efficient operating model across our European business. These new arrangements could adversely affect our business and results of operations.

Changes affecting the availability of the London Inter-bank Offered Rate (“LIBOR”) or increases in interest rates may have consequences for us that cannot yet be reasonably predicted. Viad has outstanding debt with variable interest rates based on LIBOR. Borrowings under the 2018 Credit Facility are indexed to the prime rate or LIBOR, plus appropriate spreads tied to our leverage ratio. The LIBOR benchmark has been the subject of national, international, and other regulatory guidance and proposals to reform. In July 2017, the United Kingdom Financial Conduct Authority (the authority that regulates LIBOR) announced that it intends to stop compelling banks to submit rates for the calculation of LIBOR after 2021. These reforms may cause LIBOR to perform differently than in the past and LIBOR may ultimately cease to exist after 2021. Our 2018 Credit Facility includes a method for determining an alternative or successor rate of interest that gives consideration to the new prevailing market convention. The alternative rate could affect the Company's debt and debt payments. At this time, it is not possible to predict the effect of any changes to LIBOR, any phase out of LIBOR or any establishment of alternative benchmark rates. Any new benchmark rate will likely not replicate LIBOR exactly, which could impact our contracts which terminate after 2021. There is uncertainty about how applicable law, the courts or the Company will address the replacement of LIBOR with alternative rates. If LIBOR ceases to exist after 2021, the interest rates under our revolving credit facility and the discount rates we apply to finance lease obligations will be based on the alternative rate, which may result in higher interest rates and debt obligations. In addition, any increases to our benchmark interest rates could have an uncertain impact on our cost of funds and our access to the capital markets, which could impact our results of operations and cash flows. Uncertainty as to the nature of such potential changes may also adversely affect the trading market for our securities.

Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds

The following table summarizes the total number of shares of our common stock that were repurchased during the three months ended March 31, 2020 pursuant to publicly announced plans or programs, as well as certain previously owned shares of common stock that were surrendered by employees, former employees, and non-employee directors for tax withholding requirements on vested share-based awards.

ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES

Period	Total Number of Shares Purchased		Average Price Paid Per Share		Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Plans or Programs		Maximum Number of Shares That May Yet Be Purchased Under the Plans or Programs
January 1, 2020 - January 31, 2020		966	$	67.16		—		600,067
February 1, 2020 - February 29, 2020		69,748	$	53.63		53,784		546,283
March 1, 2020 - March 31, 2020		744	$	50.55		—		546,283
Total		71,458	$	53.79		53,784		546,283

Pursuant to previously announced authorizations, our Board of Directors has authorized us to repurchase shares of our common stock from time to time at prevailing market prices. Effective February 7, 2019, our Board of Directors approved an additional 500,000 shares to repurchase. During the three months ended March 31, 2020 we repurchased 53,784 shares on the open market for $2.8 million. The Board’s authorization has no expiration date. In March 2020, our Board of Directors suspended our share repurchase program.

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Item 6. Exhibits

			Incorporated by Reference
Exhibit Number		Exhibit Description	Form	Period Ending	Exhibit	Filing Date
4.1		Rights Agreement, dated as of March 30, 2020, between Viad Corp and Equiniti Trust Company, which includes the Form of Right Certificate as Exhibit A and the Summary of Rights to Purchase Preferred Stock as Exhibit B.	8-K		4.1	3/30/2020
4.2		Amendment No. 2 to $450 million Second Amended and Restated Credit Agreement, dated May 8, 2020.	8-K		4.A3	5/11/2020
10.1	*	Severance Agreement and General Release between Viad Corp and Jay Altizer, effective as of May 22, 2020.
31.1	*	Certification of Chief Executive Officer of Viad Corp pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, for the period ended March 31, 2020.
31.2	*	Certification of Chief Financial Officer of Viad Corp pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, for the period ended March 31, 2020.
32.1	**	Certifications of Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer of Viad Corp pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, for the period ended March 31, 2020.
101.INS	***	XBRL Instance Document
101.SCH	****	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document.
101.CAL	****	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document.
101.LAB	****	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document.
101.PRE	****	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document
101.DEF	****	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document.
104	***	Cover Page Interactive Data File

* Filed herewith.

** Furnished herewith.

*** The XBRL Instance Document and Cover Page Interactive Data File do not appear in the Interactive Data File because their XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document.

**** Submitted electronically herewith.

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SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

	VIAD CORP
	(Registrant)
June 19, 2020	By:	/s/ Leslie S. Striedel
(Date)		Leslie S. Striedel
		Chief Accounting Officer (Duly Authorized Officer)

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