Loans and Allowance for Loan Losses | Loans and Allowance for Loan Losses For financial reporting purposes, the Company classifies its loan portfolio based on the underlying collateral utilized to secure each loan. This classification is consistent with those utilized in the Quarterly Report of Condition and Income filed by the Bank with the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (“FDIC”). The following schedule details the loans of the Company at March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018 : (In Thousands) March 31, December 31, Mortgage loans on real estate: Residential 1-4 family $ 458,304 $ 460,692 Multifamily 136,385 134,613 Commercial 727,394 701,055 Construction and land development 495,061 518,245 Farmland 23,438 24,071 Second mortgages 11,465 11,197 Equity lines of credit 61,656 62,013 Total mortgage loans on real estate 1,913,703 1,911,886 Commercial loans 77,921 78,245 Agricultural loans 1,821 1,985 Consumer installment loans Personal 51,981 45,072 Credit cards 3,586 3,687 Total consumer installment loans 55,567 48,759 Other loans 8,989 9,324 Total loans before net deferred loan fees 2,058,001 2,050,199 Net deferred loan fees (6,911 ) (7,020 ) Total loans 2,051,090 2,043,179 Less: Allowance for loan losses (28,280 ) (27,174 ) Net loans $ 2,022,810 $ 2,016,005 Risk characteristics relevant to each portfolio segment are as follows: Construction and land development: Loans for non-owner-occupied real estate construction or land development are generally repaid through cash flow related to the operation, sale or refinance of the property. The Company also finances construction loans for owner-occupied properties. A portion of the Company’s construction and land portfolio segment is comprised of loans secured by residential product types (residential land and single-family construction). With respect to construction loans to developers and builders that are secured by non-owner occupied properties that the Company may originate from time to time, the Company generally requires the borrower to have had an existing relationship with the Company and have a proven record of success. Construction and land development loans are underwritten utilizing independent appraisal reviews, sensitivity analysis of absorption and lease rates, market sales activity, and financial analysis of the developers and property owners. Construction loans are generally based upon estimates of costs and value associated with the complete project. These estimates may be inaccurate. Construction loans often involve the disbursement of substantial funds with repayments substantially dependent on the success of the ultimate project. Sources of repayment for these types of loans may be pre-committed permanent loans from approved long-term lenders, sales of developed property or an interim loan commitment from the Company until permanent financing is obtained. These loans are closely monitored by on-site inspections and are considered to have higher risks than other real estate loans due to their ultimate repayment being sensitive to interest rate changes, governmental regulation of real property, general economic conditions and the availability of long-term financing. 1-4 family residential real estate: Residential real estate loans represent loans to consumers or investors to finance a residence. These loans are typically financed on 15 to 30 year amortization terms, but generally with shorter maturities of 5 to 15 years. Many of these loans are extended to borrowers to finance their primary or secondary residence. Loans to an investor secured by a 1-4 family residence will be repaid from either the rental income from the property or from the sale of the property. This loan segment also includes closed-end home equity loans that are secured by a first or second mortgage on the borrower’s residence. This allows customers to borrow against the equity in their home. Loans in this portfolio segment are underwritten and approved based on a number of credit quality criteria including limits on maximum Loan-to-Value ("LTV") ratios, minimum credit scores, and maximum debt to income ratios. Real estate market values as of the time the loan is made directly affect the amount of credit extended and, in addition, changes in these residential property values impact the depth of potential losses in this portfolio segment. 1-4 family HELOC: This loan segment includes open-end home equity loans that are secured by a first or second mortgage on the borrower’s residence. This allows customers to borrow against the equity in their home utilizing a revolving line of credit. These loans are underwritten and approved based on a number of credit quality criteria including limits on maximum LTV ratios, minimum credit scores, and maximum debt to income ratios. Real estate market values as of the time the loan is made directly affect the amount of credit extended and, in addition, changes in these residential property values impact the depth of potential losses in this portfolio segment. Because of the revolving nature of these loans, as well as the fact that many represent second mortgages, this portfolio segment can contain more risk than the amortizing 1-4 family residential real estate loans. Multi-family and commercial real estate: Multi-family and commercial real estate loans are subject to underwriting standards and processes similar to commercial and industrial loans, in addition to those of real estate loans. These loans are viewed primarily as cash flow loans and secondarily as loans secured by real estate. Commercial real estate lending typically involves higher loan principal amounts and the repayment of these loans is generally largely dependent on the successful operation of the property securing the loan or the business conducted on the property securing the loan. Commercial real estate loans may be more adversely affected by conditions in the real estate markets or in the general economy. The properties securing the Company’s commercial real estate portfolio are diverse in terms of type. This diversity helps reduce the Company’s exposure to adverse economic events that affect any single market or industry. Management monitors and evaluates commercial real estate loans based on collateral, geography and risk grade criteria. The Company also utilizes third-party experts to provide insight and guidance about economic conditions and trends affecting the market areas it serves. In addition, management tracks the level of owner-occupied commercial real estate loans versus non-owner occupied loans. Non-owner occupied commercial real estate loans are loans secured by multifamily and commercial properties where the primary source of repayment is derived from rental income associated with the property (that is, loans for which 50 percent or more of the source of repayment comes from third party, nonaffiliated, rental income) or the proceeds of the sale, refinancing, or permanent financing of the property. These loans are made to finance income-producing properties such as apartment buildings, office and industrial buildings, and retail properties. Owner-occupied commercial real estate loans are loans where the primary source of repayment is the cash flow from the ongoing operations and business activities conducted by the party, or affiliate of the party, who owns the property. Commercial and Industrial: The commercial and industrial loan portfolio segment includes commercial and industrial loans to commercial customers for use in normal business operations to finance working capital needs, equipment purchases or other expansion projects. Collection risk in this portfolio is driven by the creditworthiness of underlying borrowers, particularly cash flow from customers’ business operations. Commercial and industrial loans are primarily made based on the identified cash flows of the borrower and secondarily on the underlying collateral provided by the borrower, if any. The cash flows of borrowers, however, may not be as expected and any collateral securing these loans may fluctuate in value. Most commercial and industrial loans are secured by the assets being financed or other business assets such as accounts receivable or inventory and usually incorporate a personal guarantee; however, some short-term loans may be made on an unsecured basis. In the case of loans secured by accounts receivable, the availability of funds for the repayment of these loans may be substantially dependent on the ability of the borrower to collect amounts due from its customers. Consumer: The consumer loan portfolio segment includes non-real estate secured direct loans to consumers for household, family, and other personal expenditures. Consumer loans may be secured or unsecured and are usually structured with short or medium term maturities. These loans are underwritten and approved based on a number of consumer credit quality criteria including limits on maximum LTV ratios on secured consumer loans, minimum credit scores, and maximum debt to income ratios. Many traditional forms of consumer installment credit have standard monthly payments and fixed repayment schedules of one to five years. These loans are made with either fixed or variable interest rates that are based on specific indices. Installment loans fill a variety of needs, such as financing the purchase of an automobile, a boat, a recreational vehicle or other large personal items, or for consolidating debt. These loan may be unsecured or secured by an assignment of title, as in an automobile loan, or by money in a bank account. In addition to consumer installment loans, this portfolio segment also includes secured and unsecured personal lines of credit as well as overdraft protection lines. Loans in this portfolio segment are sensitive to unemployment and other key consumer economic measures. three months ended March 31, 2019 and year ended December 31, 2018 are summarized as follows: (In Thousands) Residential 1-4 Family Multifamily Commercial Real Estate Construction Farmland Second Mortgages Equity Lines of Credit Commercial Agricultural, Installment and Other Total March 31, 2019 Allowance for loan losses: Beginning balance $ 6,297 1,481 9,753 7,084 221 118 731 622 867 27,174 Provision 261 19 510 (259 ) (5 ) 3 (4 ) 163 345 1,033 Charge-offs — — — — — — — — (296 ) (296 ) Recoveries 7 — — 267 — — — — 95 369 Ending balance $ 6,565 1,500 10,263 7,092 216 121 727 785 1,011 28,280 Ending balance individually evaluated for impairment $ 845 — 142 — — — — — — 987 Ending balance collectively evaluated for impairment $ 5,720 1,500 10,121 7,092 216 121 727 785 1,011 27,293 Loans: Ending balance $ 458,304 136,385 727,394 495,061 23,438 11,465 61,656 77,921 66,377 2,058,001 Ending balance individually evaluated for impairment $ 2,802 — 1,826 — — — — — — 4,628 Ending balance collectively evaluated for impairment $ 455,502 136,385 725,568 495,061 23,438 11,465 61,656 77,921 66,377 2,053,373 Residential 1-4 Family Multifamily Commercial Real Estate Construction Farmland Second Mortgages Equity Lines of Credit Commercial Agricultural, Installment and Other Total December 31, 2018 Allowance for loan losses: Beginning balance $ 5,156 1,011 9,267 6,094 487 94 723 401 676 23,909 Provision 1,568 470 436 921 (266 ) 24 7 218 920 4,298 Charge-offs (492 ) — — (19 ) — — — — (1,152 ) (1,663 ) Recoveries 65 — 50 88 — — 1 3 423 630 Ending balance $ 6,297 1,481 9,753 7,084 221 118 731 622 867 27,174 Ending balance individually evaluated for impairment $ 852 — 312 — — — — — — 1,164 Ending balance collectively evaluated for impairment $ 5,445 1,481 9,441 7,084 221 118 731 622 867 26,010 Loans: Ending balance $ 460,692 134,613 701,055 518,245 24,071 11,197 62,013 78,245 60,068 2,050,199 Ending balance individually evaluated for impairment $ 2,829 — 1,831 686 — — — — — 5,346 Ending balance collectively evaluated for impairment $ 457,863 134,613 699,224 517,559 24,071 11,197 62,013 78,245 60,068 2,044,853 At each of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018 , the Company had certain impaired loans of $ 2.1 million which were on non-accruing interest status. In each case, at the date such loans were placed on nonaccrual status, the Company reversed all previously accrued interest income against current year earnings. The following table presents the Company’s impaired loans at March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018 . In Thousands Recorded Investment Unpaid Principal Balance Related Allowance Average Recorded Investment Interest Income Recognized March 31, 2019 With no related allowance recorded: Residential 1-4 family $ 1,089 1,464 — 1,143 2 Multifamily — — — — — Commercial real estate 314 314 — 316 4 Construction — — — 345 — Farmland — — — — — Second mortgages — — — — — Equity lines of credit — — — — — Commercial — — — — — Agricultural, installment and other — — — — — $ 1,403 1,778 — 1,804 6 With related allowance recorded: Residential 1-4 family $ 1,722 1,939 845 1,682 23 Multifamily — — — — — Commercial real estate 1,514 1,512 142 1,515 4 Construction — — — — — Farmland — — — — — Second mortgages — — — — — Equity lines of credit — — — — — Commercial — — — — — Agricultural, installment and other — — — — — $ 3,236 3,451 987 3,197 27 Total Residential 1-4 family $ 2,811 3,403 845 2,825 25 Multifamily — — — — — Commercial real estate 1,828 1,826 142 1,831 8 Construction — — — 345 — Farmland — — — — — Second mortgages — — — — — Equity lines of credit — — — — — Commercial — — — — — Agricultural, installment and other — — — — — $ 4,639 5,229 987 5,001 33 In Thousands Recorded Investment Unpaid Principal Balance Related Allowance Average Recorded Investment Interest Income Recognized December 31, 2018 With no related allowance recorded: Residential 1-4 family $ 1,196 1,795 — 1,862 42 Multifamily — — — — — Commercial real estate 317 316 — 320 16 Construction 690 686 — 822 42 Farmland — — — 233 — Second mortgages — — — — — Equity lines of credit — — — — — Commercial — — — — — Agricultural, installment and other — — — — — $ 2,203 2,797 — 3,237 100 With related allowance recorded: Residential 1-4 family $ 1,641 1,635 852 1,782 77 Multifamily — — — — — Commercial real estate 1,515 1,515 312 2,001 17 Construction — — — — — Farmland — — — — — Second mortgages — — — — — Equity lines of credit — — — — — Commercial — — — — — Agricultural, installment and other — — — — — $ 3,156 3,150 1,164 3,783 94 Total: Residential 1-4 family $ 2,837 3,430 852 3,644 119 Multifamily — — — — — Commercial real estate 1,832 1,831 312 2,321 33 Construction 690 686 — 822 42 Farmland — — — 233 — Second mortgages — — — — — Equity lines of credit — — — — — Commercial — — — — — Agricultural, installment and other — — — — — $ 5,359 5,947 1,164 7,020 194 Impaired loans also include loans that the Bank may elect to formally restructure due to the weakening credit status of a borrower such that the restructuring may facilitate a repayment plan that minimizes the potential losses that the Bank may otherwise incur. These loans are classified as impaired loans and, if on non-accruing status as of the date of restructuring, the loans are included in the nonperforming loan balances. Not included in nonperforming loans are loans that have been restructured that were performing as of the restructure date. Troubled Debt Restructuring The Bank’s loan portfolio includes certain loans that have been modified in a troubled debt restructuring ("TDR"), where economic or other concessions have been granted to borrowers who have experienced or are expected to experience financial difficulties. These concessions typically result from the Bank’s loss mitigation activities and could include reductions in the interest rate, payment extensions, forgiveness of principal, forbearance or other actions. Certain TDRs are classified as nonperforming at the time of restructure and may only be returned to performing status after considering the borrower’s sustained repayment performance for a reasonable period, generally six months. The following table summarizes the carrying balances of TDRs at March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018 . March 31, 2019 December 31, 2018 (In thousands) Performing TDRs $ 1,207 $ 1,676 Nonperforming TDRs 626 816 Total TDRS $ 1,833 $ 2,492 The following table outlines the amount of each troubled debt restructuring categorized by loan classification for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and the year ended December 31, 2018 (in thousands, except for number of contracts): March 31, 2019 December 31, 2018 Number of Contracts Pre Modification Outstanding Recorded Investment Post Modification Outstanding Recorded Investment, Net of Related Allowance Number of Contracts Pre Modification Outstanding Recorded Investment Post Modification Outstanding Recorded Investment, Net of Related Allowance Residential 1-4 family — $ — $ — 4 $ 448 $ 448 Multifamily — — — — — — Commercial real estate — — — — — — Construction — — — — — — Farmland — — — — — — Second mortgages — — — — — — Equity lines of credit — — — — — — Commercial — — — — — — Agricultural, installment and other — — — 2 5 5 Total — $ — $ — 6 $ 453 $ 453 As of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018 the Company had no loan relationships that had been previously classified as TDRs subsequently default within twelve months of restructuring. A default is defined as an occurrence which violates the terms of the receivable’s contract. As of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018 , the Company’s recorded investment in consumer mortgage loans in the process of foreclosure amounted to $637,000 and $200,000 , respectively. Potential problem loans, which include nonperforming loans, amounted to approximately $12.5 million at March 31, 2019 and $12.0 million at December 31, 2018 . Potential problem loans represent those loans with a well-defined weakness and where information about possible credit problems of borrowers has caused management to have serious doubts about the borrower’s ability to comply with present repayment terms. This definition is believed to be substantially consistent with the standards established by the FDIC, the Bank’s primary federal regulator, for loans classified as special mention, substandard, or doubtful. The following summary presents the Bank's loan balances by primary loan classification and the amount classified within each risk rating category. Pass rated loans include all credits other than those included in special mention, substandard and doubtful which are defined as follows: • Special mention loans have potential weaknesses that deserve management’s close attention. If left uncorrected, these potential weaknesses may result in deterioration of the repayment prospects for the asset or in the Bank’s credit position at some future date. • Substandard loans are inadequately protected by the current sound worth and paying capacity of the obligor or of the collateral pledged, if any. Assets so classified must have a well-defined weakness or weaknesses that jeopardize liquidation of the debt. Substandard loans are characterized by the distinct possibility that the Bank will sustain some loss if the deficiencies are not corrected. • March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018 : (In Thousands) Residential 1-4 Family Multifamily Commercial Real Estate Construction Farmland Second Mortgages Equity Lines of Credit Commercial Agricultural, installment and other Total March 31, 2019 Credit Risk Profile by Internally Assigned Rating Pass $ 449,694 136,385 724,493 494,949 23,265 11,149 61,488 77,883 66,214 2,045,520 Special Mention 4,279 — 1,690 57 111 177 — 15 116 6,445 Substandard 4,331 — 1,211 55 62 139 168 23 47 6,036 Doubtful — — — — — — — — — — Total $ 458,304 136,385 727,394 495,061 23,438 11,465 61,656 77,921 66,377 2,058,001 December 31, 2018 Credit Risk Profile by Internally Assigned Rating Pass $ 452,411 134,613 698,083 518,123 23,895 10,979 61,927 78,206 59,923 2,038,160 Special Mention 3,949 — 1,690 64 112 179 — 39 78 6,111 Substandard 4,332 — 1,282 58 64 39 86 — 67 5,928 Doubtful — — — — — — — — — — Total $ 460,692 134,613 701,055 518,245 24,071 11,197 62,013 78,245 60,068 2,050,199 |