UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
_________________________
FORM 10-K
☒ | Annual Report Pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 |
For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2021
OR
☐ | Transition Report Pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 |
For the transition period from to
Commission file number 1-4881
_________________________
AVON PRODUCTS, INC.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
New York | 13-0544597 | |||||||
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) | (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.) |
Nunn Mills Road, Northampton NN1 5PA
United Kingdom
(Address of principal executive offices)
+44-1904-232425
(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
Title of each class | Trading Symbol(s): | Name of each exchange on which registered | ||||||
None | None | None |
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: None
_________________________
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes o No x
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act. Yes x No o
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes x No o
Note: The registrant is a voluntary filer of reports required to be filed by certain companies under Sections 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes x No o
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of "large accelerated filer," "accelerated filer," "smaller
reporting company" and "emerging growth company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
Large accelerated filer | o | Accelerated filer | o | |||||||||||||||||
Non-accelerated filer | x | Smaller reporting company | ☐ | |||||||||||||||||
Emerging growth company | ☐ |
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has filed a report on and attestation to its management's assessment of the effectiveness of its internal control over financial reporting under Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (15 U.S.C. 7262(b)) by the registered public accounting firm that prepared or issued its audit report. ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act). Yes ☐ No x
The aggregate market value of voting and non-voting Common Stock (par value $.25) held by non-affiliates at June 30, 2021 (the last business day of our most recently completed second quarter) was nil.
The number of shares of Common Stock (par value $.01) outstanding at January 30, 2022, was 101.34
The registrant meets the conditions sets forth in General Instruction I(1)(a) and (b) of Form 10-K and is therefore filing this Form with the reduced disclosure format
Table of Contents
Item | Page | |||||||
Part I | ||||||||
Item 1 | 4 - 10 | |||||||
Item 1A | 11 - 30 | |||||||
Item 1B | ||||||||
Item 2 | ||||||||
Item 3 | ||||||||
Item 4 | ||||||||
Part II | ||||||||
Item 5 | ||||||||
Item 6 | [Reserved] | |||||||
Item 7 | ||||||||
Item 7A | ||||||||
Item 8 | ||||||||
Item 9 | ||||||||
Item 9A | 53 - 54 | |||||||
Item 9B | ||||||||
Item 9C | ||||||||
Part III | ||||||||
Item 10 | ||||||||
Item 11 | ||||||||
Item 12 | ||||||||
Item 13 | ||||||||
Item 14 | 55 - 55 | |||||||
Part IV | ||||||||
Item 15 | 57 - 62 | |||||||
57 - 61 | ||||||||
Item 16 | ||||||||
CAUTIONARY STATEMENT FOR PURPOSES OF THE "SAFE HARBOR" STATEMENT UNDER THE PRIVATE SECURITIES LITIGATION REFORM ACT OF 1995
Statements in this report (or in the documents it incorporates by reference) that are not historical facts or information may be forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Words such as "estimate," "project," "forecast," "plan," "believe," "may," "expect," "anticipate," "intend," "planned," "potential," "can," "expectation," "could," "will," "would" and similar expressions, or the negative of those expressions, may identify forward-looking statements. They include, among other things, statements regarding our anticipated or expected results, future financial performance, various strategies and initiatives (including our Open Up & Grow and Avon Integration plans, stabilization strategies, digital strategies, cost savings initiatives, restructuring and other initiatives and related actions), costs and cost savings, competitive advantages, impairments, the impact of foreign currency, including devaluations, and other laws and regulations, government investigations, results of litigation, contingencies, taxes and tax rates, potential alliances or divestitures, liquidity, cash flow, uses of cash and financing, hedging and risk management strategies, pension, postretirement and incentive compensation plans, supply chain, the legal status of the Representatives, and the anticipated impact of the evolving COVID-19 pandemic and related responses from governments and private sector participants on the Company, its supply chain, third-party suppliers, project development timelines, costs, revenue, margins, liquidity and financial condition, the anticipated timing, speed and magnitude of recovery from these COVID-19 pandemic related impacts and the Company’s planned actions and responses to this pandemic. Such forward-looking statements are based on management's reasonable current assumptions, expectations, plans and forecasts regarding the Company's current or future results and future business and economic conditions more generally. Such forward-looking statements involve risks, uncertainties and other factors, which may cause the actual results, levels of activity, performance or achievement of Avon to be materially different from any future results expressed or implied by such forward-looking statements, and there can be no assurance that actual results will not differ materially from management's expectations. Therefore, you should not rely on any of these forward-looking statements as predictors of future events. Important factors that could cause our actual results and financial condition to differ materially from those indicated in the forward-looking statements include, among others, the following:
•the COVID-19 pandemic is adversely affecting, and is expected to continue to adversely affect, our operations, manufacturing, supply chains and distribution systems. There is uncertainty around the duration and breadth of the COVID-19 pandemic and the effectiveness of responses to it, including as a result of the emergence of new variants, the rollout of vaccination campaigns and uncertainty as to whether existing vaccines and treatments will be effective against these new variants. As a result, we cannot reasonably estimate at this time the continued impact, that COVID-19 may have on our business or operations. The extent to which COVID-19 impacts our business will depend on future developments, which are highly uncertain and cannot be predicted, including new information which may emerge concerning the severity of COVID-19 and the actions to contain COVID-19 or treat its impact including on financial markets or otherwise. See also "Item 1A. Risk Factors—The COVID-19 pandemic is adversely affecting, and is expected to continue to adversely affect, our operations, manufacturing, supply chains and distribution systems, and we have experienced and expect to continue to experience unpredictable negative effects associated with the pandemic."
•general economic and business conditions in our markets, including social, economic and political uncertainties, such as the ongoing military conflict between Ukraine and Russia or elsewhere, and any existing and potential sanctions, restrictions or responses to such conditions imposed by other markets in which we operate. See also “Item 1A. Risk Factors—Risks Related to Our International Operations— Our ability to conduct business in our international markets may be affected by economic, political, legal, tax and regulatory risks” and “Item 1A. Risk Factors—Risks Related to Our International Operations—The ongoing military conflict between Ukraine and Russia may have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations”;
•our ability to improve our financial and operational performance and execute fully our global business strategy, including our ability to implement the key initiatives of, and/or realize the projected benefits (in the amounts and time schedules we expect) from Open Up & Grow and Avon Integration plans, stabilization strategies, cost savings initiatives, restructuring and other initiatives, product mix and pricing strategies, enterprise resource planning, customer service initiatives, sales and operation planning process, outsourcing strategies, digital strategies, Internet platform and technology strategies including e-commerce, marketing and advertising strategies, information technology and related system enhancements and cash management, tax, foreign currency hedging and risk management strategies, and any plans to invest these projected benefits ahead of future growth;
•our broad-based geographic portfolio, which is heavily weighted towards emerging markets, a general economic downturn, a recession globally or in one or more of our geographic regions or markets, such as Brazil, Mexico or Russia, or sudden disruption in business conditions, and the ability to withstand an economic downturn, recession, cost inflation, commodity cost pressures, economic or political instability (including fluctuations in foreign exchange rates), competitive or other market pressures or conditions;
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•the effect of economic factors, including inflation and fluctuations in interest rates and foreign currency exchange rates; as well as the designation of Argentina as a highly inflationary economy, and the potential effect of such factors on our business, results of operations and financial condition;
•the possibility of business disruption in connection with our Open Up & Grow and Avon Integration plans, stabilization strategies, cost savings initiatives, or restructuring and other initiatives;
•our ability to reverse declining revenue, to improve margins and net income, or to achieve profitable growth, particularly in our largest markets and developing and emerging markets, such as Brazil, Mexico, Russia and the United Kingdom;
•our ability to improve working capital and effectively manage doubtful accounts and inventory and implement initiatives to reduce inventory levels, and the potential impact on cash flows and obsolescence;
•our ability to reverse declines in Active Representatives, to enhance our sales leadership programs, to generate Representative activity, to increase the number of consumers served per Representative and their engagement online, to enhance branding and the Representative and consumer experience and increase Representative productivity through field activation and segmentation programs and technology tools and enablers, to invest in the direct-selling channel, to offer a more social selling experience, and to compete with other direct-selling organizations to recruit, retain and service Representatives and to continue to innovate the direct-selling model;
•the effect of economic, political, legal, tax, including changes in tax rates, and other regulatory risks imposed on us abroad and in the U.S., our operations or the Representatives, including foreign exchange, pricing, environmental rules and regulations in areas related to our activities, including with regard to climate change, data privacy or other restrictions, the adoption, interpretation and enforcement of foreign laws, including in jurisdictions such as Brazil and Russia, and any changes thereto, as well as reviews and investigations by government regulators that have occurred or may occur from time to time, including, for example, local regulatory scrutiny;
•competitive uncertainties in our markets, including competition from companies in the consumer packaged goods industry, some of which are larger than we are and have greater resources;
•the impact of the adverse effect of volatile energy, commodity and raw material prices, changes in market trends, purchasing habits of our consumers and changes in consumer preferences, particularly given the global nature of our business and the conduct of our business in primarily one channel;
•our ability to attract and retain key personnel;
•disruptions to our manufacturing operations, supply chains and distribution systems;
•other sudden disruption in business operations beyond our control as a result of events such as acts of terrorism or war, natural disasters, pandemic situations, large-scale power outages and similar events;
•key information technology systems, process or site outages and disruptions, and any cybersecurity breaches, including any security breach of our systems or those of a third-party provider that results in the theft, transfer or unauthorized disclosure of Representative, customer, employee or Company information or compliance with information security and privacy laws and regulations in the event of such an incident which could disrupt business operations, result in the loss of critical and confidential information, and adversely impact our reputation and results of operations, and related costs to address such malicious intentional acts and to implement adequate preventative measures against cybersecurity breaches;
•our ability to comply with various data privacy laws affecting the markets in which we do business;
•the risk of product or ingredient shortages resulting from our concentration of sourcing in fewer suppliers;
•any changes to our credit ratings and the impact of such changes on our financing costs, rates, terms, debt service obligations, access to lending sources and working capital needs;
•the impact of our indebtedness, our access to cash and financing, and our ability to secure financing or financing at attractive rates and terms and conditions;
•our ability to successfully identify new business opportunities, strategic alliances and strategic alternatives and identify and analyze alliance candidates, secure financing on favorable terms and negotiate and consummate alliances;
•disruption in our supply chain or manufacturing and distribution operations;
•the quality, safety and efficacy of our products;
•the success of our research and development activities;
•our ability to protect our intellectual property rights, including in connection with the separation of the North America business;
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•the risk of an adverse outcome in any material pending and future litigation or with respect to the legal status of Representatives; and,
•other risks and uncertainties include the possibility that the expected synergies and value creation from the Transaction (as defined in “Item 7 Management’s Discussion And Analysis Of Financial Condition And Results Of Operations—Overview—Merger with Natura Cosméticos S.A.”) will not be realized or will not be realized within the expected time period; the risk that the businesses of the Company and Natura &Co Holding will not be integrated successfully; disruption from the Transaction making it more difficult to maintain business and operational relationships; the possibility that the intended accounting and tax treatments of the Transaction are not achieved; the effect of the consummation of the Transaction on customers, employees, representatives, suppliers and partners and operating results; as well as more specific risks and uncertainties.
Additional information identifying such factors is contained in Item 1A of our Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2021, and other reports and documents we file with the SEC. We undertake no obligation to update any such forward-looking statements.
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PART I
ITEM 1. BUSINESS
(U.S. dollars in millions, except per share data)
When used in this report, the terms "Avon," "Company," "we," "our" or "us" mean, unless the context otherwise indicates, Avon Products, Inc. and its majority and wholly owned subsidiaries.
General
We are a global manufacturer and marketer of beauty and related products. We commenced operations in 1886 and were incorporated in the State of New York on January 27, 1916. We conduct our business in the highly competitive beauty industry and compete against other consumer packaged goods ("CPG") and direct-selling companies to create, manufacture and market beauty and non-beauty-related products. Our product categories are Beauty and Fashion & Home. Beauty consists of skincare, fragrance and color (cosmetics). Fashion & Home consists of fashion jewelry, watches, apparel, footwear, accessories, gift and decorative products, housewares, entertainment and leisure products, children’s products and nutritional products.
Our business is conducted primarily in one channel, direct selling, and our strategy is to expand to omnichannel. Since our merger with Natura Cosméticos S.A., we have updated our reportable segments to align with how the business is currently operated and managed. We have identified two reportable segments based on geographic operations: Avon International and Avon Latin America. In prior periods, the Company reported four segments: Europe, Middle East and Africa, Asia Pacific, South Latin America and North Latin America. Financial information relating to our reportable segments is included in "Segment Review" within Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations, which we refer to in this report as "MD&A,", and in Note 14, Segment Information, to the Consolidated Financial Statements included herein. We refer to each of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements included herein as a "Note." Information about geographic areas is included in Note 14, Segment Information to the Consolidated Financial Statements included herein. All of our consolidated revenue is derived from operations of subsidiaries outside of the United States ("U.S.").
In May 2019 we and Natura Cosméticos S.A., a Brazilian corporation (sociedade anônima) ("Natura Cosméticos"), entered into an Agreement and Plan of Mergers (the "Merger Agreement"), pursuant to which the Company and Natura Cosméticos were acquired by and became wholly-owned subsidiaries of Natura &Co, Holding S.A., a Brazilian corporation (sociedade anônima) ("Natura &Co") in January 2020. Natura has stock listed on the B3 S.A. - Brasil, Bolsa, Balcão stock exchange in Brazil and American Depositary Shares traded on the New York Stock Exchange ("NYSE"). With the completion of this transaction, our common stock was removed from trading on the NYSE, and we became a privately held company.
COVID-19
A novel strain of coronavirus (COVID-19) was first identified in Wuhan, China in December 2019, and subsequently declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization. Due to the uncertain and rapidly evolving nature of current conditions around the world, the impacts of COVID-19 most of which are beyond the Company’s control, continue to evolve, and the outcome is uncertain. We are therefore unable to predict accurately the impact that COVID-19 will have on our business going forward.
In 2020, the most significant impact of the COVID-19 pandemic was felt during the second quarter of 2020, as many markets were subject to lockdown restrictions to varying degrees, which limited our ability to recruit and enroll Representatives, operate manufacturing facilities and distribution centers and to process and deliver orders. The pandemic primarily resulted in reduced revenue, which in turn impacted profitability and cash generation. The third quarter of 2020 showed signs of recovery in most markets. The fourth quarter of 2020 has again been impacted by the new lockdown measures imposed in parts of Europe, although not to the extent felt during the second quarter of 2020 as we were able to continue normal operations in our manufacturing facilities and distribution centers.
In 2021, the economic disruption caused by the COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in inflationary pressures on the cost of certain raw materials used in the production of essential items due to the increased demand for these inputs worldwide. These inflationary pressures have been compounded by disruptions in global supply chains and climate events that hit electricity generation globally, among others. Moreover, novel strains and variants of COVID-19 emerged in 2021, and the rollout of vaccination programs worldwide have compromised the ability of certain countries to effectively contain the spread and the toll of the virus.
We continue to monitor the evolution of the Covid-19 pandemic in the markets in which we operate, especially with regard to restrictive measures adopted by these jurisdictions. We continuously analyze the situation and act to minimize impacts on the operations and on the equity and financial position of the Company, with the objective of implementing appropriate measures, ensuring the continuity of operations, hedge cash, improve liquidity and promote the health and safety of all.
In view of this scenario, we review the recoverability expectations of our financial and non-financial assets in the preparation of these financial statements, considering the most recent information available and reflected in the Company’s business plans. In addition, we also consider possible effects on the financial statements including revenues and the continued transition to the
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digital environment, allowances for doubtful accounts receivable, impairment of non-financial assets, leases, liquidity and capital resources and going concern.
As of the date of this report, we are unable to estimate the long-term economic impact arising from efforts to curb the spread of the COVID-19 virus and the expected reduction in activity on our business, results of operations and financial condition. We will continue to review our revenue, investments, expenses and cash outflows, as well as adjusting our relationships with suppliers. Furthermore, the actions outlined above are continuously being re-evaluated in light of global developments relating to COVID-19. See also “Item 1A. Risk Factors—The COVID-19 pandemic is adversely affecting, and is expected to continue to adversely affect, our operations, manufacturing, supply chains and distribution systems, and we have experienced and expect to continue to experience unpredictable negative effects associated with the pandemic" and “Item 7 Management’s Discussion And Analysis Of Financial Condition And Results Of Operations—Overview— COVID-19 pandemic”.
Distribution
During 2021, we had sales operations in 54 countries and territories, and distributed our products in 24 other countries and territories. At December 31, 2021, we had sales operations in 52 countries.
Unlike most of our CPG competitors, which sell their products through third-party retail establishments (e.g., drug stores and department stores), we primarily sell our products to the ultimate consumer through the direct-selling channel, with a strategy to expand to omnichannel. Our priority in the omnichannel model is to accelerate digital social selling through Representative engagement, activation, training, direct customer delivery service, and e-commerce. In our case, sales of our products are made to the ultimate consumer principally through direct selling by Representatives, who are independent contractors and not our employees. On average we had approximately 5 million Active Representatives during the year ended December 31, 2021, which represents the number of Representatives submitting an order in a sales campaign, totaled for all campaigns during the year and then divided by the number of campaigns. Representatives earn by purchasing products directly from us at a discount from a published brochure price and selling them to their customers, the ultimate consumer of our products. Representatives can start their Avon businesses for a nominal fee, or in some markets for no fee at all. We generally have no arrangements with end users of our products beyond the Representative, except as described below. No single Representative accounts for more than 10% of our net sales globally.
A Representative contacts their customers directly, selling primarily through our brochure (whether paper or online), which highlights new products and special promotions (or incentives) for each sales campaign. In this sense, the Representative, together with the brochure, are the "store" through which our products are sold. A brochure introducing a new sales campaign is typically generated every three to four weeks. A purchase order is processed and the products are picked at a distribution center and delivered to the Representative usually through a combination of local and national delivery companies. Historically, the Representative then delivers the merchandise and collects payment from the customer for her own account. Several of our larger countries have begun to offer direct to customer delivery of the ordered products. A Representative generally receives a refund of the price the Representative paid for a product if the Representative chooses to return it.
We employ certain web-enabled systems to increase Representative support, which allow a Representative to run her or his business more efficiently and also allow us to improve our order-processing accuracy. For example, in many countries, Representatives can utilize the Internet to manage their business electronically, including order submission, order tracking, payment and communications with us. In addition, in many markets, Representatives can further build their own business through personalized web pages provided by us, enabling them to sell a complete line of our products online. Self-paced online training also is available in certain markets. We are actively deploying and training the Representatives on additional digital tools and sales methods to help increase its customer reach.
While we continue to grow the penetration of our Representative mobile application, AvonON, we are proud to have increased the usage by 45% in one year, with more than 47% increase in returning users which will eventually lead to an increased number of Hybrid Representatives (who serve customers online & offline), we believe this will be key to our retention & growth of sellers’ segment at Avon since Hybrid Representatives have higher average sales and order more frequently.
In some markets, particularly in Asia Pacific, we use decentralized branches, satellite stores and independent retail operations (e.g., beauty boutiques) to serve Representatives and other customers. Representatives come to a branch to place and pick up product orders for their customers. The branches also create visibility of the Avon brand, channel with consumers and help reinforce our beauty image. In certain markets, we allow our beauty centers and other retail-oriented and direct-to-consumer opportunities to reach new customers in complementary ways to direct selling. Avon increasingly utilizes e-commerce and markets its products through consumer websites.
The recruiting or appointing and training of Representatives are the primary responsibilities of independent leaders supported by zone managers. Depending on the market and the responsibilities of the role, some of these individuals are our employees and some are independent contractors. Those who are employees are paid a salary and an incentive based primarily on the achievement of a sales objective in their district. Those who are independent contractors are rewarded primarily based on total sales achieved in their zones or downline team of recruited, trained and managed Representatives. Personal contacts, including
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recommendations from current Representatives (including the sales leadership program) and local market advertising constitute the primary means of obtaining new Representatives. The sales leadership program is a multi-level compensation program which gives Representatives, known as independent leaders, the opportunity to earn discounts on their own sales of our products, as well as commissions based on the net sales made by Representatives they have recruited and trained. This program generally limits the number of levels on which commissions can be earned to three. The primary responsibilities of independent leaders are the prospecting, appointing, training and development of their downline Representatives while maintaining a certain level of their own sales. As described above, the Representative is the "store" through which we primarily sell our products and, given the high rate of turnover among Representatives, which is a common characteristic of direct selling, it is critical that we recruit, retain and service Representatives on a continuing basis in order to maintain and grow our business.
From time to time, local governments and others question the legal status of Representatives or impose burdens inconsistent with their status as independent contractors, often in regard to possible coverage under social benefit laws that would require us (and, in most instances, the Representatives) to make regular contributions to government social benefit funds. Although we have generally been able to address these questions in a satisfactory manner, these questions can be raised again following regulatory changes in a jurisdiction or can be raised in other jurisdictions. If there should be a final determination adverse to us in a country, the cost for future, and possibly past, contributions could be so substantial in the context of the volume and profitability of our business in that country that we would consider discontinuing operations in that country.
Promotion and Marketing
Sales promotion and sales development activities are directed at assisting Representatives, through sales aids such as brochures, product samples, demonstration products and training. In order to support the efforts of Representatives to reach new customers, specially designed sales aids, digital content and tools, promotional pieces, customer flyers and various forms of advertising may be used. In addition, we seek to motivate the Representatives through the use of special incentive programs that reward superior sales performance. Periodic sales meetings with Representatives are conducted by the district sales or zone managers. We believe that the training meetings are an integral part of enabling the Representatives to provide customers with the advice and tools to better service her customer base as well as teach sales techniques and provide recognition for sales performance.
We use a number of merchandising techniques, including promotional pricing for new products, combination offers, trial sizes and samples, and the promotion of products packaged as gift items. In most markets, for each sales campaign, we publish a distinctive brochure (whether paper or online), in which we introduce new products and special promotions on selected items or give particular prominence to a particular category.
Competitive Conditions
We face competition from various products and product lines. The beauty and beauty-related products industry is highly competitive and the number of competitors and degree of competition that we face in this industry varies widely from country to country. We compete against products sold to consumers in a number of distribution methods, including direct selling, through the Internet, and through the mass market retail and prestige retail channels.
Specifically, due to the nature of the direct-selling channel, we often compete on a country-by-country basis, with our direct-selling competitors. Unlike a typical CPG company which operates within a broad-based consumer pool, direct sellers compete for representative or entrepreneurial talent by providing a more competitive earnings opportunity or "better deal" than that offered by the competition as well as significant competition from other non-direct selling earnings opportunities for which the existing Representatives or potential Representatives could avail themselves. Providing a compelling earnings opportunity for the Representatives is as critical as developing and marketing new and innovative products. As a result, in contrast to a typical CPG company, we must first compete for a limited pool of Representatives before we reach the ultimate consumer.
Within the broader CPG industry, we principally compete against large and well-known cosmetics (color), fragrance and skincare companies that manufacture and sell broad product lines through various types of retail establishments and other channels, including through the Internet. In addition, we compete against many other companies that manufacture and sell more narrow beauty product lines sold through retail establishments and other channels, including through the Internet.
We also have many global branded and private label competitors in the accessories, apparel, housewares, and gift and decorative products industries, including retail establishments, principally department stores, mass merchandisers, gift shops and specialty retailers. Our principal competition in the fashion jewelry industry consists of a few large companies and many small companies that sell fashion jewelry through department stores, mass merchandisers, specialty retailers and e-commerce.
We believe that the personalized customer service offered by the Representatives; the Representatives’ earnings opportunity as well as the amount and type of field incentives we offer the Representatives on a market-by-market basis; the high quality, attractive designs and prices of our products; the high level of new and innovative products; our easily recognized brand name; and our guarantee of product satisfaction are significant factors in helping to establish and maintain our competitive position.
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International Operations
During 2021, our international operations, outside of the U.S., were conducted primarily through subsidiaries in 54 countries and territories. At December 31, 2021, this had reduced to 52 countries and territories. Outside of the U.S., our products were also distributed in 23 other countries and territories. In March 2016, we separated from our North America business, which had consisted of the Company's operations in the U.S., Canada and Puerto Rico; this business has been presented as discontinued operations for all periods presented. As a result, all of our consolidated revenue is derived from operations of subsidiaries outside of the U.S. During 2021, approximately 49% of our consolidated revenue was derived from Avon Latin America, and approximately 51% was derived from Avon International. Further, approximately 18% of our consolidated revenue during 2021 was derived from Brazil, which is our largest market and is included within the Avon Latin America reportable segment.
Our international operations are subject to risks inherent in conducting business abroad, including, but not limited to, the risk of adverse foreign currency fluctuations, foreign currency remittance restrictions, the ability to procure products, pandemic situations and unfavorable social, economic and political conditions.
See the sections "Risk Factors - Our ability to conduct business in our international markets may be affected by political, legal, tax and regulatory risks." and "Risk Factors - We are subject to financial risks as a result of our international operations, including exposure to foreign currency fluctuations and the impact of foreign currency restrictions." in Item 1A for more information.
Manufacturing and Sourcing
We manufacture and package the majority of our Beauty products, which are formulated and designed by our staff of chemists, designers and artists. Raw materials, consisting chiefly of essential oils, chemicals, containers and packaging components required for our Beauty products are purchased from a range of third-party suppliers. The remainder of our Beauty products and all of our Fashion & Home products are purchased from various third-party manufacturers.
Our products are affected by the cost and availability of materials such as glass, fragrance and fuel. For the vast majority of items we have more than one source of supply available. We believe that we can continue to obtain sufficient raw materials and supplies to manufacture and produce our Beauty products for the foreseeable future.
Additionally, we design the brochures (whether paper or online) that are used by the Representatives to sell our products. The brochures are then produced on our behalf by a range of printing suppliers.
The loss of any one supplier would not have a material impact on our ability to source raw materials for the majority of our Beauty products or source products for the remainder of our Beauty products and all of our Fashion & Home products or paper for the brochures.
See Item 2, Properties for additional information regarding the location of our principal manufacturing facilities.
Product Categories
Both of our product categories individually account for 10% or more of consolidated net sales in 2021. The following is the percentage of net sales by product category for the years ended December 31:
2021 | 2020 | 2019 | ||||||||||||||||||
Beauty | 74 | % | 74 | % | 74 | % | ||||||||||||||
Fashion & Home | 26 | % | 26 | % | 26 | % |
2021 and 2019 were impacted by certain indirect tax items in Brazil and is excluded from net sales in our calculation above. See Note 5: Revenue for more information.
Trademarks and Patents
Our business is not materially dependent on the existence of third-party patent, trademark or other third-party intellectual property rights, and we are not a party to any ongoing material licenses, franchises or concessions. We do seek to protect our key proprietary technologies by aggressively pursuing comprehensive patent coverage in major markets. We protect our Avon name and other major proprietary trademarks through registration of these trademarks in the relevant markets, monitoring the markets for infringement of such trademarks by others, and by taking appropriate steps to stop any infringing activities.
Seasonal Nature of Business
Our sales and earnings are typically affected by seasonal variations, a characteristic of many companies selling beauty, gift and
decorative products, apparel and fashion jewelry. For instance, our sales are generally highest during the fourth quarter due to
seasonal and holiday-related patterns. However, the sales volume of holiday gift items is, by its nature, difficult to forecast, and
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taken as a whole, seasonality does not have a material impact on our financial results.
Research and Product Development Activities
New products are essential to growth in the highly competitive cosmetics industry. Our research and development ("R&D") department’s efforts are vital to developing new products, including formulating high performing beauty products relevant to women’s needs, and improving existing products. As part of our Open Up & Grow strategy and to improve our brand competitiveness, we are focusing on developing breakthrough new technology and product innovation to deliver accessible Beauty products that provide visible consumer benefits while also delivering the Company’s ambitious sustainability goals. R&D also works extensively with third party companies to bring in new ideas, help accelerate development time and deliver against local market trends.
Our global R&D innovation center is located in Suffern, NY. There is a team of expert scientists, researchers and technicians applying the disciplines of science to developing and bringing products to market around the world. Relationships with dermatologists, scientists and other specialists enhance our ability to deliver new formulas and ingredients to market. Additionally, we have R&D centers located in Brazil, China, Mexico, the Philippines, Poland, South Africa and the UK.
The amounts incurred on research activities relating to the development of new products and the improvement of existing products were $39.3 in 2021, $36.5 in 2020 and $40.6 in 2019. This research included the activities of product research and development and package design and development. Most of these activities were related to the design and development of Beauty products.
Environmental Matters
Compliance with environmental laws and regulations impacting our global operations has not had, and currently is not anticipated to have, a material adverse effect on our financial position, capital expenditures or competitive position. As part of the Natura &Co group, we are now in the process of working towards our B Corp accreditation; which we aim to achieve by 2023.
Human Capital Resources
At December 31, 2021, Avon employed approximately 18,000 employees. Of these, approximately 170 were employed in the U.S.. In Avon International Females constituted approximately 66% of our workforce and 62% of our managerial employees and in Avon Latin America Females constituted approximately 58% of our workforce and 57% of our managerial employees.
At Avon, we’re the company that puts purpose, people and relationships at the heart of everything we do. As part of the Natura &Co family, we’re committed to being the best beauty company for the world by generating a positive environmental, economic and social impact for our communities across the globe.
We believe beauty is for everyone and that it’s beautiful to be you. We celebrate our differences, champion self-expression and are committed to inclusion for all. We embrace diversity and individuality to build a culture that represents our communities and enables everyone to bring their best self to work. Our Avon Expectations for all Associates and Management clearly outline a minimum standard for appropriate behaviour. Our employee resource groups enable Associates to have a safe space for learning, honest conversations, coaching and hold the business to account – highlighting areas for improvement and providing feedback on policy and decision-making.
Natura &Co’s Commitment to Life agenda has set out our bold targets for the next decade to step up our actions and tackle some of the world’s most pressing issues. At Avon we are committed to protecting human rights and being humankind. Our aim is to close the gender pay equity gap by 2023 ensuring that associates who perform the same role in the same location with the same responsibilities, experience and performance should be paid equally whatever their gender is. We also commit to 50% of women in senior management roles, which we are currently meeting. We are also committed to paying living wage or above to all our employees by 2023.
Lastly, we are working towards 30% inclusion, in management, of under-represented groups – racial or ethnic, sexual diversity and gender identity (LGBTI), socio economically disadvantaged, physical or mental disability. While this is a longer-term goal we have taken steps to ensure we are able to capture our first Associate Diversity and Inclusion demographic survey in Q1 2022 which will give us our first baseline. We also piloted a neurodiversity hiring scheme, partnering with the National Autistic Society UK which will continue with amplification in 2022.
We have remained focused on protecting our employees, our subcontractors and our customers through the continued Covid pandemic . These protocols include temporarily closing offices, significantly expanding the use of virtual interactions in all aspects of our business, including customer facing activities and for front line workers, social distancing measures enforced in
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all operations consistently since the beginning of the pandemic, including reconfiguring work spaces where possible and delineating paths, entrances, and exits in factories and warehouses and enhanced cleaning protocols.
We have used our experience of working in different ways to re think work place flexibility and have moved to a hybrid way of work, where possible, with our employees working 2 to 3 days a week in the office. This has allowed us to further deliver on part of our Employee Value Proposition – “In a way that works for you”.
Avon International
In 2021, we continued focus on our Employee Value Proposition - ‘The beauty of doing good’, tracking progress every 6 months through our employee engagement survey, Glint. Developments over the last year include enhancing people manager capability through skill building and training, embedding a culture of feedback supported by renewed feedback functionality and supporting development through the launch of a new mentoring scheme. We have also continued to have a strong focus on building meaningful careers and saw great success through the running of our first virtual careers festival. This included 65 session of learning content, 3493 people signing up for the festival and each person spending an average of 6 hours at the event. This virtual event enabled people to create a tailored event schedule and helped to bring our global community together during a tough time of lockdowns and restrictions to focus on themselves and their development.
There has also been a strong focus on internal moves of talent with 44% of new roles in 2021 being filled by internal hires equating to 621 moves within Avon International. We are also starting to see movement across the Natura &Co. Group with Avon having exported the most talent into other brands.
We have continued to invest in building leaders at all levels of the organization The “Leading with Heart” program for first -time people managers covers key concepts critical to being an effective and compassionate leader. Through the “Leading with Purpose” program, participants learn how to leverage their personal strengths while maximizing impact as senior leaders. We have invested in executive coaching for leaders stepping up into critical leadership roles and continue to support leadership teams with ongoing team development support.
We are really pleased that despite a year of people challenges, we have made progress against these key areas of focus. This has been reflected in our Glint scores, Feedback score up by 5 points, Manager up 4, Career up 2, Growth up 2, Equal Opportunity up 3. With continued focus across these areas, we hope to see these scores increasing further over the next year.
Avon Latin America
In 2021, the focus of Glint, was promoting a culture of continuous listening and ensuring actions are taken to increase engagement. We now have 2 surveys a year so we can get feedback on recent experiences and managers can take action through actionable insights.
There was a strong focus on internal movements of talent in managerial positions and above, with 66% of new roles in 2021 being filled by internal hires. We have launched in 2021 the program “Paths to Leadership” to invest in building leaders at all levels of the organization. It is focused on developing competences to help the leaders in the new group structure with Natura &Co, and to maximize synergies. We have invested in executive coaching for leaders stepping up into critical leadership roles and continue to support leadership teams with ongoing team development support.
Transformation Plan, Open Up & Grow and Avon Integration
In January 2016, we announced a transformation plan (the "Transformation Plan") which was completed in 2018. In September 2018, we initiated a new strategy to return Avon to growth ("Open Up Avon"). In May 2020, the new leadership of Avon International refreshed our strategy ("Open Up & Grow") which aims to return Avon International to growth over the next three years.
In addition, subsequent to the merger of Natura and Avon in January 2020, an integration plan (the "Avon Integration") was established to create the right global infrastructure to support the future vision of the Natura &Co Group, while also identifying synergies primarily between Avon LATAM and Natura &Co Latin America.
See "Overview" within MD&A for more information on these items.
Acquisitions and Dispositions
In December 2015, we entered into definitive agreements with affiliates of Cerberus, which included the separation of the North America business from Avon into New Avon, a privately-held company that is majority-owned and managed by an affiliate of Cerberus. Avon retained approximately 20% ownership in New Avon. These transactions closed in March 2016. In August 2019 we and Cerberus finalized the sale of our respective interests in New Avon to LG Household & Health Care Ltd.
In May 2019 we and Natura Cosméticos, a Brazilian corporation entered into the Merger Agreement, pursuant to which the Company and Natura Cosméticos were acquired by and became wholly-owned subsidiaries of Natura &Co Holding, S.A.
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("Natura &Co" or "Natura &Co Holding") in January 2020. With the completion of this transaction, our common stock was removed from trading on the NYSE, and we became a privately held company.
During 2021, 2020 and 2019, we disposed of businesses and assets as part of the Open up Avon strategy and later the Open Up & Grow strategy. In February, May and June 2019, we completed the sale of Avon Manufacturing (Guangzhou), Ltd, Maximin Corporation Sdn Bhd ("Malaysia Maximin") and the Rye office, respectively. In April and August 2020, we completed the sale of the Hungary distribution center and the China Wellness Plant, respectively. In June, September, November and December 2021, we completed the sale of a branch of our Italian business, the Spanish distribution center, the manufacturing business in India and the business in Saudi Arabia, respectively.
On July 1, 2021, the Company sold Avon Luxembourg, including our Mexican business, to a subsidiary of Natura &Co Holding for $150, with the proceeds used to repay maturing loans of $150 borrowed under the $250 Revolving Credit Facility with a subsidiary of Natura &Co Holding.
Refer to Note 3, Discontinued Operations and Assets and Liabilities Held for Sale to the Consolidated Financial Statements included herein, for additional information.
Ongoing military conflict between Ukraine and Russia
On February 24, 2022, Russia launched a military invasion of Ukraine. The ongoing military conflict between Russia and Ukraine has provoked strong reactions from the United States, the UK, the European Union (the “EU”) and various other countries around the world, including the imposition of broad financial and economic sanctions against Russia.
As a result of the ongoing military conflict in Ukraine, our Ukraine operations are currently suspended for an indeterminate period.
Our Russian factory supplies our business not just in Russia but in Eastern Europe as well. [We are considering shifting production to Poland to supply these markets as necessary. However, shifting production away from our Russian factory entails short-term costs and could also result in more long-term increases in our costs of production which we may not be able to pass on to our customers] In addition, certain suppliers of raw ingredients and components to our Russian factory and of finished products to our Russian business may require us to take additional measures in order to continue supplying our Russian operations. Failure on our part to provide for such additional measures could impair the functioning of our Russian factory and could also result in disruptions in supply to our Eastern European operations or our inability to source certain finished products to sell to customers in Russia. Any of these developments could have a material adverse effect on our wider Eastern European business.
Furthermore, the Russian ruble has depreciated significantly against the U.S. dollar in 2022 and is expected to continue to depreciate in the coming months as a result of the conflict. The same applies to the Ukrainian hryvnia. We expect that these depreciations, and in particular that of the Russian ruble given the scale of our operations in Russia, will have a material adverse effect on our results of operations and financial condition in these countries [as well as a resulting material adverse effect on our consolidated results of operations and financial condition].
While the precise effects of the ongoing military conflict and these sanctions on the Russian and global economies remain uncertain, they have already resulted in significant volatility in financial markets as well as in an increase in energy and commodity prices globally. Should the conflict continue or escalate, markets may face various economic and security consequences including, but not limited to, supply shortages of different kinds, further increases in prices of commodities, including piped gas, oil and agricultural goods, significant disruptions in logistics infrastructure, telecommunications services, the risk of unavailability of information technology systems and infrastructure, among others, given that Russia and Ukraine are significant exporters of commodities. The resulting impacts on financial markets, inflation, interest rates, unemployment and other matters could disrupt the global economy’s ongoing recovery following the COVID-19 pandemic. Other potential consequences include, but are not limited to, growth in the number of popular uprisings in the region, increased political discontent, especially in the regions most affected by the conflict or economic sanctions, increase in cyberterrorism activities and attacks, displacement of persons to regions close to the areas of conflict and an increase in the number of refugees fleeing across Europe, among other unforeseen social and humanitarian effects.
See also “Item 1A. Risk Factors—Risks Related to Our International Operations— Our ability to conduct business in our international markets may be affected by economic, political, legal, tax and regulatory risks” and “Item 1A. Risk Factors—Risks Related to Our International Operations—The ongoing military conflict between Ukraine and Russia may have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.”
Website Access to Reports
Our filings with the SEC, including reports, proxy and information statements, and other information regarding the Company are available on the SEC’s website at www.sec.gov free of charge as soon as reasonably practicable after we have filed or furnished the above-referenced reports.
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ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS
You should carefully consider each of the following risks and all of the other information in our Consolidated Financial Statements and Notes thereto contained herein. Our business may also be adversely affected by risks and uncertainties not presently known to us or that we currently believe to be immaterial. If any of the events contemplated by the following discussion of risks should occur, our business, prospects, financial condition, liquidity, results of operations and cash flows may be materially adversely affected.
Summary of Risk Factors
The following is a summary of the risk factors our business faces. The list below is not exhaustive, and investors should read this “Risk Factors” section in full. Some of the risks we face include:
Summary of Risks Related to COVID-19
•The COVID-19 pandemic is adversely affecting, and is expected to continue to adversely affect, our operations, manufacturing, supply chains and distribution systems, and we have experienced and expect to continue to experience unpredictable negative effects associated with the pandemic. If the COVID-19 pandemic continues to adversely affect the global economy and/or adversely affect our business, financial condition, liquidity or results of operations, it may also increase the likelihood and/or magnitude of other risks described in this “Risk Factors” section.
Summary of Risks Related to the Transaction
•The expected benefits from integrating our operations with Natura &Co’s operations may not be achieved. Even if our respective operations are successfully integrated, we may not realize the full benefits of the Transaction, within the expected time frame, if at all.
•Third parties may alter existing contracts or relationships with us as a result of the Transaction. Any loss or distraction of our customers, employees, Representatives, suppliers, vendors, distributors, landlords, lenders, licensors, joint venture partners and other business partners, could have a material adverse effect on our business.
Summary of Risks Related to Our Business Strategy
•Our ability to improve our financial and operational performance and implement our global business strategy is dependent upon a number of factors, and there can be no assurance if and when any of these initiatives will be successfully and fully executed or completed.
•We may experience difficulties, delays or unexpected costs in completing Open Up & Grow and Avon Integration and any other restructuring and cost-saving initiatives, including achieving any anticipated savings and benefits. If we are unable to realize these savings or benefits, or otherwise fail to invest in the growth initiatives, our business may be adversely affected.
•There can be no assurance that we will be able to improve revenue, margins and net income, or achieve profitable growth in the future, particularly in our largest markets and developing and emerging markets, such as Brazil, Mexico and Russia. We cannot assure that our broad-based geographic portfolio will be able to withstand an economic downturn, recession, cost or wage inflation, commodity cost pressures, economic or political instability, competitive pressures or other market pressures in one or more particular regions.
Summary of Risks Related to Our Business Model
•We face intense competition and can make no assurances about our ability to overcome our competitive challenges. If our advertising, promotional, merchandising or other marketing strategies are not successful, if we are unable to improve our product mix and offer new products that represent technological breakthroughs and are aligned with local preferences, if we do not successfully manage the timing of new product introductions or the profitability of these efforts, if we are unable to improve the Representative experience, or if for other reasons the Representatives or end customers perceive competitors’ products as having greater appeal, then our sales, results of operations and cash flows will be adversely affected.
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•Third-party suppliers provide, among other things, the raw materials required for our Beauty products. The loss of these suppliers, a supplier’s inability to supply a raw material or a finished product or a disruption or interruption in the supply chain may adversely affect our business. We may be adversely affected by (i) fire, natural disasters, disease outbreaks or pandemics, such as COVID-19, shortages of goods, services or labor, delays in obtaining key supplies, strikes and stoppages, power shortages, failures in the systems, forest fires and deforestation, among others, where we are unable to otherwise service the affected region, (ii) significant disruptions in logistics infrastructure, and (iii) fluctuating fuel prices within our distribution network.
Summary of Risks Related to Our International Operations
•We are subject to financial risks as a result of our international operations, including exposure to foreign currency fluctuations and the impact of foreign currency restrictions. There can be no assurance that foreign currency fluctuations and restrictions will not have a material adverse effect on our business, assets, financial condition, liquidity, results of operations or cash flows.
•The ongoing military conflict between Ukraine and Russia has resulted in the interruption of our operations in Ukraine for an indeterminate period and we cannot assure you that our business in Russia will not be interrupted as well. In addition, the ongoing military conflict between Ukraine and Russia has provoked strong reactions from the United States, the UK, the EU and various other countries around the world, including the imposition of severe financial and economic sanctions on Russia which could have a material adverse effect on our business in that country. Furthermore, while the precise effect of the ongoing military conflict and the sanctions on the Russian and global economies remains uncertain, should tensions continue to increase, financial markets may continue to experience significant volatility as well as economic and security consequences including, but not limited to, supply shortages of different kinds, increases in prices of commodities, including piped gas, oil and agricultural goods, significant disruptions in logistics infrastructure, telecommunications services, the risk of unavailability of information technology systems and infrastructure, among others.
•Our ability to conduct business in our international markets may be affected by economic, political, legal, tax and regulatory risks. In the event that any jurisdiction in which we operate or plan to operate imposes any new laws, regulations, restrictions and/or other barriers to entry, our ability to expand may be limited and our growth and development may be adversely affected.
Summary of Risks Related to IT and Cybersecurity Matters
•A failure, disruption, cyberattack, other breach in the security of an IT system or infrastructure that we utilize could adversely affect our business and reputation and increase our costs. Our and our third-party service providers’ data, IT systems and infrastructure may be vulnerable.
•Unauthorized disclosure of sensitive or confidential Representative or customer information or our failure or the perception by our Representatives or customers that we failed to comply with privacy laws or properly address privacy concerns could materially harm our business and standing with our Representatives and customers. We cannot provide assurance that our security measures will prevent further security breaches.
Summary of Risks Related to Financial Matters
•Our credit ratings are below investment grade, which could limit our access to financing, affect the market price of our financing and increase financing costs. A downgrade in our credit ratings may adversely affect our access to liquidity.
•We may not effectively manage risks associated with the replacement of benchmark indices. Interest rates on our financial instruments tied to benchmark rates, as well as the expenses associated with those financial instruments, may be adversely affected.
Summary of Risks Related to Legal Matters
•We are involved, and may become involved in the future, in legal proceedings that, if adversely adjudicated or settled, could adversely affect our financial results.
•Government reviews, inquiries, investigations, and actions could harm our business or reputation. In addition, from time to time, we may conduct other investigations and reviews, the consequences of which could negatively impact our business or reputation.
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Summary of General Risk Factors
•A general economic downturn, a recession globally or in one or more of our geographic regions or markets or sudden disruption in business conditions or other challenges may adversely affect our business, our access to liquidity and capital, and our credit ratings.
•Our success depends, in part, on our key personnel. We may not be able to attract, assimilate, develop or retain qualified personnel in the future, and our failure to do so could adversely affect our business, including the execution of our global business strategy.
Risks Related to COVID-19
The COVID-19 pandemic is adversely affecting, and is expected to continue to adversely affect, our operations, manufacturing, supply chains and distribution systems, and we have experienced and expect to continue to experience unpredictable negative effects associated with the pandemic.
Public health officials worldwide have recommended and mandated precautions to mitigate the spread of COVID-19, including restrictions on manufacturing, distribution, and congregating in heavily populated areas and shelter-in-place orders or similar measures. As a result, manufacturing and distribution of our products may be negatively impacted . Our suppliers have been similarly impacted by disruptions in global supply chains and climate events that hit electricity generation globally, among other events, which further affect our ability to produce and distribute. Distribution has also been impacted by certain restrictions on import and export in various countries and such restrictions may continue in the future. These restrictions have contributed to inflationary pressures in the cost of certain raw materials used in the production of essential items due to the increased demand for these inputs worldwide, which may affect our ability to procure such raw materials at similar prices as we have prior to the COVID-19 pandemic. The pandemic has also led to challenges in recruiting Representatives, and enrollment of Representatives will likely occur at a slower pace. Additionally, there is a general risk that our employees or other workers could be exposed to the virus and that an incident of infection at one of our sites could result in “lock-down” measures for the whole site that could negatively impact our business.
Our results will continue to be adversely impacted by these public health restrictions and other actions taken to contain or mitigate the impact of COVID-19. Although there have been certain improvements in the restrictive measures being adopted to contain the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic, there is still considerable uncertainty as to whether future restrictions might be required or enforced by the authorities in the future. In particular, new variants of the virus have emerged against which existing vaccines and acquired immunity may not be effective. The extent of the continued impact of COVID-19 on our operational and financial performance will depend on certain developments, including the duration and spread of the outbreak and its impact on our Representatives, suppliers and employees, all of which are uncertain and cannot be predicted. COVID-19 also poses risks that our employees, contractors, suppliers, customers and other business partners may be prevented from conducting business activities for an indefinite period of time, including current or future shutdowns that may be requested or mandated by governmental authorities and could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations, financial condition and liquidity going forward. Furthermore, to the extent the COVID-19 pandemic adversely affects our business, results of operations, financial condition and liquidity, it may also have the effect of heightening many of the other risks to which we are exposed, such as those relating to our high level of indebtedness and our need to generate sufficient cash flows to service our indebtedness.
We expect some negative impact on revenue and profits from COVID-19 to continue in 2022, given the emergence of novel strains and variants across the world as well as continuing difficulties in the rollout of vaccination programs worldwide, which will, in turn, result in lower cash generation from and greater costs in our activities. If the downturn is deeper or for longer than we anticipate, the Company could take certain further actions to ease the pressure of certain cash outflows, such as reducing discretionary expenditure, selling non-core assets, accessing government pandemic initiatives or arranging borrowing facilities with third-party banks and affiliate companies. Our projections indicate that we should have sufficient liquidity to meet our obligations to parties other than Natura &Co and its affiliates for a period of not less than 12 months from the date of issuance of the Consolidated Financial Statements contained herein. The Company has received an irrevocable commitment from Natura &Co Holding that it will provide sufficient financial support if and when needed to enable the Company to meet its obligations as they come due in the normal course of business for a period of not less than 12 months from the date of issuance of the Consolidated Financial Statements contained herein. For further information see Note 1, Accounting Policies, to the Consolidated Financial Statements included herein.
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There is uncertainty around the duration and breadth of the COVID-19 pandemic and the response to it. As a result the ultimate impact on our business, financial condition or operating results cannot be reasonably estimated at this time. While we expect the impacts of COVID-19 to continue to have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations, we are unable to predict the extent or precise nature of these impacts at this time. If the pandemic or the resulting economic downturn continues to worsen, we could experience loss of business, which could have a material impact on our financial position and cash flows.
In addition, in the future, other regional and / or global outbreaks of communicable diseases may occur. If they occur, the effects that the Company will suffer may be similar or even greater than the effects it is suffering as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic.
If the COVID-19 pandemic continues to adversely affect the global economy and/or adversely affect our business, financial condition, liquidity or results of operations, it may also increase the likelihood and/or magnitude of other risks described in this “Risk Factors” section.
Risks Related to the Transaction
Now that the Transaction has been consummated, the expected benefits from integrating our operations with Natura & Co's operations may not be achieved.
The success of the Transaction depends, in part, on the ability of Natura &Co and its subsidiaries and businesses other than Avon (including Natura Cosméticos, Aesop, The Body Shop and their respective subsidiaries) and Avon to realize the expected benefits from integrating their respective operations. No assurance can be given that Natura &Co and Avon will be able to integrate their respective operations without encountering difficulties, which may include, among other things, the loss of key employees, diversion of management attention, the disruption of our respective ongoing businesses or possible inconsistencies in standards, procedures and policies. Additionally, Natura &Co and Avon may be required to make unanticipated capital expenditures or investments in order to maintain, integrate, improve or sustain our operations. Integrating our respective operations may involve additional unanticipated costs and financial risks, such as the incurrence of unexpected write-offs, the possible effect of adverse tax and accounting treatments and unanticipated or unknown liabilities relating to Natura &Co or Avon. All of these factors could decrease or delay the expected accretive effect of the Transaction.
Even if our respective operations are successfully integrated, we may not realize the full benefits of the Transaction, including the synergies, cost savings and growth opportunities, within the expected time frame, if at all. Natura &Co and Avon continue to evaluate the estimates of synergies to be realized from the Transaction. However, the actual cost savings, the costs required to realize the cost savings and the source of the cost savings could differ materially from the estimates of Natura &Co and Avon.
Further, Natura &Co and Avon may not achieve the targeted operating or long-term strategic benefits of the Transaction. In addition, Natura &Co and Avon may not accelerate growth by increasing investments in digital, product innovation and brand initiatives. If Natura &Co and Avon are unable to achieve the objectives, or are not able to achieve our objectives on a timely basis, the anticipated benefits of the Transaction may not be realized fully or at all. An inability to realize the full extent of, or any of, the anticipated benefits of the Transaction could have an adverse effect on the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of Natura &Co and Avon and could limit Natura &Co’s and Avon’s ability to achieve the anticipated benefits of the Transaction.
In addition, the COVID-19 pandemic has created significant volatility, uncertainty and economic disruption, which may adversely affect the Natura &Co and Avon integration plans and may materially and adversely affect our results of operations, cash flows and financial position. For further information regarding the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on our operations, please also see "Item 1A. Risk Factors—The COVID-19 pandemic is adversely affecting, and is expected to continue to adversely affect, our operations, manufacturing, supply chains and distribution systems, and we have experienced and expect to continue to experience unpredictable negative effects associated with the pandemic.
Third parties may alter existing contracts or relationships with us as a result of the Transaction.
We have contracts with customers, employees, Representatives, suppliers, vendors, distributors, landlords, lenders, licensors, joint venture partners and other business partners. As a result of the Transaction, parties with which we have business and operational relationships may experience uncertainty as to the future of such relationships and may delay or defer certain
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business decisions, seek alternative relationships with third parties or seek to alter their present business relationships with us. Further, parties with whom we otherwise may have sought to establish business relationships may seek alternative relationships with third parties.
In addition, current and prospective employees and Representatives may experience uncertainty about their roles now that the Transaction has been consummated and such uncertainty may have an effect on our corporate culture. There can be no assurance we will be able to attract and retain key talent, including senior leaders, to the same extent that we have previously been able to attract and retain employees and sales representatives. Any loss or distraction of our customers, employees, Representatives, suppliers, vendors, distributors, landlords, lenders, licensors, joint venture partners and other business partners, could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, operating results and cash flows and could limit our ability to achieve the anticipated benefits of the Transaction.
The combined company may not realize the cost savings, synergies and other benefits that the parties expect to achieve from the Transaction.
The combination of two independent companies is a complex, costly and time-consuming process. As a result, the combined company will be required to devote significant management attention and resources to integrating the business practices and operations of Natura &Co and Avon. The integration process may disrupt the business of either or both of the companies and, if implemented ineffectively, could preclude realization of the full benefits expected by Natura &Co and Avon from the Transaction. The failure of the combined company to meet the challenges involved in successfully integrating the operations of Natura &Co and Avon or otherwise to realize the anticipated benefits of the Transaction could cause an interruption of the activities of the combined company and could seriously harm its results of operations. In addition, the overall integration of the two companies may result in material unanticipated problems, expenses, liabilities, competitive responses, loss of client relationships and diversion of management’s attention, and may cause the combined company’s share price to decline. The difficulties of combining the operations of the companies include, among others:
• coordinating geographically separate organizations;
• the potential diversion of management focus and resources from other strategic opportunities and from operational matters;
• aligning and executing the strategy of the combined company;
• retaining existing independent beauty consultants and Sales Representatives and attracting new independent beauty consultants and Sales Representatives;
• retaining existing customers and attracting new customers;
• maintaining employee morale and retaining key management and other employees;
• integrating two unique business cultures, which may prove to be incompatible;
• the possibility of faulty assumptions underlying expectations regarding the integration process;
• consolidating corporate and administrative infrastructures and eliminating duplicative operations;
• coordinating distribution and marketing efforts;
• integrating information technology, communications and other systems;
• changes in applicable laws and regulations;
• managing tax costs or inefficiencies associated with integrating the operations of the combined company;
• unforeseen expenses or delays associated with the Transaction; and
• taking actions that may be required in connection with obtaining regulatory approvals.
Many of these factors are out of the combined company’s control and any one of them could result in increased costs, decreased revenues and diversion of management’s time and energy, which could materially affect the combined company’s business, financial condition and results of operations. In addition, even if the operations of Natura &Co and Avon are integrated successfully, the combined company may not realize the full benefits of the Transaction, including the synergies, cost savings or sales or growth opportunities that Natura &Co and Avon expect. These benefits may not be achieved within the anticipated time frame, or at all. As a result, we cannot assure you that the combination of Natura &Co and Avon will result in the realization of the full benefits anticipated from the Transaction.
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The financial analyses and projections considered by Natura &Co and Avon prior to the Transaction may not be realized.
The financial analyses and projections considered by Natura &Co and Avon prior to the Transaction reflected numerous estimates and assumptions that were inherently uncertain with respect to industry performance and competition, general business, economic, market and financial conditions and matters specific to Natura &Co’s and Avon’s businesses, including the factors entitled “Forward-Looking Statements” and/or entitled “Item 3. Key Information—D. Risk Factors,” all of which are difficult to predict and many of which are beyond Natura &Co’s and Avon’s control. There can be no assurance that the financial analyses and projections considered by Natura &Co and Avon will be realized or that actual results will not materially vary from such financial analyses and projections. In addition, since the financial projections cover multiple years, such information by its nature becomes less predictive with each successive year.
The consummation of the Transaction limits our ability to utilize existing US tax credits and also could be further reduced pursuant to Sections 382 and 383 of the Code if an additional ownership change occurs in the future.
As of December 31, 2019, we had approximately $660 million of foreign tax and other credits available to offset future income for U.S. federal tax purposes. As a result of the ownership change resulting from the Transaction the ability to use these credits has been limited to a range of approximately $108 to $178 million. Our ability to utilize such credits to offset future income could be further limited, however, if the Company undergoes an additional “ownership change” within the meaning of Section 382 of the Code. In general, an ownership change will occur if there is a cumulative increase in ownership of our stock by 5% shareholders (as defined in the Code) that exceeds 50 percentage points over a rolling three-year period. If the 50 percentage points are exceeded, Section 382 establishes an annual limitation on the amount of deferred tax assets attributable to previously incurred credits that may be used to offset taxable income in future years. A number of complex rules apply in calculating this limitation, and any such limitation would depend in part on the market value of the Company at the time of the ownership change and prevailing interest rates at the time of calculation. As a result, the magnitude of any potential limitation on the use of our deferred tax assets and the effect of such limitation on the Company if an ownership change were to occur is difficult to assess. However, if all or a portion of our deferred tax assets were to become subject to this limitation, our tax liability could increase significantly and our future results of operations and cash flows could be adversely impacted. Prospectively if we were to undergo a further ownership change these remaining credits could be further reduced.
Risks Related to Our Business Strategy
Our success depends on our ability to improve our financial and operational performance and execute fully our global business strategy.
Our ability to improve our financial and operational performance and implement the key initiatives of our global business strategy is dependent upon a number of factors, including our ability to:
•implement Open Up & Grow and Avon Integration stabilization strategies, cost savings initiatives, restructuring and other initiatives, and achieve anticipated savings and benefits from such programs and initiatives;
•reverse declines in our market share and strengthen our brand image;
•implement appropriate pricing strategies and product mix that are more aligned with the preferences of local markets and achieve anticipated benefits from these strategies;
•reduce costs and effectively manage our cost structure, particularly selling, general and administrative (“SG&A”) expenses;
•improve our business in the markets where we operate, including through improving field health;
•execute investments in information technology (“IT”) infrastructure and realize efficiencies across our supply chain, marketing processes, sales model and organizational structure;
•implement and continue to innovate our digital strategies, Internet platform, technology strategies and customer service initiatives, including our ability to offer a more compelling social selling experience and the roll-out of e-commerce in certain markets, especially where innovative platforms and technologies may lead to a disruption of our operations, both online and offline;
•effectively manage our outsourcing activities;
•improve our marketing and advertising, including our brochures and our social media presence;
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•improve working capital, effectively manage inventory and implement initiatives to reduce inventory levels, including through our recent structural reset of inventory processes, and the potential impact on cash flows and obsolescence;
•secure financing at attractive rates, maintain appropriate capital investment, capital structure and cash flow levels and implement cash management, tax, foreign currency hedging and risk management strategies;
•reverse declines in Active Representatives and Representative satisfaction by successfully reducing campaign complexity and enhancing our sales leadership program, the Representative experience, retention and earnings potential, along with improving our brand image;
•increase the productivity of Representatives through successful implementation of segmentation, field activation programs and technology tools and enablers and other investments in the direct-selling channel;
•improve management of our businesses in developing markets, including improving local IT resources and management of local supply chains;
•increase the number of consumers served per Representative and their engagement online, as well as to reach new consumers through a combination of new brands, new businesses, new channels and pursuit of strategic opportunities such as joint ventures and alliances with other companies; and
•estimate and achieve any financial projections concerning, for example, customer demand, future revenue, profit, cash flow, and operating margin increases and maintain an effective internal control environment as a result of any challenges associated with the implementation of our various plans, strategies and initiatives.
There can be no assurance if and when any of these initiatives will be successfully and fully executed or completed.
We may experience financial and strategic difficulties and delays or unexpected costs in completing Open Up & Grow and Avon Integration and any other restructuring and cost-saving initiatives, including achieving any anticipated savings and benefits of these initiatives.
Subsequent to the merger of Natura and Avon in January 2020, an integration plan (the "Avon Integration") was established to create the right global infrastructure to support the future ambitions of the Natura &Co Group while also identifying synergies and opportunities to leverage our combined strength, scale and reach. Synergies will be derived mainly from procurement, manufacturing/distribution and administrative, as well as top line synergies, primarily between Avon LATAM and Natura &Co Latin America.
In September 2018, we initiated a new strategy in order to return Avon to growth ("Open Up Avon"). The Open Up Avon strategy is integral to our ability to return Avon to growth, built around the necessity of incorporating new approaches to various elements of our business, including increased utilization of third-party providers in manufacturing and technology, seeking a better fit for purpose asset base, and an increased focus on enabling our Representatives to more easily interact with the company and achieve relevant earnings. These savings have been and are expected to continue to be achieved through restructuring actions (that have resulted, and may continue to result, in charges related to severance, contract terminations and inventory and other asset write-offs), as well as other cost-savings strategies that would not result in restructuring charges. In January 2019, we announced significant advancements in this strategy, including a structural reset of inventory processes and a reduction in global workforce.
In May 2020, the new leadership of Avon International refreshed our strategy ("Open Up & Grow") which aims to return Avon International to growth over the next three years. Open Up & Grow replaces and builds on the success of the 2018 Open Up Avon strategy in order to strengthen competitiveness through enhancing the representative experience, improving brand position and relevance, accelerating digital expansion and improving costs. Over the next three years, savings are expected to continue to be achieved through restructuring actions (that may continue to result in charges related to severance, contract terminations and asset write-offs), as well as other cost-savings strategies that would not result in restructuring charges.
As we work to right-size our cost structure, we may not realize anticipated savings or benefits from one or more of the various restructuring and cost-saving initiatives we may undertake as part of these efforts in full or in part or within the time periods we expect. Other events and circumstances, such as financial and strategic difficulties and delays or unexpected costs, including the impact of foreign currency and inflationary pressures, may occur which could result in our not realizing our targets or in offsetting the financial benefits of reaching those targets. If we are unable to realize these savings or benefits, or otherwise fail to invest in the growth initiatives, our business may be adversely affected. In addition, any plans to invest these savings and benefits ahead of future growth means that such costs will be incurred whether or not we realize these savings and benefits. We are also subject to the risks of labor unrest, negative publicity and business disruption in connection with these initiatives, and the failure to realize anticipated savings or benefits from such initiatives could have a material adverse effect on our business, prospects, financial condition, liquidity, results of operations and cash flows.
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There can be no assurance that we will be able to improve revenue, margins and net income or achieve profitable growth.
There can be no assurance that we will be able to improve revenue, margins and net income, or achieve profitable growth in the future, particularly in our largest markets and developing and emerging markets, such as Brazil, Mexico and Russia. Our revenue in 2021 was $3,404.5 million, compared with $3,625.2 million in 2020, and $4,763.2 million in 2019. Improving revenue, margins and net income and achieving profitable growth will depend on our ability to improve financial and operational performance and execute our global business strategy, and there can be no assurance that we will be able to achieve these goals. Our ability to improve could be hindered by competing business priorities and projects.
To improve revenue, margins and net income and achieve profitable growth, we also need to successfully implement certain initiatives, including Open Up & Grow and Avon Integration, and there can be no assurance that we will be able to do so. Our achievement of profitable growth is also subject to the strengths and weaknesses of our individual international markets, which are or may be impacted by global economic conditions. We cannot assure that our broad-based geographic portfolio will be able to withstand an economic downturn, recession, cost or wage inflation, commodity cost pressures, economic or political instability (including fluctuations in foreign exchange rates), competitive pressures or other market pressures in one or more particular regions.
Failure to improve revenue, margins and net income and to achieve profitable growth could have a material adverse effect on our business, prospects, financial condition, liquidity, results of operations and cash flows.
Our business is conducted primarily in one channel, direct selling, and our inability to retain our Representatives may materially adversely affect us
Our business is conducted primarily in the direct-selling channel. Sales are made to the ultimate consumer principally through direct selling by Representatives, who are independent contractors and not our employees. As of December 31, 2021, we had an average of approximately 4 million Active Representatives, which represents the number of Representatives submitting an order in a sales campaign, totaled for all campaigns during the year and then divided by the number of campaigns. There is a high rate of turnover among Representatives, which is a common characteristic of the direct-selling business. In order to reverse losses of Representatives and grow our business in the future, we need to recruit, retain and service Representatives on a continuing basis. Among other things, we need to create attractive Representative earning opportunities and transform the value chain, restore field health and sales force effectiveness, successfully implement other initiatives in the direct-selling channel, with a strategy to expand to omnichannel successfully execute our digital strategy, including e-commerce, improve our brochure and product offerings and improve our marketing and advertising. If we are unable to constantly update our product portfolio, our ability to retain our representatives could be materially adversely affected. There can be no assurance that we will be able to achieve these objectives.
Our direct-selling model contains an inherent risk of bad debt associated with providing Representatives with credit, which is exacerbated if the financial condition of the Representatives deteriorates. Additionally, consumer purchasing habits, including reducing purchases of beauty and related products generally, or reducing purchases from Representatives through direct selling by buying beauty and related products in other channels such as retail, could reduce our sales, impact our ability to execute our global business strategy or have a material adverse effect on our business, prospects, financial condition, liquidity, results of operations and cash flows. Additionally, if we lose market share in the direct-selling channel, our business, prospects, financial condition, liquidity, results of operations and cash flows may be adversely affected.
Furthermore, if any government or regulatory body such as Brazil or the European Union, bans or severely restricts our business methods or operational/commercial model of direct selling, our business, prospects, financial condition, liquidity, results of operations and cash flows may be materially adversely affected. We may also be adversely affected by laws or regulations in the countries in which we operate that would characterize representatives as employees or otherwise oblige us to make social security contributions on their behalf.
Our ability to improve our financial performance depends on our ability to anticipate and respond to market trends and changes in consumer preferences.
Our ability to improve our financial performance depends on our ability to anticipate, gauge and react in a timely and effective manner to changes in consumer spending patterns and preferences for beauty and related products. We must continually work to develop, produce and market new products, maintain and enhance the recognition of our brands, achieve a favorable mix of products, and refine our approach as to how and where we market and sell our products. Consumer preferences and trends may change due to a variety of factors, such as changes in demographic trends, changes in the characteristics and ingredients of products, new market trends, climate, negative publicity from lawsuits against us or our peers, or a weak economy in one or
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more of the markets in which we operate. In addition, consumers may switch to the products of competitors, or the demand for products in our segment as a whole could decline. If we are unable to anticipate changes in consumer preferences and trends, our business, financial condition and operating results could be materially adversely affected.
Furthermore, material shifts or decreases in market demand for our products, including as a result of changes in consumer spending patterns and preferences or incorrect forecasting of market demand, could result in us carrying inventory that cannot be sold at anticipated prices or increased product returns by the Representatives. Failure to maintain proper inventory levels or increased product returns by the Representatives could result in a material adverse effect on our business, prospects, financial condition, liquidity, results of operations and cash flows.
Risks Related to Our Business Model
We face intense competition and can make no assurances about our ability to overcome our competitive challenges.
We face intense competition from competing products in each of our lines of business in the markets in which we operate. We compete against products sold to consumers in a number of distribution methods, including direct selling, through the Internet, and through mass market retail and prestige retail channels. We also face increasing direct-selling and retail competition in our developing and emerging markets, particularly Brazil and Russia.
Within the direct-selling channel, we often compete on country-by-country basis with our direct-selling competitors. There are a number of direct-selling companies that sell product lines similar to ours, some of which have worldwide operations and compete with us globally. Unlike a typical CPG company which operates within a broad-based consumer pool, direct sellers compete for representative or entrepreneurial talent by providing a more competitive earnings opportunity or “better deal” than that offered by the competition. Providing a compelling earnings opportunity for the Representatives is as critical as developing and marketing new and innovative products. Therefore, in contrast to typical CPG companies, we must first compete for a limited pool of Representatives before we reach the ultimate consumer.
Representatives are attracted to a direct seller by competitive earnings opportunities, often through what are commonly known as “field incentives” in the direct-selling industry. Competitors devote substantial effort to finding out the effectiveness of such incentives so that they can invest in incentives that are the most cost-effective or produce the better payback. As one of the largest and oldest beauty direct sellers globally, Avon's business model and strategies are often highly sought after, particularly by smaller and more nimble competitors who seek to capitalize on our investment and experience. As a result, we are subject to significant competition for the recruitment of Representatives from other direct-selling or network marketing organizations as well as significant competition from other non-direct selling earnings opportunities of which our existing Representatives or potential Representatives could avail themselves. Changes to our compensation models are sometimes necessary to be competitive but could have short-term negative impacts on our total number of Representatives. It is therefore continually necessary to innovate and enhance our direct-selling and service model as well as to recruit and retain new Representatives. If we are unable to do so, our business will be adversely affected.
Within the broader CPG industry, we principally compete against large and well-known cosmetics (color), fragrance and skincare companies that manufacture and sell broad product lines through various types of retail establishments and other channels, including through the Internet. In addition, we compete against many other companies that manufacture and sell more narrow beauty product lines sold through retail establishments and other channels, including through the Internet. This industry is highly competitive, and some of our principal competitors in the CPG industry are larger than we are and have greater resources than we do. Competitive activities on their part could cause our sales to suffer. We also have many highly competitive global branded and private label competitors in the accessories, apparel, housewares, and gift and decorative products industries, including retail establishments, principally department stores, mass merchandisers, gift shops and specialty retailers. Our principal competition in the highly competitive fashion jewelry industry consists of a few large companies and many small companies that sell fashion jewelry through department stores, mass merchandisers, specialty retailers and e-commerce.
The number of competitors and degree of competition that we face in the beauty and related products industry varies widely from country to country. If our advertising, promotional, merchandising or other marketing strategies are not successful, if we are unable to improve our product mix and offer new products that represent technological breakthroughs and are aligned with local preferences, if we do not successfully manage the timing of new product introductions or the profitability of these efforts, if we are unable to improve the Representative experience, or if for other reasons the Representatives or end customers perceive competitors' products as having greater appeal, then our sales, results of operations and cash flows will be adversely affected.
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Third-party suppliers provide, among other things, the raw materials required for our Beauty products, and the loss of these suppliers, a supplier's inability to supply a raw material or a finished product or a disruption or interruption in the supply chain may adversely affect our business.
We manufacture and package the majority of our Beauty products, which are formulated and designed by our staff of chemists, designers and artists. Raw materials, consisting chiefly of essential oils, chemicals, containers and packaging components required for our Beauty products are purchased from a range of third-party suppliers. The remainder of our Beauty products and all of our Fashion & Home products are purchased from various third-party manufacturers. Our products are affected by the cost and availability of materials such as glass, fragrance and fuel. For the vast majority of items we have more than one source of supply available. We believe that we can continue to obtain sufficient raw materials and supplies to manufacture and produce our Beauty products for the foreseeable future. Additionally, we design the brochures that are used by the Representatives to sell our products. The brochures are then produced on our behalf by a range of printing suppliers.
The loss of any one supplier would not have a material impact on our ability to source raw materials for the majority of our Beauty products or source products for the remainder of our Beauty products and all of our Fashion & Home products or paper for the brochures. This risk may be exacerbated by our globally coordinated purchasing strategy, which leverages volumes. Regulatory action, such as restrictions on importation, may also disrupt or interrupt our supply chain. Furthermore, increases in the costs of raw materials or other commodities, restricted supply or, in a worst-case scenario, the impossibility of obtaining raw materials and packaging due to several factors over which we have no control, such as climate, agricultural production, legitimate access to genetic heritage and/or traditional associated knowledge, economic conditions, and transportation and processing costs, among others may adversely affect our profit margins if we are unable to pass along any higher costs in the form of price increases or otherwise achieve cost efficiencies in manufacturing and distribution, and may adversely affect our business if we are unable to satisfy demand for certain products or to produce paper brochures that our Representatives can use to sell our products. Moreover, if our suppliers fail to use ethical business practices and comply with applicable laws and regulations, such as any child labor laws and other human rights laws, our reputation could be harmed due to negative publicity and our ability to supply certain products may be disrupted.
In addition, our business depends on a supply chain facing inherent logistics-related risks beyond our control and that of our suppliers, such as ocean freight disruptions, which have negatively impacted us and may continue to adversely affect us in the future. We may be adversely affected in the event of (i) fire, natural disasters, disease outbreaks or pandemics, such as COVID-19, shortages of goods, services or labor, delays in obtaining key supplies, strikes and stoppages, power shortages, failures in the systems, forest fires and deforestation, among others, where we are unable to otherwise service the affected region, (ii) significant disruptions in logistics infrastructure, and (iii) fluctuating fuel prices within our distribution network.
The loss of, or a disruption in, our research and development, production and distribution operations could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Our principal properties consist of worldwide manufacturing facilities for the production of Beauty products, distribution centers where offices are located and where finished merchandise is packed and shipped to Representatives in fulfillment of their orders, and one principal research and development facility. Additionally, we use third-party manufacturers to manufacture certain of our products. Therefore, as a company engaged in manufacturing, distribution and research and development on a global scale, we are subject to the risks inherent in such activities, including industrial accidents, environmental events, fires, strikes and other labor or industrial disputes, disruptions in logistics or information systems (such as our ERP system), loss or impairment of key manufacturing or distribution sites, product quality control issues, safety concerns, licensing requirements and other regulatory or government issues, as well as natural disasters, pandemics, border disputes, acts of terrorism and other external factors over which we have no control. We could also experience a negative financial impact if we do not comply with minimum purchase commitments. These risks may be exacerbated by our efforts to increase facility consolidation covering our manufacturing, distribution and supply footprints, particularly if we are unable to successfully increase our resiliency to potential operational disruptions or enhance our disaster recovery planning. The loss of, or damage to, any of our facilities or centers, or those of our third-party manufacturers, could have a material adverse effect on our business, prospects, financial condition, liquidity, results of operations and cash flows.
Our success depends, in part, on the quality, safety and efficacy of our products.
Our success depends, in part, on the quality, safety and efficacy of our products. If our products are found to be, or perceived to be, defective or unsafe, or if they otherwise fail to meet the Representatives’ or end customers’ standards, then our relationship with the Representatives or end customers could suffer, particularly where the impact of media coverage and new technologies such as social media may exert negative influence over perception of our products. We may need to recall some of our products and/or become subject to regulatory action, our reputation or the appeal of our brand could be diminished, we could lose market
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share, and we could become subject to liability claims, any of which could result in a material adverse effect on our business, prospects, financial condition, liquidity, results of operations and cash flows.
Risks Related to Our International Operations
We are subject to financial risks as a result of our international operations, including exposure to foreign currency fluctuations and the impact of foreign currency restrictions.
We operate globally, through operations in various locations around the world, and derive all of our consolidated revenue from operations outside of the U.S.
One risk associated with our international operations is that the functional currency for most of our international operations is their local currency. The primary foreign currencies for which we have significant exposures include the Argentine peso, Brazilian real, British pound, Chilean peso, Colombian peso, euro, Mexican peso, Peruvian new sol, Philippine peso, Polish zloty, Romanian leu, Russian ruble, South African rand, Turkish lira and Ukrainian hryvnia. As the U.S. dollar strengthens relative to our foreign currencies, our revenues and profits are reduced when translated into U.S. dollars and our margins may be negatively impacted by country mix if our higher-margin markets experience significant devaluation. In addition, our costs are more weighted to U.S. dollars while our sales are denominated in local currencies. Although we typically work to mitigate this negative foreign currency transaction impact through price increases and further actions to reduce costs, and by shifting costs to markets in which we generate revenue, we may not be able to fully offset the impact, if at all. Our success depends, in part, on our ability to manage these various foreign currency impacts and there can be no assurance that foreign currency fluctuations will not have a material adverse effect on our business, assets, financial condition, liquidity, results of operations or cash flows.
Another risk associated with our international operations is the possibility that a foreign government may tax or impose foreign currency remittance restrictions. Due to the possibility of government restrictions on transfers of cash out of the country and control of exchange rates, we may not be able to immediately repatriate cash. If this should occur, or if the exchange rates devalue, it may have a material adverse effect on our business, assets, financial condition, liquidity, results of operations or cash flows.
Inflation is another risk associated with our international operations. Gains and losses resulting from the remeasurement of the financial statements of subsidiaries operating in highly inflationary economies are recorded in earnings. High rates of inflation or the related devaluation of foreign currency may have a material adverse effect on our business, assets, financial condition, liquidity and results of operations or cash flows. For example, Argentina is considered to be a highly inflationary economy. See “Segment Review - Avon Latin America” within MD&A for additional information regarding Argentina. Brazil has also experienced a significant rise in inflation in 2021 and early 2022. Moreover, governmental measures to curb inflation and speculation about any such possible future governmental measures have contributed to the negative economic impact of inflation and have created general economic uncertainty and heightened volatility in the capital markets. In addition, there can be no assurance that other countries in which we operate will not become highly inflationary and that our revenue, operating profit and net income will not be adversely impacted as a result.
Our ability to conduct business in our international markets may be affected by economic, political, legal, tax and regulatory risks.
A significant deterioration in economic conditions in any of our important markets, including economic slowdowns or recessions, inflationary pressures and/or disruptions to credit and capital markets, could lead to decreased consumer confidence and consumer spending more generally, thus reducing demand for our products. In addition, our global operations are subject to adverse political, social or other developments, such as political or social unrest, potential health issues, natural disasters, disease outbreaks or pandemics, such as COVID-19, politically motivated violence and terrorist threats and/or act which may also occur in countries where we have operations.
In particular, our ability to achieve growth in our international markets, and to improve operations in our existing international markets, is exposed to various risks, including:
•the possibility that a foreign government might ban, halt or severely restrict our business, including our primary method of direct selling;
•the possibility that local civil unrest, economic or political instability, bureaucratic delays, changes in macro-economic conditions, changes in diplomatic or trade relationships (including any sanctions, restrictions and other responses, such as those related to the ongoing military conflict between Russia and Ukraine) or other uncertainties might disrupt our operations in an international market;
•the lack of well-established or reliable legal systems in certain areas where we operate;
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•the adoption of new U.S. or foreign tax legislation or exposure to additional tax liabilities, including exposure to tax assessments without prior notice or the opportunity to review the basis for any such assessments in certain jurisdictions;
•changes to tax rules in Brazil, where the tax system is highly complex and the interpretation of the tax laws and regulations is commonly controversial, and the Brazilian government regularly implements changes to tax regimes that may increase our tax burden, including modifications in the rate of assessments and the enactment of new or temporary taxes, the proceeds of which are earmarked for designated governmental purposes;
•electoral pressures in 2022 in Brazil, whereas, historically, in presidential election years, foreign investments in Brazil decrease and political uncertainty generates greater instability and volatility in the domestic market;
•the possibility that a government authority might impose legal, tax or other financial burdens on the Representatives, as direct sellers, or on Avon, due, for example, to the structure of our operations in various markets, or additional taxes on our products, including in Brazil;
•the possibility that a government authority might challenge the status of the Representatives as independent contractors or impose employment or social taxes on the Representatives; and
•those associated with data privacy regulation and the international transfer of personal data.
We are also subject to the adoption, interpretation and enforcement by governmental agencies abroad and in the U.S. (including on federal, state and local levels) of other laws, rules, regulations or policies, including any changes thereto, such as restrictions on trade, competition, manufacturing, license and permit requirements, import and export license requirements, privacy and data protection laws, anti-trust laws, anti-corruption laws, environmental laws, records and information management, tariffs and taxes, laws relating to the sourcing of "conflict minerals," health care reform requirements such as those required by the Patient Protection and Affordable Healthcare Act, and regulation of our brochures, product claims or ingredients, which may require us to adjust our operations and systems in certain markets where we do business. For example, from time to time, local governments and others question the legal status of Representatives or impose burdens inconsistent with the Representative's status as independent contractors, often in regard to possible coverage under social benefit laws that would require us (and, in most instances, the Representatives) to make regular contributions to government social benefit funds.
At the end of 2021 and into 2022, Russia amassed large numbers of military forces and support personnel on the Ukraine-Russia border, leading to tensions between Ukraine and Russia as well as between the United States, its allies and Russia. On February 24, 2022, Russia launched a military invasion of Ukraine. As a result of these developments, our Ukrainian operations are currently suspended for an indeterminate period [and we cannot assure you that our Russian operations will not also be reduced or suspended.] Furthermore, the ongoing military conflict between Ukraine and Russia has resulted in the imposition of broad financial and economic sanctions against Russia by the United States and its allies, including the UK, the EU and other countries around the world, which could have a lasting impact on regional and global economies. Any further escalation of the military conflict between Ukraine and Russia, or any further increase in tensions between the United States, its allies and Russia could have a material adverse effect on us. See also “—The ongoing military conflict between Ukraine and Russia may have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.”
If we are unable to address these matters in a satisfactory manner, or adhere to or successfully implement processes in response to changing regulatory requirements, our business, costs and/or reputation may be adversely affected. We cannot predict with certainty the outcome or the impact that pending or future legislative and regulatory changes may have on our business in the future. Further, in the event that any jurisdiction in which we operate or plan to operate imposes any new laws, regulations, restrictions and/or other barriers to entry, our ability to expand may be thereby limited and our growth and development may be adversely affected.
The ongoing military conflict between Ukraine and Russia may have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
On February 24, 2022, Russia launched a military invasion of Ukraine. The ongoing military conflict between Ukraine and Russia has provoked strong reactions from the United States, the UK, the EU and various other countries around the world, including the imposition of broad financial and economic sanctions against Russia.
We have sales operations in multiple countries including in Russia and Ukraine. While as of the date of this report there have not been any material impacts from the above mentioned matter in our consolidated financial statements, we are continuously monitoring the developments to assess any potential future impacts that may arise as a result of the ongoing crisis .
While the precise effects of the ongoing military conflict and these sanctions on the Russian and global economies remain uncertain, they have already resulted in significant volatility in financial markets, depreciation of the Russian ruble and the Ukrainian hryvnia against the U.S. dollar, as well as in an increase in energy and commodity prices globally. Should the
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conflict continue or escalate, markets may face various economic and security consequences including, but not limited to, supply shortages of different kinds, further increases in prices of commodities, including piped gas, oil and agricultural goods, reduced consumer purchasing power, significant disruptions in logistics infrastructure, telecommunications services, the risk of unavailability of information technology systems and infrastructure, among others, given that Russia and Ukraine are significant exporters of commodities. The resulting impacts on financial markets, inflation, interest rates, unemployment and other matters could disrupt the global economy’s ongoing recovery following the COVID-19 pandemic. Other potential consequences include, but are not limited to, growth in the number of popular uprisings in the region, increased political discontent, especially in the regions most affected by the conflict or economic sanctions, increase in cyberterrorism activities and attacks, displacement of persons to regions close to the areas of conflict and an increase in the number of refugees fleeing across Europe, among other unforeseen social and humanitarian effects.
A protracted conflict between Ukraine and Russia, any escalation of that conflict, and the financial and economic sanctions and import and/or export controls imposed on Russia by the United States, the UK, the EU and others, and the above mentioned adverse effect on the wider global economy and market conditions could, in turn, have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Our business is subject to a number of foreign laws and regulations in various jurisdictions governing data privacy and security.
We collect, use and store personal data of our employees, Representatives, customers and other third parties in the ordinary course of business. We are required to comply with increasingly complex and changing data privacy and security laws and regulations governing the collection, storage, use, transmission and protection of personal information and other data, including the transfer of personal data between countries. In May 2018, the EU adopted robust data privacy regulations under the General Data Protection Regulation (“GDPR”). Further changes are likely to be introduced through a revised Regulation on Privacy and Electronic Communications (the “ePrivacy Regulation”). The GDPR in particular has broad extraterritorial effect and imposes a robust data protection compliance regime with significant penalties for non-compliance. Other countries in which we operate are developing comparable regulations. Brazil enacted the Lei Geral de Proteção de Dados Pessoais (“LGPD”), which is broadly equivalent to GDPR and came into force in September 2020, except for the applicability of the law’s administrative sanctions, which came into force on August 1, 2021. In general, the GDPR and ePrivacy Regulation, and other local privacy laws, could require adaptation of our technologies or practices to satisfy local privacy requirements and standards. We may also face audits or investigations by one or more domestic or foreign government agencies relating to our compliance with these regulations. An adverse outcome under any such investigation or audit could result in the issuance of stop processing orders, and/or subject us to fines and penalties. That or other circumstances related to our collection, use and transfer of personal data could cause a loss of reputation in the market or adversely affect our business.
The scope of data privacy and security regulations continues to evolve, and we believe that the adoption of increasingly restrictive regulations in this area may be likely within the jurisdictions in which we operate. Compliance with data privacy and security requirements could increase the cost of our operations and failure to comply with such requirements could subject us to business disruption, criminal and civil sanctions as well as other penalties.
The uncertainty surrounding the UK's decision to withdraw from the EU may adversely affect our business.
On June 23, 2016, the UK held a referendum in which voters approved an exit from the EU, commonly referred to as “Brexit.” As a result of the referendum, the UK parliament voted in March 2017 to trigger Article 50 of the Treaty on European Union, commencing the UK’s official withdrawal process from the EU and initiating negotiations with the EU in June 2017. In January 2020, the House of Commons (the lower chamber of the UK parliament) approved the terms of an agreement with the EU to determine the future terms of the parties’ relationship, including the terms of trade between the UK and the EU and other nations, following the UK’s exit from the EU on January 31, 2020.
The UK left the EU on January 31, 2020. A transition period, lasting until December 31, 2020, was put in place, during which the UK continued to (i) be subject to EU rules and (ii) remain a member of the single market. The UK-EU Trade and Cooperation Agreement (“TCA”) was signed on 30 December 2020, between the EU, the European Atomic Energy Community and the UK. It has been applied provisionally since 1 January 2021, when the transition period ended, and came into full force on May 1, 2021, after relevant EU institutions ratified the agreement. This trade agreement, in which there will be no tariffs or quotas on the movement of goods between UK and EU, means the UK has left the EU customs union and single market. While the TCA between the UK and EU provided much needed certainty on trade, naturally political and economic concerns remain as the true effects of the TCA and future trade agreements outside of the EU begin to unfold, which developments we continue to monitor.
Continued uncertainty around the terms of the UK’s relationship with the European Union and the lack of a fully comprehensive trade agreement may negatively impact the economic growth of both regions. Similarly, an adverse effect on the
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UK and the EU may have an adverse effect on the wider global economy or market conditions and investor confidence. This could, in turn, have a material adverse effect on our operations, financial condition and prospects.
Furthermore, given that we conduct a substantial portion of our business in the EU and the UK, and our corporate headquarters has been relocated to the UK, any of these developments could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial position, liquidity and results of operations or cash flows. Changes in foreign currency exchange rates may have a material effect on our net sales, financial condition, profitability and/or cash flows and may reduce the reported value of our operating results.
During 2022 we will continue to monitor the implementation of new border controls (including any resulting delays), immigration policy (ability to recruit and maintain talent), regulatory changes and requirements to comply with new mandates, which may prove challenging and costly.
Risks Related to IT and Cybersecurity Matters
A failure, disruption, cyberattack, other breach in the security of an IT system or infrastructure that we utilize could adversely affect our business and reputation and increase our costs.
We employ IT systems to support our business, including systems to support financial reporting, web-based tools, enterprise resource planning (“ERP”) systems, and internal communication and data transfer networks. We increasingly rely on a variety of web-based systems and mobile applications to support Representatives in our markets, including electronic order collection, invoicing systems, shipping and box packing, social media tools, Representative recruitment and online training. We also have e-commerce sites to allow customers to purchase products directly. We use third-party service providers in many instances to provide or support these IT systems. Over the last several years, we have undertaken initiatives to increase our reliance on IT systems which has resulted in the outsourcing of certain services and functions, such as global human resources IT systems, call center support, Representative support services and other IT processes. Our IT systems and infrastructure, as well as the systems, infrastructure and services of those of third parties, are integral to our performance.
Any of our IT systems and infrastructure, or those of our third-party service providers, may be susceptible to outages, disruptions, destruction or corruption due to the complex landscape of localized applications and architectures as well as incidents related to legacy or unintegrated systems. These IT systems and infrastructure also may be susceptible to cybersecurity breaches, attacks, computer viruses, break-ins, including ransomware, other malware and phishing attacks, data corruption, fire, floods, power loss, telecommunications failures, terrorist attacks and similar events beyond our control. We rely on our employees, Representatives and third parties in our day-to-day and ongoing operations, who may, as a result of human error or malfeasance or failure, disruption, cyberattack or other security breach of third-party systems or infrastructure, expose us to risk. Furthermore, our ability to protect and monitor the practices of our third-party service providers is more limited than our ability to protect and monitor our own IT systems and infrastructure.
Moreover, as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, we have increased the number of employees working remotely and expect to continue to allow remote work even after the pandemic comes to an end. This will require us to continue relying on remote-access information technology systems, which increases the risk of unavailability of our systems and infrastructure, disruption of telecommunications services, widespread system failures, and exposes us to increased vulnerability to cyberattacks. Any of these developments could adversely affect our ability to conduct our business may be adversely impacted.
Our IT systems, or those of our third-party service providers may be accessed by unauthorized users such as cyber criminals as a result of a failure, disruption, cyberattack or other security breach, exposing us to risk. As techniques used by cyber criminals change frequently, a failure, disruption, cyberattack or other security breach may go undetected for a long period of time. An actual or perceived failure, disruption, cyberattack or other security breach of our IT systems or infrastructure, or those of our third-party service providers, could result in the theft, transfer, unauthorized access to, disclosure, modification, misuse, loss, or destruction of Company, employee, Representative, customer, vendor, or other third-party data, including sensitive or confidential data, personal information and intellectual property and could be particularly harmful to our brand and reputation.
We continue to invest in industry-standard solutions and protections and monitoring practices of our data and IT systems and infrastructure to reduce these risks and we continue to monitor our IT systems and infrastructure on an ongoing basis for any current or potential threats. We have also deployed additional employee security training and updated security policies for the Company and its third-party service providers. Such efforts and investments are costly, and as cyber threats continue to evolve, we may be required to expend significant additional resources to continue to modify or enhance our protective measures or to investigate and remediate any information security vulnerabilities. As a company that operates globally, we could also be impacted by commercial agreements between us and processing organizations, existing and proposed laws and regulations, and government policies and practices related to cybersecurity, privacy and data protection.
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Despite our efforts, our and our third-party service providers’ data, IT systems and infrastructure may be vulnerable. There can be no assurance that our efforts will prevent a failure, disruption, cyberattack or other security breach of our or our third-party service providers’ IT systems or infrastructure, or that we will detect and appropriately respond if there is such a failure, disruption, cyberattack or other security breach. Our IT databases and systems have been, and will likely continue to be, subject to ransomware, denial of service and phishing attacks. Any such failure, disruption, cyberattack or other security breach could adversely affect our business including our ability to expand our business, cause damage to our reputation, result in increased costs to address internal data, security, and personnel issues, and result in violations of applicable privacy laws and other laws and external financial obligations such as governmental fines, penalties, or regulatory proceedings, remediation efforts such as breach notification and identity theft monitoring, and third-party private litigation with potentially significant costs. In addition, it could result in deterioration in our employees', Representatives', customers', or vendors' confidence in us, which could cause them to discontinue doing business with us or result in other competitive disadvantages. In addition, there may be other challenges and risks as we upgrade, modernize, and standardize our IT systems globally.
See also “—We were the target of a cybersecurity incident which disrupted our systems.”
Unauthorized disclosure of sensitive or confidential Representative or customer information or our failure or the perception by our Representatives or customers that we failed to comply with privacy laws or properly address privacy concerns could materially harm our business and standing with our Representatives and customers.
We collect, store, process, transmit and use certain personal information in the ordinary course of our business. We are required to comply with increasingly complex and changing data privacy and security laws and regulations governing personal information and other data, including the transfer of personal data between countries. We may face audits or investigations by one or more domestic or foreign government agencies relating to our compliance with these regulations. An adverse outcome under any such investigation or audit could result in the issuance of stop processing orders, subject us to fines, penalties or orders to cease, delay or modify collection, use or transfer of personal data. The perception of privacy concerns, whether or not valid, may adversely affect us. We rely on commercially available systems, software, tools and monitoring to provide secure processing, transmission and storage of confidential Representative and customer information.
Our facilities and systems, as well as those of our third-party service providers, may be vulnerable to security breaches, fraud, acts of vandalism, computer viruses, misplaced or lost data, programming or human errors, or other similar events. Any security breach, or any perceived failure involving the misappropriation, loss or other unauthorized disclosure of confidential information, as well as any failure or perceived failure to comply with laws, policies, legal obligations or industry standards regarding data privacy and protection, whether by us or vendors upon whose systems we rely, could damage our reputation, expose us to litigation risk and liability, reduce revenue, increase costs, subject us to negative publicity, disrupt our operations and harm our business. We cannot provide assurance that our security measures will prevent security breaches or that failure to prevent them will not have a material adverse effect on us.
We were the target of a cybersecurity incident which disrupted our systems.
In June 2020, we became aware that we were exposed to a cyber incident in our Information Technology (IT) environment which interrupted some of our systems and partially affected our operations. We engaged leading external cybersecurity and IT general controls specialists, launched a comprehensive containment and remediation effort and started a forensic investigation. By mid-August 2020, the Company had re-established all of its core business processes and resumed operations in all of its markets, including all of its distribution centers.
The cyber incident did not have a material impact on our full year 2020 revenue, although it resulted in a shift in revenue from the second quarter to the third quarter of 2020 as the Company fulfilled the order backlog created. The incremental expense incurred as a result of the cyber incident was not material.
Management concluded that controls related to our IT environment had not been designed and/or operated effectively to prevent access and changes to our IT systems supporting financial information processing. Although we had no indication that the accuracy and completeness of any financial information was impacted as a result of the incident, and we performed extensive procedures immediately after discovering the incident to validate such accuracy and completeness, we believed that, if the incident had gone differently, it could have potentially resulted in a material impact to our financial statements, which led to the conclusion that the magnitude of these control deficiencies represented a material weakness in our IT general controls.
To remediate the material weakness, we strengthened procedures and controls with the support of external cyber security and IT general controls specialists and accelerated our investment in IT infrastructure to strengthen our cyber security controls. Based on testing performed by management, the implemented controls are designed and operating effectively and the material weakness was remediated at December 31, 2020.
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As a result of the incident, we may be subject to litigation and investigations by regulators in the jurisdictions in which we operate. We may incur losses associated with potential claims by third parties or individuals, as well as fines, penalties and other sanctions imposed by regulators relating to or arising from the incident. We may also incur contingencies related to the incident. We are not able to reliably forecast all of the losses that may occur as a result of the incident, and such excess losses could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition or results of operations in future periods.
Following the incident, we have taken certain additional preventative measures to reduce cyber risks. However, we cannot provide assurance that our security frameworks and measures will be successful in preventing future cybersecurity incidents. In addition, the costs of such measures and management attention required may be significant. Further, the incident may have a negative impact on our reputation and cause customers, suppliers and other third parties with whom we maintain relationships to lose confidence in us. We are unable to definitively determine the impact to these relationships and whether we will need to engage in any activities to rebuild them.
Risks Related to Financial Matters
Our credit ratings are below investment grade, which could limit our access to financing, affect the market price of our financing and increase financing costs. A downgrade in our credit ratings may adversely affect our access to liquidity.
Our long-term credit ratings are: Moody’s ratings of Ba3 with Stable Outlook for corporate family and senior unsecured debt; S&P ratings of BB with Stable Outlook for corporate family and senior unsecured debt; and Fitch ratings of BB with Positive Outlook for corporate family and unsecured debt. Our credit ratings remain below investment grade which may impact our ability to access financing transactions on favorable terms. We do not believe these long-term credit ratings will have a material impact on our near-term liquidity. However, any rating agency review could result in a change in outlook or downgrade, which could limit our access to new financing, reduce our flexibility with respect to working capital needs, affect the market price of some or all of our outstanding debt securities and could result in an increase in financing costs. See Note 7, Debt and Other Financing to the Consolidated Financial Statements included herein, for details about the terms of our existing debt and other financing arrangements.
We may not effectively manage risks associated with the replacement of benchmark indices.
Interest rate, equity, foreign exchange rate and other types of indices which are deemed to be “benchmarks” are the subject of increased regulatory scrutiny. In March 2021, the United Kingdom’s Financial Conduct Authority, or the “FCA,” announced that most London interbank offered rate (“LIBOR”) benchmarks will cease to be available after 2021. Certain other alternative benchmark interest rates have been announced, such as the Federal Reserve Bank of New York’s Secured Overnight Financing Rate based on overnight U.S. Treasury repurchase agreement transactions, which has been recommended as the alternative to U.S. dollar LIBOR by the Alternative Reference Rates Committee convened by the Federal Reserve Board and the Federal Reserve Bank of New York.
These and other reforms may cause benchmarks to perform differently than in the past, or to disappear entirely, or have other consequences that cannot be fully anticipated, which introduces a number of risks for us including legal risks arising from potential changes required to documentation for new and existing transactions. Meaningful time and effort is required to transition to the use of new benchmark rates, including with respect to the negotiation and implementation of any necessary changes to existing contractual arrangements and the implementation of changes to our systems and processes. We are actively evaluating the operational and other impacts of such changes and managing transition efforts accordingly.
Moreover, there is a lack of clarity as to what methods of calculating a replacement benchmark will be established or adopted generally, or whether different industry bodies, such as the loan market and the derivatives market, will adopt the same methodologies. In addition, as part of the transition to a replacement benchmark, parties may seek to adjust the spreads relative to such benchmarks in underlying contractual arrangements. As a result, interest rates on financial instruments tied to benchmark rates, including those pursuant to which we borrow funds, as well as the expenses associated with those financial instruments, may be adversely affected.
Significant changes in pension fund investment performance, assumptions relating to pension costs or required legal changes in pension funding rules may have a material effect on the valuation of pension obligations, the funded status of pension plans and our pension cost.
Our funding policy for pension plans is to meet the minimum required contributions under applicable law and accumulate plan assets that, over the long run, are expected to approximate the present value of projected benefit obligations. Our pension cost is materially affected by the discount rate used to measure pension obligations, the level of plan assets available to fund those obligations at the measurement date and the expected long-term rate of return on plan assets. Significant changes in investment performance or a change in the portfolio mix of invested assets can result in corresponding increases and decreases in the valuation of plan assets, including equity and debt securities and derivative instruments, or in a change of the expected rate of
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return on plan assets. A change in the discount rate could result in a significant increase or decrease in the valuation of pension obligations, affecting the reported funded status of our pension plans as well as the net periodic pension cost in the following fiscal years. Similarly, changes in the expected rate of return on plan assets can result in significant changes in the net periodic pension cost. Please see “Critical Accounting Estimates - Pension and Postretirement Expense” within MD&A and Note 13, Employee Benefit Plans to the Consolidated Financial Statements included herein, for additional information regarding the impact of these factors on our pension plan obligations.
Risks Related to Legal Matters
We are involved, and may become involved in the future, in legal proceedings that, if adversely adjudicated or settled, could adversely affect our financial results.
We are, and may in the future become, party to litigation, including, for example, claims alleging violation of the federal securities laws or claims relating to employee or employment matters, our products or advertising. In general, litigation claims can be expensive and time-consuming to bring or defend against and could result in settlements or damages that could significantly affect our financial results and the conduct of our business. We are currently vigorously contesting certain of these litigation claims. However, it is not possible to predict the final resolution of the litigation to which we currently are or may in the future become party, or to predict the impact of certain of these matters on our business, prospects, financial condition, liquidity, results of operations and cash flows. See Note 18, Contingencies to the Consolidated Financial Statements included herein, for a detailed discussion regarding certain legal proceedings in which we are a party.
Government reviews, inquiries, investigations, and actions could harm our business or reputation. In addition, from time to time, we may conduct other investigations and reviews, the consequences of which could negatively impact our business or reputation.
As we operate in various locations around the world, our operations in certain countries are subject to significant governmental scrutiny and may be harmed by the results of such scrutiny. The regulatory environment with regard to direct selling in emerging and developing markets where we do business is evolving, and government officials in such locations often exercise broad discretion in deciding how to interpret and apply relevant regulations. From time to time, we may receive formal and informal inquiries from various government regulatory authorities about our business and compliance with local laws and regulations. In addition, from time to time, we may conduct investigations and reviews. The consequences of such government reviews, inquiries, investigations, and actions or such investigations and reviews may adversely impact our business, prospects, reputation, financial condition, liquidity, results of operations or cash flows.
Additionally, any determination that our operations or activities, or, where local law mandates, the activities of the Representatives, including our licenses or permits, importing or exporting, or product testing or approvals are not, or were not, in compliance with existing laws or regulations could result in the imposition of substantial fines, civil and criminal penalties, interruptions of business, loss of supplier, vendor or other third-party, termination of necessary licenses and permits, modification of business practices and compliance programs, equitable remedies, including disgorgement, injunctive relief and other sanctions that we may take against our personnel or that may be taken against us or our personnel. Other legal or regulatory proceedings, as well as government investigations, which often involve complex legal issues and are subject to uncertainties, may also follow as a consequence. Further, other countries in which we do business may initiate their own investigations and impose similar sanctions. These proceedings or investigations could be costly and burdensome to our management, and could adversely impact our business, prospects, reputation, financial condition, liquidity, results of operations or cash flows. Even if an inquiry or investigation does not result in any adverse determinations, it potentially could create negative publicity and give rise to third-party litigation or action.
If we are unable to protect our intellectual property rights, specifically patents and trademarks, our ability to compete could be adversely affected.
The market for our products depends to a significant extent upon the value associated with our product innovations and our brand equity. We own the material patents and trademarks used in connection with the marketing and distribution of our major products where such products are principally sold. Although most of our material intellectual property is registered in certain countries in which we operate, there can be no assurance with respect to the rights associated with such intellectual property in those countries. In addition, the laws of certain foreign countries, including many emerging markets, may not completely protect our intellectual property rights. The costs required to protect our patents and trademarks, especially in emerging markets, may be substantial. Please see “The licensing of our North America intellectual property rights, including trademarks that are fundamental to our brand, in connection with the Separation could adversely impact our reputation, our business generally, and our ability to enforce intellectual property rights used in both North America and international jurisdictions”
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below for additional information regarding the risks on our intellectual property rights associated with the separation of North America.
Risks Related to the Separation of North America and the Preferred Stock Investment in the Company
We may be exposed to claims and liabilities as a result of the separation of our North America business.
On March 1, 2016, Cleveland Apple Investor L.P. (“Cerberus Investor”) (an affiliate of Cerberus) contributed $170 million of cash into New Avon in exchange for 80.1% of its membership interests, and we contributed (i) assets primarily related to our North America business (including approximately $100 million of cash, subject to certain adjustments), (ii) certain assumed liabilities (primarily pension and postretirement liabilities) of our North America business and (iii) the employees of our North America business into New Avon in exchange for a 19.9% ownership interest of New Avon (collectively, the "Separation"). In August 2019, we and Cerberus finalized the sale of our respective interests in New Avon to LG Household & Health Care Ltd. In connection with the Separation, we entered into a Separation Agreement and various other agreements with New Avon to govern the separation and the relationship of the two companies going forward. These agreements provide for specific indemnity and liability obligations and could lead to disputes between us. The indemnity rights we have against New Avon under the agreements may not be sufficient to protect us. In addition, our indemnity obligations to New Avon may be significant and these risks could negatively affect our financial condition.
We or New Avon may fail to perform under the post-closing arrangements executed in connection with the Separation.
In connection with the Separation, we and New Avon entered into several agreements, including among others, an Intellectual Property License Agreement and a Manufacturing and Supply Agreement. The Intellectual Property License Agreement provides New Avon with rights to use certain intellectual property rights that we used in the conduct of the North America business prior to the Separation. The Manufacturing and Supply Agreement provides that we and New Avon will manufacture, or cause to be manufactured, and supply certain products to each other. These agreements establish a bilateral relationship between New Avon and us. We will rely on New Avon to satisfy its performance and payment obligations under these agreements. If New Avon is unable to satisfy its obligations under these agreements, we could incur operational difficulties or losses that could have a material and adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
The licensing of our North America intellectual property rights, including trademarks that are fundamental to our brand, in connection with the Separation could adversely impact our reputation, our business generally, and our ability to enforce intellectual property rights used in both North America and international jurisdictions.
In connection with the Separation, we granted New Avon a perpetual, irrevocable, royalty-free license, with the ability to sublicense, to certain intellectual property rights that we used in the conduct of our North America business prior to the Separation. The Intellectual Property License Agreement includes quality control provisions obligating New Avon and its sublicensees to remain in compliance with applicable law or, for certain of our brands, quality standards that we have provided to New Avon, when selling products under certain trademarks that we have licensed to New Avon. However, there is a risk that failure by New Avon or its sublicensees to comply with such quality control provisions or other conduct by New Avon or its sublicensees associated with the trademarks licensed to New Avon, could adversely affect our reputation and our business globally. We have also granted New Avon enforcement rights to intellectual property licensed to New Avon in certain circumstances, which could adversely affect our position and options globally relating to enforcement of our intellectual property.
General Risk Factors
A general economic downturn, a recession globally or in one or more of our geographic regions or markets or sudden disruption in business conditions or other challenges may adversely affect our business, our access to liquidity and capital, and our credit ratings.
Current global macro-economic instability or a further downturn in the economies in which we sell our products, including any recession in one or more of our geographic regions or markets could adversely affect our business, our access to liquidity and capital, and our credit ratings. Economic events, including high unemployment levels and recession, have resulted in challenges to our business and a heightened concern regarding further deterioration globally. In addition, as mentioned above, our business is conducted primarily in the direct-selling channel. We could experience declines in revenues, profitability and cash flow due to reduced orders, payment delays, supply chain disruptions or other factors caused by such economic, operational or business challenges. Any or all of these factors could potentially have a material adverse effect on our liquidity and capital resources and
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credit ratings, including our ability to access short-term financing, reduce flexibility with respect to working capital, and maintain credit lines and offshore cash balances.
Consumer spending is also generally affected by a number of factors, including general economic conditions, inflation, interest rates, taxation, energy costs, gasoline prices and consumer confidence generally, all of which are beyond our control. Consumer purchases of discretionary items, such as beauty and related products, tend to decline during recessionary periods, when disposable income is lower, and may impact sales of our products. We may face continued economic challenges in 2022 because customers may continue to have less money for discretionary purchases as a result of job losses, bankruptcies, and reduced access to credit, among other things.
Moreover, our results of operations and financial condition have been, and will continue to be, affected by the growth rate of the GDP of the countries in which we operate. We cannot ensure that the GDP of the countries in which we operate will increase or remain stable. Developments in the macroeconomic conditions of the countries in which we operate, including Brazil, which has been experiencing an economic slowdown since 2012, may affect such countries’ growth rates and, consequently, us.
In addition, sudden disruptions in business conditions and consumer spending may result from acts of terror, natural disasters, adverse weather conditions, and pandemic situations or large-scale power outages, none of which are under our control.
The COVID-19 pandemic is adversely affecting, and is expected to continue to adversely affect, our operations, manufacturing, supply chains and distribution systems. There is uncertainty around the duration and breadth of the COVID-19 pandemic and the response to it. As a result, we cannot reasonably estimate at this time the continued impact, that COVID-19 may have on our business or operations. The extent to which COVID-19 impacts our business will depend on future developments, which are highly uncertain and cannot be predicted, including new information which may emerge concerning the severity of COVID-19 and the actions to contain COVID-19 or treat its impact including on financial markets or otherwise. See also "Item 1A. Risk Factors—The COVID-19 pandemic is adversely affecting, and is expected to continue to adversely affect, our operations, manufacturing, supply chains and distribution systems, and we have experienced and expect to continue to experience unpredictable negative effects associated with the pandemic.
Our success depends, in part, on our key personnel.
Our success depends, in part, on our ability to retain our key personnel. The unexpected loss of or failure to retain one or more of our key employees could adversely affect our business. Our success also depends, in part, on our continuing ability to identify, hire, attract, train, develop and retain other highly qualified personnel. Competition for these employees can be intense and our ability to hire, attract and retain them depends on our ability to provide competitive compensation. We may not be able to attract, assimilate, develop or retain qualified personnel in the future, and our failure to do so could adversely affect our business, including the execution of our global business strategy. Any failure by our management team to perform as expected may have a material adverse effect on our business, prospects, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows, as well as on our ability to address the challenges arising from the COVID-19 pandemic and the response to it. This risk may be exacerbated by the uncertainties associated with the implementation of Open Up & Grow and Avon Integration and any other stabilization strategies and restructuring and cost-saving initiatives we undertake from time to time.
We are not insured against all risks affecting our activities and our insurance coverage may not be sufficient to
cover all losses and/or liabilities that may be incurred by our operations.
We cannot provide assurance that our insurance coverage will always be available or will always be sufficient to cover any damages resulting from any kind of claims. In addition, there are certain types of risks that may not be covered by our policies, such as war, force majeure or certain business interruptions. In addition, we cannot provide assurance that when our current insurance policies expire, we will be able to renew them at sufficient and favorable terms. Claims that are not covered by our policies or the failure to renew our insurance policies may materially adversely affect us.
Any strategic alliances or divestitures may expose us to additional risks.
We evaluate potential strategic alliances that would complement our current product offerings, increase the size and geographic scope of our operations or otherwise offer growth and/or operating efficiency opportunities. Strategic alliances may entail numerous risks, including:
•substantial costs, delays or other operational or financial difficulties, including difficulties in leveraging synergies among the businesses to increase sales and obtain cost savings or achieve expected results;
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•difficulties in assimilating acquired operations or products, including the loss of key employees from any acquired businesses and disruption to our direct-selling channel;
•diversion of management’s attention from our core business;
•adverse effects on existing business relationships with suppliers and customers;
•risks of entering markets in which we have limited or no prior experience; and
•reputational and other risks regarding our ability to successfully implement such strategic alliances, including obtaining financing which could result in an increase in our indebtedness.
Our failure to successfully complete the integration of any new or acquired businesses could have a material adverse effect on our business, prospects, financial condition, liquidity, results of operations and cash flows. In addition, there can be no assurance that we will be able to identify suitable candidates or consummate such transactions on favorable terms.
For divestitures, success is also dependent on effectively and efficiently separating the divested unit or business from the Company and reducing or eliminating associated overhead costs. In cases where a divestiture is not successfully implemented or completed, the Company's business, prospects, financial condition, liquidity, results of operations and cash flows could be adversely affected. Please see “Risks Related to the Separation of North America” for additional information regarding the risks associated with the separation of North America.
Climate change can create transition risks, physical risks and other risks that could adversely affect us.
Climate risk is a transversal risk that can be an aggravating factor for the types of traditional risks that we manage in the ordinary course of business, including without limitation the risks described in this “Risk Factors” section. Based on the classifications used by Task-Force on Climate-Related Financial Disclosures, we consider that there are two primary sources of climate change related financial risks: physical and transition.
Physical risks resulting from climate change can be event-driven (acute) or long-term shifts (chronic) in climate patterns:
•Acute physical risks include increased severity of extreme weather events, such as drought, hurricanes, or floods.
•Chronic physical risks include changes in precipitation patterns and extreme variability in weather patterns, rising mean temperatures, chronic heat waves or rising sea levels.
Transition risks refer to actions brought on to address mitigation and adaptation requirements related to climate change, and they can fall into various categories such as market, technology and market changes:
•Market risk may manifest through shifts in supply and demand for certain commodities, products, and services, as climate-related risks and opportunities are increasingly taken into account.
•Technology risk arises from improvements or innovations to support the transition to a lower-carbon, energy efficient economic system that can have a significant impact on companies to the extent that new technology displaces old systems and disrupts some parts of the existing economic system.
•Policy actions generally fall into two categories—those that attempt to constrain actions that contribute to the adverse effects of climate change and those that seek to promote adaptation to climate change. The risk associated with and the financial impact of policy changes depend on the nature and timing of the policy change.
We are already subject to certain regulatory environmental requirements that may increase going forward as a result of the increasing importance of environmental matters. This and other changes in regulations in international markets may expose us to increased compliance costs, limit our ability to pursue certain business opportunities and provide certain products and services, each of which could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.
ITEM 1B. UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS
Not applicable.
ITEM 2. PROPERTIES
Our principal properties worldwide consist of manufacturing facilities for the production of Beauty products, distribution centers where administrative offices are located and where finished merchandise is packed and shipped to Representatives in fulfilment of their orders, and one principal research and development facility located in Suffern, NY.
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Since January 2017 our principal executive offices have been located in the UK, and presently are leased in Northampton, UK. All the floors of our previous principal executive office location at 777 Third Avenue, New York, NY continue to be subleased.
During 2021, we sold our Mexican manufacturing and distribution center in connection with the sale of Avon Luxembourg. In addition we sold our Indian manufacturing facility in connection with the sale of the cosmetics manufacturing operation in India, and our Spanish distribution center. See Note 3, Discontinued Operations and Assets and Liabilities held for sale, to the Consolidated Financial Statements included herein.
In addition to the facilities noted above, other principal properties measuring 50,000 square feet or more include the following:
•three manufacturing facilities, nine distribution centers and three administrative offices in Avon International; and
•two manufacturing facilities and ten distribution centers in Avon Latin America.
We consider all of our principal properties to be in good repair, to adequately meet our needs and to operate at reasonable levels of productive capacity.
Of all the properties listed above, 17 are owned and the remaining 12 are leased. Many of our properties are used for a combination of manufacturing, distribution and administration. These properties are included based on primary usage.
ITEM 3. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
Reference is made to Note 18, Contingencies to the Consolidated Financial Statements included herein.
ITEM 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES
Not applicable.
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PART II
ITEM 5. MARKET FOR REGISTRANT’S COMMON EQUITY, RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS AND ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES
Market for Avon’s Common Stock
At December 31, 2021, Natura &Co Holding S.A. was the sole holder of record of our common stock.
ITEM 6. [RESERVED]
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ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS ("MD&A")
(U.S. dollars in millions, except per share and share data)
You should read the following discussion of the results of operations and financial condition of Avon Products, Inc. and its majority and wholly owned subsidiaries in conjunction with the information contained in the Consolidated Financial Statements and Notes thereto contained herein. When used in this discussion, the terms "Avon," "Company," "we," "our" or "us" mean, unless the context otherwise indicates, Avon Products, Inc. and its majority and wholly owned subsidiaries.
See "Non-GAAP Financial Measures" of this MD&A for a description of how constant dollar ("Constant $") growth rates (a Non-GAAP financial measure) are determined and see "Performance Metrics" of this MD&A for definitions of our performance metrics (Change in Active Representatives, Change in units sold, Change in Ending Representatives and Change in Average Order).
Overview
We are a global manufacturer and marketer of beauty and related products. Our business is conducted primarily in the direct-selling channel, with a strategy to expand to omnichannel. During 2021, we had sales operations in 54 countries and territories, and distributed products in 24 more. At December 31, 2021, we had sales operations in 52 countries. All of our consolidated revenue is derived from operations of subsidiaries outside of the United States ("U.S."). Our reportable segments are based on geographic operations in two regions, Avon International and Avon Latin America. Our product categories are Beauty and Fashion & Home. Beauty consists of skincare, fragrance and color (cosmetics). Fashion & Home consists of fashion apparel, accessories, housewares and leisure products. Sales are made to the ultimate consumer principally through direct selling by Representatives, who are independent contractors and not our employees.
On average we had approximately 5 million Active Representatives during the year ended December 31, 2021, which represents the number of Representatives submitting an order in a sales campaign, totaled for all campaigns during the year and then divided by the number of campaigns. The success of our business is highly dependent on recruiting, retaining and servicing our Representatives.
Total revenue decreased 6% compared to the prior-year period, impacted by certain indirect taxes recognized in Brazil. Excluding these items, Adjusted revenue was down 7%, with the impact of foreign exchange being broadly neutral as the weakening of the U.S. dollar relative to the South African rand, the British pound and the Mexican peso was offset by the strengthening of the U.S. dollar relative to the Turkish lira and the Brazilian real.
On a Constant $ basis, Adjusted revenue decreased 6% year on year in 2021, driven by a 4% decrease in Avon International and a 9% decrease in Avon Latin America, mostly driven by changes in the severity of COVID-19 restrictions in many markets and the sale of Avon Luxembourg on July 1, 2021. Revenue and Constant $ Adjusted revenue were impacted by a 10% increase in Average Representative Sales offset by a decrease in Active Representatives of 15% in multiple markets and across both Avon International and Avon Latin America and also impacted by a reduction in the frequency of campaign cycles as part of our strategy to simplify our business, with all markets now on a monthly campaign cycle.
Constant $ Adjusted revenue excluding the impact of the sale of Avon Luxembourg decreased by 1% as a 15% increase in Average Representative Sales was offset by an 15% decrease in Active Representatives.
Units sold decreased 16% or decreased 13% excluding the impact of the sale of Avon Luxembourg driven by decreases in both Avon International and Avon Latin America.
See "Segment Review" in this MD&A for additional information related to changes in revenue by segment.
Merger with Natura Cosméticos S.A.
On May 22, 2019, we entered into an Agreement and Plan of Mergers with Natura Cosméticos S.A., a Brazilian corporation (sociedade anônima) ("Natura Cosméticos"), Natura &Co Holding S.A., a Brazilian corporation (sociedade anônima) ("Natura &Co Holding"), and two subsidiaries of Natura &Co Holding S.A. ("Natura &Co") pursuant to which, in a series of transactions, Avon and Natura Cosméticos became direct wholly owned subsidiaries of Natura &Co (the "Transaction"). For additional information see Note 21, Agreement and Plan of Mergers with Natura Cosméticos S.A., to the Consolidated Financial Statements included herein. On January 3, 2020, the Company consummated the Transaction and became a fully owned subsidiary of Natura &Co Holding. In connection with the consummation of the Transaction, the Company notified the New York Stock Exchange ("NYSE") that trading of their stock should be suspended, the Company's common stock was subsequently delisted and deregistered.
COVID-19 pandemic
A novel strain of coronavirus (COVID-19) was first identified in Wuhan, China in December 2019, and subsequently declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization. Due to the uncertain and rapidly evolving nature of current conditions around the
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world, the impacts of COVID-19 most of which are beyond the Company’s control, continue to evolve, and the outcome is uncertain. We are therefore unable to predict accurately the impact that COVID-19 will have on our business going forward.
In 2020, the most significant impact of the COVID-19 pandemic was felt during the second quarter of 2020, as many markets were subject to lockdown restrictions to varying degrees, which limited our ability to recruit and enroll Representatives, operate manufacturing facilities and distribution centers and to process and deliver orders. The pandemic primarily resulted in reduced revenue, which in turn impacted profitability and cash generation. The third quarter of 2020 showed signs of recovery in most markets. The fourth quarter of 2020 has again been impacted by the new lockdown measures imposed in parts of Europe, although not to the extent felt during the second quarter of 2020 as we were able to continue normal operations in our manufacturing facilities and distribution centers.
In 2021, the economic disruption caused by the COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in inflationary pressures on the cost of certain raw materials used in the production of essential items due to the increased demand for these inputs worldwide. These inflationary pressures have been compounded by disruptions in global supply chains and climate events that hit electricity generation globally, among others. Moreover, novel strains and variants of COVID-19 emerged in 2021, and the rollout of vaccination programs worldwide have compromised the ability of certain countries to effectively contain the spread and the toll of the virus.
We continue to monitor the evolution of the Covid-19 pandemic in the markets in which we operate, especially with regard to restrictive measures adopted by these jurisdictions. We continuously analyze the situation and act to minimize impacts on the operations and on the equity and financial position of the Company, with the objective of implementing appropriate measures, ensuring the continuity of operations, hedge cash, improve liquidity and promote the health and safety of all.
In view of this scenario, we review the recoverability expectations of our financial and non-financial assets in the preparation of these financial statements, considering the most recent information available and reflected in the Company’s business plans. In addition, we also consider possible effects on the financial statements including revenues and the continued transition to the digital environment, allowances for doubtful accounts receivable, impairment of non-financial assets, leases, liquidity and capital resources and going concern (see below).
As of the date of this report, we are unable to estimate the long-term economic impact arising from efforts to curb the spread of the COVID-19 virus and the expected reduction in activity on our business, results of operations and financial condition. We will continue to review our revenue, investments, expenses and cash outflows, as well as adjusting our relationships with suppliers. Furthermore, the actions outlined above are continuously being re-evaluated in light of global developments relating to COVID-19. See also “Item 1A. Risk Factors—The COVID-19 pandemic is adversely affecting, and is expected to continue to adversely affect, our operations, manufacturing, supply chains and distribution systems, and we have experienced and expect to continue to experience unpredictable negative effects associated with the pandemic".
Cyber incident
In June 2020, the Company became aware that it was exposed to a cyber incident in its Information Technology ("IT") environment which interrupted some systems and partially affected the Company's operations. We engaged leading external cyber security and IT general controls specialists, launched a comprehensive containment and remediation effort and started a forensic investigation. By mid-August, the Company had re-established all of its core business processes and resumed operations in all of its markets, including all of its distribution centers.
The cyber incident did not have a material impact on our full year 2020 revenue, although it resulted in a shift in revenue from the second quarter to the third quarter of 2020 as the Company fulfilled the order backlog created. The incremental expense incurred as a result of the cyber incident was not material.
Although we had no indication that the accuracy and completeness of any financial information was impacted as a result of the incident, the Company performed extensive procedures immediately after discovering the incident to validate such accuracy and completeness.
Natura &Co - Avon Integration
Subsequent to the merger of Natura and Avon in January 2020, an integration plan (the "Avon Integration") was established to create the right global infrastructure to support the future ambitions of the Natura &Co Group while also identifying synergies and opportunities to leverage our combined strength, scale and reach. Synergies will be derived mainly from procurement, manufacturing/distribution and administrative, as well as top line synergies, primarily between Avon LATAM and Natura &Co Latin America.
Open Up Avon, Open Up & Grow and Transformation Plan
In January 2016, we initiated a transformation plan (the "Transformation Plan"), in order to enable us to achieve our long-term goals of mid-single-digit Constant $ revenue growth and low double-digit operating margin. There are no further restructuring
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actions to be taken associated with our Transformation Plan as, beginning in the third quarter of 2018, all new restructuring actions approved operate under our new Open Up Avon plan described below.
In September 2018, we initiated a new strategy in order to return Avon to growth ("Open Up Avon"). The Open Up Avon strategy is integral to our ability to return Avon to growth, built around the necessity of incorporating new approaches to various elements of our business, including increased utilization of third-party providers in manufacturing and technology, a more fit for purpose asset base, and a focus on enabling our Representatives to more easily interact with the company and achieve relevant earnings. These savings have been and are expected to continue to be achieved through restructuring actions (that have may continue to result in charges related to severance, contract terminations and inventory and other asset write-offs), as well as other cost-savings strategies that would not result in restructuring charges. In January 2019, we announced significant advancements in this strategy, including a structural reset of inventory processes and a reduction in global workforce.
In May 2020, the new leadership of Avon International refreshed our strategy ("Open Up & Grow") which aims to return Avon International to growth over the next three years. Open Up & Grow replaces and builds on the success of the Open Up Avon strategy, launched in 2018 to strengthen competitiveness through enhancing the representative experience, improving brand position and relevance, accelerating digital expansion and improving costs. Over the next three years, savings are expected to continue to be achieved through restructuring actions (that may continue to result in charges related to severance, contract terminations and asset write-offs), as well as other cost-savings strategies that would not result in restructuring charges.
For additional details on restructuring initiatives, see Note 16, Restructuring Initiatives, to the Consolidated Financial Statements included herein.
Sale of Avon Luxembourg Holdings S.à r.l
On July 1, 2021, the Company sold Avon Luxembourg, including our Mexican business, to a subsidiary of Natura &Co Holding for $150, with the proceeds used to repay maturing loans of $150 borrowed under the $250 Revolving Credit Facility with a subsidiary of Natura &Co Holding.
The sale was accounted for as a transaction under common control in accordance with ASC805 - Business Combinations, with the resulting gain of $148 representing the difference between the proceeds, the net assets of Avon Luxembourg on the date of sale, and the cumulative foreign currency translation adjustment, taken directly to retained earnings. For additional information, see the Consolidated Statements of Changes in Shareholders' Deficit.
New Accounting Standards
Information relating to new accounting standards is included in Note 2, New Accounting Standards, to the Consolidated Financial Statements included herein.
Performance Metrics
Within this MD&A, in addition to our key financial metrics of revenue, operating profit and operating margin, we utilize the performance metrics defined below to assist in the evaluation of our business.
Performance Metrics | Definition | |||||||
Change in Active Representatives | This metric is a measure of Representative activity based on the number of unique Representatives submitting at least one order in a sales campaign, totaled for all campaigns in the related period. To determine the change in Active Representatives, this calculation is compared to the same calculation in the corresponding period of the prior year. Orders in China are excluded from this metric as our business in China is predominantly retail. | |||||||
Change in Average Representative Sales | This metric is a measure of Representative productivity. The calculation is the difference of the year-over-year change in revenue on a Constant $ basis and the Change in Active Representatives. Change in Average Representative Sales may be impacted by a combination of factors such as inflation, units, product mix, and/or pricing. |
Non-GAAP Financial Measures
To supplement our financial results presented in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the U.S. ("GAAP"), we disclose operating results that have been adjusted to exclude the impact of changes due to the translation of foreign currencies into U.S. dollars, including changes in: revenue, Adjusted revenue, operating profit, Adjusted operating profit, operating margin and Adjusted operating margin. We refer to these adjusted financial measures as Constant $ items, which are Non-GAAP financial measures. We believe these measures provide investors an additional perspective on trends and underlying business results. To exclude the impact of changes due to the translation of foreign currencies into U.S. dollars, we
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calculate current-year results and prior-year results at constant exchange rates, which are updated on an annual basis as part of our budgeting process. Foreign currency impact is determined as the difference between actual growth rates and Constant $ growth rates.
We also present revenue, gross margin, SG&A as a percentage of revenue, operating profit, operating margin and income (loss) before taxes on a Non-GAAP basis. We refer to these Non-GAAP financial measures as "Adjusted." We have provided a quantitative reconciliation of the difference between the Non-GAAP financial measures and financial measures calculated and reported in accordance with GAAP. See "Reconciliation of Non-GAAP Financial Measures" within "Results of Operations - Consolidated" in this MD&A for this quantitative reconciliation.
The Company uses the Non-GAAP financial measures to evaluate its operating performance. These Non-GAAP measures should not be considered in isolation, or as a substitute for, or superior to, financial measures calculated in accordance with GAAP. The Company believes investors find the Non-GAAP information helpful in understanding the ongoing performance of operations separate from items that may have a disproportionate positive or negative impact on the Company's financial results in any particular period. The Company believes that it is meaningful for investors to be made aware of the impacts of 1) certain Brazil indirect taxes; 2) CTI restructuring initiatives; 3) costs related to the Transaction; 4) costs associated with the early termination of debt and credit facilities; and 5) one-time tax items that are not associated with recurring, normal operations ("Special tax items") which are provided below.
(1) 2021 includes the impact of certain Brazil indirect taxes, which were recorded in product sales and selling, general and administrative expenses, net in the amounts of approximately $21 and approximately $2, respectively. The corresponding tax impact was approximately $7. 2020 includes the impact of certain Brazil indirect taxes, which were recorded in selling, general and administrative expenses, net in the amounts of approximately $11. The corresponding tax impact was approximately $4. 2019 included the impact of certain Brazil indirect taxes, which were recorded in product sales and other income (expense), net in the amounts of approximately $68 and approximately $50, respectively, in our Consolidated Income Statements. The corresponding tax impact was approximately $23. See Note 20, Supplemental Balance Sheet Information, to the Consolidated Financial Statements contained herein for further information.
(2) CTI restructuring initiatives includes the impact on the Consolidated Statements of Operations for all periods presented of net charges incurred on approved restructuring initiatives. See Note 16, Restructuring Initiative, to the Consolidated Financial Statements contained herein for further information.
(3) During 2020, the Company recorded approximately $86 of costs related to the Transaction, primarily including professional fees incurred of approximately $46, severance payments of approximately $25 and acceleration of share based compensation of approximately $10 relating to these terminations triggered by change in control provisions. During 2019, the Company recorded approximately $64 of costs related to the Transaction, primarily including professional fees and impairment losses on assets. See Note 21, Agreement and Plan of Mergers with Natura Cosméticos S.A., to the Consolidated Financial Statements contained herein and "Agreement and Plan of Mergers with Natura Cosméticos S.A.," in this MD&A for further information.
(4) During 2020, the Company incurred costs of $38 associated with the early termination of debt and credit facilities. During 2019, the Company incurred costs of $9 associated with the early termination of debt.
See Note 18, Contingencies, Note 16, Restructuring Initiatives, Note 14, Segment Information, Note 1, Description of the Business and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies, Note 7, Debt and Other Financing, and Note 9, Income Taxes, to the Consolidated Financial Statements included herein. See also "Effective Tax Rate" in this MD&A, and "Results Of Operations - Consolidated" below, for more information on these items.
Sale of Avon Luxembourg Holdings S.à r.l
On July 1, 2021, the Company sold Avon Luxembourg, including our Mexican business, to a subsidiary of Natura &Co Holding for $150, with the proceeds used to repay maturing loans of $150 borrowed under the $250 Revolving Credit Facility with a subsidiary of Natura &Co Holding. The sale was accounted for as a transaction under common control in accordance with ASC805 - Business Combinations, with the resulting gain of $148 representing the difference between the proceeds, the net assets of Avon Luxembourg on the date of sale, and the cumulative foreign currency translation adjustment, taken directly to Retained Earnings. For additional information, see the Consolidated Statements of Changes in Shareholders' Deficit.
The sale did not qualify for accounting as a discontinued operation in accordance with ASC805 - Business Combinations on the basis that it did not represent a strategic shift having a major effect on the Company's operations and, as a result, the results of operations in prior periods include the results of Avon Luxembourg Holdings S.à r.l. and its subsidiaries. While not a non-GAAP measure, in order to better evaluate the ongoing operating performance of the remaining group, the tables below also identify the prior period impacts of the sale of Avon Luxembourg Holdings S.à r.l. and its subsidiaries, including our Mexican business.
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Critical Accounting Estimates
We believe the accounting policies described below represent our critical accounting policies due to the estimation processes involved in each. See Note 1, Description of the Business and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies, to the Consolidated Financial Statements included herein for a detailed discussion of the application of these and other accounting policies.
Revenue Recognition
Revenue is recognized when control of a product or service is transferred to a customer, which is generally the Representative. Revenue is measured based on the consideration specified in a contract with a customer and excludes amounts collected on behalf of third parties, such as Value Added Taxes collected for taxing authorities.
Our contracts with Representatives often include multiple promises to transfer products and/or services to the Representative and determining which of these products and/or services are considered distinct performance obligations that should be accounted for separately. When assessing the recognition of revenue for the identified performance obligations, management has exercised significant judgment in the following areas: estimation of variable consideration and the stand-alone selling prices ("SSP") of promised goods or services delivered under sales incentives to determine and allocate the transaction price.
Typically included within a contract with customers is variable consideration, such as sales returns and late payment fees. Revenue is only recorded to the extent it is probable that it will not be reversed, and therefore revenue is adjusted for variable consideration. Judgment is required to estimate the variable consideration. The Company uses the expected value method, which considers possible outcomes weighted by their probability. Specifically, for sales returns, a refund liability will be recorded for the estimated cash to be refunded for the products expected to be returned, and a returns asset will be recorded for the products which we expect to be returned and re-sold, each of these based on historical experience. The estimate of sales returns as well as the measurement of the returns asset and the refund liability is updated at the end of each month for changes in expectations regarding the amount of salvageable returns, reconditioning costs and any additional decreases in the value of the returned products. Late payment fees are recorded when the uncertainty associated with collecting such fees are resolved (i.e., when collected).
Additionally, management has exercised significant judgment in the estimation of the SSP of promised goods or services delivered under sales incentives such as status programs, loyalty points, prospective discounts, and gift with purchase, among others, to determine and allocate the transaction price. SSP represents the estimated market value, or the estimated amount that could be charged for that material right when the entity sells it separately in similar circumstances to similar customers. Judgment is required to determine the SSP for each distinct performance obligation. In instances where SSP is not directly observable, such as when we do not sell the product or service separately, including for certain sales incentives, we determine the SSP using information that may include market prices and other observable inputs.
Allowances for Doubtful Accounts Receivable
Representatives contact their customers, selling primarily through the use of brochures for each sales campaign, generally on credit if the Representatives meet certain criteria. Sales campaigns are generally a month in duration. The Representative purchases products directly from us and may or may not sell them to an end user. In general, the Representative, an independent contractor, remits a payment to us during each sales campaign, which relates to the prior campaign cycle. The Representative is generally precluded from submitting an order for the current sales campaign until the accounts receivable balance past due for prior campaigns is paid; however, there are circumstances where the Representative fails to make the required payment. We record an estimate of an allowance for doubtful accounts on receivable balances based on an analysis of historical data and, as applicable, current conditions and reasonable and supportable forecasts that affect collectability, including seasonality and changing trends and the impact of COVID-19. Over the past three years, annual bad debt expense was $62 in 2021, $78 in 2020 and $115 in 2019, or approximately 2% of total revenue in 2021, 2020 and 2019. The allowance for doubtful accounts is reviewed for adequacy, at a minimum, on a quarterly basis. We generally have no detailed information concerning, or any communication with, any end user of our products beyond the Representative. We have no legal recourse against the end user for the collection of any accounts receivable balances due from the Representative to us. If the financial condition of the Representatives were to deteriorate, resulting in their inability to make payments, additional allowances may be required.
Allowances for Sales Returns
Policies and practices for product returns vary by jurisdiction. We record a provision for estimated sales returns based on historical experience with product returns. Over the past three years, annual sales returns were $76 for 2021, $101 for 2020 and $133 for 2019, or 2-4% of total revenue in each year, which has been generally in line with our expectations. If the historical data we use to calculate these estimates does not approximate future returns, due to changes in marketing or promotional strategies, or for other reasons, additional allowances may be required.
Provisions for Inventory Obsolescence
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We record an allowance for estimated obsolescence, when applicable, equal to the difference between the cost of inventory and the net realizable value. In determining the allowance for estimated obsolescence, we classify inventory into various categories based upon its stage in the product life cycle, future marketing sales plans and the disposition process. We assign a degree of obsolescence risk to products based on this classification to estimate the level of obsolescence provision. If actual sales are less favorable than those projected, additional inventory allowances may need to be recorded for such additional obsolescence. Annual obsolescence expense was $27 in 2021, $38 in 2020 and $37 in 2019, or approximately 1% of total revenue in 2021, 2020 and 2019.
Pension and Postretirement Expense
We maintain defined benefit pension plans, the most significant of which are in the UK, Germany and the U.S. However, our U.S. defined benefit pension plan is closed to employees hired on or after January 1, 2015 and the UK defined benefit pension plan was frozen for future accruals as of April 1, 2013 and closed to employees hired on or after September 30, 2006. Additionally, we have unfunded supplemental pension benefit plans for some current and retired executives and provide retiree health care benefits subject to certain limitations to certain retired employees in the U.S. and certain foreign countries. See Note 13, Employee Benefit Plans, to the Consolidated Financial Statements included herein for more information on our benefit plans.
Pension and postretirement expense and the requirements for funding our major pension plans are determined based on a number of actuarial assumptions, which are generally reviewed and determined on an annual basis. These assumptions include the discount rate applied to plan obligations, the expected rate of return on plan assets, the rate of compensation increase of plan participants, interest crediting rates, price inflation, cost-of-living adjustments, mortality rates and certain other demographic assumptions, and other factors. We use a December 31 measurement date for all of our employee benefit plans.
For 2021, the weighted average assumed rate of return on all pension plan assets was 2.45%, as compared with 2.74% for 2020. In determining the long-term rates of return, we consider the nature of the plans’ investments, an expectation for the plans’ investment strategies, historical rates of return and current economic forecasts. We generally evaluate the expected long-term rates of return annually and adjust as necessary.
In some of our defined benefit pension plans, we have adopted investment strategies which are designed to match the movements in the pension liability through an increased allocation towards debt securities. In addition, we also utilize derivative instruments in our UK defined benefit pension plans to hedge certain risks. Derivative instruments may include, but are not limited to, futures, options, swaps or swaptions. Investment types, including the use of derivatives are based on written guidelines established for each investment manager and monitored by the plan's investment committee.
A significant portion of our pension plan assets relate to the UK defined benefit pension plan. The assumed rate of return for determining 2021 net periodic benefit cost for the UK defined benefit pension plan was 2.10%. In addition, the 2021 rate of return assumption for the UK defined benefit pension plan was based on an asset allocation of approximately 76% in liability driven investments, approximately 24% in equity securities, emerging market debt and high yield securities. In addition to the physical assets, the asset portfolio for the UK defined benefit pension plan has derivative instruments which increase our exposure to fixed income (in order to better match liabilities). The rate of return on the plan assets in the UK was approximately 3.4% in 2021 and approximately 11.4% in 2020.
The discount rate used for determining the present value of future pension obligations for each individual plan is based on a review of bonds that receive a high-quality rating from a recognized rating agency. The discount rates for calculating the balance sheet obligations of our more significant plans, including our UK defined benefit pension plan and our U.S. defined benefit pension plan, were based on the internal rates of return for a portfolio of high-quality bonds with maturities that are consistent with the projected future benefit payment obligations of each plan. The weighted-average discount rate for U.S. and non-U.S. defined benefit pension plans determined on this basis was 2.15% at December 31, 2021, and 1.53% at December 31, 2020. For the determination of the expected rates of return on assets and the discount rates, we take external actuarial and investment advice into consideration.
Our funding requirements may be impacted by standards and regulations or interpretations thereof. Our calculations of pension and postretirement costs are dependent on the use of assumptions, including discount rates, hybrid plan maximum interest crediting rates and expected return on plan assets discussed above, rate of compensation increase of plan participants, interest cost, benefits earned, mortality rates, the number of participants and certain demographics and other factors. Actual results that differ from assumptions are accumulated and amortized to expense over future periods and, therefore, generally affect recognized expense in future periods. At December 31, 2021, we had pretax actuarial losses and prior service credits totaling approximately $15 for the U.S. defined benefit pension and postretirement plans and approximately $125 for the non-U.S. defined benefit pension and postretirement plans that have not yet been charged to expense. These actuarial losses have been charged to AOCI within shareholders’ equity. While we believe that the assumptions used are reasonable, differences in actual experience or changes in assumptions may materially affect our pension and postretirement obligations and future expense. For
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2022, our assumption for the expected rate of return on assets is 4.6% for our U.S. defined benefit pension plan and 2.19% for our non-U.S. defined benefit pension plans (which includes 1.9% for our UK defined benefit pension plan). Our assumptions are generally reviewed and determined on an annual basis.
A 50 basis point change (in either direction) in the expected rate of return on plan assets, the discount rate or the rate of compensation increases, would have had approximately the following effect on 2021 pension expense and the pension benefit obligation at December 31, 2021:
Increase/(Decrease) in Pension Expense | Increase/(Decrease) in Pension Obligation | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
50 Basis Point | 50 Basis Point | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Increase | Decrease | Increase | Decrease | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Rate of return on assets | $ | (3.7) | $ | 3.7 | N/A | N/A | ||||||||||||||||||||
Discount rate | .5 | (.9) | $ | (53.5) | $ | 57.8 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Rate of compensation increase | .5 | (.5) | 2.5 | (2.4) |
Restructuring Reserves
We record the estimated expense for our restructuring initiatives when such costs are deemed probable and estimable, when approved by the appropriate corporate authority and by accumulating detailed estimates of costs for such plans. These expenses include the estimated costs of employee severance and related benefits, inventory write-offs, impairment or accelerated depreciation of property, plant and equipment and capitalized software, and any other qualifying exit costs. These estimated costs are grouped by specific projects within the overall plan and are then monitored on a quarterly basis by finance personnel. Such costs represent our best estimate, but require assumptions about the programs that may change over time, including attrition rates. Estimates are evaluated periodically to determine whether an adjustment is required.
Taxes
We record a valuation allowance to reduce our deferred tax assets to an amount that is "more likely than not" to be realized. Evaluating the need for and quantifying the valuation allowance often requires significant judgment and extensive analysis of all the weighted positive and negative evidence available to the Company in order to determine whether all or some portion of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. In performing this analysis, the Company’s forecasted U.S. and foreign taxable income, and the existence of potential prudent and feasible tax planning strategies that would enable the Company to utilize some or all of its deferred tax assets, are taken into consideration. At December 31, 2021, we had net deferred tax assets of approximately $121 (net of valuation allowances of approximately $815 and deferred tax liabilities of $2).
We monitor the realizability of our deferred tax assets on a continuous basis. Should macroeconomic and socio-political conditions change or our business operations do not improve, approximately $67 of deferred tax assets could potentially need to be offset with the recording of a valuation allowance during the next 12 months. The deferred tax assets are associated with Avon subsidiary operations that suffered a loss in earnings before tax during 2021.
At December 31, 2021, we continue to assert that substantially all of our foreign earnings are indefinitely reinvested. At December 31, 2021 the company’s undistributed foreign earnings is approximately $1.2 billion and would generate an approximate $7.9 of income tax if repatriated from the local subsidiaries.
With respect to our uncertain tax positions, we recognize the benefit of a tax position, if that position is more likely than not of being sustained on examination by the taxing authorities, based on the technical merits of the position. We believe that our assessment of more likely than not is reasonable, but because of the subjectivity involved and the unpredictable nature of the subject matter at issue, our assessment may prove ultimately to be incorrect, which could materially impact our Consolidated Financial Statements.
Loss Contingencies
We determine whether to disclose and/or accrue for loss contingencies based on an assessment of whether the risk of loss is remote, reasonably possible or probable. We record loss contingencies when it is probable that a liability has been incurred and the amount of loss is reasonably estimable. Our assessment is developed in consultation with our outside counsel and other advisors and is based on an analysis of possible outcomes under various strategies. Loss contingency assumptions involve judgments that are inherently subjective and can involve matters that are in litigation, which, by its nature is unpredictable. We believe that our assessment of the probability of loss contingencies is reasonable, but because of the subjectivity involved and the unpredictable nature of the subject matter at issue, our assessment may prove ultimately to be incorrect, which could materially impact our Consolidated Financial Statements.
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Impairment of Assets
Plant, Property and Equipment and Capitalized Software
We evaluate our plant, property and equipment and capitalized software for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset group may not be recoverable. Recoverability of assets to be held and used is measured by a comparison of the carrying amount of an asset to estimated pre-tax undiscounted future cash flows expected to be generated by the asset. If the carrying amount of an asset exceeds its estimated future cash flows, an impairment charge is recognized for the amount by which the carrying amount of the asset exceeds the fair value of the asset. The fair value of the asset is determined using revenue and cash flow projections, and royalty and discount rates, as appropriate.
Goodwill
We test goodwill for impairment annually, and more frequently if circumstances warrant, using various fair value methods. We completed our annual goodwill impairment assessment for 2021 in December and determined that the estimated fair values were substantially in excess of the carrying values of each of our reporting units.
The impairment analyses performed for goodwill require several estimates in computing the estimated fair value of a reporting unit. As part of our goodwill impairment analysis, we typically use a discounted cash flow ("DCF") approach to estimate the fair value of a reporting unit, which we believe is the most reliable indicator of fair value of a business, and is most consistent with the approach that we would generally expect a market participant would use. In estimating the fair value of our reporting units utilizing a DCF approach, we typically forecast revenue and the resulting cash flows for periods of five to ten years and include an estimated terminal value at the end of the forecasted period. When determining the appropriate forecast period for the DCF approach, we consider the amount of time required before the reporting unit achieves what we consider a normalized, sustainable level of cash flows. The estimation of fair value utilizing a DCF approach includes numerous uncertainties which require significant judgment when making assumptions of expected growth rates and the selection of discount rates, as well as assumptions regarding general economic and business conditions, and the structure that would yield the highest economic value, among other factors.
The majority of our goodwill is held in our business in Colombia. The key assumptions supporting the impairment analysis for this business were forecast cash flows based on 2022 budgets, a discount rate of 12.2% and a long-term growth rate of nil. Using these assumptions we determined that the estimated fair value of our business in Colombia was approximately 35% higher than its carrying value. The forecast cash flows are driven by assumptions around operating margin and are particularly sensitive to the business’ ability to achieve its 2022 budget, which, in turn, is dependent on the business being able to return margins to historic levels achieved prior to 2020. If in isolation, either the forecast operating margin were to decrease by 200 basis points or the discount rate was increased by 470 basis points then headroom would be eroded to nil.
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Results Of Operations - Consolidated
Years ended December 31 | Percentage/Basis Point Change | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2021 | 2020 | 2019 | 2021 vs. 2020 | 2020 vs. 2019 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Select Consolidated Financial Information | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total revenue | $ | 3,404.5 | $ | 3,625.2 | $ | 4,763.2 | (6) | % | (24) | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Cost of sales | (1,439.1) | (1,588.6) | (2,010.1) | (9) | % | (21) | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Cost of sales from affiliates of Natura &Co | (22.4) | (5.9) | — | * | * | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
SG&A expenses | (2,001.4) | (2,152.9) | (2,627.5) | (7) | % | (18) | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Operating (loss) profit | (58.4) | (122.2) | 125.6 | (52) | % | * | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Interest expense | (63.5) | (119.6) | (127.6) | (47) | % | (6) | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Interest expense on Loan from affiliates of Natura &Co | (50.6) | (7.5) | — | * | * | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Loss on extinguishment of debt | — | (37.7) | (11.6) | * | * | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Interest income | 2.2 | 2.1 | 7.7 | 5 | % | (73) | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Gain on sale of business / assets | 9.9 | 1.5 | 50.1 | * | (97) | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Other income (expense), net | 1.6 | (20.2) | 94.2 | * | * | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
(Loss) Income from continuing operations, before taxes | (158.8) | (303.6) | 138.4 | (48) | % | * | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
(Loss) Income from continuing operations, net of tax | (175.0) | (337.6) | 35.3 | (48) | % | * | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Net loss attributable to Avon | $ | (192.1) | $ | (362.8) | $ | (.3) | (47) | % | * | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
* | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Advertising expenses(1) | $ | 67.8 | $ | 59.9 | $ | 72.9 | 13 | % | (18) | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Reconciliation of Non-GAAP Financial Measures | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total revenue | $ | 3,404.5 | $ | 3,625.2 | $ | 4,763.2 | (6) | % | (24) | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Certain Brazil taxes | (21.5) | — | (67.7) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Adjusted revenue | $ | 3,383.0 | $ | 3,625.2 | $ | 4,695.5 | (7) | % | (23) | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Avon Luxembourg | (249.2) | (431.8) | (509.4) | * | (15) | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Adjusted revenue excluding Avon Luxembourg | 3,133.8 | $ | 3,193.4 | $ | 4,186.1 | (2) | % | (24) | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Gross margin | 57.1 | % | 56.0 | % | 57.8 | % | 110 | (180) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Certain Brazil taxes | (.3) | — | (.6) | (30) | 60 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
CTI restructuring | — | — | .3 | — | (30) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Adjusted gross margin | 56.8 | % | 56.0 | % | 57.5 | % | 80 | (150) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Avon Luxembourg | .5 | % | .8 | % | 1.0 | % | (30) | (20) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Adjusted gross margin excluding Avon Luxembourg | 57.3 | % | 56.8 | % | 58.5 | % | 50 | (170) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
SG&A as a % of total revenue | 58.8 | % | 59.4 | % | 55.2 | % | (60) | 420 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Certain Brazil taxes | .3 | .3 | .7 | — | (40) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
CTI restructuring | (2.0) | (.7) | (2.7) | (130) | 200 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Costs related to the Transaction | — | (2.4) | (1.3) | 240 | (110) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Adjusted SG&A as a % of total revenue | 57.1 | % | 56.6 | % | 51.9 | % | 50 | 470 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Avon Luxembourg | 1.2 | % | 1.7 | % | 1.1 | % | (50) | 60 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Adjusted selling, general and administrative expenses as a % of total revenue excluding Avon Luxembourg | 58.3 | % | 58.3 | % | 53.0 | % | — | 530 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Operating (loss) profit | $ | (58.4) | $ | (122.2) | $ | 125.6 | (52) | % | * | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Certain Brazil taxes | (19.8) | (10.6) | (67.7) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
CTI restructuring | 68.7 | 23.7 | 139.3 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Costs related to the Transaction | — | 85.8 | 64.3 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Years ended December 31 | Percentage/Basis Point Change | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2021 | 2020 | 2019 | 2021 vs. 2020 | 2020 vs. 2019 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Adjusted operating (loss) profit | $ | (9.5) | $ | (23.3) | $ | 261.5 | (59) | % | * | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Avon Luxembourg | (21.3) | (27.6) | (32.9) | * | (16) | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Adjusted operating (loss) profit excluding Avon Luxembourg | $ | (30.8) | $ | (50.9) | $ | 228.6 | (39) | % | * | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Operating margin | (1.7) | % | (3.4) | % | 2.6 | % | 170 | (600) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Certain Brazil taxes | (.6) | (.3) | (1.2) | (30) | 90 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
CTI restructuring | 2.0 | .7 | 2.9 | 130 | (220) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Costs related to the Transaction | — | 2.4 | 1.3 | (240) | 110 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Adjusted operating margin | (.3) | % | (.6) | % | 5.6 | % | 30 | (620) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Avon Luxembourg | (.7) | % | (1.0) | % | (.1) | % | 30 | (90) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Adjusted operating margin excluding Avon Luxembourg | (1.0) | % | (1.6) | % | 5.5 | % | 60 | (710) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Change in Constant $ Adjusted operating margin(2) | 100 | (540) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
(Loss) income before taxes | $ | (158.8) | $ | (303.6) | $ | 138.4 | (48) | % | * | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Certain Brazil taxes | (23.6) | (10.6) | (118.3) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
CTI restructuring | 58.8 | 22.2 | 116.0 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Costs related to the Transaction | — | 85.8 | 64.3 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Loss on extinguishment of debt and credit facilities | — | 37.7 | 8.9 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Adjusted (loss) income before taxes | $ | (123.6) | $ | (168.5) | $ | 209.3 | (27) | % | * | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Effective tax rate | (10.2) | % | (11.2) | % | 74.5 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Adjusted effective tax rate | (9.3) | % | (18.8) | % | 44.0 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Performance Metrics | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Change in Active Representatives | (15) | % | (14) | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Change in units sold | (16) | % | (14) | % |
Amounts in the table above may not necessarily sum due to rounding.
* Calculation not meaningful
(1)Advertising expenses are recorded in SG&A.
(2)Change in Constant $ Adjusted operating margin for all years presented is calculated using the current-year Constant $ rates.
2021 Compared to 2020
Revenue
Total revenue decreased 6% compared to the prior-year period, impacted by certain indirect taxes recognized in Brazil. Excluding these items, Adjusted revenue was down 7%, with the impact of foreign exchange being broadly neutral as the weakening of the U.S. dollar relative to the South African rand, the British pound and the Mexican peso was offset by the strengthening of the U.S. dollar relative to the Turkish lira and the Brazilian real.
On a Constant $ basis, Adjusted revenue decreased 6% year on year driven by a 4% decrease in Avon International and a 9% decrease in Avon Latin America, mostly driven by changes in the severity of COVID-19 restrictions in many markets and the sale of Avon Luxembourg on July 1, 2021. Revenue and Constant $ Adjusted revenue were impacted by a 10% increase in Average Representative Sales offset by a decrease in Active Representatives of 15% in multiple markets and across both Avon International and Avon Latin America and also impacted by a reduction in the frequency of campaign cycles as part of our strategy to simplify our business, with all markets now on a monthly campaign cycle.
Constant $ Adjusted revenue excluding the impact of the sale of Avon Luxembourg decreased by 1% as a 15% increase in Average Representative Sales was offset by an 15% decrease in Active Representatives.
Units sold decreased 16% or decreased 13% excluding the impact of the sale of Avon Luxembourg driven by decreases in both Avon International and Avon Latin America.
42
See "Segment Review" in this MD&A for additional information related to changes in revenue by segment.
Operating Margin
Operating margin increased 170 basis points, significantly benefiting from costs related to the Natura transaction in the prior-year period and an increase in receipts of certain Brazil taxes in the current year, partially offset by increased restructuring expenses in the current year. Excluding these items, Adjusted operating margin increased 30 basis points compared to the prior-year period. The impact of foreign exchange on Adjusted operating margin was broadly neutral and Constant $ Adjusted Operating Margin improved slightly mostly driven by the increase in gross margin. The movements in operating margin and Adjusted operating margin are discussed further below in "Gross Margin" and "Selling, General and Administrative Expenses".
Gross Margin
Adjusted gross margin increased 80 basis points compared to the same period of 2020 as the positive impact of price/mix more than offset unfavorable impact of foreign currency movements and higher supply chain costs.
Selling, General and Administrative Expenses ("SG&A")
SG&A as a percentage of total revenue decreased 60 basis points, significantly impacted by costs related to the Natura transaction in the prior year period. This benefit was partially offset by increased restructuring expenses in the current year. Excluding these items, Adjusted SG&A as a percentage of Adjusted revenue increased 50 basis points, compared to the same period of 2020, as lower bad debt and sales leader and field investments were offset by higher advertising expenses and the impact of lower revenues, which resulted in a deleveraging of our fixed expenses.
Other Expenses
Interest expense decreased by approximately $13 and interest income remained relatively unchanged compared to 2020.
Other income, net, of $2 increased by approximately $22 compared to other expense, net of $20 in the prior-year period, primarily attributable to lower foreign exchange losses and lower pension and postretirement plan costs in the current year period.
Loss on extinguishment of debt and credit facilities was nil in 2021 compared to approximately $38 in 2020, as we did not redeem, repurchase or terminate debt in 2021 while in 2020 we redeemed the remaining principal amounts of our 2016 Notes due August 15, 2022 and our 2019 Notes due August 15, 2022 in November 2020, repurchased a portion of our 6.95% Notes due March 15, 2043 in September 2020, and terminated our 2019 revolving credit facility in January 2020.
Gain on sale of business/assets in 2021 of $10 related primarily to the sale of the Spanish Distribution Center in September 2021. Gain on sale of business/assets in 2020 of $2 related primarily to the sale of the China Wellness Plant in August 2020. Refer to Note 3, Discontinued Operations and Assets and Liabilities Held for Sale, to the Consolidated Financial Statements contained herein, for more information relating to these disposals.
Effective Tax Rate
The Adjusted effective tax rates and the effective tax rates in 2021 and 2020 continue to be impacted by our inability to recognize additional deferred tax assets in various jurisdictions related to our current-year operating results. In addition, the Adjusted effective tax rates and the effective tax rates in 2021 and 2020 continue to be impacted by withholding taxes associated with certain intercompany payments, including royalties, service charges and dividends, which in the aggregate are relatively consistent each year due to the need to repatriate funds to cover U.S.-based costs, such as interest on debt and corporate overhead.
The Adjusted effective tax rate and the effective tax rate in 2021 were impacted by an approximate net $6.4 benefit recognized due to a $10.8 reduction of uncertain tax positions offset with a net charge of approximately $3.7 associated with an increase in valuation allowances and approximately $.7 of other various taxes associated with changes in tax estimates. The effective tax rate in 2021 was also impacted by CTI restructuring and debt extinguishments for which tax benefits cannot currently be claimed in all affected jurisdictions.
The Adjusted effective tax rate and the effective tax rate in 2020 were impacted by an approximate net $3 benefit recognized due to a $13 reduction of uncertain tax positions offset with a net charge of approximately $4 associated with an increase in valuation allowances and approximately $6 of other various taxes associated with changes in tax estimates. The effective tax rate in 2020 was also impacted by CTI restructuring for which tax benefits cannot currently be claimed in all affected jurisdictions.
In addition, the Adjusted effective tax rates and the effective tax rates in 2021 and 2020 were negatively impacted by the country mix of earnings.
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Impact of Foreign Currency
As compared to the prior-year period, foreign currency in 2021 impacted our consolidated financial results in the form of:
•foreign currency transaction losses (classified within cost of sales and SG&A in our Consolidated Statements of Operations), which had an unfavorable impact to operating profit and Adjusted operating profit of approximately $25, or approximately 50 basis points to both operating margin and Adjusted operating margin;
•foreign currency translation, which had an unfavorable impact to operating profit and Adjusted operating profit of approximately $5, or less than 50 basis points on both operating margin and Adjusted operating margin; and
•foreign exchange net gains, on our working capital (classified within other income (expense), net in our Consolidated Statements of Operations) as compared to losses in the prior year, resulting in a favorable impact of approximately $5 before tax on both a reported and Adjusted basis.
2020 Compared to 2019
Revenue
Total revenue decreased 24% compared to the prior-year period, impacted by certain indirect taxes recognized in Brazil in the prior year. Excluding these items, Adjusted revenue was down 23%, unfavorably impacted by foreign exchange, which was driven by the strengthening of the U.S. dollar relative to multiple currencies, primarily the Brazilian real. Adjusted Constant $ Revenue decreased 14%.
Revenue and Constant $ Adjusted revenue were impacted by a decrease in Active Representatives of 14%, across all markets. Average Representative Sales decreased 10% on a reported basis, unfavorably impacted by foreign exchange, and Constant $ Adjusted Average Representative Sales remained flat. Revenue and Constant $ Adjusted revenue were affected by the COVID-19 pandemic, which negatively impacted the initial signs of recovery from a lower Representative base in 2019. The third quarter showed improving trends across most markets and resulted in revenue growth in Brazil and Mexico which continued in the fourth quarter, while Avon International has again been impacted by the new COVID-19 restrictions imposed in parts of Europe, although not to the extent felt during the second quarter as we were able to continue with normal operations in our manufacturing facilities and distribution centers.
Units sold decreased 14%, across all markets, with Brazil relatively unchanged compared to the prior year period.
See "Segment Review" in this MD&A for additional information related to changes in revenue by segment.
Operating Margin
Operating margin decreased 600 basis points, impacted by costs related to the Natura transaction in both the current and prior year and by higher CTI restructuring charges in the prior year. Excluding these items, Adjusted operating margin decreased 620 basis points, mostly due to the impact of lower revenue on SG&A expenses as well as a decline in gross margin. The movements in operating margin and Adjusted operating margin are discussed further below in "Gross Margin" and "Selling, General and Administrative Expenses."
Gross Margin
Gross margin decreased 180 basis points, impacted by certain indirect tax items recognized in Brazil in the prior year. Excluding these items, Adjusted gross margin decreased 150 basis points as the positive impact of price/mix did not fully offset the impact of higher supply chain costs, primarily due to lower volume on fixed overhead costs and increased material costs, and the unfavorable impact of foreign currency. The unfavorable impact of foreign currency is largely due to currency devaluations in Brazil and Argentina.
Selling, General and Administrative Expenses ("SG&A")
SG&A as a percentage of total revenue increased 420 basis points, impacted by costs related to the Natura transaction in the current and prior year and higher CTI restructuring charges in the prior year. Adjusted SG&A as a percentage of Adjusted revenue increased 470 basis points, compared to the same period of 2019.
The increase in SG&A as a percentage of total revenue and Adjusted SG&A as a percentage of Adjusted revenue were largely due to the impact of COVID-19, which caused deleverage of our fixed expenses as a percentage of lower revenue. In addition, SG&A as a percentage of total revenue and Adjusted SG&A as a percentage of Adjusted revenue were impacted by increased investment in sales leaders and field to maintain engagement in response to COVID-19, drive productivity and accelerate revenue recovery, as well as increased distribution costs across multiple markets, including enhanced safety actions relating to COVID-19.
44
Other Expenses
Interest expense decreased by approximately $1 and interest income decreased by approximately $6 compared to 2019.
Loss on extinguishment of debt and credit facilities of approximately $38 in 2020 is primarily comprised of the costs of redemption of the remaining principal amounts of our 2016 Notes due August 15, 2022 and our 2019 Notes due August 15, 2022 in November 2020, the repurchase of a portion of our 6.95% Notes due March 15, 2043 in September 2020 and the costs of termination of our 2019 revolving credit facility in January 2020. Loss on extinguishment of debt and credit facilities of approximately $12 in 2019 consists primarily of the costs of termination of a portion of the 2020 bonds repaid in the third and fourth quarters of 2019. Refer to Note 7, Debt, to the Consolidated Financial Statements included herein for more information relating to these extinguishments of debt and credit facilities.
Other expense, net, of $20 decreased by approximately $114 compared to other income, net of $94 in the prior-year period. The prior period income was primarily attributable to the impact of interest on certain indirect tax items recognized in Brazil of
approximately $50 and the favorable impact of foreign exchange net gains in 2019 compared to losses in 2020.
Gain on sale of business/assets in 2020 of $2 related primarily to the sale of the China Wellness Plant in August 2020. Gain on sale of business/assets in 2019 related to the sale of the Rye Office, Maximin Corporation Sdn Bhd and Avon Manufacturing (Guangzhou), Ltd in June, May and February 2019, respectively, and the sale of our investment in New Avon in August 2019. Refer to Note 3, Discontinued Operations and Assets and Liabilities Held for Sale, to the Consolidated Financial Statements contained herein, for more information relating to these disposals.
Effective Tax Rate
The Adjusted effective tax rates and the effective tax rates in 2020 and 2019 continue to be impacted by our inability to recognize additional deferred tax assets in various jurisdictions related to our current-year operating results. In addition, the Adjusted effective tax rates and the effective tax rates in 2020 and 2019 continue to be impacted by withholding taxes associated with certain intercompany payments, including royalties, service charges and dividends, which in the aggregate are relatively consistent each year due to the need to repatriate funds to cover U.S.-based costs, such as interest on debt and corporate overhead.
The Adjusted effective tax rate and the effective tax rate in 2020 were impacted by an approximate net $3 benefit recognized due to a $13 reduction of uncertain tax positions offset with a net charge of approximately $4 associated with an increase in valuation allowances and approximately $6 of other various taxes associated with changes in tax estimates. The effective tax rate in 2020 was also impacted by CTI restructuring and debt extinguishments for which tax benefits cannot currently be claimed in all affected jurisdictions.
The Adjusted effective tax rate and the effective tax rate in 2019 were impacted by an approximate net $13 benefit recognized primarily due to reduced costs of repatriating subsidiary earnings and approximately $7 of other various net tax benefits associated with law changes, uncertain tax positions, and changes in tax estimates partially offset by a net charge of approximately $5 primarily associated with an increase in valuation allowances. The effective tax rate in 2019 was also impacted by the accrual of non-taxable income associated with indirect tax refunds and CTI restructuring for which tax benefits cannot currently be claimed in all affected jurisdictions.
In addition, the Adjusted effective tax rates and the effective tax rates in 2020 and 2019 were negatively impacted by the country mix of earnings.
Impact of Foreign Currency
As compared to the prior-year period, foreign currency in 2020 impacted our consolidated financial results in the form of:
•foreign currency transaction net losses (classified within cost of SG&A expenses), which had an unfavorable impact to operating profit and Adjusted operating profit of an estimated $60 or approximately 130 basis points to operating margin and Adjusted operating margin;
•foreign currency translation, which had an unfavorable impact to operating profit and Adjusted operating profit of approximately $35 and $30 respectively, or approximately 110 basis points and 80 basis points, respectively, to operating margin and Adjusted operating margin; and
•foreign exchange net losses on our working capital (classified within other income (expense), net in our Consolidated Statements of Operations) as compared to gains in the prior year, resulting in an unfavorable impact of approximately $45 before tax on both a reported and Adjusted basis.
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Other Comprehensive (Loss) Income
Other comprehensive income, net of taxes was approximately $50 in 2021 compared with other comprehensive loss of approximately $94 in 2020. The year-over-year comparison was favorably impacted by a small foreign currency translation loss, compared to losses of $163 in the prior year. In addition there were actuarial gains of approximately $67, compared to losses of approximately $7 in the prior year. This was partially offset by the unfavorable impact of unrealized losses on the revaluation of long-term intercompany balances of $21 compared to gains of $68 in the prior year. These impacts relate to certain intercompany loans of a long term nature for which foreign currency transaction gains and losses are accounted for as translation adjustments in equity.
Other comprehensive loss, net of taxes was approximately $94 in 2020 compared with other comprehensive loss of approximately $9 in 2019. The year-over-year comparison was unfavorably impacted by foreign currency translation losses of approximately $163 compared to losses of $1 in the prior year. This was partially offset by the favorable impact of unrealized gains on the revaluation of long-term intercompany balances of $68 compared to losses of $6 in the prior year. These impacts relate to certain intercompany loans of a long term nature for which foreign currency transaction gains and losses are accounted for as translation adjustments in equity. Gains in the current year were primarily attributable to a long-term euro denominated intercompany loan receivable held by an entity with a U.S. dollar functional currency.
Segment Review
The Company has updated its reportable segments to align with how the business is operated and managed since the merger
with Natura, we have identified two reportable segments based on geographic operations: Avon International and Avon Latin
America.
We determine segment profit by deducting the related costs and expenses from segment revenue. Segment profit excludes certain global expenses, CTI restructuring initiatives, certain significant asset impairment charges, and other items, which are not allocated to a particular segment. This is consistent with the manner in which we assess our performance and allocate resources. See Note 14, Segment Information, to the Consolidated Financial Statements included herein for a reconciliation of segment profit to operating profit.
Summarized financial information concerning our reportable segments was as follows:
Years ended December 31 | 2021 | 2020 | 2019 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total revenue | Segment profit | Total revenue | Segment profit | Total revenue | Segment profit | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Avon International | $ | 1,724.6 | $ | 49.9 | $ | 1,772.6 | $ | 27.4 | $ | 2,234.3 | $ | 170.9 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Avon Latin America | 1,654.7 | (10.9) | 1,845.9 | (39.1) | 2,528.9 | 194.1 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total from reportable segments | $ | 3,379.3 | $ | 39.0 | $ | 3,618.5 | $ | (11.7) | $ | 4,763.2 | $ | 365.0 |
Below is an analysis of the key factors affecting revenue and segment profit by reportable segment for each of the years in the three-year period ended December 31, 2021. Foreign currency impact is determined as the difference between actual growth rates and Constant $ growth rates. Refer to "Non-GAAP Financial Measures" in this MD&A for more information.
Avon International – 2021 Compared to 2020
%/Point Change | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2021 | 2020 | US$ | Constant $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Total revenue | $ | 1,724.6 | $ | 1,772.6 | (3) | % | (4) | % | ||||||||||||||||||
Segment profit | 49.9 | 27.4 | 82 | % | 131 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||
Segment margin | 2.9 | % | 1.5 | % | 140 | 200 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Change in Active Representatives | (15) | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Change in units sold | (10) | % |
Amounts in the table above may not necessarily sum due to rounding.
Total revenue decreased 3% compared to the prior-year period, including the favorable impact of foreign exchange which was primarily driven by the weakening of the U.S. dollar relative to the South African rand and the British pound, partially offset by the strengthening of the U.S. dollar relative to the Turkish lira. On a Constant $ basis, revenue decreased 4% driven by an increase in Average Representative Sales which was more than offset by a 15% decrease in Active Representatives.
46
The decrease in Revenue and Constant $ revenue was mostly driven by changes in COVID-19 restrictions in many markets compared to the same period in the prior year, with some markets remaining materially impacted by COVID-19 restrictions and yet to show signs of recovery.
The contribution of Active Representatives and Average Representative Sales into total revenue was also impacted by a reduction in the frequency of campaign cycles as part of our strategy to simplify our business, with all markets now on a monthly campaign cycle.
Segment margin increased 140 basis points, or 200 on a Constant $ basis, driven by the combination of an increase in the Constant $ Adjusted gross margin and lower SG&A as a percentage of total revenue.
Constant $ Adjusted gross margin increased as the positive impact of price/mix offset the impact of higher supply chain costs.
The decrease in Constant $ Adjusted SG&A as a percentage of Adjusted revenue was largely due to decreases in bad debts.
Avon International – 2020 Compared to 2019
%/Point Change | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2020 | 2019 | US$ | Constant $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Total revenue | 1,772.6 | 2,234.3 | (21) | % | (18) | % | ||||||||||||||||||||
Segment profit | 27.4 | 170.9 | (84) | % | (79) | % | ||||||||||||||||||||
Segment margin | 1.5 | % | 7.6 | % | (610) | (570) | ||||||||||||||||||||
Change in Active Representatives | (19) | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Change in units sold | (19) | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Amounts in the table above may not necessarily sum due to rounding.
Total revenue decreased 21% compared to the prior-year period, unfavorably impacted by foreign exchange, which was driven by the strengthening of the U.S. dollar relative to multiple currencies, primarily the Russian Ruble, the South African Rand and the Turkish Lira. On a Constant $ basis, revenue decreased 18% primarily driven by a decrease in Active Representatives across all markets. Revenue and Constant $ revenue were affected by the COVID-19 pandemic, which negatively impacted the initial signs of recovery from a lower Representative base in 2019. The most significant impact of the COVID-19 pandemic was felt during the second quarter of 2020, with the third quarter showing signs of recovery in most markets. The fourth quarter has again been impacted by the new COVID-19 restriction measures imposed in parts of Europe, although not to the extent felt during the second quarter as we were able to continue normal operations in our manufacturing facilities and distribution centers.
Segment margin decreased 610 basis points, or 570 on a Constant $ basis, mostly due to the impact of lower revenue on SG&A expenses.
Constant $ Adjusted gross margin decreased 40 basis points as the positive impact of price/mix did not fully offset the impact of higher supply chain costs, primarily due to lower volume on fixed overhead costs, and the unfavorable impact of foreign currency.
The increase in Constant $ Adjusted SG&A as a percentage of total revenue was largely due to the impact of COVID-19, which caused deleverage of our fixed expenses as a percentage of lower revenue. In addition, Constant $ Adjusted SG&A as a percentage of total revenue was impacted by increased investment in sales leaders and field to maintain engagement, drive productivity and accelerate revenue recovery, as well as increased distribution costs across multiple markets.
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Avon Latin America – 2021 Compared to 2020
%/Point Change | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2021 | 2020 | US$ | Constant $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Total revenue | $ | 1,654.7 | $ | 1,845.9 | (10) | % | (8) | % | ||||||||||||||||||
Certain Brazil indirect taxes benefit | (21.5) | — | * | * | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Adjusted revenue | 1,633.2 | 1,845.9 | (12) | % | (9) | % | ||||||||||||||||||||
Avon Luxembourg | (249.2) | (431.8) | * | * | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Adjusted revenue excluding Avon Luxembourg | 1,384.0 | 1,414.1 | (2) | % | 2 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||
Segment profit | (10.9) | (39.1) | (72) | % | (45) | % | ||||||||||||||||||||
Certain Brazil indirect taxes benefit | (21.5) | — | * | * | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Adjusted segment profit | (32.4) | (39.1) | (17) | % | 3 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||
Avon Luxembourg | (21.4) | (27.7) | * | * | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Adjusted profit excluding Avon Luxembourg | (53.8) | (66.8) | (19) | % | (13) | % | ||||||||||||||||||||
Segment margin | (.7) | % | (2.1) | % | 140 | 30 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Certain Brazil indirect taxes benefit | 1.3 | — | * | * | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Adjusted segment margin | (2.0) | % | (2.1) | % | 10 | (20) | ||||||||||||||||||||
Avon Luxembourg | (1.9) | % | (2.6) | % | * | * | ||||||||||||||||||||
Adjusted segment margin excluding Avon Luxembourg | (3.9) | % | (4.7) | % | 80 | 60 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Change in Active Representatives | (16) | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Change in units sold | (20) | % |
Amounts in the table above may not necessarily sum due to rounding.
Total revenue decreased 10% compared to the prior-year period, favorably impacted by the recognition of certain Brazil indirect taxes in the current year. Excluding these items, Adjusted revenue for the region was down 12%, unfavorably impacted by foreign exchange, which was driven by the strengthening of the U.S. dollar relative to multiple currencies, primarily the Brazilian real and the Argentinian peso, partially offset by the weakening of the U.S. dollar relative to the Mexican peso. On a Constant $ basis, Adjusted revenue declined 9% which includes the impact from the sale of Avon Luxembourg, including our Mexican business, on July 1, 2021. Constant $ Adjusted revenue excluding the impact of the sale of Avon Luxembourg increased 2% primarily driven by an increase in Average Representative Sales.
Revenue in Brazil decreased 14% compared to the prior year period, despite the favorable impact of the recognition of certain Brazil indirect taxes in the current year. Excluding these items, Adjusted revenue decreased 17% unfavorably impacted by foreign exchange. On an Adjusted Constant $ basis, revenue decreased 13% primarily driven by decrease in Active Representatives, the Covid-19 second wave and changes in macro-economic conditions.
Segment margin increased 140 basis points, or a 20 basis points decrease on a Constant $ Adjusted segment margin basis, driven by the combination of an increase in the Constant $ Adjusted gross margin and higher SG&A as a percentage of total revenue.
Constant $ Adjusted gross margin increased slightly as the positive impact of price/mix and the favorable impact of foreign currency movements were offset by the impact of higher supply chain costs.
The increase in Constant $ Adjusted SG&A as a percentage of Adjusted revenue was largely due to the impact of revenue decline, causing a deleveraging of our fixed expenses, as well as increases in bad debts and advertising expenses, primarily in Brazil.
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Avon Latin America – 2020 Compared to 2019
%/Point Change | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2020 | 2019 | US$ | Constant $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Total revenue | $ | 1,845.9 | $ | 2,528.9 | (27) | % | (13) | % | ||||||||||||||||||
Certain Brazil taxes | — | (67.7) | * | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Adjusted revenue | 1,845.9 | 2,461.2 | (25) | % | (10) | % | ||||||||||||||||||||
Segment profit | (39.1) | 194.1 | (120) | % | (102) | % | ||||||||||||||||||||
Certain Brazil taxes | — | (67.7) | * | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Adjusted segment profit | (39.1) | 126.4 | (131) | % | (103) | % | ||||||||||||||||||||
Segment margin | (2.1) | % | 7.7 | % | (980) | (850) | ||||||||||||||||||||
Certain Brazil taxes | — | 2.6 | * | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Adjusted segment margin | (2.1) | % | 5.1 | % | (720) | (580) | ||||||||||||||||||||
Change in Active Representatives | (10) | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Change in units sold | (9) | % |
Amounts in the table above may not necessarily sum due to rounding.
Total revenue decreased 27% compared to the prior-year period, impacted by certain indirect taxes recognized in Brazil in the prior year. Excluding these items, Adjusted revenue for the region was down 25%, unfavorably impacted by foreign exchange, which was driven by the strengthening of the U.S. dollar relative to multiple currencies, primarily the Brazilian real, the Argentinian peso and the Mexican peso. On a Constant $ basis, Adjusted revenue declined 10% primarily driven by a decrease in Active Representatives of 10% across all markets. The decline in Revenue and Constant $ Adjusted revenue was affected by the COVID-19 pandemic, which negatively impacted the initial signs of recovery from a lower Representative base in 2019, with the third and fourth quarters showing improving trends across Latin America markets and revenue growth in Brazil and Mexico.
Revenue in Brazil decreased 29%, significantly impacted by certain indirect tax items recognized in Brazil in the year ended December 31, 2019. Excluding these items, Adjusted revenue in Brazil decreased 25%, unfavorably impacted by foreign exchange, while Brazil's Constant $ Adjusted revenue decreased 2%. Revenue and Constant $ Adjusted revenue in Brazil were driven by a minor decrease in both Active Representatives and Average Representative Sales, impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic, which negatively affected the initial signs of recovery from a lower Representative base in 2019. Brazil returned to growth in the third quarter driven by a significant increase in the Fashion & Home category, which continued to outperform in the fourth quarter.
Segment margin decreased, significantly impacted by the effects of certain indirect tax items recognized in Brazil in the year ended December 31, 2019. Excluding these items, Adjusted segment margin decreased 720 basis points, or 580 basis points on a Constant $ basis, mostly due to the impact of lower revenue on SG&A expenses as well as a decline in gross margin. The year-on-year comparison of segment margin also included other certain indirect tax benefits in revenue and SG&A in the prior year.
Adjusted gross margin declined as the positive impact of price/mix did not fully offset the impact of higher supply chain costs, driven by increased material costs and lower volume on fixed overhead costs, and the unfavorable impact of foreign currency.
The increase in SG&A as a percentage of Constant $ Adjusted revenue was largely due to the impact of COVID-19, which caused deleverage of our fixed expenses as a percentage of lower revenue, and additional investments in distribution relating to COVID-19 safety actions. The increase in SG&A as a percentage of Constant $ Adjusted revenue was also impacted by higher sales leaders and field investments across most markets in response to COVID-19 and to accelerate revenue recovery. This was partially offset by the reduction of bad debt expense, driven by continued improvements in credit control and collections processes in Brazil.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
Our principal sources of funds historically have been cash flows from operations, public offerings of notes, bank financings, issuance of commercial paper, borrowings under lines of credit and private placement of notes. Furthermore, since January 3, 2020, we are part of the Natura &Co group of companies which gives us access to intercompany funding. The Company has received an irrevocable commitment from Natura &Co Holding that it will provide sufficient financial support if and when
49
needed to enable the Company to meet its obligations as they come due in the normal course of business for a period of not less than 12 months from the date issuance of the Consolidated Financial Statements contained herein.
Cash and cash equivalents
The Company has cash and cash equivalents of $251.5 at December 31, 2021.
Short term commitments
At December 31, 2021, our debt and other financing maturing within one year include $372 of loans from affiliates of Natura &Co and $33 of short term debt which is held and managed at the market level. In addition, our short term contractual financial obligations and commitments include approximately $159 relating to purchase obligations and approximately $46 relating to operating lease repayments. We also expect to make contributions in the range of $10 to $15 to our defined benefit pension and postretirement plans. These commitments and repayments are expected to be fulfilled through a combination of operating cash flows and where necessary, further financial support from Natura &Co Holding (see going concern below).
Long-term commitments
At December 31, 2021, our long-term debt and other financing include $736 of loans from affiliates of Natura &Co due in 2028, $462 of Notes due in March 2023 and $216 of Notes due in March 2043. In addition, our long-term contractual financial obligations and commitments include operating lease payments of approximately $102 and purchase obligations of approximately $79. These commitments and repayments are expected to be fulfilled through a combination of operating cash flows and where necessary, further financial support from Natura &Co Holding (see going concern below).
Off balance sheet arrangements
At December 31, 2021, the Company has a issued a number of guarantees totaling $157 that it could be required to make in the event of adverse judgments in a number of lawsuits in Brazil. See Note 18, Contingencies, to the Consolidated Financial Statements included herein for more information. The company has no other material off balance sheet arrangements at December 31, 2021.
COVID-19 pandemic and going concern
Considering the uncertain nature of any possible future COVID-19 impacts which are beyond the Company’s control and the ongoing military conflicts between Russia and Ukraine, we expect some negative impact on revenue in 2022, which will, in turn, result in lower cash generation from activities. If the downturn is deeper or for longer than we anticipate, the Company could take certain further actions to ease the pressure of certain cash outflows, such as reducing discretionary expenditure, selling non-core assets, accessing government pandemic initiatives or arranging borrowing facilities with third-party banks and affiliate companies.
The Company has received an irrevocable commitment from Natura &Co Holding that it will provide sufficient financial support if and when needed to enable the Company to meet its obligations as they come due in the normal course of business for a period of not less than 12 months from the date issuance of the Consolidated Financial Statements. This includes the obligations related to the $461m 5.00% Notes, which are due to be repaid in March 2023. See Note 7, Debt and Other Financing, and Note 15, Leases and Commitments, respectively, for information on our debt and contractual financial obligations and commitments, including the loans from Natura &Co and its affiliates maturing within 1 year.
Other liquidity matters
We may seek to retire our outstanding debt in open market purchases, through existing call mechanisms, privately negotiated transactions, through derivative instruments, cash tender offers or otherwise. Repurchases of debt may be funded by cash or the incurrence of additional debt and will depend on prevailing market conditions, our liquidity requirements, contractual restrictions and other factors, and the amounts involved may be material. We may also elect to incur additional debt to finance ongoing operations or to meet our other liquidity needs. However, our credit ratings remain below investment grade which may impact our ability to access such transactions on favorable terms, if at all. For more information, see "Risk Factors - Our credit ratings are below investment grade, which could limit our access to financing, affect the market price of our financing and increase financing costs. A downgrade in our credit ratings may adversely affect our access to liquidity," and "Risk Factors - A general economic downturn, a recession globally or in one or more of our geographic regions or markets or sudden disruption in business conditions or other challenges may adversely affect our business, our access to liquidity and capital, and our credit ratings" included in Item 1A.
Our liquidity could also be negatively impacted by restructuring initiatives, dividends, capital expenditures, acquisitions, and certain contingencies, including any legal or regulatory settlements, described more fully in Note 18, Contingencies, to the Consolidated Financial Statements included herein. See our Cautionary Statement for purposes of the "Safe Harbor" Statement under the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 on pages 1 through 2.
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Balance Sheet Data
2021 | 2020 | |||||||||||||
Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 251.5 | $ | 364.9 | ||||||||||
Restricted cash | — | 7.8 | ||||||||||||
Total debt | $ | 1,816.6 | $ | 1,712.0 | ||||||||||
Working capital | 66.2 | 56.9 |
Cash Flows
2021 | 2020 | 2019 | ||||||||||||||||||
Net cash (used) provided by continuing operating activities (1) | $ | (260.4) | $ | (270.1) | $ | 56.9 | ||||||||||||||
Net cash (used) provided by continuing investing activities | (48.1) | (20.5) | 50.2 | |||||||||||||||||
Net cash from continuing financing activities (1) | 222.6 | 39.1 | 38.5 | |||||||||||||||||
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and equivalents | (22.0) | (19.5) | (.3) |
(1)During the third quarter of 2020, we identified an immaterial classification error in the Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows relating to the year ended December 31, 2019 with respect to cash flows from the settlement of derivative contracts and we have corrected this reclassification error through a revision to the Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows for the year ended December 31, 2019 to reclassify cash inflows of $37.4 from the settlement of derivative contracts from operating activities to financing activities. For additional information, see Note 1, Description of the Business and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies, to the Consolidated Financial Statements included herein.
Net Cash from Continuing Operating Activities
Net cash used by continuing operating activities during 2021 was approximately $260 as compared to net cash used by continuing operating activities of approximately $270 during 2020, a decreased cash outflow of approximately $10. The decrease in net cash used by operating activities was primarily due to lower cash losses in 2021 impacted by one-time costs linked to the acquisition by Natura &Co Holding in 2020, this was partially offset by a decrease in debt related costs in 2021.
Net cash used by continuing operating activities during 2020 was approximately $270 as compared to net cash provided by continuing operating activities of approximately $57 during 2019, an increased cash outflow of approximately $327. The increase in net cash used by operating activities was primarily due to lower cash profits impacted by lower revenue levels and one-time costs linked to the acquisition by Natura &Co Holding. Cash outflows related the Transaction included professional fees, senior officer severance and other expenses during the first quarter of 2020. Further information relating to the Transaction is included in Note 21, Merger with Natura Cosméticos S.A., to the Consolidated Financial Statements included herein. In addition, the year-over-year comparison of net cash from continuing operating activities was unfavorably impacted by higher inventory levels, primarily to support growth in Avon Latin America.
We maintain defined benefit pension plans and unfunded supplemental pension benefit plans (see Note 13, Employee Benefit
Plans, to the Consolidated Financial Statements included herein). Our funding policy for pension plans is to meet the minimum required contributions under applicable law and accumulate plan assets that, over the long run, are expected to approximate the present value of projected benefit obligations. The amounts necessary to fund future obligations under these plans could vary depending on estimated assumptions (as detailed in "Critical Accounting Estimates - Pension and Postretirement Expense" in this MD&A). The future funding for these plans will depend on economic conditions, employee demographics, mortality rates, the number of associates electing to take lump-sum distributions, investment performance and funding decisions. Based on current assumptions, we expect to make contributions in the range of $10 to $15 to fund our global defined benefit pension and postretirement plans during 2022.
Net Cash from Continuing Investing Activities
Net cash used by continuing investing activities during 2021 was approximately $48, as compared to net cash used by continuing investing activities of approximately $21 during 2020. The approximate $27 increase to net cash used in investing activities was driven by higher capital expenditures in the current year compared to the prior year. During 2021, net proceeds of $17 were received in relation primarily to the sale of the Spanish distribution center during the third quarter of 2021.
Net cash used by continuing investing activities during 2020 was approximately $21, as compared to net cash provided by continuing investing activities of approximately $50 during 2019. The approximate $71 decrease to net cash from investing activities was driven by lower net proceeds from the sale of businesses and assets in the current year compared to the prior year. During 2020, net proceeds of $11 were received from the sale of the Hungary Distribution Center in Gödöllő in the second quarter of 2020, and the sale of the China Wellness Plant and Avon Management Shanghai, both of which closed during the third quarter of 2020.
51
Net Cash from Continuing Financing Activities
Net cash provided by continuing financing activities during 2021 was approximately $223, as compared to net cash provided by financing activities of $39 in 2020. The approximate $184 increase in cash provided by continuing financial activities is primarily due to the favorable decrease in repayment of debt, partially offset by the adverse decrease in proceeds from debt in the current year compared to the prior year. During 2021, the proceeds from debt issued consisted primarily of loans from affiliates of Natura &Co. Note 7, Debt and Other Financing, to the Consolidated Financial Statements included herein for more information on these items.
Net cash provided by continuing financing activities during 2020 was approximately $39, as compared to net cash used by financing activities of $39 in 2019. Net cash from continuing financing activities was relatively unchanged, as the favorable impact of proceeds from debt issued was largely offset by the repayment of debt in both the current and prior years. During 2020, the proceeds from debt issued consisted primarily of the $960 promissory note provided by a subsidiary of Natura &Co Holding S.A., whilst the repayment of debt primarily consisted of the redemption of our 2016 Notes due August 15, 2022 and of our 2019 Notes due August 15, 2022. Note 7, Debt and Other Financing, to the Consolidated Financial Statements included herein for more information on these items.
ITEM 7A. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK
(U.S. dollars in millions, except per share data)
The overall objective of our financial risk management program is to reduce the potential negative effects from changes in foreign exchange and interest rates arising from our business activities. We may reduce our exposure to fluctuations in fair value or cash flows associated with changes in interest rates and foreign exchange rates by creating offsetting positions through the use of derivative financial instruments and through operational means. Since we may use foreign currency rate-sensitive instruments to hedge a portion of our existing and forecasted transactions, we expect that any loss in value for the hedge instruments generally would be offset by changes in the value of the underlying transactions.
We do not enter into derivative financial instruments for trading or speculative purposes, nor are we a party to leveraged derivatives. The master agreements governing our derivative contracts generally contain standard provisions that could trigger early termination of the contracts in some circumstances.
Interest Rate Risk
Approximately 5% and 4% of our debt portfolio at December 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively, was exposed to floating interest rates.
Our long-term borrowings at year-end were all at fixed rates of interest and are therefore not sensitive to interest rate changes.
Foreign Currency Risk
We conduct business globally, with operations in various locations around the world. Over the past four years, all of our consolidated revenue was derived from operations of subsidiaries outside of the U.S.. The functional currency for most of our foreign operations is their local currency. We are exposed to changes in financial market conditions in the normal course of our operations, primarily due to international businesses and transactions denominated in foreign currencies and the use of various financial instruments. We are not able to project, in any meaningful way, the possible effect of these foreign currency fluctuations on translated amounts or future earnings. At December 31, 2021, the primary foreign currencies for which we had net underlying foreign currency exchange rate exposures were the Argentine peso, Brazilian real, British pound, Chilean peso, Colombian peso, the euro, Mexican peso, Peruvian new sol, Philippine peso, Polish zloty, Romanian leu, Russian ruble, South African rand, Turkish lira and Ukrainian hryvnia.
We may reduce our exposure to fluctuations in fair value or cash flows associated with changes in foreign exchange rates by creating offsetting positions, including through the use of derivative financial instruments. Our hedges of our foreign currency exposure are not designed to, and, therefore, cannot entirely eliminate the effect of changes in foreign exchange rates on our consolidated financial position, results of operations and cash flows.
Our foreign-currency financial instruments were analyzed at year-end to determine their sensitivity to foreign exchange rate changes. Based on our foreign exchange contracts at December 31, 2021, all of which were taken out to hedge underlying foreign currency exposures, a hypothetical 10% appreciation of the U.S. dollar against our foreign exchange contracts would reduce earnings by $17 and a hypothetical 10% depreciation of the U.S. dollar against our foreign exchange contracts would increase earnings by $17. This hypothetical analysis does not consider our underlying foreign currency exposures. The hypothetical impact was calculated on the open positions using forward rates at December 31, 2021, adjusted for an assumed 10% appreciation or 10% depreciation of the U.S. dollar against these hedging contracts.
Credit Risk of Financial Instruments
52
Our foreign currency derivatives are typically comprised of over-the-counter forward contracts, swaps or options with major international financial institutions. Although our theoretical credit risk is the replacement cost at the then estimated fair value of these instruments, we believe that the risk of incurring credit risk losses is remote and that such losses, if any, would not be material.
Non-performance of the counterparties on the balance of all the foreign exchange agreements would not have resulted in any write-off at December 31, 2021. In addition, in the event of non-performance by such counterparties, we would be exposed to market risk on the underlying items being hedged as a result of changes in foreign exchange rates.
See Note 10, Financial Instruments and Risk Management to the Consolidated Financial Statements included herein for more information.
ITEM 8. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA
Reference is made to the Index on page F-1 of our Consolidated Financial Statements and Notes thereto contained herein.
ITEM 9. CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE
Not applicable.
ITEM 9A. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES
Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures
As of the end of the period covered by this report, our principal executive and principal financial officers carried out an evaluation of the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures pursuant to Rule 13a-15 of the Exchange Act. Disclosure controls and procedures are designed to ensure that information relating to Avon (including our consolidated subsidiaries) required to be disclosed by us in the reports we file or submit under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the U.S. and Exchange Commission’s rules and forms and to ensure that information required to be disclosed is accumulated and communicated to management to allow timely decisions regarding disclosure. In designing and evaluating our disclosure controls and procedures, management recognizes that any controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving the desired control objectives, and management was required to apply its judgment in evaluating and implementing possible controls and procedures.
Based upon their evaluation, the principal executive and principal financial officers concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of December 31, 2021, at the reasonable assurance level.
Management’s Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting
Our management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting, as such term is defined in Rule 13a-15(f) under the Exchange Act. Internal control over financial reporting is defined as a process designed by, or under the supervision of, our principal executive and principal financial officers and effected by our Board of Directors, management and other personnel, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and includes those policies and procedures that:
•pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of our assets;
•provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that our receipts and expenditures are being made only in accordance with authorizations of our management and directors; and
•provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use or disposition of our assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.
Internal control over financial reporting cannot provide absolute assurance of achieving financial reporting objectives because of its inherent limitations. Internal control over financial reporting is a process that involves human diligence and compliance and is subject to lapses in judgment and breakdowns resulting from human failures. Internal control over financial reporting also can be circumvented by collusion or improper override. Because of such limitations, there is a risk that material misstatements may not be prevented or detected on a timely basis by internal control over financial reporting. However, these inherent limitations are known features of the financial reporting process, and it is possible to design into the process safeguards to reduce, though not eliminate, this risk.
53
Under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our principal executive and principal financial officers, we assessed as of December 31, 2021, the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting. This assessment was based on criteria established in the framework in Internal Control-Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (2013 framework). Based on our assessment using those criteria, our management concluded that our internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2021, was effective.
Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting
Our management has evaluated, with the participation of our principal executive and principal financial officers, whether any changes in our internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the quarter ended December 31, 2021 have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting. Based on the evaluation we conducted, our management has concluded that no such changes have occurred.
ITEM 9B. OTHER INFORMATION
Not applicable.
ITEM 9C. DISCLOSURE REGARDING FOREIGN JURISDICTIONS THAT PREVENT INSPECTIONS
Not applicable.
54
PART III
ITEM 10. DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE
The information called for by this item has been omitted pursuant to General Instruction I(2)(c) of Form 10-K.
ITEM 11. EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION
The information called for by this item has been omitted pursuant to General Instruction I(2)(c) of Form 10-K.
ITEM 12. SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT AND RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS
The information called for by this item has been omitted pursuant to General Instruction I(2)(c) of Form 10-K
ITEM 13. CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS, AND DIRECTOR INDEPENDENCE
The information called for by this item has been omitted pursuant to General Instruction I(2)(c) of Form 10-K.
ITEM 14. PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTANT FEES AND SERVICES
Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm Fees
The Company's principal accountant for 2021 and 2020 was PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, United Kingdom ("PwC-UK"). The following table sets forth the aggregate fees for professional services rendered for us by PwC, as of and for the years ended December 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020.
2021 | 2020 | |||||||||||||
Audit Fees | $ | 7.2 | $ | 8.4 | ||||||||||
Audit-Related Fees | — | — | ||||||||||||
Tax Fees | — | — | ||||||||||||
All Other Fees | — | — | ||||||||||||
Total | $ | 7.2 | $ | 8.4 |
Audit Fees. These amounts represent the aggregate fees for professional services rendered by PwC for the audit of our annual financial statements for the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020, the review of the financial statements included in our Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q for those years, and services related to statutory and regulatory filings and engagements for such years.
Audit-Related Fees. These amounts represent the aggregate fees for assurance and related services performed by PwC that are reasonably related to the performance of the audit or review of our financial statements. In 2021 and 2020, audit-related fees were de minimis.
Tax Fees. In 2021 and 2020, tax-related fees were de minimis.
All Other Fees. These amounts represent the aggregate fees for other services rendered by PwC not included in any of the foregoing categories. In 2021, all other fees were de minimis.
Audit and Non-Audit Services Pre-Approval Policy
Since the merger of Avon into Natura &Co, in January 2020, Avon no longer maintains an Audit Committee and decisions related to the Company’s independent auditor are taken by Natura &Co in compliance with paragraph (c) (7)(i) of Rule 2-01 of Regulation S-X. Prior to the merger of Avon into Natura &Co, the Company's Audit Committee had historically established a policy for the pre-approval of all audit and non-audit services by PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP and its worldwide affiliates ("PwC"), and the corresponding fees.
The current Natura &Co policy, and the former Avon Audit Committee policy, was established to (i) strictly disallow any service that would be a prohibited service; (ii) allow audit, audit-related, and tax services only if the particular type of service is on the list of types of services that has been pre-approved by the Audit Committee, specific procedures are followed to ensure appropriate management assessment of such service, the proposed fee is within the overall limit set by the Audit Committee for that category of service, and the Audit Committee is informed on a timely basis of each such service; and (iii) allow other services not within any of the foregoing categories only if each such service and the corresponding fee is approved in advance
55
by the Audit Committee or by one or more members of the Audit Committee with subsequent approval by the Audit Committee. All services provided by PwC during 2021 and 2020 have been reviewed, and the amount of fees paid to PwC for such services and concluded that the provision of services by PwC is compatible with the maintenance of their independence.
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PART IV
ITEM 15. | EXHIBITS AND FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULE |
(a) 1. Consolidated Financial Statements and Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
See Index on page F-1.
(a) 2. Financial Statement Schedule
See Index on page F-1.
All other schedules are omitted because they are not applicable or because the required information is shown in the consolidated financial statements and notes.
(a) 3. Index to Exhibits
57
4.5 | ||||||||
4.6 | ||||||||
4.7 | ||||||||
4.8 | ||||||||
4.9 | ||||||||
10.1* | ||||||||
10.2* | ||||||||
10.3* | ||||||||
10.4* | ||||||||
10.5* | ||||||||
10.6* | ||||||||
10.7* | ||||||||
10.8* | ||||||||
10.9* | ||||||||
10.10* | ||||||||
10.11* | ||||||||
10.12* |
58
10.13* | ||||||||
10.14* | ||||||||
10.15* | ||||||||
10.16* | ||||||||
10.17* | ||||||||
10.18* | ||||||||
10.19* | ||||||||
10.20* | ||||||||
10.21* | ||||||||
10.22* | ||||||||
10.23* | ||||||||
10.24* | ||||||||
10.25* | ||||||||
10.26* | ||||||||
10.27* | ||||||||
10.28* | ||||||||
10.29* | ||||||||
10.30* | ||||||||
10.31* |
59
10.32* | ||||||||
10.33* | ||||||||
10.34* | ||||||||
10.35* | ||||||||
10.36* | ||||||||
10.37* | ||||||||
10.38* | ||||||||
10.39* | ||||||||
10.40* | ||||||||
10.41* | ||||||||
10.42* | ||||||||
10.43* | ||||||||
10.44* | ||||||||
10.45* | ||||||||
10.46* | ||||||||
10.47* | ||||||||
10.48* | ||||||||
10.49* | ||||||||
10.50* | ||||||||
10.51* |
60
10.52* | ||||||||
10.53* | ||||||||
10.54* | ||||||||
10.55* | ||||||||
10.56* | ||||||||
10.57* | ||||||||
10.58* | ||||||||
10.59* | ||||||||
10.60* | ||||||||
10.61 | ||||||||
10.62 | ||||||||
10.63 | ||||||||
10.64 | ||||||||
31.1 | ||||||||
31.2 | ||||||||
32.1 | ||||||||
32.2 | ||||||||
101 | The following materials formatted in Extensible Business Reporting Language (XBRL): (i) Consolidated Statements of Operations, (ii) Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss), (iii) Consolidated Balance Sheets, (iv) Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows, (v) Consolidated Statements of Changes in Shareholders’ Equity (Deficit), (vi) Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements and (vi) Schedule of Valuation and Qualifying Accounts. | |||||||
104 | Cover Page Interactive Data File – the cover page interactive data file does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document (included in Exhibit 101). | |||||||
* | The Exhibits identified above with an asterisk (*) are management contracts or compensatory plans or arrangements. |
Avon’s Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2021, at the time of filing with the United States Securities and Exchange Commission, shall modify and supersede all prior documents filed pursuant to Section 13, 14 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, for purposes of any offers or sales of any securities after the date of such filing pursuant to any Registration Statement or Prospectus filed pursuant to the Securities Act of 1933, which incorporates by reference such Form 10-K.
61
ITEM 16. | FORM 10-K SUMMARY |
None.
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SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized, on the 10th day of March 2022.
Avon Products, Inc. | |||||
/s/ Samantha Hutchison | |||||
Samantha Hutchison | |||||
Controller - Principal Accounting Officer | |||||
Pursuant to the requirements of the Exchange Act, this report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the registrant and in the capacities and on the dates indicated.
Signature | Title | Date | ||||||||||||
/s/ Angela Cretu | Chief Executive Officer - Principal Executive Officer | March 10, 2022 | ||||||||||||
Angela Cretu | ||||||||||||||
/s/ Carl Rogberg | Vice President Finance - Principal Financial Officer | March 10, 2022 | ||||||||||||
Carl Rogberg | ||||||||||||||
/s/ Itamar Gaino Filho | Director | March 10, 2022 | ||||||||||||
Itamar Gaino Filho | ||||||||||||||
/s/ Guilherme Castellan | Director | March 10, 2022 | ||||||||||||
Guilherme Castellan | ||||||||||||||
/s/ Roberto de Oliveira Marques | Director | March 10, 2022 | ||||||||||||
Roberto de Oliveira Marques | ||||||||||||||
63
AVON PRODUCTS, INC.
INDEX TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SCHEDULE
Page | ||||||||
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm (PCAOB ID 876) | ||||||||
Consolidated Financial Statements: | ||||||||
Consolidated Statements of Changes in Shareholders’ Deficit for each of the three years ended December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019 | ||||||||
Financial Statement Schedule: | ||||||||
Schedule II – Valuation and Qualifying Accounts for each of the three years ended December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019 |
F-1
REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
To the Board of Directors and Shareholders of Avon Products, Inc.
Opinion on the Financial Statements
We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Avon Products, Inc. and its subsidiaries (the “Company”) as of December 31, 2021 and 2020, and the related consolidated statements of operations, comprehensive loss (income), cash flows and changes in shareholders’ deficit for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2021, including the related notes and financial statement schedule listed in the accompanying index (collectively referred to as the “consolidated financial statements”). In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of December 31, 2021 and 2020, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2021 in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.
Basis for Opinion
These consolidated financial statements are the responsibility of the Company's management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s consolidated financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB) and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.
We conducted our audits of these consolidated financial statements in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the consolidated financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. The Company is not required to have, nor were we engaged to perform, an audit of its internal control over financial reporting. As part of our audits we are required to obtain an understanding of internal control over financial reporting but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Company's internal control over financial reporting. Accordingly, we express no such opinion.
Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the consolidated financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the consolidated financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the consolidated financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.
Critical Audit Matters
The critical audit matter communicated below is a matter arising from the current period audit of the consolidated financial statements that was communicated or required to be communicated to the audit committee and that (i) relates to accounts or disclosures that are material to the consolidated financial statements and (ii) involved our especially challenging, subjective, or complex judgments. The communication of critical audit matters does not alter in any way our opinion on the consolidated financial statements, taken as a whole, and we are not, by communicating the critical audit matter below, providing a separate opinion on the critical audit matter or on the accounts or disclosures to which it relates.
Realizability of the deferred tax assets
As described in Notes 1 and 9 to the consolidated financial statements, the Company’s consolidated deferred tax asset balance as of December 31, 2021 was $118.9 million, which is net of valuation allowances and deferred tax liabilities. The ultimate realization of deferred tax assets depends upon generating sufficient future taxable income during the periods in which the temporary differences become deductible or before net operating loss and tax credit carryforwards expire. The Company records a valuation allowance to reduce deferred tax assets to an amount that is "more likely than not" to be realized. Evaluating the need for and quantifying the valuation allowance often requires significant judgment and extensive analysis of all the weighted positive and negative evidence available to the Company in order to determine whether all or some portion of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. In performing this analysis, the Company’s forecasted U.S. and foreign taxable income, and the existence of potential prudent and feasible tax planning strategies that would enable the Company to utilize some or all of its deferred tax assets, are taken into consideration.
The principal considerations for our determination that performing procedures relating to the realizability of the deferred tax assets is a critical audit matter is the significant judgment by management when assessing the realizability of the deferred tax assets through the assessment of the Company’s ability to generate sufficient future taxable income. This led to a high degree of auditor judgment, subjectivity and effort in performing procedures on management’s assessment of the future taxable income to enable utilization of deferred tax assets in U.S. and foreign jurisdictions. The evaluation of audit evidence available to support
F-2
the realizability of U.S. and foreign tax loss and tax credit carryforwards was complex and subjective, and therefore required significant auditor judgment. In addition, the audit effort involved the use of professionals with specialized skill and knowledge.
Addressing the matter involved performing procedures and evaluating audit evidence in connection with forming our overall opinion on the consolidated financial statements. These procedures included testing the effectiveness of controls relating to the recognition of U.S. and foreign tax loss and tax credit carryforwards and the review of the Company’s future taxable income. These procedures also included, among others, (i) evaluating the reasonableness of management’s assessment of future taxable income and the deferred tax asset that is "more likely than not" to be realized, (ii) evaluating both positive and negative evidence to determine whether, based on the weight of that evidence, and where the weight assigned to the evidence is commensurate with the extent to which it could be objectively verified, a valuation allowance for deferred tax assets should be recorded, (iii) testing the completeness and accuracy of tax loss and tax credit carryforwards, (iv) evaluating the appropriateness of the realizability of net operating loss and tax credit carryforwards relevant to the deferred tax assets recognized, and (v) evaluating the completeness, accuracy and sufficiency of disclosures.
/s/ PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP | ||
London, United Kingdom | ||
March 10, 2022 |
We have served as the Company’s auditor since 2017.
F-3
AVON PRODUCTS, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
(In millions) | ||||||||||||||||||||
Years ended December 31 | 2021 | 2020 | 2019 | |||||||||||||||||
Net sales | $ | 3,202.9 | $ | 3,431.2 | $ | 4,494.1 | ||||||||||||||
Other revenue | 176.4 | 187.3 | 269.1 | |||||||||||||||||
Revenue from affiliates of Natura &Co | 25.2 | 6.7 | — | |||||||||||||||||
Total revenue | 3,404.5 | 3,625.2 | 4,763.2 | |||||||||||||||||
Costs, expenses and other: | ||||||||||||||||||||
Cost of sales | (1,439.1) | (1,588.6) | (2,010.1) | |||||||||||||||||
Cost of sales from affiliates of Natura &Co | (22.4) | (5.9) | — | |||||||||||||||||
Selling, general and administrative expenses (inclusive of provision for doubtful accounts of $62.4, $78.3, $115.4) | (2,001.4) | (2,152.9) | (2,627.5) | |||||||||||||||||
Operating (loss) profit | (58.4) | (122.2) | 125.6 | |||||||||||||||||
Interest expense | (63.5) | (119.6) | (127.6) | |||||||||||||||||
Interest expense on Loan from affiliates of Natura &Co | (50.6) | (7.5) | — | |||||||||||||||||
Loss on extinguishment of debt and credit facilities | — | (37.7) | (11.6) | |||||||||||||||||
Interest income | 2.2 | 2.1 | 7.7 | |||||||||||||||||
Other income (expense), net | 1.6 | (20.2) | 94.2 | |||||||||||||||||
Gain on sale of business | 9.9 | 1.5 | 50.1 | |||||||||||||||||
Total other (expenses) income | (100.4) | (181.4) | 12.8 | |||||||||||||||||
(Loss) Income from continuing operations, before taxes | (158.8) | (303.6) | 138.4 | |||||||||||||||||
Income taxes | (16.2) | (34.0) | (103.1) | |||||||||||||||||
Loss from continuing operations, net of tax | (175.0) | (337.6) | 35.3 | |||||||||||||||||
Loss from discontinued operations, net of tax | (18.5) | (27.9) | (36.6) | |||||||||||||||||
Net loss | (193.5) | (365.5) | (1.3) | |||||||||||||||||
Net loss attributable to noncontrolling interests | 1.4 | 2.7 | 1.0 | |||||||||||||||||
Net loss attributable to Avon | $ | (192.1) | $ | (362.8) | $ | (.3) | ||||||||||||||
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these statements.
F-4
AVON PRODUCTS, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE (LOSS) INCOME
(In millions) | ||||||||||||||||||||
Years ended December 31 | 2021 | 2020 | 2019 | |||||||||||||||||
Net loss | $ | (193.5) | $ | (365.5) | $ | (1.3) | ||||||||||||||
Other comprehensive loss: | ||||||||||||||||||||
Foreign currency translation adjustments | (.9) | (162.9) | (.6) | |||||||||||||||||
Unrealized (losses) gains on revaluation of long-term intercompany balances | (21.3) | 67.6 | (5.7) | |||||||||||||||||
Change in derivative gains (losses) on cash flow hedges | — | .6 | (1.1) | |||||||||||||||||
Amortization of net actuarial loss and prior service cost, net of taxes of $0.8, $0.8 and $0.4 | 5.1 | 8.2 | 9.4 | |||||||||||||||||
Adjustments of net actuarial loss and prior service cost, net of taxes of $3.2, $3.8 and $2.9 | 67.3 | (7.1) | (8.0) | |||||||||||||||||
Sale of New Avon | — | — | (3.4) | |||||||||||||||||
Total other comprehensive income (loss), net of taxes | 50.2 | (93.6) | (9.4) | |||||||||||||||||
Comprehensive loss | (143.3) | (459.1) | (10.7) | |||||||||||||||||
Less: comprehensive loss attributable to noncontrolling interests | .5 | 2.5 | .9 | |||||||||||||||||
Comprehensive loss attributable to Avon | $ | (142.8) | $ | (456.6) | $ | (9.8) |
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these statements.
F-5
AVON PRODUCTS, INC.
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(In millions, except per share data and share numbers) | ||||||||||||||
December 31 | 2021 | 2020 | ||||||||||||
Assets | ||||||||||||||
Current Assets | ||||||||||||||
Cash, including cash equivalents of $15.5 and $51.0 | $ | 251.5 | $ | 364.9 | ||||||||||
Restricted cash | — | 7.8 | ||||||||||||
Accounts receivable (less allowances of $37.1 and $51.1) | 198.7 | 259.1 | ||||||||||||
Receivables from affiliates of Natura &Co | 34.1 | 6.1 | ||||||||||||
Loans to affiliates of Natura &Co | 46.6 | — | ||||||||||||
Inventories | 384.1 | 459.1 | ||||||||||||
Prepaid expenses and other | 165.6 | 204.2 | ||||||||||||
Held for sale assets | 2.8 | 13.9 | ||||||||||||
Total current assets | 1,083.4 | 1,315.1 | ||||||||||||
Property, plant and equipment, at cost | ||||||||||||||
Land | 18.5 | 20.8 | ||||||||||||
Buildings and improvements | 374.5 | 447.1 | ||||||||||||
Equipment | 549.5 | 680.6 | ||||||||||||
942.5 | 1,148.5 | |||||||||||||
Less accumulated depreciation | (578.8) | (709.9) | ||||||||||||
Property, plant and equipment, net | 363.7 | 438.6 | ||||||||||||
Right-of-use assets | 111.1 | 153.1 | ||||||||||||
Goodwill | 72.1 | 83.2 | ||||||||||||
Deferred tax asset | 121.4 | 135.8 | ||||||||||||
Loans to affiliates of Natura &Co | 46.7 | — | ||||||||||||
Other assets | 509.4 | 438.5 | ||||||||||||
Total assets | $ | 2,307.8 | $ | 2,564.3 | ||||||||||
Liabilities and Shareholders’ Deficit | ||||||||||||||
Current Liabilities | ||||||||||||||
Debt maturing within one year | $ | 32.6 | $ | 28.0 | ||||||||||
Loans from affiliates of Natura &Co | 371.7 | 1,008.6 | ||||||||||||
Accounts payable | 522.8 | 709.4 | ||||||||||||
Payables to affiliates of Natura &Co | 29.4 | — | ||||||||||||
Accrued compensation | 81.5 | 89.4 | ||||||||||||
Other accrued liabilities | 273.4 | 334.7 | ||||||||||||
Sales and taxes other than income | 66.8 | 89.9 | ||||||||||||
Income taxes | 11.6 | 5.4 | ||||||||||||
Current liabilities of discontinued operations | 31.7 | 27.1 | ||||||||||||
Liabilities held for sale | — | 2.3 | ||||||||||||
Total current liabilities | 1,421.5 | 2,294.8 | ||||||||||||
Long-term debt | 676.0 | 675.4 | ||||||||||||
Loans from affiliates of Natura &Co | 736.3 | — | ||||||||||||
Long-term operating lease liability | 87.5 | 120.9 | ||||||||||||
Employee benefit plans | 84.6 | 133.3 | ||||||||||||
Long-term income taxes | 81.5 | 101.1 | ||||||||||||
Other liabilities | 75.1 | 106.0 | ||||||||||||
Total liabilities | 3,162.5 | 3,431.5 | ||||||||||||
Leases and Commitments and contingencies (Notes 15 and 18) | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||||
Shareholders’ Deficit | ||||||||||||||
Common stock, par value $0.01 - authorized 1,000 shares; issued 101.34 (2020: par value $0.01 - authorized 1,000 shares; issued 101.34 shares)(1) | — | — | ||||||||||||
Additional paid-in capital | 631.2 | 622.8 | ||||||||||||
Retained earnings | (404.2) | (360.5) | ||||||||||||
Accumulated other comprehensive loss | (1,085.5) | (1,133.8) | ||||||||||||
Total Avon shareholders’ deficit | (858.5) | (871.5) | ||||||||||||
Noncontrolling interests | 3.8 | 4.3 | ||||||||||||
Total shareholders’ deficit | (854.7) | (867.2) | ||||||||||||
Total liabilities, series C convertible preferred stock and shareholders’ deficit | $ | 2,307.8 | $ | 2,564.3 |
F-6
(1) In January 2020, subsequent to the Transaction, the Company restated its certificate of incorporation to effect a change in capitalization of the Company by changing the number of authorized shares of stock from 1,525,000,000 shares (of which (i) 1,500,000,000 shares, par value $0.25 per share, were common stock and (ii) 25,000,000 shares, par value $1.00 per share, were preferred stock) to 1,000 shares of common stock, par value $0.01 per share. As a result of the Merger, all of the issued and outstanding common stock of the Company, being 550,890,788, were canceled and converted. See Note 21, Mergers with Natura Cosméticos S.A.,.
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these statements.
F-7
AVON PRODUCTS, INC.CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(In millions) | ||||||||||||||||||||
Years ended December 31 | 2021 | 2020 | 2019 | |||||||||||||||||
Cash Flows from Operating Activities | ||||||||||||||||||||
Net loss | $ | (193.5) | $ | (365.5) | $ | (1.3) | ||||||||||||||
Loss from discontinued operations, net of tax | (18.5) | (27.9) | (36.6) | |||||||||||||||||
(Loss) income from continuing operations | (175.0) | (337.6) | 35.3 | |||||||||||||||||
Adjustments to reconcile net (loss) income from continuing operations to net cash (used) provided by operating activities: | ||||||||||||||||||||
Depreciation | 50.4 | 57.3 | 68.1 | |||||||||||||||||
Amortization | 22.4 | 24.5 | 24.8 | |||||||||||||||||
Provision for doubtful accounts | 62.4 | 78.3 | 115.4 | |||||||||||||||||
Provision for inventory obsolescence | 26.8 | 37.9 | 37.1 | |||||||||||||||||
Share-based compensation | 6.9 | 26.4 | 15.6 | |||||||||||||||||
Foreign exchange (gains) losses | (5.2) | (5.1) | (51.5) | |||||||||||||||||
Deferred income taxes | (20.2) | (.4) | 37.5 | |||||||||||||||||
Impairment loss on assets | 1.0 | 3.1 | 17.7 | |||||||||||||||||
Gain on sale of business / assets | (9.9) | (1.5) | (50.1) | |||||||||||||||||
Certain Brazil indirect taxes | — | — | (118.3) | |||||||||||||||||
Other | 5.9 | 54.2 | 12.0 | |||||||||||||||||
Changes in assets and liabilities: | ||||||||||||||||||||
Accounts receivable | (60.1) | (81.5) | (55.2) | |||||||||||||||||
Inventories | (53.0) | (65.9) | 56.0 | |||||||||||||||||
Prepaid expenses and other | (14.9) | 1.2 | 25.7 | |||||||||||||||||
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities | (35.1) | (61.7) | (145.4) | |||||||||||||||||
Income and other taxes | (13.1) | 2.5 | 28.8 | |||||||||||||||||
Noncurrent assets and liabilities | (49.7) | (1.8) | 3.4 | |||||||||||||||||
Net cash (used) provided by operating activities of continuing operations | (260.4) | (270.1) | 56.9 | |||||||||||||||||
Cash Flows from Investing Activities | ||||||||||||||||||||
Capital expenditures | (68.3) | (44.6) | (58.5) | |||||||||||||||||
Disposal of assets | 3.3 | 2.6 | 7.8 | |||||||||||||||||
Net proceeds from sale of business / assets | 16.9 | 11.3 | 99.9 | |||||||||||||||||
Cash receipts from the settlement of corporate-owned life insurance policies | — | 9.9 | — | |||||||||||||||||
Other investing activities | — | .3 | 1.0 | |||||||||||||||||
Net cash (used) provided by investing activities of continuing operations | (48.1) | (20.5) | 50.2 | |||||||||||||||||
Cash Flows from Financing Activities | ||||||||||||||||||||
Cash dividend | — | (8.6) | — | |||||||||||||||||
Debt, net (maturities of three months or less) | (11.1) | 13.6 | (9.2) | |||||||||||||||||
Proceeds from debt | 297.0 | 1,039.7 | 400.0 | |||||||||||||||||
Repayment of debt | (68.5) | (956.9) | (388.2) | |||||||||||||||||
Repayment of debt to affiliates of Natura &Co(2) | (38.0) | — | — | |||||||||||||||||
Repayment of debt from affiliates of Natura &Co | 58.7 | — | — | |||||||||||||||||
Repurchase of common stock | — | (.4) | (9.6) | |||||||||||||||||
Net proceeds from exercise of stock options | — | — | 15.6 | |||||||||||||||||
Settlement of stock options | — | (25.8) | — | |||||||||||||||||
Settlement of derivative operations | — | (.8) | 37.4 | |||||||||||||||||
Costs associated with debt issue / repayment | — | (21.7) | (26.8) | |||||||||||||||||
Proceeds from monetization of COFINS tax credits | (15.5) | — | 19.4 | |||||||||||||||||
Other financing activities | — | — | (.1) | |||||||||||||||||
Net cash provided by financing activities of continuing operations(2) | 222.6 | 39.1 | 38.5 | |||||||||||||||||
Cash Flows from Discontinued Operations | ||||||||||||||||||||
Net cash used by operating activities of discontinued operations | (14.0) | (16.7) | (20.6) | |||||||||||||||||
Net cash used by discontinued operations | (14.0) | (16.7) | (20.6) | |||||||||||||||||
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents | (22.0) | (19.5) | (.3) | |||||||||||||||||
Net (decrease) increase in cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash | (121.9) | (287.7) | 124.7 |
F-8
Cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash at beginning of year(1) | 373.4 | 661.1 | 536.4 | |||||||||||||||||
Cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash at end of year(1) | $ | 251.5 | $ | 373.4 | $ | 661.1 | ||||||||||||||
Cash paid for: | ||||||||||||||||||||
Interest | $ | 50.1 | $ | 133.5 | $ | 122.0 | ||||||||||||||
Income taxes, net of refunds received | $ | 37.0 | $ | 21.3 | $ | 55.9 |
(1)The following table provides a reconciliation of cash, cash equivalents, restricted cash, and cash held for sale reported within the Consolidated Balance Sheet that sum to the total of the same such amounts shown in the Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows for the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019.
December 31, 2021 | December 31, 2020 | December 31, 2019 | ||||||||||||||||||
Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 251.5 | $ | 364.9 | $ | 650.6 | ||||||||||||||
Restricted cash | — | 7.8 | 2.9 | |||||||||||||||||
Long-term restricted cash | — | — | 7.6 | |||||||||||||||||
Held for sale cash and cash equivalents | — | .7 | — | |||||||||||||||||
Cash and cash equivalents, and restricted cash at end of period per the statement of cash flows | $ | 251.5 | $ | 373.4 | $ | 661.1 |
(2) On July 1, 2021, the Company sold Avon Luxembourg, including our Mexican business, to a subsidiary of Natura &Co Holding for $150, with the proceeds used to repay maturing loans of $150 borrowed under the $250 Revolving Credit Facility with a subsidiary of Natura &Co Holding. Under the terms of the transaction and the associated Direction and Settlement Agreement, no cash flows in either investing or financing activities arose as a result of the transaction.
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these statements.
F-9
AVON PRODUCTS, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN SHAREHOLDERS’ DEFICIT
(In millions, except per | Common Stock | Additional | Retained | Accumulated Other | Treasury Stock | Noncontrolling | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
share data) | Shares | Amount | Paid-In Capital | Earnings | Comprehensive Loss | Shares | Amount | Interests | Total | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Balances at December 31, 2018 | 761.8 | 190.3 | 2,303.6 | 2,234.3 | (1,030.4) | 319.4 | (4,602.3) | 7.7 | (896.8) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Net (loss) income | — | — | — | (.3) | — | — | — | (1.0) | (1.3) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Other comprehensive income (loss) | — | — | — | — | (9.6) | — | — | .2 | (9.4) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Dividends accrued - Series C convertible preferred stock | — | — | — | (25.5) | — | — | — | — | (25.5) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Dividends accrued- common stock | — | — | — | (8.7) | — | — | — | — | (8.7) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Exercise/ vesting/ expense of share-based compensation | 9.9 | 2.6 | 25.9 | — | — | — | — | — | 28.5 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Repurchase of common stock | (1.7) | (.3) | (8.3) | — | — | .5 | (1.0) | — | (9.6) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Remeasurement of Series C convertible preferred stock | — | — | — | (60.9) | — | — | — | — | (60.9) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Purchases and sales of noncontrolling interests, net of dividends paid of $0.1 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | (.1) | (.1) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Balances at December 31, 2019 | 770.0 | 192.6 | 2,321.2 | 2,138.9 | (1,040.0) | 319.9 | (4,603.3) | 6.8 | (983.8) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Credit Losses cumulative catch up | — | — | — | (2.0) | — | — | — | — | (2.0) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Gain on common control transaction | — | — | — | 1.4 | — | — | — | — | 1.4 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Capitalization of payable(1) | — | — | 91.5 | — | — | — | — | — | 91.5 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Net income | — | — | — | (362.8) | — | — | — | (2.7) | (365.5) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Other comprehensive income | — | — | — | — | (93.8) | — | — | .2 | (93.6) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Conversion of Series C convertible preferred stock(2) | — | — | — | (710.8) | — | (87.0) | 1,197.6 | — | 486.8 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Exercise/ vesting/ expense of share-based compensation | — | (.2) | (1.8) | — | — | — | — | — | (2.0) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Exchange of common stock (3) | (770.0) | (192.4) | (1,788.1) | (1,425.2) | — | (232.9) | 3,405.7 | — | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Balances at December 31, 2020(4) | — | — | 622.8 | (360.5) | (1,133.8) | — | — | 4.3 | (867.2) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Sale of Avon Luxembourg(5) | — | — | — | 148.4 | — | — | — | — | 148.4 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Net loss | — | — | — | (192.1) | — | — | — | (1.4) | (193.5) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Other comprehensive income | — | — | — | — | 48.3 | — | — | 1.9 | 50.2 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Exercise/ vesting/ expense of share-based compensation | — | — | 8.4 | — | — | — | — | — | 8.4 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Purchases and sales of noncontrolling interests | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | (1.0) | (1.0) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Balances at December 31, 2021(4) | — | — | 631.2 | (404.2) | (1,085.5) | — | — | 3.8 | (854.7) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these statements.
(1) In January 2020 Natura &Co Holding paid the accrued dividends on the shares of series C preferred stock in an amount equal to U.S. $91.5 to Cerberus, resulting in a payable due to an affiliate of Natura &Co Holding for the same amount. See Note 17, Series C Convertible Preferred Stock, for discussion of preferred shares issued to Cleveland Apple Investor L.P. (“Cerberus Investor”). During 2020, the payable due to Natura &Co was capitalized and recorded as a capital contribution through Additional Paid in Capital.
(2) On December 30, 2019, an affiliate of Cerberus Capital Management, L.P. ("Cerberus") elected to convert 435,000 shares of Series C Preferred Stock into 87,000,000 shares of the Company’s common stock, par value U.S.$0.25 per share, conditioned on the Conversion Condition (as defined below). See Note 17, Series C Convertible Preferred Stock.
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(3) In January 2020, subsequent to the Transaction, the Company restated its certificate of incorporation to effect a change in capitalization of the Company by changing the number of authorized shares of stock from 1,525,000,000 shares (of which (i) 1,500,000,000 shares, par value $0.25 per share, were common stock and (ii) 25,000,000 shares, par value $1.00 per share, were preferred stock) to 1,000 shares of common stock, par value $0.01 per share. As a result of the Merger, all of the issued and outstanding common stock of the Company, being 550,890,788, were canceled and converted. See Note 21, Mergers with Natura Cosméticos S.A.,.
(4) The number of shares of Common Stock (par value $0.01 per share) outstanding at December 31, 2021 and 2020 was 101.34.
(5) On July 1, 2021, the Company sold Avon Luxembourg Holdings S.à r.l. and its subsidiaries ("Avon Luxembourg"), including our Mexican business, to a subsidiary of Natura &Co Holding S.A. for $150. The sale was accounted for as a transaction under common control in accordance with ASC805 - Business Combinations, with the resulting gain of $148, representing the difference between the proceeds, the net assets of Avon Luxembourg on the date of sale, and the cumulative foreign currency translation adjustment, taken directly to Retained Earnings.
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AVON PRODUCTS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(U.S. dollars in millions, except per share and share data)
NOTE 1. Description of the Business and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
Business
When used in these notes, the terms "Avon," "Company," "we," "our" or "us" mean Avon Products, Inc.
We are a global manufacturer and marketer of beauty and related products. Our business is conducted primarily in 1 channel, direct selling. Our reportable segments are based on geographic operations in 2 regions: Avon International and Avon Latin America. Our product categories are Beauty and Fashion & Home. Beauty consists of skincare, fragrance and color (cosmetics). Fashion & Home consists of fashion jewelry, watches, apparel, footwear, accessories, gift and decorative products, housewares, entertainment and leisure products, children’s products and nutritional products. Sales are made to the ultimate consumer principally by independent Representatives.
In December 2015, we entered into definitive agreements with affiliates of Cerberus Capital Management L.P. ("Cerberus"), which included a $435 investment in Avon by an affiliate of Cerberus through the purchase of our convertible preferred stock and the separation of the North America business (including approximately $100 of cash, subject to certain adjustments) from Avon into New Avon LLC ("New Avon"), a privately-held company that is majority-owned and managed by an affiliate of Cerberus. These transactions closed in March 2016 and Avon retained approximately 20% ownership in New Avon. In April 2019, Avon and Cerberus signed an agreement with LG Household & Health Care Ltd. for the sale of New Avon, including our 20% ownership interest. This transaction closed on August 14, 2019. See Note 3, Discontinued Operations and Assets and Liabilities Held for Sale, for additional information. The North American business, which represented the Company's operations in the United States ("U.S."), Canada and Puerto Rico, was previously its own reportable segment and has been presented as discontinued operations for all periods. As a result of this transaction, all of our consolidated revenue is derived from operations of subsidiaries outside of the U.S.
On May 22, 2019, we entered into an Agreement and Plan of Mergers with Natura Cosméticos S.A., a Brazilian corporation (sociedade anônima) ("Natura Cosméticos"), Natura &Co Holding S.A., a Brazilian corporation (sociedade anônima) ("Natura &Co Holding"), and two subsidiaries of Natura &Co Holding ("Natura &Co") pursuant to which, in a series of transactions, Avon and Natura Cosméticos became direct wholly owned subsidiaries of Natura &Co (the "Transaction"). On January 3, 2020, the Company consummated the Transaction and became a fully owned subsidiary of Natura &Co Holding. In connection with the consummation of the Transaction, the Company notified the NYSE that trading of their stock should be suspended, the Company's common stock was subsequently delisted and deregistered. The Company files these financial statements with the SEC, as a voluntary filer, to comply with the terms of certain debt instruments. For additional information, see Note 21, Agreement and Plan of Mergers with Natura Cosméticos S.A.,.
In December 2019, the Company declared a dividend of $0.016 per share equating to $9, this dividend was subsequently paid in January 2020 by the Company.
Principles of Consolidation
The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Avon and our majority and wholly-owned subsidiaries. Intercompany balances and transactions are eliminated.
Basis of Presentation and Use of Estimates
We prepare our consolidated financial statements and related disclosures in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America, or GAAP. In preparing these statements, we are required to use estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ materially from those estimates and assumptions. On an ongoing basis, we review our estimates, including those related to stand-alone selling prices ("SSP") of promised goods or services delivered under sales incentives, allowances for sales returns, allowances for doubtful accounts receivable, provisions for inventory obsolescence, the determination of discount rates and other actuarial assumptions for pension and postretirement benefit expenses, restructuring expense, income taxes and tax valuation allowances, share-based compensation, loss contingencies and the evaluation of goodwill, property, plant and equipment and capitalized software for potential impairment.
Sale of Avon Luxembourg Holdings S.à r.l
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On July 1, 2021, the Company sold Avon Luxembourg, including our Mexican business, to a subsidiary of Natura &Co Holding for $150, with the proceeds used to repay maturing loans of $150 borrowed under the $250 Revolving Credit Facility with a subsidiary of Natura &Co Holding.
The sale was accounted for as a transaction under common control in accordance with ASC805 - Business Combinations, with the resulting gain of $148, representing the difference between the proceeds, the net assets of Avon Luxembourg on the date of sale, and the cumulative foreign currency translation adjustment, taken directly to Retained Earnings. Under the terms of the transaction and the associated Direction and Settlement Agreement, no cash flows in either investing or financing activities arose as a result of the transaction and it has been treated as a non cash flow item in the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows. For additional information, see the Consolidated Statements of Changes in Shareholders' Deficit and the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows.
Reclassifications
During the third quarter of 2020, we identified an immaterial classification error in the Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows relating to the year ended December 31, 2019 with respect to cash flows from the settlement of derivative contracts. Our accounting policy is to classify derivative cash flows as operating, investing or financing consistent with the nature of the underlying hedged item. However, we have identified that cash flows relating to derivative contracts that economically hedge foreign exchange gains and losses on intercompany loans have been incorrectly classified as operating activities rather than financing activities. We have corrected this reclassification error through a revision to the Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows for the year ended December 31, 2019 to reclassify cash inflows of $37.4 from the settlement of derivative contracts from operating activities to financing activities.
COVID-19 pandemic
A novel strain of coronavirus (COVID-19) was first identified in Wuhan, China in December 2019, and subsequently declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization. Due to the uncertain and rapidly evolving nature of current conditions around the world, the impacts of COVID-19 most of which are beyond the Company’s control, continue to evolve, and the outcome is uncertain. We are therefore unable to predict accurately the impact that COVID-19 will have on our business going forward.
In 2020, the most significant impact of the COVID-19 pandemic was felt during the second quarter of 2020, as many markets were subject to lockdown restrictions to varying degrees, which limited our ability to recruit and enroll Representatives, operate manufacturing facilities and distribution centers and to process and deliver orders. The pandemic primarily resulted in reduced revenue, which in turn impacted profitability and cash generation. The third quarter of 2020 showed signs of recovery in most markets. The fourth quarter of 2020 has again been impacted by the new lockdown measures imposed in parts of Europe, although not to the extent felt during the second quarter of 2020 as we were able to continue normal operations in our manufacturing facilities and distribution centers.
In 2021, the economic disruption caused by the COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in inflationary pressures on the cost of certain raw materials used in the production of essential items due to the increased demand for these inputs worldwide. These inflationary pressures have been compounded by disruptions in global supply chains and climate events that hit electricity generation globally, among others. Moreover, novel strains and variants of COVID-19 emerged in 2021, and the rollout of vaccination programs worldwide have compromised the ability of certain countries to effectively contain the spread and the toll of the virus.
We continue to monitor the evolution of the Covid-19 pandemic in the markets in which we operate, especially with regard to restrictive measures adopted by these jurisdictions. We continuously analyze the situation and act to minimize impacts on the operations and on the equity and financial position of the Company, with the objective of implementing appropriate measures, ensuring the continuity of operations, hedge cash, improve liquidity and promote the health and safety of all.
In view of this scenario, we review the recoverability expectations of our financial and non-financial assets in the preparation of these financial statements, considering the most recent information available and reflected in the Company’s business plans. In addition, we also consider possible effects on the financial statements including revenues and the continued transition to the digital environment, allowances for doubtful accounts receivable, impairment of non-financial assets, leases, liquidity and capital resources and going concern (see below).
As of the date of this report, we are unable to estimate the long-term economic impact arising from efforts to curb the spread of the COVID-19 virus and the expected reduction in activity on our business, results of operations and financial condition. We will continue to review our revenue, investments, expenses and cash outflows, as well as adjusting our relationships with suppliers. Furthermore, the actions outlined above are continuously being re-evaluated in light of global developments relating to COVID-19.
Going concern
Considering the uncertain nature of any possible future COVID-19 impacts which are beyond the Company’s control and the ongoing military conflicts between Russia and Ukraine, we expect some negative impact on revenue in 2022, which will, in
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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
turn, result in lower cash generation from activities. If the downturn is deeper or for longer than we anticipate, the Company could take certain further actions to ease the pressure of certain cash outflows, such as reducing discretionary expenditure, selling non-core assets, accessing government pandemic initiatives or arranging borrowing facilities with third-party banks and affiliate companies.
The Company has received an irrevocable commitment from Natura &Co Holding that it will provide sufficient financial support if and when needed to enable the Company to meet its obligations as they come due in the normal course of business for a period of not less than 12 months from the date issuance of the Consolidated Financial Statements. This includes the obligations related to the $461m 5.00% Notes, which are due to be repaid in March 2023. See Note 7, Debt and Other Financing, and Note 15, Leases and Commitments, respectively, for information on our debt and contractual financial obligations and commitments, including the loans from Natura &Co and its affiliates maturing within 1 year.
Foreign Currency
Financial statements of foreign subsidiaries operating in other than highly inflationary economies are translated at year-end exchange rates for assets and liabilities and average exchange rates during the year for income and expense accounts. The resulting translation adjustments are recorded within accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) ("AOCI"). Gains or losses resulting from the impact of changes in foreign currency rates on assets and liabilities denominated in a currency other than the functional currency are recorded in other expense, net.
For financial statements of Avon subsidiaries operating in highly inflationary economies, the U.S. dollar is required to be used as the functional currency. Highly inflationary accounting requires monetary assets and liabilities, such as cash, receivables and payables, to be remeasured into U.S. dollars at the current exchange rate at the end of each period with the impact of any changes in exchange rates being recorded in income. We record the impact of changes in exchange rates on monetary assets and liabilities in other expense, net. Similarly, deferred tax assets and liabilities are remeasured into U.S. dollars at the current exchange rates; however, the impact of changes in exchange rates is recorded in income taxes in our Consolidated Statements of Operations. Non-monetary assets and liabilities, such as inventory, property, plant and equipment and prepaid expenses are carried forward at their historical dollar cost, which was calculated using the exchange rate at the date which hyperinflationary accounting is implemented.
Argentina Currency
During the quarter ended June 30, 2018, based on published official exchange rates which indicate that Argentina's three-year cumulative inflation rate has exceeded 100%, we concluded that Argentina had become a highly inflationary economy. From July 1, 2018, we have applied highly inflationary accounting for our Argentinian subsidiary. As such, the functional currency for Argentina has changed to the U.S. dollar, which is the consolidated group's reporting currency.
As a result of highly inflationary accounting for our Argentinian subsidiary, the most significant impacts in our Consolidated Income Statements are in cost of sales, primarily due to inventory being accounted for at its historical dollar cost, and in other (expense) income, net, primarily associated with the net monetary position of Argentina. However, these impacts are not considered material to our Consolidated Income Statements.
Revenue Recognition
Nature of goods and services
We are a global manufacturer and marketer of beauty and related products. Our product categories are Beauty and Fashion & Home. Beauty consists of skincare, fragrance and color (cosmetics). Fashion & Home consists of fashion jewelry, watches, apparel, footwear, accessories, gift and decorative products, housewares, entertainment and leisure products, children’s products and nutritional products.
Our business is conducted primarily in one channel, direct selling. Our reportable segments are based on geographic operations in 2 regions: Avon International and Avon Latin America. We primarily sell our products to the ultimate consumer through the direct selling channel principally through Representatives, who are independent contractors and not our employees.
Revenue recognition
Revenue is recognized when control of a product or service is transferred to a customer, which is generally the Representative. Revenue is measured based on the consideration specified in a contract with a customer and excludes amounts collected on behalf of third parties, such as Value Added Taxes ("VAT") collected for taxing authorities.
Principal revenue streams and significant judgments
Our principal revenue streams can be distinguished into: i) the sale of Beauty and Fashion & Home products to Representatives (recorded in net sales); ii) Representative fees, primarily for the sale of brochures to Representatives and fulfillment activities related to the contract, which include fees for shipping and handling (recorded in other revenue); and iii) other, which includes
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AVON PRODUCTS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
the sale of products to New Avon LLC ("New Avon") and royalties from the licensing of our name and products (recorded in other revenue).
i) Sale of Beauty and Fashion & Home products to Representatives
We generate the majority of our revenue through the sale of Beauty and Fashion & Home products. A Representative contacts her customers directly, selling primarily through our brochure (whether paper or online), which highlights new products and special promotions (or incentives) for each sales campaign. In this sense, the Representative, together with the brochure, are the "store" through which our products are sold. A brochure introducing a new sales campaign is typically generated every three to four weeks. A purchase order is processed, and the products are picked at a distribution center and delivered to the Representative usually through a combination of local and national delivery companies. Generally, the Representative then delivers the merchandise and collects payment from the customer for her or his own account. A Representative generally receives a refund of the price the Representative paid for a product if the Representative chooses to return it.
A Representative Agreement, which outlines the basic terms of the agreement between Avon and the Representative, combined with a purchase order, constitutes a contract for the purposes of Accounting Standards Codification Topic ("ASC"), Revenue from Contracts with Customers ("ASC 606").
Revenue from Contracts with Customers
We account for individual products and services separately in the contract if they are distinct (i.e., if a product or service is separately identifiable from the other items in the contract and if a Representative can benefit from the product or service on its own or with other resources that are readily available), which is recognized at a point in time, when control of a product is transferred to a Representative. In addition, we offer incentives to Representatives to support sales growth. Certain of these sales incentives are distinct promises to a Representative, and therefore are a separate performance obligation. As a result, revenue is allocated to the performance obligation for sales incentives and is deferred on the balance sheet until the associated performance obligations are satisfied.
Typically included within a contract is variable consideration, such as sales returns and late payment fees. Revenue is only recorded to the extent it is probable that it will not be reversed, and therefore revenue is adjusted for variable consideration. Variable consideration is generally estimated using the expected value method, which considers possible outcomes weighted by their probability. Specifically for sales returns, a refund liability will be recorded for the estimated cash to be refunded for the products expected to be returned, and a returns asset will be recorded for the products which we expect to be returned and re-sold, each of these based on historical experience. The estimate of sales returns as well as the measurement of the returns asset and the refund liability is updated at the end of each month for changes in expectations regarding the amount of salvageable returns, reconditioning costs and any additional decreases in the value of the returned products. Late payment fees are recorded when the uncertainty associated with collecting such fees are resolved (i.e., when collected).
The Representative generally receives a credit period of one sales campaign if they meet certain criteria; however, the specific credit terms are outlined in the Representative Agreement. Generally, the Representative remits payment during each sales campaign, which relates to the prior campaign cycle. The Representative is generally precluded from submitting an order for the current sales campaign until the accounts receivable balance past due for prior campaigns is paid; however, there are circumstances where the Representative fails to make the required payment.
Our contracts with Representatives often include multiple promises to transfer products and/or services to the Representative, and determining which of these products and/or services are considered distinct performance obligations that should be accounted for separately. In addition, in assessing the recognition of revenue for the following performance obligations, management has exercised significant judgment in the following areas: estimation of variable consideration and the stand-alone selling prices ("SSP") of promised goods or services in order to determine and allocate the transaction price.
Performance obligation - Avon products and appointment kits
The Representative purchases Avon products and appointment kits through a purchase order. Avon offers appointment kits for purchase to Representatives, which may contain various Avon products. We recognize revenue for Avon products and appointment kits in net sales in our Consolidated Statements of Operations when the Representative obtains control of the products, which occurs upon delivery of the product to the Representative. Transaction price is the amount we expect to receive in exchange for those products adjusted for variable consideration as discussed above and the estimated SSP of other performance obligations as discussed below. The cost of these products and appointment kits is recognized in cost of sales in our Consolidated Statements of Operations.
Performance obligation - Sales incentives
Types of sales incentives include status programs, loyalty points, prospective discounts, and gift with purchase, among others. A Representative is eligible for certain status programs if specified sales levels are met. Status programs offer additional benefits such as free or discounted products and services. Loyalty points offer the option to redeem for
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AVON PRODUCTS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
additional Avon or other products or services. Prospective discounts are offered in some countries when certain sales levels are reached in a given time period. The revenue attributable to the prospective discount performance obligation is for the option to purchase additional product at a discounted amount.
Certain benefits within status programs, loyalty points, prospective discounts and certain other sales incentives constitute a material right and, therefore, a distinct performance obligation in the contract with the Representative. Transaction price is allocated to the material right (performance obligation) based on estimated SSP and is deferred on the balance sheet until the associated performance obligations are satisfied. The cost of incentives is presented in inventories in our Consolidated Balance Sheets. We recognize revenue allocated to the material right in net sales in our Consolidated Statements of Operations at the point in time that the Representative receives the benefits of the material right or obtains control of the products, which occurs upon delivery to the Representative or upon expiration of the material right. For sales incentives that are delivered with the associated products order (such as gift with purchase), no deferral is required.
SSP represents the estimated market value, or the estimated amount that could be charged for that material right when the entity sells it separately in similar circumstances to similar customers. Judgment is required to determine the SSP for each distinct performance obligation. In instances where SSP is not directly observable, such as when we do not sell the product or service separately, including for certain sales incentives, we determine the SSP using information that may include market prices and other observable inputs.
ii) Representative fees, primarily for the sale of brochures to Representatives and fulfillment activities related to the contract ("Representative fees")
The purchase order in the contract with the Representative explicitly identifies activities that we will perform. This includes fees that we charge Representatives, primarily for the sale of brochures to Representatives and fulfillment activities, and also includes late payment fees (discussed above). Brochures represent promotional materials that are given directly by the Representatives to their customers as a marketing activity. Under ASC 606, brochures that are sold by Avon to Representatives through purchase orders represent separate performance obligations in the contract as these are promises made between Avon and the Representative. Although the brochures are used similar to marketing materials, the Representative generally orders and pays for the brochures, and we allocate consideration for purposes of revenue recognition. The revenue associated with brochures that are sold to Representatives is recognized in other revenue and the related cost is recognized in cost of sales in our Consolidated Statements of Operations. We recognize revenue when the Representative obtains control of the brochures, which occurs upon delivery to the Representative. When brochures are given away for free to Representatives as promotional items, the cost is recognized in selling, general and administrative expenses in our Consolidated Statements of Operations.
We often charge the Representative for shipping and handling (including order processing) and payment processing activities on the invoice, and such activities are considered to be fulfillment costs. The consideration received represents part of the transaction price in the contract that is allocated to the performance obligations in the contract. We recognize revenue for fulfillment activities in other revenue in our Consolidated Statements of Operations when such services are provided to the Representative. The cost of these activities is recognized in SG&A expenses in our Consolidated Statements of Operations.
iii) Other revenue
We also recognize revenue from the sale of products to New Avon, as part of a manufacturing and supply agreement, since the separation of the Company's North America business into New Avon on March 1, 2016, and royalties from the licensing of our name and products, in other revenue in our Consolidated Statements of Operations.
Contract costs
Incremental costs to obtain contracts, such as bonuses or commissions, are recognized as an asset if the entity expects to recover them. However, ASC 340-40, Other Assets and Deferred Costs, offers a practical expedient to recognize the incremental costs of obtaining a contract as an expense when incurred if the amortization period of the asset that the entity otherwise would have recognized is one year or less. We elected the practical expedient and expense costs to obtain contracts when incurred because our amortization period is one year or less.
Costs to fulfill contracts with Representatives are comprised of shipping and handling (including order processing) and payment processing services, which are expensed as incurred. The fees for these services are included in the transaction price.
Cash and Cash Equivalents
Cash equivalents are stated at cost plus accrued interest, which approximates fair value. Cash equivalents are generally high-quality, short-term money market instruments with an original maturity of three months or less and consist of time deposits with a number of U.S. and non-U.S. commercial banks and money market fund investments.
Inventories
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AVON PRODUCTS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
Inventories are stated at the lower of cost or net realizable value. Cost is determined using the first-in, first-out method. We classify inventory into various categories based upon its stage in the product life cycle, future marketing sales plans and the disposition process. We assign a degree of obsolescence risk to products based on this classification to estimate the level of obsolescence provision.
Brochure Costs
Brochures represent promotional materials that are given directly by the Representatives to their customers as a marketing activity. Brochures that are sold by Avon to Representatives through purchase orders represent separate performance obligations in the contract as these are promises made between Avon and the Representative. Although the brochures are used similar to marketing materials, the Representative generally orders and pays for the brochures, and Avon allocates consideration for purposes of revenue recognition. The revenue associated with brochures that are sold to Representatives is recognized in other revenue and the related cost is recognized in cost of sales in our Consolidated Statements of Operations. We recognize revenue when the Representative obtains control of the brochures, which occurs upon delivery to the Representative. When brochures are given away for free to Representatives as promotional items, the cost is recognized in SG&A expenses in our Consolidated Statements of Operations.
Brochure costs and associated fees that are presented as inventory were $4.1 at December 31, 2021 and $7.6 at December 31, 2020. Brochure costs and associated fees that are presented as prepaid expenses and other were $4.0 at December 31, 2021 and $6.7 at December 31, 2020.
Brochure costs expensed to COGS and SG&A in 2021 amounted to $54.8 and $72.6, respectively. In 2020 brochure costs expensed to COGS and SG&A were $75.8 and $77.1, respectively. In 2019 brochure costs expensed to COGS and SG&A were of $101.1 and $93.9, respectively.
The fees charged to Representatives for brochures sold recorded in Other revenue in 2021, 2020 and 2019 amounted to $49.3, $66.8 and $96.9, respectively.
Property, Plant and Equipment and Capitalized Software
Property, plant and equipment are stated at cost and are depreciated using a straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets. The estimated useful lives generally are as follows: buildings, 45 years; land improvements, 20 years; machinery and equipment, 15 years; and office equipment, five to ten years. Leasehold improvements are depreciated over the shorter of the lease term or the estimated useful life of the asset. Upon disposal of property, plant and equipment, the cost of the assets and the related accumulated depreciation are removed from the accounts and the resulting gain or loss is reflected in earnings. Costs associated with repair and maintenance activities are expensed as incurred.
Certain systems development costs related to the purchase, development and installation of computer software, and implementation costs incurred in a hosting arrangement that is a service contract, are capitalized and amortized over the estimated useful life of the related project. Costs incurred prior to the development stage, as well as maintenance, training costs, and general and administrative expenses are expensed as incurred. The other assets balance included unamortized capitalized software costs of $74.9 at December 31, 2021 and $76.0 at December 31, 2020. The amortization expense associated with capitalized software was $22.4, $24.5 and $24.7 for the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019, respectively.
We evaluate our property, plant and equipment and capitalized software for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset group may not be recoverable. Recoverability of assets to be held and used is measured by a comparison of the carrying amount of an asset to estimated pre-tax undiscounted future cash flows expected to be generated by the asset. If the carrying amount of an asset exceeds its estimated future cash flows, an impairment charge is recognized for the amount by which the carrying amount of the asset exceeds the fair value of the asset. The fair value of the asset is determined using revenue and cash flow projections, and royalty and discount rates, as appropriate.
Leases
We determine if an arrangement is a lease at the lease commencement date. In addition to our lease agreements, we review all material new vendor arrangements for potential embedded lease obligations. The asset balance related to operating and finance leases is presented within right-of-use (ROU) asset and property, plant and equipment, respectively, on our Consolidated Balance Sheet. The short-term liability balance related to operating and finance leases is presented within other accrued liabilities on our Consolidated Balance Sheets. The long-term liability balance is presented within long-term operating lease liability and long-term debt on our Consolidated Balance Sheets for operating and finance leases, respectively.
The lease liability is recognized based on the present value of the remaining fixed or in-substance fixed lease payments discounted using our incremental borrowing rates. We use a specific incremental borrowing rate for our material leases, which is determined based on the geography, nature of the asset and term of the lease. These rates are determined based on inputs provided by external banks and updated periodically. The lease liability includes the exercise of a purchase option only if we
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AVON PRODUCTS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
are reasonably certain to exercise as of the commencement date of the lease. The residual value guarantee amount is only included in the lease liability calculation to the extent payment is probable to the lessor as of the commencement of the lease. The ROU asset is calculated based on the lease liability adjusted for any lease payments paid to the lessor at or before the commencement date (i.e. prepaid rent) and initial direct costs incurred by Avon and excluding any lease incentives received from the Lessor.
Variable lease payments are payments to the lessor not included in the lease liability calculation. We define variable lease payments as payments made by Avon to the lessor for the right to use a leased asset that vary because of changes in facts or circumstances (such as changes in an index rate, volume, usage, etc.) occurring after the lease commencement date, other than predetermined contractual changes due to the passage of time (for example, predetermined rent increase amounts that are set out in the contract). Variable lease payments or charges are accounted for as incurred.
The lease term for purposes of lease accounting may include options to extend or terminate the lease when it is reasonably certain that we will exercise that option as of the commencement date of the lease. For operating leases, the lease expense is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term. For finance leases, the Company amortizes the ROU asset on a straight-line basis and records interest expense on the lease liability created at lease commencement over the lease term.
We account for our lease and non-lease components as a single component for most of our asset classes, and therefore both are included in the calculation of lease liability recognized on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. However, for certain lease asset classes related to identified embedded leases we account for the lease and non-lease components separately, and therefore, the non-lease component is not included in the lease liability.
Leases with an initial term of twelve months or less are not recorded on the Consolidated Balance Sheet; we recognize lease expense for these leases over their lease term.
Assets and Liabilities Held for Sale
A long-lived asset (or disposal group) is classified as held for sale if its carrying amount will be recovered principally through a sale transaction rather than through continuing use and a sale is considered highly probable within a year. A long-lived asset (or disposal group) classified as held for sale is initially measured at the lower of its carrying amount or fair value less cost to sell. An impairment loss is recognized for any initial or subsequent write-down of the long-lived asset (or disposal group) to fair value less costs to sell. A gain or loss not previously recognized by the date of the sale of the long-lived asset (or disposal group) is recognized at the date of derecognition.
Long-lived assets (including those that are part of a disposal group) are not depreciated or amortized while they are classified as held for sale. Long-lived assets classified as held for sale and the assets of a disposal group classified as held for sale are presented separately from the other assets in the balance sheet. The liabilities of a disposal group classified as held for sale are presented separately from other liabilities in the balance sheet.
Goodwill
Goodwill is not amortized and is assessed for impairment annually during the fourth quarter or on the occurrence of an event that indicates impairment may have occurred, at the reporting unit level. A reporting unit is the operating segment, or a component, which is one level below that operating segment. Components are aggregated as a single reporting unit if they have similar economic characteristics. When testing goodwill for impairment, we perform either a qualitative or quantitative assessment for each of our reporting units. Factors considered in the qualitative analysis include macroeconomic conditions, industry and market considerations, cost factors and overall financial performance specific to the reporting unit. If the qualitative analysis results in a more likely than not probability of impairment, the quantitative test, as described below, is required.
We perform the quantitative test to evaluate goodwill for impairment by comparing the fair value of a reporting unit with its carrying amount. If the carrying amount exceeds the reporting unit’s fair value, that difference represents an impairment; however, the loss recognized should not exceed the total amount of goodwill allocated to that reporting unit.
The impairment analysis performed for goodwill requires several estimates in computing the estimated fair value of a reporting unit. We typically use a discounted cash flow ("DCF") approach to estimate the fair value of a reporting unit, which we believe is the most reliable indicator of fair value of this business, and is most consistent with the approach that we would generally expect a marketplace participant would use. In estimating the fair value of our reporting units utilizing a DCF approach, we typically forecast revenue and the resulting cash flows for periods of five to ten years and include an estimated terminal value at the end of the forecasted period. When determining the appropriate forecast period for the DCF approach, we consider the amount of time required before the reporting unit achieves what we consider a normalized, sustainable level of cash flows. The estimation of fair value utilizing a DCF approach includes numerous uncertainties which require significant judgment when making assumptions of expected growth rates and the selection of discount rates, as well as assumptions regarding general economic and business conditions, and the structure that would yield the highest economic value, among other factors.
F-18
AVON PRODUCTS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
Financial Instruments
We use derivative financial instruments, including forward foreign currency contracts, to manage foreign currency exposures.
If applicable, derivatives are recognized in our Consolidated Balance Sheets at their fair values. When we become a party to a derivative instrument and intend to apply hedge accounting, we designate the instrument, for financial reporting purposes, as a fair value hedge, a cash flow hedge, or a net investment hedge. The accounting for changes in fair value (gains or losses) of a derivative instrument depends on whether we had designated it and it qualified as part of a hedging relationship and further, on the type of hedging relationship. We apply the following:
•Changes in the fair value of a derivative that is designated as a fair value hedge, along with the loss or gain on the hedged asset or liability that is attributable to the hedged risk are recorded in earnings.
•Changes in the fair value of a derivative that is designated as a cash flow hedge are recorded in AOCI and reclassified into earnings in the same period or periods during which the transaction hedged by that derivative also affects earnings.
•Changes in the fair value of a derivative that is designated as a hedge of a net investment in a foreign operation are recorded in foreign currency translation adjustments within AOCI.
•Changes in the fair value of a derivative that is not designated as a hedging instrument are recognized in earnings in other expense, net in our Consolidated Statements of Operations.
We present the earnings effect of the hedging instrument in our Consolidated Statements of Operations in the same income statement line item in which the earnings effect of the hedged item is reported.
We classify derivative cash flows as operating, investing or financing consistent with the nature of the underlying hedged item.
For derivatives designated as cash flow hedges, if we conclude that the hedging relationship is perfectly effective at inception, a detailed effectiveness assessment in each period is not required as long as (i) the critical terms of the hedging instrument completely match the related terms of the hedged item (ii) it is considered probable that the counterparties to the hedging instrument and the hedged item will not default, and (iii) the hedged cash flows remain probable.
If the conditions above are not met, we will assess prospective and retrospective effectiveness using the cumulative dollar-offset method, which compares the change in fair value or present value of cash flows of the hedging instrument to the changes in the fair value or present value of the cash flows of the hedged item. If the result of the quantification demonstrates that the hedge is still highly effective (meaning that cumulative changes in the fair value of the derivative are between 80% and 125% of the cumulative changes in the fair value of the hedged item), we will revert to qualitative assessments of hedge effectiveness in subsequent periods if an expectation of high effectiveness on a qualitative basis for subsequent periods can be reasonably supported. If effectiveness is not within the 80% to 125% range, hedge accounting will be discontinued, and changes in the fair value of the hedging instrument will be recorded in earnings from the date the hedge is no longer considered highly effective.
Deferred Income Taxes
Deferred income taxes have been provided on items recognized for financial reporting purposes in different periods than for income tax purposes using tax rates in effect for the year in which the differences are expected to reverse. A valuation allowance is provided to reduce our deferred tax assets to an amount that is "more likely than not" to be realized. The ultimate realization of our deferred tax assets depends upon generating sufficient future taxable income during the periods in which our temporary differences become deductible or before our net operating loss and tax credit carryforwards expire. See Note 9, Income Taxes for more information.
In accordance with guidance issued by the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB"), we are choosing to treat the U.S. income tax consequences of Global Intangible Low-Taxed Income ("GILTI") as a period cost. As a result, at December 31, 2021, no deferred income taxes have been provided.
Uncertain Tax Positions
We recognize the benefit of a tax position, if that position is more likely than not of being sustained on audit, based on the technical merits of the position. We record interest expense and penalties payable to relevant tax authorities in income taxes in our Consolidated Statements of Operations.
SG&A Expenses
SG&A expenses include costs associated with selling; marketing; distribution, including shipping and handling costs; advertising; net brochure costs; research and development; information technology; and other administrative costs, including finance, legal and human resource functions.
F-19
AVON PRODUCTS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
Shipping and Handling
Shipping and handling costs are expensed as incurred and amounted to $339.4 in 2021, $373.1 in 2020 and $432.1 in 2019.
Advertising
Advertising costs, excluding brochure preparation costs, are expensed as incurred and amounted to $67.8 in 2021, $59.9 in 2020 and $72.9 in 2019.
Research and Development
Research and development costs are expensed as incurred and amounted to $39.3 in 2021, $36.5 in 2020 and $40.6 in 2019. Research and development costs include all costs related to the design and development of new products such as salaries and benefits, supplies and materials and facilities costs.
Share-based Compensation
Where applicable, share-based payments to employees are recognized in the financial statements based on their fair value at the date of grant. If applicable, we use a Monte-Carlo simulation to calculate the fair value of performance restricted stock units with market conditions and the fair value of premium-priced stock options. We account for forfeitures on share-based payments as they occur.
When the terms of an equity-settled award are modified, the minimum expense recognized is the grant date fair value of the unmodified award, provided the original vesting terms of the award are met. An additional expense, measured as at the date of modification, is recognized for any modification that increases the total fair value of the share-based payment. Where an award is cancelled, any unamortized compensation cost is expensed immediately.
Subsequent to the Transaction with Natura &Co, our employees are considered employees of the parent company for purposes of applying ASC 718 Compensation—Stock Compensation. Share-based payments made by Natura &Co to our employees are recognized in the financial statements based on their fair value at the date of grant.
Restructuring Expense
We record the estimated expense for our restructuring initiatives, such as our Transformation Plan, Open Up & Grow and Avon Integration, when such costs are deemed probable and estimable, when approved by the appropriate corporate authority and by accumulating detailed estimates of costs for such plans. These expenses include the estimated costs of employee severance and related benefits, inventory write-offs, impairment or accelerated depreciation of property, plant and equipment and capitalized software, and any other qualifying exit costs. Such costs represent our best estimate, but require assumptions about the programs that may change over time, including attrition rates. Estimates are evaluated periodically to determine whether an adjustment is required.
Pension and Postretirement Expense
Pension and postretirement expense is determined based on a number of actuarial assumptions, which are generally reviewed and determined on an annual basis. These assumptions include the discount rate applied to plan obligations, the expected rate of return on plan assets, the rate of compensation increase of plan participants, price inflation, cost-of-living adjustments, mortality rates and certain other demographic assumptions, and other factors. Actual results that differ from assumptions are accumulated and amortized to expense over future periods and, therefore, generally affect recognized expense in future periods. We recognize the funded status of pension and other postretirement benefit plans in our Consolidated Balance Sheets. Each overfunded plan is recognized as an asset and each underfunded plan is recognized as a liability. The recognition of prior service costs or credits and net actuarial gains or losses, as well as subsequent changes in the funded status, are recognized as components of AOCI, net of tax, in shareholders’ equity, until they are amortized as a component of net periodic benefit cost. We recognize prior service costs or credits and actuarial gains and losses beyond a 10% corridor to earnings based on the estimated future service period of the participants. The determination of the 10% corridor utilizes a calculated value of plan assets for our more significant plans, whereby gains and losses are smoothed over three- and five-year periods. We use a December 31 measurement date for all of our employee benefit plans. Service cost is presented in SG&A in our Consolidated Statements of Operations. The components of net periodic benefit costs other than service cost are presented in other expense, net in our Consolidated Statements of Operations.
Contingencies
We determine whether to disclose and/or accrue for loss contingencies based on an assessment of whether the risk of loss is remote, reasonably possible or probable. We record loss contingencies when it is probable that a liability has been incurred and the amount of loss is reasonably estimable.
F-20
AVON PRODUCTS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
NOTE 2. New Accounting Standards
New Accounting Standards Implemented
Except for the changes below, we have consistently applied the accounting policies to all periods presented in these consolidated financial statements.
ASU 2016-13, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses
In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-13, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses, which requires measurement and recognition of expected credit losses for financial assets held. We adopted this new accounting guidance effective January 1, 2020, using a modified retrospective transition approach. The adoption did not have a material impact on our condensed consolidated financial statements and disclosures and did not significantly impact the Company’s accounting policies or estimation methods related to the allowance for doubtful accounts. The adoption resulted in a cumulative effect decrease to retained earnings of approximately $2 to reflect a change in the allowance for doubtful accounts.
ASU 2018-14, Compensation - Retirement Benefits - Defined Benefit Plans
In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-14, Compensation - Retirement Benefits - Defined Benefit Plans - General. ASU 2018-14 modifies the disclosure requirements for employers that sponsor defined benefit pension or other postretirement plans. Early adoption is permitted. The amendments in this Update are effective for fiscal years ending after December 15, 2020, therefore we adopted this standard effective December 31, 2020. The adoption did not have a material impact on our Consolidated Financial Statements.
ASU 2017-04, Intangibles - Goodwill and other (Topic 350)
In January 2017, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update ("ASU") 2017-04 Intangibles - Goodwill and other, which simplifies the test for goodwill impairment. This Update eliminates Step 2 from the goodwill impairment test. In computing the implied fair value of goodwill under Step 2, an entity had to perform procedures to determine the fair value at the impairment testing date of its assets and liabilities (including unrecognized assets and liabilities) following the procedure that would be required in determining the fair value of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed in a business combination. Instead an entity should perform its annual, or interim, goodwill impairment test by comparing the fair value of a reporting unit with its carrying amount. An entity should recognize an impairment charge for the amount by which the carrying amount exceeds the reporting unit's fair value, however the loss recognized should not exceed the total amount of goodwill allocated to the reporting unit. The guidance requires prospective adoption. We adopted the guidance for the goodwill impairment test that we have conducted since 2020, and adoption of the guidance did not have a significant impact on our financial statements.
ASU 2019-12, Simplifying the Accounting for Income Taxes
In December 2019, the FASB issued ASU 2019-12, Income Taxes, which is intended to simplify the accounting standard and improve the usefulness of information provided in the financial statements. We adopted this new accounting guidance as of January 1, 2021. The adoption did not have a material impact on our Consolidated Financial Statements.
ASU 2020-04, Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848)
In March 2020, the FASB issued ASU 2020-04 “Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848): Facilitation of the Effects of Reference Rate Reform on Financial Reporting,” which provides temporary optional guidance to ease the potential burden in accounting for reference rate reform. The ASU provides optional expedients and exceptions for applying generally accepted accounting principles to contract modifications and hedging relationships, subject to meeting certain criteria, that reference LIBOR or another reference rate expected to be discontinued. In January 2021, the FASB issued ASU 2021-01 which clarifies that certain optional expedients and exceptions in Topic 848 for contract modifications and hedge accounting apply to derivatives that are affected by the discounting transition. The guidance is effective for all entities as of March 12, 2020 through December 31, 2022.
The Company has implemented a transition plan to identify and modify its loans and other financial instruments with attributes that are either directly or indirectly influenced by LIBOR and, as a result, has elected to apply the optional expedient included in ASU 2020-04 to account for modifications of contracts within the scope of Topics 310, Receivables, and 470, Debt, to be accounted for by prospectively adjusting the effective interest rate.
Accounting Standards to be Implemented
ASU 2021-08, Business Combinations (Topic 805)
In October 2021, the FASB issued ASU 2021-08, Business Combinations (Topic 805): Accounting for Contract Assets and Contract Liabilities from Contracts with Customers, which requires entities to apply Topic 606 to recognize and measure contract assets and contract liabilities in a business combination. ASU 2021-08 is effective for our fiscal year beginning after December 15, 2022. The adoption is not expected to have a material impact on our Consolidated Financial Statements.
F-21
AVON PRODUCTS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
NOTE 3. Discontinued Operations and Assets and Liabilities Held for Sale
Discontinued Operations
On December 17, 2015, the Company entered into definitive agreements with affiliates controlled by Cerberus. The agreements resulted in the separation of the Company's North America business, which represented the Company's operations in the United States, Canada and Puerto Rico, from the Company into The Avon Company, formerly New Avon, ("New Avon") a privately-held company majority-owned and managed by Cerberus NA Investor LLC (an affiliate of Cerberus). The Company retained an investment of 19.9% ownership interest in New Avon. These transactions closed on March 1, 2016; from that date, resolution of contingent liabilities relating to Avon's ownership and operation of the North America business prior to its separation from the Company into New Avon have been treated as discontinued operations. In April 2019, we signed an agreement with LG Household & Health Care Ltd. to sell our 19.9% ownership interest in New Avon, which was completed during August 2019. Refer to the Divestitures section below for information relating to the sale of New Avon.
The Company incurred costs during the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019 following the resolution of certain contingent liabilities related to its ownership and operation of the North America business prior to its separation into New Avon.
The major classes of financial statement components comprising the loss on discontinued operations, net of tax for New Avon are shown below:
Year Ended December 31, 2021 | Year Ended December 31, 2020 | Year Ended December 21, 2019 | ||||||||||||||||||
Selling, general and administrative expenses | $ | (18.5) | $ | (27.9) | $ | (36.6) | ||||||||||||||
Operating loss | $ | (18.5) | $ | (27.9) | $ | (36.6) | ||||||||||||||
Loss from discontinued operations, net of tax | $ | (18.5) | $ | (27.9) | $ | (36.6) |
Assets and Liabilities Held for Sale
The major classes of assets and liabilities comprising held for sale assets and held for sale liabilities on the Consolidated Balance Sheet at December 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020 are shown in the following table.
Year ended December 31, | ||||||||||||||
2021 | 2020 | |||||||||||||
Current held for sale assets | ||||||||||||||
Inventories | $ | — | $ | 2.6 | ||||||||||
Property, Plant & Equipment (net) | 2.8 | 9.2 | ||||||||||||
Cash and cash equivalents | — | .7 | ||||||||||||
Other assets | — | 1.4 | ||||||||||||
$ | 2.8 | $ | 13.9 | |||||||||||
Current held for sale liabilities | ||||||||||||||
Accounts payable | $ | — | $ | .5 | ||||||||||
Other liabilities | — | 1.8 | ||||||||||||
$ | — | $ | 2.3 |
At December 31, 2020, assets held for sale include 1 property and 1 business in Avon International segment and 1 property in the Avon Latin America Segment.
At December 31, 2021, assets held for sale include 1 property in the Avon Latin America Segment.
Divestitures
Disposal of Avon Beauty Arabia in Saudi Arabia
On December 23, 2021, the Company completed the sale of its 51% share of the business and assets of Avon Beauty Arabia in exchange for converting the business to a distributorship model together with the write off of a $3.9 loan balance.
F-22
AVON PRODUCTS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
In the fourth quarter of 2021 we recognized a loss of $1.1 before and after tax, which is reported separately in the Consolidated Statements of Operations representing the difference between the write off of the loan balance, the carrying value of the business and assets of the Avon Beauty Arabia on the date of sale, and associated disposal costs.
Disposal of Cosmetics Manufacturing Operations in India
On November 17, 2021, the Company completed the sale of the business and assets of the Cosmetics Manufacturing Operation in India for a total selling price of $2.9, the proceeds of which are presented as investing activities in the Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows.
In the fourth quarter of 2021 we recognized a gain of $1.1 before and after tax, which is reported separately in the Consolidated Statements of Operations representing the difference between the proceeds, the carrying value of the business and assets of the Cosmetics Manufacturing Operation in India on the date of sale, and associated disposal costs.
Sale of Avon Luxembourg Holdings S.à r.l
On July 1, 2021, the Company sold Avon Luxembourg, including our Mexican business, to a subsidiary of Natura &Co Holding for $150, with the proceeds used to repay maturing loans of $150 borrowed under the $250 Revolving Credit Facility with a subsidiary of Natura &Co Holding.
The sale was accounted for as a transaction under common control in accordance with ASC805 - Business Combinations, with the resulting gain of $148, representing the difference between the proceeds, the net assets of Avon Luxembourg on the date of sale and the cumulative foreign currency translation adjustment, taken directly to Retained Earnings. For additional information, see the Consolidated Statements of Changes in Shareholders' Deficit.
Spanish Distribution Center
In September 2021, we completed the sale of our Spanish Distribution Center for a total selling price of $14.7, the proceeds of which are presented as investing activities in the Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows.
In the third quarter of 2021 we recognized a gain of $8.3 before and $6.2 after tax, which is reported separately in the Consolidated Statements of Operations representing the difference between the proceeds, the carrying value of the branch of the Spanish Distribution Center on the date of sale, and associated disposal costs.
Italy Branch
In June 2021, we completed the sale of a branch of our Italian business for a total selling price of $1.7, the proceeds of which will be received in installments between October 2021 and December 2026, and will be presented as investing activities in the Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows.
In the second quarter of 2021, we recorded a gain of $1.4 before and after tax, which is reported separately in the Consolidated Statements of Operations representing the difference between the proceeds and the carrying value of the branch of the Italian business on the date of sale.
Avon Shanghai
In August 2020, we signed an agreement to sell Avon Management Shanghai ("Avon Shanghai") to an affiliate of Natura &Co for a selling price of $2.9. In August 2020, we completed the sale of the entity and received proceeds of $2.9. These proceeds are presented as investing activities in the Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows as the sale was to an affiliate under common control by Natura &Co. The gain on sale of $1.4 was recorded directly to Retained earnings.
Hungary Distribution Center in Gödöllő
In April 2020, we signed an agreement to sell the Hungary Distribution Center in Gödöllő for a selling price of $3.4 and received a deposit of $.3. In June 2020, we completed the sale of the asset and the remaining proceeds of $3.1 were received. These proceeds are presented as investing activities in the Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows.
In the second quarter of 2020, we recorded a gain of $.1 before and after tax, which is reported separately in the Consolidated Statements of Operations. The gain represents the difference between the proceeds and the carrying value of the Hungary Distribution Center on the date of sale.
China Wellness Plant
F-23
AVON PRODUCTS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
In March 2020, we signed an agreement to sell the China Wellness Plant for a total selling price of $6.6 before expenses. In the six-month period ended June 30, 2020, we received a cash deposit for the selling price of $6.6, which included $3.3 of restricted cash held in escrow.
In August 2020, we completed the sale of the China Wellness Plant and $3.3 of restricted cash in escrow was transferred to Avon. In the third quarter of 2020, we recorded a gain of $1.4 before and after tax, which is reported separately in the Consolidated Statements of Operations. The gain represents the difference between the net proceeds (after associated expenses) and the carrying value of the China Wellness Plant on the date of sale.
Rye Office
On June 26, 2019, we completed the sale of the Rye office for a selling price of $23.2, less expenses of approximately $.8, resulting in proceeds of $22.4. These proceeds are presented as investing activities in the Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows.
In the second quarter of 2019, we recorded a gain on sale of $9.9 before and after tax, which is reported separately in the Consolidated Statements of Operations. The gain recorded represents the difference between the proceeds and the carrying value of the Rye office on the date of sale.
Malaysia Maximin
On May 9, 2019, we completed the sale of all of our equity interests in Maximin Corporation Sdn Bhd ("Malaysia Maximin") for a total selling price of $7.8. The cash proceeds of $7.6, net of expenses, are presented within investing activities in the Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows.
In the second quarter of 2019, we recorded a gain on sale of $3.3 before tax, which is reported separately in the Consolidated Statements of Operations, and $3.0 after tax. The gain recorded represents the difference between the proceeds and the carrying value of Malaysia Maximin on the date of sale.
China manufacturing
On February 15, 2019, we completed the sale to TheFaceShop Co., Ltd., an affiliate of LG Household & Health Care Ltd. ("TheFaceShop"), of all of the equity interests in Avon Manufacturing (Guangzhou), Ltd. for a total selling price of $71.0, less expenses of approximately $1.1. The selling price included $23.5 relating to outstanding intercompany loans payable to Avon Manufacturing (Guangzhou), Ltd. from other Avon subsidiaries that was presented as financing activities in the Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows, this was subsequently settled in April 2019. The cash proceeds of $46.4, net of loan amounts, are presented as investing activities in the Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows, which includes $7.6 of restricted cash as of December 31, 2019. This was subsequently reclassified to short-term restricted cash in the three month period ended March 31, 2020. The restriction on this cash was removed in the three-month period ended March 31, 2021.
In the first quarter of 2019, we recorded a gain on sale of $10.3 before tax, which is reported separately in the Consolidated Statements of Operations, and $8.2 after tax, representing the difference between the proceeds, including the settlement of the intercompany loans, and the carrying value of Avon Manufacturing (Guangzhou), Ltd. on the date of sale.
New Avon
In April 2019, we signed an agreement with LG Household & Health Care Ltd. to sell our 19.9% ownership interest in New Avon. During August 2019, we completed the sale of New Avon for a selling price of $24.5. Expenses were approximately $1.1, resulting in cash proceeds of $23.4. These proceeds are presented as investing activities in the Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows.
In the third quarter of 2019, we recorded a gain on sale of $26.8 before and after tax, which is reported in the Consolidated Statements of Operations as Gain on sale of business/asset. The gain recorded represents the total proceeds and the release of AOCI of $3.4. Our recorded investment balance in New Avon at August 14, 2019 was zero.
F-24
AVON PRODUCTS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
NOTE 4. Related Party Transactions
On January 3, 2020, the Company became a wholly owned subsidiary of Natura &Co Holding. From this point, Natura &Co Holding, its subsidiaries and affiliates became related parties of the Company. On July 1, 2021, the Company sold Avon Luxembourg, including our Mexican business, to a subsidiary of Natura &Co Holding. As a result, beginning on July 1, 2021, transactions and balances between Avon International and Avon Luxembourg are no longer eliminated on consolidation and instead are treated as transactions and balances with Related Parties.
The following tables present the related party transactions with Natura &Co and its affiliates and the Instituto Avon in Brazil, all of which were on an arm's-length basis. There are no other related party transactions.
Year Ended December 31, | Year Ended December 31, | |||||||||||||
2021 | 2020 | |||||||||||||
Statement of Operations Data | ||||||||||||||
Revenue from affiliates of Natura &Co(2)(3) | $ | 25.2 | $ | 6.7 | ||||||||||
Cost of sales from affiliaties of Natura &Co(2)(3) | $ | (22.4) | $ | (5.9) | ||||||||||
Gross profit from affiliates of Natura &Co(2)(3) | $ | 2.8 | $ | .8 | ||||||||||
Interest income from Instituto Avon(1) | $ | — | $ | .1 | ||||||||||
Interest expense on Loan from affiliates of Natura &Co(5) | $ | (50.6) | $ | (7.5) | ||||||||||
Interest income on Loan to affiliates of Natura &Co(5) | $ | 1.6 | $ | — | ||||||||||
December 31, 2021 | December 31, 2020 | |||||||||||||
Balance Sheet Data | ||||||||||||||
Receivables due from Instituto Avon(1) | $ | — | $ | .8 | ||||||||||
Trade Receivables due from affiliates of Natura &Co(2) | $ | 32.7 | $ | 6.1 | ||||||||||
Other receivables due from affiliates of Natura &Co(7) | $ | 1.4 | $ | — | ||||||||||
Loans to affiliates of Natura &Co maturing within one year(7) | $ | 46.6 | $ | — | ||||||||||
Loans to affiliates of Natura &Co maturing after one year(7) | $ | 46.7 | $ | — | ||||||||||
Trade Payables due to affiliates of Natura &Co(7) | $ | (24.5) | $ | — | ||||||||||
Other payables due to affiliates of Natura &Co(4) | $ | (4.9) | $ | — | ||||||||||
Loans from affiliates of Natura &Co maturing within one year(5) | $ | (371.7) | $ | (1,008.6) | ||||||||||
Loans from affiliates of Natura &Co maturing after one year(5) | $ | (736.3) | $ | — | ||||||||||
Investments in affiliates of Natura &Co(6) | $ | .1 | $ | — |
(1) During the second quarter of 2018, the Company entered into an agreement to loan the Instituto Avon, an independent non-government charitable organization in Brazil, R$12 million (Brazilian real) for an unsecured 5-year term at a fixed interest rate of 7% per annum, to be paid back in 5 equal annual installments. The Instituto Avon was created by an Avon subsidiary in Brazil, with the board and executive team comprised of Avon Brazil management. The purpose of the loan was to provide the Instituto Avon with the means to donate funds to Fundação Pio XII (a leading cancer prevention and treatment organization in Brazil and owner of the Hospital do Câncer de Barretos), in order to invest in equipment with the objective of expanding breast cancer prevention and treatment. During the fourth quarter of 2021, the loan was repaid in full.
(2) During the second quarter of 2020, the Company entered into manufacturing agreements with affiliates of Natura &Co Holding. The Company recorded revenue from related party of $25.2 and $6.7 associated with these agreements during the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively. The Company recorded gross profit from related party of $2.8 and $.8 associated with these agreements during the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively. Trade receivables due from affiliates of Natura &Co primarily relate to these manufacturing agreements.
(3) The Company is party to a license agreement with Avon Mexico, whereby Avon Mexico pays the Company a variable royalty. The Company recorded revenue from related party of $1 associated with these agreements during the year ended December 31, 2021. The Company recorded gross profit from related party of $1 associated with these agreements during the year ended December 31, 2021.
(4) The payable to Natura &Co relates to the vesting and settlement of share based compensation awards denominated in Natura &Co American Depository Receipts including the 2018 long-term employee incentive program which vested and were automatically exercised in March 2021.
F-25
AVON PRODUCTS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(5) Loans from affiliates of Natura &Co Holding at December 31, 2021 of $1,108.0 include $736.3 outstanding under a Promissory Note between Avon Beauty Limited and a subsidiary of Natura &Co Holding, and $207.3 outstanding under a Promissory Note with a subsidiary of Natura &Co Holding and an affiliate of the Company. In addition loans from affiliates of Natura &Co Holding at December 31, 2021 include $164.4 of intercompany loans between Avon Luxembourg and Avon Products, Inc. affiliates that, following the sale of Avon Luxembourg to a subsidiary of Natura &Co Holding on July 1, 2021, were redesignated as loans from affiliates of Natura & Co Holding. Loans from affiliates of Natura &Co Holding at December 31, 2020 of $1,008.6 include $965 outstanding under a Promissory Note between Avon International Operations Inc. and a subsidiary of Natura &Co Holding. Loans from affiliates of Natura &Co Holding at December 31, 2020 also include $41.6 outstanding under the Revolving Credit Facility between Avon Luxembourg and Natura &Co International S.à r.l.. See Note 15, Debt and Other Financing, for further information relating to these loans.
(6) During the second quarter of 2021, Avon Cosméticos LTDA., made an investment of R$.5 in Natura &Co Pay Holding Financeira S.A., representing a 10% holding in the company. This is presented in other assets in our Consolidated Balance Sheets.
(7) On July 1, 2021, the Company sold Avon Luxembourg, including our Mexican business, to a subsidiary of Natura &Co Holding. As a result, transactions and balances between Avon International and Avon Luxembourg are no longer eliminated on consolidation and instead are treated as transactions and balances with Related Parties.
NOTE 5. Revenue
Disaggregation of revenue
In the following tables, revenue is disaggregated by product or service type. All revenue is recognized at a point in time, when control of a product is transferred to a customer:
Twelve Months Ended December 31, 2021 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Reportable segments | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Avon International | Avon LATAM | Total reportable segments | Affiliates of Natura | Total | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Beauty: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Skincare | $ | 577.6 | $ | 465.8 | $ | 1,043.4 | $ | — | $ | 1,043.4 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Fragrance | 514.2 | 375.8 | 890.0 | — | 890.0 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Color | 238.0 | 181.9 | 419.9 | — | 419.9 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total Beauty | 1,329.8 | 1,023.5 | 2,353.3 | — | 2,353.3 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Fashion & Home: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Fashion | 258.3 | 159.8 | 418.1 | — | 418.1 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Home | 69.6 | 340.4 | 410.0 | — | 410.0 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total Fashion & Home | 327.9 | 500.2 | 828.1 | — | 828.1 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Certain Brazil taxes* | — | 21.5 | 21.5 | — | 21.5 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Product sales | 1,657.7 | 1,545.2 | 3,202.9 | — | 3,202.9 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Representative fees | 66.4 | 107.8 | 174.2 | — | 174.2 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Other | .5 | 1.7 | 2.2 | 25.2 | 27.4 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Other revenue | 66.9 | 109.5 | 176.4 | 25.2 | 201.6 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total revenue | $ | 1,724.6 | $ | 1,654.7 | $ | 3,379.3 | $ | 25.2 | $ | 3,404.5 |
F-26
AVON PRODUCTS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
Twelve Months Ended December 31, 2020 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Reportable segments | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Avon International | Avon LATAM | Total reportable segments | Affiliates of Natura | Total | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Beauty: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Skincare | $ | 594.7 | $ | 515.9 | $ | 1,110.6 | $ | — | $ | 1,110.6 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Fragrance | 516.0 | 456.4 | 972.4 | — | 972.4 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Color | 265.8 | 197.5 | 463.3 | — | 463.3 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total Beauty | 1,376.5 | 1,169.8 | 2,546.3 | — | 2,546.3 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Fashion & Home: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Fashion | 267.4 | 192.5 | 459.9 | — | 459.9 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Home | 55.6 | 369.4 | 425.0 | — | 425.0 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total Fashion & Home | 323.0 | 561.9 | 884.9 | — | 884.9 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Product sales | 1,699.5 | 1,731.7 | 3,431.2 | — | 3,431.2 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Representative fees | 66.7 | 108.4 | 175.1 | — | 175.1 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Other | 6.4 | 5.8 | 12.2 | 6.7 | 18.9 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Other revenue | 73.1 | 114.2 | 187.3 | 6.7 | 194.0 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total revenue | $ | 1,772.6 | $ | 1,845.9 | $ | 3,618.5 | $ | 6.7 | $ | 3,625.2 |
Twelve Months Ended December 31, 2019 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Reportable segments | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Avon International | Avon LATAM | Total | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Beauty: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Skincare | $ | 671.5 | $ | 699.9 | $ | 1,371.4 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Fragrance | 639.9 | 604.7 | 1,244.6 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Color | 381.6 | 340.0 | 721.6 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total Beauty | 1,693.0 | 1,644.6 | 3,337.6 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Fashion & Home: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Fashion | 383.8 | 235.0 | 618.8 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Home | 61.7 | 408.3 | 470.0 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total Fashion & Home | 445.5 | 643.3 | 1,088.8 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Certain Brazil taxes** | — | 67.7 | 67.7 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Product sales | 2,138.5 | 2,355.6 | 4,494.1 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Representative fees | 91.5 | 152.7 | 244.2 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Other | 4.3 | 20.6 | 24.9 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Other revenue | 95.8 | 173.3 | 269.1 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total revenue | $ | 2,234.3 | $ | 2,528.9 | $ | 4,763.2 |
* 2021 includes approximately $22, to reflect the impact of certain Brazil indirect taxes which were recorded in product sales, in our Consolidated Income Statements. See Note 20 Supplemental Balance Sheet Information.
** 2019 includes the impact of certain Brazil indirect taxes which was recorded in product sales of approximately $68, in our Consolidated Income Statements. See Note 20 Supplemental Balance Sheet Information.
F-27
AVON PRODUCTS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
Contract balances
The timing of revenue recognition generally is different from the timing of a promise made to a Representative. As a result, we have contract liabilities, which primarily relate to the advance consideration received from Representatives prior to transfer of the related good or service for material rights, such as loyalty points and status programs, and are primarily classified within other accrued liabilities (with the long-term portion in other liabilities) in our Consolidated Balance Sheets.
Generally, we record accounts receivable when we invoice a Representative. In addition, we record an estimate of an allowance for doubtful accounts on receivable balances based on an analysis of historical data and, as applicable, current conditions and reasonable and supportable forecasts that affect collectability, including seasonality and changing trends and the impact of COVID-19. The allowance for doubtful accounts is reviewed for adequacy, at a minimum, on a quarterly basis. We generally have no detailed information concerning, or any communication with, any ultimate consumer of our products beyond the Representative. We have no legal recourse against the ultimate consumer for the collection of any accounts receivable balances due from the Representative to us. If the financial condition of the Representatives were to deteriorate, resulting in their inability to make payments, additional allowances may be required.
The following table provides information about receivables and contract liabilities from contracts with customers at December 31, 2021 and 2020:
December 31, 2021 | December 31, 2020 | |||||||||||||
Accounts receivable, net of allowances of $37.1 and $51.1 | $ | 198.7 | $ | 259.1 | ||||||||||
Contract liabilities | $ | 37.1 | $ | 52.1 |
The contract liability balances relate to certain material rights (loyalty points, status program and prospective discounts). During the twelve months ended December 31, 2021, we recognized $39.5 of revenue related to the contract liability balance at December 31, 2020, as the result of performance obligations satisfied. In addition, we deferred an additional $29.9 related to certain material rights granted during the period, for which the performance obligations are not yet satisfied. Of the amount deferred during the period, substantially all will be recognized within a year, with the significant majority to be captured within a quarter. The remaining movement in the contract liability balance is attributable to foreign exchange differences arising on the translation of the balance as at December 31, 2021 as compared with December 31, 2020, and the sale of Avon Luxembourg.
NOTE 6. Inventories
Inventories at December 31 consisted of the following:
2021 | 2020 | |||||||||||||
Raw materials | $ | 103.4 | $ | 131.3 | ||||||||||
Finished goods | 280.7 | 327.8 | ||||||||||||
Total | $ | 384.1 | $ | 459.1 |
NOTE 7. Debt and Other Financing
Debt
Debt at December 31 consisted of the following:
2021 | 2020 | |||||||||||||
Debt maturing within one year: | ||||||||||||||
Short term debt | $ | 32.6 | $ | 28.0 | ||||||||||
Loans from affiliates of Natura &Co | 371.7 | 1,008.6 | ||||||||||||
Total | $ | 404.3 | $ | 1,036.6 | ||||||||||
Long-term debt: | ||||||||||||||
Finance lease liabilities | 1.3 | 1.5 | ||||||||||||
5.00% Notes, due March 2023 | 460.8 | 460.1 | ||||||||||||
6.95% Notes, due March 2043 | 213.9 | 213.8 | ||||||||||||
Loans from affiliates of Natura &Co, due 2028 | 736.3 | — | ||||||||||||
Total | 1,412.3 | 675.4 | ||||||||||||
F-28
AVON PRODUCTS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
The carrying value of long-term debt is presented net of debt issuance costs and includes any related discount or premium, as applicable.
Unsecured Notes
In March 2013, we issued, in a public offering, $500.0 principal amount of 4.60% Notes due March 15, 2020 (the "4.60% Notes"), $500.0 principal amount of 5.00% Notes due March 15, 2023 (the "5.00% Notes") and $250.0 principal amount of 6.95% Notes due March 15, 2043 (the "6.95% Notes") (collectively, the "2013 Notes"). In March 2008, we issued $350.0 principal amount of 6.50% Notes due March 1, 2019 (the "6.50% Notes"). Interest on the 2013 Notes is payable semi-annually on March 15 and September 15 of each year.
The indenture governing the 2013 Notes contains interest rate adjustment provisions depending on the credit ratings assigned to the 2013 Notes with S&P and Moody's. As described in the indenture, the interest rates on the 2013 Notes increase or decrease by .25% for each one-notch movement below investment grade on each of the credit ratings assigned to the 2013 Notes by S&P or Moody's. These adjustments are limited to a total increase of 2% above the respective interest rates in effect on the date of issuance of the 2013 Notes.
In August 2016, we completed cash tender offers which resulted in a reduction of principal of $68.1 of our 6.50% Notes and $50.1 of our 4.60% Notes.
In the fourth quarter of 2016, we repurchased $44.0 of our 6.50% Notes, $40.0 of our 4.60% Notes, $11.1 of our 5.00% Notes and $6.2 of our 6.95% Notes.
In June 2018, we prepaid the remaining principal amount of our 6.50% Notes. The prepayment price was equal to the remaining principal amount of $237.8, plus a make-whole premium of $6.2 and accrued interest of $4.6. In connection with the prepayment, we incurred a loss on extinguishment of debt of $2.9 before tax in the second quarter of 2018 consisting of the $6.2 make-whole premium, and the write-off of $.3 of debt issuance costs and discounts related to the initial issuances of the notes that were prepaid, partially offset by a write off of a deferred gain of $3.6 associated with the March 2012 interest-rate swap agreement termination.
In the fourth quarter of 2018, we repurchased $23.0 of our 4.60% Notes and $27.0 of our 5.00% Notes. The aggregate repurchase price was equal to the principal amount of the notes, less a discount received of $2.4 and accrued interest of $.7. In connection with these repurchases of debt, we incurred a gain on extinguishment of debt of $2.1 before tax in the fourth quarter of 2018 consisting of the $2.4 discount received for the repurchases, partially offset by $.3 for the write-off of debt issuance costs and discounts related to the initial issuance of the notes that were repurchased.
In July 2019, we repurchased $274.8 of our 4.60% Notes by way of a tender offer. The aggregate repurchase price was equal to the principal amount of $274.8 less a discount received of $.6, plus an early tender premium of $8.2 and accrued interest of $5.4. In December 2019, we prepaid the remaining principal amount of our 4.6% Notes. The prepayment price was equal to the remaining principal amount of $112.2, plus a make-whole premium of $1.4 and accrued interest of $1.7. In connection with these repurchases of debt, we incurred a loss on extinguishment of debt of $8.1 before tax in the third quarter and $1.5 before tax in the fourth quarter of 2019.
In September 2020, we repurchased $27.8 of our 6.95% Notes due March 15, 2043. The aggregate repurchase price was equal to the principal amount of the notes, plus a premium of $3.8 and accrued interest of $1.2. In connection with the repurchase, we incurred a loss on extinguishment of debt of $4.1 before tax in the third quarter of 2020 consisting of the $3.8 premium paid for the repurchases, and $.3 for the write-off of debt issuance costs and discounts related to the initial issuance of the notes that were repurchased.
At December 31, 2021 and 2020, the carrying values of our unsecured notes were comprised of the following:
2021 | 2020 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Remaining Principal | Unamortized Discounts | Unamortized Debt Issuance Costs | Total | Remaining Principal | Unamortized Discounts | Unamortized Debt Issuance Costs | Total | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
5.00% Notes, due March 2023 | 461.9 | (.5) | (.6) | 460.8 | 461.9 | (1.0) | (.8) | 460.1 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
6.95% Notes, due March 2043 | 216.1 | (1.7) | (.5) | 213.9 | 216.1 | (.5) | (1.8) | 213.8 |
The indentures governing our outstanding notes described above contain certain customary covenants, customary events of default, cross-default provisions and change in control provisions. In July and September 2019, bondholder consents for the 5% Notes and the 6.95% Notes, respectively, were obtained to amend the definition of "change of control" to permit the acquisition of Avon by Natura. No repayment of notes was triggered by the Transaction with Natura &Co.
F-29
AVON PRODUCTS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
At December 31, 2021 and 2020, we had recorded accrued interest on our unsecured notes of $14.7 and $15.2, respectively, which is classified within other accrued liabilities in our Consolidated Balance Sheets.
Senior Secured Notes
In August 2016, Avon International Operations, Inc. ("AIO"), a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company, issued, in a private placement exempt from registration under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, $500.0 in aggregate principal amount of 7.875% Senior Secured Notes, with a maturity date of August 15, 2022 (the "2016 Notes").
In July 2019, Avon International Capital, p.l.c. ("AIC"), a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company, issued, in a private placement exempt from registration under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, $400.0 in aggregate principal amount of 6.5% Senior Secured Notes, with a maturity date August 15, 2022 (the "2019 Notes").
In November 2020, in connection with the Natura & Co Promissory Note, we redeemed the outstanding principal amount of our 2016 Notes due August 15, 2022 and the outstanding principal amount of our 2019 Notes due August 15, 2022. With respect to the 2016 Notes, the aggregate redemption amount paid was equal to the outstanding principal amount of $500, plus a premium of $9.8 and accrued interest of $8.4. With respect to the 2019 Notes, the aggregate redemption amount paid was equal to the outstanding principal amount of $400, plus a premium of $7.9 and accrued interest of $5.6.
In connection with the redemption, we incurred a loss on extinguishment of debt of $25.6 before tax in the fourth quarter of 2020 consisting of the $17.7 premiums, and the write-off of $7.9 of debt issuance costs related to the initial issuances of the notes that were redeemed.
Certain hedging and cash management obligations of the Company and certain subsidiaries are secured by first priority security interests in substantially all of its assets, subject to certain exceptions.
At December 31, 2021 and 2020, the carrying values of our senior secured notes was nil.
Maturities of Long-Term Debt
Annual maturities of long-term debt, which includes our notes, loans from affiliates of Natura &Co and capital leases outstanding at December 31, 2021, are as follows:
2022 | 2023 | 2024 | 2025 | 2026 | 2027 and Beyond | Total | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Maturities | $ | — | $ | 462.7 | $ | .3 | $ | .2 | $ | .1 | $ | 952.4 | $ | 1,415.7 |
Other Financing
Natura Revolving Credit Facility
In May 2020, the Company’s subsidiary, Avon Luxembourg entered into a Revolving Credit Facility Agreement with Natura &Co International S.à r.l., a subsidiary of Natura &Co Holding and an affiliate of the Company, in the initial amount of $100, increased to $250 in March 2021, which may be used for working capital and other general corporate purposes (the "Facility"). Borrowings under the Facility bear interest at a rate per annum of LIBOR plus a margin determined on an arm's length basis, and the Facility is to mature on May 31, 2022. On July 1, 2021, the Company sold Avon Luxembourg to a subsidiary of Natura &Co Holding and the Company no longer has access to this facility.
Related Party loans
In November 2020, AIO entered into a Promissory Note with a subsidiary of Natura &Co Holding S.A. and an affiliate of the Company in the amount of $960. The Promissory Note bears interest at a rate per annum of 3.13% and matures on November 2, 2022 (“the Natura &Co Loan”). On July 1, 2021, as part of the sale of Avon Luxembourg to a subsidiary of Natura &Co Holding the $960 loan was partially repaid with the proceeds from a loan maturing in 2028. As at December 31, 2021, $207 was outstanding under the Natura &Co Loan and $736 was outstanding under the loan maturing in 2028 which is between Avon Beauty Limited, and Natura &Co Luxembourg Holdings S.à r.l. ("Natura &Co Lux Loan").
In addition, loans from affiliates of Natura &Co Holding at December 31, 2021 of $164 includes a number of intercompany loans between Avon Luxembourg and Avon Products, Inc. affiliates that, following the sale of Avon Luxembourg to a subsidiary of Natura &Co Holding S.A. on July 1, 2021, were redesignated as loans from affiliates of Natura & Co Holding.
Other short-term financing
At December 31, 2021, we utilized approximately $33 of short-term financing from third-party banks across multiple markets bearing an average interest rate of per annum of 7.7%.
Revolving Credit Facility
F-30
AVON PRODUCTS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
In June 2015, AIO, a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company, entered into a five-year $400.0 senior secured revolving credit facility (the "2015 facility").
In February 2019, AIC, a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company, entered into a three-year €200.0 senior secured revolving credit facility (the "2019 facility"). The 2019 facility replaced the 2015 facility and the 2015 facility was terminated at such time.
In the first quarter of 2019, $2.0 was recorded for the write-off of unamortized issuance costs related to the 2015 revolving credit facility. In the first quarter of 2019, the Company capitalized $11.0 of issue costs relating to the new revolving credit facility; the cash outflow is presented in other financing activities within the Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows.
As of December 31, 2019, there were no amounts outstanding under the 2019 facility and on January 3, 2020, the facility was automatically cancelled upon change of control, and as a result $7.8 was of unamortized issuance costs were written off, see Note 21, Agreement and Plan of Mergers with Natura Cosméticos S.A., to the Consolidated Financial Statements included herein.
Letters of Credit
At December 31, 2021 and 2020, we also had letters of credit outstanding totaling $11.3 and $16.9, respectively. These balances primarily relate to a letter of credit issued to a lessor of certain equipment, a lease which was transferred to New Avon in connection with the separation of the Company's North America business, and letters of credit which guarantee various insurance activities.
Long-Term Credit Ratings
Our long-term credit ratings are: Moody’s ratings of Stable Outlook with Ba3 for corporate family debt; S&P ratings of Stable Outlook with BB- for corporate family debt and senior unsecured debt; and Fitch rating of Stable Outlook with BB for corporate family and unsecured debt.
Our credit ratings remain below investment grade which may impact our ability to access financing transactions on favorable terms.
NOTE 8. Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)
The tables below present the changes in AOCI by component and the reclassifications out of AOCI during 2021 and 2020:
Foreign Currency Translation Adjustments | Net Investment Hedges | Pension and Postretirement Benefits | Total | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Balance at December 31, 2020 | $ | (1,038.2) | $ | (4.3) | $ | (91.3) | $ | (1,133.8) | ||||||||||||||||||
Other comprehensive income (loss) other than reclassifications | (24.1) | — | 67.3 | 43.2 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Sale of Avon Luxembourg | .1 | 0 | (.1) | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Reclassifications into earnings: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Amortization of net actuarial loss and prior service cost, net of tax of $.8(1) | — | — | 5.1 | 5.1 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Total reclassifications into earnings | — | — | 5.1 | 5.1 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Balance at December 31, 2021 | $ | (1,062.2) | $ | (4.3) | $ | (19.0) | $ | (1,085.5) |
F-31
AVON PRODUCTS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
Foreign Currency Translation Adjustments | Cash Flow Hedges | Net Investment Hedges | Pension and Postretirement Benefits | Total | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Balance at December 31, 2019 | $ | (942.7) | $ | (.6) | $ | (4.3) | $ | (92.4) | $ | (1,040.0) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Other comprehensive loss other than reclassifications | (95.5) | — | — | (7.1) | (102.6) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Reclassifications into earnings: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Derivative gains on cash flow hedges, net of tax of $0 | — | .6 | — | — | .6 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Amortization of net actuarial loss and prior service cost, net of tax of $.8(1) | — | — | — | 8.2 | 8.2 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total reclassifications into earnings | — | .6 | — | 8.2 | 8.8 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Balance at December 31, 2020 | $ | (1,038.2) | $ | — | $ | (4.3) | $ | (91.3) | $ | (1,133.8) |
(1) Gross amount reclassified to other expense, net, and related taxes reclassified to income taxes.
A foreign exchange net loss of $5.3 for 2021, a net gain of $8.8 for 2020, and a net gain of $.8 for 2019, resulting from the translation of actuarial losses and prior service cost recorded in AOCI, are included in changes in foreign currency translation adjustments in our Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss).
NOTE 9. Income Taxes
Income from continuing operations, before taxes for the years ended December 31 was as follows:
2021 | 2020 | 2019 | ||||||||||||||||||
United States | $ | 19.3 | $ | (89.6) | $ | (108.3) | ||||||||||||||
Foreign | (178.1) | (214.0) | 246.7 | |||||||||||||||||
Total | $ | (158.8) | $ | (303.6) | $ | 138.4 |
The provision for income taxes for the years ended December 31 was as follows:
2021 | 2020 | 2019 | ||||||||||||||||||
Federal: | ||||||||||||||||||||
Current | $ | .2 | $ | (9.5) | $ | (9.0) | ||||||||||||||
Deferred | — | 8.9 | 8.5 | |||||||||||||||||
Total Federal | .2 | (.6) | (0.5) | |||||||||||||||||
Foreign: | ||||||||||||||||||||
Current | 35.5 | 31.4 | 79.0 | |||||||||||||||||
Deferred | (20.0) | 2.6 | 28.9 | |||||||||||||||||
Total Foreign | 15.5 | 34.0 | 107.9 | |||||||||||||||||
State and Local: | ||||||||||||||||||||
Current | .5 | .6 | (4.3) | |||||||||||||||||
Deferred | — | — | — | |||||||||||||||||
Total State and other | .5 | .6 | (4.3) | |||||||||||||||||
Total | $ | 16.2 | $ | 34.0 | $ | 103.1 |
F-32
AVON PRODUCTS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
The continuing operations effective tax rate for the years ended December 31 was as follows:
2021 | 2020 | 2019 | ||||||||||||||||||
Statutory federal rate | 21.0 | % | 21.0 | % | 21.0 | % | ||||||||||||||
State and local taxes, net of federal tax benefit | (.3) | (.2) | (2.7) | |||||||||||||||||
Tax on foreign income | 67.1 | (1.8) | 62.1 | |||||||||||||||||
Tax on uncertain tax positions | 3.7 | 1.1 | 16.6 | |||||||||||||||||
Reorganizations | — | (10.0) | 185.6 | |||||||||||||||||
Net change in valuation allowances | (103.1) | (21.4) | (208.0) | |||||||||||||||||
Other | 1.4 | .1 | (.1) | |||||||||||||||||
Effective tax rate | (10.2) | % | (11.2) | % | 74.5 | % |
In 2021, the Company’s effective tax rate continues to be impacted by the country mix of earnings. The country mix includes losses in certain jurisdictions that cannot be benefited and income tax expense in certain jurisdictions where taxable income is generated. In 2021, the Company adjusted its reserves for uncertain tax positions associated with current year activity and events, primarily due to the expiration of statutes of limitation. Included in Tax on Foreign Income is the effect of tax rate changes including the increase in the United Kingdom tax rate from 19% to 25% which resulted in a deferred tax benefit of $89.
In 2021, the Net Change in Valuation Allowances line in the rate reconciliation above includes $164 of net benefits that could not be recognized. The $164 of benefits which were not recognized consisted of the following key items: 1) $71 of increased Valuation Allowances due to additional Deferred Tax Assets generated during 2021 which cannot be benefitted; 2) $89 of increased Valuation Allowances on Deferred Tax Assets due to a tax rate change offsetting equivalent and associated accruals of deferred tax benefits reflected in the “Tax on Foreign Income” line above; and 3) $4 of increased Valuation Allowances due to changes in judgment regarding the ability to use certain Deferred Tax Assets which existed at the beginning of 2021.
In 2020, the Company’s effective tax rate continues to be impacted by the country mix of earnings. The country mix includes losses in certain jurisdictions that cannot be benefited and income tax expense in certain jurisdictions where taxable income is generated. In 2020, the Company adjusted its reserves for uncertain tax positions associated with current year activity and events, primarily due to the expiration of statutes of limitation. Included in Tax on Foreign Income is the effect of tax rate changes including the increase in the United Kingdom tax rate from 17% to 19% which resulted in a deferred tax benefit of $21.0. Included in the Re-organizations line is the effect of a true-up for a change in estimate of $30.5 regarding the amount of net operating losses generated as part of the 2018 restructuring transactions.
In 2020, the Net Change in Valuation Allowances line in the rate reconciliation above includes $65.1 of net benefits that could not be recognized. The $65.1 of benefits which were not recognized consisted of the following key items: 1) $69.9 of increased Valuation Allowances due to additional Deferred Tax Assets generated during 2020 which cannot be benefitted; 2) $21.0 of increased Valuation Allowances on Deferred Tax Assets due to a tax rate change offsetting equivalent and associated accruals of deferred tax benefits reflected in the “Tax on Foreign Income” line above; 3) $4.7 of increased Valuation Allowances due to changes in judgment regarding the ability to use certain Deferred Tax Assets which existed at the beginning of 2020; and 4) $30.5 decrease which offsets the true-up effect for the change in estimate of the benefit of net operating losses generated as part of the 2018 restructuring transactions.
In 2019, as a result of continued business model changes related to the move of the Company’s headquarters from the US to the UK, the Company recognized one-time tax charges of $256.9 reflected in the "Reorganizations" line above associated primarily with the rationalization and re-alignment of the Company’s legal entity structure which resulted in the use of approximately $256.9 of Foreign Tax Credits, deferred tax assets and other tax attributes.
In 2019, the Net Change in Valuation Allowances line in the rate reconciliation above includes: 1) $232.5 of decreases to the Valuation Allowances primarily associated with the utilization of Foreign Tax Credits and deferred tax assets offsetting the one-time tax charges of $256.9 noted in the "Reorganizations" line above; and 2) $66.5 of decreases due to a tax rate change offsetting equivalent and associated write-offs of deferred tax assets reflected in the “Tax on Foreign Income” line above.
Deferred tax assets (liabilities) at December 31 consisted of the following:
F-33
AVON PRODUCTS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
2021 | 2020 | |||||||||||||
Deferred tax assets: | ||||||||||||||
Tax loss and deduction carryforwards | $ | 425.0 | $ | 1,997.5 | ||||||||||
Intangibles | 218.5 | 188.3 | ||||||||||||
Tax credit carryforwards | 119.7 | 119.0 | ||||||||||||
Interest carryforwards | 76.3 | 48.3 | ||||||||||||
All other future deductions | 199.8 | 199.1 | ||||||||||||
Valuation allowance | (815.4) | (2,327.6) | ||||||||||||
Total deferred tax assets | 223.9 | 224.6 | ||||||||||||
Deferred tax liabilities | $ | (105.0) | $ | (90.8) | ||||||||||
Net deferred tax assets | $ | 118.9 | $ | 133.8 |
As of December 31, 2021, excluded from the above table are approximately $1,638 of deferred tax assets for Avon Luxembourg Holdings S.à r.l. and subsidiaries that previously were offset with a full valuation allowance. As discussed in Note 3. Discontinued Operations and Assets and Liabilities Held for Sale, Avon Luxembourg Holdings S.à r.l. and subsidiaries were divested as of July 1, 2021.
We monitor the realizability of our deferred tax assets on a continuous basis. Should macroeconomic and socio-political conditions change or our business operations do not improve, approximately $67 of deferred tax assets could potentially need to be offset with the recording of a valuation allowance during the next 12 months. The deferred tax assets are associated with Avon subsidiary operations that suffered a loss in earnings before tax during 2021.
As of December 31, 2020, excluded from the above table are approximately $635 of worthless deferred tax assets that previously were offset with a full valuation allowance. Approximately $465 of these deferred tax assets cannot be used due to change of control limitation resulting from the merger with Natura. The remaining $170 is primarily associated with U.S. foreign tax credits of $70 and state net operating/capital losses of $100 which the Company has determined that use of such deferred tax assets would be remote.
Deferred tax assets (liabilities) at December 31 were classified as follows:
2021 | 2020 | |||||||||||||
Deferred tax assets: | ||||||||||||||
Other assets | $ | 121.4 | $ | 135.8 | ||||||||||
Total deferred tax assets | 121.4 | 135.8 | ||||||||||||
Deferred tax liabilities: | ||||||||||||||
Long-term income taxes | $ | (2.5) | $ | (2.0) | ||||||||||
Total deferred tax liabilities | (2.5) | (2.0) | ||||||||||||
Net deferred tax assets | $ | 118.9 | $ | 133.8 |
The Company continuously assesses available positive and negative evidence to estimate whether sufficient future taxable income will be generated to utilize our existing deferred tax assets that are not subject to a valuation allowance. As of December 31, 2021, the COVID-19 pandemic is negative evidence the Company must consider. As of December 31, 2021, the increase in negative evidence due to COVID-19, primarily lower revenue and profit performance, resulted in approximately $8 of valuation allowances being recorded against deferred tax assets. The Company will continue to monitor the COVID-19 pandemic and other effects that could impact the conclusions regarding the realizability of its remaining deferred tax assets. Potential negative evidence, including such things as the worsening of the economies in the markets we operate in and reduced profitability of our markets could give rise to a need for a valuation allowance to reduce our deferred tax assets in upcoming quarters.
During 2021, excluding the reductions associated with the divested deferred tax assets noted above, the Company recorded a net increase in its valuation allowances of $126. The $126 of benefits primarily relates to current year losses that could not be benefitted and the effects of currency translation.
During 2020, excluding the reductions associated with the worthless deferred tax assets noted above, the Company recorded a net increase in its valuation allowances of $2.6. The $2.6 includes the effect of $65.1 of benefits related to operations and other activity which could not be recognized as noted in the rate reconciliation above offset with the write-off of $81.8 of Valuation Allowance associated with Deferred Tax Assets which can no longer be utilized due to change of control restrictions resulting from the Natura merger and $19.4 of increases primarily driven by currency translation and other miscellaneous effects.
F-34
AVON PRODUCTS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
At December 31, 2021, the valuation allowance primarily represents amounts for certain foreign tax loss carryforwards, substantially all U.S. deferred tax assets and certain other foreign deferred tax assets. The recognition of deferred tax assets was based on the evaluation of current and estimated future profitability of the operations, reversal of deferred tax liabilities and the likelihood of utilizing tax credit and/or loss carryforwards. Tax planning strategies were also considered and evaluated as support for the realization of deferred tax assets. Where these sources of income existed along with sufficient positive evidence that indicated it was more likely than not that such sources of income could be relied upon, then the deferred tax assets were not reduced by a valuation allowance.
At December 31, 2021, we had recognized deferred tax assets of $119.7 relating to tax credit carryforwards (U.S. foreign tax credits, research and experimentation credits and other tax credits) for which a valuation allowance of $119.7 has been provided. The tax credit carryforwards consist of U.S. foreign tax credits of $87.6 which are subject to expiration between 2022 and 2027; U.S. research and experimentation credits of $23.7 which are subject to expiration between 2027 and 2042 and other tax credits of $8.4 which are subject to expiration between 2022 and 2033.
At December 31, 2021, we had recognized deferred tax assets of $393.7 relating to foreign loss carryforwards for which a valuation allowance of $322.4 has been provided and for which $22.4 has also been offset in accordance with ASU2013-11. At December 31, 2021, we had recognized deferred tax assets of $31.4 relating to federal loss carryforwards for which a valuation allowance of $31.4 has been provided
At December 31, 2021 we had foreign tax loss carryforwards of $2,599.0, of which $1,059.2 are not subject to expiration and $1,539.8 are subject to expiration between 2022 and 2051. At December 31, 2021, we had federal tax loss carryforwards of $149.3 which are not subject to expiration.
At December 31, 2021, we continue to assert that substantially all of our foreign earnings are indefinitely reinvested. At December 31, 2021 the company’s undistributed foreign earnings of approximately $1.2 billion and would generate an approximate $7.9 of income tax if repatriated from the local subsidiaries.
Uncertain Tax Positions
At December 31, 2021, we had $251.7 of total gross unrecognized tax benefits of which approximately $95.8 would favorably impact the provision for income taxes, if recognized.
A reconciliation of the beginning and ending amount of unrecognized tax benefits is as follows:
Balance at December 31, 2018 | 137.6 | ||||
Additions based on tax positions related to the current year | 13.3 | ||||
Additions for tax positions of prior years | 186.6 | ||||
Reductions for tax positions of prior years | (3.0) | ||||
Reductions due to lapse of statute of limitations | (.6) | ||||
Reductions due to settlements with tax authorities | (2.2) | ||||
Balance at December 31, 2019 | 331.7 | ||||
Additions based on tax positions related to the current year | 90.6 | ||||
Additions for tax positions of prior years | .6 | ||||
Reductions for tax positions of prior years | (34.1) | ||||
Reductions due to lapse of statute of limitations | (16.5) | ||||
Reductions due to settlements with tax authorities | (.2) | ||||
Balance at December 31, 2020 | 372.1 | ||||
Additions based on tax positions related to the current year | 6.8 | ||||
Additions for tax positions of prior years | 24.1 | ||||
Reductions for tax positions of prior years | (136.8) | ||||
Reductions due to lapse of statute of limitations | (11.2) | ||||
Reductions due to settlements with tax authorities | (3.3) | ||||
Balance at December 31, 2021 | $ | 251.7 |
We accrue interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits in the provision for income taxes. We accrued interest and penalties, net of taxes of $0.5 and $1.0, for the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively, and reversed previously recorded expenses for interest and penalties, net of tax of $1.0 for the year ended December 31, 2019.
F-35
AVON PRODUCTS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
At December 31, 2021 and 2020 we had $7.1 and $6.8, respectively, recorded for interest and penalties, net of tax benefit. The unrecognized tax benefits, including interest and penalties, were classified within long-term income taxes in our Consolidated Balance Sheets.
We file income tax returns in the U.S. and foreign jurisdictions. As of December 31, 2021, the tax years that remained subject to examination by major tax jurisdiction for our most significant subsidiaries were as follows:
Jurisdiction | Open Years | |||||||
Brazil | 2016-2021 | |||||||
Philippines | 2017-2021 | |||||||
Poland | 2014-2021 | |||||||
Russia | 2019-2021 | |||||||
United Kingdom | 2019-2021 | |||||||
United States (Federal) | 2017-2021 |
We anticipate that it is reasonably possible that the total amount of unrecognized tax benefits could increase in the range of $5 to $10 within the next twelve months.
NOTE 10. Financial Instruments and Risk Management
We operate globally, with manufacturing and distribution facilities in various countries around the world. We may reduce our exposure to fluctuations in the fair value and cash flows associated with changes in interest rates and foreign exchange rates by creating offsetting positions, including through the use of derivative financial instruments. If we use foreign currency-rate sensitive and interest-rate sensitive instruments to hedge a certain portion of our existing and forecasted transactions, we would expect that any gain or loss in value of the hedge instruments generally would be offset by decreases or increases in the value of the underlying forecasted transactions.
We do not enter into derivative financial instruments for trading or speculative purposes, nor are we a party to leveraged derivatives. The master agreements governing our derivative contracts generally contain standard provisions that could trigger early termination of the contracts in certain circumstances.
Derivatives are recognized in the Consolidated Balance Sheets at their fair values. The following table presents the fair value of derivative instruments at December 31, 2021:
Asset | Liability | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Balance Sheet Classification | Fair Value | Balance Sheet Classification | Fair Value | ||||||||||||||||||||
Derivatives not designated as hedges: | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Foreign exchange forward contracts | Prepaid expenses and other | $ | — | Accounts payable | $ | 2.7 | |||||||||||||||||
Total derivatives | $ | — | $ | 2.7 |
Derivatives are recognized in the Consolidated Balance Sheets at their fair values. The following table presents the fair value of derivative instruments at December 31, 2020:
Asset | Liability | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Balance Sheet Classification | Fair Value | Balance Sheet Classification | Fair Value | ||||||||||||||||||||
Derivatives not designated as hedges: | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Foreign exchange forward contracts | Prepaid expenses and other | $ | 2.8 | Accounts payable | $ | 6.0 | |||||||||||||||||
Total derivatives | $ | 2.8 | $ | 6.0 |
Interest Rate Risk
Approximately 5% and 4% of our debt portfolio at December 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively, was exposed to floating interest rates, which relates to our short term debt portfolio.
F-36
AVON PRODUCTS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
Foreign Currency Risk
We may use foreign exchange forward contracts to manage a portion of our foreign currency exchange rate exposures. At December 31, 2021, we had outstanding foreign exchange forward contracts with notional amounts totaling approximately $171 for various currencies, none of which were designated as cash flow hedges.
We may use foreign exchange forward contracts to manage foreign currency exposure of certain intercompany loans. The change in fair value of these contracts is immediately recognized in earnings and substantially offsets the foreign currency impact recognized in earnings relating to the associated intercompany loans. During the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020, we recorded losses of $.3 and $5.7, respectively, in other expense, net in our Consolidated Statements of Operations related to these undesignated foreign exchange forward contracts.
Credit Risk of Financial Instruments
Our foreign currency derivatives are typically comprised of over-the-counter forward contracts, swaps or options with major international financial institutions. Although our theoretical credit risk is the replacement cost at the then estimated fair value of these instruments, we believe that the risk of incurring credit risk losses is remote and that such losses, if any, would not be material.
Non-performance of the counterparties on the balance of all the foreign exchange agreements would not have resulted in any write-off at December 31, 2021. In addition, in the event of non-performance by such counterparties, we would be exposed to market risk on the underlying items being hedged as a result of changes in foreign exchange rates.
NOTE 11. Fair Value
Assets and Liabilities Recorded at Fair Value
The fair value measurement provisions required by GAAP establish a fair value hierarchy, which prioritizes the inputs used in measuring fair value into three broad levels as follows:
•Level 1 - Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.
•Level 2 - Inputs, other than the quoted prices in active markets, that are observable either directly or indirectly.
•Level 3 - Unobservable inputs based on our own assumptions.
Assets and Liabilities Recorded at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis
The following table presents the fair value hierarchy for those assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis at December 31, 2021:
Level 1 | Level 2 | Total | |||||||||||||||
Liabilities: | |||||||||||||||||
Foreign exchange forward contracts | $ | — | $ | 2.7 | $ | 2.7 | |||||||||||
Total | $ | — | $ | 2.7 | $ | 2.7 |
The following table presents the fair value hierarchy for those assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis at December 31, 2020:
Level 1 | Level 2 | Total | |||||||||||||||
Assets: | |||||||||||||||||
Available-for-sale securities | $ | 4.2 | $ | — | $ | 4.2 | |||||||||||
Foreign exchange forward contracts | $ | — | $ | 2.8 | $ | 2.8 | |||||||||||
Total | $ | 4.2 | $ | 2.8 | $ | 7.0 | |||||||||||
Liabilities: | |||||||||||||||||
Foreign exchange forward contracts | $ | — | $ | 6.0 | $ | 6.0 | |||||||||||
Total | $ | — | $ | 6.0 | $ | 6.0 |
Other than our defined benefit pension and postretirement plan assets, the assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis are comprised of foreign exchange forward contracts (see Note 10, Financial Instruments and Risk
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AVON PRODUCTS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
Management) and available-for-sale securities, which were immaterial at December 31, 2021 and 2020. See Note 13, Employee Benefit Plans, for the fair value hierarchy for our plan assets. The available-for-sale securities include securities held in a trust in order to fund future benefit payments for non-qualified retirement plans (see Note 13, Employee Benefit Plans).
Fair Value of Financial Instruments
Our financial instruments include cash and cash equivalents, available-for-sale securities, short-term investments, accounts receivable, debt maturing within one year, accounts payable, long-term debt and foreign exchange forward contracts. The carrying value for cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, accounts payable and short-term investments approximate fair value because of the short-term nature of these instruments.
The net asset (liability) amounts recorded in the balance sheet (carrying amount) and the estimated fair values of our remaining financial instruments at December 31 consisted of the following:
2021 | 2020 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Carrying Amount | Fair Value | Carrying Amount | Fair Value | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Available-for-sale securities | $ | — | $ | — | $ | 4.2 | $ | 4.2 | ||||||||||||||||||
Loans to affiliates of Natura &Co maturing within one year | 46.6 | 46.6 | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Loans to affiliates of Natura &Co maturing after one year | 46.7 | 46.7 | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Debt maturing within one year | (32.6) | (32.6) | (28.0) | (28.0) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Loans from affiliates of Natura &Co maturing within one year | (371.7) | (371.7) | (1,008.6) | (1,008.6) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Long-term debt(1) | (676.0) | (754.2) | (675.4) | (782.4) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Loans from affiliates of Natura &Co maturing after one year | (736.3) | (736.3) | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Foreign exchange forward contracts | (2.7) | (2.7) | (3.2) | (3.2) |
(1) The carrying value of long-term debt is presented net of debt issuance costs and includes any related discount or premium, as applicable.
The methods and assumptions used to estimate fair value are as follows:
•Available-for-sale securities - The fair values of these investments were the quoted market prices for issues listed on securities exchanges.
•Long-term debt - The fair values of our debt and other financing were determined using Level 2 inputs based on indicative market prices.
•Foreign exchange forward contracts - The fair values of forward contracts were estimated based on quoted forward foreign exchange prices at the reporting date.
NOTE 12. Share-Based Compensation Plans
The Avon Products, Inc. 2013 Stock Incentive Plan, as amended and restated (the "2013 Plan") and the Avon Products, Inc. 2016 Omnibus Incentive Plan (the "2016 Plan"), which are shareholder-approved plans, provide for several types of share-based incentive compensation awards including stock options, restricted stock, restricted stock units and performance restricted stock units. Following shareholder approval of the 2016 Plan in May 2016, there were no further awards made under the 2013 Plan. The 2016 Plan was amended and restated (the “Amended and Restated 2016 Plan”) following shareholder approval in May 2019. Under the Amended and Restated 2016 Plan, the maximum number of shares was amended to 20,451,976 shares of common stock, which includes 5,000,000 additional shares and 15,451,976 unused shares under the 2016 Plan as of March 15, 2019, where the maximum number of shares are reduced as follows: (i) in the case of the grant of an award of an option or SAR, by each share subject to such an award and (ii) in the case of the grant of an award payable in shares other than an option or SAR by 1.35 multiplied by each share subject to such an award. Shares issued under share-based awards will be primarily funded with issuance of new shares.
We issued stock options and restricted stock under the 2016 Plan (including under the Amended and Restated 2016 Plan), and restricted stock units and performance restricted stock units under the 2013 Plan and the 2016 Plan (including under the Amended and Restated 2016 Plan). We also have outstanding stock options under our prior shareholder-approved plans. Stock option awards were granted with an exercise price generally at a premium to the closing market price of our stock at the date of grant. Stock options generally vest in thirds over the three-year period following each option grant date and have ten-year contractual terms. Restricted stock units granted to Associates generally vest and settle after three years. Restricted stock units awarded to non-management directors vest in approximately one year and settle upon a director's departure from the Board of
F-38
AVON PRODUCTS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
Directors. Performance restricted stock units generally vest after three years only upon the satisfaction of certain market or performance conditions.
On January 3, 2020, upon the completion of the Transaction with Natura &Co, our share-based compensation awards were either cancelled in exchange for the right to receive an amount in cash or converted into an award denominated in Natura &Co shares. Subsequent to the Transaction, the 2013 Plan and the 2016 Plan (including under the Amended and Restated 2016 Plan) were replaced by the Natura &Co Stock-Based Compensation Plan.
Under the Natura &Co Stock-Based Compensation Plan, Natura has issued nominal cost options and performance share units ("performance shares" or "PSUs"). Nominal cost options were granted in exchange for Avon restricted stock units and performance restricted stock units and vest as a single tranche in line with the vesting date of the original Avon awards. Nominal cost options will automatically exercise on vest date. Performance share units generally vest after three years only upon the satisfaction of certain market and/or performance conditions.
For the years ended December 31:
2021 | 2020 | 2019 | ||||||||||||||||||
Compensation cost for stock-based compensation | $ | 13.4 | $ | 24.9 | $ | 15.6 | ||||||||||||||
Total income tax (cost)/ benefit recognized for share-based arrangements | (.2) | 1.9 | 1.3 |
All of the compensation cost for share based compensation for 2021, 2020 and 2019 was recorded in SG&A expenses in our Consolidated Statements of Operations.
Stock Options
During 2019 we granted premium-priced stock options, in which the exercise price was equal to a 25% premium from the closing market price of our stock price at the date of grant. The premium-priced stock options vest on a three-year graded vesting schedule. The fair value of each premium-priced stock option is estimated on the date of grant using a Monte-Carlo simulation. When estimating the fair value of each option, we used the following weighted-average assumptions for options granted during the year ended December 31, 2019:
2019 | ||||||||
Risk-free rate(1) | 2.4% | |||||||
Expected term(2) | 7 years | |||||||
Expected Avon volatility(3) | 45% | |||||||
Expected dividends | —% |
(1)The risk-free rate was based upon the rate on a zero coupon U.S. Treasury bill, for periods within the contractual life of the option, in effect at the time of grant.
(2)The expected term of the option was based on the vesting terms of the respective option and a contractual life of 10 years.
(3)Expected Avon volatility was based on the daily historical volatility of our stock price, over a period similar to the expected life of the option.
The weighted-average grant-date fair value per share of options granted was $1.13.
On January 3, 2020, upon the completion of the Transaction with Natura &Co, each of the approximately 14.9 million outstanding stock options, whether or not then vested or exercisable, was automatically canceled in exchange for the right to receive an amount in cash, without interest, equal to the number of Avon Common Shares underlying such stock option immediately prior to the effective time of the Transaction multiplied by the excess, if any, of the per share cash-out price over the exercise price per share. The “per share cash out price” was the closing price of an Avon Common Share on the NYSE on the closing date of the Transaction. No amount was payable upon cancellation of stock option with an exercise price per share that is greater than the per share cash-out price.
In accordance with ASC 718, Stock-based compensation, we have accounted for the cash settlement as a repurchase of an equity instrument concurrent with the acceleration of vesting of the award. Options that were cancelled without compensation were treated as a repurchase of equity for no consideration. The cash settlement value of $20.5 was recognized through equity and $3.5 of unrecognized compensation expense of the unvested options was accelerated and recorded in SG&A expenses in our Consolidated Statements of Operations.
We recognized expense on stock options using a graded vesting method, which recognizes the associated expense based on the timing of option vesting dates. At December 31, 2021 and 2020, there were no outstanding stock options as they were cancelled as per above.
F-39
AVON PRODUCTS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
Restricted Stock Units and Performance Restricted Stock Units
During 2019 we granted performance restricted stock units that would vest and settle after three years based on the relative total shareholder return of our common stock against companies included in the S&P 400 index as of the date of grant over a three year performance period ("2019 PRSUs"). The grant date fair value per share of these awards already reflects the estimated probability of achieving the market condition, and therefore we record the expense ratably over the performance period.
The fair value of the PRSUs was estimated on the date of grant using a Monte-Carlo simulation that estimates the fair value based on the Company's share price activity, expected term of the award, risk-free interest rate, expected dividends and the expected volatility of the stock of the Company. When estimating the fair value of the PRSUs, we used the following weighted-average assumptions:
2019 PRSUs | ||||||||
Risk-free rate(1) | 2.4% | |||||||
Expected Avon volatility(2) | 54.8% | |||||||
Expected average volatility(3) | 29.9% | |||||||
Expected dividends | —% |
(1)The risk-free rate was based upon the rate on a zero coupon U.S. Treasury bill, for periods within the three year performance period, in effect at the time of grant.
(2)Expected Avon volatility was based on the weekly historical volatility of our stock price, over a period similar to the three year performance period of the 2019 PRSUs.
(3)Expected average volatility was based on the weekly historical volatility of the stock prices of each member of companies included in the S&P 400 index as of the date of the grant, over a period similar to the three year performance period of the 2019 PRSUs.
The weighted-average grant-date fair value per share of the 2019 PRSUs was $2.63.
On January 3, 2020, upon the completion of the Transaction with Natura &Co, each of the approximately 4.4 million outstanding Restricted Stock Units ("RSU") was converted into Natura &Co Holding nominal cost options equal to the number of Avon Common Shares subject to each RSU immediately prior to the Transaction multiplied by the Exchange Ratio of 0.30. In addition, each of the approximately 3.0 million outstanding PRSUs was converted into an award denominated in Natura &Co Holding Shares, that is subject only to time-based vesting, equal to the number of Avon Common Shares subject to each PRSU immediately prior to the Transaction, giving effect to market conditions that are deemed to be attained, multiplied by the Exchange Ratios of 0.30. The terms and conditions, including service conditions but excluding market conditions, applicable to each RSU and PRSU will continue in full force and effect with respect to the nominal cost options as described below.
In accordance with ASC 718, Stock-based compensation, we accounted for the modification as a Type I (probable-to-probable) modification and the incremental fair value of approximately $3.4 will be recognized over the remaining service period of the awards.
At December 31, 2021 and 2020, there were no outstanding RSUs and PRUs as they were exchanged for Natura &Co Holding Nominal Cost Options.
Natura &Co Holding Nominal cost options
As discussed above, each outstanding Avon RSU and PRSU at the time of the Transaction was exchanged for Natura &Co Holding Nominal Cost Options. These nominal cost options vest in a single tranche in line with the original vesting schedule of three years and will automatically exercise on the vest date.
We accounted for the exchange as a Type I (probable-to-probable) modification where the cumulative amount of the compensation cost that should be recognized over the vesting period is the original grant-date fair value plus incremental fair value of $3.4 resulting from the modification.
During 2021, Natura &Co granted employees of the Company and its subsidiaries a further 1,660,941 nominal cost options with a weighted-average grant date fair value of $9.72 per unit. These 2021 nominal cost options normally vest in a single tranche in line with the original vesting schedule of three years and will automatically exercise on the vest date. For certain participants, vesting automatically occurs either 50% on both the 3rd and 4th anniversary of the grant date or 50% on both the 4th and 5th anniversary of the grant date.
A summary of nominal cost options at December 31, 2021 and changes during 2021, is as follows:
F-40
AVON PRODUCTS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
Nominal cost options (in 000’s) | Weighted-Average Modification-Date Fair Value | |||||||||||||
January 1, 2021 | 1,547 | $ | 11.51 | |||||||||||
Granted | 1,661 | 9.72 | ||||||||||||
Exercised | (600) | (12.12) | ||||||||||||
Forfeited | (282) | (12.10) | ||||||||||||
Outstanding at December 31, 2021 | 2,326 | $ | 10.00 |
The total fair value of restricted stock units and performance restricted stock units that vested during 2021 was $10.5 based upon market prices on the vesting dates.
We recognize expense over the requisite service period. At December 31, 2021, there was $11.4 of unrecognized compensation cost related to nominal cost options outstanding. That cost is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 3.0 years.
Natura &Co Holding Performance Share Units (PSUs)
On March 27, 2020, Natura &Co’s Board of Directors approved the new long-term stock-based incentive plan (the “Long-Term Incentive Plan”) for 2020. The Long-Term Incentive Plan consists of the granting of PSUs, the rights of participants in relation to the PSUs will only be fully acquired to the extent that (i) the participant remains continuously linked as an employee of the Company and its subsidiaries until the 3rd anniversary of the grant date; and (ii) performance conditions are met. For certain participants, there is a different condition for item (i) above, in which 50% of the PSUs granted will be acquired on the 3rd anniversary of the grant date and the remaining 50% will be acquired on the 4th anniversary of the grant date.
During 2021 and 2020, Natura &Co granted 627,983 and 1,543,244 PSUs respectively with a weighted-average grant date fair value of $17.32 and $20.91 per unit respectively.
A summary of performance share units at December 31, 2021 and changes during 2021, is as follows:
Performance Share Units (in 000’s) | Weighted-Average Modification-Date Fair Value | |||||||||||||
January 1, 2021 | 1,543 | $ | 20.91 | |||||||||||
Granted | 628 | 17.32 | ||||||||||||
Exercised | — | — | ||||||||||||
Forfeited | (317) | (20.45) | ||||||||||||
Outstanding at December 31, 2021 | 1,854 | $ | 19.78 |
We recognize expense over the requisite service period to the extent that it is expected that the performance conditions are probable of being achieved. At December 31, 2021, there was $27.5 of unrecognized compensation cost related to the PSUs outstanding. That cost is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 1.6 years.
Restricted Stock
In December 2019, 2,083,872 RSUs and 3,276,774 PRSUs were exchanged for 4,808,534 Restricted Stock. The exchange was done in advance of the Transaction with Natura &Co Holding. The Company accounted for the modification as a Type I (probable-to-probable) modification and the incremental fair value of approximately $1.5 will be recognized over the remaining service period of the awards. The Restricted Stock would vest and settle after three years from the grant date of the original award. The Company retained and cancelled 1,400,010 Restricted Stock to satisfy withholding tax obligations of the grantees. The cancellation resulted in the acceleration and recognition of $1.7 of compensation cost for the year ended December 31, 2019 and was included as part of the $44 of Transaction related costs.
On January 3, 2020, upon the completion of the Transaction with Natura & Co, the 3,408,524 Restricted Stock outstanding was converted at the exchange ratio of 0.30 into an award denominated in Natura &Co Holding equity. The terms and conditions, including service-based vesting conditions, continue in full force and effect with respect to such award of Natura &Co Holding Restricted Stock.
During January 2020, it was announced that the employment of certain senior officers of the Company would be terminated, in connection with the Transaction. As a result, Restricted Stock held by these senior officers immediately vested and we recognized approximately $10 relating to the acceleration of unamortized expense.
Restricted Stock Units and Performance Restricted Stock Units Funded With Treasury Shares
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AVON PRODUCTS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
In March 2019 and March 2018, we granted 200,000 and 200,000 performance restricted stock units, respectively, that will be funded with treasury shares, outside of the 2016 Plan, in reliance upon the NYSE rules. These performance restricted stock units have a weighted-average grant-date fair value of $2.98 and $2.79 for the 2019 and 2018 grants respectively, and would vest and settle at the end of 2020 only upon the satisfaction of certain performance conditions over a one year performance period. During 2019 none of these performance restricted stock units vested, and 400,000 performance restricted stock units were outstanding at December 31, 2019. During 2019 we recognized compensation cost of $.5, for these performance restricted stock units.
In February 2018 we granted 600,000 restricted stock units that will be funded from treasury shares, outside of our shareholder-approved plans, in reliance upon the NYSE rules. The restricted stock units granted in February 2018 have a weighted-average grant-date fair value of $2.25 and vest and settle in full after three years. During 2019 none of these restricted stock units vested, and there were 600,000 restricted stock units outstanding at December 31, 2019. During 2019 we recognized compensation cost of $.4 for these restricted stock units.
As at December 31, 2019, there were no outstanding RSUs or PRSUs funded with Treasury Shares as they were all exchanged for Avon Restricted Stock. During 2020 all Avon Restricted Stock was exchanged for Natura Restricted Stock, as described above.
NOTE 13. Employee Benefit Plans
Defined Contribution Plans
We offer a defined contribution plan for employees in the United Kingdom ("UK"), which allows eligible participants to contribute eligible compensation through payroll deductions. We double employee contributions up to the first 5% of eligible compensation and therefore the maximum level provided by Avon is 10% of eligible compensation. We made matching contributions in cash to the UK defined contribution plan of $8.1 in 2021, $7.6 in 2020 and $7.5 in 2019, which follow the same investment allocation that the participant has selected for his or her own contributions.
We also offer a qualified defined contribution plan for U.S.-based employees, the Avon Personal Savings Account Plan (the "PSA"), which allows eligible participants to contribute up to 25% of eligible compensation through payroll deductions. We match employee contributions dollar for dollar up to the first 3% of eligible compensation and fifty cents for each dollar contributed from 4% to 6% of eligible compensation. We made matching contributions in cash to the PSA of $.9 in 2021, $1.0 in 2020 and $1.3 in 2019, which follow the same investment allocation that the participant has selected for his or her own contributions. Prior to the separation of the North America business, the costs associated with the contributions to the PSA were allocated between Discontinued Operations and Global as the plan included both North America and U.S. Corporate Avon associates. See Note 3, Discontinued Operations and Assets and Liabilities Held for Sale.
For U.S.-based employees hired on or after January 1, 2015, we made additional contributions to a Retirement Savings Account ("RSA") within the PSA. Such contributions will range from 3% to 6% of a participant's eligible compensation depending on the sum of the participant's age and length of service (as of December 31 of the prior year). Investment of such contributions will follow the same investment allocation that the participant has selected for his or her own contributions to the PSA. A participant will be vested in the RSA generally after three full years of applicable service.
Defined Benefit Pension and Postretirement Plans
Avon and certain subsidiaries have contributory and noncontributory defined benefit retirement plans for substantially all employees of those subsidiaries. Benefits under these plans are generally based on an employee’s length of service and average compensation near retirement, and certain plans have vesting requirements. Plans are funded based on legal requirements and cash flow.
Our largest non-U.S. defined benefit pension plan is in the UK. The UK defined benefit pension plan was frozen for future accruals as of April 1, 2013. The U.S. defined benefit pension plan, the Avon Products, Inc. Personal Retirement Account Plan (the "PRA"), is closed to employees hired on or after January 1, 2015. Qualified retirement benefits for U.S.-based employees hired on or after January 1, 2015 will be provided solely through the PSA, as described above.
Following the separation of the North America business (see further Note 3, Discontinued Operations and Assets and Liabilities Held for Sale), we continue to retain certain U.S. pension and other postretirement liabilities primarily associated with employees who are actively employed by Avon in the U.S. providing services other than with respect to the North America business.
We recognize the funded status of defined benefit pension and other postretirement benefit plans on the balance sheet. Each overfunded plan is recognized as an asset and each underfunded plan is recognized as a liability. The recognition of prior service costs or credits and net actuarial gains or losses, as well as subsequent changes in the funded status, are recognized as components of AOCI, net of tax, in shareholders’ equity, until they are amortized as a component of net periodic benefit cost.
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AVON PRODUCTS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
We recognize prior service costs or credits and actuarial gains and losses beyond a 10% corridor to earnings based on the estimated future service period of the participants. The determination of the 10% corridor utilizes a calculated value of plan assets for our more significant plans, whereby gains and losses are smoothed over three- and five-year periods.
Reconciliation of Benefit Obligations, Plan Assets and Funded Status
The following table summarizes changes in the benefit obligation, plan assets and the funded status of our significant defined benefit pension and postretirement plans. We use a December 31 measurement date for all of our employee benefit plans.
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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
Pension Plans | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
U.S. Plans | Non-U.S. Plans | Postretirement Benefits | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2021 | 2020 | 2021 | 2020 | 2021 | 2020 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Change in Benefit Obligation: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Beginning balance | $ | (67.9) | $ | (71.7) | $ | (767.5) | $ | (685.9) | $ | (7.7) | $ | (26.8) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Service cost | (.9) | (1.2) | (4.3) | (4.3) | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Interest cost | (1.0) | (1.4) | (8.7) | (11.7) | (.3) | (.7) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Actuarial gain (loss) | 1.8 | (6.2) | 54.6 | (61.8) | .4 | (1.5) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Benefits paid | 7.7 | 12.6 | 25.7 | 27.8 | .6 | 5.4 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Actual expenses and taxes | — | — | .4 | .5 | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Plan amendments | — | — | — | — | — | 4.1 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Curtailments | — | — | .2 | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Settlements | — | — | 1.8 | 1.1 | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Special termination benefits | — | — | — | — | (3.0) | 5.8 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Transfers | — | — | — | — | — | 4.9 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Foreign currency changes and other | — | — | 13.5 | (33.2) | .3 | 1.1 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Sale of Avon Luxembourg | — | — | 13.1 | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Ending balance | $ | (60.3) | $ | (67.9) | $ | (671.2) | $ | (767.5) | $ | (9.7) | $ | (7.7) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Change in Plan Assets: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Beginning balance | $ | 59.7 | $ | 63.3 | $ | 762.0 | $ | 695.4 | $ | — | $ | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Actual return on plan assets | 1.6 | 8.0 | 29.3 | 62.0 | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Company contributions | .7 | 1.0 | 10.1 | 3.3 | .6 | 10.2 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Benefits paid | (7.7) | (12.6) | (25.7) | (27.8) | (.6) | (5.3) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Actual expenses and taxes | — | — | (.4) | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Settlements | — | — | (1.8) | (1.1) | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Transfers | — | — | — | — | — | (4.9) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Foreign currency changes and other | — | — | (9.1) | 30.2 | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Ending balance | $ | 54.3 | $ | 59.7 | $ | 764.4 | $ | 762.0 | $ | — | $ | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Funded Status: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Funded status at end of year | $ | (6.0) | $ | (8.2) | $ | 93.2 | $ | (5.5) | $ | (9.7) | $ | (7.7) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Amount Recognized in Balance Sheet: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Other assets | $ | — | $ | — | $ | 162.4 | $ | 103.1 | $ | — | $ | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Accrued compensation | (.7) | (.9) | (1.2) | (2.1) | (6.3) | (3.6) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Employee benefit plans liability | (5.3) | (7.4) | (68.0) | (106.5) | (3.4) | (4.1) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Net amount recognized | $ | (6.0) | $ | (8.3) | $ | 93.2 | $ | (5.5) | $ | (9.7) | $ | (7.7) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Pretax Amounts Recognized in Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Net actuarial loss | $ | 14.7 | $ | 19.6 | $ | 122.8 | $ | 204.7 | .8 | $ | 1.9 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Prior service (credit) cost | — | (.1) | 2.0 | 1.5 | (.8) | (5.3) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total pretax amount recognized | $ | 14.7 | $ | 19.5 | $ | 124.8 | $ | 206.2 | $ | — | $ | (3.4) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Supplemental Information: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Accumulated benefit obligation | $ | 59.5 | $ | 66.8 | $ | 159.4 | $ | 200.6 | N/A | N/A | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Plans with Projected Benefit Obligation in Excess of Plan Assets: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Projected benefit obligation | $ | 60.3 | $ | 67.9 | $ | 170.0 | $ | 220.1 | N/A | N/A | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Fair value plan assets | 54.3 | 59.7 | 100.8 | 111.5 | N/A | N/A | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Plans with Accumulated Benefit Obligation in Excess of Plan Assets: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Accumulated benefit obligation | 59.5 | 7.3 | 153.6 | 190.1 | N/A | N/A | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Fair value plan assets | 54.3 | — | 91.7 | 98.3 | N/A | N/A |
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AVON PRODUCTS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
For the year ended December 31, 2021, actuarial gains on benefit obligations were primarily due to a increase in discount rates for all plans. For the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019, actuarial losses on the benefit obligations were primarily due to a decrease in discount rates for all plans.
The U.S. pension plans include a funded qualified plan (the PRA) and unfunded non-qualified plans. At December 31, 2021, the PRA had benefit obligations of $53.6 and plan assets of $54.3. At December 31, 2020, the PRA had benefit obligations of $60.4 and plan assets of $59.7. We believe we have adequate investments and cash flows to fund the liabilities associated with the unfunded non-qualified plans. The Non-U.S. pension plans include a funded qualified pension plan in the UK. At December 31, 2021, the UK qualified pension plan had benefit obligations of $492.0 and plan assets of $653.6. At December 31, 2020, the UK qualified pension plan had benefit obligations of $545.5 and plan assets of $648.4.
Components of Net Periodic Benefit Cost and Other Amounts Recognized in Other Comprehensive Loss
Pension Benefits | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
U.S. Plans | Non-U.S. Plans | Postretirement Benefits | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2021 | 2020 | 2019 | 2021 | 2020 | 2019 | 2021 | 2020 | 2019 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Net Periodic Benefit Cost: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Service cost | $ | .9 | $ | 1.2 | $ | 1.7 | $ | 4.3 | $ | 4.3 | $ | 4.0 | $ | — | $ | — | $ | .1 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Interest cost | 1.0 | 1.4 | 2.3 | 8.7 | 11.7 | 15.3 | .3 | .7 | 1.2 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Expected return on plan assets | (2.0) | (2.6) | (3.4) | (16.0) | (16.0) | (31.0) | — | — | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Amortization of prior service credit | — | — | — | — | (.1) | — | (4.5) | (.2) | (.2) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Amortization of net actuarial losses | 2.4 | 2.9 | 2.8 | 7.5 | 6.3 | 4.9 | .7 | — | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Amortization of transition obligation | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Settlements/curtailments | 1.0 | 2.6 | 3.0 | .1 | .1 | (.6) | — | — | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Special termination benefits | — | — | — | — | — | — | 3.0 | (4.2) | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Other | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Net periodic benefit cost | $ | 3.3 | $ | 5.5 | $ | 6.4 | $ | 4.6 | $ | 6.3 | $ | (7.4) | $ | (.5) | $ | (3.7) | $ | 1.1 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Other Changes in Plan Assets and Benefit Obligations Recognized in Other Comprehensive (Loss) Income: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Actuarial losses (gains) | $ | (1.4) | $ | .8 | $ | (3.0) | $ | (68.1) | $ | 15.9 | $ | 13.1 | $ | (.4) | $ | 1.5 | $ | 2.5 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Prior service cost (credit) | — | — | — | — | — | — | 4.5 | (4.1) | (1.3) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Amortization of prior service credit | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | .2 | .2 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Amortization of net actuarial losses | (3.4) | (5.5) | (5.7) | (7.6) | (6.4) | (4.6) | (.7) | (1.6) | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Foreign currency changes | — | — | — | (5.9) | 11.6 | 1.7 | — | — | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total recognized in other comprehensive loss* | $ | (4.8) | $ | (4.7) | $ | (8.7) | $ | (81.6) | $ | 21.1 | $ | 10.2 | $ | 3.4 | $ | (4.0) | $ | 1.4 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total recognized in net periodic benefit cost and other comprehensive loss | $ | (1.5) | $ | .8 | $ | (2.3) | $ | (77.0) | $ | 27.4 | $ | 2.8 | $ | 2.9 | $ | (7.7) | $ | 2.5 |
* Amounts represent the pre-tax effect classified within other comprehensive loss. The net of tax amounts are classified within our Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Loss.
Assumptions
Weighted-average assumptions used to determine benefit obligations recorded in our Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 31 were as follows:
Pension Benefits | Postretirement | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
U.S. Plans | Non-U.S. Plans | Benefits | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2021 | 2020 | 2021 | 2020 | 2021 | 2020 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Discount rate | 2.81 | % | 2.43 | % | 2.09 | % | 1.45 | % | 3.61 | % | 3.95 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Rate of compensation increase | 4.00 | % | 4.00 | % | 2.56 | % | 2.51 | % | N/A | N/A | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Interest crediting rate | 1.78 | % | 1.62 | % | 2.75 | % | 2.68 | % | N/A | N/A |
The discount rate used for determining the present value of future pension obligations for each individual defined benefit pension plan is based on a review of bonds that receive a high-quality rating from a recognized rating agency. The discount rates for our more significant plans, including the UK defined benefit pension plan and the PRA, were based on the internal rates of return for a portfolio of high-quality bonds with maturities that are consistent with the projected future benefit payment
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AVON PRODUCTS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
obligations of each plan. The weighted-average discount rate for U.S. and non-U.S. defined benefit pension plans determined on this basis has increased to 2.15% at December 31, 2021, from 1.53% at December 31, 2020.
Weighted-average assumptions used to determine net benefit cost recorded in our Consolidated Statements of Operations for the years ended December 31 were as follows:
Pension Benefits | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
U.S. Plans | Non-U.S. Plans | Postretirement Benefits | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2021 | 2020 | 2019 | 2021 | 2020 | 2019 | 2021 | 2020 | 2019 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Discount rate | 2.42 | % | 3.16 | % | 4.24 | % | 1.45 | % | 2.05 | % | 2.92 | % | 3.95 | % | 3.66 | % | 5.17 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Rate of compensation increase | 4.00 | % | 4.00 | % | 4.00 | % | 2.51 | % | 2.54 | % | 2.69 | % | N/A | N/A | N/A | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Rate of return on assets | 4.15 | % | 4.90 | % | 5.50 | % | 2.32 | % | 2.55 | % | 5.27 | % | N/A | N/A | N/A | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Interest crediting rate | 1.49 | % | 2.49 | % | 3.36 | % | 2.74 | % | 2.69 | % | 2.69 | % | N/A | N/A | N/A |
In determining the long-term rates of return, we consider the nature of each plan’s investments, an expectation for each plan’s investment strategies, historical rates of return and current economic forecasts, among other factors. We generally evaluate the expected rate of return on plan assets annually and adjust as necessary. In determining the net cost for the year ended December 31, 2021, the assumed rate of return on assets globally was 2.45%, which represents the weighted-average rate of return on all plan assets.
A significant portion of our pension plan assets relate to the UK defined benefit pension plan. The assumed rate of return for determining 2021 net periodic benefit cost for the UK defined benefit pension plan was 2.10%. In addition, the 2021 rate of return assumption for the UK defined benefit pension plan was based on an asset allocation of approximately 76% in liability driven investments, and approximately 24% in equity securities, emerging market debt and high yield securities. In addition to the physical assets, the asset portfolio for the UK defined benefit pension plan has derivative instruments which increase our exposure to fixed income (in order to better match liabilities).
Similar assessments were performed in determining rates of return on other non-U.S. defined benefit pension plan assets, to arrive at our weighted-average assumed rate of return of 2.32% for determining 2021 net cost for all non-US defined benefit pension plan assets.
Plan Assets
Our U.S. and non-U.S. funded defined benefit pension plans target and weighted-average asset allocations at December 31, 2021 and 2020, by asset category were as follows:
U.S. Pension Plan | Non-U.S. Pension Plans | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
% of Plan Assets | % of Plan Assets | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Target | at Year-End | Target | at Year-End | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Asset Category | 2022 | 2021 | 2020 | 2022 | 2021 | 2020 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Equity securities | 30 | % | 30 | % | 31 | % | 23 | % | 23 | % | 21 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Debt securities | 70 | 70 | 69 | 72 | 72 | 74 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Other | — | — | — | 5 | 5 | 5 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total | 100 | % | 100 | % | 100 | % | 100 | % | 100 | % | 100 | % |
The following tables present the fair value hierarchy for pension assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis at December 31, 2021 :
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AVON PRODUCTS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
U.S. Pension Plan | ||||||||||||||||||||
Asset Category | Level 1 | Level 2 | Total | |||||||||||||||||
Equity Securities: | ||||||||||||||||||||
Domestic equity | $ | — | $ | 8.3 | $ | 8.3 | ||||||||||||||
International equity | — | 6.6 | 6.6 | |||||||||||||||||
Emerging markets | — | 1.6 | 1.6 | |||||||||||||||||
— | 16.5 | 16.5 | ||||||||||||||||||
Fixed Income Securities: | ||||||||||||||||||||
Corporate bonds | — | 21.6 | 21.6 | |||||||||||||||||
Government securities | — | 8.8 | 8.8 | |||||||||||||||||
Other | — | 7.3 | 7.3 | |||||||||||||||||
— | 37.7 | 37.7 | ||||||||||||||||||
Other | ||||||||||||||||||||
Cash | — | .1 | .1 | |||||||||||||||||
— | .1 | .1 | ||||||||||||||||||
Total | $ | — | $ | 54.3 | $ | 54.3 |
Non-U.S. Pension Plans | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Asset Category | Level 1 | Level 2 | Level 3 | Total | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Equity Securities: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Domestic equity | $ | — | $ | 29.4 | $ | — | $ | 29.4 | ||||||||||||||||||
International equity | — | 145.2 | — | 145.2 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
— | 174.6 | — | 174.6 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Fixed Income Securities: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Corporate bonds | — | 257.6 | — | 257.6 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Government securities | — | 256.9 | — | 256.9 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Other | — | 36.5 | — | 36.5 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
— | 551.0 | — | 551.0 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Other | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Cash | 34.3 | — | — | 34.3 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Derivatives | — | 2.2 | — | 2.2 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Real estate | — | — | 2.3 | 2.3 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
34.3 | 2.2 | 2.3 | 38.8 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Total | $ | 34.3 | $ | 727.8 | $ | 2.3 | $ | 764.4 |
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AVON PRODUCTS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
The following tables present the fair value hierarchy for pension assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis at December 31, 2020:
U.S. Pension Plan | ||||||||||||||||||||
Asset Category | Level 1 | Level 2 | Total | |||||||||||||||||
Equity Securities: | ||||||||||||||||||||
Domestic equity | $ | — | $ | 9.3 | $ | 9.3 | ||||||||||||||
International equity | — | 7.5 | 7.5 | |||||||||||||||||
Emerging markets | — | 1.9 | 1.9 | |||||||||||||||||
— | 18.7 | 18.7 | ||||||||||||||||||
Fixed Income Securities: | ||||||||||||||||||||
Corporate bonds | — | 23.7 | 23.7 | |||||||||||||||||
Government securities | — | 9.4 | 9.4 | |||||||||||||||||
Other | — | 7.8 | 7.8 | |||||||||||||||||
— | 40.9 | 40.9 | ||||||||||||||||||
Total | $ | — | $ | 59.7 | $ | 59.7 |
Non-U.S. Pension Plans | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Asset Category | Level 1 | Level 2 | Level 3 | Total | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Equity Securities: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Domestic equity | $ | — | $ | 26.0 | $ | — | $ | 26.0 | ||||||||||||||||||
International equity | — | 132.0 | — | 132.0 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
— | 158.0 | — | 158.0 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Fixed Income Securities: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Corporate bonds | — | 32.4 | — | 32.4 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Government securities | — | 497.4 | — | 497.4 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Other | — | 37.3 | — | 37.3 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
— | 567.1 | — | 567.1 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Other: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Cash | 33.3 | — | — | 33.3 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Derivatives | — | 2.0 | — | 2.0 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Real estate | — | — | 1.6 | 1.6 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
33.3 | 2.0 | 1.6 | 36.9 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Total | $ | 33.3 | $ | 727.1 | $ | 1.6 | $ | 762.0 |
A reconciliation of the beginning and ending balances for our Level 3 investments is provided in the table below:
Amount | |||||
Balance at January 1, 2020 | $ | 1.6 | |||
Balance at December 31, 2020 | 1.6 | ||||
Actual return on plan assets held | .7 | ||||
Balance at December 31, 2021 | 2.3 |
Investments in equity securities classified as Level 1 in the fair value hierarchy are valued at quoted market prices. Investments in equity securities classified as Level 2 in the fair value hierarchy include collective funds that are valued at quoted market prices for non-active securities. Fixed income securities are based on broker quotes for non-active securities. Mutual funds are valued at quoted market prices. Real estate is valued by reference to investment and leasing transactions at similar types of property, supplemented by third party appraisals. Derivative instruments are not publicly traded, and each derivative contract is specifically negotiated with a unique financial counterparty. The derivative instruments are valued based upon valuation statements received from the financial counterparties, which use underlying yield curves or market indices.
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AVON PRODUCTS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
The overall objective of the plan assets associated with the PRA and the UK defined benefit pension plan is to provide the means to pay benefits to participants and their beneficiaries in the amounts and at the times called for by the plan. This is expected to be achieved through the investment of our contributions and other trust assets and by utilizing investment policies designed to achieve adequate funding over a reasonable period of time.
In some of our defined benefit pension plans, we have adopted investment strategies which are designed to match the movements in the pension liability through an increased allocation towards debt securities. In addition, we also utilize derivative instruments in our UK defined benefit pension plans to hedge certain risks. Derivative instruments may include, but are not limited to, futures, options, swaps or swaptions. Investment types, including the use of derivatives are based on written guidelines established for each investment manager and monitored by the plan's investment committee.
Pension trust assets are invested so as to achieve a return on investment, based on levels of liquidity and investment risk that are prudent and reasonable as circumstances change from time to time. While we recognize the importance of the preservation of capital, we also adhere to the theory of capital market pricing which maintains that varying degrees of investment risk should be rewarded with compensating returns. Consequently, prudent risk-taking is justifiable.
The asset allocation decision includes consideration of the non-investment aspects of the PRA and the UK defined benefit pension plan, including future retirements, lump-sum elections, growth in the number of participants, company contributions, and cash flow. These characteristics of the plan place certain demands upon the level, risk, and required growth of trust assets. We regularly conduct analyses of the plan’s current and likely future financial status by forecasting assets, liabilities, benefits and company contributions over time. In so doing, the impact of alternative investment policies upon the plan’s financial status is measured and an asset mix which balances asset returns and risk is selected.
Our decision with regard to asset mix is reviewed periodically. Asset mix guidelines include target allocations and permissible ranges for each asset category. Assets are monitored on an ongoing basis and rebalanced as required to maintain an asset mix within the permissible ranges. The guidelines will change from time to time, based on an ongoing evaluation of the factors discussed above.
Cash flows
We expect to make contributions related to continuing operations in the range of $10 to $15 to our defined benefit pension and postretirement plans during 2022.
Total benefit payments expected to be paid from the plans are as follows:
Pension Benefits | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
U.S. Plans | Non-U.S. Plans | Total | Postretirement Benefits | |||||||||||||||||||||||
2022 | $ | 5.7 | $ | 26.2 | $ | 31.9 | $ | 6.3 | ||||||||||||||||||
2023 | 4.8 | 26.8 | 31.6 | .3 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
2024 | 5.0 | 27.9 | 32.9 | .3 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
2025 | 4.1 | 28.0 | 32.1 | .3 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
2026 | 3.9 | 27.7 | 31.6 | .3 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
2027-2031 | 14.7 | 149.6 | 164.3 | 1.4 |
Postemployment Benefits
We provide postemployment benefits, which include salary continuation, severance benefits, disability benefits and continuation of health care benefits to eligible former employees. The accrued cost for such postemployment benefits was $6.5 at December 31, 2021 and $9.1 at December 31, 2020 and was included in employee benefit plans in our Consolidated Balance Sheets.
Supplemental Retirement Programs
In the U.S., in addition to qualified retirement plans (i.e., the PSA and the PRA), we also maintain unfunded non-qualified plans. We offer a non-qualified deferred compensation plan, the Avon Products, Inc. Deferred Compensation Plan (the "DCP"), for certain higher paid key employees. The DCP is an unfunded, unsecured plan for which obligations are paid to participants out of our general assets. The DCP allows for the deferral of up to 50% of a participant’s base salary, the deferral of up to 100% of incentive compensation bonuses, and the deferral of contributions that would normally have been made to the PSA but are not deferred because the amount was in excess of U.S. Internal Revenue Code limits on contributions to the PSA. Participants may elect to have their deferred compensation invested in one or more of 3 permitted investment alternatives. Expense associated with the DCP was zero in 2021, $.1 in 2020 and $.8 in 2019. The benefit obligation under the DCP was $.7 at
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AVON PRODUCTS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
December 31, 2021 and $.8 at December 31, 2020 and was included in other liabilities and accrued compensation in our Consolidated Balance Sheets. The Transaction triggered a change of control provision in the DCP, resulting in the settlement of the majority of the obligation in 2020.
We maintain supplemental retirement programs consisting of the Supplemental Executive Retirement Plan of Avon Products, Inc. ("SERP") and the Benefit Restoration Pension Plan of Avon Products, Inc. ("BRP") under which non-qualified supplemental pension benefits are paid to higher paid key employees in addition to amounts received under our qualified defined benefit retirement plan, which is subject to IRS limitations on covered compensation. The SERP has not been offered to new employees in the last ten years, and the BRP is closed to employees hired on or after January 1, 2015 in conjunction with the closure of the PRA. The annual cost of these programs has been included in the determination of the net periodic benefit cost shown previously and amounted to $1.0 in 2021, $1.2 in 2020 and $1.3 in 2019. The benefit obligation under these programs was $6.7 at December 31, 2021 and $7.6 at December 31, 2020 and was included in employee benefit plans and accrued compensation in our Consolidated Balance Sheets.
We also maintain a Supplemental Life Plan ("SLIP") under which additional death benefits are provided to certain active and retired officers. The SLIP has not been offered to new officers in over ten years.
We established a grantor trust to provide assets that may be used for the benefits payable under the SERP and SLIP. The trust is irrevocable and, although subject to creditors’ claims, assets contributed to the trust can only be used to pay such benefits with certain exceptions. The assets held in the trust are included in other assets and at December 31 consisted of the following:
2021 | 2020 | |||||||||||||
Corporate-owned life insurance policies | $ | 24.6 | $ | 28.5 | ||||||||||
Cash and cash equivalents | 5.8 | 5.2 | ||||||||||||
Total | $ | 30.4 | $ | 33.7 |
The assets are recorded at fair market value, except for investments in corporate-owned life insurance policies which are recorded at their cash surrender values as of each balance sheet date, which is a proxy of fair value. Changes in the cash surrender value during the period are recorded as a gain or loss within SG&A expenses in our Consolidated Statements of Operations.
NOTE 14. Segment Information
We determine segment profit by deducting the related costs and expenses from segment revenue. Segment profit includes an allocation of central expenses to the extent they support the operating activity of the segment. Segment profit excludes certain CTI restructuring initiatives, certain significant asset impairment charges, and other expenses, which are not allocated to a particular segment, if applicable. This is consistent with the manner in which we assess our performance and allocate resources.
Summarized financial information concerning our reportable segments as of December 31 is shown in the following tables:
Total Revenue | 2021 | 2020 | 2019 | |||||||||||||||||
Avon International | $ | 1,724.6 | $ | 1,772.6 | $ | 2,234.3 | ||||||||||||||
Avon Latin America (1) | 1,654.7 | 1,845.9 | 2,528.9 | |||||||||||||||||
Total revenue from reportable segments (2) | 3,379.3 | 3,618.5 | 4,763.2 | |||||||||||||||||
Revenue from affiliates to Natura &Co | 25.2 | 6.7 | — | |||||||||||||||||
Total revenue | $ | 3,404.5 | $ | 3,625.2 | $ | 4,763.2 |
Operating (Loss) Profit | 2021 | 2020 | 2019 | |||||||||||||||||
Segment Profit | ||||||||||||||||||||
Avon International | $ | 49.9 | $ | 27.4 | $ | 170.9 | ||||||||||||||
Avon Latin America (1) | (10.9) | (39.1) | 194.1 | |||||||||||||||||
Total (loss) profit from reportable segments (3) | 39.0 | (11.7) | 365.0 | |||||||||||||||||
Unallocated global expenses(4) | (27.0) | (11.6) | (35.8) | |||||||||||||||||
Certain Brazil Indirect taxes (5) | (1.7) | 10.6 | — | |||||||||||||||||
CTI restructuring initiatives | (68.7) | (23.7) | (139.3) | |||||||||||||||||
Costs related to the Transaction (6) | — | (85.8) | (64.3) | |||||||||||||||||
Operating (loss) profit | $ | (58.4) | $ | (122.2) | $ | 125.6 |
(1)2021 includes the impact of certain Brazil indirect taxes, which was recorded in product sales in the amount of approximately $21 in our Consolidated Income Statements. 2019 includes the impact of certain Brazil indirect taxes, which
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AVON PRODUCTS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
was recorded in product sales in the amount of approximately $68 in our Consolidated Income Statements. See Note 20 Supplemental Balance Sheet Information.
(2)Total revenue from reportable segments also includes revenue from other business activities of $4.7, $14.5 and $18.1 for the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019, respectively, allocated to Avon International and Avon Latin America segments. Other business activities include revenue from the sale of products to New Avon since the separation of the Company’s North America business into New Avon on March 1, 2016 and ongoing royalties from the licensing of our name and products. Previously reported amounts have been allocated to Avon International and Avon Latin America segments to conform to the current year presentation.
(3)Total profit from reportable segments also includes profit from other business activities and central expenses allocated to Avon International and Avon Latin America segments. Other business activities of $1.5, $7.3, and $2.4 for the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019, respectively, include profit from the sale of products to New Avon since the separation of the Company’s North America business into New Avon on March 1, 2016 and ongoing royalties from the licensing of our name and products. Central expenses of $206.7, $197.6, and $214.7 for the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019, respectively, include corporate general and administrative expenses allocated to Avon International and Avon Latin America to the extent they support the operating activity of the segment. Previously reported amounts have been allocated to segments to conform to the current year presentation.
(4)For the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019, unallocated global expenses primarily include stewardship and other expenses not directly attributable to reportable segments.
(5)The year ended December 31, 2021 includes the impact of certain Brazil taxes, which were recorded in selling, general and administrative expenses, net in the amounts of approximately $2. The year ended December 31, 2020 includes the impact of certain Brazil indirect taxes, which were recorded in selling, general and administrative expenses, net in the amounts of approximately $11.
(6)For the year ended December 31, 2020, costs related to the Transaction primarily include professional fees of approximately $46, severance payments of approximately $25 and acceleration of share based compensation of approximately $10 relating to these terminations triggered by change in control provisions. For the year ended 31 December 2019, costs related to the Transaction primarily include professional fees and impairment losses on assets. Refer to Note 21, Merger with Natura Cosméticos S.A. for more information relating to the Natura transaction.
(7)On July 1, 2021, the Company sold Avon Luxembourg, including our Mexican business, to a subsidiary of Natura &Co Holding. As a result, from the same date, the results of Avon Luxembourg are no longer included within Avon's consolidated results. The year ended December 31, 2021 includes the results of Avon Luxembourg for the period from January 1 to June 30, 2021. The years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019 include the results of Avon Luxembourg.
Total Assets | 2021 | 2020 | 2019 | |||||||||||||||||
Avon International (1) | $ | 1,362.0 | $ | 1,364.4 | $ | 1,712.4 | ||||||||||||||
Avon Latin America (2) | 945.8 | 1,199.9 | 1,373.9 | |||||||||||||||||
Total assets | $ | 2,307.8 | $ | 2,564.3 | $ | 3,086.3 |
(1) Avon International includes assets of $420.7 at December 31, 2019, that were not previously allocated to our reportable segments.
(2) On July 1, 2021, the Company sold Avon Luxembourg, including our Mexican business, to a subsidiary of Natura &Co Holding. As a result, balances at December 31, 2021 do not include the assets of Avon Luxembourg. Balances at December 31, 2020 and 2019 include the assets of Avon Luxembourg.
Capital Expenditures | 2021 | 2020 | 2019 | |||||||||||||||||
Avon International (1) | $ | 53.3 | $ | 36.0 | $ | 39.6 | ||||||||||||||
Avon Latin America (2) | 15.0 | 8.6 | 18.9 | |||||||||||||||||
Total capital expenditures | $ | 68.3 | $ | 44.6 | $ | 58.5 |
(1) Avon International includes capital expenditures of $13.8 for the year ended December 31, 2019, that were not previously allocated to our reportable segments.
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AVON PRODUCTS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(2) On July 1, 2021, the Company sold Avon Luxembourg, including our Mexican business, to a subsidiary of Natura &Co Holding. As a result, from the same date, the results of Avon Luxembourg are no longer included within Avon's consolidated results. The year ended December 31, 2021 includes the results of Avon Luxembourg for the period from January 1 to June 30, 2021. The years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019 include the results of Avon Luxembourg.
Depreciation and Amortization | 2021 | 2020 | 2019 | |||||||||||||||||
Avon International (1) | $ | 48.1 | $ | 49.5 | $ | 51.6 | ||||||||||||||
Avon Latin America (2) | 24.7 | 32.3 | 41.3 | |||||||||||||||||
Total depreciation and amortization | $ | 72.8 | $ | 81.8 | $ | 92.9 |
(1) Avon International includes depreciation and amortization of $19.9 for the year ended December 31, 2019 that was not previously allocated to our reportable segments.
(2) On July 1, 2021, the Company sold Avon Luxembourg, including our Mexican business, to a subsidiary of Natura &Co Holding. As a result, from the same date, the results of Avon Luxembourg are no longer included within Avon's consolidated results. The year ended December 31, 2021 includes the results of Avon Luxembourg for the period from January 1 to June 30, 2021. The years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019 include the results of Avon Luxembourg.
Total Revenue by Major Country
A major country is defined as one with total revenues greater than 10% of consolidated total revenues.
2021 | 2020 | 2019 | ||||||||||||||||||
Brazil | $ | 627.0 | $ | 729.9 | $ | 1,034.4 | ||||||||||||||
Mexico(1) | 249.2 | 420.2 | 509.4 | |||||||||||||||||
All other | 2,528.3 | 2,475.1 | 3,219.4 | |||||||||||||||||
Total | $ | 3,404.5 | $ | 3,625.2 | $ | 4,763.2 |
(1) On July 1, 2021, the Company sold Avon Luxembourg, including our Mexican business, to a subsidiary of Natura &Co Holding. As a result, from the same date, the results of Avon Luxembourg are no longer included within Avon's consolidated results. The year ended December 31, 2021 includes the results of Avon Luxembourg for the period from January 1 to June 30, 2021. The years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019 include the results of Avon Luxembourg.
Long-Lived Assets by Major Country
A major country is defined as one with long-lived assets greater than 10% of consolidated long-lived assets, and also includes our country of domicile (the U.S.). Long-lived assets primarily include property, plant and equipment associated with our continuing operations. Long-lived assets in Brazil, Poland and Mexico consist primarily of property, plant and equipment related to manufacturing and distribution facilities, long-lived assets in the U.S. consist primarily of property, plant and equipment, including our global research and development facility and right-of-use assets related to equipment.
2021 | 2020 | 2019 | ||||||||||||||||||
U.S. | $ | 122.7 | $ | 135.3 | $ | 149.4 | ||||||||||||||
Brazil | 75.4 | 86.4 | 116.1 | |||||||||||||||||
Poland | 95.0 | 96.8 | 99.3 | |||||||||||||||||
Mexico(1)(2) | — | 55.2 | 67.8 | |||||||||||||||||
All other | 183.9 | 220.8 | 137.6 | |||||||||||||||||
Total | $ | 477.0 | $ | 594.5 | $ | 570.2 |
(1) Mexico's long-lived assets are greater than 10% of total long-lived assets in 2019 only
(2) On July 1, 2021, the Company sold Avon Luxembourg, including our Mexican business, to a subsidiary of Natura &Co Holding. As a result, balances at December 31, 2021 do not include the assets of Avon Luxembourg. Balances at December 31, 2020 and 2019 include the assets of Avon Luxembourg.
In the above table, long lived assets have been calculated by including property, plant and equipment, net and right-of-use assets which are difficult to move and are relatively illiquid. In 2019, our definition of long lived assets also included certain intangible assets and other long term receivables and excluded right-of use assets which resulted in the following disclosure in previous filings.
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AVON PRODUCTS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
2019 | ||||||||||||||
Brazil | $ | 203.3 | ||||||||||||
U.S. | 120.8 | |||||||||||||
Poland | 86.3 | |||||||||||||
All other | 335.6 | |||||||||||||
Total | 746.0 |
NOTE 15. Leases and Commitments
In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-02, Leases, which requires all assets and liabilities arising from leases to be recognized in our Consolidated Balance Sheets. We adopted this new accounting guidance effective January 1, 2019.
We have operating and finance leases for corporate and market offices, warehouses, automotive and other equipment. Some of our leases may include options to extend or terminate the lease. Certain leases also include options to purchase the leased property. The depreciable life of assets and leasehold improvements are limited by the expected lease term, unless there is a transfer of title or purchase option reasonably certain of exercise.
Classification | 2021 | 2020 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Assets | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Operating right-of-use assets | Right-of-use asset | $ | 111.1 | $ | 153.1 | ||||||||||||||||||
Finance right-of-use assets | Property, Plant and Equipment | 2.2 | 2.4 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Total right-of-use assets | 113.3 | 155.5 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Liabilities | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Current | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Operating lease liabilities | Other accrued liabilities | $ | 37.1 | $ | 46.2 | ||||||||||||||||||
Finance lease liabilities | Other accrued liabilities | 1.2 | 1.1 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Total current lease liabilities | 38.3 | 47.3 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Noncurrent | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Operating lease liabilities | Long-term operating lease liability | $ | 87.5 | $ | 120.9 | ||||||||||||||||||
Finance lease liabilities | Long-term debt | 1.3 | 1.5 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Total noncurrent lease liabilities | $ | 88.8 | $ | 122.4 | |||||||||||||||||||
Total lease liability | $ | 127.1 | $ | 169.7 |
The table below shows the lease income and expenses recorded in the Consolidated Statement of Operations incurred during the years ended December 31:
Lease Costs | Classification | 2021 | 2020 | |||||||||||||||||
Operating lease cost (1) | Selling, general and administrative expenses | $ | 51.7 | $ | 63.6 | |||||||||||||||
Finance lease cost | ||||||||||||||||||||
Amortization of right-of-use assets | Selling, general and administrative expenses | 1.3 | 1.2 | |||||||||||||||||
Interest on lease liabilities | Interest Expense | .2 | .3 | |||||||||||||||||
Short-term leases costs | Selling, general and administrative expenses | 11.0 | 2.3 | |||||||||||||||||
Sublease income (2) | Selling, general and administrative expenses | (14.5) | (15.3) | |||||||||||||||||
Net lease cost | $ | 49.7 | $ | 52.1 |
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AVON PRODUCTS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(1) Includes variable lease costs which are immaterial. These are presented in selling, general and administrative expenses in our Consolidated Statements of Operations.
(2) Sublease portfolio consists of the sublease of our previous principal executive office located at 777 Third Avenue, New York, NY.
The maturity analysis of the finance and operating lease liabilities is reflected below. This table also reflects the reconciliation of the undiscounted cash flows to the discounted finance and operating lease liabilities as recognized in the December 31, 2021 Consolidated Balance Sheet:
Maturity of Lease Liabilities | Operating Leases | Finance Leases | Total | |||||||||||||||||
2022 | 45.7 | 1.3 | 47.0 | |||||||||||||||||
2023 | 36.3 | .8 | 37.1 | |||||||||||||||||
2024 | 26.7 | .3 | 27.0 | |||||||||||||||||
2025 | 22.0 | .2 | 22.2 | |||||||||||||||||
2026 | 12.2 | .1 | 12.3 | |||||||||||||||||
Thereafter | 5.1 | — | 5.1 | |||||||||||||||||
Total lease payments | $ | 148.0 | $ | 2.7 | $ | 150.7 | ||||||||||||||
Less: Interest | 23.4 | .2 | 23.6 | |||||||||||||||||
Present value of lease liabilities | $ | 124.6 | $ | 2.5 | $ | 127.1 |
The Company has calculated the weighted-average remaining lease term, presented in years below, and the weighted-average discount rate for our operating and finance lease population. As noted in our lease accounting policy (See Note 1, Description of the Business and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies), the Company uses the incremental borrowing rate as the lease discount rate.
Lease Term and Discount Rate | 2021 | 2020 | ||||||||||||
Weighted-average remaining lease term (years) | ||||||||||||||
Operating leases | 4.0 | 4.2 | ||||||||||||
Finance leases | 2.7 | 2.5 | ||||||||||||
Weighted-average discount rate | ||||||||||||||
Operating leases | 8.3 | % | 8.5 | % | ||||||||||
Finance leases | 9.6 | % | 10.5 | % |
The table below sets out the classification of lease payments in the Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows. The ROU assets obtained in exchange for new finance and operating lease liabilities represent the new operating and finance leases entered into during the years ended December 31.
Other Information | 2021 | 2020 | ||||||||||||
Operating Cash Flows From Operating Leases | $ | 54.0 | $ | 63.7 | ||||||||||
Operating Cash Flows From Finance Leases | .2 | .3 | ||||||||||||
Financing Cash Flows From Finance Leases | 1.3 | 1.3 | ||||||||||||
Cash Paid For Amounts Included In Measurement of Liabilities | $ | 55.5 | $ | 65.3 | ||||||||||
Right-of-use Assets Obtained In Exchange For New Finance Liabilities | $ | 1.4 | $ | .9 | ||||||||||
Right-of-use Assets Obtained In Exchange For New Operating Liabilities | $ | 8.8 | $ | 24.9 |
Purchase obligations include commitments to purchase paper, inventory and other services. At December 31, 2021, our purchase obligations by due date were as follows:
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AVON PRODUCTS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
Year | Purchase Obligations | |||||||
2022 | $ | 159.2 | ||||||
2023 | 51.8 | |||||||
2024 | 21.9 | |||||||
2025 | 1.7 | |||||||
2026 | 1.7 | |||||||
Later years | 1.9 | |||||||
Total | $ | 238.2 |
NOTE 16. Restructuring Initiatives
Transformation Plan and Open Up Avon
Natura &Co - Avon Integration
Subsequent to the merger of Natura and Avon in January 2020, an integration plan (the "Avon Integration") was established to create the right global infrastructure to support the future ambitions of the Natura &Co Group while also identifying synergies and opportunities to leverage our combined strength, scale and reach. Synergies will be derived mainly from procurement, manufacturing/distribution and administrative, as well as top line synergies, primarily between Avon LATAM and Natura &Co Latin America.
Open Up Avon, Open Up & Grow and Transformation Plan
In January 2016, we initiated a transformation plan (the "Transformation Plan"), in order to enable us to achieve our long-term goals of mid-single-digit Constant $ revenue growth and low double-digit operating margin. There are no further restructuring actions to be taken associated with our Transformation Plan as, beginning in the third quarter of 2018, all new restructuring actions approved operate under our new Open Up Avon plan described below.
In September 2018, we initiated a new strategy in order to return Avon to growth ("Open Up Avon"). The Open Up Avon strategy is integral to our ability to return Avon to growth, built around the necessity of incorporating new approaches to various elements of our business, including increased utilization of third-party providers in manufacturing and technology, a more fit for purpose asset base, and a focus on enabling our Representatives to more easily interact with the company and achieve relevant earnings. These savings have been and are expected to continue to be achieved through restructuring actions (that have may continue to result in charges related to severance, contract terminations and inventory and other asset write-offs), as well as other cost-savings strategies that would not result in restructuring charges. In January 2019, we announced significant advancements in this strategy, including a structural reset of inventory processes and a reduction in global workforce.
In May 2020, the new leadership of Avon International refreshed our strategy ("Open Up & Grow") which aims to return Avon International to growth over the next three years. Open Up & Grow replaces and builds on the success of the Open Up Avon strategy, launched in 2018 to strengthen competitiveness through enhancing the representative experience, improving brand position and relevance, accelerating digital expansion and improving costs. Over the next three years, savings are expected to continue to be achieved through restructuring actions (that may continue to result in charges related to severance, contract terminations and asset write-offs), as well as other cost-savings strategies that would not result in restructuring charges.
Costs to Implement Restructuring Initiatives - Twelve Months Ended December 31, 2021 , 2020 and 2019
During the twelve months ended December 31, 2021, we recorded net costs to implement of $58.8, of which $15.4 related to Avon Integration, $44.0 related to Open Up & Grow, and a net benefit of $0.6 related to the Transformation Plan and other restructuring initiatives, in our Consolidated Statements of Operations. During the twelve months ended December 31, 2020, we recorded costs to implement of $22.2 of which $16.1 related to Avon Integration, $10.9 related to Open Up Avon, and a net benefit of $4.8 related to the Transformation Plan and other restructuring initiatives, in our Consolidated Statements of Operations. During the twelve months ended December 31, 2019, we recorded costs to implement of $116.7 of which $106.6 related to Open Up Avon, and $9.4 related to the Transformation Plan and other restructuring initiatives.
The costs during the twelve months ended December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019 consisted of the following:
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AVON PRODUCTS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
Year ended December 31, | ||||||||||||||||||||
2021 | 2020 | 2019 | ||||||||||||||||||
CTI recorded in operating profit - COGS | ||||||||||||||||||||
Manufacturing asset write-offs | $ | — | $ | — | $ | 11.1 | ||||||||||||||
Inventory write-off | — | (1.8) | 1.4 | |||||||||||||||||
— | (1.8) | 12.5 | ||||||||||||||||||
CTI recorded in operating profit - SG&A | ||||||||||||||||||||
Net charges for employee-related costs, including severance benefits | 36.7 | 5.2 | 56.4 | |||||||||||||||||
Implementation costs, primarily related to professional service fees | 17.5 | 10.3 | 44.9 | |||||||||||||||||
Dual running costs | 1.1 | 3.1 | 9.1 | |||||||||||||||||
Contract termination and other net costs | 10.5 | 3.9 | 7.9 | |||||||||||||||||
Impairment of other assets | 1.0 | .8 | 5.3 | |||||||||||||||||
Accelerated depreciation | .3 | .4 | 1.3 | |||||||||||||||||
Variable lease charges | 1.6 | 1.8 | 1.9 | |||||||||||||||||
Foreign Currency Translation Adjustment Write-offs | — | — | .7 | |||||||||||||||||
68.7 | 25.5 | 127.5 | ||||||||||||||||||
CTI recorded in operating profit | 68.7 | 23.7 | 140.0 | |||||||||||||||||
CTI recorded in other (income) expense | ||||||||||||||||||||
Gain on sale of business / assets | (9.9) | (1.5) | (23.3) | |||||||||||||||||
Total CTI | $ | 58.8 | $ | 22.2 | $ | 116.7 | ||||||||||||||
Avon Integration | $ | 15.4 | $ | 16.1 | $ | — | ||||||||||||||
Open Up & Grow | $ | 44.0 | $ | 10.9 | $ | 106.6 | ||||||||||||||
Transformation Plan & Other | $ | (.6) | $ | (4.8) | $ | 9.4 |
The tables below include restructuring costs such as employee-related costs, inventory and asset write-offs, foreign currency translation write-offs and contract terminations, and do not include other costs to implement restructuring initiatives such as professional services fees, dual running costs, accelerated depreciation and gain on sale of business.
The liability balance included in other accrued liabilities in our Consolidated Balance Sheet for the restructuring actions associated with Avon Integration at December 31, 2021 and 2020 is $1.6 and $.7, respectively, related to employee related costs.
The liability balance included in other accrued liabilities in our Consolidated Balance Sheet for the restructuring actions associated with Open Up & Grow at December 31, 2021 is as follows:
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AVON PRODUCTS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
Employee-Related Costs | Inventory/ Asset Write-offs | Contract Terminations/Other | Total | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Balance at December 31, 2019 | $ | 17.8 | $ | — | $ | 6.4 | $ | 24.2 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
2020 charges | 2.7 | .7 | 3.8 | 7.2 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Adjustments | (3.0) | (1.8) | — | (4.8) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Cash payments | (7.8) | — | (7.4) | (15.2) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Non-cash write-offs | — | 1.1 | — | 1.1 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Foreign exchange | (.7) | — | — | (.7) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Balance at December 31, 2020 | $ | 9.0 | $ | — | $ | 2.8 | $ | 11.8 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
2021 charges | 33.8 | 1.0 | 3.4 | 38.2 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Adjustments | (1.3) | — | — | (1.3) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Cash payments | (26.8) | — | (5.0) | (31.8) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Non-cash write-offs | — | (1.0) | — | (1.0) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Foreign exchange | (.7) | — | — | (.7) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Balance at December 31, 2021 | $ | 14.0 | $ | — | $ | 1.2 | $ | 15.2 |
The liability balance included in other accrued liabilities in our Consolidated Balance Sheet for the restructuring actions associated with our Transformation Plan at December 31, 2021 and 2020 is $1.5 and $3.5, respectively, related to employee related costs.
The majority of cash payments, if applicable, associated with the year-end liability are expected to be made during 2022.
The following table presents the restructuring charges incurred to date, under the Avon Integration , Open Up & Grow and the Transformation Plan, along with the estimated charges expected to be incurred on approved initiatives under the plans:
Employee- Related Costs | Inventory/ Asset Write-offs | Contract Terminations/Other | Foreign Currency Translation Adjustment Write-offs | Total | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Avon Integration | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Charges incurred to-date | $ | 12.4 | 0 | $ | .2 | 0 | $ | 12.6 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Estimated charges to be incurred on approved initiatives | — | — | — | — | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total expected charges on approved initiatives | $ | 12.4 | $ | — | $ | .2 | $ | — | $ | 12.6 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Open Up & Grow | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Charges incurred to-date | $ | 115.8 | $ | 107.4 | $ | 15.9 | $ | (10.9) | $ | 228.2 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Estimated charges to be incurred on approved initiatives | $ | .3 | — | — | — | $ | .3 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total expected charges on approved initiatives | $ | 116.1 | $ | 107.4 | $ | 15.9 | $ | (10.9) | $ | 228.5 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Transformation Plan | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Charges incurred to-date | $ | 122.7 | $ | 2.5 | $ | 40.9 | $ | 3.4 | $ | 169.5 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Estimated charges to be incurred on approved initiatives | — | — | — | — | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total expected charges on approved initiatives | $ | 122.7 | $ | 2.5 | $ | 40.9 | $ | 3.4 | $ | 169.5 |
The charges, net of adjustments, of initiatives under the Open Up & Grow and the Transformation Plan, along with the estimated charges expected to be incurred on approved initiatives under the plans, by reportable segment are as follows:
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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
Avon International | Avon LATAM | Total | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Avon Integration | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2020 | 6.2 | 4.6 | $ | 10.8 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2021 | (1.2) | 3.0 | $ | 1.8 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Charges incurred to-date | 5.0 | 7.6 | 12.6 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Estimated charges to be incurred on approved initiatives | — | — | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total expected charges on approved initiatives | $ | 5.0 | $ | 7.6 | $ | 12.6 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Open Up & Grow | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2018 | 52.8 | 64.3 | $ | 117.1 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2019 | 34.7 | 36.9 | 71.6 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2020 | 3.2 | (.8) | 2.4 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2021 | 36.9 | .2 | 37.1 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Charges incurred to-date | 127.6 | 100.6 | 228.2 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Estimated charges to be incurred on approved initiatives | .3 | — | .3 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total expected charges on approved initiatives | $ | 127.9 | $ | 100.6 | $ | 228.5 |
The charges above are not included in segment profit, as this excludes costs to implement restructuring initiatives. The amounts shown in the tables above as charges recorded to-date relate to initiatives that have been approved and recorded in the consolidated financial statements, as the costs are probable and estimable. The amounts shown in the tables above as total expected charges on approved initiatives represent charges recorded to-date plus charges yet to be recorded for approved initiatives as the relevant accounting criteria for recording an expense have not yet been met.
NOTE 17. Series C Convertible Preferred Stock
On March 1, 2016, the Company issued and sold to Cerberus Investor 435,000 shares of newly issued series C preferred stock for an aggregate purchase price of $435 pursuant to an Investment Agreement, dated as of December 17, 2015, between the Company and Cerberus Investor. In connection with the issuance of the series C preferred stock, the Company incurred direct and incremental expenses of $8.7, comprised of financial advisory fees and legal expenses, which reduced the carrying value of the series C preferred stock. Cumulative preferred dividends accrue daily on the series C preferred stock at a rate of 1.25% per quarter. The series C preferred stock had accrued unpaid dividends of $91.3 at December 31, 2019.
On December 19, 2019, the Company and Natura &Co Holding announced that as of such date, all regulatory approvals required by the Merger Agreement to complete the Transactions have been obtained. As a result, the series C preferred stock were probable of becoming redeemable and the redemption value was adjusted. Subsequently, on December 30, 2019, Cerberus elected to convert the series C preferred stock, as described below, and the series C preferred stock was no longer probable of becoming redeemable. We recognize changes in redemption value immediately as they occur and the carrying value of the security is adjusted to equal what the redemption amount would be as if redemption were to occur at the end of the reporting date based on the conditions that exist as of that date. As a result, we recognized an increase of $60.9 in the carrying value of the series C preferred stock for the year ended December 31, 2019.
On December 30, 2019, Cerberus elected to convert 435,000 shares of series C preferred stock, representing all shares of series C preferred stock outstanding, into shares of the Company’s common stock, par value U.S.$0.25 per share, pursuant to the holder of the Company’s Series C Preferred Stock’s rights under the Company’s certificate of incorporation. The foregoing election is conditioned upon the filing of the certificates of merger with respect to the First Merger (the "Conversion Condition").
On January 3, 2020, the Company consummated a transaction to become a wholly owned subsidiary of Natura &Co Holding. Upon consummation of the transaction, the Company's common stock was converted to Natura &Co Holding common stock. Natura &Co Holding subsequently paid the accrued dividend of $91.5 to Cerberus in January 2020. See Note 21, Agreement and Plan of Mergers with Natura Cosméticos S.A.,.
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AVON PRODUCTS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
NOTE 18. Contingencies
Brazilian Tax Assessments
Tax on Manufactured Products – minimum pricing rules
In December 2012 and in October 2017, our Brazilian subsidiary, Avon Industrial LTDA (Avon Brazil Manufacturing) received excise tax ("IPI") assessments for the years 2008 and 2014.
As in prior IPI cases that have been resolved in Avon’s favor, the assessments assert that the establishment in 1995 of separate manufacturing and distribution companies in Brazil was done without a valid business purpose, and that Avon Brazil Manufacturing did not observe minimum pricing rules to define the taxable basis of the tax on manufactured products. The structure adopted in 1995 is comparable to that used by many other companies in Brazil. We believe that our Brazilian corporate structure is appropriate, both operationally and legally, and that the assessments are unfounded.
These matters are being contested at the administrative level, where proceedings are currently in progress. As of December 31, 2021 and 2020, the total amount under discussion classified as reasonably possible was $360 and $378, respectively.
Tax on Manufactured Products – Decree equated certain commercial companies (not subject to IPI taxation) to industrial companies (IPI taxpayers)
In May 2015, an executive decree established the levy of IPI on the sales of cosmetic products by Avon Brazil. Avon Brazil filed an objection to this levy on the basis that it is not constitutional since this tax is already paid by Avon Brazil Manufacturing. In December 2016, Avon Brazil received a favorable decision from the Federal District Court regarding this objection. This decision has been appealed by the Brazilian federal tax authority. At December 31, 2021 and 2020, the total amount under discussion classified as reasonably possible was $243 and $231, respectively.
Brazilian Financial Indemnities
As of December 31, 2021 and 2020, the Company has issued a number of guarantees totaling $157 and $185, respectively, which it could be required to make in the event of adverse judgments in a number of lawsuits in Brazil.
Talc-Related Litigation
The Company has been named a defendant in numerous personal injury lawsuits filed in U.S. courts, alleging that certain talc products the Company sold in the past were contaminated with asbestos. Many of these actions involve a number of co-defendants from a variety of different industries, including manufacturers of cosmetics and manufacturers of other products that, unlike the Company’s products, were designed to contain asbestos. As of December 31, 2021, there were 151 individual cases pending against the Company. During the three months ended December 31, 2021, 19 new cases were filed and 20 cases were dismissed, settled or otherwise resolved. The value of the settlements was not material, either individually or in the aggregate, to the Company’s results of operations for the year ended December 31, 2021. Additional similar cases arising out of the use of the Company’s talc products are reasonably anticipated.
We believe that the claims asserted against us in these cases are without merit. We are defending vigorously against these claims and will continue to do so. To date there have been no findings of liability enforceable against the Company. However, nationwide trial results in similar cases filed against other manufacturers of cosmetic talc products have ranged from outright dismissals to very large jury awards of both compensatory and punitive damages. Given the inherent uncertainties of litigation, we cannot predict the outcome of all individual cases pending against the Company, and we are only able to make a specific estimate for a small number of individual cases that have advanced to the later stages of legal proceedings. For the remaining cases, we provide an estimate of exposure on an aggregated and ongoing basis, which takes into account the historical outcomes of all cases we have resolved to date. Any accruals currently recorded on the Company’s balance sheet with respect to these cases are not material. However, any adverse outcomes, either in an individual case or in the aggregate, could be material. Future costs to litigate these cases, which we expense as incurred, are not known but may be significant, though some costs will be covered by insurance.
Brazilian Labor-Related Litigation
On an ongoing basis, the Company is subject to numerous and diverse labor-related lawsuits filed by employees in Brazil. These cases are assessed on an aggregated and ongoing basis based on historical outcomes of similar cases. The claims made are often for significantly larger sums than have historically been paid out by the Company. Our practice continues to be to recognize a liability based on our assessment of historical payments in similar cases. Our best estimate of the probable loss for such cases at December 31, 2021 and 2020 was approximately $11 and $8, respectively. Accordingly, we have recognized a liability for this amount.
Shareholder Litigation
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AVON PRODUCTS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
On February 14, 2019, a purported shareholder’s class action complaint (Bevinal v. Avon Products, Inc., et al., No. 19-cv-1420) was filed in the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York against the Company and certain former officers of the Company. The complaint was subsequently amended and recaptioned "In re Avon Products, Inc. Securities Litigation". The amended complaint is brought on behalf of a purported class consisting of all purchasers or acquirers of Avon common stock between January 21, 2016 and November 1, 2017, inclusive. The complaint asserts violations of sections 10(b) and 20(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (the "Exchange Act") based on allegedly false or misleading statements and alleged market manipulation with respect to, among other things, changes made to Avon’s credit terms for Representatives in Brazil. Avon and the individual defendants filed a motion to dismiss which the court denied. During 2020, the parties reached an agreement on a settlement of this class action. The terms of settlement include releases by members of the class of claims against the Company and the individual defendants and payment of $14.5 million. Approximately $2 million of the settlement was paid by the Company (which represented the remaining deductible under the Company’s applicable insurance policies) and the remainder of the settlement was paid by the Company’s insurers. On August 31, 2020, the court granted preliminary approval of the settlement, and on February 3, 2021, the court entered an order and judgment granting final approval of the settlement. This judgment is now final.
Other Matters
Various other lawsuits and claims, arising in the ordinary course of business or related to businesses previously sold, are pending or threatened against Avon. In management’s opinion, based on its review of the information available at this time, the total cost of resolving such other contingencies at December 31, 2021, is not expected to have a material adverse effect on our consolidated financial position, results of operations or cash flows.
NOTE 19. Goodwill
Goodwill
Avon International | Avon LATAM | Total | |||||||||||||||
Gross balance at December 31, 2020 | $ | 109.3 | $ | 63.2 | $ | 172.5 | |||||||||||
Accumulated impairments | (89.3) | — | (89.3) | ||||||||||||||
Net balance at December 31, 2020 | $ | 20.0 | $ | 63.2 | $ | 83.2 | |||||||||||
Changes during the period ended December 31, 2021: | |||||||||||||||||
Foreign exchange | (2.4) | (8.7) | (11.1) | ||||||||||||||
Gross balance at December 31, 2021 | $ | 106.9 | $ | 54.5 | $ | 161.4 | |||||||||||
Accumulated impairments | (89.3) | — | (89.3) | ||||||||||||||
Net balance at December 31, 2021 | $ | 17.6 | $ | 54.5 | $ | 72.1 |
NOTE 20. Supplemental Balance Sheet Information
At December 31, 2021 and 2020, prepaid expenses and other included the following:
Components of Prepaid expenses and other | 2021 | 2020 | ||||||||||||
Prepaid taxes and tax refunds receivable | $ | 84.0 | $ | 117.6 | ||||||||||
Receivables other than trade | 27.8 | 34.9 | ||||||||||||
Prepaid brochure costs, paper and other literature | 8.3 | 12.0 | ||||||||||||
Other | 45.5 | 39.7 | ||||||||||||
Prepaid expenses and other | $ | 165.6 | $ | 204.2 |
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AVON PRODUCTS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
At December 31, 2021 and 2020, other assets included the following:
Components of Other assets | 2021 | 2020 | ||||||||||||
Capitalized software (Note 1) | 74.9 | 76.0 | ||||||||||||
Judicial deposits | 47.2 | 50.9 | ||||||||||||
Net overfunded pension plans (Note 13) | 162.5 | 103.0 | ||||||||||||
Long-term receivables including taxes | 180.2 | 157.0 | ||||||||||||
Trust assets associated with supplemental benefit plans (Note 13) | 30.4 | 33.7 | ||||||||||||
Other | 14.2 | 17.9 | ||||||||||||
Other assets | $ | 509.4 | $ | 438.5 |
Prepaid taxes and tax refunds receivable and long-term receivables include approximately $128 and $112 related to certain Brazil indirect taxes as of December 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively. During the second quarter of 2021, the Brazilian Supreme Federal Court ruled on a motion of clarification that supported the recognition of additional receivable balances related to certain Brazil indirect taxes. As of December 31, 2021, we have recorded our best estimate of the receivable of $24 and will continue to assess the impacts of the ruling.
NOTE 21. Merger with Natura Cosméticos S.A.,
On May 22, 2019, the Company entered into the Agreement and Plan of Mergers (as amended by Amendment Number One to
Agreement and Plant of Mergers, dated as of October 3, 2019, and as further amended by Amendment Number Two to
Agreement and Plan of Mergers, dated as of November 5, 2019, the "Merger Agreement") among the Company, Natura Cosméticos S.A., a Brazilian corporation (sociedade anônima) ("Natura Cosméticos"), Natura &Co Holding S.A., a Brazilian corporation (sociedade anônima), Nectarine Merger Sub I, Inc., a Delaware corporation and a direct wholly owned subsidiary of Natura &Co Holding ("Merger Sub I"), and Nectarine Merger Sub II, Inc., a Delaware corporation and a direct wholly owned subsidiary of Merger Sub I ("Merger Sub II"), pursuant to which (i) Natura &Co Holding, after the completion of certain restructuring steps, holds all issued and outstanding shares of Natura Cosméticos, (ii) Merger Sub II merged with and into the Company, with the Company surviving the merger (the "First Merger") and (iii) Merger Sub I merged with and into Natura &Co Holding (the "Second Merger"), with Natura &Co Holding surviving the merger and as a result of which the Company and Natura Cosméticos became wholly owned direct subsidiaries of Natura &Co Holding (collectively, the "Transaction").
The Transaction was consummated on January 3, 2020, and at this time, the Company became a wholly owned direct subsidiary of Natura &Co Holding. In connection with the Transaction, trading of the Company’s stock was suspended by the NYSE, and the Company’s common stock was subsequently delisted and deregistered.
On completion of the Transaction, each share of the Company’s common stock issued and outstanding immediately prior to the consummation of the Transaction was converted into the ultimate right to receive, (i) 0.300 validly issued and allotted, fully paid-up American Depositary Shares of Natura &Co Holding, ("Natura &Co Holding ADSs") against the deposit of 2 shares of common stock of Natura &Co Holding ("Natura &Co Holding Shares", subject to adjustment in accordance with the terms of the Merger Agreement, and any cash in lieu of fractional Natura &Co Holding ADSs or (ii) 0.600 validly issued and allotted, fully paid-up Natura &Co Holding Shares, subject to adjustment in accordance with the terms of the Merger Agreement, and any cash in lieu of fractional Natura &Co Holding Shares. The Company’s Series C Preferred Stock held by Cerberus Investor were converted to common stock prior to consummation of the Transaction and were therefore automatically converted into common stock of Natura &Co; see Note 17, Series C Convertible Preferred Stock.
Natura &Co Holding Shares are listed on the B3 S.A. - Brasil, Bolsa, Balcão stock exchange, and Natura &Co Holding ADSs are listed on the NYSE. Additionally, upon the consummation of the Transaction, Avon common stock ceased to be traded on the NYSE.
In January 2020, subsequent to the Transaction, the Company restated the certificate of incorporation. The certificate of incorporation was restated to effect a change in capitalization of the Company by changing the number of authorized shares of stock from 1,525,000,000 shares (of which (i) 1,500,000,000 shares, par value $0.25 per share, are common stock and (ii) 25,000,000 shares, par value $1.00 per share, are preferred stock) to 1,000 shares of common stock, par value $0.01 per share. As a result, all of the issued and outstanding common stock of the Company, being 550,890,788 were canceled and converted into 101.34 common stock, par value $0.01 per share, and all outstanding treasury shares were canceled.
The Company incurred costs of $46 and $44 in relation to the Transaction, primarily professional fees during the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively.
During January 2020, it was announced that the employment of certain senior officers of the Company would be terminated, in connection with the Transaction. The Company incurred severance of approximately $25 and acceleration of share based compensation of approximately $10 relating to these terminations triggered by change in control provisions.
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AVON PRODUCTS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
As a result of the Transaction, the Company made payments of approximately $26 related to the settlement of stock options. In addition, any remaining restricted stock units and performance restricted stock units were exchanged for awards of Natura &Co Holding. The replacement awards contain substantially the same terms and conditions of the original awards except for the removal of the performance conditions. As such, the replacement awards contain only a service vesting condition.
On consummation of the Transaction, a deferred compensation scheme relating to former employees of the Company became payable which resulted in extinguishing the liability and a cash outflow of approximately $12.
In January 2020, upon completion of the Transaction, the Company’s revolving credit facility was canceled, triggered by change in control provisions. As a result, debt issuance costs of $7.8 were written off.
As a result of the Transaction, the Company will no longer have access to certain tax attributes of approximately $546 to approximately $616 in certain taxing jurisdictions. These tax attributes had been formerly reflected as deferred tax assets which were subject to a full valuation allowance and as a result, there was no impact to net income in 2020 from the write-off of the deferred tax asset and the associated valuation allowances.
NOTE 22. Subsequent Events
On February 24, 2022, Russia launched a military invasion of Ukraine. The ongoing military conflict between Ukraine and Russia has provoked strong reactions from the United States, the UK, the EU and various other countries around the world, including the imposition of broad financial and economic sanctions against Russia.
The Company has sales operations in multiple countries including in Russia and Ukraine. While as of the date of this report there have not been any material impacts from the above mentioned matter, management is continuously monitoring the developments to assess any potential future impacts that may arise as a result of the ongoing crisis.
F-62
SCHEDULE II
AVON PRODUCTS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
VALUATION AND QUALIFYING ACCOUNTS
Years ended December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019
Additions | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
(In millions) Description | Balance at Beginning of Period | Charged to Costs and Expenses | Charged to Revenue | Deductions | Balance at End of Period | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2021 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Allowance for doubtful accounts receivable | $ | 51.1 | $ | 62.4 | $ | — | $ | (76.4) | (1) | $ | 37.1 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Refund liability | 9.1 | — | 75.9 | (80.7) | (2) | 4.3 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Allowance for inventory obsolescence | 70.4 | 26.8 | — | (42.4) | (3) | 54.8 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Deferred tax asset valuation allowance | 2,327.6 | 125.7 | — | (1,637.9) | (4) | 815.4 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2020 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Allowance for doubtful accounts receivable | $ | 66.6 | $ | 78.3 | $ | — | $ | (93.8) | (1) | $ | 51.1 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Refund liability | 10.7 | — | 101.4 | (103.0) | (2) | 9.1 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Allowance for inventory obsolescence | 82.0 | 37.9 | — | (49.5) | (3) | 70.4 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Deferred tax asset valuation allowance | 2,960.0 | (632.4) | — | — | 2,327.6 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2019 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Allowance for doubtful accounts receivable | $ | 93.0 | $ | 115.4 | $ | — | $ | (141.8) | (1) | $ | 66.6 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Refund liability | 12.3 | — | 132.6 | (134.2) | (2) | 10.7 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Allowance for inventory obsolescence | 146.1 | 37.1 | — | (101.2) | (3) | 82.0 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Deferred tax asset valuation allowance | 3,257.5 | (297.5) | — | — | 2,960.0 |
(1)Accounts written off, net of recoveries and foreign currency translation adjustment.
(2)Returned product reused or destroyed and foreign currency translation adjustment.
(3)Obsolete inventory destroyed and foreign currency translation adjustment.
(4)Deductions associated with divestiture of Luxembourg Holdings and subsidiaries.
F-63