Material Accounting Policy Information (Policies) | 12 Months Ended |
Dec. 31, 2023 |
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies [Abstract] | |
New IFRS Accounting Standards Pronouncements | New IFRS Accounting Standards Pronouncements Amendments to IFRS 9, IAS 39, IFRS 7, IFRS 4 and IFRS 16 – Interest Rate Benchmark Reform – Phase 2 In August 2020, the IASB issued amendments to IFRS 9, Financial Instruments (IFRS 9), IAS 39, Financial Instruments: Recognition and Measurement , IFRS 7, Financial Instruments: Disclosures , IFRS 4, Insurance Contracts and IFRS 16, Leases as a result of Phase 2 of the IASB’s Interest Rate Benchmark Reform project. The amendments address issues arising in connection with reform of benchmark interest rates, including the replacement of one benchmark rate with an alternative one. The amendments were effective January 1, 2021. Term Secured Overnight Financing Rate (Term SOFR) was formally recommended by the Alternative Reference Rates Committee (a committee convened by the U.S. Federal Reserve Board) as the recommended fallback for USD London Interbank Offered Rate (LIBOR) based loans. Term SOFR is expected to be largely equivalent on an economic basis to LIBOR, allowing for use of the practical expedient under IFRS 9. Our Quebrada Blanca Phase 2 project (QB2) financing facility, Compañía Minera Antamina S.A. (Antamina) loan agreement and QB2 advances from Sumitomo Metal Mining Co., Ltd. and Sumitomo Corporation (together referred to as SMM/SC) are our most significant financial instruments that were exposed to LIBOR. We transitioned our sustainability-linked revolving credit facility to Term SOFR in 2022. This did not affect our financial statements as this credit facility remains undrawn. We transitioned the remaining financial instruments that used LIBOR settings to Term SOFR in the second quarter of 2023. The transition did not result in a significant change to our financial statements, our interest rate risk management strategy or our interest rate risk. 2. Basis of Preparation and New IFRS Accounting Standards Pronouncements (continued) Amendment to IAS 1 and IFRS Practice Statement 2 – Disclosure of Accounting Policies We adopted the amendments to IAS 1, Presentation of Financial Statements (IAS 1) on January 1, 2023 with prospective application. The amendments to IAS 1 replace the requirement to disclose “significant” accounting policies with a requirement to disclose “material” accounting policies. The adoption of these amendments has been reflected in the accounting policy information disclosed. We also referenced the amended IFRS Practice Statement 2 Making Materiality Judgements in application of the amendments to IAS 1. Amendments to IAS 7 and IFRS 7 – Supplier Finance Arrangements In May 2023, the IASB issued amendments to IAS 7, Statement of Cash Flows and IFRS 7, Financial Instruments: Disclosures to provide guidance on disclosures related to supplier finance arrangements that enable users of financial statements to assess the effects of these arrangements on the entity’s liabilities and cash flows and on the entity’s exposure to liquidity risk. The amendments are effective for annual periods beginning on or after January 1, 2024, with early adoption permitted. We have chosen to early adopt these amendments effective for annual reporting periods beginning on or after January 1, 2023. The adoption of these amendments did not have a material effect on our annual financial statements. Amendments to IAS 12 – International Tax Reform – Pillar Two Model Rules In May 2023, the IASB issued amendments to IAS 12, Income Taxes (IAS 12), to clarify the application of IAS 12 to income taxes arising from tax law enacted or substantively enacted to implement the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD)/G20 Inclusive Framework on Base Erosion and Profit Shifting (BEPS) Pillar Two Model rules. Effective immediately upon release, the amendments introduced a mandatory temporary exception to the accounting for deferred taxes arising from the implementation of Pillar Two Model rules which an entity must disclose if it has applied the exception. In addition, effective for annual reporting periods beginning on or after January 1, 2023, disclosure is required to help users of the entity’s financial statements to better understand the entity’s exposure to Pillar Two income taxes. In Canada, draft legislation to implement the Global Minimum Tax Act (GMTA) within the framework of the OECD’s Pillar Two Model rules was released in August 2023 for public consultation but as of December 31, 2023, the GMTA has not been substantively enacted. Based on Pillar Two legislation already enacted in the United Kingdom, Ireland, and Japan, where we have ancillary operations, there is no exposure to any material Pillar Two taxes. Amendments to IAS 1 – Presentation of Financial Statements In October 2022, the IASB issued amendments to IAS 1, Presentation of Financial Statements titled Non-current Liabilities with Covenants. These amendments sought to improve the information that an entity provides when its right to defer settlement of a liability is subject to compliance with covenants within 12 months after the reporting period. These amendments to IAS 1 override and incorporate the previous amendments, Classification of Liabilities as Current or Non-current, issued in January 2020, which clarified that liabilities are classified as either current or non-current, depending on the rights that exist at the end of the reporting period. Liabilities should be classified as non-current if a company has a substantive right to defer settlement for at least 12 months at the end of the reporting period. The amendments are effective January 1, 2024, with early adoption permitted. Retrospective application is required on adoption. We do not expect these amendments to have a material effect on our financial statements. |
Basis of Presentation | Basis of Presentation Our consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Teck and all of its subsidiaries. Our significant operating subsidiaries include Teck Metals Ltd. (TML), Teck Alaska Incorporated (TAK), Teck Highland Valley Copper Partnership (Highland Valley Copper), Teck Coal Partnership (Teck Coal), Compañía Minera Teck Quebrada Blanca S.A. (QBSA or Quebrada Blanca) and Compañía Minera Teck Carmen de Andacollo (Carmen de Andacollo). All subsidiaries are entities that we control, either directly or indirectly. Certain of our business activities are conducted through joint arrangements. Our interests in joint operations include Galore Creek Partnership (Galore Creek, 50% share) in Canada; Antamina (22.5% share) in Peru; Minas de San Nicolás, S.A.P.I. de C.V. (San Nicolás, 91% share) in Mexico; and NewRange Copper Nickel LLC (NewRange, 50% share) in the U.S. We account for our interests in these joint operations by recording our share of the respective assets, liabilities, revenue, expenses and cash flows. We also have an interest in a joint venture, NuevaUnión SpA (NuevaUnión, 50% share) in Chile that we account for using the equity method (Note 16). During the year ended December 31, 2022, we determined that Fort Hills met the criteria to be considered as assets held for sale. We therefore classified the assets of Fort Hills as current assets held for sale, the liabilities of Fort Hills as current liabilities associated with assets held for sale and re-presented the operating results of Fort Hills as a single line item of loss from discontinued operations on the statement of income (Note 5). The transaction closed on February 2, 2023. All dollar amounts are presented in Canadian dollars unless otherwise specified. |
Interests in Joint Arrangements | Interests in Joint Operations and Joint Ventures We are party to joint arrangements where we have joint control, which is when decisions about the activities that significantly affect the returns of the investee require unanimous consent of the parties sharing control. We have joint arrangements structured through separate vehicles and classified as joint operations, where the parties have rights to the assets and obligations for the liabilities relating to the arrangement. In these instances, we assessed the legal form of the separate vehicle, the terms of the contractual arrangement, and relevant other facts and circumstances. Regarding other facts and circumstances, we have determined that an arrangement is a joint operation if the arrangement is primarily designed for the provision of output to the parties, and that the liabilities incurred by the arrangement are, in substance, satisfied by the cash flows received from the parties through their purchases of the output. Joint operations are accounted for by recording our share of the respective assets, liabilities, revenue, expenses and cash flows. We also have a joint arrangement structured through a separate vehicle that is classified as a joint venture. Joint ventures are accounted for as investments using the equity method. (CAD$ in millions) NuevaUnión At January 1, 2022 $ 1,060 Contributions 4 Changes in foreign exchange rates 73 Share of profit 4 Other (2) At December 31, 2022 $ 1,139 Contributions 2 Changes in foreign exchange rates (27) Share of profit 2 At December 31, 2023 $ 1,116 |
Foreign Currency Translation | Foreign Currency Translation The functional currency of Teck, the parent entity, is the Canadian dollar, which is also the presentation currency of our consolidated financial statements. |
Revenue | Revenue Our revenue consists of sales of copper, zinc and lead concentrates, steelmaking coal, refined zinc, lead and silver. We also sell other by-products, including molybdenum concentrates, various refined specialty metals, chemicals and fertilizers. Our performance obligations relate primarily to the delivery of these products to our customers, with each separate shipment representing a separate performance obligation. Revenue, including revenue from the sale of by-products, is recognized at the point in time when the customer obtains control of the product. Control is achieved when a product is delivered to the customer, we have a present right to payment for the product, significant risks and rewards of ownership have transferred to the customer according to contract terms and there is no unfulfilled obligation that could affect the customer’s acceptance of the product. Base metal concentrates For copper, zinc and lead concentrates, control of the product generally transfers to the customer when an individual shipment parcel is loaded onto a carrier accepted by the customer. A minority of zinc concentrate sales are made on consignment. For consignment transactions, control of the product transfers to the customer and revenue is recognized at the time the product is consumed in the customer’s process. The majority of our metal concentrates are sold under pricing arrangements where final prices are determined by quoted market prices in a period subsequent to the date of sale. For these sales, revenue is recorded based on the estimated consideration to be received at the date of sale, with reference to relevant commodity market prices. Adjustments are made to settlement receivables in subsequent periods based on movements in quoted commodity prices up to the date of final pricing. This adjustment mechanism is based on the market price of the commodity and, accordingly, the changes in value of the settlement receivables are not considered to be revenue from contracts with customers. The changes in fair value of settlement receivables related to price changes are recorded in other operating income (expense). Metal concentrate sales are billed based on provisional weights and assays upon the passage of control to the customer. The first provisional invoice is billed to the customer at the time of transfer of control. As final prices, weights and assays are received, additional invoices are issued and cash is collected. In general, consideration is promptly collected from customers; however, the payment terms are customer-specific and subject to change based on market conditions and other factors. We generally retain title to these products until we receive the first contracted payment, which is typically received shortly after loading or shortly after arrival at the destination port, solely to manage the credit risk of the amounts due to us. This retention of title does not preclude the customer from obtaining control of the product. Steelmaking coal For steelmaking coal, control of the product generally transfers to the customer when an individual shipment parcel is loaded onto a carrier accepted by or directly contracted by the customer. For a majority of steelmaking coal sales, we are not responsible for the provision of shipping or product insurance after the transfer of control. For certain sales, we arrange shipping on behalf of our customers and are the agent to these shipping transactions. Steelmaking coal is sold under spot or average pricing contracts. For spot price contracts, pricing is final when revenue is recognized. For average pricing contracts, the final pricing is determined based on quoted steelmaking coal price assessments over a specific period. Control of the goods may transfer and revenue may be recognized before, during or subsequent to the period in which final average pricing is determined. For all steelmaking coal sales under average pricing contracts where pricing is not finalized when revenue is recognized, revenue is recorded based on estimated consideration to be received at the date of sale with reference to steelmaking coal price assessments. For average pricing contracts, adjustments are made to settlement receivables in subsequent periods based on published price assessments up to the date of final pricing. This adjustment mechanism is based on the market price of the commodity and, accordingly, the changes in value of the settlement receivables are not considered to be revenue from contracts with customers. The changes in fair value of settlement receivables are recorded in other operating income (expense). 3. Material Accounting Policy Information (continued) Steelmaking coal sales are billed based on final quality and quantity measures upon the passage of control to the customer. If pricing is not finalized when control of the product is transferred, a subsequent invoice is issued when pricing is finalized. The payment terms generally require prompt collection from customers; however, payment terms are customer-specific and subject to change based on market conditions and other factors. We generally retain title to these products until we receive the first contracted payment, which is typically received shortly after loading, solely to manage the credit risk of the amounts due to us. This retention of title does not preclude the customer from obtaining control of the product. Refined metals For sales of refined metals, control of the product transfers to the customer when the product is loaded onto a carrier accepted by the customer. For these products, loading generally coincides with the transfer of title. Our refined metals are sold under spot or average pricing contracts. For spot sales contracts, pricing is final when revenue is recognized. For refined metal sales contracts where pricing is not finalized when revenue is recognized, revenue is recorded based on the estimated consideration to be received at the date of sale with reference to commodity market prices. Adjustments are made to settlement receivables in subsequent periods based on movements in quoted commodity prices up to the date of final pricing. This adjustment mechanism is based on the market price of the commodity and, accordingly, the changes in value of the settlement receivables are not considered to be revenue from contracts with customers. The changes in fair value of settlement receivables are recorded in other operating income (expense). We sell a portion of our refined metals on commercial terms where we are responsible for providing freight services after the date at which control of the product passes to the customer. We are the principal to this freight performance obligation. Refined metal sales are billed based on final specification measures upon the passage of control to the customer. If pricing is not finalized when control of the product is transferred, a subsequent invoice is issued when pricing is finalized. In general, consideration is promptly collected from customers; however, the payment terms are customer-specific and subject to change based on market conditions and other factors. |
Financial Instruments | Financial Instruments Cash and cash equivalents Cash and cash equivalents include cash on account, demand deposits and money market investments with maturities from the date of acquisition of three months or less, which are readily convertible to known amounts of cash and are subject to insignificant changes in value. Cash is classified as a financial asset that is subsequently measured at amortized cost. Cash equivalents are classified as a financial asset that is subsequently measured at amortized cost, except for money market investments, which are classified as subsequently measured at fair value through profit (loss). Trade receivables Trade receivables relate to amounts owing from sales under our spot pricing contracts for steelmaking coal, refined metals, blended bitumen, chemicals and fertilizers. These receivables are non-interest bearing and are recognized at face amount, except when fair value is materially different, and are subsequently measured at amortized cost. Trade receivables recorded are net of lifetime expected credit losses. Settlement receivables Settlement receivables arise from base metal concentrate sales contracts and average pricing steelmaking coal contracts, where amounts receivable vary based on underlying commodity prices or steelmaking coal price assessments. Settlement receivables are classified as fair value through profit (loss) and are recorded at fair value at each reporting period based on quoted commodity prices or published price assessments up to the date of final pricing. The changes in fair value are recorded in other operating income (expense). 3. Material Accounting Policy Information (continued) Investments in marketable equity securities All of our investments in marketable equity securities are classified, at our election, as subsequently measured at fair value through other comprehensive income (loss). Investment transactions are recognized on the trade date, with transaction costs included in the underlying balance. Fair values are determined by reference to quoted market prices at the balance sheet date. When investments in marketable equity securities subsequently measured at fair value through other comprehensive income (loss) are disposed of, the cumulative gains and losses recognized in other comprehensive income (loss) are not recycled to profit (loss) and remain within equity. Dividends are recognized in profit (loss). These investments are not assessed for impairment. Investments in debt securities Investments in debt securities are classified as subsequently measured at fair value through other comprehensive income (loss) and recorded at fair value. Investment transactions are recognized on the trade date, with transaction costs included in the underlying balance. Fair values are determined by reference to quoted market prices at the balance sheet date. Unrealized gains and losses on debt securities are recognized in other comprehensive income (loss) until investments are disposed of and the cumulative gains and losses recognized in other comprehensive income (loss) are reclassified from equity to profit (loss) at that time. Loss allowances and interest income are recognized in profit (loss). Trade payables Trade payables are non-interest bearing if paid when due and are recognized at face amount, except when fair value is materially different. Trade payables are subsequently measured at amortized cost. Debt Debt is initially recorded at fair value, net of transaction costs. Debt is subsequently measured at amortized cost, calculated using the effective interest rate method. Derivative instruments Derivative instruments, including embedded derivatives in executory contracts or financial liability contracts, are classified as at fair value through profit (loss) and, accordingly, are recorded on the balance sheet at fair value. Unrealized gains and losses on derivatives not designated in a hedging relationship are recorded as part of other operating income (expense) or non-operating income (expense) in profit (loss) depending on the nature of the derivative. Fair values for derivative instruments are determined using inputs based on market conditions existing at the balance sheet date or settlement date of the derivative. Derivatives embedded in non-derivative contracts are recognized separately unless they are closely related to the host contract. Expected credit losses For trade receivables, we apply the simplified approach to determining expected credit losses, which requires expected lifetime losses to be recognized upon initial recognition of the receivables. Loss allowances on investments in debt securities are initially assessed based on the expected 12-month credit loss. At each reporting date, we assess whether the credit risk for our debt securities has increased significantly since initial recognition. If the credit risk has increased significantly since initial recognition, the loss allowance is adjusted to be based on the lifetime expected credit losses. Hedging For hedges of net investments in foreign operations, any foreign exchange gains or losses on the hedging instrument relating to the effective portion of the hedge are initially recorded in other comprehensive income (loss). Gains and losses are recognized in profit (loss) on the ineffective portion of the hedge, or when there is a disposition or partial disposition of a foreign operation being hedged. |
Inventories | Inventories Finished products, work in process, raw materials and supplies inventories are valued at the lower of weighted average cost and net realizable value. Work in process inventory includes inventory in the milling, smelting or refining process and stockpiled ore at mining operations. Raw materials include concentrates for use at smelting and refining operations. For work in process and finished product inventories, cost includes all direct costs incurred in production, including direct labour and materials, freight, depreciation and amortization and directly attributable overhead costs. Production stripping costs that are not capitalized are included in the cost of inventories as incurred. Depreciation and amortization of capitalized production stripping costs are included in the cost of inventory. For supplies inventories, cost includes acquisition, freight and other directly attributable costs. When our operations are producing at reduced levels, fixed overhead costs are only allocated to inventory based on normal production levels. When inventories have been written down to net realizable value, we make a new assessment of net realizable value in each subsequent period. If the circumstances that caused the write-down no longer exist, the remaining amount of the write-down on inventory not yet sold is reversed. We use both joint-product and by-product costing for work in process and finished product inventories. Joint-product costing is applied to primary products where the profitability of the operations is dependent upon the production of these products. Joint-product costing allocates total production costs based on the relative values of the products. By-product costing is used for products that are not the primary products produced by the operation. The by-products are allocated only the incremental costs of processes that are specific to the production of that product. |
Property, Plant and Equipment | Property, Plant and Equipment Land, buildings, plant and equipment Land is recorded at cost and buildings, plant and equipment are recorded at cost less accumulated depreciation and impairment losses. Cost includes the purchase price and the directly attributable costs to bring the assets to the location and condition necessary for them to be capable of operating in the manner intended by management. Depreciation of mobile equipment, buildings used for production and plant and processing equipment at our mining operations is calculated on a units-of-production basis. Depreciation of buildings not used for production and of plant and equipment at our smelting operations is calculated on a straight-line basis over the assets’ estimated useful lives. Where components of our assets have different useful lives, depreciation is calculated on each component separately. Depreciation commences when an asset is ready for its intended use. Estimates of remaining useful lives and residual values are reviewed annually. The expected useful lives of assets depreciated on a straight-line basis are as follows: • Buildings and equipment (not used for production) 1–50 years • Plant and equipment (smelting operations) 2–30 years Mineral properties and mine development costs The cost of acquiring and developing mineral properties or property rights, including pre-production waste rock stripping costs related to mine development and costs incurred during production to increase future output, are capitalized. Waste rock stripping costs incurred in the production phase of a surface mine are recorded as capitalized production stripping costs within property, plant and equipment when it is probable that the stripping activity will improve access to the orebody, when the component of the orebody or pit to which access has been improved can be identified and when the costs relating to the stripping activity can be measured reliably. When the actual waste-to-ore stripping ratio in a period is greater than the expected life-of-component waste-to-ore stripping ratio for that component, the excess is recorded as capitalized production stripping costs. 3. Material Accounting Policy Information (continued) Once available for use, mineral properties and mine development costs are depreciated on a units-of-production basis over the proven and probable reserves to which they relate. Since the stripping activity within a component of a mine improves access to the reserves of the same component, capitalized production stripping costs incurred during the production phase of a mine are depreciated on a units-of-production basis over the proven and probable reserves expected to be mined from the same component. Exploration and evaluation costs Property acquisition costs are capitalized. Other exploration and evaluation costs are capitalized if they relate to specific properties for which resources, as defined under National Instrument 43-101, Standards of Disclosure for Mineral Projects , exist or are near a specific property with a defined resource and it is expected that the expenditure can be recovered by future exploitation or sale. All other costs are recorded to profit (loss) in the year in which they are incurred. Capitalized exploration and evaluation costs are considered to be tangible assets. These assets are not depreciated, as they are not currently available for use. When proven and probable reserves are determined and development is approved, capitalized exploration and evaluation costs are reclassified to mineral properties within property, plant and equipment. Construction in progress Assets in the course of construction are capitalized as construction in progress. On completion, the cost of construction is transferred to the appropriate category of property, plant and equipment and depreciation commences when the asset is available for its intended use. Repairs and maintenance Repairs and maintenance costs, including shutdown maintenance costs, are recorded to expense as incurred, except when these repairs significantly extend the life of an asset or result in a significant operating improvement. In these instances, the portion of these repairs relating to the betterment is capitalized as part of plant and equipment. Borrowing costs Borrowing costs are capitalized at a rate based on our weighted average cost of borrowing or at the rate on the project-specific debt, as applicable. Borrowing costs are capitalized with the asset they relate to within mineral properties, land, buildings, plant and equipment, or construction in progress and are amortized over the useful life of the related asset. All other borrowing costs are expensed as incurred. Capitalization of borrowing costs begins when there are borrowings, when expenditures on the construction of the asset are incurred and when activities are undertaken to prepare the asset for its intended use. We stop capitalization of borrowing costs when substantially all of the activities necessary to prepare the qualifying asset for its intended use are complete. In situations where we need to suspend the construction of a qualifying asset for an extended period of time, we will suspend capitalization of borrowing costs, and restart capitalization when construction activities resume. Impairment and impairment reversal of non-current assets The carrying amounts of assets included in property, plant and equipment and intangible assets are reviewed for impairment whenever facts and circumstances indicate that the recoverable amounts may be less than the carrying amounts. If there are indicators of impairment, the recoverable amount of the asset is estimated in order to determine the extent of any impairment. Where the asset does not generate cash flows that are independent from other assets, the recoverable amount of the cash-generating unit (CGU) to which the asset belongs is determined. The recoverable amount of an asset or CGU is determined as the higher of its fair value less costs of disposal (FVLCD) and its value in use. An impairment loss exists if the asset’s or CGU’s carrying amount exceeds the estimated recoverable amount and is recorded as an expense immediately. Fair value is the price that would be received from selling an asset in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. Costs of disposal are incremental costs directly attributable to the disposal of an asset. For mining assets, when a binding sale agreement is not readily available, FVLCD is usually estimated using a discounted cash flow approach, unless comparable market transactions on which to estimate fair value are available. Estimated future cash flows are calculated using estimated future commodity prices, reserves and resources, and operating and capital costs. All inputs used are those that an independent market participant would consider appropriate. 3. Material Accounting Policy Information (continued) Value in use is determined as the present value of the future cash flows expected to be derived from continuing use of an asset or CGU in its present form. These estimated future cash flows are discounted to their present value using a pre-tax discount rate that reflects current market assessments of the time value of money and the risks specific to the asset or CGU for which estimates of future cash flows have not been adjusted. A value in use calculation uses a pre-tax discount rate and a FVLCD calculation uses a post-tax discount rate. Indicators of impairment for exploration and evaluation assets are assessed on a project-by-project basis or as part of the mining operation to which they relate. Tangible or intangible assets that have been impaired in prior periods are tested for possible reversal of impairment whenever events or significant changes in circumstances indicate that the impairment may have reversed. Indicators of a potential reversal of an impairment loss mainly mirror the indicators present when the impairment was originally recorded. If the impairment has reversed, the carrying amount of the asset is increased to its recoverable amount, but not beyond the carrying amount that would have been determined, net of depreciation, had no impairment loss been recognized for the asset in prior periods. A reversal of an impairment loss is recognized in profit (loss) immediately. |
Intangible Assets | Intangible Assets Intangible assets are mainly internally generated and primarily relate to our innovation and technology initiatives. We capitalize development costs for internally generated intangible assets when the process is clearly defined, the technical feasibility and usefulness of the asset have been established, we are committed and have the resources to complete the project, and the costs can be reliably measured. Intangible assets are recorded at cost less accumulated amortization and impairment losses. Cost includes directly attributable costs necessary to create, produce and prepare the asset to be capable of operating in the manner intended by management. Costs associated with maintaining our innovation and technology initiatives, once implemented, are recognized as an expense as incurred. Finite life intangible assets are amortized on a straight-line basis over their useful lives. Amortization commences when an asset is ready for its intended use. Estimates of remaining useful lives are reviewed annually. Changes in estimates are accounted for prospectively. The expected useful lives of our finite life intangible assets are between 3 and 20 years. |
Research and Innovation | Research and Innovation Costs incurred during the research phase are expensed as part of research and innovation. Costs associated with the development of our innovation-driven transformation program, where the process is not clearly defined and technical feasibility is not established, are also expensed as incurred. |
Goodwill | Goodwill We allocate goodwill arising from business combinations to each CGU or group of CGUs that are expected to receive the benefits from the business combination. The carrying amount of the CGU or group of CGUs to which goodwill has been allocated is tested annually for impairment or when there is an indication that the goodwill may be impaired. An impairment loss exists if the CGU’s or group of CGUs’ carrying amount, including goodwill, exceeds its recoverable amount. Any impairment is recognized as an expense immediately. Should there be a recovery in the value of a CGU or group of CGUs, any impairment of goodwill previously recorded is not subsequently reversed. |
Leases | Leases Contracts are assessed to determine if the contracts are, or contain, a lease. As a lessee, we recognize a right-of-use asset, which is included in property, plant and equipment, and a lease liability at the commencement date of a lease. The commencement date is the date when the lessor makes the underlying asset available for use by us. The right-of-use asset is initially measured at cost, which is comprised of the initial amount of the lease liability adjusted for any lease payments made at or before the commencement date, plus any decommissioning and restoration costs. The right-of-use asset is subsequently depreciated from the commencement date to the earlier of the end of the lease term, or the end of the useful life of the asset. In addition, the right-of-use asset may be reduced due to impairment losses, if any, and adjusted for certain remeasurements of the lease liability. A lease liability is initially measured at the present value of the lease payments that are not paid at the commencement date, discounted by our incremental borrowing rate, as the rate implicit in the lease cannot be readily determined. Our lease liabilities are remeasured when there is a change in future lease payments arising from a purchase, extension or termination option. Variable lease payments not included in the initial measurement of the lease liability are charged directly to profit (loss). We have elected not to recognize right-of-use assets and lease liabilities for short-term leases that have a lease term of 12 months or less and leases of low-value assets. The lease payments associated with these leases are recorded directly to profit (loss) on a straight-line basis over the lease term. |
Income Taxes | Income Taxes Taxes, comprising both income taxes and resource taxes, are accounted for as income taxes under IAS 12, Income Taxes. Income taxes attributable to assets held for sale at December 31, 2022 are included as part of loss from discontinued operations. Current taxes receivable or payable are based on estimated taxable income for the current year at the statutory tax rates enacted, or substantively enacted, less amounts paid or received on account. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized based on temporary differences and are calculated using enacted or substantively enacted tax rates for the periods in which the differences are expected to reverse. The effect of changes in tax legislation, including changes in tax rates, is recognized in the period of substantive enactment. Deferred tax assets are recognized only to the extent where it is probable that the future taxable profits or capital gains of the relevant entity or group of entities in a particular jurisdiction will be available, against which the assets can be utilized. Deferred tax liabilities are recognized for taxable temporary differences arising on investments in subsidiaries, joint ventures and associates. However, we do not recognize such deferred tax liabilities where the timing of the reversal of the temporary differences can be controlled without affecting our operations or business and where it is probable that the temporary differences will not reverse in the foreseeable future. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are not recognized if the temporary differences arise from the initial recognition of goodwill or an asset or liability in a transaction, other than in a business combination, which will affect neither accounting profit nor taxable profit. However, we recognize deferred tax on transactions that, on initial recognition, give rise to equal amounts of taxable and deductible temporary differences. Deferred tax assets and liabilities related to assets held for sale are included as part of assets held for sale and liabilities associated with assets held for sale, as applicable. We are subject to assessments by various taxation authorities, who may interpret tax legislation differently than we do. The final amount of taxes to be paid depends on a number of factors, including the outcomes of audits, appeals or negotiated settlements. We account for such differences based on our best estimate of the probable outcome of these matters. |
Employee Benefits | Employee Benefits Defined benefit pension plans Defined benefit pension plan obligations are based on actuarial determinations. The projected unit credit method, which sees each period of service as giving rise to an additional unit of benefit entitlement and measures each unit separately to build up the final obligation, is used to determine the defined benefit obligations, the related current service costs and, where applicable, the past service costs. Actuarial assumptions used in the determination of defined benefit pension plan assets and liabilities are based upon our best estimates, including discount rates, salary escalation, expected healthcare costs and retirement dates of employees. Actuarial gains and losses can arise from differences between expected and actual outcomes or changes in actuarial assumptions. Actuarial gains and losses, changes in the effect of the asset ceiling and return on plan assets are collectively referred to as remeasurements of retirement benefit plans and are recognized immediately through other comprehensive income (loss) and directly into retained earnings. Measurement of our net defined benefit asset is limited to the lower of the surplus of assets less liabilities in the defined benefit plan and the asset ceiling less liabilities in the defined benefit plan. The asset ceiling is the present value of the expected economic benefit available to us in the form of refunds from the plan or reductions in future contributions to the plan. The interest component of the defined benefit cost is recorded as part of finance expense. Depending on the classification of the salary of plan members, current service costs and past service costs are included in cost of sales, general and administration expenses, exploration expenses or research and innovation expenses. Defined contribution pension plans The cost of providing benefits through defined contribution plans is recorded to profit (loss) as the obligation to contribute is incurred. Non-pension post-retirement plans |
Share-Based Payments | Share-Based Payments The fair value method of accounting is used for share-based payment transactions. Under this method, the cost of share options and other equity-settled share-based payment arrangements is recorded based on the estimated fair value at the grant date, including an estimate of the forfeiture rate, and recorded to other operating income (expense) over the vesting period. Share-based payment expense relating to cash-settled awards, including deferred, restricted, performance and performance deferred share units, is accrued over the vesting period of the units based on the quoted market value of Class B subordinate voting shares. Performance share units (PSUs) and performance deferred share units (PDSUs) vest subject to a performance metric ranging from 0% to 200% based on corporate performance against grant-specific performance criteria. As defined in our grant agreements, the performance metric for PSUs and PDSUs issued prior to 2022 was based on both our relative total shareholder return in comparison to a group of specified companies and by the ratio of the change in our earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization (EBITDA) over the vesting period of the share unit to the change in a specified weighted commodity price index. The performance metrics for PSUs and PDSUs issued in 2022 and 2023 are based on a balanced scorecard, with 20% related to each of relative shareholder return as compared to our compensation peer group, change in five-year average return on capital employed for operating assets, operational production and cost performance as against the annual budget, strategic execution, and performance measured against a sustainability progress index. As these awards will be settled in cash, the expense and liability are adjusted each reporting period for changes in the underlying share price as well as changes to the above-noted vesting factors, as applicable. |
Decommissioning and Restoration Provisions | Future obligations to retire an asset and to restore a site, including dismantling, remediation and ongoing treatment and monitoring of the site related to normal operations, are initially recognized and recorded as a provision based on estimated future cash flows discounted at a credit-adjusted risk-free rate. These decommissioning and restoration provisions are adjusted at each reporting period for changes to factors including the expected amount of cash flows required to discharge the liability, the timing of such cash flows and the discount rate. The provisions are also accreted to full value over time through periodic charges to profit (loss). This unwinding of the discount is recorded to finance expense in the statement of income (loss). The amount of the decommissioning and restoration provisions initially recognized is capitalized as part of the related asset’s carrying value. The method of depreciation follows that of the underlying asset. For a closed site or where the asset that generated a decommissioning and restoration provision no longer exists, there is no longer any future benefit related to the costs and, as such, the amounts are expensed through other operating income (expense). For operating sites, a revision in estimates or a new disturbance will result in an adjustment to the provision with an offsetting adjustment to the capitalized asset retirement cost. During the operating life of an asset, events such as infractions of environmental laws or regulations may occur. These events are not related to the normal operation of the asset. The costs associated with these provisions are accrued and recorded through other operating income (expense) in the period in which the event giving rise to the liability occurs. Changes in the estimated liability resulting in an adjustment to these provisions are also recorded to other operating income (expense) in the period in which the estimate changes. |
Earnings (Loss) per Share | Earnings (Loss) per Share Earnings (loss) per share is calculated based on the weighted average number of shares outstanding during the year. For diluted earnings per share, dilution is calculated based upon the net number of common shares issued, should “in-the-money” options and warrants be exercised and the proceeds be used to repurchase common shares at the average market price in the year. In periods of loss, the loss per share and diluted loss per share are the same, since the effect of the issuance of additional common shares would be anti-dilutive. |
Fair Value Measurements | Certain of our financial assets and liabilities are measured at fair value on a recurring basis and classified in their entirety based on the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement. Certain non-financial assets and liabilities may also be measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis and classified in their entirety based on the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement. There are three levels of the fair value hierarchy that prioritize the inputs to valuation techniques used to measure fair value, with Level 1 inputs having the highest priority. The levels and the valuation techniques used to value our financial assets and liabilities are described below: Level 1 – Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets Level 1 inputs are unadjusted quoted prices in active markets that are accessible at the measurement date for identical, unrestricted assets or liabilities. Certain cash equivalents, certain marketable equity securities and certain debt securities are valued using quoted market prices in active markets. Accordingly, these items are included in Level 1 of the fair value hierarchy. Level 2 – Significant Observable Inputs Other than Quoted Prices Level 2 inputs are quoted prices in markets that are not active, quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets, or inputs that are observable, either directly or indirectly, for substantially the full term of the asset or liability. Derivative instruments and embedded derivatives are included in Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy, as they are valued using pricing models or discounted cash flow models. These models require a variety of inputs, including, but not limited to, market prices, forward price curves, yield curves and credit spreads. These inputs are obtained from or corroborated with the market. Also included in Level 2 are settlement receivables and settlement payables from provisional pricing on concentrate sales and purchases, certain refined metal sales and steelmaking coal sales because they are valued using quoted market prices derived based on forward curves for the respective commodities and published price assessments for steelmaking coal sales. Level 3 – Significant Unobservable Inputs Level 3 inputs are unobservable (supported by little or no market activity). |