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424B2 Filing
The Goldman Sachs Group, Inc. (GS) 424B2Prospectus for primary offering
Filed: 14 Jun 22, 4:38pm
Filed Pursuant to Rule 424(b)(2)
Registration Statement No. 333-253421
The information in this preliminary pricing supplement is not complete and may be changed. This preliminary pricing supplement is not an offer to sell nor does it seek an offer to buy these securities in any jurisdiction where the offer or sale is not permitted.
Subject to Completion. Dated June 14, 2022. GS Finance Corp. $ Underlier-Linked Notes due guaranteed by The Goldman Sachs Group, Inc. |
The notes do not bear interest. The amount that you will be paid on your notes on the stated maturity date (expected to be June 26, 2025) is based on the lesser performing of the S&P 500® Index, the Russell 2000® Value Index and the VanEck Junior Gold Miners ETF (ETF) as measured from the trade date (expected to be June 21, 2022) to and including the determination date (expected to be June 23, 2025).
The return on your notes is linked, in part, to the performance of the VanEck Junior Gold Miners ETF and not to that of the MVIS Global Junior Gold Miners Index® (index) on which the VanEck Junior Gold Miners ETF is based. The performance of the VanEck Junior Gold Miners ETF may significantly diverge from that of its index.
If the final level of each underlier on the determination date is greater than or equal to 60% of its initial level (set on the trade date), you will receive the maximum settlement amount of $1,420 for each $1,000 face amount of your notes.
If the final level of any underlier is less than 60% of its initial level, the return on your notes will be negative.
The amount that you will be paid on your notes at maturity is based on the performance of the underlier with the lowest underlier return. The underlier return for each underlier is the percentage increase or decrease in the final level of such underlier from its initial level. On the stated maturity date, for each $1,000 face amount of your notes, you will receive an amount in cash equal to:
• | if the underlier return of each underlier is greater than or equal to -40% (the final level of each underlier is greater than or equal to 60% of its initial level), the maximum settlement amount; or |
• | if the underlier return of any underlier is less than -40% (the final level of any underlier is less than 60% of its initial level), the sum of (i) $1,000 plus (ii) the product of (a) the lesser performing underlier return times (b) $1,000. You will receive less than 60% of the face amount of your notes. |
You should read the disclosure herein to better understand the terms and risks of your investment, including the credit risk of GS Finance Corp. and The Goldman Sachs Group, Inc. See page PS-12.
The estimated value of your notes at the time the terms of your notes are set on the trade date is expected to be between $925 and $955 per $1,000 face amount. For a discussion of the estimated value and the price at which Goldman Sachs & Co. LLC would initially buy or sell your notes, if it makes a market in the notes, see the following page.
Original issue date: | expected to be June 24, 2022 | Original issue price: | 100% of the face amount* |
Underwriting discount: | % of the face amount* | Net proceeds to the issuer: | % of the face amount |
* The original issue price will be % for certain investors; see “Supplemental Plan of Distribution; Conflicts of Interest” on page PS-31.
Neither the Securities and Exchange Commission nor any other regulatory body has approved or disapproved of these securities or passed upon the accuracy or adequacy of this prospectus. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense. The notes are not bank deposits and are not insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation or any other governmental agency, nor are they obligations of, or guaranteed by, a bank.
Goldman Sachs & Co. LLC
Pricing Supplement No. dated , 2022.
The issue price, underwriting discount and net proceeds listed above relate to the notes we sell initially. We may decide to sell additional notes after the date of this pricing supplement, at issue prices and with underwriting discounts and net proceeds that differ from the amounts set forth above. The return (whether positive or negative) on your investment in notes will depend in part on the issue price you pay for such notes.
GS Finance Corp. may use this prospectus in the initial sale of the notes. In addition, Goldman Sachs & Co. LLC or any other affiliate of GS Finance Corp. may use this prospectus in a market-making transaction in a note after its initial sale. Unless GS Finance Corp. or its agent informs the purchaser otherwise in the confirmation of sale, this prospectus is being used in a market-making transaction.
The estimated value of your notes at the time the terms of your notes are set on the trade date (as determined by reference to pricing models used by Goldman Sachs & Co. LLC (GS&Co.) and taking into account our credit spreads) is expected to be between $925 and $955 per $1,000 face amount, which is less than the original issue price. The value of your notes at any time will reflect many factors and cannot be predicted; however, the price (not including GS&Co.’s customary bid and ask spreads) at which GS&Co. would initially buy or sell notes (if it makes a market, which it is not obligated to do) and the value that GS&Co. will initially use for account statements and otherwise is equal to approximately the estimated value of your notes at the time of pricing, plus an additional amount (initially equal to $ per $1,000 face amount).
Prior to , the price (not including GS&Co.’s customary bid and ask spreads) at which GS&Co. would buy or sell your notes (if it makes a market, which it is not obligated to do) will equal approximately the sum of (a) the then-current estimated value of your notes (as determined by reference to GS&Co.’s pricing models) plus (b) any remaining additional amount (the additional amount will decline to zero on a straight-line basis from the time of pricing through ). On and after , the price (not including GS&Co.’s customary bid and ask spreads) at which GS&Co. would buy or sell your notes (if it makes a market) will equal approximately the then-current estimated value of your notes determined by reference to such pricing models.
About Your Prospectus
The notes are part of the Medium-Term Notes, Series F program of GS Finance Corp. and are fully and unconditionally guaranteed by The Goldman Sachs Group, Inc. This prospectus includes this pricing supplement and the accompanying documents listed below. This pricing supplement constitutes a supplement to the documents listed below, does not set forth all of the terms of your notes and therefore should be read in conjunction with such documents: •General terms supplement no. 2,913 dated June 17, 2021 •May 2022 Russell 2000® Value Index supplement dated May 25, 2022 •Underlier supplement no. 27 dated April 26, 2022 •Prospectus supplement dated March 22, 2021 •Prospectus dated March 22, 2021 The information in this pricing supplement supersedes any conflicting information in the documents listed above. In addition, some of the terms or features described in the listed documents may not apply to your notes. We refer to the notes we are offering by this pricing supplement as the “offered notes” or the “notes”. Each of the offered notes has the terms described below. Please note that in this pricing supplement, references to “GS Finance Corp.”, “we”, “our” and “us” mean only GS Finance Corp. and do not include its subsidiaries or affiliates, references to “The Goldman Sachs Group, Inc.”, our parent company, mean only The Goldman Sachs Group, Inc. and do not include its subsidiaries or affiliates and references to “Goldman Sachs” mean The Goldman Sachs Group, Inc. together with its consolidated subsidiaries and affiliates, including us. The notes will be issued under the senior debt indenture, dated as of October 10, 2008, as supplemented by the First Supplemental Indenture, dated as of February 20, 2015, each among us, as issuer, The Goldman Sachs Group, Inc., as guarantor, and The Bank of New York Mellon, as trustee. This indenture, as so supplemented and as further supplemented thereafter, is referred to as the “GSFC 2008 indenture” in the accompanying prospectus supplement. The notes will be issued in book-entry form and represented by master note no. 3, dated March 22, 2021. |
PS-2
CUSIP / ISIN: 40057MF61 / US40057MF618
Company (Issuer): GS Finance Corp.
Guarantor: The Goldman Sachs Group, Inc.
Underliers (each individually, an underlier): the S&P 500® Index (current Bloomberg symbol: “SPX Index”), or any successor underlier, the Russell 2000® Value Index (current Bloomberg symbol: “RUJ Index”), or any successor underlier, and the VanEck Junior Gold Miners ETF (current Bloomberg symbol: “GDXJ UP Equity”), or any successor underlier, as each may be modified, replaced or adjusted from time to time as provided herein
Face amount: $ in the aggregate on the original issue date; the aggregate face amount may be increased if the company, at its sole option, decides to sell an additional amount on a date subsequent to the trade date
Authorized denominations: $1,000 or any integral multiple of $1,000 in excess thereof
Principal amount: On the stated maturity date, the company will pay, for each $1,000 of the outstanding face amount, an amount, if any, in cash equal to the cash settlement amount.
Cash settlement amount:
• | if the final underlier level of each underlier is greater than or equal to its trigger buffer level, the maximum settlement amount; or |
• | if the final underlier level of any underlier is less than its trigger buffer level, the sum of (i) $1,000 plus (ii) the product of (a) $1,000 times (b) the lesser performing underlier return |
Initial underlier level (set on the trade date): with respect to an underlier, the closing level of such underlier on the trade date
Final underlier level: with respect to an underlier, the closing level of such underlier on the determination date, subject to adjustment as provided in “—Consequences of a market disruption event or non-trading day” and “— Discontinuance or modification of an underlier” below
Underlier return: with respect to an underlier, the quotient of (i) its final underlier level minus its initial underlier level divided by (ii) its initial underlier level, expressed as a percentage
Maximum settlement amount: $1,420
Lesser performing underlier return: the underlier return of the lesser performing underlier
Lesser performing underlier: the underlier with the lowest underlier return
Trigger buffer level: for each underlier, 60% of its initial underlier level
Trade date: expected to be June 21, 2022
Original issue date (set on the trade date): expected to be June 24, 2022
Determination date (set on the trade date): expected to be June 23, 2025, unless the calculation agent determines that, with respect to any underlier, a market disruption event occurs or is continuing on that day or that day is not otherwise a trading day. In the event the originally scheduled determination date is a non-trading day with respect to any underlier, the determination date will be the first day thereafter that is a trading day for all underliers (the “first qualified trading day”) provided that no market disruption event occurs or is continuing with respect to an underlier on that day. If a market disruption event with respect to an underlier occurs or is continuing on the originally scheduled determination date or the first qualified trading day, the determination date will be the first following trading day on which the calculation agent determines that each underlier has had at least one trading day (from and including the originally scheduled determination date or the first qualified trading day, as applicable) on which no market disruption event has occurred or is continuing and the closing level of each underlier will be determined on or prior to the postponed determination date as set forth under “— Consequences of a market disruption event or a non-trading day” below. (In such case, the determination date may differ from the date on which the level of an underlier is determined for the purpose of the calculations to be performed on the determination date.) In no event, however, will the determination date be postponed to a date later than the originally scheduled stated maturity date or, if the originally scheduled stated maturity date is not a business day,
PS-3
later than the first business day after the originally scheduled stated maturity date, either due to the occurrence of serial non-trading days or due to the occurrence of one or more market disruption events. On such last possible determination date, if a market disruption event occurs or is continuing with respect to an underlier that has not yet had such a trading day on which no market disruption event has occurred or is continuing or if such last possible day is not a trading day with respect to such underlier, that day will nevertheless be the determination date.
Stated maturity date (set on the trade date): expected to be June 26, 2025, unless that day is not a business day, in which case the stated maturity date will be postponed to the next following business day. The stated maturity date will also be postponed if the determination date is postponed as described under “— Determination date” above. In such a case, the stated maturity date will be postponed by the same number of business day(s) from but excluding the originally scheduled determination date to and including the actual determination date.
Closing level: on any trading day, (i) with respect to the S&P 500® Index, the official closing level of such underlier or any successor underlier published by the underlier sponsor on such trading day for such underlier, (ii) with respect to the Russell 2000® Value Index, the closing level of such underlier or any successor underlier reported by Bloomberg Financial Services, or any successor reporting service the company may select, on such trading day for that underlier (as of the trade date, whereas the underlier sponsor publishes the official closing level of the Russell 2000® Value Index to six decimal places, Bloomberg Financial Services reports the closing level to fewer decimal places) and (iii) with respect to the VanEck Junior Gold Miners ETF, the closing sale price or last reported sale price, regular way, for such underlier, on a per-share or other unit basis:
• | on the principal national securities exchange on which that underlier is listed for trading on that day, or |
• | if such underlier is not listed on any national securities exchange on that day, on any other U.S. national market system that is the primary market for the trading of such underlier. |
If the VanEck Junior Gold Miners ETF is not listed or traded as described above, then the closing level for such underlier on any day will be the average, as determined by the calculation agent, of the bid prices for such underlier obtained from as many dealers in such underlier selected by the calculation agent as will make those bid prices available to the calculation agent. The number of dealers need not exceed three and may include the calculation agent or any of its or the company’s affiliates.
The closing level of the VanEck Junior Gold Miners ETF is subject to adjustment as described under “— Anti-dilution adjustments” below.
Trading day: (i) with respect to the S&P 500® Index or the Russell 2000® Value Index, a day on which the respective principal securities markets for all of its underlier stocks are open for trading, the underlier sponsor is open for business and such underlier is calculated and published by the underlier sponsor and (ii) with respect to the VanEck Junior Gold Miners ETF, a day on which (a) the exchange on which such underlier has its primary listing is open for trading and (b) the price of one share of such underlier is quoted by the exchange on which such underlier has its primary listing.
Successor underlier: with respect to an underlier, any substitute underlier approved by the calculation agent as a successor as provided under “— Discontinuance or modification of an underlier” below
Underlier sponsor: with respect to the S&P 500® Index or the Russell 2000® Value Index, at any time, the person or entity, including any successor sponsor, that determines and publishes such underlier as then in effect. The notes are not sponsored, endorsed, sold or promoted by any underlier sponsor or any affiliate thereof and no underlier sponsor or affiliate thereof makes any representation regarding the advisability of investing in the notes.
ETF investment advisor: with respect to the VanEck Junior Gold Miners ETF, at any time, the person or entity, including any successor investment advisor or trustee, as applicable, that serves as an investment advisor or trustee to such underlier as then in effect
Underlier stocks: with respect to an underlier, at any time, the stocks that comprise such underlier as then in effect, after giving effect to any additions, deletions or substitutions
Market disruption event: (i) With respect to the S&P 500® Index or the Russell 2000® Value Index on any given trading day, any of the following will be a market disruption event:
● | a suspension, absence or material limitation of trading in underlier stocks constituting 20% or more, by weight, of such underlier on their respective primary markets, in each case for more than two consecutive |
PS-4
hours of trading or during the one-half hour before the close of trading in that market, as determined by the calculation agent in its sole discretion, |
● | a suspension, absence or material limitation of trading in option or futures contracts relating to such underlier or to underlier stocks constituting 20% or more, by weight, of such underlier in the respective primary markets for those contracts, in each case for more than two consecutive hours of trading or during the one-half hour before the close of trading in that market, as determined by the calculation agent in its sole discretion, or |
● | underlier stocks constituting 20% or more, by weight, of such underlier, or option or futures contracts, if available, relating to such underlier or to underlier stocks constituting 20% or more, by weight, of such underlier do not trade on what were the respective primary markets for those underlier stocks or contracts, as determined by the calculation agent in its sole discretion, |
and, in the case of any of these events, the calculation agent determines in its sole discretion that such event could materially interfere with the ability of the company or any of its affiliates or a similarly situated person to unwind all or a material portion of a hedge that could be effected with respect to this note.
The following events will not be market disruption events:
● | a limitation on the hours or numbers of days of trading, but only if the limitation results from an announced change in the regular business hours of the relevant market, and |
● | a decision to permanently discontinue trading in option or futures contracts relating to such underlier or to any underlier stock. |
For this purpose, an “absence of trading” in the primary securities market on which an underlier stock is traded, or on which option or futures contracts relating to such underlier or an underlier stock are traded, will not include any time when that market is itself closed for trading under ordinary circumstances. In contrast, a suspension or limitation of trading in an underlier stock or in option or futures contracts, if available, relating to such underlier or an underlier stock in the primary market for that stock or those contracts, by reason of:
● | a price change exceeding limits set by that market, |
● | an imbalance of orders relating to that underlier stock or those contracts, or |
● | a disparity in bid and ask quotes relating to that underlier stock or those contracts, |
will constitute a suspension or material limitation of trading in that stock or those contracts in that market.
(ii) With respect to the VanEck Junior Gold Miners ETF on any given trading day, any of the following will be a market disruption event:
● | a suspension, absence or material limitation of trading in such underlier on its primary market for more than two consecutive hours of trading or during the one-half hour before the close of trading in that market, as determined by the calculation agent in its sole discretion, |
● | a suspension, absence or material limitation of trading in option or futures contracts relating to such underlier in the primary market for those contracts for more than two consecutive hours of trading or during the one-half hour before the close of trading in that market, as determined by the calculation agent in its sole discretion, or |
● | such underlier does not trade on what was the primary market for such underlier, as determined by the calculation agent in its sole discretion, |
and, in the case of any of these events, the calculation agent determines in its sole discretion that the event could materially interfere with the ability of the company or any of its affiliates or a similarly situated person to unwind all or a material portion of a hedge that could be effected with respect to this note.
The following events will not be market disruption events:
● | a limitation on the hours or numbers of days of trading, but only if the limitation results from an announced change in the regular business hours of the relevant market, and |
● | a decision to permanently discontinue trading in option or futures contracts relating to such underlier. |
For this purpose, an “absence of trading” in the primary securities market on which shares of such underlier are traded, or on which option or futures contracts, if available, relating to such underlier are traded, will not include any time when that market is itself closed for trading under ordinary circumstances. In contrast, a suspension or limitation of trading in shares of such underlier or in option or futures contracts, if available, relating to such underlier in the primary market for such underlier or those contracts, by reason of:
PS-5
● | a price change exceeding limits set by that market, |
● | an imbalance of orders relating to the shares of such underlier or those contracts, or |
● | a disparity in bid and ask quotes relating to the shares of such underlier or those contracts, |
will constitute a suspension or material limitation of trading in shares of such underlier or those contracts in that market.
(iii) A market disruption event with respect to one underlier will not, by itself, constitute a market disruption event for any unaffected underlier.
Consequences of a market disruption event or a non-trading day: With respect to any underlier, if a market disruption event occurs or is continuing on a day that would otherwise be the determination date, or such day is not a trading day, then the determination date will be postponed as described under “— Determination date” above. If the determination date is postponed to the last possible date due to the occurrence of serial non-trading days, the level of each underlier will be the calculation agent’s assessment of such level, in its sole discretion, on such last possible postponed determination date. If the determination date is postponed due to a market disruption event with respect to any underlier, the final underlier level with respect to the determination date will be calculated based on (i) for any underlier that is not affected by a market disruption event on the originally scheduled determination date or the first qualified trading day thereafter (if applicable), the closing level of the underlier on that date, (ii) for any underlier that is affected by a market disruption event on the originally scheduled determination date or the first qualified trading day thereafter (if applicable), the closing level of the underlier on the first following trading day on which no market disruption event exists for such underlier and (iii) the calculation agent’s assessment, in its sole discretion, of the level of any underlier on the last possible postponed determination date with respect to such underlier as to which a market disruption event continues through the last possible postponed determination date. As a result, this could result in the final underlier level on the determination date of each underlier being determined on different calendar dates. For the avoidance of doubt, once the closing level for an underlier is determined for the determination date, the occurrence of a later market disruption event or non-trading day will not alter such calculation.
Discontinuance or modification of an underlier: (i) If, with respect to the S&P 500® Index or the Russell 2000® Value Index, the underlier sponsor discontinues publication of an underlier and such underlier sponsor or anyone else publishes a substitute underlier that the calculation agent determines is comparable to such underlier and approves as a successor underlier, or if the calculation agent designates a substitute underlier, then the calculation agent will determine the cash settlement amount on the stated maturity date by reference to such successor underlier.
If the calculation agent determines that the publication of an underlier is discontinued and there is no successor underlier, the calculation agent will determine the cash settlement amount on the stated maturity date by a computation methodology that the calculation agent determines will as closely as reasonably possible replicate such underlier.
If the calculation agent determines that (a) an underlier, the underlier stocks comprising such underlier or the method of calculating such underlier is changed at any time in any respect — including any addition, deletion or substitution and any reweighting or rebalancing of such underlier or the underlier stocks and whether the change is made by the underlier sponsor under its existing policies or following a modification of those policies, is due to the publication of a successor underlier, is due to events affecting one or more of the underlier stocks or their issuers or is due to any other reason — and is not otherwise reflected in the level of the underlier by the underlier sponsor pursuant to the then-current underlier methodology of the underlier or (b) there has been a split or reverse split of the underlier, then the calculation agent will be permitted (but not required) to make such adjustments in such underlier or the method of its calculation as it believes are appropriate to ensure that the levels of such underlier used to determine the cash settlement amount on the stated maturity date is equitable.
(ii) If, with respect to the VanEck Junior Gold Miners ETF, such underlier is delisted from the exchange on which the underlier has its primary listing and the ETF investment advisor or anyone else publishes a substitute underlier that the calculation agent determines is comparable to the underlier and approves as a successor underlier, or if the calculation agent designates a substitute underlier, then the calculation agent will determine the cash settlement amount on the stated maturity date by reference to such successor underlier.
If the calculation agent determines, that the underlier is delisted or withdrawn from the exchange on which the underlier has its primary listing and there is no successor underlier, the calculation agent will determine the cash
PS-6
settlement amount on the stated maturity date by a computation methodology that the calculation agent determines will as closely as reasonably possible replicate the underlier.
If the calculation agent determines that the underlier, the underlier stocks comprising such underlier or the method of calculating such underlier is changed at any time in any respect — including any split or reverse split of the underlier, a material change in the investment objective of the underlier and any addition, deletion or substitution and any reweighting or rebalancing of the underlier stocks and whether the change is made by the ETF investment advisor under its existing policies or following a modification of those policies, is due to the publication of a successor underlier, is due to events affecting one or more of the underlier stocks or their issuers or is due to any other reason — then the calculation agent will be permitted (but not required) to make such adjustments in such underlier or the method of its calculation as it believes are appropriate to ensure that the levels of such underlier used to determine the cash settlement amount on the stated maturity date is equitable.
(iii) All determinations and adjustments to be made by the calculation agent with respect to an underlier may be made by the calculation agent in its sole discretion. The calculation agent is not obligated to make any such adjustments.
Anti-dilution adjustments: the calculation agent will have discretion to adjust the closing level of the VanEck Junior Gold Miners ETF if certain events occur (including those described above under “— Discontinuance or modification of an underlier”). In the event that any event other than a delisting or withdrawal from the relevant exchange occurs, the calculation agent shall determine whether and to what extent an adjustment should be made to the level of such underlier or any other term. The calculation agent shall have no obligation to make an adjustment for any such event.
Calculation agent: Goldman Sachs & Co. LLC (“GS&Co.”)
Tax characterization: The holder, on behalf of itself and any other person having a beneficial interest in this note, hereby agrees with the company (in the absence of a change in law, an administrative determination or a judicial ruling to the contrary) to characterize this note for all U.S. federal income tax purposes as a pre-paid derivative contract in respect of the underliers.
Overdue principal rate: the effective Federal Funds rate
PS-7
HYPOTHETICAL EXAMPLES
The following examples are provided for purposes of illustration only. They should not be taken as an indication or prediction of future investment results and are intended merely to illustrate the impact that various hypothetical closing levels of the underliers on the determination date could have on the cash settlement amount at maturity assuming all other variables remain constant.
The examples below are based on a range of underlier levels that are entirely hypothetical; no one can predict what the closing level of any underlier will be on any day throughout the life of your notes and what the final underlier level of the lesser performing underlier will be on the determination date. The underliers have been highly volatile in the past — meaning that the underlier levels have changed substantially in relatively short periods — and their performance cannot be predicted for any future period.
The information in the following examples reflects hypothetical rates of return on the offered notes assuming that they are purchased on the original issue date at the face amount and held to the stated maturity date. If you sell your notes in a secondary market prior to the stated maturity date, your return will depend upon the market value of your notes at the time of sale, which may be affected by a number of factors that are not reflected in the examples below, such as interest rates, the volatility of the underliers, the creditworthiness of GS Finance Corp., as issuer, and the creditworthiness of The Goldman Sachs Group, Inc., as guarantor. In addition, the estimated value of your notes at the time the terms of your notes are set on the trade date (as determined by reference to pricing models used by GS&Co.) is less than the original issue price of your notes. For more information on the estimated value of your notes, see “Additional Risk Factors Specific to Your Notes — The Estimated Value of Your Notes At the Time the Terms of Your Notes Are Set On the Trade Date (as Determined By Reference to Pricing Models Used By GS&Co.) Is Less Than the Original Issue Price Of Your Notes” on page PS-12 of this pricing supplement. The information in the examples also reflects the key terms and assumptions in the box below.
| |
Face amount | $1,000 |
Maximum settlement amount | $1,420 |
Trigger buffer level | with respect to each underlier, 60% of its initial underlier level |
Neither a market disruption event nor a non-trading day occurs on the originally scheduled determination date | |
No change in or affecting any underlier, any underlier stock, any policy of the applicable ETF investment advisor or any method by which the applicable underlier sponsor calculates its underlier or the applicable underlying index sponsor calculates its underlying index | |
Notes purchased on original issue date at the face amount and held to the stated maturity date |
Moreover, we have not yet set the initial underlier levels that will serve as the baseline for determining the amount that we will pay on your notes, if any, at maturity. We will not do so until the trade date. As a result, the actual initial underlier levels may differ substantially from the underlier levels prior to the trade date. They may also differ substantially from the underlier levels at the time you purchase your notes.
For these reasons, the actual performance of the underliers over the life of your notes, as well as the amount payable at maturity, if any, may bear little relation to the hypothetical examples shown below or to the historical underlier levels shown elsewhere in this pricing supplement. For information about the underlier levels during recent periods, see “The Underliers — Historical Closing Levels of the Underliers” on page PS-24. Before investing in the notes, you should consult publicly available information to determine the underlier levels between the date of this pricing supplement and the date of your purchase of the notes.
Also, the hypothetical examples shown below do not take into account the effects of applicable taxes. Because of the U.S. tax treatment applicable to your notes, tax liabilities could affect the after-tax rate of return on your notes to a comparatively greater extent than the after-tax return on the underlier stocks.
PS-8
The levels in the left column of the table below represent hypothetical final underlier levels of the lesser performing underlier and are expressed as percentages of the initial underlier level of the lesser performing underlier. The amounts in the right column represent the hypothetical cash settlement amounts, based on the corresponding hypothetical final underlier level of the lesser performing underlier, and are expressed as percentages of the face amount of a note (rounded to the nearest one-thousandth of a percent). Thus, a hypothetical cash settlement amount of 100.000% means that the value of the cash payment that we would deliver for each $1,000 of the outstanding face amount of the offered notes on the stated maturity date would equal 100.000% of the face amount of a note, based on the corresponding hypothetical final underlier level of the lesser performing underlier and the assumptions noted above.
| |
| |
Hypothetical Final Underlier Level of the Lesser Performing Underlier | Hypothetical Cash Settlement Amount at Maturity |
(as Percentage of Initial Underlier Level) | (as Percentage of Face Amount) |
200.000% | 142.000% |
175.000% | 142.000% |
150.000% | 142.000% |
125.000% | 142.000% |
110.000% | 142.000% |
100.000% | 142.000% |
75.000% | 142.000% |
70.000% | 142.000% |
60.000% | 142.000% |
59.999% | 59.999% |
50.000% | 50.000% |
40.000% | 40.000% |
30.000% | 30.000% |
20.000% | 20.000% |
0.000% | 0.000% |
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If, for example, the final underlier level of the lesser performing underlier were determined to be 20.000% of its initial underlier level, the cash settlement amount that we would deliver on your notes at maturity would be 20.000% of the face amount of your notes, as shown in the table above. As a result, if you purchased your notes on the original issue date at the face amount and held them to the stated maturity date, you would lose 80.000% of your investment (if you purchased your notes at a premium to face amount you would lose a correspondingly higher percentage of your investment). In addition, if the final underlier level of the lesser performing underlier were determined to be 200.000% of its initial underlier level, the cash settlement amount that we would deliver on your notes at maturity would be capped at the maximum settlement amount, or 142.000% of each $1,000 face amount of your notes, as shown in the table above. As a result, if you held your notes to the stated maturity date, you would not benefit from any increase in the final underlier level of the lesser performing underlier over 60.000% of its initial underlier level.
The following chart shows a graphical illustration of the hypothetical cash settlement amounts that we would pay on your notes on the stated maturity date, if the final underlier level of the lesser performing underlier were any of the hypothetical levels shown on the horizontal axis. The hypothetical cash settlement amounts in the chart are expressed as percentages of the face amount of your notes and the hypothetical final underlier levels of the lesser performing underlier are expressed as percentages of its initial underlier level. The chart shows that any hypothetical final underlier level of the lesser performing underlier of less than 60.000% (the section left of the 60.000% marker on the horizontal axis) would result in a hypothetical cash settlement amount of less than 100.000% of the face amount of your notes (the section below the 100.000% marker on the vertical axis) and, accordingly, in a loss of principal to the holder of the notes. The chart also shows that any hypothetical final underlier level of the lesser performing underlier of greater than or equal to 60.000% (the section right of the 60.000% marker on the horizontal axis) would result in a capped return on your investment.
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The cash settlement amounts shown above are entirely hypothetical; they are based on market prices for the underlier stocks that may not be achieved on the determination date and on assumptions that may prove to be erroneous. The actual market value of your notes on the stated maturity date or at any other time, including any time you may wish to sell your notes, may bear little relation to the hypothetical cash settlement amounts shown above, and these amounts should not be viewed as an indication of the financial return on an investment in the offered notes. The hypothetical cash settlement amounts on notes held to the stated maturity date in the examples above assume you purchased your notes at their face amount and have not been adjusted to reflect the actual issue price you pay for your notes. The return on your investment (whether positive or negative) in your notes will be affected by the amount you pay for your notes. If you purchase your notes for a price other than the face amount, the return on your investment will differ from, and may be significantly lower than, the hypothetical returns suggested by the above examples. Please read “Additional Risk Factors Specific to Your Notes — The Market Value of Your Notes May Be Influenced by Many Unpredictable Factors” on page PS-13.
Payments on the notes are economically equivalent to the amounts that would be paid on a combination of other instruments. For example, payments on the notes are economically equivalent to a combination of an interest-bearing bond bought by the holder and one or more options entered into between the holder and us (with one or more implicit option premiums paid over time). The discussion in this paragraph does not modify or affect the terms of the notes or the U.S. federal income tax treatment of the notes, as described elsewhere in this pricing supplement.
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We cannot predict the actual final underlier levels or what the market value of your notes will be on any particular trading day, nor can we predict the relationship between the closing levels of the underliers and the market value of your notes at any time prior to the stated maturity date. The actual amount that you will receive, if any, at maturity and the rate of return on the offered notes will depend on the actual initial underlier levels, which we will set on the trade date, and the actual final underlier levels determined by the calculation agent as described above. Moreover, the assumptions on which the hypothetical returns are based may turn out to be inaccurate. Consequently, the amount of cash to be paid in respect of your notes, if any, on the stated maturity date may be very different from the information reflected in the examples above.
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An investment in your notes is subject to the risks described below, as well as the risks and considerations described in the accompanying prospectus, in the accompanying prospectus supplement, under “Additional Risk Factors Specific to the Securities” in the accompanying underlier supplement no. 27 and under “Additional Risk Factors Specific to the Notes” in the accompanying general terms supplement no. 2,913. You should carefully review these risks and considerations as well as the terms of the notes described herein and in the accompanying prospectus, the accompanying prospectus supplement, the accompanying underlier supplement no. 27 and the accompanying general terms supplement no. 2,913. Your notes are a riskier investment than ordinary debt securities. Also, your notes are not equivalent to investing directly in the underlier stocks, i.e., with respect to an underlier to which your notes are linked, the stocks comprising such underlier. You should carefully consider whether the offered notes are appropriate given your particular circumstances. |
Risks Related to Structure, Valuation and Secondary Market Sales
The Estimated Value of Your Notes At the Time the Terms of Your Notes Are Set On the Trade Date (as Determined By Reference to Pricing Models Used By GS&Co.) Is Less Than the Original Issue Price Of Your Notes
The original issue price for your notes exceeds the estimated value of your notes as of the time the terms of your notes are set on the trade date, as determined by reference to GS&Co.’s pricing models and taking into account our credit spreads. Such estimated value on the trade date is set forth above under “Estimated Value of Your Notes”; after the trade date, the estimated value as determined by reference to these models will be affected by changes in market conditions, the creditworthiness of GS Finance Corp., as issuer, the creditworthiness of The Goldman Sachs Group, Inc., as guarantor, and other relevant factors. The price at which GS&Co. would initially buy or sell your notes (if GS&Co. makes a market, which it is not obligated to do), and the value that GS&Co. will initially use for account statements and otherwise, also exceeds the estimated value of your notes as determined by reference to these models. As agreed by GS&Co. and the distribution participants, this excess (i.e., the additional amount described under “Estimated Value of Your Notes”) will decline to zero on a straight line basis over the period from the date hereof through the applicable date set forth above under “Estimated Value of Your Notes”. Thereafter, if GS&Co. buys or sells your notes it will do so at prices that reflect the estimated value determined by reference to such pricing models at that time. The price at which GS&Co. will buy or sell your notes at any time also will reflect its then current bid and ask spread for similar sized trades of structured notes.
In estimating the value of your notes as of the time the terms of your notes are set on the trade date, as disclosed above under “Estimated Value of Your Notes”, GS&Co.’s pricing models consider certain variables, including principally our credit spreads, interest rates (forecasted, current and historical rates), volatility, price-sensitivity analysis and the time to maturity of the notes. These pricing models are proprietary and rely in part on certain assumptions about future events, which may prove to be incorrect. As a result, the actual value you would receive if you sold your notes in the secondary market, if any, to others may differ, perhaps materially, from the estimated value of your notes determined by reference to our models due to, among other things, any differences in pricing models or assumptions used by others. See “— The Market Value of Your Notes May Be Influenced by Many Unpredictable Factors” below.
The difference between the estimated value of your notes as of the time the terms of your notes are set on the trade date and the original issue price is a result of certain factors, including principally the underwriting discount and commissions, the expenses incurred in creating, documenting and marketing the notes, and an estimate of the difference between the amounts we pay to GS&Co. and the amounts GS&Co. pays to us in connection with your notes. We pay to GS&Co. amounts based on what we would pay to holders of a non-structured note with a similar maturity. In return for such payment, GS&Co. pays to us the amounts we owe under your notes.
In addition to the factors discussed above, the value and quoted price of your notes at any time will reflect many factors and cannot be predicted. If GS&Co. makes a market in the notes, the price quoted by GS&Co. would reflect any changes in market conditions and other relevant factors, including any deterioration in our creditworthiness or perceived creditworthiness or the creditworthiness or perceived creditworthiness of The Goldman Sachs Group, Inc. These changes may adversely affect the value of your notes, including the price you may receive for your notes in any market making transaction. To the extent that GS&Co. makes a market in the
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notes, the quoted price will reflect the estimated value determined by reference to GS&Co.’s pricing models at that time, plus or minus its then current bid and ask spread for similar sized trades of structured notes (and subject to the declining excess amount described above).
Furthermore, if you sell your notes, you will likely be charged a commission for secondary market transactions, or the price will likely reflect a dealer discount. This commission or discount will further reduce the proceeds you would receive for your notes in a secondary market sale.
There is no assurance that GS&Co. or any other party will be willing to purchase your notes at any price and, in this regard, GS&Co. is not obligated to make a market in the notes. See “Additional Risk Factors Specific to the Notes —Your Notes May Not Have an Active Trading Market” on page S-7 of the accompanying general terms supplement no. 2,913.
The Notes Are Subject to the Credit Risk of the Issuer and the Guarantor
Although the return on the notes will be based on the performance of each underlier, the payment of any amount due on the notes is subject to the credit risk of GS Finance Corp., as issuer of the notes, and the credit risk of The Goldman Sachs Group, Inc. as guarantor of the notes. The notes are our unsecured obligations. Investors are dependent on our ability to pay all amounts due on the notes, and therefore investors are subject to our credit risk and to changes in the market’s view of our creditworthiness. Similarly, investors are dependent on the ability of The Goldman Sachs Group, Inc., as guarantor of the notes, to pay all amounts due on the notes, and therefore are also subject to its credit risk and to changes in the market’s view of its creditworthiness. See “Description of the Notes We May Offer — Information About Our Medium-Term Notes, Series F Program — How the Notes Rank Against Other Debt” on page S-5 of the accompanying prospectus supplement and “Description of Debt Securities We May Offer — Guarantee by The Goldman Sachs Group, Inc.” on page 67 of the accompanying prospectus.
You May Lose Your Entire Investment in the Notes
You can lose your entire investment in the notes. The cash settlement amount on your notes, if any, on the stated maturity date will be based on the performance of the lesser performing of the underliers as measured from their initial underlier levels set on the trade date to their closing levels on the determination date. If the final underlier level of any underlier is less than its trigger buffer level, you will have a loss for each $1,000 of the face amount of your notes equal to the product of (i) $1,000 times (ii) the lesser performing underlier return. Thus, you may lose your entire investment in the notes, which would include any premium to face amount you paid when you purchased the notes.
Also, the market price of your notes prior to the stated maturity date may be significantly lower than the purchase price you pay for your notes. Consequently, if you sell your notes before the stated maturity date, you may receive far less than the amount of your investment in the notes.
The Amount Payable on Your Notes Is Not Linked to the Levels of the Underliers at Any Time Other than the Determination Date
The final underlier level of each underlier will be based on the closing level of such underlier on the determination date (subject to adjustment as described elsewhere in this pricing supplement). Therefore, if the closing level of one underlier dropped precipitously on the determination date, the cash settlement amount for your notes may be significantly less than it would have been had the cash settlement amount been linked to the closing level of the underlier prior to such drop. Although the actual closing levels of the underliers on the stated maturity date or at other times during the life of your notes may be higher than the closing levels of the underliers on the determination date, you will not benefit from the closing levels of the underliers at any time other than on the determination date.
The Cash Settlement Amount Will Be Based Solely on the Lesser Performing Underlier
The cash settlement amount will be based on the lesser performing underlier without regard to the performances of the other underliers. As a result, you could lose all or some of your initial investment if the lesser performing underlier return is negative, even if there is an increase in the levels of the other underliers. This could be the case even if the other underliers increased by an amount greater than the decrease in the lesser performing underlier.
The Market Value of Your Notes May Be Influenced by Many Unpredictable Factors
When we refer to the market value of your notes, we mean the value that you could receive for your notes if you chose to sell them in the open market before the stated maturity date. A number of factors, many of which are beyond our control, will influence the market value of your notes, including:
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• | the levels of the underliers; |
• | the volatility – i.e., the frequency and magnitude of changes – in the closing levels of the underliers; |
• | the dividend rates of the underlier stocks; |
• | economic, financial, regulatory, political, military, public health and other events that affect stock markets generally and the underlier stocks, and which may affect the closing level of the underlier or underliers; |
• | interest rates and yield rates in the market; |
• | the time remaining until your notes mature; and |
• | our creditworthiness and the creditworthiness of The Goldman Sachs Group, Inc., whether actual or perceived, and including actual or anticipated upgrades or downgrades in our credit ratings or the credit ratings of The Goldman Sachs Group, Inc. or changes in other credit measures. |
Without limiting the foregoing, the market value of your notes may be negatively impacted by increasing interest rates. Such adverse impact of increasing interest rates could be significantly enhanced in notes with longer-dated maturities, the market values of which are generally more sensitive to increasing interest rates.
These factors may influence the market value of your notes if you sell your notes before maturity, including the price you may receive for your notes in any market making transaction. If you sell your notes prior to maturity, you may receive less than the face amount of your notes. You cannot predict the future performance of the underliers based on their historical performance.
The Return on Your Notes May Change Significantly Despite Only a Small Change in the Level of the Lesser Performing Underlier
If the final underlier level of the lesser performing underlier is less than its trigger buffer level, you will receive less than the face amount of your notes and you could lose all or a substantial portion of your investment in the notes. This means that while a decrease in the final underlier level of the lesser performing underlier to its trigger buffer level will not result in a loss of principal on the notes, a decrease in the final underlier level of the lesser performing underlier to less than its trigger buffer level will result in a loss of a significant portion of the face amount of the notes despite only a small change in the level of the lesser performing underlier.
Your Notes Do Not Bear Interest
You will not receive any interest payments on your notes. As a result, even if the cash settlement amount payable for your notes on the stated maturity date exceeds the face amount of your notes, the overall return you earn on your notes may be less than you would have earned by investing in a non-indexed debt security of comparable maturity that bears interest at a prevailing market rate.
The Potential for the Value of Your Notes to Increase Will Be Limited
Your ability to participate in any change in the value of any underlier over the life of your notes will be limited because of the maximum settlement amount. The maximum settlement amount will limit the cash settlement amount you may receive for each of your notes at maturity, no matter how much the level of any underlier may rise beyond its initial underlier level over the life of your notes. Accordingly, the amount payable for each of your notes may be significantly less than it would have been had you invested directly in any underlier.
If You Purchase Your Notes at a Premium to Face Amount, the Return on Your Investment Will Be Lower Than the Return on Notes Purchased at Face Amount and the Impact of Certain Key Terms of the Notes Will Be Negatively Affected
The cash settlement amount will not be adjusted based on the issue price you pay for the notes. If you purchase notes at a price that differs from the face amount of the notes, then the return on your investment in such notes held to the stated maturity date will differ from, and may be substantially less than, the return on notes purchased at face amount. If you purchase your notes at a premium to face amount and hold them to the stated maturity date, the return on your investment in the notes will be lower than it would have been had you purchased the notes at face amount or a discount to face amount. In addition, the impact of the maximum settlement amount on the return on your investment will depend upon the price you pay for your notes relative to face amount. For example, if you purchase your notes at a premium to face amount, the maximum settlement amount will permit a lower positive return on your investment in the notes than would have been the case for notes purchased at face amount or a discount to face amount.
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The Return on Your Notes Will Not Reflect Any Dividends Paid on the VanEck Junior Gold Miners ETF or Any Underlier Stocks
The return on your notes will not reflect the return you would realize if you actually owned the VanEck Junior Gold Miners ETF or underlier stocks and received the distributions paid on the shares of the VanEck Junior Gold Miners ETF. You will not receive any dividends that may be paid on any of the underlier stocks by the underlier stock issuers or the shares of the VanEck Junior Gold Miners ETF. See “—You Have No Shareholder Rights or Rights to Receive Any Shares of the VanEck Junior Gold Miners ETF or Any Underlier Stock” below for additional information.
You Have No Shareholder Rights or Rights to Receive Any Shares of the VanEck Junior Gold Miners ETF or Any Underlier Stock
Investing in your notes will not make you a holder of any shares of the VanEck Junior Gold Miners ETF or any underlier stocks. Neither you nor any other holder or owner of your notes will have any rights with respect to the VanEck Junior Gold Miners ETF or the underlier stocks, including any voting rights, any right to receive dividends or other distributions, any rights to make a claim against the VanEck Junior Gold Miners ETF or the underlier stocks or any other rights of a holder of any shares of the VanEck Junior Gold Miners ETF or the underlier stocks. Your notes will be paid in cash and you will have no right to receive delivery of any shares of the VanEck Junior Gold Miners ETF or any underlier stocks.
We May Sell an Additional Aggregate Face Amount of the Notes at a Different Issue Price
At our sole option, we may decide to sell an additional aggregate face amount of the notes subsequent to the date of this pricing supplement. The issue price of the notes in the subsequent sale may differ substantially (higher or lower) from the issue price you paid as provided on the cover of this pricing supplement.
Additional Risks Related to the Russell 2000® Value Index
There Is No Guarantee That the Methodology of the Russell 2000® Value Index Will Be Successful
The Russell 2000® Value Index is generally considered to be a “small-cap” U.S. equity index and is predominantly comprised of value stocks, meaning stocks issued by companies thought to be undervalued by the market relative to comparable companies. There is no guarantee that the Russell 2000® Value Index will outperform any other index or strategy that tracks U.S. small-capitalization selected using other criteria. Companies that are considered to be value oriented may have lower growth potential than other securities, which may cause the level of the Russell 2000® Value Index to decrease over the term of the notes. Accordingly, the investment strategy represented by the Russell 2000® Value Index may not be successful, and your investment in the notes may result in a loss. An investment in the notes may also underperform an investment linked only to the Russell 2000® Index.
Additional Risks Related to the VanEck Junior Gold Miners ETF
The Policies of the VanEck Junior Gold Miners ETF’s Investment Advisor, Van Eck Associates Corporation, and the Sponsor of Its Underlying Index, MVIS Index Solutions, Could Affect the Amount Payable on Your Notes and Their Market Value
The VanEck Junior Gold Miners ETF’s investment advisor, Van Eck Associates Corporation (“Van Eck”), may from time to time be called upon to make certain policy decisions or judgments with respect to the implementation of policies of Van Eck concerning the calculation of the net asset value of the VanEck Junior Gold Miners ETF, additions, deletions or substitutions of securities in the VanEck Junior Gold Miners ETF and the manner in which changes affecting its underlying index are reflected in the VanEck Junior Gold Miners ETF that could affect the market price of the shares of the VanEck Junior Gold Miners ETF, and therefore, the amount payable on your notes. The amount payable on your notes and their market value could also be affected if Van Eck changes these policies, for example, by changing the manner in which it calculates the net asset value of the VanEck Junior Gold Miners ETF, or if Van Eck discontinues or suspends calculation or publication of the net asset value of the VanEck Junior Gold Miners ETF, in which case it may become difficult or inappropriate to determine the market value of your notes.
If events such as these occur, the calculation agent — which initially will be GS&Co. — may determine the closing level of the VanEck Junior Gold Miners ETF— and thus the amount payable on the stated maturity date, if any — in a manner it considers appropriate, in its sole discretion. We describe the discretion that the calculation agent will have in determining the closing level of the VanEck Junior Gold Miners ETF and the amount payable on your notes more fully under “Terms and Conditions — Discontinuance or modification of an underlier” above.
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In addition, MVIS Index Solutions (the “underlying index sponsor”), owns its underlying index and is responsible for the design and maintenance of its underlying index. The policies of the underlying index sponsor concerning the calculation of its underlying index, including decisions regarding the addition, deletion or substitution of the equity securities included in its underlying index, could affect the level of its underlying index and, consequently, could affect the market price of shares of the VanEck Junior Gold Miners ETF and, therefore, the amount payable on your notes and their market value.
There is No Assurance That an Active Trading Market Will Continue for the VanEck Junior Gold Miners ETF or That There Will Be Liquidity in Any Such Trading Market; Further, the VanEck Junior Gold Miners ETF is Subject to Management Risks, Securities Lending Risks and Custody Risks
Although the VanEck Junior Gold Miners ETF’s shares are listed for trading on NYSE Arca, Inc. (the “NYSE Arca”) and a number of similar products have been traded on the NYSE Arca or other securities exchanges for varying periods of time, there is no assurance that an active trading market will continue for the shares of the VanEck Junior Gold Miners ETF or that there will be liquidity in the trading market.
In addition, the VanEck Junior Gold Miners ETF is subject to management risk, which is the risk that the VanEck Junior Gold Miners ETF investment advisor’s investment strategy, the implementation of which is subject to a number of constraints, may not produce the intended results. The VanEck Junior Gold Miners ETF is also not actively managed and may be affected by a general decline in market segments relating to the underlying index. Van Eck invests in securities included in, or representative of, the underlying index regardless of their investment merits. Van Eck does not attempt to take defensive positions in declining markets. In addition, the VanEck Junior Gold Miners ETF’s investment advisor may be permitted to engage in securities lending with respect to a portion of the VanEck Junior Gold Miners ETF’s total assets, which could subject the VanEck Junior Gold Miners ETF to the risk that the borrower of such loaned securities fails to return the securities in a timely manner or at all.
In addition, the VanEck Junior Gold Miners ETF is subject to custody risk, which refers to the risks in the process of clearing and settling trades and to the holding of securities by local banks, agents and depositories. Low trading volumes and volatile prices in less developed markets make trades harder to complete and settle, and governments or trade groups may compel local agents to hold securities in designated depositories that are not subject to independent evaluation. The less developed a country’s securities market is, the greater the likelihood of custody problems.
Further, the VanEck Junior Gold Miners ETF is subject to listing standards adopted by NYSE Arca. There can be no assurance that the VanEck Junior Gold Miners ETF will continue to meet the applicable listing requirements, or that the VanEck Junior Gold Miners ETF will not be delisted.
The VanEck Junior Gold Miners ETF is Concentrated in Gold and Silver Mining Companies and Does Not Provide Diversified Exposure
The VanEck Junior Gold Miners ETF’s stocks are not diversified and are concentrated in gold and silver mining companies, which means the VanEck Junior Gold Miners ETF is more likely to be more adversely affected by any negative performance of gold and silver mining companies than an VanEck Junior Gold Miners ETF that includes more diversified stocks across a number of sectors. Investments related to gold and silver are considered speculative and are affected by a variety of factors. Competitive pressures may have a significant effect on the financial condition of gold and silver mining companies. Also, gold and silver mining companies are highly dependent on the price of gold and silver bullion, respectively, and may be adversely affected by a variety of worldwide economic, financial and political factors. The price of gold and silver may fluctuate substantially over short periods of time so the VanEck Junior Gold Miners ETF’s share price may be more volatile than other types of investments. Fluctuation in the prices of gold and silver may be due to a number of factors, including changes in inflation, changes in currency exchange rates and changes in industrial and commercial demand for metals (including fabricator demand). Additionally, increased environmental or labor costs may depress the value of metal investments. In particular, a drop in the price of gold and/or silver bullion would particularly adversely affect the profitability of small- and medium-capitalization mining companies and their ability to secure financing. Furthermore, companies that are only in the exploration stage are typically unable to adopt specific strategies for controlling the impact of the price of gold or silver. A significant number of the companies whose shares are owned by the VanEck Junior Gold Miners ETF may be early stage mining companies that are in the exploration stage only or that hold properties that might not ultimately produce gold or silver. The exploration and development of mineral deposits involve significant financial risks over a significant period of time which even a combination of careful evaluation, experience and knowledge may not eliminate. Few properties which are explored are ultimately developed into producing mines. Major expenditures may be required to establish reserves by drilling and to construct mining and processing facilities at a site. In addition, many early stage miners
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operate at a loss and are dependent on securing equity and/or debt financing, which might be more difficult to secure for an early stage mining company than for a more established counterpart.
An Investment in the Offered Notes Is Subject to Risks Associated with Foreign Securities
The value of your notes is linked, in part, to the VanEck Junior Gold Miners ETF, which holds, in part, stocks from one or more foreign securities markets, including stocks traded in the equity markets of emerging market countries. Investments linked to the value of foreign equity securities involve particular risks. Any foreign securities market may be less liquid, more volatile and affected by global or domestic market developments in a different way than are the U.S. securities market or other foreign securities markets. Both government intervention in a foreign securities market, either directly or indirectly, and cross-shareholdings in foreign companies, may affect trading prices and volumes in that market. Also, there is generally less publicly available information about foreign companies than about those U.S. companies that are subject to the reporting requirements of the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission. Further, foreign companies are subject to accounting, auditing and financial reporting standards and requirements that differ from those applicable to U.S. reporting companies.
The prices of securities in a foreign country are subject to political, economic, financial and social factors that are unique to such foreign country’s geographical region. These factors include: recent changes, or the possibility of future changes, in the applicable foreign government’s economic and fiscal policies; the possible implementation of, or changes in, currency exchange laws or other laws or restrictions applicable to foreign companies or investments in foreign equity securities; fluctuations, or the possibility of fluctuations, in currency exchange rates; and the possibility of outbreaks of hostility, political instability, natural disaster or adverse public health developments. For example, the United Kingdom ceased to be a member of the European Union on January 31, 2020 (an event commonly referred to as “Brexit”). The effects of Brexit are uncertain, and, among other things, Brexit has contributed, and may continue to contribute, to volatility in the prices of securities of companies located in Europe (or elsewhere) and currency exchange rates, including the valuation of the euro and British pound in particular. Any one of these factors, or the combination of more than one of these factors, could negatively affect such foreign securities market and the price of securities therein. Further, geographical regions may react to global factors in different ways, which may cause the prices of securities in a foreign securities market to fluctuate in a way that differs from those of securities in the U.S. securities market or other foreign securities markets. Foreign economies may also differ from the U.S. economy in important respects, including growth of gross national product, rate of inflation, capital reinvestment, resources and self-sufficiency, which may have a positive or negative effect on foreign securities prices.
Because foreign exchanges may be open on days when the VanEck Junior Gold Miners ETF is not traded, the value of the securities underlying the VanEck Junior Gold Miners ETF may change on days when shareholders will not be able to purchase or sell shares of the VanEck Junior Gold Miners ETF. This could result in premiums or discounts to the VanEck Junior Gold Miners ETF’s net asset value that may be greater than those experienced by an VanEck Junior Gold Miners ETF that does not hold foreign assets.
The countries whose markets are represented by the VanEck Junior Gold Miners ETF include emerging market countries. Countries with emerging markets may have relatively unstable governments, may present the risks of nationalization of businesses, restrictions on foreign ownership and prohibitions on the repatriation of assets, and may have less protection of property rights than more developed countries. The economies of countries with emerging markets may be based on only a few industries, may be highly vulnerable to changes in local or global trade conditions, and may suffer from extreme and volatile debt burdens or inflation rates. Local securities markets may trade a small number of securities and may be unable to respond effectively to increases in trading volume, potentially making prompt liquidation of holdings difficult or impossible at times. It will also likely be more costly and difficult for the VanEck Junior Gold Miners ETF’s investment advisor to enforce the laws or regulations of a foreign country or trading facility, and it is possible that the foreign country or trading facility may not have laws or regulations which adequately protect the rights and interests of investors in the stocks included in the VanEck Junior Gold Miners ETF.
Government Regulatory Action, Including Legislative Acts and Executive Orders, Could Result in Material Changes to the Composition of an Underlier with Underlier Stocks from One or More Foreign Securities Markets and Could Negatively Affect Your Investment in the Notes
Government regulatory action, including legislative acts and executive orders, could cause material changes to the composition of an underlier with underlier stocks from one or more foreign securities markets and could negatively affect your investment in the notes in a variety of ways, depending on the nature of such government regulatory action and the underlier stocks that are affected. For example, recent executive orders issued by the United States Government prohibit United States persons from purchasing or selling publicly traded securities of
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certain companies that are determined to operate or have operated in the defense and related materiel sector or the surveillance technology sector of the economy of the People’s Republic of China, or publicly traded securities that are derivative of, or that are designed to provide investment exposure to, those securities (including indexed notes). If the prohibitions in those executive orders (or prohibitions under other government regulatory action) become applicable to underlier stocks that are currently included in an underlier or that in the future are included in an underlier, such underlier stocks may be removed from an underlier. If government regulatory action results in the removal of underlier stocks that have (or historically have had) significant weight in an underlier, such removal could have a material and negative effect on the level of such underlier and, therefore, your investment in the notes. Similarly, if underlier stocks that are subject to those executive orders or subject to other government regulatory action are not removed from an underlier, the value of the notes could be materially and negatively affected, and transactions in, or holdings of, the notes may become prohibited under United States law. Any failure to remove such underlier stocks from an underlier could result in the loss of a significant portion or all of your investment in the notes, including if you attempt to divest the notes at a time when the value of the notes has declined.
Your Investment in the Notes Will Be Subject to Foreign Currency Exchange Rate Risk
The VanEck Junior Gold Miners ETF holds assets that are denominated in non-U.S. dollar currencies. The value of the assets held by the VanEck Junior Gold Miners ETF that are denominated in non-U.S. dollar currencies will be adjusted to reflect their U.S. dollar value by converting the price of such assets from the non-U.S. dollar currency to U.S. dollars. Consequently, if the value of the U.S. dollar strengthens against the non-U.S. dollar currency in which an asset is denominated, the level of the VanEck Junior Gold Miners ETF may not increase even if the non-dollar value of the asset held by the VanEck Junior Gold Miners ETF increases.
Foreign currency exchange rates vary over time, and may vary considerably during the term of your notes. Changes in a particular exchange rate result from the interaction of many factors directly or indirectly affecting economic and political conditions. Of particular importance are:
● | existing and expected rates of inflation; |
● | existing and expected interest rate levels; |
● | the balance of payments among countries; |
● | the extent of government surpluses or deficits in the relevant foreign country and the United States; and |
● | other financial, economic, military, public health and political factors. |
All of these factors are, in turn, sensitive to the monetary, fiscal and trade policies pursued by the governments of the relevant foreign countries and the United States and other countries important to international trade and finance.
The market price of the notes and level of the VanEck Junior Gold Miners ETF could also be adversely affected by delays in, or refusals to grant, any required governmental approval for conversions of a local currency and remittances abroad or other de facto restrictions on the repatriation of U.S. dollars.
It has been reported that the U.K. Financial Conduct Authority and regulators from other countries are in the process of investigating the potential manipulation of published currency exchange rates. If such manipulation has occurred or is continuing, certain published exchange rates may have been, or may be in the future, artificially lower (or higher) than they would otherwise have been. Any such manipulation could have an adverse impact on any payments on, and the value of, your notes and the trading market for your notes. In addition, we cannot predict whether any changes or reforms affecting the determination or publication of exchange rates or the supervision of currency trading will be implemented in connection with these investigations. Any such changes or reforms could also adversely impact your notes.
Even Though Currencies Trade Around-The-Clock, Your Notes Will Not
Your notes are linked an underlier that hold assets denominated in non-U.S. dollar currencies. The interbank market in foreign currencies is a global, around-the-clock market. Therefore, the hours of trading for your notes, if any trading market develops, will not conform to the hours during which the currencies in which the VanEck Gold Miners ETF is denominated or in which the underlier stocks trade. Significant price and rate movements may take place in the underlying foreign currency exchange markets that will not be reflected immediately in the price of your notes. The possibility of these movements should be taken into account in relating the value of your notes to those in the underlying foreign currency exchange markets. There is no systematic reporting of last-sale information for foreign currencies. Reasonably current bid and offer information is available in certain brokers’ offices, in bank foreign currency trading offices and to others who wish to subscribe for this information, but this
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information will not necessarily be reflected in the value of the VanEck Gold Miners ETF used to calculate the amount payable on your notes. There is no regulatory requirement that those quotations be firm or revised on a timely basis. The absence of last-sale information and the limited availability of quotations to individual investors may make it difficult for many investors to obtain timely, accurate data about the state of the underlying foreign currency exchange markets.
Risks Related to Tax
The Tax Consequences of an Investment in Your Notes Are Uncertain
The tax consequences of an investment in your notes are uncertain, both as to the timing and character of any inclusion in income in respect of your notes.
The Internal Revenue Service announced on December 7, 2007 that it is considering issuing guidance regarding the tax treatment of an instrument such as your notes, and any such guidance could adversely affect the value and the tax treatment of your notes. Among other things, the Internal Revenue Service may decide to require the holders to accrue ordinary income on a current basis and recognize ordinary income on payment at maturity, and could subject non-U.S. investors to withholding tax. Furthermore, in 2007, legislation was introduced in Congress that, if enacted, would have required holders that acquired instruments such as your notes after the bill was enacted to accrue interest income over the term of such instruments even though there will be no interest payments over the term of such instruments. It is not possible to predict whether a similar or identical bill will be enacted in the future, or whether any such bill would affect the tax treatment of your notes. We describe these developments in more detail under “Supplemental Discussion of U.S. Federal Income Tax Consequences – United States Holders – Possible Change in Law” below. You should consult your tax advisor about this matter. Except to the extent otherwise provided by law, GS Finance Corp. intends to continue treating the notes for U.S. federal income tax purposes in accordance with the treatment described under “Supplemental Discussion of U.S. Federal Income Tax Consequences” below unless and until such time as Congress, the Treasury Department or the Internal Revenue Service determine that some other treatment is more appropriate. Please also consult your tax advisor concerning the U.S. federal income tax and any other applicable tax consequences to you of owning your notes in your particular circumstances.
Your Notes May Be Subject to the Constructive Ownership Rules
There exists a risk that the constructive ownership rules of Section 1260 of the Internal Revenue Code could apply to all or a portion of your notes. If all or a portion of your notes were subject to the constructive ownership rules, then all or a portion of any long-term capital gain that you realize upon the sale, exchange or maturity of your notes would be re-characterized as ordinary income (and you would be subject to an interest charge on deferred tax liability with respect to such re-characterized capital gain) to the extent that such capital gain exceeds the amount of “net underlying long-term capital gain” (as defined in Section 1260 of the Internal Revenue Code). Because the application of the constructive ownership rules is unclear you are strongly urged to consult your tax advisor with respect to the possible application of the constructive ownership rules to your investment in the notes.
Foreign Account Tax Compliance Act (FATCA) Withholding May Apply to Payments on Your Notes, Including as a Result of the Failure of the Bank or Broker Through Which You Hold the Notes to Provide Information to Tax Authorities
Please see the discussion under “United States Taxation — Taxation of Debt Securities — Foreign Account Tax Compliance Act (FATCA) Withholding” in the accompanying prospectus for a description of the applicability of FATCA to payments made on your notes.
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S&P 500® Index
The S&P 500® Index includes a representative sample of 500 companies in leading industries of the U.S. economy and is intended to provide a performance benchmark for the large-cap U.S. equity markets. For more details about the S&P 500® Index, the underlier sponsor and license agreement between the underlier sponsor and the issuer, see “The Underliers — S&P 500® Index” on page S-107 of the accompanying underlier supplement no. 27.
The S&P 500® Index is a product of S&P Dow Jones Indices LLC, and has been licensed for use by GS Finance Corp. (“Goldman”). Standard & Poor’s® and S&P® are registered trademarks of Standard & Poor’s Financial Services LLC; Dow Jones® is a registered trademark of Dow Jones Trademark Holdings LLC (“Dow Jones”) and these trademarks have been licensed for use by S&P Dow Jones Indices LLC and sublicensed for certain purposes by Goldman. Goldman’s notes are not sponsored, endorsed, sold or promoted by S&P Dow Jones Indices LLC, Dow Jones, Standard & Poor’s Financial Services LLC or any of their respective affiliates and neither S&P Dow Jones Indices LLC, Dow Jones, Standard & Poor’s Financial Services LLC or any of their respective affiliates make any representation regarding the advisability of investing in such notes.
Russell 2000® Value Index
The Russell 2000® Value Index is sponsored by FTSE Russell (“Russell”) and is a sub-index of the Russell 2000® Index. The Russell 2000® Value Index is generally considered to be a “small-cap” U.S. equity index and is predominantly comprised of value stocks, meaning stocks issued by companies thought to be undervalued by the market relative to comparable companies. For more details about the Russell 2000® Value Index, the underlier sponsor and license agreement between the underlier sponsor and the issuer, see “The Underliers — Russell 2000® Value Index” on page S-85 of the accompanying underlier supplement no. 27. Also, see the accompanying May 2022 Russell 2000® Value Index supplement.
The Russell 2000® Value Index is a trademark of FTSE Russell (“Russell”) and has been licensed for use by GS Finance Corp. The notes are not sponsored, endorsed, sold or promoted by Russell, and Russell makes no representation regarding the advisability of investing in the notes.
VanEck Junior Gold Miners ETF
The shares of the VanEck Junior Gold Miners ETF (the “ETF”) are issued by VanEck® ETF Trust (the “trust”), a registered investment company. The trust was incorporated in Delaware as a statutory trust on March 15, 2001. The trust operates as a series fund, and offers multiple investment portfolios, each of which represents a separate series of the trust.
• | The ETF seeks to replicate as closely as possible, before fees and expenses, the price and yield performance of the MVIS® Global Junior Gold Miners Index (the “index”). |
• | Van Eck Associates Corporation (“Van Eck”) acts as investment advisor to the ETF, and, subject to the supervision of the Board of Trustees, is responsible for the day-to-day investment management of the ETF. |
• | The Board of Trustees of the trust has responsibility for the general oversight of the management of the ETF, including general supervision of Van Eck and other service providers, but is not involved in the day-to-day management of the trust. |
• | The ETF shares trade on the NYSE Arca under the ticker symbol “GDXJ”. |
• | The trust’s SEC CIK Number is 0001137360. |
• | The inception date for purposes of the ETF shares was November 10, 2009. |
• | The ETF shares are issued or redeemed only in creation units of 50,000 shares. |
Effective September 1, 2021, the trust changed its name from VanEck Vectors® ETF Trust to VanEck ETF Trust. In addition, effective September 1, 2021, the name of the ETF changed from the VanEck Vectors® Junior Gold Miners ETF to the VanEck Junior Gold Miners ETF.
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We obtained the following fee information from the trust’s publicly available information without independent verification. Van Eck is entitled to receive a monthly management fee from the ETF based on a percentage of the ETF’s average daily net assets at an annual rate of 0.50%. As of May 31, 2022, the ETF’s net expense ratio was 0.52% per annum. Until at least May 1, 2023, Van Eck has agreed to waive fees and/or pay ETF expenses to the extent necessary to prevent the operating expenses of the ETF (excluding acquired fund fees and expenses, interest expense, trading expenses, taxes and extraordinary expenses) from exceeding 0.56% of its average daily net assets per year.
For additional information regarding the ETF, please consult the reports (including the Annual Report to Shareholders on Form N-CRS for the period ended December 31, 2021) and other information the trust files with the SEC. Information provided to or filed with the SEC can be inspected and copied at the public reference facilities maintained by the SEC or through the SEC’s website at sec.gov. Additional information regarding the trust, including its top portfolio holdings, may be obtained from other sources including, but not limited to, press releases, newspaper articles, other publicly available documents, and the VanEck Junior Gold Miners ETF website at vaneck.com/etf/equity/gdxj/overview/. We are not incorporating by reference the website, the sources listed above or any material they include in this pricing supplement.
Investment Objective and Strategy
The ETF seeks to replicate as closely as possible, before fees and expenses, the price and yield performance of the index. The ETF, using a “passive” or indexing investment approach, attempts to approximate the investment performance of the index by investing in a portfolio of securities that generally replicates the index. The ETF normally invests at least 80% of its total assets in securities that comprise the index. The ETF’s 80% investment policy is non-fundamental, which means that the ETF’s investment policy may be changed without shareholder approval upon 60 days’ prior written notice to shareholders. The ETF is classified as a non-diversified fund under the Investment Company Act of 1940 and, therefore, may invest a greater percentage of its assets in a particular issuer. In addition, the ETF may invest in securities not included in the index, money market instruments, including repurchase agreements or other funds which invest exclusively in money market instruments, convertible securities, structured notes (notes on which the amount of principal repayment and interest payments are based on the movement of one or more specified factors, such as the movement of a particular stock or stock index) and/or certain derivatives, which Van Eck believes will help the ETF track the index. Depositary receipts not included in the index may be used by the ETF in seeking performance that corresponds to the index and in managing cash flows, and may count towards compliance with the ETF’s 80% policy. The ETF may also invest, to the extent permitted by the Investment Company Act of 1940, in other affiliated and unaffiliated funds, such as open-ended and closed-end management investment companies, including other ETFs. The ETF does not employ a temporary defensive strategy to protect against potential stock market declines.
The ETF may borrow money from a bank up to a limit of one-third of the market value of its assets. The ETF has entered or intends to enter into a credit facility to borrow money for temporary, emergency or other purposes, including the funding of shareholder redemption requests, trade settlements and as necessary to distribute to shareholders any income required to maintain the ETF’s status as a regulated investment company. To the extent that the ETF borrows money, it may be leveraged; at such times, the ETF will appreciate or depreciate in value more rapidly than its index. Leverage generally has the effect of increasing the amount of loss or gain the ETF might realize, and may increase volatility in the value of the ETF’s investments.
The ETF may lend its portfolio securities to brokers, dealers and other financial institutions desiring to borrow securities to complete transactions and for other purposes. In connection with such loans, the ETF receives cash, U.S. government securities and stand-by letters of credit not issued by the ETF’s bank lending agent liquid collateral equal to at least 102% of the value of the portfolio securities being loaned. This collateral is marked-to-market on a daily basis. Although the ETF will receive collateral in connection with all loans of its securities holdings, the ETF would be exposed to a risk of loss should a borrower fail to return the borrowed securities (e.g., the ETF would have to buy replacement securities and the loaned securities may have appreciated beyond the value of the collateral held by the ETF) or become insolvent. The ETF may pay fees to the party arranging the loan of securities. In addition, The ETF will bear the risk that it may lose money because the borrower of the loaned securities fails to return the securities in a
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timely manner or at all. The ETF could also lose money in the event of a decline in the value of any cash collateral or in the value of investments made with the cash collateral. These events could trigger adverse tax consequences for the ETF. Substitute payments for dividends received by the ETF for securities loaned out by the ETF will not be considered qualified dividend income.
Notwithstanding the ETF’s investment objective, the return on your notes will not reflect any dividends paid on the ETF shares, on the securities purchased by the ETF or on the securities that comprise the index.
Correlation
Although Van Eck intends to track the performance of the index as closely as possible, the ETF’s return may not match the return of the index for a number of reasons. For example, the ETF incurs a number of operating expenses, including taxes, not applicable to the index and incurs costs associated with buying and selling securities, especially when rebalancing the ETF’s securities holdings to reflect changes in the composition of the index, which are not factored into the return of the index. Transaction costs, including brokerage costs, will decrease the ETF’s net asset value (“NAV”) to the extent not offset by the transaction fee payable by an authorized participant. Market disruptions and regulatory restrictions could have an adverse effect on the ETF’s ability to adjust its exposure to the required levels in order to track the index. Errors in the index data, the index computations and/or the construction of the index in accordance with its methodology may occur from time to time and may not be identified and corrected by the index sponsor for a period of time or at all, which may have an adverse impact on the ETF. In addition, the ETF may not invest in certain securities included in the index, or invest in them in the exact proportions in which they are represented in the index. The ETF’s performance may also deviate from the return of the index due to legal restrictions or limitations imposed by the governments of certain countries, certain listing standards of the ETF’s listing exchange, a lack of liquidity on stock exchanges in which such securities trade, potential adverse tax consequences or other regulatory reasons (such as diversification requirements). The ETF may value certain of its investments and/or other assets based on fair value prices. To the extent the ETF calculates its NAV based on fair value prices and the value of the index is based on securities’ closing prices on local foreign markets (i.e., the value of the index is not based on fair value prices), the ETF’s ability to track the index may be adversely affected. In addition, any issues the ETF encounters with regard to currency convertibility (including the cost of borrowing funds, if any) and repatriation may also increase the index tracking risk. When markets are volatile, the ability to sell securities at fair value prices may be adversely impacted and may result in additional trading costs and/or increase the index tracking risk. The ETF may also need to rely on borrowings to meet redemptions, which may lead to increased expenses. For tax efficiency purposes, the ETF may sell certain securities, and such sale may cause the ETF to realize a loss and deviate from the performance of the index. In light of the factors discussed above, the ETF’s return may deviate significantly from the return of the index. Changes to the composition of the index in connection with a rebalancing or reconstitution of the index may cause the ETF to experience increased volatility, during which time the ETF’s index tracking risk may be heightened.
Industry Concentration Policy
The ETF will concentrate its investments in a particular sector or sectors or industry or group of industries to the extent that the index concentrates in a particular sector or sectors or industry or group of industries.
MVIS® Global Junior Gold Miners Index
The MVIS® Global Junior Gold Miners Index, which we also refer to in this description as the “index”:
• | is an equity index, and therefore cannot be invested in directly; |
• | does not file reports with the SEC because it is not an issuer; |
• | was first launched on August 31, 2009 with a base value of 1,000 as of December 31, 2003; |
• | is calculated by Solactive AG (the “index calculation agent”); and |
• | is maintained by MV Index Solutions GmbH (the “index sponsor”), a wholly owned subsidiary of Van Eck. |
The index tracks the performance of the global gold and silver mining small-cap segment. This includes companies with at least 50% (25% for current components) of their revenues from gold
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mining/royalties/streaming and/or silver mining/royalties/streaming or with mining projects that have the potential to generate at least 50% of their revenues from gold and/or silver when developed. Each security included in the index will be subject to a weighting scheme that limits the weight that could be assigned to a single component to 8% while at the same time ensuring that larger companies will have a greater weight in the index than smaller companies, as further described below. Additional information regarding the index may be obtained from the following website: mvis-indices.com/indices/hard-asset/mvis-global-junior-gold-miners/specifications. We are not incorporating by reference the website or any material it includes in this pricing supplement.
The index universe includes only common stocks and stocks with similar characteristics from financial markets that are freely investable for foreign investors and that provide real-time and historical component and currency pricing. Limited Partnerships (LPs) are excluded. Companies from financial markets that are not freely investable for foreign investors or that do not provide real-time and historical component and currency pricing may still be eligible if they have a listing on an eligible exchange and if they meet all the size and liquidity requirements on this exchange. Due to investment restrictions in Bahrain, China (domestic market), India, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates and Vietnam, listings on these exchanges are not eligible for the index. If a company with a listing in one of the above mentioned countries has another listing on an eligible foreign exchange that meets all investability, size and liquidity requirements, this listing will be eligible for the index. Only stocks that have a market capitalization exceeding $50 million are eligible for the index universe.
Only companies with a free-float of 5% or more for existing index constituents or 10% or more for new constituents are eligible for inclusion. Only one share line of each company is eligible. Where more than one share line fulfills the size and liquidity rules of the index, only the largest share line by free-float market capitalization is eligible. The index sponsor can, in exceptional cases (e.g., significantly higher liquidity), select a different share line.
Stocks that are not currently included in the index must meet the following size and liquidity requirements:
• | Full market capitalization exceeding $150 million; |
• | a three-month average daily trading volume of at least $1 million at the current review and also at the previous two reviews; and |
• | at least 250,000 shares traded per month over the last six months at the current review and also at the previous two reviews. |
Stocks that are currently included in the index must meet the following size and liquidity requirements:
• | Full market capitalization exceeding $75 million; |
• | a three-month average daily trading volume of at least $200,000 in at least two of the latest three quarters (the current review and the previous two reviews); |
• | (a) a three-month average daily trading volume of at least $600,000 at the current review or at one of the previous two reviews; or (b) at least 200,000 shares traded per month over the last six months at the current review and also at the previous two reviews. |
In case the number of investable stocks drops below the minimum component number for the index, additional companies are flagged eligible by the index sponsor until the number of eligible stocks equals the minimum component count.
In case the free-float market capitalization of a non-component share line (a) exceeds the free-float market capitalization of a share line of the same company which is an index component by at least 25%, and (b) fulfills all size and liquidity eligibility criteria for non-components, the current component share line will be replaced by the larger one. The index sponsor can, in exceptional cases (e.g. significantly higher liquidity), decide to keep the current share line instead.
The index sponsor seeks to achieve diversification by assigning weights to components which cannot exceed 8% but still ensure that larger companies will have a greater weight in the index than smaller companies:
1. | All companies are ranked by their free-float market capitalization as described under “Calculation of the Total Return Net of the Index” below. The maximum weight for any single stock is 8%. If a stock exceeds the maximum weight, then the weight will be reduced to the maximum weight and the excess |
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weight shall be redistributed proportionally across all other index constituents. This process is repeated until no stocks have weights exceeding the respective maximum weight |
2. | The 8%-cap weighting scheme will be applied to the largest stocks and the excess weight after each step shall be redistributed across all other (uncapped) stocks in the index on a proportional basis: |
| a. | If the largest two stocks exceed 8%, both will be capped at 8%. |
| b. | If the 3rd largest stock exceeds 7%, it will be capped at 7%. |
| c. | If the 4th largest stock exceeds 6.5%, it will be capped at 6.5%. |
| d. | If the 5th largest stock exceeds 6%, it will be capped at 6%. |
| e. | If the 6th largest stock exceeds 5.5%, it will be capped at 5.5%. |
| f. | If the 7th largest stock exceeds 5%, it will be capped at 5%. |
| g. | If any other stock exceeds 4.5%, it will be capped at 4.5%. |
In addition, the maximum weight of any silver stock in the index will be capped at 4.5%. If at a quarterly review the weight of all silver stocks in the index exceeds 20% of the index, a sector-weighting cap factor is applied to ensure that the aggregated weighting of all gold stocks will not be less than 80% of the index.
The components of the index are reviewed on a quarterly basis. The review procedure is as follows:
| 1. | Companies are valued by full market capitalization (all secondary lines are grouped). All companies (and not securities) are sorted by full market capitalization in descending order. |
| 2. | Companies covering the top 60% of the full market capitalization are excluded. Only companies ranking between 60% and 98% qualify for the selection. However, existing components ranking between 55% and 60% or 98% and 99% also qualify for the selection. |
| 3. | All companies which qualified in step 2 are now viewed as securities (companies with secondary lines are ungrouped and treated separately). Only securities that meet all requirements of the investable index universe are added to the index. |
| 4. | In case the number of eligible companies is below 25, additional companies are added by the index sponsor’s decision until the number of stocks equals 25. |
For all corporate events that result in a stock deletion from the index, the deleted stock will be replaced with the highest ranked non-component on the most recent replacement list immediately only if the number of components in the index would drop below 20. The replacement stock will be added at the same weight as the deleted stock. Only in case of a merger of two or more index components, the replacement stock will be added with its uncapped free-float market capitalization weight. In all other cases, i.e. there is no replacement, the additional weight resulting from the deletion will be redistributed proportionally across all other index constituents.
The index is calculated weekdays between 01:00 and 22:40 (Central European Time) and the index values are disseminated to data vendors every 15 seconds on days when either the US equity market is open for trading or at least one of the index components is available for trading. The index is disseminated in USD.
The review for the index is based on the closing data on the last business day in February, May, August and November. If a company does not trade on the last business day in February, May, August or November, the last available price for the company will be used. A “business day” means any day (other than a Saturday or Sunday) on which commercial banks and foreign exchange markets settle payments in Frankfurt. The underlying index data (e.g., new number of shares, new free-float factors and new weighting cap factors) is announced on the second Friday in a quarter-end month (i.e., March, June, September and December). The weighting cap factors are based on closing data of the Wednesday prior to the second Friday in a quarter-end month. Changes are implemented and based on the closing prices of the third Friday of every quarter-end month (i.e. March, June, September and December). Changes will be implemented and based on the closing prices of the third Friday of every quarter-end month (i.e. March, June, September and December). If the third Friday is not a business day, the review will take place on the last business day before the third Friday. If a company does not trade on the third Friday of a quarter-end month, then the last available price for the company will be used. Changes become effective on the next business day.
The ETF tracks the performance of the total return net version of the index, in which regular cash dividends less withholding taxes are reinvested across the index on the dividend ex-date. A total return
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net index represents the total return net earned in a portfolio that tracks the price index and reinvests dividend income less withholding taxes in the overall index, not in the specific stock paying the dividend. The difference between the price return calculation and the total return net calculation is that, with respect to the price return calculation, changes in the index level reflect changes in stock prices, whereas with respect to the total return net calculation of the index, changes in the index level reflect both movements in stock prices and the reinvestment of dividend income less withholding taxes. Notwithstanding the ETF’s investment objective, the return on your notes will not reflect any dividends paid on the ETF shares, on the securities purchased by the ETF or on the securities that comprise the index.
Calculation of the Total Return Net of the Index
The total return net calculation begins with the price return of the index. The value of the price return index on any day for which an index value is published is determined by a fraction, the numerator of which is the aggregate product of the market price of each stock in the index, the number of shares of such stock included in the index, the free float factor (discussed below) and the weighting cap factor (if applicable) and the denominator of which is the divisor, which is described more fully below. To calculate the total return net version of the index, cash dividends less withholding taxes are reinvested across the index on the dividend ex-date as described below under “Corporate Action Related Adjustments – Cash Dividend”.
The index is calculated using a free float factor because the index is free-float adjusted, meaning that the market capitalization of an index stock is adjusted to exclude closely held shares (i.e., block ownership larger than 5% of the company’s full market capitalization) from the index calculation. At times, other adjustments are made to the share count to reflect foreign ownership limits or sanctions. These are combined with the block-ownership adjustments into a single free float factor (although double counting is avoided). Free-float factors are reviewed quarterly.
The exclusion is accomplished by calculating a “free float factor” for each stock that is part of the numerator of the float-adjusted index fraction described above.
Maintenance of the Index
In order to keep the index comparable over time the index has an index maintenance process.
Changes to Free-Float Factors and Number of Shares
Changes to the number of shares or the free-float factors due to corporate actions like stock dividends, splits, rights issues, spin-offs etc. are implemented immediately and will be effective the next trading day (i.e. the ex-date). Simple share/float changes are implemented after a 3-day notice period.
Initial Public Offerings (IPOs) and Spin-Offs
An IPO stock or a newly spun-off company is eligible for fast-track addition to the index either at the following quarterly/semi-annual review, if it has been trading since at least the last trading day of the month prior to the review snapshot dates (i.e., the last trading day in February, May, August or November), or, if not, at the next following quarterly/semi-annual review. In order to be eligible as an index constituent, the following size and liquidity requirements must be met by the IPO or newly spun-off company:
• | a full market capitalization exceeding $150 million; |
• | a free-float factor of at least 10%; |
• | an average daily trading volume of at least $1 million; and |
• | traded at least 250,000 shares per month (or per 22 days). |
Each spin-off stock is immediately added to the index for at least two trading days, if traded on its ex-date. If a spin-off company is not eligible for the index, it will be removed based on its closing price. Shares and floats of the surviving companies are adjusted according to the terms of the spin-off.
Changes due to Mergers & Takeovers
A merger or takeover is deemed successful if it has been declared wholly unconditional and has received approval of all regulatory agencies with jurisdiction over the transaction. The result of a merger or takeover is typically one surviving stock and one or more non-surviving stocks that may not necessarily be de-listed from the respective trading system(s).
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If an index component merges with or takes over another index component, the surviving stock remains in the index and the other stock is deleted immediately from the index. Its shares and float are adjusted according to the terms of the merger/takeover. The index market capitalization of the merged company corresponds to the market capitalization of the two separate companies.
If an index component merges with or takes over a non-index component, (a) if the surviving stock meets the index requirements, it will remain in the index and its shares (if the share change is greater than 10%) and float will be adjusted according to the terms of the merger/takeover; or (b) if the surviving stock does not meet the index requirements, it will be deleted immediately from the index.
If a non-index component merges with or takes over an index component, (a) if the surviving stock meets the index requirements, it will be added to the index, its shares (if the share change is greater than 10%) and float will be adjusted according to the terms of the merger/takeover and it will replace the current index component; or (b) if the surviving stock does not meet the index requirements, it will not be added to the index and the current index component will be deleted immediately from the index.
Corporate Action Related Adjustments
Corporate Action | Divisor Change? |
Cash dividend Adjusted stock price = stock price – (dividend * (1 – withholding tax)) | Yes |
Special cash dividend Adjusted stock price = stock price – (dividend * (1 – withholding tax)) | Yes |
Stock split Shareholders receive ‘B’ new shares for every ‘A’ share held. Adjusted stock price = stock price * A / B Adjusted number of shares = number of shares * B / A | No |
Rights offering Shareholders receive ‘B’ new shares for every ‘A’ share held. If the subscription price is either not available or not smaller than the closing price, no adjustment will be made. Adjusted stock price = ((stock price * A) + (subscription price * B)) / (A + B) Adjusted number of shares = number of shares * (A + B) / A | Yes |
Stock dividend Shareholders receive ‘B’ new shares for every ‘A’ share held. Adjusted stock price = stock price * A / (A + B) Adjusted number of shares = number of shares * (A + B) / A | No |
Stock dividend from treasury Stock dividends from treasury are adjusted as ordinary or special cash dividends. Shareholders receive ‘B’ new shares for every ‘A’ share held. Adjusted stock price = stock price – (stock price * B) / (A + B) | Yes |
Stock dividend of a different company security Shareholders receive ‘B’ shares of a different company for every ‘A’ share held. Adjusted stock price = ((stock price * A) – (price of different security * B)) / A | Yes |
Spin-offs Shareholders receive ‘B’ new shares for every ‘A’ share held. Adjusted stock price = ((stock price * A) – (price of spun-off company * B)) / A | Yes |
Addition/Deletion of a company Net change in market value determines the divisor adjustment. | Yes |
Changes in shares outstanding Any secondary issuance, share repurchase, buy back, tender offer, Dutch auction, exchange offer, bought deal equity offering or prospectus offering will be updated at the quarterly review if the change is smaller than 10%. Changes larger than 10% will be pre-announced (with three trading days’ notice) and implemented on a best efforts basis. If necessary and information is available, resulting float changes will be taken into consideration. Share changes will not be implemented in the week between review announcement and implementation. | Yes |
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Changes due to a merger/takeover/spin-off Net change in free-float market value determines the divisor adjustment. In case of no change, the divisor change is zero. | Yes |
With corporate actions where cash dividends or other corporate assets are distributed to shareholders, the price of the stock will drop on the ex-dividend day (the first day when a new shareholder is eligible to receive the distribution). The effect of the divisor adjustment is to prevent this price drop from causing a corresponding drop in the index.
Corporate actions are announced at least four days prior to implementation.
For each stock the pricing from the respective home market is used. In cases where ADRs, GDRs or similar products, or a secondary listing exist either on an exchange in the US or in the UK, the alternative price source is used (instead of the home market price source) if it meets the following requirements:
| • | a three-month average-daily-trading volume of at least $1 million at the current review and also at the previous two reviews, and |
| • | at least 250,000 shares traded per month over the last six months at the current review and also at the previous two reviews. |
If composite country volume data exists, it is used to identify the investable index universe; once a company has qualified for the investable index universe, the most liquid single exchange price source within the country is selected. If more than one price source meets the liquidity requirements, the prices will be selected in the following order: (a) US price source, (b) UK price source - London Stock Exchange International Order Book (IOB) only, and (c) home-market price source. Once the price source is switched to the alternative price source, the alternative price source is used as long as it meets the standard liquidity requirements. The Index Owner can, in exceptional cases, assign alternative pricing sources.
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Historical Closing Levels of the Underliers
The closing levels of the underliers have fluctuated in the past and may, in the future, experience significant fluctuations. In particular, the underliers have recently experienced extreme and unusual volatility. Any historical upward or downward trend in the closing level of any underlier during the period shown below is not an indication that such underlier is more or less likely to increase or decrease at any time during the life of your notes.
You should not take the historical closing levels of an underlier as an indication of the future performance of an underlier, including because of the recent volatility described above. We cannot give you any assurance that the future performance of any underlier or the underlier stocks will result in you receiving the outstanding face amount of your notes on the stated maturity date.
Neither we nor any of our affiliates make any representation to you as to the performance of the underliers. Before investing in the offered notes, you should consult publicly available information to determine the relevant underlier levels between the date of this pricing supplement and the date of your purchase of the offered notes and, given the recent volatility described above, you should pay particular attention to recent levels of the underliers. The actual performance of an underlier over the life of the offered notes, as well as the cash settlement amount at maturity may bear little relation to the historical levels shown below.
The graphs below show the daily historical closing levels of each underlier from January 1, 2017 through June 10, 2022. As a result, the following graphs do not reflect the global financial crisis which began in 2008, which had a materially negative impact on the price of most equity securities and, as a result, the level of most equity indices and most equity ETFs. We obtained the levels in the graphs below from Bloomberg Financial Services, without independent verification. Although the official closing levels of the Russell 2000® Value Index are published to six decimal places by its underlier sponsor, Bloomberg Financial Services reports the levels of the Russell 2000® Value Index to fewer decimal places.
Historical Performance of the S&P 500® Index
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Historical Performance of the Russell 2000® Value Index
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Historical Performance of the VanEck Junior Gold Miners ETF
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SUPPLEMENTAL DISCUSSION OF U.S. FEDERAL INCOME TAX CONSEQUENCES
The following section supplements the discussion of U.S. federal income taxation in the accompanying prospectus supplement.
The following section is the opinion of Sidley Austin llp, counsel to GS Finance Corp. and The Goldman Sachs Group, Inc. In addition, it is the opinion of Sidley Austin llp that the characterization of the notes for U.S. federal income tax purposes that will be required under the terms of the notes, as discussed below, is a reasonable interpretation of current law.
This section does not apply to you if you are a member of a class of holders subject to special rules, such as:
• | a dealer in securities or currencies; |
• | a trader in securities that elects to use a mark-to-market method of accounting for your securities holdings; |
• | a bank; |
• | a life insurance company; |
• | a tax exempt organization; |
• | a partnership; |
• | a regulated investment company; |
• | an accrual method taxpayer subject to special tax accounting rules as a result of its use of financial statements; |
• | a person that owns a note as a hedge or that is hedged against interest rate risks; |
• | a person that owns a note as part of a straddle or conversion transaction for tax purposes; or |
• | a United States holder (as defined below) whose functional currency for tax purposes is not the U.S. dollar. |
Although this section is based on the U.S. Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, its legislative history, existing and proposed regulations under the Internal Revenue Code, published rulings and court decisions, all as currently in effect, no statutory, judicial or administrative authority directly addresses how your notes should be treated for U.S. federal income tax purposes, and as a result, the U.S. federal income tax consequences of your investment in your notes are uncertain. Moreover, these laws are subject to change, possibly on a retroactive basis.
You should consult your tax advisor concerning the U.S. federal income tax and any other applicable tax consequences of your investments in the notes, including the application of state, local or other tax laws and the possible effects of changes in federal or other tax laws. |
|
United States Holders
This section applies to you only if you are a United States holder that holds your notes as a capital asset for tax purposes. You are a United States holder if you are a beneficial owner of each of your notes and you are:
• | a citizen or resident of the United States; |
• | a domestic corporation; |
• | an estate whose income is subject to U.S. federal income tax regardless of its source; or |
• | a trust if a United States court can exercise primary supervision over the trust’s administration and one or more United States persons are authorized to control all substantial decisions of the trust. |
Tax Treatment. You will be obligated pursuant to the terms of the notes — in the absence of a change in law, an administrative determination or a judicial ruling to the contrary — to characterize your notes for all tax purposes as pre-paid derivative contracts in respect of the underliers. Except as otherwise stated below, the discussion herein assumes that the notes will be so treated.
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Upon the sale, exchange or maturity of your notes, you should recognize capital gain or loss equal to the difference, if any, between the amount of cash you receive at such time and your tax basis in your notes. Your tax basis in the notes will generally be equal to the amount that you paid for the notes. If you hold your notes for more than one year, the gain or loss generally will be long-term capital gain or loss. If you hold your notes for one year or less, the gain or loss generally will be short-term capital gain or loss. Short-term capital gains are generally subject to tax at the marginal tax rates applicable to ordinary income.
In addition, the constructive ownership rules of Section 1260 of the Internal Revenue Code could possibly apply to all or a portion of your notes. If all or a portion of your notes were subject to the constructive ownership rules, then all or a portion of any long-term capital gain that you realize upon the sale, exchange or maturity of your notes would be re-characterized as ordinary income (and you would be subject to an interest charge on deferred tax liability with respect to such re-characterized capital gain) to the extent that such capital gain exceeds the amount of “net underlying long-term capital gain” (as defined in Section 1260 of the Internal Revenue Code). Because the application of the constructive ownership rules is unclear you are strongly urged to consult your tax advisor with respect to the possible application of the constructive ownership rules to your investment in the notes.
No statutory, judicial or administrative authority directly discusses how your notes should be treated for U.S. federal income tax purposes. As a result, the U.S. federal income tax consequences of your investment in the notes are uncertain and alternative characterizations are possible. Accordingly, we urge you to consult your tax advisor in determining the tax consequences of an investment in your notes in your particular circumstances, including the application of state, local or other tax laws and the possible effects of changes in federal or other tax laws.
Alternative Treatments. There is no judicial or administrative authority discussing how your notes should be treated for U.S. federal income tax purposes. Therefore, the Internal Revenue Service might assert that a treatment other than that described above is more appropriate. For example, the Internal Revenue Service could treat your notes as a single debt instrument subject to special rules governing contingent payment debt instruments. Under those rules, the amount of interest you are required to take into account for each accrual period would be determined by constructing a projected payment schedule for the notes and applying rules similar to those for accruing original issue discount on a hypothetical noncontingent debt instrument with that projected payment schedule. This method is applied by first determining the comparable yield – i.e., the yield at which we would issue a noncontingent fixed rate debt instrument with terms and conditions similar to your notes – and then determining a payment schedule as of the issue date that would produce the comparable yield. These rules may have the effect of requiring you to include interest in income in respect of your notes prior to your receipt of cash attributable to that income.
If the rules governing contingent payment debt instruments apply, any gain you recognize upon the sale, exchange or maturity of your notes would be treated as ordinary interest income. Any loss you recognize at that time would be ordinary loss to the extent of interest you included as income in the current or previous taxable years in respect of your notes, and, thereafter, capital loss.
If the rules governing contingent payment debt instruments apply, special rules would apply to a person who purchases notes at a price other than the adjusted issue price as determined for tax purposes.
It is also possible that your notes could be treated in the manner described above, except that any gain or loss that you recognize at maturity would be treated as ordinary gain or loss. You should consult your tax advisor as to the tax consequences of such characterization and any possible alternative characterizations of your notes for U.S. federal income tax purposes.
It is possible that the Internal Revenue Service could seek to characterize your notes in a manner that results in tax consequences to you that are different from those described above. You should consult your tax advisor as to the tax consequences of any possible alternative characterizations of your notes for U.S. federal income tax purposes.
Possible Change in Law
On December 7, 2007, the Internal Revenue Service released a notice stating that the Internal Revenue Service and the Treasury Department are actively considering issuing guidance regarding the proper U.S. federal income tax treatment of an instrument such as the offered notes, including whether holders should be required to accrue ordinary income on a current basis and whether gain or loss should be ordinary or capital. It is not possible to determine what guidance they will ultimately issue, if any. It is possible, however, that under such guidance, holders of the notes will ultimately be required to accrue income currently and this could be applied on a retroactive basis. The Internal Revenue Service and the Treasury Department are also considering other relevant issues, including whether foreign holders of such instruments should be subject to withholding tax on any deemed income accruals and whether the special “constructive ownership rules” of Section 1260 of the Internal Revenue Code might be
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applied to such instruments. Except to the extent otherwise provided by law, we intend to continue treating the notes for U.S. federal income tax purposes in accordance with the treatment described above under “Tax Treatment” unless and until such time as Congress, the Treasury Department or the Internal Revenue Service determine that some other treatment is more appropriate.
Furthermore, in 2007, legislation was introduced in Congress that, if enacted, would have required holders that acquired instruments such as your notes after the bill was enacted to accrue interest income over the term of such instruments even though there will be no interest payments over the term of such instruments. It is not possible to predict whether a similar or identical bill will be enacted in the future, or whether any such bill would affect the tax treatment of your notes.
It is impossible to predict what any such legislation or administrative or regulatory guidance might provide, and whether the effective date of any legislation or guidance will affect notes that were issued before the date that such legislation or guidance is issued. You are urged to consult your tax advisor as to the possibility that any legislative or administrative action may adversely affect the tax treatment of your notes.
Backup Withholding and Information Reporting
You will be subject to generally applicable information reporting and backup withholding requirements as discussed in the accompanying prospectus under “United States Taxation — Taxation of Debt Securities — Backup Withholding and Information Reporting — United States Holders” with respect to payments on your notes and, notwithstanding that we do not intend to treat the notes as debt for tax purposes, we intend to backup withhold on such payments with respect to your notes unless you comply with the requirements necessary to avoid backup withholding on debt instruments (in which case you will not be subject to such backup withholding) as set forth under “United States Taxation — Taxation of Debt Securities — United States Holders” in the accompanying prospectus. Please see the discussion under “United States Taxation — Taxation of Debt Securities — Backup Withholding and Information Reporting—United States Holders” in the accompanying prospectus for a description of the applicability of the backup withholding and information reporting rules to payments made on your notes.
Non-United States Holders
This section applies to you only if you are a non-United States holder. You are a non-United States holder if you are the beneficial owner of notes and are, for U.S. federal income tax purposes:
• | a nonresident alien individual; |
• | a foreign corporation; or |
• | an estate or trust that in either case is not subject to U.S. federal income tax on a net income basis on income or gain from the notes. |
You will be subject to generally applicable information reporting and backup withholding requirements as discussed in the accompanying prospectus under “United States Taxation — Taxation of Debt Securities — Backup Withholding and Information Reporting — Non-United States Holders” with respect to payments on your notes at maturity and, notwithstanding that we do not intend to treat the notes as debt for tax purposes, we intend to backup withhold on such payments with respect to your notes unless you comply with the requirements necessary to avoid backup withholding on debt instruments (in which case you will not be subject to such backup withholding) as set forth under “United States Taxation — Taxation of Debt Securities — Non-United States Holders” in the accompanying prospectus.
As discussed above, alternative characterizations of the notes for U.S. federal income tax purposes are possible. Should an alternative characterization of the notes, by reason of a change or clarification of the law, by regulation or otherwise, cause payments at maturity with respect to the notes to become subject to withholding tax, we will withhold tax at the applicable statutory rate and we will not make payments of any additional amounts. Prospective non-United States holders of the notes should consult their tax advisors in this regard.
Furthermore, on December 7, 2007, the Internal Revenue Service released Notice 2008-2 soliciting comments from the public on various issues, including whether instruments such as your notes should be subject to withholding. It is therefore possible that rules will be issued in the future, possibly with retroactive effect, that would cause payments on your notes to be subject to withholding, even if you comply with certification requirements as to your foreign status.
In addition, the Treasury Department has issued regulations under which amounts paid or deemed paid on certain financial instruments (“871(m) financial instruments”) that are treated as attributable to U.S.-source dividends could be treated, in whole or in part depending on the circumstances, as a “dividend equivalent” payment that is subject to tax at a rate of 30% (or a lower rate under an applicable treaty), which in the case of any amounts you receive
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upon the sale, exchange or maturity of your notes, could be collected via withholding. If these regulations were to apply to the notes, we may be required to withhold such taxes if any U.S.-source dividends are paid on the ETF or on the stocks included in the S&P 500® Index and the Russell 2000® Value Index during the term of the notes. We could also require you to make certifications (e.g., an applicable Internal Revenue Service Form W-8) prior to the maturity of the notes in order to avoid or minimize withholding obligations, and we could withhold accordingly (subject to your potential right to claim a refund from the Internal Revenue Service) if such certifications were not received or were not satisfactory. If withholding was required, we would not be required to pay any additional amounts with respect to amounts so withheld. These regulations generally will apply to 871(m) financial instruments (or a combination of financial instruments treated as having been entered into in connection with each other) issued (or significantly modified and treated as retired and reissued) on or after January 1, 2023, but will also apply to certain 871(m) financial instruments (or a combination of financial instruments treated as having been entered into in connection with each other) that have a delta (as defined in the applicable Treasury regulations) of one and are issued (or significantly modified and treated as retired and reissued) on or after January 1, 2017. In addition, these regulations will not apply to financial instruments that reference a “qualified index” (as defined in the regulations). We have determined that, as of the issue date of your notes, your notes will not be subject to withholding under these rules. In certain limited circumstances, however, you should be aware that it is possible for non-United States holders to be liable for tax under these rules with respect to a combination of transactions treated as having been entered into in connection with each other even when no withholding is required. You should consult your tax advisor concerning these regulations, subsequent official guidance and regarding any other possible alternative characterizations of your notes for U.S. federal income tax purposes.
Foreign Account Tax Compliance Act (FATCA) Withholding
Pursuant to Treasury regulations, Foreign Account Tax Compliance Act (FATCA) withholding (as described in “United States Taxation—Taxation of Debt Securities—Foreign Account Tax Compliance Act (FATCA) Withholding” in the accompanying prospectus) will generally apply to obligations that are issued on or after July 1, 2014; therefore, the notes will generally be subject to the FATCA withholding rules.
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Supplemental plan of distribution; conflicts of interest
See “Supplemental Plan of Distribution” on page S-49 of the accompanying general terms supplement no. 2,913 and “Plan of Distribution — Conflicts of Interest” on page 129 of the accompanying prospectus. GS Finance Corp. estimates that its share of the total offering expenses, excluding underwriting discounts and commissions, will be approximately $ .
GS Finance Corp. will sell to GS&Co., and GS&Co. will purchase from GS Finance Corp., the aggregate face amount of the offered notes specified on the front cover of this pricing supplement. GS&Co. proposes initially to offer the notes to the public at the original issue price set forth on the cover page of this pricing supplement, and to certain securities dealers at such price less a concession not in excess of % of the face amount. The original issue price for notes purchased by certain retirement accounts and certain fee-based advisory accounts will be % of the face amount of the notes, which will reduce the underwriting discount specified on the cover of this pricing supplement with respect to such notes to %. GS&Co. is an affiliate of GS Finance Corp. and The Goldman Sachs Group, Inc. and, as such, will have a “conflict of interest” in this offering of notes within the meaning of Financial Industry Regulatory Authority, Inc. (FINRA) Rule 5121. Consequently, this offering of notes will be conducted in compliance with the provisions of FINRA Rule 5121. GS&Co. will not be permitted to sell notes in this offering to an account over which it exercises discretionary authority without the prior specific written approval of the account holder. We have been advised that GS&Co. will also pay a fee in connection with the distribution of the notes to SIMON Markets LLC, a broker-dealer affiliated with GS Finance Corp.
We expect to deliver the notes against payment therefor in New York, New York on June 24, 2022. Under Rule 15c6-1 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, trades in the secondary market generally are required to settle in two business days, unless the parties to any such trade expressly agree otherwise. Accordingly, purchasers who wish to trade notes on any date prior to two business days before delivery will be required to specify alternative settlement arrangements to prevent a failed settlement.
We have been advised by GS&Co. that it intends to make a market in the notes. However, neither GS&Co. nor any of our other affiliates that makes a market is obligated to do so and any of them may stop doing so at any time without notice. No assurance can be given as to the liquidity or trading market for the notes.
The notes will not be listed on any securities exchange or interdealer quotation system.
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We have not authorized anyone to provide any information or to make any representations other than those contained or incorporated by reference in this pricing supplement, the accompanying general terms supplement no. 2,913, the accompanying May 2022 Russell 2000® Value Index supplement, the accompanying underlier supplement no. 27, the accompanying prospectus supplement or the accompanying prospectus. We take no responsibility for, and can provide no assurance as to the reliability of, any other information that others may give you. This pricing supplement, the accompanying general terms supplement no. 2,913, the accompanying May 2022 Russell 2000® Value Index supplement, the accompanying underlier supplement no. 27, the accompanying prospectus supplement and the accompanying prospectus is an offer to sell only the notes offered hereby, but only under circumstances and in jurisdictions where it is lawful to do so. The information contained in this pricing supplement, the accompanying general terms supplement no. 2,913, the accompanying May 2022 Russell 2000® Value Index supplement, the accompanying underlier supplement no. 27, the accompanying prospectus supplement and the accompanying prospectus is current only as of the respective dates of such documents.
$
GS Finance Corp.
Underlier-Linked Notes due
guaranteed by
The Goldman Sachs
Group, Inc.
Goldman Sachs & Co. LLC